hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Caen (1450)
The siege of Caen  took place in 1450 during the Hundred Years' War, as part of the Normandy campaign of 1449–1450, when French forces laid siege to Caen in the English-occupied Normandy following their decisive victory at the Battle of Formigny.

After Formigny, the remnants of the English Army under Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset withdrew to Caen, pursued by the much larger French army commanded by Arthur de Richemont, Constable of France. After three weeks of siege Somerset surrendered. English control of Normandy rapidly collapsed, ending with the loss of Cherbourg in August.

Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, 4th Earl of Somerset, 1st Earl of Dorset, 1st Marquess of Dorset styled 1st Count of Mortain, (1406 – 22 May 1455), was an English nobleman and an important figure during the Hundred Years' War. His rivalry with Richard, Duke of York, was a leading cause of the Wars of the Roses.
Dress Gray
Dress Gray is a 1986 American television miniseries starring Alec Baldwin, Lloyd Bridges and Hal Holbrook. The program, about a cadet at a West Point-like military academy who investigates the murder of a fellow cadet, was adapted for the screen by Gore Vidal from the novel of the same name by Lucian Truscott IV. Dress Gray originally aired March 9–10, 1986 on NBC.

Lloyd Bridges
Lloyd Vernet Bridges Jr. (January 15, 1913 – March 10, 1998) was an American film, stage and television actor who starred in a number of television series and appeared in more than 150 feature films. He was the father of four children, including the actors Beau Bridges and Jeff Bridges. He started his career as a contract performer for Columbia Pictures, appearing in films such as Sahara (1943), A Walk in the Sun (1945), Little Big Horn (1951) and High Noon (1952). On television, he starred in Sea Hunt (1958–1961). By the end of his career, he had re-invented himself and demonstrated a comedic talent in such parody films as Airplane! (1980), Hot Shots! (1991), and Jane Austen's Mafia! (1998). Among other honors, Bridges was a two-time Emmy Award nominee. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 1, 1994.
Serius Jones
Saleem Bligen, known professionally as Serius Jones, is an American rapper from New Jersey who performs freestyle battles. Jones won 12 consecutive battles at New York's Monday Night Fight Klub before facing and beating former Fight Klub King Jin The MC to become MTV's all-time Fight Klub Champion. Jones independently released King Me in 2006, followed by Serius Bizness in 2008 and Why So Serius? in 2009.

MC Jin
Jin Au-Yeung is an American-born Hong Kong rapper, songwriter, actor and comedian. Jin is notable for being the first Asian American solo rapper to be signed to a major record label in the United States.
João Lucas & Marcelo
João Lucas & Marcelo (also is João Lucas e Marcelo) is a sertanejo style Brazilian singing duo formed in 2010. João Lucas (born in 1980 in Miranorte, Tocantins) is a vocalist and multi-instrumentalist. Marcelo (born 1986 in Cáceres, Mato Grosso) is main vocalist, and a songwriter who has written songs for Vitor e Léo, Luan Santana, Fernando e Sorocaba and others. They are most famous for their hit "Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha". The song's choreography was re-enacted by Brazilian football (soccer) player Neymar celebrating his hundredth career goal. The song reached Top 10 of Brasil Hot 100 Airplay. The song has become famous again through edits of the Spanish footballer Lamine Yamal on TikTok.

Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha
"Eu Quero Tchu, Eu Quero Tcha" (I Want Tchu, I Want Tcha), full title "Eu Quero Tchu Eu Quero Tcha (Tchu Tcha Tcha)" is a single by Brazilian Sertanejo universitário duo João Lucas & Marcelo, released in 2012, and written by Shylton Fernandes. The song was a hit in Brazil, following the success of similar songs such as Michel Teló's "Ai Se Eu Te Pego" and Gusttavo Lima's "Balada", though not as successful in Europe as them.
Citation Style Language
The Citation Style Language (CSL) is an open XML file format that describes schema for the formatting of citations and bibliographies. Reference management programs using CSL include Zotero, Mendeley and Papers.  The Pandoc lightweight document conversion system also supports citations in CSL, YAML, and JSON formats and can render these using any of the CSL styles listed in the Zotero Style Repository.

Mendeley
Mendeley is a reference manager software founded in 2007 by PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, Jan Reichelt and acquired by the Dutch academic publishing company Elsevier in 2013. It is used to manage and share research papers and to generate bibliographies for scholarly articles.
Édouard Guillaud
Édouard François Jean-Louis Guillaud (French: [edwaʁ ɡijo]; born 10 July 1953) is a French retired admiral who served as Chief of the Defence Staff from 2010 to 2014. He devoted a significant part of his career to the design of the Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier, the flagship of the French Navy, and eventually captained it as its first commanding officer at sea. Prior to his appointment at the general staff headquarters of the Armed Forces, Guillaud served as Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic from 2006 to 2010.

Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic
The Chief of the Military Staff of the President of the Republic (French: Chef d'état-major particulier du président de la République) is a role in the military and government of France, heading the President's military staff until the present Fifth Republic.
Temper Temper (duo)
Temper Temper were an English musical duo active in the early 1990s whose members were songwriter/producer Eric Gooden (of Sweet Mercy) and singer Melanie Williams.

Gooden and Williams were previously known as the duo No Sovereign who released the single "Showdown" in 1987 on Geffen Records.

The duo released their only album, the self-titled Temper Temper in 1991. It contains the single "Talk Much" which briefly registered on the UK Singles Chart.

Sweet Mercy
Sweet Mercy are an English house music duo formed in the late 1980s, consisting of Eric Gooden and Eric Powell. In 1992 in Manchester, the duo founded their own house and techno record label, Bush Records.

Their single "Happy Days" featuring singer Joe Roberts charted on the UK Singles Chart in early 1996.

Also in 1996, under the alias 6 by Six, the duo scored a UK chart hit with "Into Your Heart".

The vocals of singer Rowetta in the duo's 1990 song "Reach Out" has been sampled by many artists such as the Black Eyed Peas, Slam, Peshay, DJ Zinc, Todd Terry, Matrix & Futurebound, Steve Angello, Laidback Luke and Oliver Heldens. In 2008, "Reach Out" was remixed and re-released with mixes by J Nitti, Peter Presta and Mobin Master, among others.
Instant Mom
Instant Mom is an American sitcom created by Jessica Butler and Warren Bell and developed by Howard Michael Gould for the NickMom block on the Nick Jr. Channel. It stars Tia Mowry as a stepmother of three children alongside her husband. Michael Boatman, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Sydney Park, Tylen Jacob Williams, and Damarr Calhoun co-star in supporting roles.

The series first aired on September 29, 2013, on both Nickelodeon's Nick at Nite block (at 8:30 p.m.) and the NickMom block (at 10:30 p.m.). The debut was the highest-rated premiere in the history of both blocks. On November 22, 2013, the series was renewed for a second season of 20 episodes. It was renewed for a third season on September 9, 2014. Nickelodeon announced on October 21, 2015, that Instant Mom wouldn't extend beyond its third season and would end its run with the 65 episodes produced. The third season premiered first on another Viacom-owned channel, TV Land.

Michael Boatman
Michael Patrick Boatman (born October 25, 1964) is an American actor and writer. He is known for his roles as New York City mayoral aide Carter Heywood in the ABC sitcom Spin City, as U.S. Army Specialist Samuel Beckett in the ABC drama series China Beach, as 101st Airborne soldier Motown in the Vietnam War movie Hamburger Hill, and as sports agent Stanley Babson in the HBO sitcom Arli$$. He also starred in The Good Fight, the Paramount+ spin-off of The Good Wife.
Drahomíra
Drahomíra of Stodor (Czech: Drahomíra ze Stodor; c. 877 or 890 – died after 934 or 936) was Duchess consort of Bohemia from 915 to 921, wife of the Přemyslid duke Vratislaus I. She also acted as regent of the Duchy of Bohemia from 921 to 924 during the minority of her son Wenceslaus. She is chiefly known for the murder of her mother-in-law Ludmila of Bohemia by hired assassins.

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (Czech: Václav [ˈvaːtslaf] ⓘ; c. 907 – 28 September 935), Wenceslas I or Václav the Good was the Prince (kníže) of Bohemia from 921 until his death, probably in 935.  According to the legend, he was assassinated by his younger brother, Boleslaus the Cruel.

His martyrdom and the popularity of several biographies gave rise to a reputation for heroic virtue that resulted in his sainthood. He was posthumously declared to be a king and patron saint of the Czech state. He is the subject of the well-known "Good King Wenceslas", a carol for Saint Stephen's Day.
Ran Danker
Ran Danker (Hebrew: רן דנקר; born Khalil Yosef Danker on January 7, 1984) is an Israeli–American actor, singer and model. He starred in hit Israeli series such as HaShir Shelanu (2004–2007), The Gordin Cell (2012–2015), Miguel (2018) and more. Danker received an Ophir Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Eyes Wide Open (2009). Danker was also nominated for an Ophir Award for Best Actor for his role in Doubtful (2017).

HaShir Shelanu
HaShir Shelanu (Hebrew: השיר שלנו, lit. Our Song) was an Israeli daily musical drama starring Ninet Tayeb that took place for four seasons on the "Yes" Israeli Cinema channel of the yes satellite TV provider and repeating on Channel 2. The first episode was broadcast in March 2004, The last episode was broadcast in April 2007.
Jane Curtin
Jane Therese Curtin (born September 6, 1947) is an American actress and comedian.

First coming to prominence as an original cast member on the hit TV comedy series Saturday Night Live in 1975, she went on to win back-to-back Emmy Awards for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series on the 1980s sitcom Kate & Allie portraying the role of Allison "Allie" Lowell. Curtin later starred in the hit series 3rd Rock from the Sun (1996–2001), playing the role of Dr. Mary Albright.

Curtin has also appeared in many movie roles, including Charlene in The Librarian series of movies (2004–2008). She reprised one of her Saturday Night Live characters, Prymaat (Clorhone) Conehead, in the 1993 film Coneheads. She is sometimes referred to as the "Queen of Deadpan". The Philadelphia Inquirer once called her a "refreshing drop of acid". She was included on a 1986 list of the "Top Prime Time Actors and Actresses of All Time".

3rd Rock from the Sun
3rd Rock from the Sun is an American television sitcom created by Bonnie and Terry Turner, which originally aired from January 9, 1996, to May 22, 2001, on NBC. The show is about four extraterrestrials who are on an expedition to Earth, the third planet from the Sun, which they consider to be a very insignificant planet. The extraterrestrials pose as a human family to observe the behavior of human beings. The series was produced by The Carsey-Werner Company.

The show premiered three years after the film Coneheads, which was also written by the Turners, and featured a similar premise of extraterrestrials arriving on Earth and assimilating into American society.
Advanced microwave sounding unit
The advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) is a multi-channel microwave radiometer installed on meteorological satellites.  The instrument examines several bands of microwave radiation from the atmosphere to perform atmospheric sounding of temperature and moisture levels.

Microwave humidity sounder
The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a five-channel passive microwave radiometer, with channels from 89 to 190 GHz. It is very similar in design to the AMSU-B instrument, but some channel frequencies have been altered. It is used to study profiles of atmospheric water vapor and provide improved input data to the cloud-clearing algorithms in the IR and MW sounder suites. Instruments were launched on NOAA's  POES satellite series starting with NOAA-18 launched in May 2005 and the European Space Agency's MetOp series starting with MetOp-A launched in October 2006, continuing with MetOp-B launched in September 2012 and Metop-C launched in November 2018. The follow on instrument to MHS is MWS on the Metop-SGA satellites.

The Microwave Humidity Sounder was designed and developed by Astrium EU in Portsmouth, UK, under contract to EUMETSAT.
Mandsaur district
Mandsaur district (Hindi pronunciation: [mən̪d̪.sɔːɾ]) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Mandsaur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The ancient Pashupatinath temple is situated in Mandsaur. Large quantities of opium are produced in Mandsaur district.Mandsaur district is located western part of Madhya Pradesh.

Mandsaur
Mandsaur is a city and a municipality in Mandsaur district located on the border of Mewar and Malwa regions of Madhya Pradesh, a state in Central India. It is the administrative headquarters of Mandsaur District. The ancient Pashupatinath Temple is located in Mandsaur. Later come under Gwalior state Which was 2nd biggest state. Mandsaur is famous for its opium farming.
Shea Whigham
Shea Whigham (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor best known for portraying Elias "Eli" Thompson in the drama series Boardwalk Empire. He also appeared in the first season of True Detective and the third season of Fargo and in numerous films, including Silver Linings Playbook, The Wolf of Wall Street, and Joker.

Eli Thompson (Boardwalk Empire)
Elias "Eli" Thompson is a fictional character in the HBO TV show Boardwalk Empire where he was portrayed by Shea Whigham and, in flashbacks in season 5, Ryan Dinning and Oakes Fegley.

He is the younger brother of the protagonist of the series, Nucky Thompson (portrayed by Steve Buscemi). Nucky is based on real-life Atlantic City politician Enoch L. Johnson, while Eli is based on his brother and real-life Sheriff of Atlantic City Alfred "Alf" Johnson.
Tommy Trinder
Thomas Edward Trinder (24 March 1909 – 10 July 1989) was an English stage, screen and radio comedian whose catchphrase was "You lucky people!". Described by cultural historian Matthew Sweet as "a cocky, front-of-cloth variety turn", he was one of the United Kingdom's foremost entertainers during the Second World War.

Known for his confident and direct style of comedy, Trinder first found recognition with his music hall revues in the late 1930s. During the war, he worked for ENSA and maintained a successful film career, starring in a string of Ealing Studios films including Sailors Three (1940), Champagne Charlie (1944) and Bitter Springs (1950). During the 1950s, Trinder became a television star, notably as the original host of Sunday Night at the London Palladium (1955–1958). In 1959, he became chairman of Fulham Football Club, a position he maintained until 1976. He continued to perform into the 1980s.

Tonight at the London Palladium
Tonight at the London Palladium is a British television variety show that is hosted from the London Palladium theatre in the West End. Originally produced by ATV for the ITV network from 1955 to 1969, it went by its original name Sunday Night at the London Palladium from 25 September 1955 until the name was changed to The London Palladium Show from 1966 to 2 February 1969.

It underwent three revivals, first from 28 October 1973 to 14 April 1974 where it retained its Sunday Night at the London Palladium title, second in 2000 under the title Tonight at the London Palladium, and third from 2014 until 2015 under the title Sunday Night at the Palladium, dropping London. From 2016, the show is called Tonight at the London Palladium and is presented by Bradley Walsh.

A one-off Sunday Night at the London Palladium was screened to mark Bruce Forsyth's 70th birthday in February 1998.
Belal Muhammad
Belal Muhammad (born July 9, 1988) is an American professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Welterweight Champion. As of February 3, 2026, he is #4 in the UFC welterweight rankings. A professional since 2012, he has also competed for Bellator and Titan FC.

Vicente Luque
Vicente Catta Preta Luque (born November 27, 1991) is a Brazilian and American professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
Fallacies of distributed computing
The fallacies of distributed computing are a set of assertions made by L. Peter Deutsch and others at Sun Microsystems describing false assumptions that programmers new to distributed applications invariably make.

L. Peter Deutsch
L Peter Deutsch (born Laurence Peter Deutsch on August 7, 1946, in Boston, Massachusetts) is an American computer scientist and composer. He is the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and creator of Ghostscript, a free software PostScript and PDF interpreter.

Deutsch's other work includes the Smalltalk implementation that inspired Java just-in-time compilation technology about 15 years later.
1975 Masters Tournament
The 1975 Masters Tournament was the 39th Masters Tournament, held April 10–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.

Jack Nicklaus won his fifth Masters and thirteenth major title, one stroke ahead of runners-up Johnny Miller and Tom Weiskopf. At age 40, Lee Elder became the first African-American to compete at the tournament, but missed the cut by four strokes.

The 1975 Masters is widely considered to be one of the greatest majors ever, with three great players at the peak of their games dueling in a thrilling Sunday finish.

Had a playoff been required, it would have been a full 18-hole round on Monday. Prior to the next Masters in 1976, a sudden-death format was introduced and was first used in 1979.

Nicklaus won his sixth green jacket eleven years later in 1986 at age 46.

Johnny Miller
John Laurence Miller (born April 29, 1947) is an American former professional golfer. He was one of the top players in the world during the mid-1970s. He was the first to shoot 63 in a major championship to win the 1973 U.S. Open, and he ranked second in the world on Mark McCormack's world golf rankings in both 1974 and 1975 behind Jack Nicklaus. Miller won 25 PGA Tour events, including two majors. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1998. He was the lead golf analyst for NBC Sports, a position he held from January 1990 to February 2019. He is also an active golf course architect.
Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally
The Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally (French: Parti Progressiste Nigérien-Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, PPN–RDA) was a political party in Niger. It was the nation's leading political party of the pre-independence era, becoming the sole legal party of the First Republic (1960–1974). It was led by Niger's first President, Hamani Diori. After the end of military rule, the party reappeared as a minor parliamentary party led by Diori's son, Abdoulaye Hamani Diori.

Abdoulaye Hamani Diori
Abdoulaye Diori Hamani (29 December 1945 – 25 April 2011) was a Nigerien political leader and businessman. The son of Niger's first President, he waged a political and abortive military struggle against the Military regime that overthrew his father. With the return of democracy to Niger, Abdoulaye became head of his father's political party, and maintained a small but influential place in the political life of Niger until his death in 2011. Abdoulaye was married with four children: Ibrahim, Abdel Karim, Aboukar, Souleymane. A Muslim, he earned the honorific 'Hadji' after making the pilgrimage to Mecca. He died 25 April 2011 at National Hospital in Niamey, aged 65, following an illness.
Ernst Rexer
Ernst Rexer (2 April 1902 – 14 May 1983) was a German nuclear physicist and a professor of physics at the Dresden University of Technology.

Initially part of the German Uranverein, he was one of many German nuclear physicists at the Soviet program of nuclear weapons while in Soviet custody in Russia until his repatriation to Germany in 1956.

Kurt Diebner
Kurt Diebner (13 May 1905 – 13 July 1964) was a German nuclear physicist who is well known for directing and administering parts of the German nuclear weapons program, a secretive program aiming to build nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany during World War II. He was appointed the project's administrative director after Adolf Hitler authorized it.

Diebner was also the director of the Nuclear Research Council and a Reich Planning Officer for the German Army until its surrender to Allied Powers in 1945. After the war, he was incarcerated in the United Kingdom and repatriated back to West Germany in early 1946. Shortly after his return, he became director and joint owner of DURAG-Apparatebau GmbH, and was a member of the supervisory board of the Gesellschaft zur Kernenergieverwertung in Schiffbau und Schiffahrt m.b.H
Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Marlow (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/ MAR-loh), historically Great Marlow or Chipping Marlow, is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Buckinghamshire, England, 4 miles (6 km) south-southwest of High Wycombe, 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Maidenhead and 33 miles (53 km) west of central London.

Court Garden, Marlow
Court Garden in Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England, is a Grade II* listed building on the National Heritage List for England. It was built as a house in about 1758 by Dr William Battie, an eminent physician. It was sold in 1776 to Richard Davenport and remained in the Davenport family until 1894. It was then sold and became the home of the Griffin family for the next thirty years. The house and gardens were bought by public subscription in 1926, with the grounds being made a public park called Higginson Park. Since 1934 the house itself has served as council offices and as a venue for special events.
Santomeri
Santomeri (Greek: Σαντομέρι) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Olenia, Achaea, Greece. It is located on the northern end of Mount Skollis, 5 km north of Portes,  18 km south of Kato Achaia and 32 km southwest of Patras. The community includes the villages Ampelakia and Polylofo.

Skollis
Skollis (Greek: Σκόλλις), also known as Santameri, is a mountain in southwestern Achaea in the Peloponnese in western Greece. Its elevation is 1,016 metres (3,333 ft). It is situated between the villages Santomeri to the north and  Portes to the south.
Rajaditya Chola
Rajaditya Chola (fl. mid-10th century AD) was a Chola prince, son of king Parantaka I (r. 907–955) and a Chera princess ( Ko Kizhan Adigal), known for commanding the Chola troops in the battle of Takkolam (948–949).

The death of prince Rajaditya in the battle is unusually commemorated by the Cholas. The Chola version of the events can be found in Larger Leiden Grant (1006 AD) of Rajaraja I and Tiruvalangadu Plates (1018 AD) of Rajendra Chola. An account of the battle, which differs in some details from the Chola version, is found in the Atakur inscription issued by Krishna III and prince Butuga II (a young underlord of Krishna III) of the Western Ganga family. The Shravanabelagola record of Ganga king Marasimha (963 - 975 AD) also claims victory of the Chera king for his predecessor Bhutuga II. Indirect references to the battle can also be found in the inscriptions of Vellan Kumaran, a Chera commander in the Chola army.

Parantaka I
Parantaka Chola I (Tamil: பராந்தக சோழன்; 873–955) was the Chola emperor from 907 until his death in 955. During his 48-year long reign, he annexed the Pandyas by defeating Rajasimhan II, and in the Deccan won the Battle of Vallala against Rashtrakutas in 911.