hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum, Thiruvananthapuram
Palm Leaf Manuscript Museum, Thiruvananthapuram is museum dedicated to preserve and exhibit palm-leaf manuscripts from Kerala. It is considered as world's first and largest palm-leaf manuscript museum. The museum houses a rare collection of over one crore palm leaves held by the Kerala State Department of Archaeology, containing administrative records dating back to the Venad period and past political and social information from Travancore, Cochin and Malabar regions. The museum contains palm leaf manuscripts from 1249 to 1896.

Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts were used as writing material in the Indian subcontinent, dating back to as early as the 5th century BCE. Their use began in Nepal and India and spread to other regions, such as Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, in the form of dried and smoke-treated Palmyra or talipot palm leaves.
Their use continued until the 19th century when the printing press replaced hand-written manuscripts.

One of the oldest surviving complete palm leaf manuscripts is a Sanskrit Shaivism text from the 9th century, discovered in Nepal, and now preserved at the Cambridge University Library. The Spitzer Manuscript is a collection of palm leaf fragments found in Kizil Caves, China. They are dated to around the 2nd century CE and is in Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit.
2026 Alabama gubernatorial election
The 2026 Alabama gubernatorial election is scheduled to take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the next governor of Alabama. The primary elections will take place on May 19, and in races where no candidate receives over 50% in a primary, runoff elections will take place on June 16. Incumbent Governor Kay Ivey is term-limited and ineligible to seek a third consecutive full term.

This election will take place alongside races for U.S. Senate, U.S. House, state senate, state house, and numerous other state and local offices. Democrats have not won a gubernatorial election in Alabama since 1998.

2026 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 2026 Alabama lieutenant gubernatorial election will take place on November 3, 2026, to elect the next lieutenant governor of Alabama. The primary election will be held on May 19, 2026. Incumbent Will Ainsworth is term-limited and ineligible to seek a third full consecutive term.
Salvatore Seminara
Salvatore Seminara (born in 1946), also known as "zio Turiddu," is a Sicilian mafioso from Caltagirone. Officially a livestock breeder based in the town of Mirabella Imbaccari, Seminara served as the capo of the Caltagirone Mafia family and also held the position of appointed representative of the Cosa Nostra in the province of Enna, with both roles assumed under the authority of the late notorious boss Francesco La Rocca.

Caltagirone Mafia family
The Caltagirone Mafia family, also known as the La Rocca Mafia clan, is a crime family of the Cosa Nostra based in the town of Caltagirone, Sicily. Founded in the early 1980s by  Francesco "Ciccio" La Rocca, the Mafia clan rose to prominence through its involvement in various illicit activities, including extortion, drug trafficking, and political manipulation.
17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
17α-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane (C21) steroid that is obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone at the C17α position.  This step is performed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1)  that is present in the adrenal and gonads. Peak levels are reached in humans at the end of puberty and then decline. High levels are also achieved during pregnancy. It is also a known neuromodulator.

Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. In addition, pregnenolone is biologically active in its own right, acting as a neurosteroid.

In addition to its role as a natural hormone, pregnenolone has been used as a medication and supplement; for information on pregnenolone as a medication or supplement, see the pregnenolone (medication) article.
The Lines Are Open
The Lines Are Open is the second and final album by The Arrows released in 1985.  Producer David Tyson was again nominated for the Juno Award for "Producer of the Year", for his work on this album.

The album title is a line from the last song titled "Hampton Avenue".  Overall, the album has a more serious tone than the previous one and musically it features a number of tracks with a horn section.  This would be the last album from The Arrows - lead vocalist and songwriter Dean McTaggart would go on to write hit songs for other artists including Amanda Marshall.

David Tyson
David Michael Tyson is a Canadian rock music producer and songwriter.  He is best known for co-writing Alannah Myles' 1990 number one hit single Black Velvet (with Christopher Ward) and producing her debut album.  He also co-wrote three hit songs (with Dean McTaggart) from Amanda Marshall's self-titled 1995 debut album.

Tyson has won three Juno Awards for his work, mainly in the 1990s.  Most notably he was awarded the Producer of the Year in 1991 for his work on Jude Cole's A View from 3rd Street album, and Songwriter of the Year for his work with Hall & Oates.
Wrong Cops
Wrong Cops is a 2013 French-American independent comedy film written and directed by Quentin Dupieux. The ensemble film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. It features an ensemble cast including Éric Judor, Mark Burnham, Arden Myrin, Steve Little, Jon Lajoie, Jack Plotnick, Ray Wise, Kurt Fuller, Eric Wareheim, Grace Zabriskie and Marilyn Manson.

Arden Myrin
Arden Myrin (/məˈriːn/) is an American actress and comedian. Myrin was a cast member on the Netflix series Insatiable, playing the role of Regina Sinclair. She was a cast member of Mad TV for the last four seasons along with Keegan-Michael Key, Jordan Peele, Ike Barinholtz, and Bobby Lee.
Tower of Brenta
The Tower of Brenta (3,014 metres) is a peak in the Brenta Dolomites, forming the highest summit of the Catena degli Sfulmini sector within the SOIUSA classification. It ranks among the principal peaks of the Brenta Group and is one of the 86 Dolomites summits exceeding 3,000 metres. The mountain overlooks the Conca degli Armi, the Armi Glacier, and the nearby Rifugio Angelo Alimonta.

Brenta group
The Brenta Group or Brenta Dolomites (Italian: Dolomiti di Brenta) is a mountain range, and a subrange of the Rhaetian Alps in the Southern Limestone Alps mountain group. They are located in the Province of Trentino, in northeastern Italy. It is the only dolomitic group west of the Adige River. Therefore, geographically, they have not always been considered a part of the Dolomites mountain ranges. Geologically, however, they definitely are - and therefore sometimes called the "Western Dolomites". As part of the Dolomites, the Brenta Group has been officially recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site under the World Heritage Convention.
Saibai Island
Saibai Island, commonly called Saibai (Kala Lagaw Ya: Saybay, Saibai, Saibe), is an island of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located in the Torres Strait of Queensland, Australia. The island is situated north of the Australian mainland and south of the island of New Guinea. The island is a locality within the Torres Strait Island Region local government area. The town of Saibai is located on the north-west coast of the island.

Most of the island is held under native title, apart from some government infrastructure and historic buildings.

In the 2021 census, Saibai Island had a population of 340 people.

Thursday Island
Thursday Island, colloquially known as TI, or in the Kawrareg dialect, Waiben or Waibene, is an island of the Torres Strait Islands, an archipelago of at least 274 small islands in the Torres Strait. TI is located approximately 39 kilometres (24 miles) north of Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.

Thursday Island is also the name of the town in the south and west of the island, formerly known as Port Kennedy, and also the name of the locality which contains the island within the Shire of Torres. The town of Rose Hill (known as Abednego until 7 September 1991) is located on the north-eastern tip of the island (10°34′11″S 142°13′30″E﻿ / ﻿10.5698°S 142.2250°E﻿ / -10.5698; 142.2250﻿ (Rose Hill, Queensland)).

In the 2021 census, the locality of Thursday Island had a population of 2,805 people, of whom 69.1% identify as Indigenous Australians.
Durostor County
Durostor County was a county (județ) of the Kingdom of Romania, in Southern Dobruja, with the seat at Dârstor.

The county was located in the south-eastern part of Greater Romania, in the southern Dobrogea region, known as Cadrilater. Currently the territory of the former county is split between Bulgaria and Romania; in Bulgaria, the former county's territory belongs to Silistra Province, the eastern part of the former county remained within territory of Romania constituting the territory around Ostrov in today's Constanța County.

The county consisted of 4 districts (plăși): Accadânlar, Curtbunar, Silistra, and Turtucaia. The county was neighbored by the counties of Ilfov and Ialomița to the north, Caliacra and Constanța to the east, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria to the south.

Tervel (town)
Tervel (Bulgarian: Тервел, pronounced [ˈtɛrvɛɫ]) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Dobrich Province. It is the administrative centre of Tervel Municipality, which lies in the westernmost part of the province. As of December 2009, the town had a population of 6,667.
Reckless (American TV series)
Reckless is an American legal drama television series created by Dana Stevens. The series stars Anna Wood, Cam Gigandet, Adam Rodríguez, Shawn Hatosy, Kim Wayans, Gregory Harrison, Michael Gladis, and Georgina Haig. It premiered on CBS on June 29, 2014.

On October 9, 2014, CBS canceled the series after one season.

Kim Wayans
Kimberly Nichole Wayans (/ˈweɪ.ənz/ WAY-ənz; born October 16, 1961) is an American actress and comedian. She is the sister of Keenen Ivory, Damon Sr., Marlon, Shawn, and Nadia Wayans and aunt of Damien Dante among others. She is best known for her numerous roles on the Fox sketch comedy show In Living Color (1990–94), and Tonia Harris on In the House (1995–98). Wayans has also directed episodes for several series, including Bunk'd, The Neighborhood, and My Wife and Kids.
Shivajinagara (film)
Shivajinagara is a 2014 Indian Kannada-language film directed by P. N. Sathya, starring  Duniya Vijay and Parul Yadav with Abhimanyu Singh, Adithya Menon, Ashish Vidyarthi and Daniel Balaji in supporting roles.

Ashish Vidyarthi
Ashish Vidyarthi (born 19 June 1965) is an Indian actor who predominantly works in Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, English, Marathi, and Odia films. He is noted for his antagonist and character roles. In 1995, he received the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for Drohkaal. He has also received several awards including a Filmfare Award South along with nominations for two Filmfare Awards.
Yūki Yamato
Yūki Yamato (山戸 結希, Yamato Yūki) (born 1989) is a Japanese screenwriter and director. She has adapted and directed film versions of Hot Gimmick and Drowning Love, and was named Best New Director at the 24th Japan Film Professional Awards. She has also directed music videos for Nogizaka46, Momoiro Clover Z, and Radwimps.

Hot Gimmick
Hot Gimmick (Japanese: ホットギミック, Hepburn: Hotto Gimikku) is a Japanese shōjo manga series written and illustrated by Miki Aihara. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Betsucomi magazine from the December 2000 issue (released in November) to the August 2005 issue (released in July). Shogakukan collected the individual chapters into 12 bound volumes under the Flower Comics imprint. Viz Media licensed the series for an English-language release in North America.

Hot Gimmick inspired two drama CDs and an alternate-ending light novel, the latter of which is licensed by Viz Media. A live-action film adaptation, titled Hot Gimmick: Girl Meets Boy and directed by Yūki Yamato, was released in Japan on June 28, 2019.
Les cadeaux de Noël
Les cadeaux de Noël (The Christmas Gifts) is an opera in one act composed by Xavier Leroux to a French-language libretto by Émile Fabre. Described as a conte héroïque (heroic tale), it was premiered by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart Theatre in Paris on Christmas Day 1915. Its story of four children, whose parents had been killed by German soldiers but who nevertheless found hope in a seemingly bleak Christmas, had a particular resonance with French audiences in the midst of World War I. The opera was a great success in Paris, and subsequently performed in Italy, Monte Carlo and Latin America.

Xavier Leroux
Xavier Henry Napoleón Leroux (French pronunciation: [ɡzavje ɑ̃ʁi napɔlɛn ləʁu]; 11 October 1863 – 2 February 1919) was a French composer and a teacher at the Paris Conservatory. He was married to the famous soprano Meyrianne Héglon (1867–1942).
Akshay Khanna (British actor)
Akshay Khanna is a British actor. His films include Red, White & Royal Blue and Polite Society (both 2023). On television, he is known for his roles in the BBC One series Chloe (2022), the Paramount+ series The Doll Factory (2023) and the Apple TV+ series Murderbot (2025).

Chloe (TV series)
Chloe is a 2022 British psychological thriller television miniseries created by Alice Seabright for BBC One and Amazon Studios that premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 6 February 2022, and released worldwide on 24 June on Amazon Prime Video. It received critical acclaim, with praise going towards Erin Doherty's performance.
Forge Valley line
The Forge Valley Line was a 16-mile-long branch of the North Eastern Railway between Seamer and Pickering, in North Yorkshire, England. The line was intended to link Scarborough with Pickering. It opened in 1882 and closed in 1950, with the exception of a stretch from Pickering to Thornton Dale which remained open for quarry traffic until 1963.

The line did not pass through Forge Valley, but the station in the village of West Ayton was named after it to avoid confusion with another station — Great Ayton — already owned by the North Eastern Railway.

Seamer railway station
Seamer railway station serves the village of Seamer in North Yorkshire, England. It lies near the end of the Scarborough branch on the TransPennine Express North TransPennine route, 39 miles (63 km) east of York at its junction with the northern end of the Yorkshire Coast Line. Seamer station is managed by TransPennine Express, with services being run by both Northern Trains and TransPennine Express.

The station is actually sited between the communities of Eastfield and Crossgates, about one mile from Seamer. It took the name of Seamer since there was already a Cross Gates railway station in West Yorkshire.
Why Cry at Parting?
Why Cry at Parting? (German: Wer wird denn weinen, wenn man auseinandergeht?) is a 1929 British-German silent film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Dina Gralla, Harry Halm and Paul Morgan.

The film's sets were designed by the art directors Willi Herrmann, Herbert O. Phillips and Werner Schlichting. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin and on location in Southampton.

Harry Halm
Harry Halm (born Harry Hermann Hahn; 17 January 1901 – 22 November 1980) was a German film actor who appeared in numerous films between 1920 and 1955.

He was the son of director Alfred Halm and took acting lessons with Eduard von Winterstein and Hermann Vallentin. He began his stage career in 1919 at the Schauspielhaus in Potsdam. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, the Jewish Harry Halm could not take part in further films until the end of the war.
It's Great to Be Young (1956 film)
It's Great to Be Young is a 1956 British Technicolor musical comedy film directed by Cyril Frankel and starring Cecil Parker and John Mills. It was written by Ted Willis. The story concerns an inspirational school music teacher. Although the movie was very successful it has been described as "almost forgotten" today.

John Mills
Sir John Mills CBE (born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills; 22 February 1908 – 23 April 2005) was an English actor who appeared in more than 120 films in a career spanning seven decades. He excelled on camera as an appealing British everyman who often portrayed guileless, wounded war heroes. In 1971, he received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Ryan's Daughter.

For his work in film, Mills was knighted by Elizabeth II in 1976. In 2002, he received a BAFTA Fellowship from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and was named a Disney Legend by The Walt Disney Company.
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs.

The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences.

Mathematical Association of America
The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) is a professional society that focuses on mathematics accessible at the undergraduate level. Members include university, college, and high school teachers; graduate and undergraduate students; pure and applied mathematicians; computer scientists; statisticians; and many others in academia, government, business, and industry.

The MAA was founded in 1915 and is headquartered at 11 Dupont in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The organization publishes mathematics journals and books, including the American Mathematical Monthly (established in 1894 by Benjamin Finkel), the most widely read mathematics journal in the world according to records on JSTOR.
Package cushioning
Package cushioning is used to protect items during shipment. Vibration and impact shock during shipment and loading/unloading are controlled by cushioning to reduce the chance of product damage.

Cushioning is usually inside a shipping container such as a corrugated box. It is designed to absorb shock by crushing and deforming, and to dampen vibration, rather than transmitting the shock and vibration to the protected item. Depending on the specific situation, package cushioning is often between 50 and 75 mm (2 and 3 in) thick.

Internal packaging materials are also used for functions other than cushioning, such as to immobilize the products in the box and lock them in place, or to fill a void.

Packaging
Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of designing, evaluating, and producing packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, institutional, industrial, and for personal use.

Package labeling (American English) or labelling (British English) is any written, electronic, or graphic communication on the package or on a separate but associated label. Many countries or regions have regulations governing the content of package labels. Merchandising, branding, and persuasive graphics are not covered in this article.
Pukguksong-5
The Pukguksong-5 (Korean: 북극성-5; lit. Polaris 5) is a North Korean two-stage, solid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). First unveiled in January 2021 during a military parade, Pukguksong-5 is an evolution of Pukguksong-3 with a longer range and a larger size. The missile may also be capable of carrying a heavier payload or multiple warheads. North Korea has claimed Pukguksong-5 as "the world's most powerful weapon".

Hwasong-11S
The Hwasong-11S (Korean: 《화성포-11ㅅ》형; lit. Mars Artillery Type 11S) is a North Korean solid-fueled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). First displayed in October 2021 during a military exhibition, Hwasong-11S is the underwater-launched version of Hwasong-11A (KN-23). Its first test-fire occurred on 19 October 2021, after the exhibition.
HTMS Phutthayotfa Chulalok
HTMS Phutthayotfa Chulalok (FFG-461) (Thai: เรือหลวงพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลก) is the former USS Truett (FF-1095), Knox-class frigate. The ship is named after the first king of the Chakri Dynasty, King Phutthayotfa Chulaok the Great.

The Royal Thai Navy first leased the ship from the US Navy after she was decommissioned on July 30, 1994. The ship was eventually purchased on December 9, 1999. A Phutthayotfa Chulalok-class frigate, she has a sister ship, the HTMS Phutthaloetla Naphalai (FFG 462).

On 22 September 2020, HTMS Phutthayotfa Chulalok is converted into a floating museum at Sattahip Naval Base in Sattahip District.

Phutthayotfa Chulalok-class frigate
The Phutthayotfa Chulalok-class frigates are two of forty-six Knox-class frigates originally laid down for the United States Navy as ocean escorts (formerly called destroyer escorts), but were all redesignated as frigates on 30 June 1975, in the USN 1975 ship reclassification and their hull designation changed from DE to FF. The Thai Navy acquired them between 1994 and 1996.
Amboy Crater
Amboy Crater is a dormant cinder cone volcano that rises above a 70-square-kilometer (27 sq mi) lava field in the eastern Mojave Desert of southern California, within Mojave Trails National Monument.

It is about 75 miles (120 km) equidistant from Barstow to the west and Needles to the east, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) south of historic U.S. Route 66, near the town of Amboy in San Bernardino County. In 1973, Amboy Crater was designated the Amboy Crater National Natural Landmark.

Amboy, California
Amboy is an unincorporated community in San Bernardino County, in California's Mojave Desert, west of Needles and east of Ludlow on historic Route 66. It is roughly 60 miles (97 km) northeast of Twentynine Palms. As of 2020, the town's business district still contained a post office, a historic restaurant-motel, and a Route 66 tourist shop, all operated by the town's population of four people. As of 2024, only the gas station was open, and the population was zero.
Irena Koprowska
Irena Koprowska, née Grasberg (May 12, 1917, Warsaw - August 16, 2012, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania) was a Polish-born pathologist in the United States. In 1985, she won the Papanikolaou Award.

She was the first woman to be named a full professor at Hahnemann Medical College, now Drexel University College of Medicine.

Hilary Koprowski
Hilary Koprowski (5 December 1916 – 11 April 2013) was a Polish virologist and immunologist active in the United States who demonstrated the world's first effective live polio vaccine. He authored or co-authored over 875 scientific papers and co-edited several scientific journals.

Koprowski received many academic honors and national decorations, including the Belgian Order of the Lion, the French Order of Merit and Legion of Honour, Finland's Order of the Lion, and the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.

Koprowski was the target of accusations in the press related to the "oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis", which posited that the AIDS pandemic originated from live polio vaccines developed by Koprowski in the Belgian Congo. This hypothesis was challenged on numerous grounds, and scientists largely rejected it.