hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wilhelm Blos
Wilhelm Josef Blos (5 October 1849 – 6 July 1927) was a German journalist, historian, novelist, dramatist and politician (SPD).   He served as a member of the imperial parliament (Reichstag) between 1877 and 1918, albeit with one three year break. After the end of World War I he served between 1918 and 1920 as the first president of the newly launched Free People's State of Württemberg.

One high-point of his career as a journalist was his one-year stint as editor-in-chief of the (initially) Hamburg-based popular left-wing satirical magazine Der Wahre Jacob between 1879 and the publication's (temporary) closure, triggered by expulsion of William Blos from Hamburg in October 1880. His own contributions appeared under the pseudonyms "Hans Flux" or – on at least one occasion – "A. Titus".

Der Wahre Jacob
Der Wahre Jacob (German: The True Jacob) was a biweekly satirical magazine which had a social democratic political stance and was an organ of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). It was in circulation between 1879 and 1933 and based first in Hamburg, and in Stuttgart in German Empire.
Carlos Ruspoli, 5th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca
Don Carlos Oswaldo Ruspoli y Morenés, Caro y Arteaga, dei Principi Ruspoli (5 August 1932 – 25 October 2016) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and wife Dona María de Belén Morenés y Arteaga, García-Alesson y Echaguë, 18th Countess of Bañares.

He was the 5th Duke of Alcudia Grandee of Spain (formerly First Class) with a Coat of Arms of de Godoy (Letter of 28 November 1958), 5th 
Duke of Sueca Grandee of Spain (Letter of 5 May 1979), 19th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón (Boletín Oficial of 3 January 1978 and Letter of 16 October 1978) and Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Maestrante of Granada.

Camilo Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca
Don Camilo Carlos Adolfo Ruspoli y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, dei Principi Ruspoli (5 June 1904 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and first wife Doña María del Carmen Caro y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Gomurcio.

He was 4th Duke of Sueca Grandee of Spain First Class, 4th Duke of Alcudia Grandee of Spain First Class with a Coat of Arms of de Godoy and 18th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain First Class with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón, 6th Marquis of Boadilla del Monte with a Coat of Arms of Ruspoli after the death of his second cousin Paolo Ruspoli, 5th Marquis of Boadilla del Monte in 1969. And Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

He died on the same day as Francisco Franco.
The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory
The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory is a 1987 American Western television film about the 1836 Battle of the Alamo, directed by Burt Kennedy and written by Clyde Ware and Norman McLeod Morrill, based on the 1958 non-fiction book 13 Days to Glory: The Siege of the Alamo by Lon Tinkle. It stars James Arness as James Bowie, Brian Keith as Davy Crockett, Alec Baldwin as William Barrett Travis, Raul Julia as Antonio López de Santa Anna, and features a cameo appearance by Lorne Greene as Sam Houston. Unlike most other films about the Alamo — the most prominent other exception being the 1955 film The Last Command (which was released during the cultural frenzy created by Walt Disney's Davy Crockett television miniseries) — it focuses on Bowie as the main character rather than Crockett.

The film aired on NBC on January 26, 1987.

James Arness
James Arness (born James King Aurness; May 26, 1923 – June 3, 2011) was an American actor, best known for portraying Marshal Matt Dillon for 20 years in the series Gunsmoke. He has the distinction of having played the role of Dillon in five decades: 1955 to 1975 in the weekly series, then in Gunsmoke: Return to Dodge (1987) and four more made-for-television Gunsmoke films in the 1990s. In Europe, Arness reached cult status for his role as Zeb Macahan in the Western series How the West Was Won. He was the older brother of actor Peter Graves.
Killeen, Texas
Killeen is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Bell County. According to the 2020 census, its population was 153,095, making it the 19th-most populous city in Texas and the largest of the three principal cities of Bell County. It is the principal city of the Killeen–Temple–Fort Hood Metropolitan Statistical Area. Killeen is 55 miles (89 km) north of Austin, 125 miles (201 km) southwest of Dallas, and 125 miles (201 km) northeast of San Antonio.

Killeen is directly adjacent to the main cantonment of Fort Hood. Its economy depends on the activities of the post, and the soldiers and their families stationed there. It is known as a military "boom town" because of its rapid growth and high influx of soldiers.

Copperas Cove, Texas
Copperas Cove (/ˈkɒpərəs/ KOP-ər-əs) is a city located in Central Texas at the southern corner of Coryell County, with smaller portions in Lampasas and Bell Counties. Founded in 1879 as a small ranching and farming community, the city is the largest in Coryell County, with a population of 36,670 at the 2020 census. The city's economy is closely linked to nearby Fort Hood, making it part of the Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood metropolitan statistical area.
Joy (singer)
Park Soo-young (Korean: 박수영; born September 3, 1996), better known by her stage name Joy, is a South Korean singer, actress, and host. She debuted as a member of South Korean girl group Red Velvet in August 2014. In 2017, Joy debuted as an actress and has had starring roles in the television dramas The Liar and His Lover (2017), Tempted (2018), The One and Only (2021), and Once Upon a Small Town (2022). In 2021, Joy officially debuted as a soloist with the release of her special album Hello.

The One and Only (South Korean TV series)
The One and Only (Korean: 한 사람만) is a South Korean television series starring Ahn Eun-jin, Kim Kyung-nam, Kang Ye-won, and Park Soo-young. It premiered on JTBC on December 20, 2021, and aired every Monday and Tuesday at 23:00 (KST) till February 8, 2022. It is also available for streaming on Netflix in Korea and selected territories.
Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association
The Sydney University Postgraduate Representative Association (SUPRA) is the peak body of elected representatives who campaign on behalf of the Research and Coursework Students at The University of Sydney, alongside the University of Sydney Students' Representative Council.

University of Sydney Students' Representative Council
The Students' Representative Council (SRC) is the representative body for undergraduate students at the University of Sydney. In addition to a student-elected council and student advocacy portfolios, the SRC coordinates a free legal service and caseworker service for all undergraduate students at the University of Sydney. These services provide legal, academic appeal, migration, tenancy and study advice to students.

The SRC has a reputation as Australia's most radical student union, and has been instrumental in leading student activism on a range of issues including education, feminist justice, environmentalism, First Nations justice and queer rights. The longest-running weekly student newspaper in Australia, Honi Soit, is funded by the SRC.
Firozpur railway division
Firozpur railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. It was formed on 14 April 1852 and its headquarters are located at Firozpur in the state of Punjab, India.

Delhi railway division, Ambala railway division, Lucknow NR railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.

Among all the divisions of Northern Railway zone, Firzopur railway division has some of the dirtiest and most ill maintained trains, and is also infamous for haphazard non-sequential coach compositions. This has been a cause of grave concern for many passengers.

Lucknow NR railway division
Lucknow NR railway division is one of the six railway divisions under the jurisdiction of Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. This railway division was formed on 23 April 1867 and its headquarters are located at Lucknow in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

Delhi railway division, Firozpur railway division, Ambala railway division and Moradabad railway division are the other railway divisions under NR Zone headquartered at New Delhi.
Australia II
Australia II (KA 6) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure (with 26 successful defences) by the New York Yacht Club.

John Bertrand (sailor, born 1946)
John Edwin Bertrand AO (born 20 December 1946) is an Australian sailor who skippered Australia II to victory in the 1983 America's Cup, ending 132 years of American supremacy, and the only time Australia has won. Bertrand won the bronze medal in the Finn competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In 2010 and 2016, he won the world Etchells class sailing championships. He is a life member of both the Royal Brighton Yacht Club in Melbourne, and the Sorrento Sailing Couta Boat Club.
Network synthesis filters
In signal processing, network synthesis filters are filters designed by the network synthesis method.  The method has produced several important classes of filter including the Butterworth filter, the Chebyshev filter and the Elliptic filter.  It was originally intended to be applied to the design of passive linear analogue filters but its results can also be applied to implementations in active filters and digital filters.  The essence of the method is to obtain the component values of the filter from a given rational function representing the desired transfer function.

High-pass filter
A high-pass filter (HPF) is an electronic filter that passes signals with a frequency higher than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency. The amount of attenuation for each frequency depends on the filter design.  A high-pass filter is usually modeled as a linear time-invariant system. It is sometimes called a low-cut filter or bass-cut filter in the context of audio engineering. High-pass filters have many uses, such as blocking DC from circuitry sensitive to non-zero average voltages or radio frequency devices. They can also be used in conjunction with a low-pass filter to produce a band-pass filter.

In the optical domain filters are often characterised by wavelength rather than frequency. High-pass and low-pass have the opposite meanings, with a "high-pass" filter (more commonly "short-pass") passing only shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), and vice versa for "low-pass" (more commonly "long-pass").
Flavan-3-ol
Flavan-3-ols (sometimes referred to as flavanols) are a subgroup of flavonoids. They are derivatives of flavans that possess a 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-ol skeleton. Flavan-3-ols are structurally diverse and include a range of compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, proanthocyanidins, theaflavins, thearubigins. They play a part in plant defense and are present in the majority of plants.

Proanthocyanidin
Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols found in many plants, such as cranberry, blueberry, and grape seeds.  Chemically, they are oligomeric flavonoids. Many are oligomers of catechin and epicatechin and their gallic acid esters. More complex polyphenols, having the same polymeric building block, form the group of condensed tannins.

Proanthocyanidins were discovered in 1947 by Jacques Masquelier, who developed and patented techniques for the extraction of oligomeric proanthocyanidins from pine bark and grape seeds. Proanthocyanidins are under preliminary research for the potential to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by consuming cranberries, grape seeds or red wine.
Outline of the University of Toronto
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the University of Toronto:

The University of Toronto (commonly known as U of T) is public research university composed of several colleges and three campuses in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1827, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the Canadian province of Ontario and the largest in the country.

John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design
The John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design (commonly shortened to Daniels) is an academic division of the University of Toronto (U of T) based on its St. George campus that focuses on architecture, forestry, urban design, and art. Founded in 1890, the faculty was the first school in Canada to offer an architecture program, and one of the first to offer a landscape architecture program in 1965. Originally established as the Department of Architecture, the faculty changed its name in 2008 to its present name in honour of benefactors John and Myrna Daniels.

The faculty offers undergraduate degrees, as well as advanced degrees at the master's and doctoral levels. It offers graduate programs on both the St. George and Scarborough campuses. As of May 2025, the faculty is overseen by dean Juan Du, with various directors for each of the faculty's programs at the bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. levels, respectively.
The Pearl of Death
The Pearl of Death is a 1944 Sherlock Holmes film starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson, the ninth of fourteen such films the pair made. The story is loosely based on Conan Doyle's short story "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons" but features some additions, such as Evelyn Ankers as an accomplice of the villain played by Miles Mander, and Rondo Hatton as a brutal killer.

Rondo Hatton
Rondo Hatton (April 22, 1894 – February 2, 1946) was an American journalist and actor. After writing for The Tampa Tribune, Hatton found a career in film due to his unique facial features, which were the result of acromegaly. He headlined horror films with Universal Studios near the end of his life, earning him a reputation as a cult icon.
Shibden
Shibden is a small dispersed community in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It lies to the east of Halifax.

Shibden Hall has a north-west driveway to its lake, café and miniature railway; an adjoining driveway runs up a landscaped garden to the hall which hosts the West Yorkshire Folk Museum.  The land sits on a north–south rise (gentle escarpment) between deep brooks, shared with more populous Southowram to the south.

Shibden Hall
Shibden Hall is a Grade II* listed historic house located in a public park at Shibden, West Yorkshire, England. The building has been extensively modified from its original design by generations of residents, although its Tudor half-timbered frontage remains its most recognisable feature.

One of its most notable residents was Anne Lister who inherited the hall from a relative. Lister has been described as being the "first modern lesbian" due to her "love... [of] the fairer sex" that she documented in her diaries.
Quinton Byfield
Quinton Byfield (born August 19, 2002) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is a forward for the  Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Byfield was selected second overall by the Kings in the 2020 NHL entry draft, the highest-drafted black player in NHL history. He made his NHL debut with the Kings in 2021.

2020 NHL entry draft
The 2020 NHL entry draft was the 58th entry draft for the National Hockey League. It was held from October 6–7, 2020. It was originally scheduled for June 26–27, 2020, at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, but was postponed on March 25, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event was held in a remote format, with teams convening via videoconferencing, and Commissioner Gary Bettman announcing the selections in the opening round and deputy commissioner Bill Daly in all subsequent rounds from the NHL Network studios in Secaucus, New Jersey.

The first three selections were Alexis Lafreniere by the New York Rangers, Quinton Byfield by the Los Angeles Kings, and Tim Stutzle by the Ottawa Senators.
Fergus mac Fogartaig
Fergus mac Fogartaig (died 751) (or Fergal) was King of South Brega of the Uí Chernaig sept of Lagore of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Ui Neill. He was the son of the high king Fogartach mac Néill (died 724). He ruled from 738 to 751.

The annals do not mention any events regarding him other than his death obit. His death obit, though, in the Annals of Ulster has significance as the first time the title King of Southern Brega (regis Deisceird Breg) is used.

His sons included Máel Dúin mac Fergusa (died 785) and Cernach mac Fergusa (died 805), both called Kings of Loch Gabor as well as Ailill mac Fergusa (died 800), styled King of South Brega.

Ailill mac Fergusa
Ailill mac Fergusa (died 800) was King of South Brega of the Uí Chernaig sept of Lagore of the Síl nÁedo Sláine branch of the southern Ui Neill. He was the son of Fergus mac Fogartaig (died 751) and brother of Máel Dúin mac Fergusa (died 785), previous kings. he ruled from 797 to 800.

The annals record that he died from being thrown from a horse. He is styled rex Deisceirt Bregh-King of South Brega.
Jessica Jung
Jessica Jung (born April 18, 1989) is an American and South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, author, and businesswoman. She is best known for her work as a former member of the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. As an actress, Jung portrayed Elle Woods in the Korean version of the musical Legally Blonde in 2010 and played a role in the television drama Wild Romance in 2012.

In August 2014, Jung established a fashion brand, Blanc & Eclare. The next month, she was dismissed from Girls' Generation due to alleged conflicts between the group's schedule and her own business activities. Following the dismissal, Jung ended her contract with SM Entertainment in 2015 and signed with Coridel Entertainment in 2016, prior to the release of her debut solo album With Love, J. In May 2018, she signed a contract with United Talent Agency. Her debut novel Shine was released in September 2020.

Krystal Jung
Chrystal Soo Jung (Korean: 정수정; born October 24, 1994), professionally known as Krystal Jung, is an American and South Korean singer and actress. She debuted in 2009 as a member of the South Korean girl group f(x) and has further participated in SM Entertainment's project group SM the Ballad. Aside from group activities, she has also acted in various South Korean drama series such as The Heirs (2013), My Lovely Girl (2014), Prison Playbook (2017), The Bride of Habaek (2017), Player (2018), Search (2020), Police University (2021), and Crazy Love (2022).
Lucy Punch
Lucy Alice T. Punch (born 30 December 1977) is an English actress. She has appeared in the films Ella Enchanted (2004), Hot Fuzz (2007), You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger, Dinner for Schmucks, (both 2010) and Into the Woods (2014). She is also known for her roles as Amy in Bad Teacher (2011) and Amanda in the BBC sitcoms Motherland and its spin-off Amandaland. She also played Esmé Squalor in the Netflix dark comedy drama series A Series of Unfortunate Events.

Bad Teacher
Bad Teacher is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Jake Kasdan and written by the writing team of Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky. Starring Cameron Diaz, Justin Timberlake, Lucy Punch, John Michael Higgins, and Jason Segel, the film tells the story of a middle school teacher who hates her job, her students, and her co-workers, but returns to teaching after her wealthy fiancé breaks up with her.

Bad Teacher was released in the United States on June 24, 2011, by Columbia Pictures. It grossed $216 million and received mixed reviews from critics.
Dudleya gnoma
Dudleya gnoma is a rare species of succulent plant in the stonecrop family known by the common names munchkin liveforever and munchkin dudleya. It is characterized by its diminutive stature, small yellow flowers, and distinctive white rosettes. It is endemic to the eastern portion of Santa Rosa Island, one of the Channel Islands of California, where it is known from one population at the type locality, containing three colonies of plants.

Santa Rosa Island (California)
Santa Rosa Island (Spanish: Isla de Santa Rosa; Cruzeño Chumash: Wi'ma) is the second largest of the Channel Islands of California at 53,195 acres (215.27 km2 or 83.118 sq mi). Santa Rosa is located about 26 miles (42 km) off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, in Santa Barbara County and is part of Channel Islands National Park.

The Chumash, a Native American people lived on the Channel Islands at the time of European contact.

The remains of the 13,000-year-old Arlington Springs Man, possibly the oldest human remains in the Americas, were discovered on the island in 1959.

Santa Rosa Island is home to the rare Torrey pine, a species of pine tree that exists only in two locations around the world.

Public passenger access to Santa Rosa Island is provided by Island Packers ferry service out of the Ventura Harbor.
Foolishness for Christ
Foolishness for Christ (Greek: διά Χριστόν σαλότητα; Church Slavonic: оуродъ, юродъ) refers to behavior such as giving up all one's worldly possessions upon joining an ascetic order or religious life, or deliberately flouting society's conventions to serve a religious purpose—particularly of Christianity. Such individuals have historically been known as both "holy fools" and "blessed fools". The term "fool" connotes what is perceived as feeblemindedness, and "blessed" or "holy" refers to innocence in the eyes of God.

The term fools for Christ derives from the writings of Paul the Apostle. Desert Fathers and other saints acted the part of Holy Fools, as have the yurodivy (or iurodstvo) of Eastern Orthodox asceticism. Fools for Christ often employ shocking and unconventional behavior to challenge accepted norms, deliver prophecies, or to mask their piety.

Saint Isidora
Saint Isidora, also known as Saint Isidore and Isidora of Tabenna, was a Christian nun and saint of the 4th century AD. She is considered among the earliest fools for Christ. While very little is known of Isidora's life, she is remembered for her exemplification of the writing of St. Paul that “Whosoever of you believes that he is wise by the measure of this world, may he become a fool, so as to become truly wise.” The story of Isidora effectively highlights the Christian ideal that recognition or glory from man is second to one's actions being seen by God, even if that means one's actions or even one's self remains unknown or misunderstood. This ideal was extremely important to the early Desert Fathers and Mothers who recorded Isidora's story.
International Conference on Afghanistan, Bonn (2001)
In December 2001, after Operation Enduring Freedom had toppled the Taliban regime of Afghanistan, the German city of Bonn hosted a conference—widely known as the Bonn Conference—of Afghan leaders at Hotel Petersberg, to choose the leader of an Afghan Interim Authority and establish an initial political agreement for reorganising the governmental institutions of Afghanistan. The conference chose Hamid Karzai, who was subsequently elected president in 2004. Karzai subsequently appointed many anti-Taliban allies and regional leaders to senior posts within the interim government and to senior posts in the Provincial governments. The conference set up the Bonn Agreement for institutional reorganisation.

Afghan Interim Administration
The Afghan Interim Administration (AIA), also known as the Afghan Interim Authority, was the first administration of Afghanistan after the fall of the first Taliban regime and was the highest authority of the country from 22 December 2001 until 13 June 2002.