hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Reforms of Russian orthography
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.

Russian alphabet
The Russian alphabet is the writing system used to write the Russian language.

The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters: twenty consonants (⟨б⟩, ⟨в⟩, ⟨г⟩, ⟨д⟩, ⟨ж⟩, ⟨з⟩, ⟨к⟩, ⟨л⟩, ⟨м⟩, ⟨н⟩, ⟨п⟩, ⟨р⟩, ⟨с⟩, ⟨т⟩, ⟨ф⟩, ⟨х⟩, ⟨ц⟩, ⟨ч⟩, ⟨ш⟩, ⟨щ⟩), ten vowels (⟨а⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨ё⟩, ⟨и⟩, ⟨о⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ы⟩, ⟨э⟩, ⟨ю⟩, ⟨я⟩), a semivowel / consonant (⟨й⟩), and two modifier letters or "signs" (⟨ъ⟩, ⟨ь⟩) that alter pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel.
Busted (Copperhead song)
"Busted" is a song by American Southern rock band Copperhead. It was released as a promotional single on October 20, 1992, as the second single from their self-titled debut album, released via Mercury Records. "Busted" was the band's follow up to their debut single, Long Way from Home, that was released in 1991 and featured in the film Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man.

Copperhead (Southern rock band)
Copperhead was an American Southern rock band formed in Morganton, North Carolina in 1986. The band is often regarded as the last authentic Southern rock band before the genre's commercial decline in the 1990s. The group released their self-titled debut album in 1992 under Mercury Records, produced by Tom Dowd. The band is best known for their song "Long Way from Home" being featured in the 1991 movie starring Mickey Rourke and Don Johnson Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man.
Ole Rex
Ole Rex is a 1961 American Western film directed by Robert Hinkle and written by Robert Hinkle and Jack Specht. The film stars Billy Hughes, Bill Coontz, Robert Hinkle, Whitey Hughes, William Hughes and Richard McCarty. The film was released on May 1, 1961, by Universal Pictures.

Billy Hughes (actor)
Billy Eugene Hughes, Jr. (November 28, 1948 – December 20, 2005) was an American actor best known for various television and film roles he played during the 1960s.  His Hollywood lineage included both his father (Bill Hughes) and uncle (Whitey Hughes), who were both stuntmen and film producers.
Osborn Street School
The Osborn Street School is a historic school building located at 160 Osborn Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1893, to replace an earlier schoolhouse on the same site. It also briefly served as the city's normal school for training new teachers before it was moved to the William S. Greene School.

The school was one of nine new grammar schools built in the city during the 1890s. It was designed by Frank Irving Cooper, who also designed the similar Coughlin School, along with many other schools throughout New England. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The Osborn Street School was one of about a dozen elementary schools closed in June 2008 by the city. Students were transferred to the newly built Carlton M. Vivieros Elementary School.

Coughlin School
Coughlin School is a historic school building located at 1975 Pleasant Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1893, and was one of nine new grammar schools built in the city during the 1890s. It was designed by Frank Irving Cooper, who also designed the similar Osborn Street School, along with many other schools throughout New England.

The eight room elementary school was named for Dr. John W. Coughlin, who served as mayor of Fall River during the early 1890s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The Coughlin School was one of about a dozen elementary schools closed in June 2008 by the city, with the opening of several new, larger buildings.

It suffered a fire on August 22, 2015.
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I, also known as Hay Camp, is an Indian reserve in northern Alberta, Canada. The reserve is one of ten reserves under the governance of the Smith's Landing First Nation, known in their language as the Dene Ch'anie. The reserve is located on the west bank of Slave River within Wood Buffalo National Park, and comprises 213 ha (530 acres).

Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I is approximately 113 km (70 mi) north of Fort Chipewyan, and 62 km (39 mi) south of Fort Smith, Northwest Territories. An all-weather road, named Hay Camp Road, connects the reserve to Fort Smith and Fitzgerald.

Smith's Landing First Nation
Smith's Landing First Nation (Chipewyan: Tthëbátthı́ dënesųłı̨ne) is a band government headquartered at Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. Members of the band call themselves, in the Dene Suline language, the Thebati Dene Suhne.

The film Honor of the Crown, directed by Tom Radford, documents the Thebatthi (Chipeweyan) people's successful battle to get the Canadian government to honor its obligations according to an 1899 treaty. Led by François Paulette and his brother Chief Jerry Paulette, the band reclaimed nine tracts of land and $33 million in compensation, becoming Alberta's 44th First Nation.

On June 21, 2024, Smith's Landing First Nation signed a memorandum of agreement to collaborate with three other Fort Smith governments in improving the lives of constituents, as part of the Collaborative Leadership Initiative (CLI).
Our Lady of Kibeho
Our Lady of Kibeho (Kinyarwanda: Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho, French: Notre-Dame de Kibeho), also known as Our Lady of Sorrows of Kibeho, is a Catholic title of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, based on the Marian apparitions reported in the 1980s by several adolescents in Kibeho, south-western Rwanda. The young approved visionaries were Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka and Marie Claire Mukangango.

The Kibeho apparitions apparently communicated various messages to the schoolgirls, including an apocalyptic vision of Rwanda descending into violence and hatred, possibly foretelling the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

In 2001, the local bishop of the Catholic Church officially recognised the visions of three schoolgirls as authentic. The Holy See also released the declaration of Bishop Augustin Misago of Gikongoro approving the apparitions.

Augustin Misago
Augustin Misago (1943 – March 12, 2012) was the Roman Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Gikongoro, Rwanda.

Ordained in 1971, Misango was named bishop in 1992. In the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide, he was accused of helping the Rwandan government commit war crimes during the mid-1990s, during which time over 800,000 Tutsi people were slaughtered. He was cleared of the charges in 2000.

Misago later died in office on 12 March 2012.
Éric Sylvain
Éric Sylvain (born June 16, 1971) is a Canadian curler from Lévis, Quebec. He was the long time second for Jean-Michel Ménard from 2003 to 2018.

Sylvain joined up with Ménard in 2003, and qualified for his first Brier in 2005 as a member of Team Quebec. They lost in the 3-4 game to Nova Scotia (Shawn Adams, skip).

In 2006, they qualified for the Brier, this time winning the title when they defeated Ontario (Glenn Howard) in the final. The team became the first francophone team from Quebec to win the Brier. This qualified them to represent Team Canada at the 2006 World Men's Curling Championship. The lost in the final to Scotland (David Murdoch).

The team failed to qualify for the 2007 Brier- losing to Pierre Charette in the provincial final. The team broke up that year, but Sylvain stuck with Ménard. They won the 2008 provincial final, qualifying them for the 2008 Tim Hortons Brier, but the new team failed to make the playoffs.

Jean-Michel Ménard
Jean-Michel Ménard (born January 19, 1976) is a Canadian curler from Aylmer, Quebec. Ménard is notable for being the first Francophone skip from Quebec to win the Brier - Canada's national curling championship- which he did in 2006. In 2022 he won the World Mixed Curling Championship.
Madame X (1981 film)
Madame X is a 1981 American made-for-television drama film directed by Robert Ellis Miller and starring Tuesday Weld. It is based on the 1908 play by French playwright Alexandre Bisson (1848–1912).

This film, one among many screen versions of the play, was "penned by Edward Anhalt working from Jean Hollway's  '66 screenplay."

The film was first broadcast on NBC on March 16, 1981.

Tuesday Weld
Tuesday Weld (born Susan Ker Weld; August 27, 1943) is an American retired actress. She began acting as a child and progressed to mature roles in the late 1950s. She won a Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Female Newcomer in 1960. Over the following decade, she established a career playing dramatic roles in films.

Weld often portrayed impulsive and reckless women and was nominated for a Golden Globe for Play It as It Lays (1972), an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), an Emmy Award for The Winter of Our Discontent (1983), and a BAFTA for Once Upon a Time in America (1984). After the 1980s her acting appearances became infrequent, and her last role was in 2001's Chelsea Walls.
Kibada
Kibada (Kata ya Kibada, in Swahili) is an administrative ward in the Kigamboni district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The Temeke District's Kijichi and Toangoma wards border the ward on the south and west, and Mjimwema and Kisarawe II wards border it on the east. The ward is bordered to the north by Vijibweni. The ward is famous for its mango production.

In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 10,750 people in the ward, from 8,585 in 2012.

Kisarawe II
Kisarawe II or unofficially East Kisarawe (Kata ya Kisarawe, in Swahili) is an administrative ward in the Kigamboni district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. The Kibada and Mjimwema form the ward's northern border. East is Somangila. Pembamnazi borders it to the south. Toangoma in the Temeke District, as well as Vianzi and Vikindu in the Pwani Region's Mkuranga District, border the west. Since Kisarawe II is the district's top agricultural producer, it is known as Kigamboni's "ricebowl" and "food basket". In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 10,401 people in the ward, from 8,306 in 2012.
Acquainted with the Night
"Acquainted with the Night" is a poem by Robert Frost. It first appeared in the Autumn 1928 issue of the Virginia Quarterly Review and was republished later that year in his poetry collection West-Running Brook.

West-Running Brook
West-Running Brook is a poetry collection by Robert Frost, written in 1923 and published by Henry Holt and Company in 1928, containing woodcut illustrations by J. J. Lankes.

The title of the poem that the volume is named by has been called very significant. Where the poem takes place (Derry, New Hampshire), due to its location near the coast, all rivers flow towards the ocean except for West Running Brook (a real brook), which goes westward making itself unique. In the same way, the poet trusts himself to go by contraries.

Because of this book, Robert Frost is called "Home-Spun Philosopher".

This book entered the public domain in the United States in 2024.
MacKenzie Bourg
MacKenzie Richard Bourg (English: /bɜːr/; BER; born September 11, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter originally from Lafayette, Louisiana. He placed fourth in the fifteenth season of the reality show American Idol. Prior to appearing on American Idol, Bourg competed in the third season of The Voice.

American Idol season 15
The fifteenth season of American Idol, also branded as American Idol: The Farewell Season, premiered on the Fox television network on January 6, 2016. Ryan Seacrest continued as the host, while Harry Connick Jr., Jennifer Lopez, and Keith Urban returned as judges. Scott Borchetta also returned as the in-house mentor. On April 7, 2016, Trent Harmon was announced as this season's winner and La'Porsha Renae was the runner-up.

It was the series' final season to air on Fox. Despite the announcement that the series would be ending, ABC announced in May 2017 that they would revive American Idol.
Danville Dashers (FPHL)
The Danville Dashers were a hockey team from Danville, Illinois, in the Federal Prospects Hockey League. The team is now known as Dashers Hockey during their second incarnation from 2024. The Dashers were named in honor of the original Danville Dashers. From 2011 to 2020, the team played their home games at David S. Palmer Arena, which was also home to the original Dashers that played in the Continental Hockey League from 1981 to 1986, but were voted out of the arena in 2021. On February 28, 2024, it was announced that the David S. Palmer Arena board had accepted the lease from Barry Soskin and Diane Short to bring the Danville Dashers back for the 2024–25 season. The team and arena parted ways at the end of the 2024–25 season.

Watertown Wolves
The Watertown Wolves are a minor professional hockey team in the Federal Prospects Hockey League (FPHL) based in Watertown, New York, and play home games at the Watertown Municipal Arena. The team was on hiatus during the 2015–16 season while renovations at the Watertown Municipal Arena were completed and then returned for the 2016–17 season. With a history dating to 2010, the Wolves are the last original franchise in the FPHL.
Kiki Bertens
Kiki Bertens (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkiki ˈbɛrtəns]; born 10 December 1991) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. Her career-high singles ranking was world No. 4, which she reached on 13 May 2019, becoming the highest-ranked Dutch female player ever.
Her career-high doubles ranking of world No. 16, she achieved in April 2018. She won ten singles and ten doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including 2018 Cincinnati Open and 2019 Madrid Open. Bertens was widely regarded as a clay court specialist, but also was successful on hardcourt.

Jeļena Ostapenko
Jeļena "Aļona" Ostapenko (born 8 June 1997) is a Latvian professional tennis player. She has been ranked by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) as high as world No. 5 in singles, which she achieved on 19 March 2018, and No. 3 in doubles, attained on 14 July 2025. She is the current No. 1 singles player from Latvia, on both categories.

Ostapenko has won nine WTA Tour-level singles and twelve doubles titles, including a singles major at the 2017 French Open and a doubles major at the 2024 US Open, partnering Lyudmyla Kichenok. She has also won 15 singles titles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit, and the junior singles event at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. She is a member of the Latvia Billie Jean King Cup team.
Josafá Menezes da Silva
Josafá Menezes da Silva (born 2 January 1959) is a Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church and holds the position of metropolitan archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju. His prior positions include auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia from 2005 to 2010, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Barreiras from 2010 to 2019, and metropolitan archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vitória da Conquista from 2019 to 2024.

Archdiocese of Aracaju
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Aracaju (Latin: Archidioecesis Metropolitae Aracaiuensis) is a Latin Metropolitan archdiocese in the State of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Its cathedral archiepiscopal see is Our Lady of the Conception Cathedral (Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora da Conceiçao), dedicated to Our Lady of Immaculate Conception, in the city of Aracaju. Two World Heritage Sites are owned by the Archdiocese in São Cristóvão, Sergipe: the Misericórdia Hospital and Church (Igreja de Santa Casa de Misericórdia) and the Church and Convent of Santa Cruz, also known as the Church and Convent of Saint Francis.
Walworth, New York
Walworth is a town in Wayne County, New York, United States named after Reuben Walworth, a state official.  The population was 9,449 at the 2010 census.

The Town of Walworth is on the western border of the county and is east of Rochester, New York. It has a hamlet, also called Walworth.

Walworth (hamlet), New York
43°08′21″N 77°16′20″W﻿ / ﻿43.13917°N 77.27222°W﻿ / 43.13917; -77.27222
Walworth is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in the Town of Walworth, Wayne County, New York, United States. It is located in the southeastern corner of the town, six miles (10 km) north-northeast of the hamlet of Macedon, at an elevation of 541 feet (165 m). The primary cross roads where the hamlet is located are Penfield-Walworth Road (CR 205), Walworth-Marion Road (CR 207), Walworth-Ontario Road and Walworth Road (CR 208). N.Y. Route 350 passes just west of Walworth. Government offices for the Town of Walworth are located in the hamlet.

A United States Post Office is located in Walworth with a ZIP Code of 14568.
Fiona Graham
Fiona Caroline Graham (16 September 1961–26 January 2023) was an Australian anthropologist working as a geisha in Japan. She made her debut as a geisha (trainee) in 2007 in the Asakusa district of Tokyo under the name Sayuki (紗幸) as a part of her anthropological study, and as of 2021 was working in the Fukagawa district of Tokyo.

Fukagawa, Tokyo
Fukagawa (深川) is a district in Kōtō, Tokyo. It is traditionally part of the Shitamachi area of Tokyo. Formerly, it was a ward of the historical Tokyo City. In 1947, Fukagawa was incorporated into the ward of Kōtō, together with Suginami. Fukagawa has a large South Asian population, mainly consisting of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis.
Robert Stewart (lineman)
Robert Stewart (April 12, 1967 – June 4, 2022) was an American professional football lineman who played eleven seasons in the Arena Football League (AFL) with the Charlotte Rage, New Jersey Red Dogs, New York Dragons, Arizona Rattlers, and Carolina Cobras. He played college football at the University of Alabama, where he spent time at three different positions and was named an Associated Press second-team All-American. As a senior, Stewart was named a permanent team captain by the Alabama Crimson Tide: his hand and shoe prints are on the Walk of Fame at Denny Chimes tower. He was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the eighth round of the 1992 NFL draft but was released before the regular season. Stewart began his AFL career in 1994, earning first-team All-Arena honors as a rookie. He played in the AFL from 1994 to 2004, earning All-Arena honors six times and winning the Lineman of the Year award in 1999. He also set an AFL single-game record with four sacks in 2001.

New York Dragons
The New York Dragons were a professional arena football team based in the New York metropolitan area. The Dragons participated in the Arena Football League's (AFL) National Conference as a member of the Eastern Division. The team was founded in 1995 as the original iteration of the Iowa Barnstormers, and relocated to New York in 2001. They played in New York until 2008, when the league folded.  They played in the Eastern Division of the National Conference, and played their home games at Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York. Their last coach was Weylan Harding.
Pioneer Valley Transit Authority
The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) oversees and coordinates public transportation in the Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts, offering fixed-route bus service, paratransit service, and senior van service. PVTA was created by Chapter 161B of the Massachusetts General Laws in 1974. Based in Springfield, Massachusetts, PVTA serves Hampden and Hampshire counties, and provides connecting service to CTtransit in Hartford County, Connecticut, to FRTA in Franklin County, and to WRTA in Worcester County. It is the largest regional transit authority, and second largest public transit system in Massachusetts after the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority, providing service to over 11 million riders annually across 24 municipalities in the region, with about 70% of all riders using the system as their primary mode of transit.

Five College Consortium
The Five College Consortium (often referred to as simply the Five Colleges) comprises four liberal arts colleges  and one university in the Connecticut River Pioneer Valley of Western Massachusetts: Amherst College, Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst, totaling approximately 38,000 students. They are geographically close to one another and are linked by frequent bus service that operates between the campuses during the school year. The service is free for the students of the colleges.

The consortium was formally established in 1965, but its roots lay in cooperative efforts between the oldest four members of the consortium dating back to 1914.
Haywood v. National Basketball Association
Haywood v. National Basketball Association, 401 U.S. 1204 (1971), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision that ruled against the NBA's requirement that a player could not be drafted by an NBA team until four years after graduating from high school. Justice Douglas, in an in-chambers opinion, allowed Spencer Haywood to play in the NBA temporarily until the litigation could proceed further. The case was settled out of court, Haywood continued playing, and the NBA modified its four-year rule to allow players to enter the league early in cases of "hardship".

Spencer Haywood
Spencer Haywood (born April 22, 1949) is an American former professional basketball player and Olympic gold medalist. Haywood is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, being inducted in 2015.
Judee Sill
Judith Lynne Sill (October 7, 1944 – November 23, 1979) was an American singer-songwriter and composer. She was influenced by Bach, and wrote lyrics drawing on Christian themes of rapture and redemption.

Sill was the first artist signed to David Geffen's label Asylum. She released her first album, Judee Sill, in 1971, followed by Heart Food in 1973. Both albums were acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful.

In 1974, Sill recorded demos for a third album, which went unfinished. Sill struggled with addiction through much of her life and died of a drug overdose in 1979. She did not find commercial success, and at the time of her death, no obituary was published; however, several artists have since cited her as an influence. Her found studio tape, demos and other rarities were released on the 2005 collection Dreams Come True.

Dreams Come True (Judee Sill album)
Dreams Come True is a posthumous album of music by the American singer-songwriter Judee Sill. A double CD released on Water Records in 2005, the album mainly contains work originally recorded in the 1970s as potential material for a third album on Asylum Records. A combination of Sill's health and drug problems and lack of interest in the market prevented the completion of the album but a renewed interest in her work led to the release of this set, which also includes film footage from 1973.
Guerrier Courses
The Higher Courses for Women in Moscow (Russian: Московские высшие женские курсы, romanized: Moskovskiye Vysshiye Zhenskiye Kursy, lit. 'Moscow Higher Women's Courses')  was a university for women between 1872 and 1918 (with a break in 1888–1900), after which they were transformed into the 2nd Moscow State University. It was one of the largest and most prominent women's higher education institutions in the Russian Empire, second only to the Bestuzhev Courses in Saint Petersburg. It was founded and administered by Vladimir I. Guerrier.

Vladimir Guerrier
Vladimir Ivanovich Guerrier (Russian: Владимир Иванович Герье; 29 May [O.S. 17 May] 1837 – 30 June 1919) was a Russian historian, professor of history at Moscow State University from 1868 to 1904. As the founder of the "Courses Guerrier", he was a leading instigator of higher education for women in Russia.

He was also a member of the Moscow City Duma, the State Council of Imperial Russia and the Octobrist Party.

Guerrier's name is sometimes transliterated from the Cyrillic into the Roman alphabet as Ger'e, but he himself preferred Guerrier. When publishing works in German, he used the form W. I. Guerrier (the W representing Wladimir).