hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sarah Jones (politician)
Sarah Ann Jones (born 20 December 1972) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Croydon West, formerly Croydon Central, since 2017. She has served as Minister of State for Policing and Crime since 6 September 2025.

Jones previously served as Shadow Minister for Industry and Decarbonisation and Shadow Minister for Policing and the Fire Service. She served as Minister of State for Industry from July 2024 to September 2025.

Minister of State for Industry
The Minister of State for Industry is a mid-level role in the Department for Business and Trade and Department for Energy Security and Net Zero of His Majesty's Government. It has been held by Sarah Jones since 8 July 2024.

Since 2024, the Minister has belonged to two government departments.
Jassa Ahluwalia
Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (born 12 September 1990) is a British actor, director and radio presenter.  He acted in the BBC television series Some Girls, the film The Whale and presented the Disney Junior TV show Art Attack.

The Whale (2013 film)
The Whale is a British television film that was first broadcast on BBC One on 22 December 2013. Terry Cafolla wrote the film about the Essex incident in 1820, which also formed the basis of Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick. The Whale was also broadcast on Animal Planet in the United States during the summer of 2014.
Overpotential
In electrochemistry, overpotential is the potential difference (voltage) between a half-reaction's thermodynamically determined reduction potential and the potential at which the redox event is experimentally observed. The term is directly related to a cell's voltage efficiency.  In an electrolytic cell the existence of overpotential implies that the cell requires more energy than thermodynamically expected to drive a reaction. In a galvanic cell the existence of overpotential means less energy is recovered than thermodynamics predicts. In each case the extra/missing energy is lost as heat. The quantity of overpotential is specific to each cell design and varies across cells and operational conditions, even for the same reaction. Overpotential is experimentally determined by measuring the potential at which a given current density (typically small) is achieved.

Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference and identifiable chemical change. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically conducting phase (typically an external electric circuit, but not necessarily, as in electroless plating) between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte (or ionic species in a solution).

When a chemical reaction is driven by an electrical potential difference, as in electrolysis, or if a potential difference results from a chemical reaction as in an electric battery or fuel cell, it is called an electrochemical reaction. In electrochemical reactions, unlike in other chemical reactions,  electrons are not transferred directly between atoms, ions, or molecules, but via the aforementioned electric circuit. This phenomenon is what distinguishes an electrochemical reaction from a conventional chemical reaction.
Jared Staal
Jared John Staal (born August 21, 1990) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the head coach for the Savannah Ghost Pirates of the ECHL. He formerly served as an assistant coach for the Charlotte Checkers of the American Hockey League (AHL).

Staal moved into coaching after retiring from playing in 2017, following a season with the Edinburgh Capitals of the Elite Ice Hockey League (EIHL). Staal was also a member of the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is the fourth and youngest member of the Staal brothers, being the brother of former players Eric Staal and Marc Staal, as well as Jordan Staal of the Carolina Hurricanes. He is also the cousin of Jeff Heerema, formerly of the Nottingham Panthers.

Jeff Heerema
Jeffrey Heerema (/hɪˈriːmə/; born January 17, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. He last played for the Nottingham Panthers of the EIHL. He was drafted in the first round, 11th overall, by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. Prior to signing for the Nottingham club he most recently played for KHL Medveščak Zagreb in Croatia.
Gabriel Aubry (racing driver)
Gabriel Aubry (born 3 April 1998) is a French racing driver who last competed in the World Endurance Championship for Vector Sport. He is a stalwart of the LMP2 category, having taken a runner-up spot for Jackie Chan DC Racing in the 2018–19 WEC season before competing in the IMSA SportsCar Championship and the European Le Mans Series.

Jackie Chan DC Racing
Jackie Chan DC Racing, formerly known as DC Racing, is a racing team that competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship, European Le Mans Series and Asian Le Mans Series, with plans to make a return to the IMSA SportsCar Championship in 2023. The team is co-owned by Asian Le Mans champion David Cheng and actor Jackie Chan. Partnering with Jota Sport in WEC, the team fields Oreca 07: the No. 37 for Ho-Pin Tung, Gabriel Aubry and Will Stevens.
Revised Common Lectionary
The Revised Common Lectionary (RCL) is a lectionary of readings or pericopes from the Bible for use in Christian worship, making provision for the liturgical year with its pattern of observances of festivals and seasons. It was preceded by the Common Lectionary, assembled in 1983, itself preceded by the COCU Lectionary, published in 1974 by the Consultation on Church Union (COCU). This lectionary was derived from Protestant lectionaries in use, which in turn were based on the 1969 Ordo Lectionum Missae, a three-year lectionary produced by the Catholic Church following the reforms of the Second Vatican Council.

Ordo Lectionum Missae
The Ordo Lectionum Missae (known officially in English as the Order of Readings for Mass and commonly referred to as the OLM) is the main liturgical lectionary used in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. It contains the designated scripture readings for the celebration of the Mass of Paul VI, encompassing selections (pericopes) from both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.
Mount-Poonamallee Road
St. Thomas Mount-Poonamallee Road, popularly known as the Mount-Poonamallee Road (SH-55), is an arterial road in the city of Chennai, India. It runs for 11 kilometres from Kathipara Junction to the NH 4 highway connecting St. Thomas Mount with the suburb of Poonamallee. A 5-kilometre stretch of the Mount-Poonamallee Road is located in the Alandur taluk of Chennai district, part of Maduravoyal Taluk in Chennai district and the remainder in the Poonamallee taluk of Thiruvallur district.

Poonamallee
Poonamallee is a western suburb of Chennai, India under the Chennai Metropolitan Area. It was historically called Pushpagirimangalam, later renamed in Tamil as Poovirundhavalli (Tamil: [puːʋiɾɯn̪daʋalli]), and now colloquially called as Poondhamalli. It is the headquarters of the Poonamallee taluk of the Tiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The nearest Railway station is at Avadi. It acts as the gateway to the city from its western side. It is a town with rich cultural heritage and also a fast-growing areas in the city. As of 2011, the town had a population of 60,607. There are plans to merge the areas under Poonamallee Municipality with Avadi Municipal Corporation.
Murtizapur Assembly constituency
Murtizapur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha and one of the five which are located in Akola district. It is reserved for a Scheduled Caste candidate.

It is a part of Akola Lok Sabha constituency along with five other assembly constituencies, viz Akot, Balapur, Akola West, and Akola East and Risod  from the Washim district.

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 32 Murtizapur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 
1. Murtizapur Tehsil, 2. Barshitakli Tehsil, and 3. Akola Tehsil (Part), Revenue Circle - Kurankhed. of the district.

Balapur Assembly constituency
Balapur Assembly constituency is one of the 288 constituencies of Maharashtra State Assembly and one of the five which are located in Akola district.

It is a part of the Akola (Lok Sabha constituency) along with five other assembly constituencies, viz Akot, Akola West and Akola East, Murtizapur (SC) and Risod  from the Washim district.

As per orders of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 29 Balapur Assembly constituency is composed of the following: 
1. Balapur Tehsil, 2. Patur Tehsil, 3. Akola Tehsil (Part) Revenue Circle - Ugawa of the Akola district.
Shangpa Kagyu
The Shangpa Kagyu (Tibetan: ཤངས་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད, Wylie: shangs pa bka' brgyud, "Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo Kagyu schools. The Dagpo Kagyu are the lineage of Tilopa through his student Naropa, often traced through Naropa's famous student Marpa Lotsawa and thus called "Marpa Kagyu", while the Shangpa lineage descends from Tilopa's student Niguma, who was Naropa's sister, as well as from the teachings of Sukhasiddhi. Its founder was Khyungpo Naljor, the student of both women, whose monastery in the Shang Valley gave its name to the tradition.

The principal Shangpa dharmapala is the six-armed Mahākāla.

The Shangpa tradition was revitalized in the 20th century by the first Kalu Rinpoche, who had many students both in Tibet and in the West.

Sukhasiddhi
Sukhasiddhi (flourished 11th Century) was an Indian teacher of Vajrayana Buddhism, a yogini and master of meditation. She was born in west Kashmir to a large, poor family. A mother of three sons and three daughters, she once gave a beggar the only food in the house and was expelled from home.

She traveled to Oḍḍiyāna, thought to be the land of dakas and dakinis, and there she met Virupa, a mahasiddha who became her guru. Sukhasiddhi quickly became completely realized and together with Niguma, as well as Rāhula, Maitripada and Vajrasapana, was the root teacher of the Tibetan yogi Khungpo Naljor, who founded the Shangpa Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Finland–United Kingdom relations
Finland–United Kingdom relations (also known as Anglo-Finnish relations or British-Finnish relations) (Finnish: Suomen ja Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan suhteet or Britannian ja Suomen suhteet) are the bilateral relations between Finland and the United Kingdom.

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe,  the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD,  and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Bilaterally the two countries have a mutual defence agreement, and a strategic partnership agreement. The United Kingdom recognised the independence of Finland on 6 May 1919. Diplomatic relations had been established earlier, on 28 March 1918.

Embassy of Finland, London
The Embassy of Finland in London is the diplomatic mission of Finland in the United Kingdom.

It is located in Belgravia, 38 Chesham Place. Belgravia is known to be a home for many embassies.

The Grade II listed building was built by Thomas Cubitt in the 1830s and had many occupants until it became the Finnish embassy in 1975.

The ambassador of Finland to the United Kingdom, since 2025, is Teemu Turunen moved to London from the position of Deputy Director of the Finnish Security Intelligence Service. Previously, he has served as Peace Mediation Ambassador (2020–2021), Head of the Buenos Aires Mission (2016–2019), and Head of the Consular Unit at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs (2012–2016).

The Ambassador’s Residence is in 14 Kensington Palace Gardens.
Robson Green
Robson Golightly Green (born 18 December 1964) is an English actor, singer-songwriter and television presenter.

His first major TV role was as hospital porter Jimmy Powell in BBC drama series Casualty in 1989. He then went on to portray Fusilier Dave Tucker in the ITV military drama series Soldier Soldier, between 1991 and 1995. In 1997 he played Dr. Owen Springer in drama serial Reckless, and starred as Dr. Tony Hill in the ITV crime drama series Wire in the Blood (2002-2008). Since 2014, he has played Detective Inspector Geordie Keating in ITV's detective period drama Grantchester. As of early 2026, Season 10 has aired and Season 11, the last season, is in the works with no expected air date yet known.

As a TV presenter he has fronted shows such as Extreme Fishing, Extreme Fishing Challenge and Tales from Northumberland. He was one half of the singing duo Robson & Jerome, along with fellow Soldier Soldier actor Jerome Flynn, who had several No. 1 singles in the 1990s.

Dr. Tony Hill
Dr Anthony ‘Tony’ Valentine Hill is a fictional character created by Scottish crime writer Val McDermid. He is portrayed by actor Robson Green in the ITV television series Wire in the Blood based on her Tony Hill and Carol Jordan series of novels.
Manned Maneuvering Unit
The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) is an astronaut propulsion unit that was used by NASA on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984. The MMU allowed the astronauts to perform untethered extravehicular spacewalks at a distance from the shuttle. The MMU was used in practice to retrieve a pair of faulty communications satellites, Westar VI and Palapa B2. Following the third mission the unit was retired from use. A smaller successor, the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER), was first flown in 1994; it is intended for emergency use only.

Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue
Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) is a small, self-contained, propulsive backpack system (jet pack) worn during spacewalks, to be used in case of emergency only. If an untethered astronaut were to lose physical contact with the vessel, it would provide free-flying mobility to return to it. It is worn on spacewalks outside the International Space Station (ISS) and was worn on spacewalks outside the Space Shuttle. So far, there has not been an emergency in which it was needed. SAFER is a small, simplified version of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), which was used for regular maneuvering.
Kenichi Sakai
Kenichi Sakai (坂井 謙一, Sakai Kenichi), (born May 25, 1982) is a Japanese professional wrestler, currently signed to Michinoku Pro Wrestling where he competes under the ring name Ken45° and is one half of the reigning Tohoku Tag Team Champions and UWA World Tag Team Champions with Kengo.

Ricky Fuji
Masanori Morimura (森村 方則, Morimura Masanori) (born September 27, 1965) better known under his ring name Ricky Fuji (リッキー・フジ, Rikkī Fuji) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to Action Advance Pro Wrestling, where he also runs the day-to-day operations. He is perhaps best known for his time with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW), where he wrestled between the promotion's early days in 1990 until the promotion's closure in 2002, making him the longest-tenured wrestler in the company's history.

Fuji initially joined FMW as a mid-carder, who initially teamed and feuded with the promotion's founder Atsushi Onita on several occasions. He was a part of many groups including Team Canada and Lethal Weapon during the mid-1990s while also achieving success in the company's junior heavyweight division, winning the AWA World Light Heavyweight Championship and the Independent World Junior Heavyweight Championship once each.
Ramp function
The ramp function is a unary real function, whose graph is shaped like a ramp. It can be expressed by numerous definitions, for example "0 for negative inputs, output equals input for non-negative inputs". The term "ramp" can also be used for other functions obtained by scaling and shifting, and the function in this article is the unit ramp function (slope 1, starting at 0).

In mathematics, the ramp function is also known as the positive part.

In machine learning, it is commonly known as a ReLU activation function or a rectifier in analogy to half-wave rectification in electrical engineering.   In statistics (when used as a likelihood function) it is known as a tobit model.

This function has numerous applications in mathematics and engineering, and goes by various names, depending on the context. There are differentiable variants of the ramp function.

Positive and negative parts
In mathematics, the positive part of a real or extended real-valued function is defined by the formula

Intuitively, the graph of  is obtained by taking the graph of , 'chopping off' the part under the x-axis, and letting  take the value zero there.

Similarly, the negative part of f is defined as

Note that both f+ and f− are non-negative functions. A peculiarity of terminology is that the 'negative part' is neither negative nor a part (like the imaginary part of a complex number is neither imaginary nor a part).

The function f can be expressed in terms of f+ and f− as

Also note that

Using these two equations one may express the positive and negative parts as

Another representation, using the Iverson bracket is

One may define the positive and negative part of any function with values in a linearly ordered group.

The unit ramp function is the positive part of the identity function.
Pusher (1996 film)
Pusher is a 1996 Danish crime thriller film co-written and directed by Nicolas Winding Refn, in his film debut. A commercial success considered to be influential in Danish film history, it marked Mads Mikkelsen's film debut.

The film is set in the criminal underground of Copenhagen, Denmark, and tells the story of the drug dealer Frank (Kim Bodnia) who, after losing a large amount of money in a drug deal gone wrong, falls into desperation as he only has a few days to raise the money he owes.

Although Pusher was not intended to become a franchise, financial difficulties forced Refn to produce two sequels: Pusher II, focusing on Mikkelsen's character after the events of the first film, and Pusher 3, focusing on another secondary character introduced in Pusher; both were financial and critical successes. A Hindi remake of the same name was released in 2010, as well as an English-language remake in 2012.

Kim Bodnia
Kim Bodnia (born 12 April 1965) is a Danish actor. He became widely known for his role as police detective Martin Rohde in the Scandinavian crime drama series The Bridge (2011-2014). He is also known internationally for his lead role as drug dealer Frank in Nicolas Winding Refn's 1996 directorial debut Pusher, and as Konstantin in the spy thriller TV series Killing Eve (2018–2022).

Amongst his award wins and nominations, he is the recipient of two Robert Awards for Best Supporting Actor in Nightwatch (1994) and Best Leading TV Actor in The Bridge. The latter also earned him a Golden Nymph Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival. In 2009, Bodnia won the Bodil Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for the film Terribly Happy (2007), and in 2019, he received a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination for his role in Killing Eve.
Woblitzsee
Woblitzsee is a lake in the Mecklenburg Lake District, in Germany. It is situated in the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte of the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The town of Wesenberg can be found at the south-west end of the lake.

The lake has an elevation of 57.4 metres (188 ft) and a surface area of 5.2 square kilometres (2.0 sq mi).

The navigable River Havel flows through the Woblitzsee, entering via a channel from the Großer Labussee. The river exits the lake at Wesenburg via a 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) channel to the Wangnitzsee. The Kammer Canal also connects to the Woblitzsee, allowing vessels to reach the Zierker See and Neustrelitz. The lake is navigable between these three entrances, and navigation is administered as part of the Obere–Havel–Wasserstraße.

Wangnitzsee
Wangnitzsee is a lake in the Mecklenburg Lake District, in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is situated in the district of Mecklenburgische Seenplatte.

The lake has an elevation of 54.9 metres (180 ft) and a surface area of 1.9 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi).

The navigable River Havel briefly flows through the Wangnitzsee, both entering and exiting at the west end of the lake. The river enters from a 7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) channel from Wesenberg and the Woblitzsee, and exiting directly into the Großer Priepertsee. The lake itself is navigable to its eastern end, and navigation is administered as part of the Obere–Havel–Wasserstraße.
Why? (Stray Kids song)
"Why?" is a song by South Korean boy band Stray Kids from their second Japanese-language studio album Giant (2024). It was released as a promotional single through Epic Records Japan on April 12, 2024. The song serves as the theme for Japanese television drama Re: Revenge – Yokubo no Hate ni (2024).

Giant (Stray Kids album)
Giant is the second Japanese-language studio album and fifth overall by South Korean boy band Stray Kids. It was released through Epic Records Japan on November 13, 2024, following their EP Social Path / Super Bowl (Japanese Ver.) (2023). The album was supported by three singles: "Night" and "Falling Up", themes for the "Workshop Battle" arc of the second season of Kami no Tō: Tower of God, and the title track. Commercially, Giant topped both Oricon Albums Chart and Billboard Japan Hot Albums with 335,000 copies, and received double platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ).
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument
Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located approximately 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, near Cochiti Pueblo. Managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Cochiti Pueblo tribe, it was established as a national monument by President Bill Clinton in January 2001. Kasha-Katuwe means "white cliffs" in the Pueblo language Keresan. The monument is a unit of the BLM's National Conservation Lands.

Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument, a popular recreation area between Santa Fe and Albuquerque, was closed in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and remained closed until November 2024. To prevent crowding the BLM introduced a reservation system, which will allow about 75,000 visitors annually, a reduction from a peak of 130,000.

Cochiti, New Mexico
Cochiti (/ˈkoʊtʃəti/; Eastern Keresan: Kotyit [kʰocʰi̥tʰ]; Western Keresan K’úutìim’é [kʼúːtʰìːm̰é], Navajo: Tǫ́ʼgaaʼ /tʰṍʔkɑ̀ːʔ/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States. The Pueblo of Cochiti is a federally recognized tribe of Pueblo people.

A historic pueblo of the Cochiti people, a Keres people, it is part of the Albuquerque metropolitan area. The population was 528 at the 2010 census. Located 22 miles (35 km) southwest of Santa Fe, the community is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.