hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Public interest litigation in India
The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is public interest litigation (PIL) or social action litigation (SAL). It refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer. It is a relaxation on the traditional rule of locus standi. Before 1980s the judiciary and the Supreme Court of India entertained litigation only from parties affected directly or indirectly by the defendant. It heard and decided cases only under its original and appellate jurisdictions. However, the Supreme Court began permitting cases on the grounds of public interest litigation, which means that even people who are not directly involved in the case may bring matters of public interest to the court. It is the court's privilege to entertain the application for the PIL.

Judicial activism
Judicial activism is a judicial philosophy holding that courts can and should go beyond the applicable law to consider broader societal implications of their decisions. It is sometimes used as an antonym of judicial restraint. The term usually implies that judges make rulings based on their own views rather than on precedent. The definition of judicial activism and the specific decisions that are activist are controversial political issues. The question of judicial activism is closely related to judicial interpretation, statutory interpretation, and separation of powers.
Star Magic Presents
Star Magic Presents is a Philippine television drama anthology series broadcast by ABS-CBN. It aired from July 29, 2006 to May 10, 2008.  and was replaced by Wonder Mom. The show features artists from Star Magic, the talent management agency of ABS-CBN.

In an interview, Star Magic Director Johnny Manahan explained that the show's main goal was "to provide a platform whereby the agency’s fresh, yet unknown talents can shine in tandem with its more established stars. Each week, a new face is paired with an established artist, the better to remind the older stars of their responsibility to help their younger brothers and sisters."

In the Philippines, this program airs on Saturday at 10 a.m-11 a.m. in Metro Manila. (Timeslot may vary in some areas) It is also broadcast worldwide on TFC: The Filipino Channel.

Wonder Mom
Wonder Mom was a Philippine informative show which aired every Saturday morning on ABS-CBN. It was intended to help mothers be productive and self-reliant to their families. Hosted by Karen Davila, It aired from July 5, 2008 to October 24, 2009, replacing Star Magic Presents and was replaced by Kulilits.
South Carolina Highway 430
South Carolina Highway 430 (SC 430) is an 11.740-mile-long (18.894 km) state highway in the west central part of the U.S. state of South Carolina. The highway travels in a south-north orientation from just northeast of Edgefield northwest and then due north to a point on the edge of Sumter National Forest, all within Edgefield County.

Edgefield County, South Carolina
Edgefield County is a county located on the western border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 25,657. Its county seat and largest community is Edgefield. The county was established on March 12, 1785. The Savannah River makes up part of the western border of Edgefield County; across the river lies the city of Augusta, Georgia. Edgefield is part of the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Paul Thomas (bishop)
Paul Richard Thomas SSC (born 1975) is a British Anglican bishop who has served as Bishop of Oswestry, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Lichfield, and the provincial episcopal visitor for the western half of the Province of Canterbury (a position formerly held by the Bishop of Ebbsfleet) since February 2023. From 2011, he was vicar of St James's Church, Paddington.

Provincial episcopal visitor
A provincial episcopal visitor (PEV), popularly known as a flying bishop, is a Church of England bishop assigned to minister to many of the clergy, laity and parishes who on grounds of theological conviction "are unable to receive the ministry of women bishops or priests" as well as the ministry of male bishops or priests at whose ordination a female bishop presided. The system by which bishops oversee these churches is referred to as alternative episcopal oversight (AEO).
Leirhøe
Leirhøe is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,334-metre (7,657 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of the village of Fossbergom and about 47 kilometres (29 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Spiterhøe and Skauthøe to the northwest; Veobreahesten and Veopallan to the northeast; Veotinden and Veobreatinden to the southeast; Store Memurutinden to the south; and Nørdre Hellstugutinden, Midtre Hellstugutinden, Store Hellstugutinden, and Nestsøre Hellstugutinden to the southwest.

Spiterhøe
Spiterhøe is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,033-metre (6,670 ft) tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the village of Fossbergom and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of the village of Vågåmo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Skauthøe to the north; Glittertinden and Steinbukampen to the northeast; Veopallan to the east; Leirhøi, Veobreatinden, and Veobreahesten to the southeast; Nørdre Hellstugutinden to the south; and Galdhøpiggen to the west.
My Darkest Days
My Darkest Days was a Canadian rock band based in Peterborough, Ontario, consisting of lead vocalist Matt Walst, bassist Brendan McMillan, drummer Doug Oliver, guitarist Sal Costa, and keyboardist Reid Henry. They were discovered by Chad Kroeger of Nickelback, who signed them to his record label, 604 Records. They are best known for their 2010 single "Porn Star Dancing".

In June 2010 the band went on tour with Sick Puppies, Janus, and It's Alive, and shot the video for "Porn Star Dancing" in Las Vegas. In August 2010, they toured with Trapt, Skillet, and Papa Roach. Chad Kroeger appears and sings in the "Porn Star Dancing" video, as does American rapper Ludacris (in the extended version only) and Black Label Society frontman Zakk Wylde, playing lead guitar for the single.

The band disbanded in 2013 after Matt Walst became the lead vocalist of Three Days Grace, which also features his older brother Brad.

The band cited Nirvana, A Perfect Circle, and Nickelback as influences.

Porn Star Dancing
"Porn Star Dancing" is the debut  single by the Canadian rock band My Darkest Days from their self-titled debut album released on September 21, 2010. The single itself was released on June 21, 2010, preceding the release of the album by three months. The song spent 26 weeks on Billboard's Rock Songs chart where, on December 11, 2010, it peaked at number seven. On the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, it spent two weeks at number one. Chad Kroeger of Nickelback sings a verse in the "Porn Star Dancing" video, which was filmed at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, as does American rapper Ludacris, and Black Label Society frontman Zakk Wylde does a guitar solo. The music video was directed by Brendan Cochrane. Ludacris was originally featured only in the Canadian release of the video; however, due to the popularity of the track, it was subsequently adopted as the mainstream video and radio release.
2020 United States Senate election in Virginia
The 2020 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic senator Mark Warner won reelection to a third term against Republican nominee Daniel Gade.

Of Virginia's 20 most populous counties and independent cities, Warner won 18, losing only Hanover and Spotsylvania.

Daniel Gade
Daniel MacArthur Gade (born February 7, 1975) is an American critic of United States veterans' services and disability policies, a former political candidate, a professor and researcher, and a United States government contractor. In 2005, Gade became an amputee after receiving wounds while serving as a company commander in Ramadi, Iraq. In 2017, Gade retired from the United States Army as a Lieutenant Colonel. Gade was the Republican nominee for the 2020 election to represent Virginia in the United States Senate losing to incumbent Democrat Mark Warner. He served as the Commissioner of the Virginia Department of Veterans Services from 2022 to 2024.
Liu Zhiyuan
Liu Zhiyuan (Chinese: 劉知遠) (March 4, 895 – March 10, 948), later changed to Liu Gao (劉暠), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Gaozu of Later Han (後漢高祖), was the founding emperor of the Shatuo-led Chinese Later Han dynasty, the fourth of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He was the older brother of the Northern Han founder Liu Min (Emperor Shizu).

Guo Wei
Guo Wei (Chinese: 郭威) (10 September 904 – 22 February 954), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou (後周太祖), was the founding emperor of the Chinese Later Zhou dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 951 until his death in 954.

Nicknamed "Sparrow Guo" (郭雀兒) after a sparrow-shaped tattoo on his neck, he rose to a high position in the Later Han as an assistant military commissioner. He founded the Later Zhou in 951.
Point Piper
Point Piper  is a small, harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of the Sydney CBD, in the local government area known as the Municipality of Woollahra.

Rose Bay, New South Wales
Rose Bay is a harbourside eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rose Bay is located seven kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government areas of Municipality of Woollahra (on its western side towards the bay) and Waverley Council (east of Old South Head Road).
Love of Will
Love of Will is the only studio album by David McComb, released in March 1994. The album was recorded and mixed between June and August 1993, at Platinum Studios with additional mixing at Metropolis and Sing Sing Studios.  McComb selected 13 songs out of a pile of 35 and recorded them at Platinum Studios, Melbourne with producer Nick Mainsbridge, together with freelance musical directors Graham Lee and David McComb, and assistant engineers Kalju Tonuma and Phil Jones.

Videos were made for the singles from the album, "Setting You Free" and "Clear Out My Mind".

David McComb
David Richard McComb (17 February 1962 – 2 February 1999) was an Australian musician. He was the singer-songwriter and guitarist of the Australian bands, The Triffids (1976–89) and The Blackeyed Susans (1989–93). He also had a solo career including leading David McComb and The Red Ponies.

Over his career McComb had bouts of alcoholism, and amphetamine and heroin abuse. He developed cardiomyopathy and in 1996 underwent a heart transplant. David McComb died on 2 February 1999 "due to heroin toxicity and mild acute rejection of his 1996 heart transplant", according to the coroner.

In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th Anniversary celebrations, named "Wide Open Road" by The Triffids – written by McComb – as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time. On 1 July 2008 The Triffids were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame with McComb's contribution acknowledged by a tribute performance.
Al-Tamartashi
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn al-Khaṭīb al-Tamartāshī (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله التمرتاشي; 939–1004 AH / 1532–1596 CE) was a Hanafi jurist, legal theorist, and Islamic scholar from Gaza, where he was born, educated, and died. He is commonly referred to as al-Tamartāshī al-Ghazzī.

He was regarded by later biographers as one of the leading Hanafi authorities of Ottoman Palestine in the 16th century and is best known for his jurisprudential work Al-Durr al-Mukhtar, which became a foundational text within the later Hanafi legal tradition.

Al-Tamartāshī died in Gaza in 1004 AH (1596 CE), at the age of sixty-five.

Al-Durr al-Mukhtar
Al-Durr al-Mukhtar Sharh Tanwir al-Absar (Arabic: الدر المختار شرح تنوير الأبصار, commonly referred to as Durr ul-Mukhtar (lit. "the chosen pearl", also spelled Durr al-Mukhtar) is a book written by Imam Muhammad Ala-ud-Din Haskafi in the year 1070 AH. The book is actually the commentary of another book by the name of Tanwir al-Absar written by al-Tamartashi.
Kōwa (Heian period)
Kowa (康和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō; "year name") after Jōtoku and before Chōji. This period spanned the years from August 1099 through February 1104. The reigning emperor was Horikawa-tennō (堀河天皇).

Jōtoku
Jōtoku (承徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Eichō and before Kōwa. This period spanned the years from November 1097 through August 1099. The reigning emperor was Horikawa-tennō (堀河天皇).
Inactive National Guard
The Inactive National Guard (ING) is a component of the Ready Reserve of the United States Army, and is structured similarly to the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR). Only enlisted soldiers are eligible for transfer to the ING; commissioned and warrant officers are not. At present, only the Army National Guard maintains an ING.

Ready Reserve
The Ready Reserve is a U.S. Department of Defense program which maintains a pool of trained service members that may be recalled to active duty should the need arise.  It is composed of service members that are contracted to serve in the Ready Reserve for a specified period of time as a reservist or in active duty status.  Members of the Ready Reserve are required to be prepared for mobilization or re-activation within a specified period of time, maintain a serviceable uniform, and maintain a degree of fitness.

Each of the reserve components of the United States Armed Forces is divided into the Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and the Retired Reserve.
Benezette Township, Pennsylvania
41°14′30″N 78°19′59″W﻿ / ﻿41.24167°N 78.33306°W﻿ / 41.24167; -78.33306

Benezette Township is a township in Elk County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 217 at the 2020 census, up from 207 in 2010.

The township has its own post office, with zip code 15821.

Elk County, Pennsylvania
Elk County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 30,990. Its county seat is Ridgway. The county was created on April 18, 1843, from parts of Jefferson, Clearfield, and McKean Counties. Elk County is named for the now-extinct eastern elk (Cervus canadensis) that historically inhabited the region. The county is part of the North Central region of the commonwealth.

The county is notable for having one of the highest concentrations of Catholics in the United States, with 69% of the county's residents identifying as Catholic.
Peter Coonan
Peter Coonan  (born 1984) is an Irish actor, notable for his roles in King of the Travellers (2012), and Love/Hate (2011–2014), for which he won Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Television at the 11th Irish Film & Television Awards. Other credits include Penance (2018), Dublin Murders (2019), Arracht (2020), The Alienist: Angel of Darkness (2020), Cold Courage (2020), Doineann (2021), Peaky Blinders (2022), and Bad Sisters (2022).

Bad Sisters
Bad Sisters is an Irish black comedy television series developed by Sharon Horgan, Dave Finkel, and Brett Baer. Set in Dublin and filmed on location in Ireland, it is based on the Belgian series Clan, which was created by Malin-Sarah Gozin. The first two episodes aired on Apple TV+ on 19 August 2022.  The second series premiered on 13 November 2024.

The first season received a positive reception from critics and won a 2022 Peabody Award. It received a leading twelve nominations at the 19th Irish Film & Television Awards, winning four including Best Drama, and received the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series at the 2023 BAFTA Awards alongside two additional wins. Season 1 received four nominations at the 75th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for Horgan.
Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd
Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd was a prince of part of Gwynedd. Little is known about him, but he was the son of Owain Gwynedd and Gwladus ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn, and therefore full brother to Iorwerth Drwyndwn, the father of Llywelyn the Great. On the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, Maelgwn received Anglesey as his share of the kingdom, but in 1173, his half brother Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd attacked him and forced him to flee to Ireland. He returned later that same year, but was taken prisoner by Dafydd. There is no further record of his fate.

Owain Gwynedd
Owain ap Gruffudd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈoʊain ap 'grɨfɨð], d. 23 November 1170) or Owain Gwynedd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈoʊain ˈɡwɨnɛð]) was King of Gwynedd from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. He is known as Owain Gwynedd to distinguish him from the contemporary Powysian ruler, Owain Cyfeiliog, whose name was also Owain ap Gruffudd. Owain Gwynedd was the first recorded Welsh ruler to style himself king of Wales and Prince of the Welsh.
In Search of... (N.E.R.D. album)
In Search of... is the debut studio album by American funk rock band N.E.R.D. The group originally released the album on August 6, 2001 in Europe, where Kelis' Wanderland—produced by The Neptunes, consisting of N.E.R.D. members Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo—was better received. Similarly to Kelis' early work, the original version of In Search of... juxtaposes hip hop and rock influences and styles. The album is named after the TV series In Search of..., hosted by Leonard Nimoy.

On March 12, 2002, In Search of... was re-released worldwide, with the largely electronic production backing of the album replaced by live backing provided by 1960s-style power pop band Spymob, giving the new version of the album a more rock-oriented sound. The skits and the intro from the original album were also dropped, significantly shortening the play length.

Chad Hugo
Charles Edward Hugo (born February 24, 1974) is an American record producer. He was one half of the production duo the Neptunes, which he formed alongside Pharrell Williams in 1992. His production work with the duo has been credited on three decades of pop, contemporary R&B, and hip-hop releases. He was also a member of the band N.E.R.D., alongside Williams and Shay Haley, and co-founded the record label Star Trak Entertainment with Williams in 2001. In contrast to Williams, Hugo does not perform vocals on records.
Jane C. Wright
Jane Cooke Wright (November 30, 1919 – February 19, 2013), also known as Jane Jones, was a pioneering cancer researcher and surgeon noted for her contributions to chemotherapy. In particular, Wright is credited with developing the technique of using human tissue culture rather than laboratory mice to test the effects of potential drugs on cancer cells.  She also pioneered the use of the drug methotrexate to treat breast cancer and skin cancer (mycosis fungoids).

Jewel Plummer Cobb
Jewel Plummer Cobb (January 17, 1924 – January 1, 2017) was an American biologist, cancer researcher, professor, dean, and academic administrator. She contributed to the field of cancer research by studying treatments for melanoma. Cobb was an advocate for increasing the representation of women and students of color in universities, and she created programs to support students interested in pursuing graduate school.
Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler
Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (14 February 1640 – 12 December 1693) was a daughter of Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1598–1654) and his first wife, Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken (1606–1648).

Magdalena Katharina of Zweibrücken
Magdalena Catherine, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken (German: Magdalena Katharina von Pfalz-Zweibrücken; 26 April 1607, Zweibrücken – 20 January 1648, Strasbourg) was a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken by birth and by marriage Duchess and Countess Palatine of Birkenfeld.
Gustav Arnold Grünvald
Gustav Arnold Grünvald (also Gustav/Gustaf Grünvaldt; 25 August 1888 Tartu – 1957 New Zealand) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly, representing the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party. On 14 November 1919, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Jaan Pakk.

Jaan Pakk (politician)
Jaan Pakk (1877 - 9 April 1948 Peningi Parish, Harju County) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly, representing the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party. He was a member of the assembly since 15 November 1919. He replaced Gustav Grünvald.
314th Fighter Squadron
The 314th Fighter Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit.  It is assigned to the 54th Fighter Group at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, where it was activated on 6 July 2015.

The squadron was first activated during World War II.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it flew combat missions with Ninth Air Force, then with Twelfth Air Force, advancing into Italy, France and Germany.  It was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation and French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its actions.  It returned to the United States in November 1945 and was inactivated.

The squadron was again activated as the 314th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron at Luke Air Force Base, Arizona in 1986 and conducted training in the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon until inactivating in 1994.

Luke Air Force Base
Luke Air Force Base (IATA: LUF, ICAO: KLUF, FAA LID: LUF) is a United States Air Force base in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is located 7 miles (6.1 nmi; 11 km) west of the central business district of Glendale, and 15 miles (13 nmi; 24 km) west of Phoenix. The majority of Luke AFB is in the Glendale city limits.

Luke AFB is a major training base of the Air Education and Training Command (AETC), training pilots in the F-16 Fighting Falcon. On 31 March 2011, the F-35 Lightning II was announced to be replacing the F-16 as the primary training aircraft at Luke, although the date of deployment of the new aircraft to Luke and reorganization plans were not announced. On 16 July 2013, the Air Force announced that Luke AFB will house a total of 144 F-35A Lightning IIs. The first F-35A Lightning II arrived to the base on March 10, 2014.

It is a designated superfund site due to a number of soil and groundwater contaminants.