hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Morgan Russell
Morgan Russell (January 25, 1886 – May 29, 1953) was a modern American artist. With Stanton Macdonald-Wright, he was the founder of Synchromism, a provocative style of abstract painting that dates from 1912 to the 1920s. Russell's "synchromies," which analogized color to music, were an early American contribution to the rise of Modernism.

Synchromism
Synchromism was an art movement founded in 1912 by American artists Stanton Macdonald-Wright (1890–1973) and Morgan Russell (1886–1953).  Their abstract "synchromies," based on an approach to painting that analogized color to music, were among the first abstract paintings in American art.  Though it was short-lived and did not attract many adherents, Synchromism became the first American avant-garde art movement to receive international attention.

One of the difficulties inherent in describing Synchromism as a coherent style is connected to the fact that some Synchromist works are purely abstract while others include representational imagery.
Filippos Tsitos
Filippos Tsitos (born 1966) is a Greek film and television director. He grew up in Exarchia and Chalandri, moving to Berlin, Germany in 1991, where he studied directing at the German Academy of Cinema and Television. He has won the Silver Shell Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival for his film Unfair World.

Unfair World
Unfair World (Greek: Άδικος Κόσμος, translit. Adikos kosmos) is a 2011 Greek drama film directed by Filippos Tsitos.

Tsitos won the award for Best Director and Antonis Kafetzopoulos won the award for Best Actor at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Greek entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist. The film also won the Best Film award at the 3rd Hellenic Film Academy Awards.
Arturo Maly
Arturo Maly (September 6, 1939 – May 25, 2001) was an Argentine character actor.

He made over 50 appearances in film and television in Argentina since his debut in 1970, which happened on the television series Esta noche... miedo. In 1981 he received a Silver Condor Award for Best New Actor for his work in the film Tiempo de revancha.

He appeared in acclaimed Argentine films such as La Aventura explosiva (1977), Alambrado (1991), Corazón iluminado (1996) and La Fuga (2001), among others.

Maly died on May 25, 2001, of a heart attack.

La Aventura explosiva
La Aventura Explosiva is a 1977 Argentine action comedy film, directed by Ricardo Bauleo and Orestes Trucco and written by Salvador Valverde Calvo.  The film starred Víctor Bó. The cinematography was performed by Juan Carlos Desanzo.
Visa requirements for Chadian citizens
Visa requirements for Chad citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Chad. as of April 2025 Chadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 52 countries and territories, ranking the Chadian passport 86th in terms of travel freedom (tied with passports from Haiti, Jordan, Cambodia and Central African Republic) according to the Henley Passport Index.

Chadian passport
The Chadian passport is issued to citizens of Chad for international travel. The Chadian passport is written in three languages; French, English and Arabic.

As of 1 January 2017, Chadian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 51 countries and territories, ranking the Chadian passport 85th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Bhutanese, Chinese, Malian and Rwandan passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.

On 24 September 2017, citizens of Chad who held Chadian passports were banned from entering the United States of America. The reason was that Chadian authorities had run out of passport paper and were unable to submit sample passports to American authorities.
Galactica (roller coaster)
Galactica is a flying roller coaster located in the Forbidden Valley area of Alton Towers amusement park in Staffordshire, England. It originally opened as Air on 16 March 2002 and is the first flying coaster manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard. Guests ride in a prone position, meant to produce the feeling of flight, as the train passes close to the ground, under footpaths, and narrowly past trees and rocks. The ride was refurbished for the 2016 season and reopened as Galactica. It features an 840-metre-long (920 yd) track and reaches a maximum speed of 75 km/h (47 mph; 21 m/s).

Flying roller coaster
A flying roller coaster is a type of steel roller coaster meant to simulate the sensations of flight by harnessing riders in a prone position during the duration of the ride. The roller coaster cars are suspended below the track, with riders secured such that their backs are parallel to the track.
Timothy Bliss
Timothy Vivian Pelham Bliss FRS (born 27 July 1940) is a British neuroscientist. He is an adjunct  professor at the University of Toronto, and a group leader emeritus at the Francis Crick Institute, London.

In 2016 Professor Tim Bliss shared with Professors Graham Collingridge and Richard Morris the 2016 Brain Prize, one of the world's most coveted science prizes.

Graham Collingridge
Graham Leon Collingridge CBE FRS (born 1 February 1955) is a British neuroscientist and professor at the University of Toronto and at the University of Bristol. He is also a senior investigator at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto.

Collingridge's research focuses on the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in health and disease, in particular, understanding synaptic plasticity in molecular terms and how pathological alterations in these processes may lead to major brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. He was with Professors Tim Bliss and Richard Morris as the first UK scientists to share the Brain Prize.
Saturday Night Fish Fry
"Saturday Night Fish Fry" is a jump blues song written by Louis Jordan and Ellis Lawrence Walsh, best known through the version recorded by Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five. The recording is considered to be one of the "excellent and commercially successful" examples of the jump blues genre.

While the origins of rock and roll are disputed, some have also suggested that the song may be the first rock 'n' roll record. The song contains elements later common in rock 'n' roll such as electric guitar, a brisk tempo and "a mix of the bass," and the singer begins each chorus with the catchphrase, "It was rockin'," repeating it several times.

Jump blues
Jump blues is an uptempo style of blues, jazz, and boogie woogie usually played by small groups and featuring horn instruments. It was popular in the 1940s and was a precursor of rhythm and blues and rock and roll. Appreciation of jump blues was renewed in the 1990s as part of the swing revival.
Man or Gun
Man or Gun is a 1958 American Western film directed by Albert C. Gannaway and written by Vance Skarstedt and James J. Cassity. The film stars Macdonald Carey, Audrey Totter, James Craig, James Gleason, Warren Stevens and Harry Shannon. The film, shot in Naturama was released on May 30, 1958, by Republic Pictures.

Macdonald Carey
Edward Macdonald Carey (March 15, 1913 – March 21, 1994) was an American actor. He first made his career starring in various B-movies from the 1940s through the 1960s, (with a few A-picture exceptions like Hitchcock's Shadow of a Doubt), and was known in many Hollywood circles as "King of the Bs". Beginning in 1965, he portrayed patriarch Dr. Tom Horton on NBC's soap opera Days of Our Lives. For almost three decades, he was the show's central cast member, winning two Daytime Emmy Awards.
Southern Army (Syria)
The Southern Army (Arabic: "جيش الجنوب") was an Israeli-proposed paramilitary force in southern Syria, aimed at establishing an Israeli friendly force at a buffer zone along the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights and to deter Iranian and Hezbollah influence in the region.

Al-Ahrar Gathering
Al-Ahrar Gathering was a Free Syrian Army faction based in Quneitra Governorate. This group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Syrian Revolutionaries Front, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Jaysh al-Ababil and others.
Love (2020 film)
Love is a 2020 Indian Malayalam-language psychological thriller film written and directed by Khalid Rahman and produced by Ashiq Usman under the banner of Ashiq Usman Productions. The film stars Shine Tom Chacko and Rajisha Vijayan in the lead roles.

Love marks the tenth project of Ashiq Usman and third film of Khalid Rahman after Unda and Anuraga Karikkin Vellam. The film is co-written and edited by Noufal Abdullah. The music is composed by Yakzan Gary Pereira and Neha Nair, while Jimshi Khalid was hired as the cinematographer.

Shine Tom Chacko
Shine Tom Chacko (born 15 September 1983) is an Indian actor and former assistant director who works in Malayalam cinema along with a few Telugu and Tamil films. After working as an assistant to director Kamal for about 9 years, he forayed into acting through the film, Gaddama. He played supporting roles in several films including Ee Adutha Kaalathu, Chapters, Annayum Rasoolum, Masala Republic, and Jigarthanda DoubleX and played his first lead role in Binu S Kalady's fantasy-comedy film Ithihasa (2014) which dealt with body-swapping.
Unhappy triad
The unhappy triad, also known as a blown knee among other names, is an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and meniscus. Analysis during the 1990s indicated that this 'classic' O'Donoghue triad is actually an unusual clinical entity among athletes with knee injuries. Some authors mistakenly believe that in this type of injury, "combined anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament (ACL- MCL) disruptions that were incurred during athletic endeavors" always present with concomitant medial meniscus injury. However, the 1990 analysis showed that lateral meniscus tears are more common than medial meniscus tears in conjunction with sprains of the ACL.

Meniscus (anatomy)
A meniscus (pl.: menisci or meniscuses) is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that, in contrast to an articular disc, only partly divides a joint cavity. In humans, menisci are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints.

Generally, the term "meniscus" is used to refer to the cartilage of the knee, either to the lateral or medial meniscus. Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion.

The menisci are also known as "semi-lunar" cartilages, referring to their half-moon, crescent shape.
Roy Gaines
Roy James Gaines (August 12, 1937 – August 11, 2021) was an American Texas blues and electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He wrote and recorded the song "A Hell of a Night", which was first issued on his 1982 album Gainelining. He was the younger brother of the blues musician Grady Gaines.

Grady Gaines
Grady Gaines (May 14, 1934 – January 29, 2021) was an American electric blues, Texas blues and jazz blues tenor saxophonist, who performed and recorded with Little Richard in the 1950s. He backed other musicians such as Dee Clark, Little Willie John, Sam Cooke, James Brown, Jackie Wilson, and Joe Tex. He released three albums.
Anjali Pictures
Anjali Pictures is an Indian film production company established in 1952 by music composer P. Adinarayana Rao and his wife, actress Anjali Devi.  The production house is known for producing successful Telugu films, and also ventured into Tamil and Hindi films. The films produced by Anjali Pictures were particularly noted for their emphasis on music.

Later, their elder son Chinna Rao founded the Chinni Brothers banner, under which he produced a few films, with Anjali Devi acting as a presenter. Between 1953 and 1980, Anjali Pictures and Chinni Brothers together produced 27 films, with notable works including Anarkali (1955), Suvarna Sundari (1957), Swarna Manjari (1962), Ammakosam (1970), Bhakta Tukaram (1973), and Mahakavi Kshetrayya (1976).

Anjali Devi
Anjali Devi (pronunciationⓘ 24 August 1927 – 13 January 2014) was an Indian actress, model and producer in Telugu and Tamil films. She was well known for her role as the Devi Sita in Lava Kusa as well as for the title roles in movies like Chenchu Lakshmi, Suvarna Sundari and Anarkali.
Emory River
The Emory River is a river draining a portion of Tennessee's Cumberland Plateau.  It flows for just over 46 miles (74 km) from its source near Frozen Head State Park to its mouth along the Clinch River at Kingston, Tennessee.

Frozen Head State Park
Frozen Head State Park and Natural Area is a state park in Morgan County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.  The park, situated in the Crab Orchard Mountains between the city of Wartburg and the community of Petros, contains some of the highest mountains in Tennessee west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Frozen Head State Park consists of approximately 24,000 acres (97 km2), all but 330 acres (1.3 km2) of which is classified as a state natural area.  The terrain varies between 1,300 ft (400 m) to over 3,000 ft (910 m) with 14 peaks at or over 3,000 feet (910 m).  Frozen Head, the park's namesake, is the highest peak at 3,324 feet (1,013 m).  The mountain's name comes from its snow-capped appearance in colder months.  The park's highest elevations allow for unobstructed views of East Tennessee's three main physiographic features: the Cumberland Plateau, the Tennessee Valley, and across the valley, the Great Smoky Mountains.
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 2nd Worcester district
Massachusetts House of Representatives' 2nd Worcester district in the United States is one of 160 legislative districts included in the lower house of the Massachusetts General Court. It covers part of Worcester County. Democrat Jon Zlotnik of Gardner has represented the district since 2013.

Massachusetts Senate's Worcester and Middlesex district
Massachusetts Senate's Worcester and Middlesex district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covered 0.6% of Middlesex County and 18.7% of Worcester County population in 2010. Democrat John Cronin of Lunenberg has represented the district since 2021.
Kukkia
Kukkia is a medium-sized lake in Finland. It is a part of a chain of lakes that begins from the lakes Lummene, Vehkajärvi and Vesijako at the drainage divide between the Kokemäenjoki and Kymijoki basins and flows westwards from there through the Lake Kuohijärvi into Lake Kukkia. From Kukkia the chain of lakes drains into lake Mallasvesi through the lakes Iso-Roine, Hauhonselkä and Ilmoilanselkä, and the waters ultimately flow to the Gulf of Bothnia. The lake is part of the Kokemäenjoki basin and is located for the main part in the municipality of Pälkäne in the Pirkanmaa region and for a smaller part in the area of the city of Hämeenlinna in the Kanta-Häme region.

Mallasvesi
Mallasvesi is a medium-sized lake in Finland. The lake is part of the Kokemäenjoki basin and located in the municipalities of Pälkäne and Valkeakoski in the Pirkanmaa region. It is a part of a chain of lakes that begins from the lakes Lummene, Vehkajärvi and Vesijako at the drainage divide between the Kokemäenjoki and Kymijoki basins and flows westwards through lakes Kukkia, Iso-Roine, Hauhonselkä and Ilmoilanselkä.
Victoria the Great
Victoria the Great is a 1937 British historical film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Anton Walbrook and Walter Rilla. When Laurence Housman's play Victoria Regina was banned by the Lord Chamberlain (in 1935 the royal family could not be shown on the British stage), its subsequent Broadway success prompted King Edward VIII to commission producer Herbert Wilcox to turn it into a film, commemorating the centenary of Victoria's reign. The film biography of Queen Victoria concentrates initially on the early years of her reign with her marriage to Prince Albert and her subsequent rule after Albert's death in 1861. It was released in the year of Victoria’s great-grandson King George VI's coronation, which was also the centennial of Victoria's own accession to the throne. The movie was so successful that a sequel appeared the following year, Sixty Glorious Years.

Anna Neagle
Dame Florence Marjorie Wilcox (née Robertson; 20 October 1904 – 3 June 1986), known professionally as Anna Neagle, was an English stage and film actress, singer, and dancer.

She was a successful box-office draw in British cinema for 20 years and was voted the most popular star in Britain in 1949. She was known for providing glamour and sophistication to war-torn London audiences with her lightweight musicals, comedies, and historical dramas. Almost all of her films were produced and directed by Herbert Wilcox, whom she married in 1943.

In her historical dramas, Neagle was renowned for her portrayals of British historical figures, including Nell Gwyn (Nell Gwyn, 1934), Queen Victoria (Victoria the Great, 1937 and Sixty Glorious Years, 1938), Edith Cavell (Nurse Edith Cavell, 1939), and Florence Nightingale (The Lady with a Lamp, 1951).
Koko the Clown
Koko the Clown is an animated cartoon character created by Max Fleischer. His first appearance was as the main protagonist in Out of the Inkwell (1918–1929), a major animated series of the silent era. Throughout the series, he goes on many adventures with his canine companion "Fitz the Dog", who would later evolve into Bimbo in the Betty Boop cartoons.

Out of the Inkwell
Out of the Inkwell is an American animated film series of the silent era created by Max Fleischer, which pioneered the use of several animation techniques during its run. The shorts were a mix between live-action and animation, with cartoon character Koko the Clown (initially known as "The Inkwell Clown" or simply "The Clown") interacting with the people around him, most notably Fleischer himself (referred to as "The Boss").

The series was first produced at Bray Pictures between 1918 and 1921, when Max and Dave Fleischer founded Inkwell Studios, releasing the series through various state-rights companies (including what would become Warner Bros. Pictures) until 1924 when the Fleischers joined Red Seal Pictures. After Red Seal folded in 1927, Paramount Pictures picked up the series and renamed it The Inkwell Imps, which ran until 1929.
House of Charm
The House of Charm is a historic museum building in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. It was built for the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition, and like most buildings from the exposition, it features Mission Revival architecture. It acquired its current name during the California Pacific International Exposition. It now houses the Mingei International Museum as well as rehearsal space for the Old Globe Theatre. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Balboa Park (San Diego)
Balboa Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) historic urban cultural park in San Diego, California. Placed in reserve in 1835, the park's site is one of the oldest in the United States dedicated to public recreational use. The park hosts various museums, theaters, restaurants, and the San Diego Zoo. It is managed and maintained by the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of San Diego.

Balboa Park hosted the 1915–16 Panama–California Exposition and 1935–36 California Pacific International Exposition, both of which left architectural landmarks. The park and its historic exposition buildings were declared a National Historic Landmark and National Historic Landmark District in 1977, and placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Bunchy Carter
Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter (October 12, 1942 – January 17, 1969) was an American activist. Carter is credited as a founding member of the Southern California chapter of the Black Panther Party. Carter was shot and killed by a rival group, Ron Karenga's "Us", and is celebrated by his supporters as a martyr in the Black Power movement in the United States. Carter is portrayed by Gaius Charles in the 2015 TV series Aquarius.

Huey P. Newton
Huey Percy Newton (February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was an American revolutionary and political activist who co-founded the Black Panther Party in 1966. He ran the party as its first leader and crafted its ten-point manifesto with Bobby Seale. Under his leadership, the party organized numerous social programs and community events, advocated for collective defense, and threatened political violence in service of their goals.

Newton stated that Plato's Republic influenced his philosophy of activism. He went on to earn a PhD in social philosophy from the University of California at Santa Cruz's History of Consciousness program in 1980.

He was tried for, but ultimately not convicted of, the criminal homicides of a police officer and a sex worker. He was convicted of, and incarcerated on separate occasions for, weapons and embezzlement offenses.  He was accused of rape, and complicity in other targeted violence.  He was murdered in 1989.
Curious George Goes to Town
Curious George Goes to Town was a children's water play and ball play area at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood.

The Florida attraction originally opened in 1998 on the former site of The Bates Motel Set used in Psycho IV: The Beginning. Universal Studios Florida closed the attraction permanently on January 16, 2023, alongside Fievel's Playland, DreamWorks Destination, Woody Woodpecker's Nuthouse Coaster and Shrek and Donkey's Meet and Greet, with its last day of operation on January 15. As part of the new DreamWorks Land that opened on June 14, 2024, it was re-themed to Po's Kung Fu Training Camp, based on the Kung Fu Panda franchise.

A similar attraction, The Adventures of Curious George, opened in March 2008 at Universal Studios Hollywood, replacing the Nickelodeon Blast Zone. On September 6, 2013, the attraction was closed to make way for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter.

An American Tail Theatre
An American Tail Theatre (also known as An American Tail Live) was an attraction at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood. It was based on An American Tail and its sequel, An American Tail: Fievel Goes West. The show opened in Florida with the rest of the park on June 7, 1990, and opened in Hollywood in the same year. It closed in Florida in 1992, and was replaced with Beetlejuice's Rock and Roll Graveyard Revue, while the one in Hollywood closed in 1997 and was replaced with Terminator 2 3D: Battle Across Time.
Info-gap decision theory
Info-gap decision theory seeks to optimize robustness to failure under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest. It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle.

It was developed by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under "severe uncertainty".  It has been criticized as unsuited for this purpose, and alternatives proposed, including such classical approaches as robust optimization.

Robust optimization
Robust optimization is a field of mathematical optimization theory that deals with optimization problems in which a certain measure of robustness is sought against uncertainty that can be represented as deterministic variability in the value of the parameters of the problem itself and/or its solution. It is related to, but often distinguished from, probabilistic optimization methods such as chance-constrained optimization.