hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Heilongjiang hand cannon
The Heilongjiang hand cannon or hand-gun[a] is a bronze hand cannon manufactured no later than 1288 and is the world's oldest confirmed surviving firearm. It weighs 3.55 kg (7.83 pounds) and is 34 centimeters (13.4 inches) long. The Heilongjiang hand cannon was excavated during the 1970s in Banlachengzi, a village in Acheng District, Heilongjiang province, China. It was found alongside other bronze artifacts made in the style of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (12th–13th century). The hand cannon was probably used in battles fought nearby in Banlachengzi in 1287 and 1288. The History of Yuan states that a Jurchen commander by the name of Li Ting led a group of soldiers equipped with hand cannons into a military camp in 1288, as part of an anti-rebellion campaign for the Yuan dynasty. The cannon currently resides at the Heilongjiang Provincial Museum in Harbin, China.

Hand cannon
The hand cannon (simplified Chinese: 火铳; traditional Chinese: 火銃; pinyin: huǒchòng or 手铳; 手銃; shǒuchòng), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance. It is the oldest type of small arms, as well as the most mechanically simple form of metal barrel firearms. Unlike matchlock firearms it requires direct manual external ignition through a touch hole without any form of firing mechanism. It may also be considered a forerunner of the handgun. The hand cannon was widely used in China from the 13th century onward and later throughout Eurasia in the 14th century. In 15th century Europe, the hand cannon evolved to become the matchlock arquebus, which became the first firearm to have a trigger.
Goldfields (Victoria)
The Goldfields region of Victoria is a region associated with the Victorian gold rush in Australia. The term is used in both historical geography and tourism geography (in particular heritage tourism). The region is also known as the Victorian Golden Triangle.

Victorian gold rush
The Victorian gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia, approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s. It led to a period of extreme prosperity for the Australian colony and an influx of population growth and financial capital for Melbourne, which was dubbed "Marvellous Melbourne" as a result of the procurement of wealth.
Visu
Meenakshisundaram Ramasamy Viswanathan (1 July 1945  –  22 March 2020), best known by his stage name Visu, was an Indian screenwriter, film director, stage, film and television actor and talk-show host known for his work in Tamil theatre and film. Visu initially worked as an assistant to director K. Balachander until becoming a director himself. He later began acting, with his first notable film being Kudumbam Oru Kadambam (1981), directed by S. P. Muthuraman.

Kudumbam Oru Kadambam
Kudumbam Oru Kadambam (transl. Family is a Flower) is a 1981 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by S. P. Muthuraman. Based on Visu's play of the same name, the film stars Pratap, Suhasini, Sumalatha, S. Ve. Shekher and Visu reprising his role from the play. It was released on 5 December 1981. The film was remade in Kannada as Ananda Sagara (1983), in Telugu as Manishiko Charithra (1984), in Hindi as Aaj Ka Daur (1985), and in Malayalam as Oru Sandesam Koodi (1985).
Shyamala Gopalan Harris
Shyamala Gopalan Harris (born Gopalan Shyamala; December 7, 1938 – February 11, 2009) was an Indian-born American biomedical scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,  whose work in isolating and characterizing the progesterone receptor gene has stimulated advances in breast biology and oncology. She was the mother of Kamala Harris, the former vice president of the United States who also served as attorney general of California and senator, and Maya Harris, a lawyer and political commentator.

Maya Harris
Maya Lakshmi Harris (born January 30, 1967) is an American lawyer, public policy advocate, and writer. Harris was one of three senior policy advisors for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign's policy agenda and she also served as chair of the 2020 presidential campaign of her sister, Kamala Harris.

Harris was born in Champaign–Urbana, Illinois, and was educated at Bishop O'Dowd High School in Oakland, California, the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University. She was involved with PolicyLink, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Center for American Progress.
Delaware State Museum Buildings
Delaware State Museum Buildings, also known as Old Presbyterian Church Complex, is a historic museum complex located in Dover, Delaware. The complex consists of four buildings. They are the Old Presbyterian Church, brick chapel (1880), brick gas plant office building, and the Georgian-style Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building.  The Old Presbyterian Church was built in 1790, and is a two-story, three bay square brick early Federal style meeting house.  Buried in the adjacent cemetery are a number of prominent Delawareans including John M. Clayton (1796–1856) and John Haslet (c. 1727–1777).  The Eldridge Reeves Johnson Memorial Building houses the Johnson Victrola Museum.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

John M. Clayton
John Middleton Clayton (July 24, 1796 – November 9, 1856) was an American lawyer and politician from Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware and U.S. Secretary of State.
Francis Amenu
Francis Amenu (born ?) is a Ghanaian metallurgical engineer who also trained and ordained as a minister. He served in the Evangelical Presbyterian (E.P.) Church, Ghana. In 1999, he was assigned to serve Ghanaian congregations in London, United Kingdom. There in 2003, before returning to Africa, he founded the E.P. Church, UK.

In 2009 Amenu was elected as the first Moderator of the General Assembly of the Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana, after the gathering was changed from a General Synod. He is addressed as the Right Reverend. He served in that position until 2015. He also served as the Chairman of the Christian Council of Ghana beginning in 2013.

Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana
The Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana  (Ewe: Presbyteria Nyanyui Hame le Ghana, colloquially EP Church), is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in Ghana. It has strong roots in the Evangelical and Reformed traditions. The denomination’s Presbyterian sister church is the Presbyterian Church of Ghana.
Belgian First Division (women's handball)
The Handbal Eerste Klasse Nationale Vrouwen is the premier category of the Belgian women's handball national league. Established in 1964, it is currently contested by ten teams. The champion is currently granted a spot in the EHF Cup.

Fémina Visé and Initia Hasselt are the championship's most successful clubs with thirteen and twelve titles respectively as of 2025. Initia won ten titles in a row between 1986 and 1996 - and two more in 2015 and 2016 - while Fémina has been the competition's leading team since 1997.

Initia HC Hasselt
Initia Hasselt is a handball club from Hasselt, Belgium. They currently compete in the Belgian First Division, and is the most accomplished team in Belgium with 10 Women's championships and 13 men's championships.
Whitbread Engine
The Whitbread Engine preserved in the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia, built in 1785, is one of the first rotative steam engines ever built, and is the oldest surviving. A rotative engine is a type of beam engine where the reciprocating motion of the beam is converted to rotary motion, producing a continuous power source suitable for driving machinery.

This engine was designed by the mechanical engineer James Watt, of the firm Boulton and Watt, and originally installed in the Whitbread brewery in London, England. On decommissioning in 1887 it was sent to Australia's Powerhouse Museum (then known as the Technological, Industrial and Sanitary Museum) and has since been restored to full working order.

Boulton and Watt
Boulton & Watt was an early British engineering and manufacturing firm in the business of designing and making marine and stationary steam engines. Founded in the English West Midlands around Birmingham in 1775 as a partnership between the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton and the Scottish engineer James Watt, the firm had a major role in the Industrial Revolution and grew to be a major producer of steam engines in the 19th century.
Hayward, California
Hayward is a city in Alameda County, California, United States, in the East Bay subregion of the San Francisco Bay Area. With a population of 162,954 as of 2020, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the Bay Area, and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 36th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley, San Leandro and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge.

San Mateo–Hayward Bridge
The San Mateo–Hayward Bridge (commonly called the San Mateo Bridge) is a bridge crossing the American state of California's San Francisco Bay, linking the San Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay. The bridge's western end is in Foster City, a suburb on the eastern edge of San Mateo. The eastern end of the bridge is in Hayward. It is the longest fixed-link bridge in California and the 25th longest in the world. The bridge is owned by the state of California, and is maintained by California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the state highway agency. Further oversight is provided by the Bay Area Toll Authority (BATA).

The bridge is part of State Route 92 (SR 92), whose western terminus is at the city of Half Moon Bay on the Pacific coast. It links Interstate 880 (I-880) in the East Bay with U.S. Route 101 (US 101) on the peninsula. It is roughly parallel to, and lies between, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the Dumbarton Bridge.
Elys Ventura
Elys Saguil-Ventura (born 20 June 2001) is a New Zealand tennis player.

Ventura has a career high ITF junior combined ranking of 396 achieved in April 2019.

Ventura made her WTA main draw debut at the 2019 ASB Classic in the doubles draw partnering Valentina Ivanov.

Valentina Ivanov
Valentina Sergeyevna Ivanov (born 27 March 2001) is a New Zealand tennis player, although she has lived in Sydney since she was two years old.

Ivanov's mother Oksana (née Yarikova) was a member of the Uzbekistan Fed Cup team in 1995 and 1997, being joined in the latter by her younger sister Irina. The Uzbekistan team captain that year was Oksana's future husband (and Valentina's father), Sergey Ivanov. Valentina was coached by both parents until she was 12.

On the ITF Junior Circuit, Ivanov has a career-high combined ranking of 85, achieved on 2 April 2018.
Amos Bad Heart Bull
Amos Bad Heart Bull, also known as Waŋblí Wapȟáha (Eagle Bonnet; c. 1868–1913), was a noted Oglala Lakota artist in what is called Ledger Art. It is a style that adapts traditional Native American pictography to the new European medium of paper, and named for the accountants' ledger books, available from traders, used by the artists for their drawings and paintings.  He was also the tribal historian of the Oglala, as his father Bad Heart Bull (Tȟatȟáŋka Čhaŋtéšiča) was before him.

Ledger art
Ledger art is narrative drawing or painting on paper or cloth, predominantly practiced by Plains Indians but also from the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau and Great Basin. Ledger art flourished primarily from the 1860s to the 1920s. A revival of ledger art began in the 1960s and 1970s. The term comes from the accounting ledger books that were a common source of paper for Plains Indians during the late 19th century.

Battle exploits were the most frequently represented themes in ledger art. Many ledger artists documented the rapidly changing environment by portraying new technologies such as trains, as well as encounters with European Americans and American soldiers. Other themes such as religious practices, hunting, and courtship were also subjects.  Many ledger artists worked together with ethnologists, to document cultural information such as shield and tipi designs, winter counts, dances and regalia.
Battle of Kissingen
The Battle of Kissingen was a battle between Bavarian and Prussian troops on 10 July 1866 during the Austrian-Prussian War in and around the town of Kissingen (today: Bad Kissingen) in Bavaria. It was part of the campaign of the Main and ended with a victory of the Prussians.

Campaign of the Main
The Campaign of the Main (in German: Mainfeldzug) was a campaign of the Prussian Army in the area of the River Main against the allies of Austria in southern Germany during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866.
Karl Gordon Henize
Karl Gordon Henize (/ˈhɛnaɪz/; October 17, 1926 – October 5, 1993) was an American astronomer, space scientist, NASA astronaut, and professor at Northwestern University. He was stationed at several observatories around the world, including McCormick Observatory, Lamont–Hussey Observatory (South Africa), Mount Wilson Observatory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and Mount Stromlo Observatory (Australia). He was a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 15 and Skylab 2, 3, and 4. As a mission specialist on the Spacelab-2 mission (STS-51-F), he flew on Space Shuttle Challenger in July/August 1985. He was awarded the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal in 1974.

He died in 1993, during a Mount Everest expedition while testing equipment for NASA.

Skylab 3
Skylab 3 (also SL-3 and SLM-2) was the second crewed mission to the first American space station, Skylab. The mission began on July 28, 1973, with the launch of NASA astronauts Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma in the Apollo command and service module on the Saturn IB rocket, and lasted 59 days, 11 hours and 9 minutes. A total of 1,084.7 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by the Skylab 3 crew performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, and other experiments.

The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively.
Fused grid
The fused grid is a street network pattern first proposed in 2002 and subsequently applied in Calgary, Alberta (2006) and Stratford, Ontario (2004). It represents a synthesis of two well known and extensively used network concepts: the "grid" and the "Radburn" pattern, derivatives of which are found in most city suburbs. Both concepts were conscious attempts to organize urban space for habitation. The grid was conceived and applied in the pre-automotive era of cities starting circa 2000 BC and prevailed until about 1900 AD. The Radburn pattern emerged in 1929 about thirty years following the invention of the internal combustion engine powered automobile and in anticipation of its eventual dominance as a means for mobility and transport. Both these patterns appear throughout North America. "Fused" refers to a systematic recombination of the essential characteristics of each of these two network patterns.

Grid plan
In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run perpendicular (at right angles) to each other, forming a grid.

Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogonal geometry, facilitate movement. The geometry helps with orientation and wayfinding and its frequent intersections with the choice and directness of route to desired destinations.

In ancient Rome, the grid plan method of land measurement was called centuriation. The grid plan dates from antiquity and originated in multiple cultures; some of the earliest planned cities were built using grid plans in the Indian subcontinent.
Rubén Beloki
Rubén Beloki Irribarren, known as Beloki or Beloki I, is a Basque pelota defensive player, often considered one of the best in the history of the sport. He was born in Burlada on 8 August 1974. His brother Alberto Beloki is also a professional pelotari known as Beloki II.

Alberto Beloki
Alberto Beloki, also known as Beloki II, is a Basque pelota forward player, born in Burlada on 26 August 1978.
His brother Rubén Beloki is also a professional pelotari known as Beloki I, often considered one of the best in the history of the sport. 
The only major win recorded by Beloki II was the 2nd category Doubles-pelota championship in 2003.
Sana Amin Sheikh
Sana Amin Sheikh is an Indian actress and radio jockey, who appears mainly in Hindi television shows and films. Sana made her acting debut with Kya Mast Hai Life playing Ritu Shah. She has appeared in over 30 television serials, and has established herself among the most popular Television stars. Sana has played lead roles in shows including Jeet Jayenge Hum, Gustakh Dil, Million Dollar Girl, Bhootu Season 1, Krishnadasi and Perfect Pati among others. She played Antagonist/Supporting role in shows like Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi 3, Tere Shehar Mein, Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya. Amin made her Bollywood debut with Singham as Anjali Bhosle and has also played supporting parts in Table No. 21, Island City and Bamfaad.

Kya Mast Hai Life
Kya Mast Hai Life is an Indian teen sitcom television series which ran on Disney Channel India from 27 April 2009 to 7 July 2010. The series produced by Sol Productions had 130 episodes. The show focused on the lives of five college friends: Ragini ('Rags'), Zeeshan ('Zee'), Zenia, Ritu ('Rits') and Vir.
Ferozi FC
Perrozi Football Club, also known as Ferozi (formerly Kabul Bank FC), is a professional football club based in Kabul, Afghanistan, currently competing in the Afghanistan Champions League. They previously competed in the Kabul Premier League (KPL) and the Afghan Premier League. They were the KPL runners-up in 2007.

2007 Kabul Premier League
2007 Kabul Premier League was the second season of the Kabul Premier League. 12 teams competed and the defending champion Ordu Kabul F.C. topped in the table once again by winning 10 out of the 11 games played. Kabul Bank F.C. finished second, winning 9 out of the 11 games played. They lost one game while one of their matches ended in a draw.
Swiftair Flight 5960
Swiftair Flight 5960 (operating as European Air Transport Leipzig Flight 18D) was an international cargo flight that crashed early in the morning on 25 November 2024 while on final approach to Vilnius Airport. The aircraft, a Boeing 737-400, was flying from Leipzig/Halle Airport in Leipzig, Germany, to Vilnius Airport in Vilnius, Lithuania, when it crashed into the ground short of the runway and came to a stop near a two-story house in Liepkalnis. The captain was killed in the accident and the other three were injured. No one on the ground was injured.

Vilnius Airport
Vilnius Čiurlionis International Airport (IATA: VNO, ICAO: EYVI) (Lithuanian: Tarptautinis Vilniaus Čiurlionio oro uostas) is the airport of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. It is located 5.9 km (3.7 mi) south of the city center. It is the largest of the three commercial airports in Lithuania by passenger traffic, with one runway and 5 million passengers a year. It is the 2nd-busiest airport in the Baltic states (after Riga), 17th-busiest airport in post-Soviet states as well as one of Top 100 busiest airports in Europe. Vilnius International Airport serves as a base for airBaltic, Ryanair, and Wizz Air. The airport is managed by Joint Stock Company Lithuanian Airports under the Ministry of Transport and Communications. It is the 96th busiest airport in Europe. In honor of Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, the airport was renamed to Vilnius Čiurlionis International Airport (Lithuanian: Tarptautinis Vilniaus Čiurlionio oro uostas) from 1 January 2025, to 31 December 2029.
Civil War token
Civil War tokens are token coins that were privately minted and distributed in the United States between 1861 and 1864. They were used mainly in the Northeast and Midwest. The widespread use of the tokens was a result of the scarcity of government-issued cents during the Civil War.

Civil War tokens became illegal after the United States Congress passed a law on April 22, 1864, prohibiting the issue of any one or two-cent coins, tokens or devices for use as currency. On June 8, 1864, an additional law was passed that forbade all private coinage.

Civil War tokens are divided into three types: store cards, patriotic tokens, and sutler tokens. All three types were utilized as currency, and are differentiated by their designs. The collectible value of the tokens is primarily determined by their condition and rarity.

Sutler
A sutler or victualer is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army in the field, in camp, or in quarters. Sutlers sold wares from the back of a wagon or a temporary tent, traveling with an army or to remote military outposts. Sutler wagons were associated with the military, while chuckwagons served a similar purpose for civilian wagon trains and outposts.
Love Land (China)
Love Land (Chinese: 重庆性公园; lit. 'Chongqing sex theme park') would have been the first sex theme park in China; the PRC Government suspended its construction in Chongqing in May 2009 and ordered it demolished for being vulgar and explicit. The park was to include displays of giant genitalia and naked bodies, and host an exhibition on the history of human sexuality along with sex technique workshops.

The theme park was originally due to be opened in October 2009, but was demolished in May 2009, as it was deemed to be a negative influence on Chinese society. The attraction would have been near Foreigners' Street, an amusement park that includes the world's largest toilet, the Porcelain Palace, which itself was purged of anything seen as vulgar by the Chinese authorities.

Porcelain Palace
Porcelain Palace is a large public toilet complex at the Foreigners' Street amusement park in the city of Chongqing, China.

The facade of the complex was inspired by ancient Egyptian art. A toilet complex to the south is in the distinctive style of the Spanish Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi. The complex contains a total of more than 1,000 toilets and urinals making it the largest toilet complex in the world.

The massive toilet edifice is more than 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) in size and has been submitted by Chinese authorities to the Guinness Book of World Records.

The Porcelain Palace has been purged of artworks and facilities seen as vulgar by the Chinese authorities. The Love Land sex theme park attraction would have been near the Porcelain Palace and Foreigners' Street. This was due to be opened in 2009, but was demolished by the authorities before it actually opened.
Frederick Wilhelmsen
Frederick D. "Fritz" Wilhelmsen (18 May 1923 — 21 May 1996) was an American Catholic philosopher known for his explication and advancement of the Thomistic tradition. He also was a political commentator, assessing American politics and society from a traditionalist perspective, and a political thinker, addressing what he perceived to be the failings of secular liberal democracy. He principally was a professor at the University of Dallas from 1965 to his death in 1996. He also taught at the University of Santa Clara, the Al-Hikma University in Baghdad, the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, and lectured and taught classes at many other universities. His Spanish students called him "Don Federico" while his American students called him "Fritz."

University of Dallas
The University of Dallas is a private Catholic university in Irving, Texas, United States. Established in 1956, it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The university comprises three academic units: the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts, the Constantin College of Liberal Arts, and the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business. Dallas offers several master's degree programs and a doctoral degree program with three concentrations. As of 2017, there were 136 full-time faculty and 102 part-time faculty.