hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jean-Paul Riopelle
Jean-Paul Riopelle, CC GOQ RCA (October 7, 1923 – March 12, 2002) was a Canadian painter and sculptor from Quebec. He had one of the longest and most important international careers of the sixteen signatories of the Refus Global, the 1948 manifesto that announced the Quebecois artistic community's refusal of clericalism and provincialism. He is best known for his abstract painting style, in particular his "mosaic" works of the 1950s when he famously abandoned the paintbrush, using only a palette knife to apply paint to canvas, giving his works a distinctive sculptural quality. He became the first Canadian painter since James Wilson Morrice to attain widespread international recognition and high praise, both during his career and after his death. He was a leading artist of French Lyrical Abstraction.

Lyrical abstraction
Lyrical abstraction arose from either of two related but distinct trends in Post-war Modernist painting:

European Abstraction Lyrique: a movement that emerged in Paris, with the French art critic Jean José Marchand being credited with coining its name in 1947; considered a component of Tachisme when the name of this movement was coined in 1951 by Pierre Guéguen and Charles Estienne (author of L'Art à Paris 1945–1966); and

American Lyrical Abstraction: a movement described by Larry Aldrich (founder of the Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum in Ridgefield, Connecticut) in 1969.

A second definition is the usage as a descriptive term. It is a descriptive term characterizing a type of abstract painting related to Abstract Expressionism; in use since the 1940s. Many well known abstract expressionist painters such as Arshile Gorky seen in context have been characterized as doing a type of painting described as lyrical abstraction.
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge in south central Kansas, United States, is a wildlife refuge that includes rare inland marshes. Located near the town of Stafford, it lies mostly in northeastern Stafford County, but small parts extend into southwestern Rice and northwestern Reno Counties. Its proximity to the Central Flyway migration route and the salt marshes on the refuge combine to endow the refuge with a large variety of birds.  Many of these birds are uncommon in other parts of Kansas or even the central part of the continent.

On January 29, 2008, Quivira NWR and Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area were jointly named as one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas. Quivira NWR is one of 29 places in the United States on the Ramsar list as a wetland of international importance.

Cheyenne Bottoms
Cheyenne Bottoms is a wetland in the central Great Plains of North America. Occupying approximately 41,000 acres (170 km2; 64 sq mi) in central Kansas, it is the largest wetland in the interior United States. The Bottoms is a critical stopping point on the Central Flyway for millions of birds which migrate through the region annually.
Taphow
Taphow (/ˈtæpˌhoʊ/ TAP-hoh) was a Native American Munsee sachem in Connecticut, was the son of Ponus and the uncle to Katonah. Taphow, known as the "Sakimore and Commander in Chief of all those Indians inhabiting in northern New Jersey, signed many land deeds "in the lands of Taphow and his relations" including the Ramapo Tract in 1700, the Kakiat Patent in 1701 and witnessed the sale of the Wawayanda Patent. Taphow's wife, Awowas (Wawowus), and son Quatowquechuck also signed on some land deeds. Taphow was accused of murder in Connecticut but was acquitted for lack of evidence.

Katonah (Native American leader)
Katonah was a Lenape sachem who led  parts of two bands of Wappinger in what is today the far southeastern part of mainland New York State and southwestern Connecticut: the Wiechquaeskeck in the Greenwich, Stamford areas of Connecticut, and the Ramapo inhabiting that of today's Bedford, New York.

Some believe the Ramapo Sachemdom - which later relocated across the Hudson River in both New York and New Jersey (for whom today's town of Ramapo, New York, and the Ramapo Mountains of New Jersey are named) - was part of the Tankiteke chieftaincy of the Wappinger (itself effectively a league or confederation of a dozen or so bands, sovereign to itself but linguistically at least a Lenape people).

The land of today's town of Bedford was purchased from Chief Katonah.
The Midnight Meat Train
The Midnight Meat Train is a 2008 American horror film based on Clive Barker's 1984 short story of the same name. Its plot follows a photographer who attempts to track down a serial killer dubbed the "Subway Butcher", and discovers more than he bargained for under the city streets.

Directed by Ryuhei Kitamura, the film stars Bradley Cooper, Leslie Bibb, Brooke Shields, Roger Bart, Ted Raimi and Vinnie Jones. Its script was adapted by Jeff Buhler, the producer was Tom Rosenberg of Lakeshore Entertainment, and it was released on August 1, 2008. The film received mixed reviews. Producer Joe Daley, a long-time friend of Buhler's, brought the two writers together and helped develop the script, along with producers Anthony DiBlasi and Jorge Saralegui, for their and Clive Barker's production company Midnight Picture Show, which was responsible for Book of Blood, the next film adaptation from the anthology of short stories that spawned The Midnight Meat Train.

Clive Barker
Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is a British writer, filmmaker, and visual artist. He came to prominence in the 1980s with a series of short stories collectively named the Books of Blood, which established him as a leading horror author. His work has been adapted into films, notably the Hellraiser series (the first installment of which he also wrote and directed) and the Candyman series.

Barker's paintings and illustrations have been shown in galleries in the United States, and have appeared in his books. He has also created characters and series for comic books, and some of his more popular horror stories have been featured in ongoing comics series.
Paleologo Zaccaria
Paleologo Zaccaria ( ? –1314) was the Lord of Chios and Phocaea, as well as other Aegean islands from 1307 until his death.

Paleologo was the son of Benedetto I Zaccaria Lord of Chios and Pocaea; his mother was a Palaiologina, sister of the Emperor Michael VIII. His first name is unknown, as is the first name of his mother. On the death of his father, he succeeded him.

The brothers Benedetto II Zaccaria and Martino Zaccaria were his sons (or his cousins, sons of Nicolino Zaccaria).

Martino Zaccaria
Martino Zaccaria was the Lord of Chios from 1314 to 1329, ruler of several other Aegean islands, and baron of Veligosti–Damala and Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea. He distinguished himself in the fight against Turkish corsairs in the Aegean Sea, and received the title of "King and Despot of Asia Minor" from the titular Latin Emperor, Philip II. He was deposed from his rule of Chios by a Byzantine expedition in 1329 and imprisoned in Constantinople until 1337. Martino then returned to Italy, where he was named the Genoese ambassador to the Holy See. In 1343, he was named commander of the Papal squadron in the Smyrniote crusade against Umur Bey, ruler of the Emirate of Aydin, and participated in the storming of Smyrna in October 1344. He was killed, along with several other leaders of the crusade, in a Turkish attack on 17 January 1345.
Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980
Greece was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the song "Autostop", composed by Jick Nacassian, with lyrics by Rony Sofu, and performed by Anna Vissi and The Epikouri. The Greek participating broadcaster, the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), held a national final to select its entry.

Greece performed third at the event, held on 19 April 1980, in the Hague, Netherlands, and placed 13th with 30 points. This tied the nation's lowest placement in the contest.

Autostop (Anna Vissi and the Epikouri song)
"Autostop" (Greek: Ωτοστόπ; "Hitch-Hiking") is a song recorded by Greek-Cypriot group Anna Vissi and the Epikouri, with music composed by Jick Nacassian and Greek lyrics written by Rony Sofu. It represented Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 held in The Hague.
Indiana College Athletic League
The Indiana College Athletic League (ICAL) was formed in December 1902 to govern intercollegiate competition in male sports for the smaller colleges of Indiana. Its members had all previously belonged to the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association (IIAA), the state's first athletic conference, established in 1890.

Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association
The Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association was a men's college athletic conference in the United States, established in 1890 by institutions in the state of Indiana. At a time when the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) did not yet exist, such organizations attempted to bring order out of the chaos of the formative years of American intercollegiate sports.
Gordon Buchanan
Gordon John Buchanan MBE (born 10 April 1972) is a Scottish wildlife cameraman, filmmaker and presenter. His work includes the nature documentaries Tribes, Predators & Me, The Bear Family & Me, The Polar Bear Family & Me and Life in the Snow.

Tribes, Predators & Me
Tribes, Predators & Me is a British nature documentary series hosted by Gordon Buchanan, which documents indigenous people living alongside some of the most dangerous animals on earth. It first aired in 2016. It was revived in 2017 for a second season.
Taxi Car
Taxi Car is a 1972 Indian Malayalam- language detective film, directed and produced by P. Venu. The film stars Prem Nazir, Sadhana, Vijayasree and Vincent in the lead roles. The film had musical score by R. K. Shekhar.

This film is a sequel to the Venu's 1971 film C.I.D. Nazir.

R. K. Shekhar
R. K. Shekhar (7 November 1933 – 30 September 1976) was an Indian music composer who worked primarily for Malayalam cinema and served as music conductor for more than 100 films. He is the father of A. R. Rahman and A. R. Reihana.

His grandchildren A. R. Ameen, Khatija Rahman, G. V. Prakash Kumar, and Bhavani Sre are involved in the music and film industries.

His debut song as a music director was "Chotta Muthal Chudala Vare" ("from cradle to grave"), which was a big hit in Kerala. This was composed for the film Pazhassi Raja (1964).
Sean D. Tucker
Sean Doherty Tucker (born April 27, 1952) is an American world champion aerobatic aviator. He was previously sponsored by the Oracle Corporation for many years, performing in air shows worldwide as "Team Oracle". Tucker has won numerous air show championship competitions throughout his career, was named one of the 25 "Living Legends of Flight" by the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in 2003, and was inducted into  the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2008. He has led several efforts to assist youth in learning to fly or becoming involved in general aviation, and currently serves as co-chairman of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)'s Young Eagles program, a role he has held since 2013.

Oracle Corporation
Oracle Corporation is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Co-founded in Santa Clara, California by Bob Miner, Ed Oates, and current chairman of the board and chief technology officer, Larry Ellison in 1977, Oracle is among the 20 largest companies in the world by market cap, and ranked 66th on the Forbes Global 2000 as of 2025.

The company sells database software (particularly the Oracle Database), enterprise applications, and cloud infrastructure and hardware. Oracle's core application software is a suite of enterprise software products, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), human capital management (HCM), customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise performance management (EPM), Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and supply chain management (SCM) software.
Daniel Paul Arulswamy
Daniel Paul Arulswamy (5 September 1916 – 12 October 2003) was an Indian clergyman and bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumbakonam. Arulswamy was born in Viragalur. He died on 12 October 2003, at the age of 87. He was the fourth bishop of Kumbakonam from same clergy. The Renowned Social Activist, Father Stan Swamy SJ was also born at his birth place.

Diocese of Kumbakonam
The Diocese of Kumbakonam (Latin: Kumbakonamen(sis)) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or diocese of the Catholic Church in India. Its episcopal see is Kumbakonam. The Diocese of Kumbakonam is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore.
Erika Aittamaa
Maria Erika "Riiga" Olofsdotter Aittamaa (22 February 1866 – 15 December 1952) was a Tornedalian artisan, famed as the inventor of the Lovikkavante mitten.

Aittamaa was born to a poor family with many children. A part of the Finnic Meänkieli-speaking population of the Norrbotten County in northern Sweden, she lived in Lovikka with her husband and children and started to sell mittens to make money. In 1892 she invented the Lovikkavante, a special kind of mittens. Demand for Erika's mittens became so great that she taught others how to make them. During the 1930s a local teacher found that she could patent the design. The process however cost money and although the teacher found people who would fund the cost, Aittamaa refused to take charity.

Lovikkavante
Lovikkavante ('Lovikka Mitten') is a noted Swedish glove or mitten originating from the village of Lovikka, in the district of Junosuando by the Torne River in Pajala Municipality, Norrbotten in Northern Sweden. It is a knitted wool mitten manufactured and designed in accordance with the pattern established by its creator Erika Aittamaa in 1892, especially designed for the cold climate of Northern Sweden. The village of Lovikka has a small museum dedicated to the history and design of the mittens.
Igor Luzhkovsky
Igor Georgiyevich Luzhkovsky (Russian: Игорь Георгиевич Лужковский; 18 March 1938 – 14 September 2000) was a Russian swimmer who won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay at the 1958 European Aquatics Championships. He also competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and finished fifth in the 4 × 100 m medley and eights in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay. In 1959 he won two gold medals at the Summer Universiade and a national title in the 100 m freestyle, setting a new national record. Between 1958 and 1960 he also set three European records.

He graduated from the Lesgaft University of Physical Education in Saint Petersburg and married Marina Shamal, who also competed in swimming at the 1960 Olympics. He was a lieutenant colonel in the Soviet Army.

Marina Shamal
Marina Yakubovna Shamal (Russian: Марина Якубовна Шамаль; born 9 April 1939) is a retired Russian swimmer. She competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics and finished eights in the 4×100 m freestyle and medley relays. She was a national champion in the 100 m freestyle (1962, 1963), 4×100 m freestyle (1955) and 4×100 m medley events (1956).

She married Igor Luzhkovsky, who also competed at the 1960 Olympics in swimming, and changed her last name to Luzhkovskaya (Russian: Лужковская). After retiring from competitions she worked as a coach in swimming and synchronized swimming.
Hilde Güden
Hilde Güden (or Gueden; 15 September 1917 – 17 September 1988) was an Austrian soprano who was one of the most appreciated Straussian and Mozartian sopranos of her day. Her youthful and lively interpretations made her an ideal interpreter of roles such as Zerbinetta in Ariadne auf Naxos and Susanna in Le nozze di Figaro.

Ariadne auf Naxos
Ariadne auf Naxos (Ariadne on Naxos), Op. 60, is a 1912 opera by Richard Strauss with a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal. The opera's unusual combination of elements of low commedia dell'arte with those of high opera seria points up one of the work's principal themes: the competition between high and low art for the public's attention.
Second Statute of Repeal
The Second Statute of Repeal (1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 8) or the See of Rome Act 1554, was an act of the Parliament of England  passed in the Parliament of Queen Mary I and King Philip in 1555, followed the First Statute of Repeal (1 Mar. Sess. 2. c. 2) of 1553. The first statute had abolished all religious legislation passed under Edward VI and the second statute built on it by abolishing all religious legislation passed against the papacy from 1529 (the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey) in Henry VIII's reign.  It was supported by the landed classes as it allowed them to keep the monastic land which they had acquired after the dissolution of the monasteries.

First Statute of Repeal
The First Statute of Repeal was an act of the Parliament of England (1 Mar. Sess. 2. c. 2), passed in 1553 in the first Parliament of Mary I's reign, that nullified all religious legislation passed under the previous monarch, the boy-king Edward VI, and the de facto rulers of that time, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, and John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland.
Azad (2000 film)
Azad (transl. Independent) is a 2000 Indian Telugu-language patriotic action film written and directed by Thirupathisamy, and produced by C. Ashwini Dutt under Vyjayanthi Movies. It stars Nagarjuna Akkineni in the titular role alongside Shilpa Shetty and Soundarya, while the music was composed by Mani Sharma. The film completed a 100-day run in 4 centres and was a commercial success.

The film won four Nandi Awards and was remade in Kannada as Bhagath (2004) and loosely remade in Tamil as Velayudham (2011). Besides a Tamil remake, the film was dubbed into Tamil as Kurukshetram.

Thirupathisamy
Thirupathisamy was an Indian film director, known for his works in Telugu cinema and Tamil cinema. After making his debut in 1998 with the successful Ganesh, he has gone on to make other box office hits including Azad and Narasimha. He died in a car accident in Chennai in June 2001 at the age of 32.
Salting in
Salting in refers to the effect where increasing the ionic strength of a solution increases the solubility of a solute, such as a protein. This effect tends to be observed at lower ionic strengths.

Protein solubility is a complex function of physicochemical nature of the protein, pH, temperature, and the concentration of the salt used. It also depends on whether the salt is kosmotropic, whereby the salt will stabilize water. The solubility of proteins usually increases slightly in the presence of salt, referred to as "salting in". However, at high concentrations of salt, the solubility of the proteins drop sharply and proteins can precipitate out, referred to as "salting out".

Ionic strength
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a solution with dissolved ions is the ionic strength. Ionic strength can be molar (mol/L solution) or molal (mol/kg solvent) and to avoid confusion the units should be stated explicitly. The concept of ionic strength was first introduced by Lewis and Randall in 1921 while describing the activity coefficients of strong electrolytes.
Bakhytjan Sagintayev
Baqytjan Äbdırūly Sağyntaev (/ˌbɑːkətˈʒɑːn ˌsæɡɪnˈtaɪɛf/ BAH-kət-ZHAHN SAG-in-TY-ef, born 13 October 1963) is a Kazakh politician who was a Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, from 9 September 2016 until his resignation on 21 February 2019. He served as the Äkim of Almaty from 28 June 2019 until he was replaced by Erbolat Dosaev on 31 January 2022 following the 2022 Kazakh unrest which greatly affected the city. He currently serves as Chairman of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Erbolat Dosaev
Erbolat Asqarbekūly Dossaev (er-boh-LAHT doh-SAH-yev, Kazakh: Ерболат Асқарбекұлы Досаев, Kazakh pronunciation: [jerbɔɫɑt ɑsqaɾbʲeko̙ɫɯ dɔsɑjəf]; born 21 May 1970) is a Kazakh politician who served as äkım of Almaty from 2022 to 2025. Prior to that, he was a National Bank of Kazakhstan chairman from 25 February 2019 and served as a Deputy Prime Minister from 29 August 2017 to 25 February 2019. He served as the Minister of Finance from 16 June 2003 to 5 April 2005, headed the Agency for Regulating Natural Monopolies, and later as the Health Minister from 5 April 2004 to 20 September 2006. In January 2013, Dossaev was appointed head of a reorganized Minister of National Economy.
Patricia Laffan
Patricia Alice Laffan (19 March 1919 – 10 March 2014) was an English stage, film, television and radio actress, and also, after her retirement from acting, an international fashion impresario. She was five feet, six inches tall, with dark reddish-brown hair and green eyes. She is best known for her film roles as the Empress Poppaea in Quo Vadis (1951) and the alien Nyah in Devil Girl from Mars (1954). Her biography, Devil Girl Remembered,  was written by Andrew Ross in 2021.

Poppaea Sabina
Poppaea Sabina (30 AD – 65 AD), also known as Ollia, was a Roman empress as the second wife of the emperor Nero. She had also been wife to the future emperor Otho. The historians of antiquity describe her as a beautiful woman who used intrigues to become empress.

The large Villa Poppaea at Oplontis near Pompeii bears her name because of the archaeological finds there. It has been largely excavated and can be visited today.
Markis Kido
Markis Kido (11 August 1984 – 14 June 2021) was an Indonesian badminton player specializing in men's doubles. As a former world number 1, he won the discipline's gold medal at the 2006 World Cup, 2007 World Championships, 2008 Olympic Games, 2009 Asia Championships, and 2010 Asian Games with Hendra Setiawan.

Fu Haifeng
Fu Haifeng (born 23 August 1983) is a Chinese badminton player. He is considered one of the all-time greats of badminton. Combining Fu Haifeng's impressive power with his regular partner Cai Yun's impressive speed, he has won numerous top tier events on the world circuit including the All England Open in 2005 and 2009 and the BWF World Championships in 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2011. Cai and Fu have helped China win five consecutive Thomas Cup (World men's team championships) (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012) and four consecutive Sudirman Cup (World mixed team championships) (2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011). Cai and Fu also competed together in the Olympic games 3 times, including the 2004, the 2008 and the 2012 Olympic Games.
Johan Gadolin
Johan Gadolin (5 June 1760 – 15 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a "new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of the Chair of Chemistry at the Royal Academy of Turku (or Åbo Kungliga Akademi). Gadolin was ennobled for his achievements and awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir and the Order of Saint Anna.

Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element; it has symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a rare-earth element. Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust.

The most important present-day use of yttrium is as a component of phosphors, especially those used in LEDs. Historically, it was once widely used in the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties.

Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans.