hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
John McCaffary
John McCaffary (c. 1820 – August 21, 1851) was an Irish-American farmer who was convicted and executed for the murder of his wife, Bridgett McCaffary. His execution by hanging was botched; he was unintentionally strangled for over 20 minutes until he died. His execution led to the abolition of capital punishment in Wisconsin.

Capital punishment in Wisconsin
Capital punishment in Wisconsin was abolished in 1853. Wisconsin was one of the earliest United States jurisdictions to abolish capital punishment, and is the only state that has performed only one execution in its history.

Since its admission to the Union in 1848 as the 30th state, the only execution carried out in Wisconsin was a botched execution of immigrant farmer John McCaffary, who was hanged on August 21, 1851, in Kenosha County for drowning his wife in a backyard cistern.

Wisconsin abolished the death penalty in 1853 just two years after McCaffary's execution.

In 2006, an advisory referendum was carried out, with 55.5% of Wisconsin voters in favor of allowing capital punishment. The state legislature did not adopt any statute to implement the popular vote.

A 2013 poll by Marquette Law School showed that 46.6% of Wisconsin voters supported allowing capital punishment, while 50.5% opposed.
The Caves of Androzani
The Caves of Androzani is the sixth serial of the 21st season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four twice-weekly parts on BBC1 from 8 to 16 March 1984.

In the serial, the Doctor becomes involved in a war for control of the life-prolonging substance "spectrox" on the planet Androzani Minor, which is being fought between the ruthless businessman Morgus (John Normington) and the android-builder Sharaz Jek (Christopher Gable).

The Caves of Androzani was Peter Davison's last regular appearance as the Fifth Doctor, marked the first appearance of Colin Baker as the Sixth Doctor, and saw the return of scriptwriter Robert Holmes to the series for the first time since 1978. It was also Graeme Harper's first work on the series as a full director, having worked on earlier serials as an assistant director. In 2009, The Caves of Androzani was voted by fans as the best Doctor Who story in history.

Robert Holmes (scriptwriter)
Robert Colin Holmes (2 April 1926 – 24 May 1986) was a British television scriptwriter. For over 25 years, he contributed to some of the most popular programmes screened in the UK. He is particularly remembered for his work on science fiction programmes, most notably his extensive contributions to Doctor Who, which included working as its script editor from 1974 to 1977.

Holmes suffered ill health from the early 1980s. He died in May 1986 while working on scripts for the second and final Sixth Doctor season The Trial of a Time Lord; his last serial as sole writer, The Mysterious Planet, and The Ultimate Foe, of which he only wrote the first part (the second being completed by Pip and Jane Baker), were released posthumously between September and December 1986.
Bae In-hyuk
Bae In-hyuk (Korean: 배인혁; born April 4, 1998) is a South Korean actor. He is known for his roles in television dramas such as My Roommate Is a Gumiho (2021), At a Distance, Spring Is Green (2021), Cheer Up (2022), and The Story of Park's Marriage Contract (2023–2024).

My Roommate Is a Gumiho
My Roommate Is a Gumiho (Korean: 간 떨어지는 동거) is a 2021 South Korean television drama series starring Jang Ki-yong  and Lee Hye-ri. The series tells story of romance between a 999-year-old kumiho named Shin Woo-Yeo and a female college student named Lee Dam who accidentally swallows Shin Woo-Yeo's bead. It premiered on streaming platform iQiyi worldwide and cable channel TVN on May 26, 2021, and aired on Wednesday and Thursday at 22.40 (KST) for 16 episodes until July 15.

The series ended on July 15, 2021, with its last episode recording an average nationwide viewership ratings of 4%. It attained an average viewership of 948 thousand per episode during its broadcast.
Friedrich von Spiegel
Friedrich (von) Spiegel (11 July 1820 in Kitzingen – 15 December 1905 in München) was a German orientalist. He was one of the pioneers in the field of Iranian philology, and as such a major influence on the works of German 19th century philologist and philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

Kitzingen
Kitzingen (German pronunciation: [ˈkɪtsɪŋən] ⓘ) is a town in the German state of Bavaria, capital of the district Kitzingen. It is part of the Franconia geographical region and has around 21,000 inhabitants. Surrounded by vineyards, Kitzingen County is the largest wine producer in Bavaria. It is said to be Franconia's wine trade center.
Golok
A golok is a cutting tool, similar to a machete, that comes in many variations and is found throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is used as an agricultural tool as well as a weapon. The word golok (sometimes misspelled in English as "gollock") is used in Indonesia and Malaysia. Both in Malaysia and in Indonesia, the term is usually interchangeable with the longer and broader parang. In the Sundanese region of West Java it is known as bedog. In the Philippines, the term gulok (also known as gunong), refers to different dagger weapons including the kris.

Machete
A machete (/məˈʃɛti/; Spanish pronunciation: [maˈtʃete]) is a broad blade originating from Central America. It is used either as an agricultural implement similar to an axe, or in combat like a long-bladed knife. The blade is typically 30 to 66 centimetres (12 to 26 in) long and usually under 3 millimetres (1⁄8 in) thick. In the Spanish language, the word is possibly a diminutive form of the word macho, which was used to refer to sledgehammers. Alternatively, its origin may be machaera, the name given by the Greeks and Romans to the falcata. It is the origin of the English language  equivalent term matchet, though this is rarely used. In much of the English-speaking Caribbean, such as Jamaica, Barbados, Guyana, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago, the term cutlass is used for these agricultural tools.
Asterousia
Asterousia (Greek: Αστερούσια) is a former municipality in the Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Archanes-Asterousia, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 203.420 km2 (78.541 sq mi). Population 4,943 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Pyrgos.  Other villages include Charakas.

Archanes-Asterousia
Archanes–Asterousia (Greek: Αρχάνες-Αστερούσια) is a municipality in Heraklion regional unit, Crete, Greece. The seat of the municipality is the village Peza. The municipality has an area of 337,137 square kilometres (130,169 sq mi).
Traeth Mawr
52°56′N 4°07′W﻿ / ﻿52.94°N 4.11°W﻿ / 52.94; -4.11

Traeth Mawr (Welsh for 'large beach') is a polder near Porthmadog in Gwynedd in Wales. The area was formerly the large tidal estuary of the Afon Glaslyn. It was created after large-scale land reclamation occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. A large embankment, called the Cob, separates the area from the sea and carries a road and railway line.

Porthmadog
Porthmadog (Welsh: [pɔrθˈmadɔɡ] ⓘ), originally Portmadoc until 1972 and known locally as Port, is a coastal town and community in the Eifionydd area of Gwynedd, Wales, and the historic county Caernarfonshire. It lies 5 miles (8 km) east of Criccieth, 11 miles (18 km) south-west of Blaenau Ffestiniog, 25 miles (40 km) north of Dolgellau and 20 miles (32 km) south of Caernarfon. The community population was 4,185 in the 2011 census and was put at 4,134 in 2019. It grew in the 19th century as a port for local slate, but as trade declined it continued as a shopping and tourism centre, being close to Snowdonia National Park and the Ffestiniog Railway. The 1987 National Eisteddfod was held there. It includes nearby Borth-y-Gest, Morfa Bychan and Tremadog.
Convex polytope
A convex polytope is a special case of a polytope, having the additional property that it is also a convex set contained in the -dimensional Euclidean space .
Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming.

Convex cone
In linear algebra, a cone—sometimes called a linear cone to distinguish it from other sorts of cones—is a subset of a real vector space that is closed under positive scalar multiplication; that is,  is a cone if  implies  for every positive scalar . This is a broad generalization of the standard cone in Euclidean space.

A convex cone is a cone that is also closed under addition, or, equivalently, a subset of a vector space that is closed under linear combinations with positive coefficients. It follows that convex cones are convex sets.

The definition of a convex cone makes sense in a vector space over any ordered field, although the field of real numbers is used most often.
Santa Fe Plaza
The Santa Fe Plaza (Spanish: Plaza de Santa Fe) is a National Historic Landmark in downtown Santa Fe, New Mexico in the style of traditional Spanish-American colonial cities. The plaza, or city square is a gathering place for locals and also a tourist attraction. It is home to annual events including Fiestas de Santa Fe, the Spanish Market, the Santa Fe Bandstand, and the Santa Fe Indian Market.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the plaza consists of a central park lined with grass, trees, and benches. During Christmas time, the plaza is decorated with farolitos, luminarias, and trees lights. The park also includes a performing arts stage.

Santa Fe Indian Market
The Santa Fe Indian Market is an annual art market held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on the weekend following the third Thursday in August. The event draws an estimated 150,000 people to the city from around the world. The Southwestern Association for Indian Arts (SWAIA), a nonprofit organization hosts the market, which showcases work by about 1,000 Native American and First Nations artists from Native American tribes and Indigenous nations from coast to coast.
Mukesh (actor)
Mukesh Madhavan (born Mukesh Babu; 5 March 1957), known mononymously as Mukesh, is an Indian actor, film producer, television presenter, and politician who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema besides also having sporadically appeared in Tamil-language films. In a film career spanning four decades, he has acted in over 275 Malayalam films.

He made his onscreen debut in the 1982 film Balloon in the leading role. His 1996 film Kaanaakkinaavu premiered at the IFFI and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. He co-produced Kadha Parayumbol (2007), which won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value. He also produced the 2012 film Thattathin Marayathu, which is considered one of the defining films of the Malayalam New Wave.

He was the chairman of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy. Mukesh is the current MLA representing the Kollam constituency of Kerala state.

Thattathin Marayathu
Thattathin Marayathu (transl. Behind The Veil) is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language musical romantic drama film written and directed by Vineeth Sreenivasan, starring Nivin Pauly and Isha Talwar. The supporting cast includes Aju Varghese, Manoj K. Jayan, Sunny Wayne, Sreeram Ramachandran, Bhagath Manuel, Manikuttan, Sreenivasan, and Niveda Thomas. The film was produced by actors Mukesh and Sreenivasan. The film is about a Hindu boy, Vinod, and a Muslim girl, Aisha, and the conflict arising out of this inter-faith relationship.

The film has been considered as one of the defining movies of the Malayalam New Wave. The movie was remade in Telugu as Saheba Subramanyam and in Tamil as Meendum Oru Kadhal Kadhai.
Eight Pillars
The Eight Pillars (Chinese: 八柱, bāzhù) also known as Eight Pillars of the Sky are a concept from Chinese mythology. Located in the eight cardinal directions, they are a group of eight mountains or pillars which have been thought to hold up the sky. They are symbolically important as types of axis mundi and cosmology. Their functions in mythology ranged from pillars which functioned to hold apart the Earth and the Sky (or Heaven), as ladders allowing travel between the two, and as the location of various paradises or wonderland with associated magical people, plants, and animals. The Eight Pillars are a central aspect to Chinese mythology, and also have been used extensively in poetic allusion. Some variations exist, such as only having four pillars.

Mount Buzhou
Mount Buzhou (不周山 lit. "Unrevolving Mountain") was an ancient Chinese mythological mountain which, according to old texts, lay to the northwest of the Kunlun Mountains, in a location today referred to as the Pamir Mountains. It is the mountain said to have supported the heavens, against which the Chinese water god Gonggong smashed his head in a fit of anger, requiring the goddess Nüwa to repair the sky. Nevertheless, once the spacer between the Earth and Sky was damaged, the land of China was permanently tilted to the southeast, causing all the rivers to flow in that same direction.
Keystone, South Dakota
Keystone is a city in the Black Hills region of Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 240 at the 2020 census. It had its origins in 1883 as a mining town, and has since transformed itself into a resort town, serving the needs of the millions of visitors to the Mount Rushmore National Memorial, which is located just beyond the town limits. Keystone was heavily damaged in the 1972 Black Hills flood.

The town took its name from a local mine, which most likely was named after the keystone Masonic symbol.

Pennington County, South Dakota
Pennington County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 109,222, making it the second most populous county in South Dakota, and was estimated to be 115,979 in 2024. Its county seat is Rapid City. The county was created on January 11, 1875, and was organized on April 19, 1877. It is named for John L. Pennington, fifth Governor of Dakota Territory, who held office in 1875 when the county was formed. Pennington County is included in the Rapid City metropolitan statistical area. It is also the location of Mount Rushmore.
The Day of the Wolves
The Day of the Wolves is a 1971 heist movie starring Richard Egan and directed, written and produced by Ferde Grofe Jr., the son of the renowned composer, Ferde Grofé, who had previously worked in the Philippine film industry. It was the first movie to be made on location in the new town of Lake Havasu City, Arizona. This was the last feature film made by actress Martha Hyer and was also the last film made by actor Percy Helton who died about five months after filming wrapped (Helton's last released film was Legend of the Northwest, released in 1978 but made in the 1960s and shelved for a decade).

Richard Egan (actor)
Richard Egan (July 29, 1921 – July 20, 1987) was an American actor. After beginning his career in 1949, he subsequently won a Golden Globe Award for his performances in the films The Glory Brigade (1953) and The Kid from Left Field (1953). He went on to star in many films such as Underwater! (1955), Seven Cities of Gold (1955), The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956), Love Me Tender (1956), Tension at Table Rock (1956), A Summer Place (1959), Esther and the King (1960) and The 300 Spartans (1962).
Physeteroidea
Physeteroidea is a superfamily that includes three extant species of whales: the sperm whale, in the genus Physeter, and the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale, in the genus Kogia. In the past, these genera have sometimes been united in a single family, the Physeteridae, with the two Kogia species in the subfamily Kogiinae; however, recent practice is to allocate the genus Kogia to its own family, the Kogiidae, leaving the Physeteridae as a monotypic (single extant species) family, although additional fossil representatives of both families are known.

Kogiidae
Kogiidae is a family comprising at least two extant species of Cetacea, the pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales. As their common names suggest, they somewhat resemble sperm whales, with squared heads and small lower jaws, but are much smaller, with much shorter skulls and more notable dorsal fins than sperm whales. Kogiids are also characterized by a "false gill slit" behind their eyes.

A number of extinct genera have been named.
Joseph Gahama
Joseph Gahama (born October 28, 1953) is a Burundian historian specialized in African history.

Gahama holds PhD in History of African Societies in 1980 from Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University. He served continuously 19 years as Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor and Professor of history department in University of Burundi from 1981 to 2000.

In 2000, Gahama moved to Rwanda where he worked in various universities such as Kigali Institute of Education (KIE), University of Rwanda and East African University Rwanda . He served as Vice Chancellor of East African University Rwanda from 2016 to 2020.

University of Burundi
The University of Burundi (Kirundi: Kaminuza y'Uburundi, French: Université du Burundi, UB) is the biggest public university in Burundi, with its main campus located in Bujumbura, Burundi. Founded in 1964, it comprises eight faculties and five institutes and has a student enrollment of approximately 13,000. It is based in three campuses in Bujumbura and a fourth in Gitega. It took its current name in 1977 and is Burundi's only publicly funded university.
Fieldy
Reginald Quincy Arvizu (born November 2, 1969),  also known as Fieldy, is an American musician, best known as the former bassist for nu metal band Korn from 1993 to 2021. He is also the guitarist/bassist for rock band StillWell.

StillWell
Stillwell is an American rock band formed by Q-Unique from The Arsonists and Kings Bounty, Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu from Korn, and Wuv from P.O.D. The band has released three albums and one EP. They released their third studio album, Supernatural Miracle, on September 18, 2020.
Under One Roof (2008 TV series)
Under One Roof is a sitcom starring musician and Flavor of Love star Flavor Flav and comic actor Kelly Perine best known for his work on One on One. The series is written by Danielle Quarles. It premiered on MyNetworkTV on April 16, 2008 at 8:00PM Eastern/7:00PM Central.

Under One Roof was one of the last first-run primetime shows to air on MyNetworkTV before the network's change to a syndicated programming service.

Flavor Flav
William Jonathan Drayton Jr. (born March 16, 1959), known by his stage name Flavor Flav. (/ˈfleɪvər ˌfleɪv/ FLAY-vər FLAYV), is an American rapper and television personality. Known for his catchphrase "Yeah, boyeeeeee!" when performing, he is a founding member alongside Chuck D, of Public Enemy, a rap group that has earned six Grammy Award nominations. He has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

After spending several years out of the limelight, Flav starred in multiple VH1 reality series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love, and Flavor of Love.
Nathan S. Joseph
Nathan Solomon Joseph  (London, 17 December 1834 – 1909) was an English philanthropist, social reformer, architect, and Jewish communal leader.

Joseph collaborated on the design of a number of important synagogues, including the Garnethill Synagogue,  New West End Synagogue, and  Hampstead Synagogue. He was also  noted for his work in designing improved housing for the poor.

Joseph published widely on Jewish and  social reform issues.  Among his books are Religion Natural and Revealed: A Series of Progressive Lessons for Jewish Youth (1879) and The Persecution of the Jews in Russia (1890).  He signed his published work N.S. Joseph.

He is buried in Willesden Jewish Cemetery.

New West End Synagogue
The New West End Synagogue is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located in St. Petersburgh Place, Bayswater, in the City of Westminster, London, England, in the United Kingdom. The congregation has been a member of United Synagogue since 1879.

Completed in 1879, the synagogue building is one of the oldest synagogues in the United Kingdom in use and was designated as a Grade I listed building by Historic England in 1975. Styled in the form of Creative Eclecticism, the architectural style of the building show symbolic references to the Islamic, Japanese, Gothic Revival, Saracenic and Classical Revival styles.
Beth Israel Synagogue (Halifax, Nova Scotia)
Beth Israel Synagogue (Hebrew: בית ישראל) is a Modern Orthodox synagogue located at 1480 Oxford Street in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Formally chartered by a Private Member's Bill in the Nova Scotia legislature in 1895, it grew out of the Baron de Hirsch Hebrew Benevolent Society (named after Baron Maurice de Hirsch), which was formed in 1890. It was the first Orthodox congregation in Canada east of Montreal, and still provides the only daily minyan in Canada east of Montreal. In 1953, several families from the Beth Israel Synagogue left to form the Shaar Shalom Synagogue. The Beth Israel is also one of the few synagogues in the region with a functioning mikveh.

As of 2016 the rabbi was Yakov Kerzner.

Shaar Shalom Synagogue
The Shaar Shalom Synagogue (inscribed in Hebrew: עדת שער שלום, Adas Shaar Shalom on the corner of the building), is a Conservative synagogue located in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

The Shaar Shalom Synagogue was among the first Canadian Conservative synagogues to hire women in clergy positions and welcome same-sex partners as members.
125th IOC Session
The 125th IOC Session took place at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 7 to 10 September 2013. On 7 September, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) elected Tokyo as the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Wrestling was restored to the Olympic sports program for 2020 and 2024. Thomas Bach was elected to an eight-year term as IOC President on 10 September.

Thomas Bach
Thomas Bach (born 29 December 1953) is a German lawyer, former foil fencer, and Olympic gold medalist. He served as the ninth president of the International Olympic Committee from 2013 to 2025. He was the first ever Olympic champion to be elected to that position. Since 2025, he has served as Honorary President of the International Olympic Committee. Bach is also a former German individual foil champion as well as a team world champion, and former member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation's executive board.
Baseball (book series)
Baseball is a three-volume book series about the history of baseball by historians Harold Seymour and Dorothy Seymour Mills. The series, praised for its research and fact-finding, is widely considered to be the first scholarly examination of the game's history.

Harold Seymour
Harold Seymour (June 10, 1910 – September 26, 1992) was an American baseball historian and academic who is best known as the co-author of the baseball history trilogy: Baseball: The Early Years, Baseball: The Golden Age, Baseball: The People's Game. Though Seymour was initially credited as the sole author of the highly acclaimed trilogy, his wife Dorothy Seymour Mills was the one who did much of the extensive research and writing for the books.

The Seymour Medal, awarded annually by the Society for American Baseball Research to the best baseball book, is named after Dorothy and Harold Seymour.