hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hyperkeratosis
Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin, and is usually accompanied by an increase in the granular layer. As the corneum layer normally varies greatly in thickness in different sites, some experience is needed to assess minor degrees of hyperkeratosis.

It can be caused by vitamin A deficiency or chronic exposure to arsenic.

Hyperkeratosis can also be caused by B-Raf inhibitor drugs such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib.

It can be treated with urea-containing creams, which dissolve the intercellular matrix of the cells of the stratum corneum, promoting desquamation of scaly skin, eventually resulting in softening of hyperkeratotic areas.

Keratin
Keratin (/ˈkɛrətɪn/) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales, hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, and the outer layer of skin in tetrapod vertebrates. Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. Keratin is extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and form strong unmineralized epidermal appendages found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals.  Excessive keratinization participate in fortification of certain tissues such as in horns of cattle and rhinos, and armadillos' osteoderm. The only other biological matter known to approximate the toughness of keratinized tissue is chitin.
Keratin comes in two types: the primitive, softer forms found in all vertebrates and the harder, derived forms found only among sauropsids (reptiles and birds).
Savran (Hasidic dynasty)
Savran  is a Hasidic dynasty founded by Rebbe Moshe Zvi Giterman. Savran is a town in present-day Ukraine.

The previous Admor of Savran was Rebbe Yissakhar Dov Hager of Har Nof, Jerusalem (died in 2013). He was a renowned Torah Scholar and served as a Dayan on the Jerusalem Rabbinic Court. He was the son in law of Rabbi Avraham Leib Klein who served as the Mashgiach of the Rizhner Yeshiva in Jerusalem.

In 2013, he was succeeded by his second eldest son, Rebbe Yitzchak Meir Hager, as Savraner Rebbe. The Rebbe lived few years in Ashdod but used to come to Jerusalem every Shabbat and Yom Tov to conduct prayer services and Tishim in the Beis Medrash of his late father. He often visited throughout the week to deliver Torah classes as well as conduct meeting where he councils individuals. He serves as a Dayan on the Ashdod "HaYashar V'Hatov" Beis Din.

The Savraner Rebbe is currently living in Har Nof, Jerusalem.

Moshe Zvi of Savran
Moshe Zvi Giterman of Savran (1775–1837) was the first Rebbe of Savran (Hasidic dynasty) and an influential Hasidic leader in western Ukraine, whose following numbered in the thousands.

His father, Rabbi Shimon Shlomo (I), was the Maggid of Savran and a disciple of Dovber of Mezeritch, the primary disciple of the Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidic Judaism. Moshe Zvi was a disciple of his father, and also of Rabbi Levi Yitschok of Berditchev and Rabbi Boruch of Mezhbizh. After his father's death in 1802, Moshe Zvi took over his position as the Maggid of Savran. Moshe Zvi went on to become the Rabbi of Berditchev after the death of Rabbi Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev, and later became the Rabbi of the towns of Uman and Kishinev as well. He had thousands of chasidim in Volhynia and Bessarabia.

Moshe Zvi's Torah insights were collected and printed in the book, Likutey Shoshanim. His son, Shimon Shlomo (II), succeeded him as Savraner Rebbe.
Galerie des machines
The Galerie des machines (officially: Palais des machines) was a pavilion built for the 1889 Exposition Universelle in Paris. Located in the Grenelle district, the huge pavilion was made of iron, steel and glass. It was built by the engineer Victor Contamin  and the architect Ferdinand Dutert.

A similarly-named structure was erected for the 1878 Exposition Universelle, but the 1889 version was by far the largest vaulted building to have yet been built. It was reused for the 1900 Exposition Universelle as the Palace of Agriculture and Food (officially: Palais de l'Agriculture et des Aliments), and later used as a velodrome, agricultural exhibition hall and for other purposes and was  demolished in 1910 to open up the view along the Champ de Mars.

Victor Contamin
Victor Contamin (1840–1893) was a French structural engineer, an expert on the strength of materials such as iron and steel.
He is known for the Galerie des machines of the Exposition Universelle in Paris.
He also pioneered the use of reinforced concrete.
Colea Vâlcov
Nicolae 'Colea' Vâlcov (23 February 1909 – 31 March 1970) was a Romanian football player and manager.

Vâlcov was born in Bolgrad, Russian Empire. He was part of the famous offensive line of Venus București in the 1930s, together with his brothers, Petea and Volodea. He was arguably the most talented of the three, with a great header (his most feared weapon) and good anticipation in front of the goal.

The three brothers, originally from Bessarabia, are included in the list of the greatest football players in the history of club football Venus București.

Two of his brothers had final tragics. First, Petea died on the front in 1943 World War II, on the eastern front, fighting the Soviets, And almost over a decade, Volodea died of tuberculosis. Senior Colea was the most longevity. Once after his footballer career, he became a coach for Romania, Steaua București and Dinamo București.

He was the second manager in the history of Steaua București.

Petea Vâlcov
Petre "Petea" Vâlcov (1910 – 16 November 1943) was a Romanian football player. Forming a well-known attacking triple for Venus București alongside his two brothers, Colea and Volodea, he was one of the most efficient goal-scorers in the Romanian First League.
Miss Kittin
Caroline Hervé (born 15 July 1973), known professionally as Miss Kittin, is a French electronic music producer, DJ, singer, and songwriter. Since rising to prominence in 1998 for her singles "1982" and "Frank Sinatra" with The Hacker, she has worked with other musicians such as Chicks on Speed, Felix da Housecat and Golden Boy. She released her debut solo album I Com in 2004, a second, BatBox, in 2008, and a third, Calling from the Stars, in 2013. She achieved international popularity with the singles "Rippin Kittin" and "Silver Screen Shower Scene".

Silver Screen Shower Scene
"Silver Screen Shower Scene" is the first single from Felix da Housecat's album Kittenz and Thee Glitz.  Co-written with Dave Jenefsky a.k.a. The Hustler, T. Lorello a.k.a. Tommie Sunshine, and Felix himself, it features French electronic musician Miss Kittin on vocals. Miss Kittin included the Laurent Garnier remix on her DJ mix album On the Road. The song melody is sampled from "Passion" by The Flirts.
Harry Fender
Clarence "Harry" Fender (1896–1995) was an entertainer and detective who performed in Florenz Ziegfeld shows such as Kid Boots and later hosted the St. Louis children's television program Captain 11's Showboat.

Captain 11's Showboat
Captain 11's Showboat was a locally produced children's program, based in St. Louis, Missouri, airing on KPLR-TV, Channel 11 during the late-afternoon hours, starting in May 1959, and ending in August 1968.

Captain 11, named after the channel, was portrayed by former Broadway actor and longtime St. Louis radio personality Harry Fender. The Captain 11 character was reminiscent of Mark Twain. JoJo the Cook, who was played by Joe Cusanelli, was Captain 11's sidekick.

The show was 90 minutes long. The program was best known for airing Three Stooges shorts to viewers in the St. Louis area. Moe Howard, Joe DeRita, and Larry Fine made appearances on the show.
Daylesford Spa Country Railway
The Daylesford Spa Country Railway (which is operated by the Central Highlands Tourist Railway) is a volunteer-operated 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge tourist railway located in Victoria, Australia. It operates on a section of the closed and dismantled Daylesford line, and currently runs services between Daylesford and the hamlet of Bullarto.

Daylesford, Victoria
Daylesford is a town located in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range, within the Shire of Hepburn, Victoria, Australia, approximately 114 kilometres north-west of Melbourne. First established in 1852 as a gold mining town, Daylesford had a population of 2,781 at the 2021 census.

As one of Australia's few spa towns, Daylesford is a notable tourist destination. The town's numerous spas, restaurants and galleries are popular alongside the many gardens and country-house-conversion styled bed and breakfasts.

The broader area around the town, including Hepburn Springs to the north, is known for its natural spring mineral spas and is the location of over 80 per cent of Australia's effervescent mineral water reserve.

It is also the filming location for the third season of The Saddle Club, the twenty first season of The Block and scenes from the 2004 film Love's Brother.
Leonard P. Zakim
Leonard Paul Zakim (November 17, 1953 – December 2, 1999) was a Jewish American religious and civil rights leader in Boston. Zakim died in 1999 after a five-year battle with bone-marrow cancer. Boston's Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge was named in his honor.

Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge
The Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge (/ˈzeɪkəm/; also known as "The Zakim") is a cable-stayed bridge completed in 2003 across the Charles River in Boston, Massachusetts. It replaces the Charlestown High Bridge, an older truss bridge constructed in the 1950s.

The bridge and connecting tunnel were built as part of the Big Dig, the largest highway construction project in the United States. The bridge's unique styling quickly became an icon for Boston, often featured in the backdrop of national news channels, to establish location, and included on tourist souvenirs. The bridge is commonly referred to as the "Zakim Bridge" or "Bunker Hill Bridge" by residents of nearby Charlestown.

The Leverett Circle Connector Bridge was constructed in conjunction with the Zakim Bridge, allowing some traffic to bypass it.
Cotton Fitzsimmons
Lowell Gibbs "Cotton" Fitzsimmons (October 7, 1931 – July 24, 2004) was an American college and NBA basketball coach. A native of Bowling Green, Missouri, he attended and played basketball at Hannibal-LaGrange Junior College in Hannibal, Missouri and Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. He coached the Phoenix Suns three times, was named the NBA Coach of the Year twice, and is often credited as the architect of the Suns' success of the late 1980s and early to middle 1990s. Fitzsimmons won 1,089 games in his coaching career: 223 games at the junior college level, 34 at the Division I college level and 832 in the NBA.

On May 16, 2021, it was announced that Fitzsimmons was elected to the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame. The Class of 2021 enshrinement ceremony occurred on September 11, 2021.

Midwestern State University
Midwestern State University (MSU Texas) is a public liberal arts university in Wichita Falls, Texas. As of fall 2025, MSU Texas enrolled 5,287 students. It is the state's only public institution focused on the liberal arts.
Thasus
In Greek mythology, Thasus or Thasos (/ˈθeɪsəs/ or /ˈθeɪzəs/; Ancient Greek: Θάσος) was a son of Poseidon (or, in other versions, Agenor, Phoenix or Cilix). He was a Phoenician prince and one of those who set out from Phoenicia in search of Europa (Thasus' sister). His brother, Cadmus, gave him a part of the army and left him on an island (Thasos) where he "founded" the eponymous town of Thasos.

Agenor
Agenor (Ancient Greek: Ἀγήνωρ, romanized: Agēnor, lit. 'heroic, manly') was in Greek mythology and history a Phoenician king of Tyre or Sidon. The Greek historian Herodotus (c. 484–425 BC), born in the city of Halicarnassus under the Achaemenid Empire, estimated that Agenor lived either 1000 or 1600 years prior to his visit to Tyre in 450 BC at the end of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–449 BC). He was said to have reigned in that city for 63 years.
St Elli's Church, Llanelly
The Church of St Elli, Llanelly, Monmouthshire, Wales, is a parish church with its origins in the 14th century. The church underwent three major restorations, in 1867–1868, 1897 and 1910–1911. It remains an active parish church and is a Grade II* listed building. The church is dedicated to the 6th-century Saint Elli.

Llanelly
Llanelly (Welsh: Llanelli) is a village, community, and parish in the county of Monmouthshire, South East Wales. It formerly existed in the historic county of Brecknockshire. The population of the community and ward at the 2011 census was 3,899. The Brecon Beacons National Park encompasses the parish and the surrounding area.
Kyle Mooney
Kyle James Kozub Mooney (born September 4, 1984) is an American comedian, actor, screenwriter, film director and musician. He is best known for his time as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, which he was featured in from 2013 to 2022. In 2017, he co-wrote and starred in the comedy drama Brigsby Bear, which premiered at that year's Sundance Film Festival and went on to receive critical acclaim upon its theatrical release. In 2021, he co-created and starred in the Netflix animated series Saturday Morning All Star Hits!

Saturday Morning All Star Hits!
Saturday Morning All Star Hits! (S.M.A.S.H.!) is an American adult animated sketch television series created by Kyle Mooney and Ben Jones. Produced by Universal Television, the show is a parody of Saturday-morning cartoon programming blocks from the 1980s and early 1990s, including a mix of live-action and animation segments. It was released on Netflix on December 10, 2021.
Buenos Aires Central Business District
The Buenos Aires Central Business District is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina, though not an official city ward. While the barrios of Puerto Madero and Retiro house important business complexes and modern high-rise architecture, the area traditionally known as Microcentro (Spanish: Microcenter) is located within San Nicolás and Monserrat, roughly coinciding with the area around the historic center of the Plaza de Mayo. The Microcentro has a wide concentration of offices, service companies and banks, and a large circulation of pedestrians on working days. Another name given to this unofficial barrio is La City, which refers more precisely to an even smaller sector within the Microcentro, where almost all the banking headquarters of the country are concentrated.

Retiro, Buenos Aires
Retiro is a barrio or neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the northeast end of the city, Retiro is bordered on the south by the Puerto Madero and San Nicolás, and on the west by the Recoleta.
Geni Thakor
Geniben Nagajibhai Thakor is an Indian politician and was member of the legislative assembly of Gujarat legislative assembly elected from Vav assembly constituency. She contested 2017 Gujarat legislative assembly election from Indian National Congress and won against Shankar Chaudhary of Bharatiya Janata Party. She won the 2024 Indian Lok Sabha Elections from Banaskantha constituency, being the only Indian National Congress candidate from Gujarat.

Shankar Chaudhary
Shankar Chaudhary (born 3 December 1970) is an Indian politician from Gujarat state. He is the Speaker of Gujarat Legislative Assembly since December 2022. He was a Member of Legislative Assembly from 1998 to 2017 and again since 2022.
Bé River
The Bé River (Vietnamese: Sông Bé) is a river of southern Vietnam. It flows through Bình Phước Province, Bình Dương Province and Đồng Nai Province for approximately 350 kilometres. It starts from Thác Mơ lake in Phước Long town of Bình Phước Province and empties to Đồng Nai River near Trị An Dam.

Đồng Nai River
The Đồng Nai River (Vietnamese: sông Đồng Nai listenⓘ) is a river in Vietnam that originates in the Central Highlands region of the southern portion of the country. It is approximately 586 km in length, making it the longest river to be entirely located in Vietnam. It gives its name to Đồng Nai Province.
The Skin I Live In
The Skin I Live In (Spanish: La piel que habito) is a 2011 Spanish psychological thriller film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar, starring Antonio Banderas, Elena Anaya, Marisa Paredes, Jan Cornet and Roberto Álamo. It is based on Thierry Jonquet's 1984 novel Mygale, first published in French and then in English under the title Tarantula.

Almodóvar has described the film as "a horror story without screams or frights". The film was the first collaboration in 21 years between Almodóvar and Banderas since Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1990). It premiered in May 2011 in competition at the 64th Cannes Film Festival, and won Best Film Not in the English Language at the 65th BAFTA Awards. It was also nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and 16 Goya Awards.

Thierry Jonquet
Thierry Jonquet (French: [tjɛʁi ʒɔ̃kɛ]; 19 January 1954 – 9 August 2009) was a French writer who specialised in crime novels with political themes. He was born in Paris; his most recent and best known novel outside France was Mygale (1984), then published in the US in 2003 by City Lights. Mygale was also published in the UK as Tarantula in 2005 (Serpent's Tail). He wrote over 20 novels in French, including Le bal des débris, Moloch and Rouge c'est la vie.

Jonquet died aged 55 in hospital in Paris.

Tarantula was filmed by Spanish director Pedro Almodóvar, under the title The Skin I Live In, which was entered in competition in May 2011 for the Cannes Film Festival.
New Hampshire Route 156
New Hampshire Route 156 (NH 156) is a 6.424-mile-long (10.338 km) secondary north–south highway in Rockingham County in southeastern New Hampshire. The road runs from Raymond to Nottingham.

The southern terminus of NH 156 is at New Hampshire Route 27 and New Hampshire Route 107 on the east side of Raymond. The northern terminus is in Nottingham at NH 152.

Raymond, New Hampshire
Raymond is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 10,684 at the 2020 census. Part of Pawtuckaway State Park is in the north.

The main village in town, where 3,738 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined as the Raymond census-designated place (CDP), and is located along the Lamprey River near New Hampshire Route 27.
The Dinkum Bloke
The Dinkum Bloke is a 1923 Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford. Despite the title and the presence of Arthur Tauchert and Lottie Lyell in the cast, the film is not a direct sequel to The Sentimental Bloke (1919) or Ginger Mick (1920).

It was known in the UK as A Gentleman in Mufti.

Arthur Tauchert
Arthur Michael Tauchert (pronounced "Torcher") (21 August 1877 – 27 November 1933) was an Australian acrobatic comedian, dancer, singer, film actor, and star of the Australian silent film, The Sentimental Bloke (1919).
Olifants River (Western Cape)
The Olifants River (Afrikaans: Olifantsrivier) is a river in the northwestern area of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The upper and main catchment area of the Olifants river is around Ceres and the Cederberg mountains. The Clanwilliam and Bulshoek dams are located on the river and provide water for the towns and farms along the watercourse.  The river is approximately 285 km long with a catchment area of 46,220 km2. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean at Papendorp, 250 km north of Cape Town.

Papendorp
Papendorp is a small village on the Atlantic Ocean coastline of Western Cape Province, South Africa. This village resides under Matzikama Local Municipality.

Papendorp is located at the mouth of the Olifants River and at high tide it is possible to navigate to Lutzville on a flat-bottomed boat, about 30 km upstream. Ebenhaezer, a Rhenish mission station established in 1831 is located a few kilometers further inland, on the road between Papendorp and Lutzville. There are salt pans in the area that are exploited commercially. Strandfontein is located a few kilometers south down the coast.
De historia stirpium commentarii insignes
De historia stirpium commentarii insignes (Latin for Notable Commentaries on the History of Plants) is a book by Leonhart Fuchs on herbal plants published in Basel in 1542. The work covers about 497 plants and has over 500 woodcut illustrations. Over 100 of the plants in the book were first descriptions.

De historia stirpium was illustrated by Albrecht Meyer (who made drawings based on the actual plants), Heinrich Füllmaurer (who transferred the drawings to woodblock), and Vitus Rudolph Speckle (who cut the blocks and printed the drawings).

Albrecht Meyer
Albrecht Meyer also known as Albertus Meyer in Latinised form, was a botanical illustrator noted for his more than 500 plant images in Leonhart Fuchs's epic pre-Linnean publication of 1542, De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes, published in Latin and Greek, and almost immediately translated into German. At the time it was regarded as one of the most beautifully illustrated books on plants and a jewel in the crown of German Renaissance.
4,5,6
4,5,6 is the debut solo studio album by American rapper Kool G Rap. It was released on September 26, 1995, via Cold Chillin' Records. The album's title signifies the winning combination at the urban street game of cee-lo.

The recording sessions took place at Bearsville Studios. The album was produced by Dr. Butcher, Buckwild, Naughty Shorts, and T-Ray. It features guest appearances from B-1, MF Grimm, Nas, and Shawn Brown.

The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200 and atop the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It was supported with singles "It's a Shame" and "Fast Life". The latter made it to number 74 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Cold Chillin' Records
Cold Chillin' Records was a record label that released music during the golden age of hip-hop from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. A producer-and-crew label founded by manager Tyrone Williams and run by Len Fichtelberg (1930–November 4, 2010), most of the label's releases were by members of the Juice Crew, a loosely knit group of artists centered on producer Marley Marl. In 1998, the label shut down, and the majority of its catalog was bought by Massachusetts-based LandSpeed Records (now Traffic Entertainment).
Bački Breg
Bački Breg (Serbian Cyrillic: Бачки Брег, Croatian: Bereg, Hungarian: Béreg) is a village located in the Sombor municipality, West Bačka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. It has a population of 769 inhabitants (2022 census).

Bački Breg is in the northwesternmost corner of Serbia.

Sombor
Sombor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сомбор, pronounced [sɔ̂ːmbɔr]; Hungarian: Zombor; Pannonian Rusyn: Зомбор, romanized: Zombor) is a city and the administrative center of the West Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 41,814 (as of 2022), while its administrative area (including neighboring villages) has 70,818 inhabitants.