hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Opus card
Opus (stylized as OPUS) is a rechargeable, dual interface (contact/contactless) smart card automated fare collection system using the Calypso Standard and is used by major public transit operators in Greater Montreal and Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It complies with the ISO/IEC 14443 standard for smartcards and can be read by smartphones with an NFC antenna.

The name of the card in French, Carte Opus, is a pun on the word in French for smart cards with embedded chips, carte à puce.

Société de transport de Montréal
The Société de transport de Montréal (French pronunciation: [sɔsjete də tʁɑ̃spɔʁ də mɔ̃ʁeal], STM; lit. 'Montreal Transit Corporation') is a public transport agency that operates transit bus and rapid transit services in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Established in 1861 as the "Montreal City Passenger Railway Company", it has grown to comprise four subway lines with a total of 68 stations, as well as 221 bus routes and 23 night routes. The STM was created in 2002 to replace the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM; lit. 'Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation'). The STM operates the second most heavily used urban mass transit system in Canada. As of 2023, the average daily ridership is 1,745,700 passengers: 686,300 by bus, 1,063,500 by rapid transit and 13,100 by paratransit service.
Haplogroup E-P2
Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. E-P2 has two basal branches, E-V38 and E-M215. E-P2 had an ancient presence in the Levant; presently, it is primarily distributed in Africa where it may have originated, and occurs at lower frequencies in the Middle East and Europe.

Haplogroup E-V68
Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia and Europe. It is a subclade of the larger and older haplogroup, known as E1b1b or E-M215 (also roughly equivalent to E-M35). The E1b1b1a lineage is identified by the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation on the Y chromosome, which is known as V68. It is a subject of discussion and study in genetics as well as genetic genealogy, archaeology, and historical linguistics.

E-V68 is dominated by its longer-known subclade E-M78. In various publications, both E-V68 and E-M78 have been referred to by other names, especially phylogenetic nomenclature such as "E3b1a" which are designed to show their place on the family tree of all males. These various names change as new discoveries are made and are discussed below.
Police community support officer
A police community support officer (PCSO; Welsh: swyddog cymorth cymunedol yr heddlu, SCCH), or as written in legislation Community Support Officer (CSO; Welsh: swyddog cymorth cymunedol, SCC), is a uniformed member of police staff in England and Wales, a role created by Section 38(2) of the Police Reform Act 2002, which was given Royal Assent by Queen Elizabeth II on 24 July 2002. They are not warranted, but hold a variety of police powers and the power of a constable in various instances by the forty-three territorial police forces in England and Wales and the British Transport Police (which is the only specialist police service to employ PCSOs).

Police Reform Act 2002
The Police Reform Act 2002 (c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Amongst the provisions of the Act are the creation of the role of Police Community Support Officers, who have some police powers whilst not being 'sworn' constables, and the ability for chief constables to confer a more limited range of police powers on other (non-sworn) individuals as part of Community Safety Accreditation Schemes. The Act also replaced the Police Complaints Authority with the Independent Police Complaints Commission (later replaced by the Independent Office for Police Conduct).
Acoustic reflex
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, stapedial reflex, auditory reflex, middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), attenuation reflex, cochleostapedial reflex or intra-aural reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.

When presented with an intense sound stimulus, the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles of the ossicles contract. The stapedius stiffens the ossicular chain by pulling the stapes (stirrup) of the middle ear away from the oval window of the cochlea and the tensor tympani muscle stiffens the ossicular chain by loading the tympanic membrane when it pulls the malleus (hammer) in toward the middle ear. The reflex decreases the transmission of vibrational energy to the cochlea, where it is converted into electrical impulses to be processed by the brain.

Tensor tympani muscle
The tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the bony part of the auditory tube, and connects to the malleus bone.  Its role is to dampen loud sounds, such as those produced from chewing, shouting, or thunder. Because its reaction time is not fast enough, the muscle cannot protect against hearing damage caused by sudden loud sounds, like explosions or gunshots, however some individuals have voluntary control over the muscle, and may tense it pre-emptively.
Wang Guobao
Wang Guobao (c.mid-350s–29 May 397) was an official of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He came to prominence in the court of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin due to his family ties and close association with the emperor's brother and his cousin-in-law, the Prince of Kuaiji, Sima Daozi. His connection with Sima Daozi allowed him to rapidly rise through the government ranks while becoming involved in numerous scandals surrounding his corruption and misconducts. When Sima Daozi was appointed regent to Xiaowu's successor, Emperor An, Wang held joint power with him over the court, but his corruption soon became the pretext for the border commanders, Wang Gong and Yin Zhongkan, to raise their army in rebellion against Sima Daozi. To appease the rebels, Sima Daozi had Wang Guobao executed.

Sima Daozi
Sima Daozi (司馬道子) (363 – 3 February 403), courtesy name Daozi (道子), formally Prince Wenxiao of Kuaiji (會稽文孝王), was a regent during the reign of his nephew Emperor An of Jin, being the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu.
Strensham services
Strensham services is a motorway service station on the M5 in Worcestershire, England. It is operated by Roadchef.

Unusually for a motorway service station, the two sites are about 0.5 miles (0.8 km) apart due to the proximity of junction 8 (for the M50 motorway). The services opened with the motorway in 1962 and have undergone many developments over time, largely due to the evolution of the motorway, which at the time of its opening ran from Birmingham to Strensham but now runs to Exeter about 120 miles (190 km) southwards. It was the first service station on the M5. The service station is also an operational base for the Midlands Air Ambulance.

M5 motorway
The M5 is a motorway in England. It runs south-west from the M6 at junction 8 (West Bromwich), north-west of Birmingham to Exeter in Devon. The M5 runs through Sandwell Valley and its early sections form part of the Birmingham Motorway Box, after which it passes Worcester, Cheltenham, and Gloucester. It intersects with the M4 motorway at Almondsbury Interchange north of Bristol, then serves Taunton, and Tiverton, before terminating at junction 31 to the south of Exeter. At a total length of 163 miles (262 km), the M5 is the fourth-longest motorway in the UK.
Mirditë District
Mirditë District (Albanian: Rrethi i Mirditës) was one of the 36 districts of Albania, which were dissolved in July 2000 and replaced by 12 newly created counties. It had a population of 37,055 in 2001, and an area of 867 km2 (335 sq mi). It is in the north of the country, and its capital was the town of Rrëshen. The district was located within the wider region of Mirdita, whose territory is synonymous with the historic Albanian tribe of the same name. The area of the former district is coextensive with the present municipality of Mirditë, which is part of Lezhë County.

Rrëshen
Rrëshen (Albanian definite form: Rrësheni) is a small town and a former municipality in Lezhë County, in northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform, Rrëshen became a subdivision and the seat of the municipality Mirditë. It was the administrative seat of the former Mirditë District. The population at the 2023 census was 6,773.
Sir Charles Lowther, 3rd Baronet
Sir Charles Hugh Lowther, 3rd Baronet (26 September 1803 – 6 November 1894) was an English landowner, the third son of Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet and Lady Elizabeth Fane.

Lowther was blind from infancy due to an attack of scarlet fever. His mother imported the first embossed books in England for his benefit in 1821.

On 10 May 1834, he married Isabella Morehead (died 2 July 1887). They had two sons:

George William Lowther (28 March 1837 – 6 February 1890)

James Lowther (1840–1904), who inherited Wilton Castle from his father.

Lowther was a benefactor of William Moon, funding the construction of his workroom in 1856 and donating to the Moon Society, which distributed literature for the blind in Moon type.

He inherited the family baronetcy from his brother in 1868. Dying in 1894 at the age of ninety, Lowther was succeeded in the baronetcy by his grandson, Charles Bingham Lowther. Sir Charles' coach can be seen in the carriage collection at Shibden Hall, Halifax.

Sir Charles Lowther, 4th Baronet
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Charles Bingham Lowther, 4th Baronet CB DSO DL (22 July 1880 – 22 January 1949), was a British Army officer in the 19th and 20th centuries. He was a prominent figure in Northamptonshire.
1989–90 ECHL season
The 1989–90 ECHL season was the second season of the ECHL. The league brought back all five teams from the inaugural season and added three more franchises in Greensboro, North Carolina, Nashville, Tennessee, and Norfolk, Virginia. Before the season began, the Carolina Thunderbirds changed their name to the Winston-Salem Thunderbirds. The eight teams played sixty games in the schedule, unchanged from the total games played in the inaugural 1988–89 ECHL season. The Winston-Salem Thunderbirds finished first overall in the regular season. The Greensboro Monarchs won their first Riley Cup championship.

Carolina Thunderbirds
The Carolina Thunderbirds were a professional ice hockey team located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States.  The Thunderbirds played their home games at the old Winston-Salem Memorial Coliseum before the arena was demolished in 1989. The team played in the Atlantic Coast Hockey League from 1981 to 1987, the All-American Hockey League during 1987–88 and finally moved into the newly created East Coast Hockey League in 1988.

The Carolina Thunderbirds were one of five teams that played during the inaugural season of East Coast Hockey League (ECHL). The Thunderbirds won the first ever ECHL championship and were awarded the Riley Cup for the 1988–89 ECHL season.

The team changed its name to the Winston-Salem Thunderbirds before the start of 1989–90 season and the team remained in the ECHL until the end of the 1991–92 season when it was announced by co-owner Ed Broyhill that Winston-Salem would move to West Virginia to play as the Wheeling Thunderbirds.
José Carreras
Josep Maria Carreras Coll (Catalan: [ʒuˈzɛb məˈɾi.ə kəˈreɾəs ˈkɔʎ]; born 5 December 1946), better known as José Carreras (/kəˈrɛərəs/, Spanish: [xoˈse kaˈreɾas]), is a Spanish operatic tenor who is particularly known for his performances in the operas of Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini.

Born in Barcelona, he made his debut on the operatic stage at 11 as Trujamán in Manuel de Falla's El retablo de Maese Pedro, and went on to a career that encompassed over 60 roles, performing in the world's leading opera houses and on numerous recordings. He gained fame with a wider audience as one of the Three Tenors, with Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti, in a series of large concerts from 1990 to 2003. He is also known for his humanitarian work as president of the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation (La Fundació Internacional Josep Carreras per a la Lluita contra la Leucèmia), which he established following his own recovery from the disease in 1988.

El retablo de maese Pedro
El retablo de maese Pedro (Master Peter's Puppet Show) is a puppet-opera in one act with a prologue and epilogue, composed by Manuel de Falla to a Spanish libretto based on an episode from Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes. The libretto is an abbreviation of chapter 26 of the second part of Don Quixote, with some lines added from other parts of the work. Falla composed this opera "in devoted homage to the glory of Miguel de Cervantes" and dedicated it to the Princess de Polignac, who commissioned the work. Because of its brief length by operatic standards (about 27 minutes), its very challenging part for a boy opera performer (who has by far the most lines), and its use of puppets, it is not part of the standard operatic repertoire.

Otto Mayer-Serra has described this opera as a work where Falla reached beyond "Andalusianism" for his immediate musical influence and colour and began the transition into the "Hispanic neo-classicism" of his later works.
Malerkotla district
Malerkotla district is a district in Punjab state of India. It was formed after the bifurcation of Sangrur district. Malerkotla district was carved out of Sangrur and became the 23rd district of Punjab on 2 June 2021, on the occasion of Eid. District Malerkotla is divided into three Tahsils: Malerkotla, Amargarh and Ahmedgarh.

Amargarh, Punjab
Amargarh is a city in the Malerkotla district of Punjab state in India. It is located at main road (Malerkotla - Patiala) which is nearly 45 kilometers far from Patiala. The City is administrated by Municipal Council. Presently, Smt. Jaspal Kaur is the President of Nagar Panchayat Amargarh of the city.
Howrah City Police
Howrah City Police (Bengali: হাওড়া শহর পুলিশ) established in 2011, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in Howrah city and some of its adjacent areas in Howrah district. The Commissionerate is part of the West Bengal Police and is under the administrative control of Home Ministry of West Bengal. It was formed after the bifurcation of the Howrah Police District and has eighteen police stations under its jurisdiction as of now. Presently, P. K. Tripathi, IPS is appointed as the Commissioner of the Howrah Police Commissionerate.

Howrah
Howrah (/ˈhaʊrə/; Bengali: [ˈɦao̯ɽa]) is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Howrah is located on the western bank of the Hooghly River, opposite to its twin city of Kolkata. Administratively Howrah lies within Howrah district and is the headquarters of the Howrah Sadar subdivision. It is also a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Howrah is an important industrial and transportation hub, and is also a gateway to Kolkata via Howrah railway station and Howrah Bridge.
Don Bracken
Donald Craig Bracken (February 16, 1962 – October 29, 2014) was an American professional football punter.

After playing high school football in Thermopolis, Wyoming, Bracken played college football for the University of Michigan from 1980 to 1983. As a freshman, he set a Rose Bowl record that is still unbroken with a 73-yard punt in the 1981 Rose Bowl.

Bracken played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Green Bay Packers (1985-1990) and Los Angeles Rams (1992-1993). In 1987, he ranked third in the NFL in both number of punts (72) and punting yardage (2,947). In eight NFL seasons, Bracken appeared in 99 NFL games and punted 461 times for 18,375 yards, an average of 39.9 yards per punt.

Thermopolis, Wyoming
Thermopolis is the county seat and most populous town in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. As of the 2020 census, Thermopolis had a population of 2,725.

Thermopolis, Greek for "hot city", is the location of numerous natural hot springs, in which mineral-laden waters are heated by geothermal processes.

The town claims the world's largest mineral hot spring, "The Big Spring", as part of Hot Springs State Park. The springs are open to the public for free as part of an 1896 treaty signed with the Shoshone and Arapaho Indian tribes.
Udhampur–Jammu highway
The Udhampur Jammu highway is a four lane road in Jammu and Kashmir that connects the municipal committee of Udhampur with Jammu City. The highway is 64 kilometres (40 mi) long, passing through mountain terrain. The highway provides a road link that connects Katra with the rest of India. The highway is a small part of Jammu–Srinagar National Highway.

Udhampur
Udhampur (ˌʊd̪ʱəmpur) is a city and a municipal council in Udhampur district in the Indian union territory of  Jammu and Kashmir. It is the headquarters of Udhampur District. Named after Raja Udham Singh, it serves as the district capital and the Northern Command headquarters of the Indian Army. A Forward Base Support Unit (FBSU) of the Indian Air Force is also stationed here. Udhampur is used by the Armed Forces as a transit point between Jammu and Srinagar when travelling by road on National Highway 1A, which has since been renamed as National Highway 44.

Tourist attractions include Patnitop, Panchari Landhar, Ladha Dhar, Dudu Basantgarh, Ramnagar, Yug Dhar, Shivgarh, Sudhmahadev, Mantali International Yoga Center, Benesangh, and Chenani Nashri Tunnel.
Coastal line (Sri Lanka)
The coastal line (sometimes referred to as the coast line or the southern line) is a major railway line in Sri Lanka, running between Colombo Fort and Beliatta, via Galle and Matara.  Operated by Sri Lanka Railways, the line includes some of the busiest rail services in the country.  The line has been extended to Beliatta on 8 April 2019 and is proposed to be extended to Kataragama, via Hambantota. With a designed maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) between Kalutara and Matara, and a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) between Matara and Beliatta, the line is one of the fastest in Sri Lanka.

Kalutara
Kalutara (Sinhala: කළුතර, Tamil: களுத்துறை) or Kalutota is a major city in Kalutara District, Western Province, Sri Lanka. It is also the administrative capital of Kalutara District. It is located approximately 43 km (27 mi) south of the capital Colombo. The city holds a unique position for one of the four major rivers in Sri Lanka, the Kalu Ganga, which joins the sea at the centre of the city. Kaluthara is known for making rope, baskets, and other articles from the fibre of the coconut palm. The area also produces the Mangosteens, a fruit introduced from Malaysia in the 19th century.
Uniform Codes
Uniform Codes are codes of practice developed and maintained by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) using the American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) accredited consensus development process working on a three-year cycle. This process brings together volunteers representing a variety of viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus.

Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics Code
Designated as an American National Standard, the Uniform Solar, Hydronics and Geothermal Code (USHGC) is a model code developed by IAPMO to govern the installation and inspection of solar energy, hydronic heating/cooling systems, and geothermal energy systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.

The USHGC is developed using the American National Standards Institute's consensus development procedures. This process brings together volunteers representing a variety of viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on solar energy, hydronic heating/cooling systems, and geothermal energy practices.
Felipe Arantes
Felipe Arantes (born 9 February 1988) is a retired Brazilian mixed martial artist, who competed in the bantamweight and featherweight divisions. A professional MMA competitor from 2008 to 2018, Arantes mostly fought in Brazil before signing with the UFC.

Yves Jabouin
Fernand Yves Jabouin (born May 30, 1979) is a retired Haitian-Canadian mixed martial artist who formerly competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2001, Jabouin also formerly competed for the WEC.
Antoinette Sibley
Dame Antoinette Sibley DBE (born 27 February 1939) is a British prima ballerina. She joined the Royal Ballet from the Royal Ballet School in 1956 and became a soloist in 1960. She was celebrated for her partnership with Anthony Dowell. After her retirement from dancing in 1989 she became President of the Royal Academy of Dance in 1991, and guest coach at the Royal Ballet (1991) and Governor, Royal Ballet Board (2000).

Anthony Dowell
Sir Anthony James Dowell CBE (born 16 February 1943) is a retired British ballet dancer and a former artistic director of the Royal Ballet. He is widely recognized as one of the great danseurs nobles of the twentieth century.
Princess Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen
Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen (10 August 1710 – 22 October 1767) was a member of German royalty. She was born in Meiningen, the daughter of Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen and Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha. She was Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg as the wife of Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (22 January 1674 – 18 April 1713) was Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen as the first wife of Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. She was the daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and his first wife, Magdalena Sybille of Saxe-Weissenfels. She married Ernst Ludwig I on the 19 September 1704.
Elverhøy Church
Elverhøy Church (Norwegian: Elverhøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. It is located in the city of Tromsø. It is the church for the Elverhøy parish which is part of the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. The church was built in its current location in 1974 and it now seats about 435 people.

Tromsø Cathedral
Tromsø Cathedral (Norwegian: Tromsø domkirke) is a cathedral of the Church of Norway located in the city of Tromsø in Tromsø Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The cathedral is the church for the Tromsø Domkirkens parish. It is the headquarters for the Tromsø domprosti (arch-deanery) and the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland. This cathedral is notable since it is the only Norwegian Protestant cathedral made of wood.

The yellow, wooden cathedral was built in a long church format and the Gothic Revival style in 1861 by the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch. The church tower and main entrance are on the west front. It is probably the northernmost Protestant cathedral in the world. With over 600 seats, it is one of Norway's most significant wooden churches. It initially held about 984 seats, but many benches and seats have been removed over the years to make room for tables in the back of the church.
Tina Mrak
Tina Mrak (born 6 February 1988 in Koper) is a Slovenian Olympic sailor and recipient of several medals from various international events. Mrak finished Faculty of sports, University of Ljubljana and earned a profession of Physical education teacher. She is employed in Sport unit, which is part of Slovenian armed forces. She was born in Koper. She competed in the 470 class at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, together with Teja Černe.  She competed in the same class at the 2016 Summer Olympics, this time with Veronika Macarol.
Her best achievement is bronze medal from World Championship, which was held in July 2017 in Theasaloniki, Greece. At European championships she won two gold medals in 2015 and 2018, a silver medal in 2012 and two bronze medals in 2014 and 2016.

Teja Černe
Teja Černe (born September 29, 1984) is a Slovenian competitive sailor. She was born in Koper. She competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens in the women's one person dinghy event, the Europe class. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, in the women's 470, together with Tina Mrak.