hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nooksack language
Nooksack (Nooksack: Lhéchelesem, /'ɬə.t͡ʃə.lə.səm/) is a Coast Salish language of the Salishan language family. Nooksack is spoken by the Nooksack people, who reside primarily along the Nooksack River in Whatcom County, Washington.

Linguistically, Nooksack is most closely related to the Squamish, shíshálh and Halkomelem languages, which are all spoken in nearby parts of British Columbia, Canada. Some researchers have questioned whether the Nooksack language is simply a divergent dialect of Halkomelem, but research has proved that Nooksack is in fact a distinct language.

The Nooksack language has only one fluent speaker as of 2020.

Coast Salish languages
The Coast Salish languages, also known as the Central Salish languages, are a branch of the Salishan language family. These languages are spoken by First Nations or Native American peoples inhabiting the Pacific Northwest, in the territory that is now known as the southwest coast of British Columbia around the Strait of Georgia and Washington State around Puget Sound. The term "Coast Salish" also refers to the cultures in British Columbia and Washington who speak one of these languages or dialects.
Business Process Model and Notation
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model.

Originally developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), BPMN has been maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) since the two organizations merged in 2005. Version 2.0 of BPMN was released in January 2011, at which point the name was amended to Business Process Model and Notation to reflect the introduction of execution semantics, which  were introduced alongside the existing notational and diagramming elements. Though it is an OMG specification, BPMN is also ratified as ISO 19510. The latest version is BPMN 2.0.2, published in January 2014.

Activity diagram
Activity diagrams
are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions
with support for choice, iteration, and concurrency.
In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational processes (i.e., workflows), as well as the data flows intersecting with the related activities.
"Object nodes hold data that is input to and output from executable nodes, and moves across object flow edges.
Control nodes specify sequencing of executable nodes via control flow edges."
In other words, although activity diagrams primarily show the overall control flow, they can also include elements showing the data flow between activities through one or more data stores.
Irma P. Hall
Irma Dolores Player Hall (born June 3, 1935) is an American actress who has appeared in films and television shows since the early 1970s. Hall often played matriarchal figures in films including A Family Thing, The Ladykillers and Soul Food, in which she portrayed Josephine "Big Mama Joe" Joseph, a role she reprised in the television series of the same name. Hall earned an NAACP Image Award nomination for portraying the character in the film version.

She also appeared in Collateral and two films by director Werner Herzog. For her performance in The Ladykillers, she won the Jury Prize at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival.

A Family Thing
A Family Thing is a 1996 American Southern Gothic family drama film directed by Richard Pearce and written by Billy Bob Thornton and Tom Epperson. The film features Robert Duvall as a farm equipment rental and dealership owner in rural Arkansas who travels to Chicago, Illinois to meet his long-lost half brother, portrayed by James Earl Jones, after discovering that his biological mother was an African-American maid to his family.
Bodo Kirchhoff
Bodo Kirchhoff (born 6 July 1948) is a German writer and novelist. He was born in Hamburg before moving with his family to Kirchzarten in the Black Forest in 1955, which he describes as a culture shock. In addition to writing literary fiction, he has worked on various projects for German television, such as long-runner Tatort, and has written movie screenplays. One of his best-known novels is Infanta (1990), which has been translated into more than a dozen languages.  In 2016, his novel, which features an African migrant in Italy, Encounter won the German Book Prize.

German Book Prize
The German Book Prize (German: Deutscher Buchpreis) is awarded annually, in October, by the German Publishers and Booksellers Association (Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels) to the best new German-language novel of the year. The books, published in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, are nominated by their publishers, who can propose up to two books from their current or planned publication list. The books should be in shops before the short-list is announced in September of the award year. The winner is awarded €25,000, while the five shortlisted authors receive €2,500 each. It is presented annually during the Frankfurt Book Fair.

The prize was created in 2005, as a successor to the Deutscher Bücherpreis, to heighten awareness for authors writing in German. It is based on the same idea as literary prizes such as the Booker Prize or the Prix Goncourt.
El Capitan Granite
El Capitan Granite is a type of granite (also see granodiorite), in a large area near El Capitan, in Yosemite National Park, California, United States. The granite forms part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (also known as Tuolumne Batholith), one of the four major intrusive suites within the Sierra Nevada.

El Capitan granite is mostly unjointed.

Half Dome Granodiorite
Half Dome Granodiorite is granodiorite (see also granite) found in a region on and near Half Dome, in Yosemite National Park, California, United States. The granodiorite forms part of the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite (aka Tuolumne Batholith), one of the four major intrusive suites within the Sierra Nevada.
David Bradley (director)
David Shedd Bradley (6 April 1920 in Winnetka, Illinois – 19 December 1997 in Los Angeles, California) was an American motion picture director, actor, film collector, and university instructor. He is known for the films 12 to the Moon and They Saved Hitler's Brain (an edited version of Madman of Mandoras and listed as one of the worst films of all time).

They Saved Hitler's Brain
They Saved Hitler's Brain is a 1968 TV movie directed by David Bradley. It was adapted for television from a shorter 1963 theatrical feature film, Madmen of Mandoras, directed by Bradley and produced by Carl Edwards. The film was lengthened by about 20 minutes with additional footage shot by UCLA students at the request of the distributor. It is often cited as being one of the worst films ever made.
Laffrey
Laffrey (French pronunciation: [lafʁɛ]) is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France. It stands at the top of the Rampe de Laffrey, which is known for a large number of deadly automobile accidents.

Rampe de Laffrey
The rampe de Laffrey (sometimes called the descente de Laffrey or the côte de Laffrey) is a section of France's Route nationale 85, itself part of the route Napoléon. It connects the communes of Laffrey and Vizille in the department of Isère, about 15 kilometers southeast of Grenoble.

This steep and mostly relatively straight section of road ends in a sharp turn, and it is known for the high number of fatal accidents that have occurred in this final curve. Four of them, in 1946, 1973, 1975, and 2007, involved buses of pilgrims returning from Notre Dame de la Salette, and are among the deadliest in French history.
Guido van Rossum
Guido van Rossum (Dutch: [ˈxidoː vɑn ˈrɔsʏm]; born 31 January 1956) is a Dutch programmer. He is the creator of the Python programming language, for which he was the "benevolent dictator for life" (BDFL) until he stepped down from the position on 12 July 2018. He remained a member of the Python Steering Council through 2019, and withdrew from nominations for the 2020 election.

Benevolent dictator for life
Benevolent dictator for life (BDFL) is a tongue-in-cheek title given to a small number of open-source software development leaders, typically project founders who retain the final say in disputes or arguments within the community. It was first used in 1995 for Guido van Rossum, the creator of the Python programming language.
Life Guard Dragoons (Sweden)
The Life Guard Dragoons (Swedish: Livgardets dragoner), designated K 1, was a Swedish Army cavalry unit active from 1949 to 2000. The unit was formed as a squadron called the Life Guards Squadron (Livgardesskvadronen) in 1949, as a replacement for the previous K 1, the Life Regiment of Horse (1928–1948). In 1975 the squadron were made into a regiment, titled the Life Guard Dragoons with Stockholm Defence District (Livgardets dragoner med Stockholms försvarsområde K 1/Fo 44), redesignated the Life Guard Dragoons in 1984. The regiment had ceremonial mounted cavalry duties, as well as training recruits and providing part of the garrison in Stockholm. In accordance with that year's Defence Act, the regiment was amalgamated into the Life Guards in 2000, thus combining the infantry and cavalry guard units of the Swedish Army.

Stockholm Defence District
Stockholm Defence District (Swedish: Stockholms försvarsområde, Fo 44), was a Swedish defence district which operated from 1939 to 2000. Fo 44 was responsible for the defence of Stockholm and its key task was to protect the national Swedish administration, that is, the head of state (king), parliament and the Swedish government.
Chandra Kumar De
Chandra Kumar De (Bengali: চন্দ্রকুমার দে, romanized: Chôndrôkumar De; 1889–1946) was a writer and collector of medieval folklore and folk ballads of East Bengal villages, mostly in the Greater Mymensingh region which is now in Bangladesh. Today, he is an important folklore collector of Bengal, and his collected ballads are an important part of Bengali folk literature, they were published by University of Calcutta as Moimonshingho Gitika (1923) and Purbabanga Gitika (1923–1932), later published in English as Eastern Bengal Ballads.

Bangladeshi folk literature
Bangladeshi Folk Literature (Bengali: বাংলাদেশী লোক সাহিত্য) constitutes a considerable portion of Bengali literature. Though it was created by illiterate communities and passed down orally from one generation to another it tends to flourish Bengali literature. Individual folk literature became a collective product and assumes the traditions, emotions, thoughts and values of the community.
Maetsue, Ōita
Maetsue (前津江村, Maetsue-mura) was a village located in Hita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,598 and the density of 20.23 persons per km2. The total area was 78.99 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Maetsue, along with the towns of Amagase and Ōyama, and the villages of Kamitsue and Nakatsue (all from Hita District), was merged into the expanded city of Hita.

Kamitsue, Ōita
Kamitsue (上津江村, Kamitsue-mura) was a village located in Hita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,258 and the density of 14.21 persons per km2. The total area was 88.53 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Kamitsue, along with the towns of Amagase and Ōyama, and the villages of Maetsue and Nakatsue (all from Hita District), was merged into the expanded city of Hita.
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma hominis (also known as Metamycoplasma hominis) is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma. M. hominis has the ability to penetrate the interior of human cells. Along with ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms known.

They have no cell wall and therefore do not Gram stain.

Mycoplasma hominis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease and bacterial vaginosis. It is also associated with male infertility. This species causes a sexually transmitted infection. It is susceptible to the antibiotic clindamycin.

Growth of "fried egg" colonies on glucose agar medium within 24–72 hours is a characteristic of Mycoplasma hominis.

This pathogen may latently infect the chorionic villi tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome.

Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that, like the other members of the class Mollicutes, lack a cell wall (peptidoglycan) around their cell membrane. The absence of peptidoglycan makes them naturally resistant to antibiotics such as the beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic.

In casual speech, the name "mycoplasma" (plural mycoplasmas or mycoplasms) generally refers to all members of the class Mollicutes. In formal scientific classification, the designation Mycoplasma refers exclusively to the genus, a member of the Mycoplasmataceae, the only family in the order Mycoplasmatales (see "scientific classification"). In 2018, Mycoplasma was split with many clinically significant species moved to other genera in Mollicutes; see the page Mollicutes for an overview.
Call for the Dead
Call for the Dead is John le Carré's first novel, published in 1961. It introduces George Smiley, the most famous of le Carré's recurring characters, in a story about East German spies inside Great Britain.  It also introduces a fictional version of British Intelligence, called "the Circus" because of its location in Cambridge Circus, which is apparently based on MI6 and recurs throughout le Carré's spy novels. Call for the Dead was adapted for film as The Deadly Affair (1966).

The Deadly Affair
The Deadly Affair is a 1967 British spy film based on John le Carré's first novel, Call for the Dead (1961). The film stars James Mason and was directed by Sidney Lumet from a script by Paul Dehn.

As it is a Columbia Pictures production and Paramount owned the film rights to the name George Smiley, the central character is renamed Charles Dobbs; however, his police liaison Mendel and wife Ann's names are retained. Paramount had acquired the film rights to the Smiley character name when filming The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965).

The soundtrack was composed by Quincy Jones, and the bossa nova theme song, "Who Needs Forever", was performed by Astrud Gilberto.
Christian Rudder
Christian Rudder (born September 1, 1975) is an American technology entrepreneur and writer known for co-founding the online dating service OkCupid and publishing the site's popular blog posts, which offered insights on dating based on data of user behavior. Following OkCupid's sale to the owner of Match.com in 2011, Rudder remained at the company for four years, and in 2014 published the book Dataclysm with further analysis of online dating statistics. He left OkCupid in 2015.

OkCupid
OkCupid (often abbreviated as OKC, but officially OkC) is a U.S.-based, internationally operating online dating, friendship, and formerly also a social networking website and application. It features multiple-choice questions to match members. Registration is free. OkCupid is owned by Match Group, which also owns Tinder, Hinge, Plenty of Fish, and many other popular dating apps and sites.

While the site and app once supported multiple modes of communication, this has been restricted to messaging. OkCupid was listed in Time magazine's 2007 Top 10 dating websites. The website was acquired by IAC's Match.com division in 2011.
Andy McNab
Steven Billy Mitchell CBE, DCM, MM (born 28 December 1959), usually known by the pseudonym and pen-name of Andy McNab, is a British novelist and former Special Air Service soldier.

He came into public prominence in 1993 when he published a book entitled Bravo Two Zero containing an account of a military mission which he led with the Special Air Service (SAS) during the Gulf War, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal. He had previously been awarded the Military Medal in 1979 for gallantry in action whilst serving with the Royal Green Jackets in Northern Ireland.

He has published a number of other novels and two autobiographies in addition to Bravo Two Zero. He has also published a book on psychopathy entitled The Good Psychopath's Guide to Success, claiming that he exhibits many psychopathic traits.

The Good Psychopath's Guide to Success
The Good Psychopath's Guide to Success is a self-help book co-authored by the British authors Dr. Kevin Dutton and Andy McNab. The book's premise is that certain traits found in psychopaths can be helpful to someone's personal life. The book describes these traits and tries to explain to the reader how they can be applied to day-to-day life.
Ammonium
Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom.  It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged (protonated) substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations ([NR4]+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic or other groups (indicated by R). Not only is ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, human impact in recent years could have an effect on the biological communities that depend on it.

Hydrazinium
Hydrazinium is the cation with the formula [N2H5]+. This cation has a methylamine-like structure ([H2N−NH3]+). It can be derived from hydrazine by protonation (treatment with a strong acid). Hydrazinium is a weak acid with pKa = 8.1.

Salts of hydrazinium are common reagents in chemistry and are often used in certain industrial processes. Notable examples are hydrazinium hydrogensulfate, N2H6SO4 or [N2H5]+[HSO4]−, and hydrazinium azide, N5H5 or [N2H5]+[N3]−. In the common names of such salts, the cation is often called "hydrazine", as in "hydrazine sulfate" for hydrazinium hydrogensulfate.

The terms "hydrazinium" and "hydrazine" may also be used for the doubly protonated cation [N2H6]2+, more properly called hydrazinediium or hydrazinium(2+). This cation has an ethane-like structure ([H3N−NH3]2+). Salts of this cation include hydrazinediium sulfate [N2H6]2+[SO4]2− and hydrazinediium bis(6-carboxypyridazine-3-carboxylate), [N2H6]2+([C6H3N2O4]−)2.
Stickers as a Service
Stickers as a service (SaaS)  is a category of cloud computing services that provides digital stickers to messaging apps and photo editing software.

In this model, the stickers are sold through stores integrated in messaging apps, chat and photo editing software. They can be used as a method to generate revenue besides through in-app advertising as they are non-intrusive.

SaaS offerings may include handling micropayments, sticker shop integration and content management systems with developing apps, and is similar to Software as a Service (SaaS) and Platform as a Service (PaaS).

Stickers  as a service enables developers to build a full sticker stores into their apps with just a few lines of code.

Sticker (messaging)
A sticker is a detailed illustration of a character that represents an emotion or action that is a mix of cartoons and Japanese smiley-like "emojis" sent through instant messaging platforms. They have more variety than emoticons and have a basis from internet "reaction face" culture due to their ability to portray body language with a facial reaction. Stickers are elaborate, character-driven emoticons and give people a lightweight means to communicate through kooky animations.
Extreme set
In mathematics, most commonly in convex geometry, an extreme set or face of a set  in a vector space  is a subset  with the property that if for any two points  some in-between point  lies in , then we must have had .

An extreme point of  is a point  for which  is a face.

An exposed face of  is the subset of points of  where a linear functional achieves its minimum on . Thus, if  is a linear functional on  and , then  is an exposed face of .

An exposed point of  is a point   such that  is an exposed face. That is,  for all .

An exposed face is a face, but the converse is not true (see the figure). An exposed face of  is convex if  is convex.
If  is a face of , then  is a face of  if and only if  is a face of .

Exposed point
In mathematics, an exposed point of a convex set  is a point  at which some continuous linear functional attains its strict maximum over . Such a functional is then said to expose . There can be many exposing functionals for . The set of exposed points of  is usually denoted .

A stronger notion is that of strongly exposed point of  which is an exposed point  such that some exposing functional  of  attains its strong maximum over  at , i.e. for each sequence  we have the following implication: . The set of all strongly exposed points of  is usually denoted .

There are two weaker notions, that of extreme point and that of support point of .
Héritage des Celtes (album)
Héritage des Celtes is a folk-rock album by Dan Ar Braz and Héritage des Celtes musicians, released in 1994 by Columbia France (Sony Music distribution), catalogue number COL 477763 2.

The album was produced by ex-Bothy Band and Moving Hearts leader Dónal Lunny. It was recorded at Windmill Lane Studios, Dublin by Brian Masterson and Alastair McMillan, and mixed by Brian Masterson and Rob Kirwan. The singers are Elaine Morgan from Rose Among Thorns and Karen Matheson of Capercaillie fame.

A live version of this material as played by Ar Braz and a large ensemble (recorded in Rennes the following year) appears on the album Et les 50 musiciens de l'Héritage des Celtes, En concert.

Dan Ar Braz
Daniel Le Bras (born 15 January 1949), known by his stage name Dan Ar Braz (Breton pronunciation: [ˈdãːnː ar ˈbrɑːs]), is a Breton guitarist, singer, composer and the founder of L'Héritage des Celtes, a 50-piece Pan-Celt band. As a leading guitarist in Celtic music band, he recorded as a soloist with Celtic harp player Alan Stivell. He also represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996.
Escape from Devil's Island
Escape from Devil's Island is a 1935 American adventure film directed by Albert S. Rogell and written by Earle Snell and Fred Niblo Jr. The film stars Victor Jory, Florence Rice, Norman Foster, Stanley Andrews, Daniel L. Haynes and Herbert Heywood. The film was released on November 24, 1935, by Columbia Pictures.

Daniel L. Haynes
Daniel L. Haynes (June 6, 1889 – July 28, 1954) was an American stage and film actor and clergyman. He is best known for starring as Zeke in King Vidor's early talking film Hallelujah, the first film ever to feature an all-Black cast. On November 28, 1910, he married Rosa Belle Sims in Chicago. In his last years, he left show business and became a full-time Baptist minister.

Despite Hallelujah's controversial depiction of Black Americans, Haynes thought highly of the film. He is quoted as having said: "I cannot say what our race owes King Vidor and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer—there are not words forceful enough for that. Hallelujah will, as Moses led his people from the wilderness, lead ours from the wilderness of misunderstanding and apathy."