hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Paarl Royals
Paarl Royals is a South African professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team that competes in the SA20 tournament. The team is based in Paarl, and was formed in 2022. The team's home-ground is Boland Park Cricket ground. The team is captained by David Miller and is coached by Shane Bond.

The franchise is owned by Manoj Badale.

Manoj Badale
Manoj Badale OBE (born 31 December 1967) is a British Indian businessman and venture business builder. He is the co-founder and managing partner of venture builder firm Blenheim Chalcot, and lead owner of Indian Premier League franchise Rajasthan Royals, the South African SA20 Franchise Paarl Royals and the Caribbean CPL franchise Barbados Royals.
Enno III, Count of East Frisia
Enno III of Ostfriesland or Enno III of East Frisia (30 September 1563, Aurich – 19 August 1625) was a Count of Ostfriesland from 1599 to 1625 from the Cirksena family. His reign was marked by political conflict with the estates and the city of Emden, deepening dependence on the Dutch Republic, and severe financial and territorial setbacks during the early phases of the Thirty Years’ War.

Aurich
Aurich (German pronunciation: [ˈaʊʁɪç] ⓘ; East Frisian Low Saxon: Auerk; Saterland Frisian: Aurk [ˈau̯ɐk]) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in population, after Emden, and in area, after Wittmund.
Arelerland
The Land of Arlon (Luxembourgish: Arelerland [ˈaːʀəlɐlɑnt]; German: Arelerland [ˈaːʁəlɐlant]; French: Pays d'Arlon [pe.i daʁlɔ̃]; Dutch: Land van Aarlen [ˌlɑnt fɑn ˈaːrlə(n)]) is the traditionally Luxembourgish-speaking part of Belgian Lorraine, which is now predominantly French-speaking. Arlon is the main city of this region.

The area borders the Gaume to the west and with the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg to the east. It lies south of the Ardennes and largely coincides with the arrondissement of Arlon, part of the province of Luxembourg.

Belgian Lorraine
Belgian Lorraine is the part of Lorraine that lies in the south of the Belgian province of Luxembourg, in Wallonia.

The term is used solely in a geological context, as the region borders the geologically-distinct Ardennes, to the north.

Culturally and linguistically, Belgian Lorraine is made up of two sub-regions:

The Romance-speaking part (in which French dialects are spoken) called Gaume, with Virton as the main cultural city.

The Luxembourgish-speaking part called Land of Arlon (in Luxembourgish: Arelerland), with Arlon (Arel) as the main cultural city and the capital of the (Belgian) province of Luxembourg.

Both have Standard French as official administrative language, with Luxembourgish recognised as a minority language by the French Community of Belgium.

49°39′N 5°39′E﻿ / ﻿49.650°N 5.650°E﻿ / 49.650; 5.650
Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (film)
Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (transl. Manikyam of Paleri: A Midnight Murder Story) is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language mystery film written and directed by Ranjith, starring Mammootty, Shwetha Menon and Mythili. It is based on the novel of the same name by T. P. Rajeevan,. Mammooty plays three characters, including the main antagonist in the film. The film was Mythili's debut in cinema. Ranjith also introduced about thirty Malayalam stage artists through this film. The film tells the story of a private detective, who returns to his birthplace, a village called Paleri, to solve a murder mystery that occurred on the same night he was born.

The film won four Kerala State Film Awards including the Best Film Award. Mammootty won his fifth Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for playing three roles Ahmed Haji, Haridas, and Khalid Ahmed in this movie. Shwetha Menon also won her first Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in this film.

Ranjith (director)
Ranjith Balakrishnan  is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, and actor who works in Malayalam cinema. Ranjith made his directorial debut in 2001 with Ravanaprabhu, the sequel to Devaasuram. He has won three National Film Awards, including one for his film Spirit, which received the National Award for Best Film on Social Issues. His films Thirakkatha and Indian Rupee won the National Film Award  for Best Feature Film in Malayalam in 2008 and 2011, respectively. Recipient of six Kerala State Film Awards, he was the former chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy.
Roanoke River Light
The Roanoke River Lighthouse is a historic, decommissioned lighthouse, located on the waterfront of Edenton, North Carolina. The lighthouse once stood in Albemarle Sound at the mouth of the Roanoke River, across the Sound from its current location. The only surviving screw-pile lighthouse in the state, it has since been moved twice, and a replica of a predecessor light has been erected at a fourth location.

Screw-pile lighthouse
A screw-pile lighthouse is a lighthouse which stands on piles that are screwed into sandy or muddy sea or river bottoms. The first screw-pile lighthouse to begin construction was built by the blind Irish engineer Alexander Mitchell. Construction began in 1838 at the mouth of the Thames and was known as the Maplin Sands lighthouse, and first lit in 1841. However, though its construction began later, the Wyre Light in Fleetwood, Lancashire, was the first to be lit (in 1840).

In the United States, several screw-pile lighthouses were constructed in the Chesapeake Bay due to its estuarial soft bottom. North Carolina's sounds and river entrances also once had many screw-pile lights. The characteristic design is a 1+1⁄2-storey hexagonal wooden building with dormers and a cupola light room.
Kentucky Route 21
Kentucky Route 21 (KY 21) is a 14.196-mile (22.846 km) west–east highway in Madison County, running from the Garrard County line near Paint Lick to Bighill, east of Berea.

It begins at KY 52 at the Garrard County line at the Paint Lick Creek Bridge. The road passes through Wallaceton and traverses over Interstate 75 in Berea, where KY 21 shortly runs along with US 25. After US 25 breaks away and goes north toward the Blue Grass Army Depot, KY 21 continues to the east and intersects US 421 in Bighill before ending at the Jackson County line.

Berea, Kentucky
Berea (/bəˈriːə/ bə-REE-ə) is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The city is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population was 15,539 at the 2020 census. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Kentucky, having increased by 27.4% since 2000. Berea is a principal city of the Richmond−Berea Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Madison and Rockcastle counties. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1890.
Li Yifeng
Li Yifeng (born Li He, 4 May 1987) also known as Evan Li, is a Chinese actor and singer. Li launched his career after participating in the talent show My Hero (2007). Since 2009, he shifted to acting. Li is known for his roles in television dramas Swords of Legends (2014), The Lost Tomb (2015), Noble Aspirations (2016), Sparrow (2016), Fearless Whispers (2020), Day Breaker (2022), as well as in films Mr. Six (2015), for which he won the Hundred Flowers Awards for Best Supporting Actor, and Animal World (2018). Li ranked 9th on Forbes China Celebrity list in 2015, 11th in 2017, and 26th in 2019.

Li's career was suspended in 2022 after he was detained by the police for soliciting prostitutes.

Animal World (film)
Animal World (Chinese: 动物世界; pinyin: Dòngwù Shìjiè), also known as Animal World: Mr. Nobody, is a 2018 Chinese action-adventure film written and directed by Han Yan, and starring Li Yifeng, Michael Douglas and Zhou Dongyu. It is based on the manga Kaiji by Nobuyuki Fukumoto. Animal World is produced jointly by Shanghai Ruyi Film Production Co., Ltd., Shanghai Pitaya Film Production Co., Ltd., Tencent Pictures, Jixiang Films, Fire Dragon Guo Pictures, Youth Enlight and Enlight Pictures. The film premiered in China on June 29, 2018. Netflix has acquired the global digital rights to the film.
Hydro-Man
Hydro-Man (Morris "Morrie" Bench) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Dennis O'Neil and artist John Romita Jr., the character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #212 (January 1981). Hydro-Man is a recurring antagonist of the superhero Spider-Man.

Once an ordinary crewman, Morris Bench was accidentally knocked overboard while stationed on his ship during a battle between Spider-Man and Namor, and fell into the ocean, where a powerful experimental generator was being tested. This led to his transformation into Hydro-Man who, blaming Spider-Man for what happened to him, turned to a life of crime while seeking revenge against the web-slinger.

The character has appeared in several media adaptations over the years, including animated series and video games. A creature based on "Hydro-Man" appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019).

Sinister Six
The Sinister Six are a group of supervillains in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, mainly those featuring Spider-Man. The members are drawn from the character's list of enemies, with the original members forming the team in The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #1 (October 1964). Led by Doctor Octopus (introduced in issue #3), the team in its premiere followed swiftly the very early appearances of many of the most enduring members of Spider-Man's rogues gallery: the Vulture (issue #2), the Sandman (issue #4), Electro (issue #9), Mysterio (issue #13), and Kraven the Hunter (issue #15). While Doctor Octopus has generally remained its leader, the Sinister Six has had multiple variations of composition.

The team has been adapted into various forms of media, mainly in animated series and video games.
Summers v. Tice
Summers v. Tice, 33 Cal. 2d 80, 199 P.2d 1 (1948), is a seminal California Supreme Court tort law decision relating to the issue of liability where a plaintiff cannot identify with specificity which among multiple defendants caused his harm.  The case established the doctrine of alternative liability and has had its greatest influence in the area of product liability in American jurisprudence.

Alternative liability
Alternative liability is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to shift the burden of proving causation of their injury to multiple defendants, even though only one of them could have been responsible. The leading case showing the principle of alternative liability in action is Summers v. Tice, where the two defendants negligently shot in the direction of the plaintiff and two pellets caused the plaintiff's injury, one in the right eye and one in the upper lip. In the interests of justice, the innocent plaintiff's case is not defeated because they cannot prove which party was the actual cause (but-for cause) of their injury.
First Battle of the Stronghold
The First Battle of the Stronghold (January 17, 1873) was the second battle in the Modoc War of 1872–1873. The battle was fought between the United States Army under Lieutenant Colonel Frank Wheaton and a band of the Native American Modoc tribe from Oregon and California, led by Captain Jack (Kintpuash in Modoc).

The US Army forces tried to dislodge the Modoc from the natural fortress, now called Captain Jack's Stronghold, in the lava beds along the south shore of Tule Lake in northeastern California. They had illegally left the Klamath Reservation in Oregon, to which they had been relocated from their territory in order to enable European Americans to settle in the area. The Modoc soundly defeated the Army, inflicting numerous casualties and forcing it to retreat. Factors aiding the Modoc included their excellent defensive position, steady patience, and a thick fog that obscured portions of the battlefield.

Frank Wheaton
Frank Wheaton (May 8, 1833 – June 18, 1903) was a career military officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and Indian Wars. He also was military commander over south Texas during the Garza Revolution.
John Sanborn Phillips
John Sanborn Phillips (1861–1949) attended Knox College in Illinois, where he worked on the student newspaper and met S. S. McClure. After earning an associate's degree, he entered Harvard College as a junior, and graduated in 1885, magna cum laude. In 1887 McClure hired him to manage the home office of the McClure Newspaper Syndicate (founded in 1884).

The two went on to found the famous McClure's Magazine, first published in June 1893, where Phillips was co-editor. In 1900 Phillips became a partner in the publisher McClure, Phillips and Company.

In 1906, he left McClure's with Ida Tarbell, along with Lincoln Steffens and Ray Stannard Baker to purchase American Illustrated Magazine and convert it into The American Magazine.

S. S. McClure
Samuel Sidney McClure (February 17, 1857 – March 21, 1949) was an American publisher who became known as a key figure in investigative, or muckraking, journalism. He co-founded and ran McClure's Magazine from 1893 to 1911, which ran numerous exposées of wrongdoing in business and politics, such as those written by Ida Tarbell, Ray Stannard Baker, and Lincoln Steffens. The magazine ran fiction and nonfiction by the leading writers of the day, including Sarah Orne Jewett, Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Joel Chandler Harris, Jack London, Stephen Crane, William Allen White and Willa Cather.
Kat de Castro
Katherine "Kat" Chloe Sinsuat de Castro-Cruz (Tagalog: [ˌkaːt dɛ ˈkaːs.tɾo]; born October 18, 1978) is a Filipino journalist and former television personality, who was formerly the Undersecretary of Tourism Advocacy and Public Affairs of the Philippine Department of Tourism (DOT) under Secretary Wanda Corazon Teo. She took her oath of office at the Malacañang Palace on August 15, 2016. She later resigned from her post in 2018 after being asked by Secretary Bernadette Romulo-Puyat to do so. After a year, she was re-appointed as President & CEO of Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC). She previously served as the General Manager and Board Director of People's Television Network (PTV) from 2020 until 2022.

Bernadette Romulo-Puyat
Bernadette Fatima Tecson Romulo-Puyat (born May 14, 1971) is a Filipino government official, economist, and academic who served as the Secretary of Tourism under the Duterte administration from May 2018 to June 2022, heading the Philippines' tourism industry through the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. She has since been appointed Deputy Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in charge of financial inclusion, regional operations, and the BSP's Program Management Office. Her previous positions include terms as a consultant for the Presidential Management Staff, Undersecretary for the Department of Agriculture, and lecturer at the UP School of Economics.
Ranaranga
Ranaranga (transl. Battlefield) is a 1988 Indian Kannada-language action film directed by V. Somashekhar and written by N. T. Jayarama Reddy. The film stars Shiva Rajkumar, Sudharani and Tara. Produced by Shivarajkumar's mother, Parvathamma Rajkumar under the banner of Vaishnavi Movies, the film's musical score was by Hamsalekha making this his first collaboration with Shivarajkumar of the several future successful films.

This is Shiva Rajkumar's first action movie and the only movie in which V. Somashekhar directed him. Dr. Rajkumar sung a background song for his son  which is considered as one of his favourite songs.

Hamsalekha
Gangaraju (born June 23, 1951), professionally known as Hamsalekha, is an Indian film composer and songwriter who works in South Indian cinema, predominantly in the Kannada film industry since the late 1980s. He is also a screenplay writer, dialogue writer, instrumentalist and conductor, having composed and written over 500 albums.

Hamsalekha has won one National Film Award, six Filmfare Awards in the Best Music Director Category, seven Karnataka State Film Awards - four for music direction and three for lyrics - and is a recipient of an honorary doctorate from Bangalore University. His collaboration with V. Ravichandran resulted in producing blockbuster soundtracks in mainstream Kannada cinema.
Canyon Glacier
Canyon Glacier (83°57′S 175°25′E﻿ / ﻿83.950°S 175.417°E﻿ / -83.950; 175.417) is a narrow glacier, 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) long, flowing to the Ross Ice Shelf. It drains the northwest slopes of Mount Wexler and moves northward between steep canyon walls of the Separation Range and Hughes Range to join the ice shelf immediately west of Giovinco Ice Piedmont. The glacier was observed from nearby Mount Patrick by the New Zealand Alpine Club Antarctic Expedition (1959–60) who gave the descriptive name.

Giovinco Ice Piedmont
Giovinco Ice Piedmont (84°1′S 176°10′E﻿ / ﻿84.017°S 176.167°E﻿ / -84.017; 176.167) is an ice piedmont, 10 nautical miles (19 km) wide, between Canyon Glacier and Perez Glacier, gradually descending north to the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Frank A. Giovinco, Master of the USNS Private John R. Towle during U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze 1965. Frank Giovinco's nephew is the fine art photographer and artist Steve Giovinco, whose work is loosely related to environmental changes.
Richard Markgraf
Richard Markgraf (13 March 1869 – January-March 1916) was a German Bohemian paleontologist. He is best remembered for his expeditions to Egypt, which discovered the first known remains of many extinct fossil reptiles, such as Aegyptosaurus, Tameryraptor and Spinosaurus.

Aegyptosaurus
Aegyptosaurus /iːˌdʒɪptoʊˈsɔːrəs/ (meaning 'Egypt's lizard') is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Africa, around 95 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period (Cenomanian faunal stage).
Arche (oratorio)
Arche (German: [ˈaʁçə] ⓘ; Ark, stylised as ARCHE) is an oratorio for soloists, choirs, organ and orchestra by Jörg Widmann. It was commissioned by Kent Nagano and the Hamburg Philharmonic State Orchestra for the opening of the Elbphilharmonie, Hamburg. In the premiere on 13 January 2017, he conducted 300 performers.

Kent Nagano
Kent George Nagano (born November 22, 1951) is an American conductor and opera administrator. From 2015 until 2025, he was Generalmusikdirektor (GMD) of the Hamburg State Opera and the Philharmonisches Staatsorchester Hamburg.
Le Lombard
Le Lombard (French: [lə lɔ̃baʁ]), known as Les Éditions du Lombard ([lez‿edisjɔ̃ dy lɔ̃baʁ]) until 1989, is a Belgian comic book publisher established in 1946 when Tintin magazine was launched. Le Lombard became part of Média-Participations since 1986, alongside publishers Dargaud and Dupuis, with each entity maintaining its editorial independence.

Média-Participations
Média-Participations (French pronunciation: [medja paʁtisipasjɔ̃]) is a French/Belgian publishing and media entertainment comconglomerate that specialized in publishing comics, magazines, literature, audiovisual production and video game publishing. They have a strong presence in the comic book publishing and entertainment industries with a focus on publishing, entertainment production and game development. It was founded in September 1986 by former business lawyer and former politician Rémy Montagne and they own forty publishing houses in its portfolio, including Dupuis, Dargaud, Le Lombard, Fleurus, La Martinière, and Abrams.

The entertainment & publishing group comprises more than 65 publishing & audiovisual companies, with a turnover of €700 million in 2024.
Casualties of Cool
Casualties of Cool is the debut album of Canadian country music duo Casualties of Cool, consisting of Canadian musicians Devin Townsend and Ché Aimee Dorval, released on May 14, 2014. It is a musical departure from any of Townsend's previous works, primarily because it is a concept album that features alternative country songs with blues rock and ambient influences.

A number of guests performed on the album, including Morgen Ågren of Kaipa on drums, Kat Epple of Emerald Web on woodwinds, and Jørgen Munkeby of Shining on saxophone. It was partially funded by the crowdfunding site PledgeMusic.

Jørgen Munkeby
Jørgen Munkeby (born 3 September 1980 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian jazz rock and heavy metal musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the frontman in the band Shining and as a former member of Jaga Jazzist.
Van Staphorst v. Maryland
Van Staphorst v. Maryland, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 401 (1791), was the first case docketed with the United States Supreme Court. Although the court agreed to hear and decide the case, the suit was settled before oral arguments. Collet v. Collet was the first appellate case docketed with the court, but it was dropped before arguments. West v. Barnes was the first case decided by the court.

In the case, the Nicolaas and Jacob van Staphorst lent money to the State of Maryland during the Revolutionary War. Maryland refused to pay back the loan according to the terms the Van Staphorst brothers demanded. After the threat of Supreme Court litigation, the parties finally settled with each other.

Collet v. Collet
Collet v. Collet, 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 294 (C.C.D. Pa. 1792), was a Supreme Court of the United States decision that was the earliest appellate case docketed although it was never heard by the Court. Van Staphorst v. Maryland was the first case docketed with the court. West v. Barnes was the first case decided by the court.

Collet originated as an assumpsit case in Pennsylvania state court, but eventually came to the federal Circuit Court in Philadelphia where the Circuit Court ruled that Congress' power of naturalization was concurrent with the state's. Collet obtained a writ of error but dropped the case before reaching the Supreme Court.
Minke, Orca, Sillimanite and Wingate gas fields
The Minke, Orca, Sillimanite and Wingate fields are natural gas reservoirs and gas production facilities in the southern North Sea; they are close to, or straddle, the United Kingdom / Netherlands median line. Natural gas, which is routed to the Netherlands, has been produced from the fields since 2007.

Greater Markham Area gas fields
The Greater Markham Area gas fields are natural gas reservoirs and gas production facilities that straddled, or are close to, the UK and Netherlands median line of the southern North Sea. The UK field production facilities, which export gas to the Netherlands, began operation in 1992.
Elk Lake (Oregon)
Elk Lake is a natural body of water in the central Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Nearly 4,900 feet (1,500 m) above sea level, the lake is part of a volcanic landscape about 25 miles (40 km) west-southwest of Bend along the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway.

Elk Lake is about 6 miles (10 km) west of Mount Bachelor in Deschutes National Forest. 
Nearby lakes include Hosmer, Sparks, Blow, Doris, Devils, Lava, and Little Lava.

Heavily used for recreation, the lake is among the most popular of the Cascade Lakes. Its name stems from the large number of elk that formerly frequented the area in summer. During winter, Elk Lake freezes, and access roads are usually closed by snow until late May.

The popular fishing game Russian Fishing 4 added Elk Lake as its first non-Russian fishing map in June 2025, featuring a variety of bluegills and gars.

Doris Lake
Doris Lake is a natural body of water in the Three Sisters Wilderness of the central Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. At 5,300 feet (1,600 m) above sea level, the lake is part of a volcanic landscape  27 miles (43 km) southwest of Bend and about 3 miles (5 km) by trail west of the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway.

Doris Lake is west-southwest of Blow Lake and Elk Lake in the Deschutes National Forest. Other nearby lakes include Senoj and Leech. Doris Lake lies slightly east of the Lane County border and the Mink Lake Basin.

The lake is up to 95 feet (29 m) deep in a small basin carved by Pleistocene glaciers. No perennial streams enter or leave the lake, which is thought to gain and lose water through seepage.