hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Petrosomatoglyph
A petrosomatoglyph is a supposed image of parts of a human or animal body in rock. They occur all over the world, often functioning as an important form of symbolism, used in religious and secular ceremonies, such as the crowning of kings. Some are regarded as artefacts linked to saints or culture heroes.

The word comes from the Greek πέτρα (petra, 'stone'), σῶμα (soma, 'body'), and γλύφειν (glyphein, 'to carve'). Feet are the most common; however, other features including knees, elbows, hands, heads and fingers are also found.

Stylised representations of parts of the body are often open to dispute and are therefore on the fringes of acceptability as identifiable petrosomatoglyphs. Natural objects, such as rock crystals and rock formations which look like petrosomatoglyphs, whole animals, plants, etc., are collectively called "mimetoliths".

Buddha footprint
Buddha's footprints (Sanskrit: Buddhapada)( Tibetan: སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་རྗེས། ) is an important Buddhist symbol which is commonly depicted as icons shaped like an imprint of Gautama Buddha's foot or both feet. There are two forms: natural, as found in stone or rock, and those made artificially.: 301  Many of the "natural" ones are acknowledged not to be genuine footprints of the Buddha, but rather replicas or representations of them, which can be considered cetiya (Buddhist relics) and also an early aniconic and symbolic representation of the Buddha.
Billy Mitchell (volcano)
Billy Mitchell is a dormant pyroclastic shield volcano in central Bougainville, just north-east of the Bagana Volcano in Papua New Guinea. It is a small pyroclastic shield truncated by a 2 km wide caldera filled by a crater lake. It is named after Billy Mitchell, a 20th-century United States Army general who is sometimes regarded as the father of the United States Air Force.

Pyroclastic shield
In volcanology, a pyroclastic shield or ignimbrite shield is an uncommon type of shield volcano. Unlike most shield volcanoes, pyroclastic shields are formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano.
They typically display low-angle flank slopes and often have a central caldera caused by large eruptions. Lava is commonly extruded after explosive activity has ended. The paucity of associated Plinian fall deposits indicates that pyroclastic shields are characterized by low Plinian columns.

Pyroclastic shields are commonly known to form in the Central Andes of South America, as well as in Melanesia (the island of Bougainville alone has two). There are also pyroclastic shields in Africa, such as Emi Koussi in Chad.
1880 Michigan Wolverines football team
The 1880 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1880 college football season. The team was the second intercollegiate football team to represent the University of Michigan. They played one game, defeating the team from the University of Toronto, 13 to 6, at the Toronto Lacrosse Club. Michigan scored two touchdowns and one goal; Toronto scored three safety touchdowns.

The team had no coach, and John Chase was the captain. Chase later became a general and commander of the Colorado National Guard in two of the most significant confrontations between American military forces and organized labor – the Colorado Labor Wars of 1903–1904 and the Ludlow Massacre of April 1914. The team's quarterback, Edmond H. Barmore, went into the business of building steamships from 1881 to 1886 and later operated the Los Angeles Transfer Company for about 40 years.

John Chase (general)
John Chase (December 10, 1856 – May 3, 1918) was an American medical doctor and commander of the Colorado National Guard. He was the commander of the Colorado National Guard in several of the most significant confrontations between American military forces and organized labor — the Colorado Labor Wars of 1903–1904, Colorado Coalfield War, and the Ludlow Massacre of April 1914. He was a graduate of the University of Michigan where he played college football for the 1879 Michigan Wolverines football team, the first football team to represent the University of Michigan, and was captain of the 1880 team.
Andrzej Feliks Grabski
Andrzej Feliks Grabski (13 September 1934 in Warsaw – 26 June 2000 in Łodź) was a Polish historian and medievalist.

He was the son of Andrzej Kazimierz Grabski. His grandfather was Władysław Grabski. He graduated from the University of Łódź in 1955.

Władysław Grabski
Władysław Dominik Grabski (pronounced [vwaˈdɨswav ˈɡrapskʲi]; in official Russian documents Владисла́в Фе́ликсович Гра́бский; 7 July 1874 – 1 March 1938) was a Polish National Democratic politician, economist and historian. He was the main author of the currency reform in the Second Polish Republic and served as Prime Minister of Poland in 1920 and from 1923 to 1925. He was the brother of Stanisław Grabski and Zofia Kirkor-Kiedroniowa.

He was responsible for the creation of the Bank of Poland and implementing the zloty. Grabski's cabinet became the longest-standing cabinet in interwar Poland. At the same time, however, Grabski's cabinet was severely criticized. Stanisław Głąbiński, for example, criticized Grabski's inefficiencies in the sphere of international relations, and Wincenty Witos disapproved of Grabski's deficient agricultural reform, as well as his inability to inform the public of the state's real financial situation.
Nazeer Akbarabadi
Nazeer Akbarabadi (born Wali Muhammad; 1735 – 1830) was an 18th-century Indian poet known as "Father of Nazm", who wrote Urdu ghazals and nazms under the pen name (takhallus) "Nazeer", most remembered for his poems like  Banjaranama (Chronicle of the Nomad), a satire.

Banjaranama
The Banjaranama (بنجارانامہ, बंजारानामा, Chronicle of the Nomad) is a satirical Urdu poem, written by the eighteenth-century Indian poet Nazeer Akbarabadi. The poem's essential message is that pride in worldly success is foolish, because human circumstances can change in a flash, material wealth and splendor is always transient, and death is the only certainty for all men. The poem quickly captured the popular imagination, and achieved fame in the Indian subcontinent that has lasted for over two centuries. Critics have observed that, despite the deliberate simplicity of its language, the poem's idioms and imagery were dazzling in their span, and portrayed lives of wealth and power as ultimately subject to a nomad's whims (an allusion to death). The poem continues to be hailed as distilling "the teachings of thousands of years into one summary form."
Giovita Brescianino
Giovita Brescianino (also called Giovita da Brescia or simply Bresciano or Brescianino after his native town) was an Italian painter and a pupil of Lattanzio Gambara. He was active in about the year 1580. He should not be confused with later painters called Brescianino.

He worked in Brescia, Italy, which is located in the northwestern section of the Po Valley, at the foot of the Brescian Prealps, between the Mella and the Naviglio, with the Lake Iseo to the west and the Lake Garda to the east. According to Bryan, "he was a reputable painter of history, both in oil and fresco."

Lattanzio Gambara
Lattanzio Gambara (c. 1530 – 18 March 1574) was an Italian painter, active in Renaissance and Mannerist styles. It is likely that Gambara is the same 16th century painter referred to as Lattanzio Cremonese or Lattanzio da Cremona.
Paul DiPasquale
Paul DiPasquale is a sculptor living and working in Richmond, Virginia. He has designed several public sculptures in Virginia, including the Arthur Ashe Monument on Richmond's Monument Avenue and King Neptune on Virginia Beach's boardwalk.

King Neptune (statue)
King Neptune is a large bronze statue located in Virginia Beach, Virginia designed by Paul DiPasquale. It stands at the entrance of Neptune Park on the Virginia Beach Boardwalk at 31st Street, and depicts the mythological god Neptune.

The sculpture weighs 12.5 tons and is 34 feet (10 m) tall. Production of the statue began in 2003 and was completed and dedicated on September 30, 2005.

The design consists of a 12-foot tall rock base surrounded by various fish, two dolphins spanning 17 feet (5.2 m) and 15 feet (4.6 m) respectively, and an 8 feet (2.4 m) octopus climbing the base of the statue. Above this base, the figure of Neptune begins, starting with his waist. Neptune holds a trident in his right hand and rests his left hand on a loggerhead turtle that is 11 feet (3.4 m) in diameter.
Timo Tjahjanto
Timothy Tjahjanto (Indonesian: [tʃahˈjanto]; born 4 September 1980) is an Indonesian filmmaker known for his film works mostly on the horror and action genres. Tjahjanto owns the film production company Merah Production.

Apart from directing, producing, and writing story for his own films, Tjahjanto is also known as one half of The Mo Brothers with friend and fellow filmmaker Kimo Stamboel. The duo received a Citra Award nomination for Best Director in 2016 for Headshot while Tjahjanto himself won the Maya Award for Best Director in 2019 for May the Devil Take You.

Headshot (2016 film)
Headshot is a 2016 Indonesian action thriller film directed by the Mo Brothers and written by Timo Tjahjanto. The film stars Iko Uwais and Chelsea Islan, alongside Sunny Pang, Julie Estelle, David Hendrawan, Zack Lee, Very Tri Yulisman, Bront Palarae and Yayu Unru. The film revolves around a man with amnesia (Uwais), who sets out to protect the doctor who saved his life (Islan) from a crime syndicate and also uncover his past.

Headshot premiered on September 9, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival and theatrically on December 8, 2016 in Indonesia. It received generally positive reviews from critics with praise for its cast performances (particularly Uwais and Islan), direction and action sequences.
Anacostia Tributary Trail System
The Anacostia Tributary Trail System (ATTS) is a unified and signed system of stream valley trails joining trails along the Anacostia tributaries of Northwest Branch, Northeast Branch, Indian Creek and Paint Branch with a trail along the Anacostia River, set aside and maintained by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C.

ATTS is a part of the East Coast Greenway, a 3,000-mile-long system of trails connecting Maine to Florida and the American Discovery Trail, a trail system stretching from the Delaware coast to San Francisco. It is located within the Anacostia Trail Heritage Area.

Paint Branch
Paint Branch is a 17.0-mile-long (27.4 km) tributary stream of the Anacostia River that flows Southeastwards through Montgomery County and Prince George's County, Maryland. Specifically, its primary tributary is of the Northeast Branch, which flows to the Anacostia River, Potomac River and the Chesapeake Bay. The beginning elevation of the stream is 480 feet above sea level and it subsequently drops to 30 feet when its flows meet the Indian Creek in College Park, Maryland.

The headwaters of Paint Branch are located near Spencerville (about 11.5 miles (18.5 km) north of Washington, D.C.) and the stream flows south for 14 miles (23 km) to its confluence with the Northeast Branch. The watershed area is 20.8 square miles (54 km2) and includes portions of the communities of Spencerville, Cloverly, Fairland, Colesville, White Oak and College Park, Maryland.
Courageaux (1798 ship)
Courageaux was commissioned in Bordeaux in 1798. She made two cruises as a privateer before HMS Alcmene captured her in 1799. The British Royal Navy took her into service as HMS Lutine. She had a brief operational life in the Royal Navy, serving primarily as a prison ship. At the end of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1802, the Royal Navy sold her in the Mediterranean.

HMS Alcmene (1794)
HMS Alcmene was a 32-gun Alcmene-class fifth rate of the Royal Navy. This frigate served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars under the command of several notable officers. Alcmene was active in several theatres of the war, spending most of her time cruising in search of enemy vessels or privateers, and escorting convoys. She fought at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801 and served in the blockade of the French coasts during the later Napoleonic Wars until she was wrecked on the French coast in 1809.
Gaius Marius (consul 82 BC)
Gaius Marius "the Younger" (c. 110 BC – 82 BC) was a Roman republican general and politician who became consul in 82 BC with Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. He was the son of the Gaius Marius who was the victor of the Jugurthine and Cimbric wars. He fought in Sulla's civil war. He committed suicide that same year at Praeneste, after his defeat by Sulla and during the city's capture by Quintus Lucretius Afella.

Palestrina
Palestrina (ancient Praeneste; Ancient Greek: Πραίνεστος, Praínestos) is a modern Italian city and comune (municipality) with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon the ruins of the ancient city of Praeneste.

Palestrina is the birthplace of composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.
Porto Airport
Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (IATA: OPO, ICAO: LPPR) or simply Porto Airport (formerly Pedras Rubras Airport) is an international airport near Porto (Oporto), Portugal. It is located 11 km (6.8 mi) northwest of the Clérigos Tower (in the centre of Porto). Its location is split between the municipalities of Maia, Matosinhos and Vila do Conde. The airport is run by ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal and is currently the second-busiest in the country, based on aircraft operations; and the second-busiest in passengers, based on Aeroportos de Portugal traffic statistics, after Lisbon Airport and before Faro Airport. The airport is a base for easyJet, Ryanair, TAP Air Portugal and its subsidiary TAP Express.

Vila do Conde
Vila do Conde (pronounced [ˈvilɐ ðu ˈkõdɨ] ⓘ, locally [ˈbilɐ ðu ˈkoŋdɨ]; "the Count's Town") is a municipality in the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 79,533, in an area of 149.03 km2. The urbanized area of Vila do Conde, which includes the parishes of Vila do Conde, Azurara and Árvore, represent 36,137 inhabitants. Vila do Conde is interlinked to the north with Póvoa de Varzim, forming a single urban agglomeration which is a part of the Porto Metropolitan Area. The town is on the Portuguese Way of the Camino de Santiago.
Matlock, Derbyshire
Matlock is the county town of Derbyshire, England. It is in the south-eastern part of the Peak District, with the National Park directly to the west.  The spa resort of Matlock Bath is immediately south of the town as well as Cromford lying further south still. The civil parish of Matlock Town had a population in the 2021 UK census of 10,000.

Matlock is 9 miles (14 km) south-west of Chesterfield and in close reach of the cities of Derby (19 miles), Sheffield (20 miles) and Nottingham (29 miles). Matlock is within the Derbyshire Dales district and is the headquarters of Derbyshire County Council.

Derbyshire County Council
Derbyshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire in England. The non-metropolitan county is smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes Derby. The county council is based at County Hall in Matlock. The council has been under Reform UK majority control since the 2025 election. The council is a constituent member of the East Midlands Combined County Authority.
Big Tymers
Big Tymers (also stylized as Big Tymer$) is an American hip hop duo composed of Cash Money Records co-founder Baby (later known as Birdman) and the label's in-house producer Mannie Fresh, both of whom originate from New Orleans, Louisiana. Formed in 1997, the act is a spin-off of the label's supergroup, Cash Money Millionaires.

The duo has released five studio albums: How You Luv That (1997) and its reissue (1998), I Got That Work (2000), Hood Rich (2002), and Big Money Heavyweight (2003). Hood Rich peaked atop the Billboard 200 and spawned the single "Still Fly", which peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2005, Mannie Fresh resigned from Cash Money due to financial disputes with Birdman and his brother, Ronald "Slim" Williams, effectively dissolving the duo.

In 2018, the duo reunited for the song "Designer Caskets", released for the Cash Money Records documentary soundtrack album Before Anythang.

Big Money Heavyweight
Big Money Heavyweight is the fifth studio album by hip hop duo Big Tymers. It was released on December 9, 2003, through Cash Money Records and was mainly produced by Mannie Fresh, with other production handled by R. Kelly, Jazze Pha and Leslie Brathwaite. The album debuted at number 21 on the Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 116,000 copies in the US and was certified Gold by the RIAA.
Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is a form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment or cutting of the parent plant or  specialized reproductive structures, which are sometimes called vegetative propagules.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative propagules to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium, making them more challenging to propagate.

Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes.

Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.

Countless plants are propagated each day in horticulture and agriculture.

Plant propagation is vital to agriculture and horticulture, not just for human food production but also for forest and fibre crops,  as well as traditional and herbal medicine. It is also important for plant breeding.
Huequi
Huequi (Spanish pronunciation: [weki]) is a volcano in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. It is in the Southern Volcanic Zone, in the centre of Ayacara Peninsula and close to the Gulf of Ancud. It is made up of a lava dome complex situated in a depression of unclear origin, a postglacial lava dome Calle and a Pleistocene volcano with Holocene parasitic cones, with a sharp summit at 1,318 metres (4,324 ft). There were reports of eruptions 1890–1920, and it is said to have "smoked" in 1935.

Ayacara Peninsula
Ayacara Peninsula is a peninsula in northwestern Patagonia in Chile that protrudes to the northwest. The peninsula bounds to the southwest with Reñihué Fjord and to the northeast with Comau Fjord. The volcano Huequi lies in the central parts of the peninsula. Ayacara Formation crops out in parts of the peninsula.

The hamlets of Ayacara Norte and Buill Norte lies in the western coast of the peninsula.
The Big Music Quiz
The Big Music Quiz is an Australian television game show based on the French series called Le Grand Blind Test  (The Grand Blind Test). The show was hosted by Darren McMullen, and it aired on the Seven Network in 2016. The show pits celebrities together in which they need to answer a range of music trivia challenges, which include identifying original artists of popular cover titles, recognizing song titles played at ten times its normal speed and trying to work out a song sung in a different language.

Darren McMullen
Darren McMullen (born 10 February 1982) is a Scottish-Australian television and radio presenter and personality, music journalist and music critic. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, and emigrated with his family to Australia at the age of 12. He is best known as the co-host of The Voice Australia. Prior to his career as a presenter, he was a student at Bradfield College and then an advertising executive.

In August 2019, McMullen performed as the 'Prawn' in the first season of The Masked Singer Australia.
Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes.

Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed a part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a significant minority of the population. The Catalan names of communes are taken from the Enciclopèdia catalana and are intended for comparison with the official French names: they do not indicate the current or former linguistic status of the commune.

Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ɡustʁin vilnœv de.z‿ɛskald] ⓘ; Catalan: Angostrina i Vilanova de les Escaldes) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
SNCF Class BB 63400
The SNCF Class BB 63400 was a class of centre cab diesel locomotives built for SNCF between 1959 and 1960 by Brissonneau et Lotz. The class consisted of 23 locomotives numbered 63401– 63423. Similar to the more powerful Class BB 63500, the construction was financed under the Eurofima arrangements. Initially they were based at Nantes for use as yard pilots. In later years they were transferred elsewhere as electrification took over. The class was withdrawn from service by 2015.

A BB 63400 locomotive, BB 63413 Plathee, was used as a hybrid locomotive testing platform from 2009 to 2011.

BB 63413 Plathee
BB 63413 PLATHEE (or Plathée in French) is a hybrid locomotive that was used for testing on the French rail operator SNCF. PLATHEE is an acronym for "Platform for Energy- Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Hybrid Trains".
Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway
The Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway was a railroad that operated in Maryland and Pennsylvania in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The 59 miles (95 km) main line ran from Emory Grove, Maryland to Orrtanna, Pennsylvania, with a 6 miles (9.7 km) branch from Valley Junction, Pennsylvania (east of Hanover) to Hanover Junction, Pennsylvania; and later extensions to Highfield, Maryland and York, Pennsylvania.

The railroad was formed from a merger of the Hanover Junction, Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad, the Bachman Valley Railroad and the Baltimore and Hanover Railroad in 1886. It was acquired by the Western Maryland Railway in 1917.

Bachman Valley Railroad
The Bachman Valley Railroad (BV) was a railroad that operated in Pennsylvania and Maryland, United States, in the 19th century. The 13 mile (21 km) line ran from Valley Junction, Pennsylvania (5.5 mi (8.9 km) east of Hanover) to Ebbvale, Maryland (slightly north of Manchester). The railroad was built to transport iron ore to local blast furnaces; it also carried some passengers. The railroad became part of the Western Maryland Railway in 1917.