hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julie Schumacher
Julie Schumacher is an American novelist, essayist, short story writer and academic. She is a Regents Professor of Creative Writing and English at the University of Minnesota. Schumacher specializes in creative writing, contemporary fiction, and children's literature.

Lawrence R. Jacobs
Lawrence R. Jacobs (born March 6, 1959) is an American political scientist and founder and director of the Center for the Study of Politics and Governance (CSPG) at the University of Minnesota. He was appointed the Walter F. and Joan Mondale Chair for Political Studies at the University of Minnesota's Humphrey School of Public Affairs in 2005 and holds the McKnight Presidential Chair. Jacobs has written or edited, alone or collaboratively, 17 books and over 100 scholarly articles in addition to numerous reports and media essays on American democracy, national and Minnesota elections, political communications, health care reform, and economic inequality. His latest book is Democracy Under Fire: Donald Trump and the Breaking of American History. In 2020, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Paradise Isle
Paradise Isle is a 1937 American film directed by Arthur Greville Collins with sequences shot in American Samoa. The film was produced by Dorothy Davenport under the name "Dorothy Reid" and was released by Monogram Pictures. The film stars Mexican actress Movita Castaneda continuing her persona of a South Seas Island girl that began with Mutiny on the Bounty (1935).

Movita Castaneda
Maria Luisa Castaneda (April 12, 1916 – February 12, 2015) was an American actress and the second wife of actor Marlon Brando. In films, she played exotic women and singers, such as in Flying Down to Rio (1933) and Mutiny on the Bounty (1935). She was the mother of Miko Castaneda Brando and Rebecca Brando Kotlizky.
Eightmile Creek (Tenmile Creek tributary)
Eightmile Creek is an 11.8-mile-long (19.0 km) tributary of Tenmile Creek in Albany County, New York.  Via Tenmile Creek and Catskill Creek, it is part of the Hudson River watershed. Eightmile Creek runs through the town of Westerlo into the town of Rensselaerville, where it joins Tenmile Creek at the hamlet of Medusa. The creek's source is near Onderdonk Lake by Snyders Corners in Westerlo.

Catskill Creek
Catskill Creek is a 46.0-mile-long (74.0 km) tributary of the Hudson River that drains the northeastern Catskill Mountains of the U.S. State of New York.  From its source at Franklinton Vlaie in Schoharie County it flows southeast through parts of Albany County and Greene County to its mouth at the village of Catskill on the Hudson River.

Like Fishkill Creek, Catskill Creek is tautological, literally repeating "creek" twice, as kill is Dutch for "creek".
1972 Delaware gubernatorial election
The 1972 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1972. Democratic nominee Sherman W. Tribbitt defeated incumbent Republican Governor Russell W. Peterson with 51.27% of the vote. This was the last time a Democrat won a gubernatorial election in Delaware until 1992, when Tom Carper (future U.S. Senator) won the gubernatorial election over Republican B. Gary Scott.

Sherman W. Tribbitt
Sherman Willard Tribbitt (November 9, 1922 – August 14, 2010) was an American merchant and politician from Odessa in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a World War II veteran and a member of the Democratic Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as the 17th lieutenant governor of Delaware, and as the 67th governor of Delaware.
Agen
Agen (French: [aʒɛ̃] ⓘ, locally [aˈʒɛŋ], Occitan: [aˈdʒen]) is the prefecture of the southwestern French department of Lot-et-Garonne. It lies on the river Garonne, 135 kilometres (84 miles) southeast of Bordeaux. As of 2023, the population of the commune was 32,801..

Garonne
The Garonne (/ɡəˈrɒn, ɡæˈrɒn/ gə-RON, garr-ON, French: [ɡaʁɔn] ⓘ; Spanish, Catalan, Basque and Occitan: Garona, Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ]; Latin: Garumna
or Garunna) is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain. It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain (Val d'Aran); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area is 56,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km2 (32,746 sq mi) if the  Dordogne River, which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included.

Umayyad and  Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux.
Xanadu (musical)
Xanadu is a musical comedy with a book by Douglas Carter Beane and music and lyrics by Jeff Lynne and John Farrar, based on the 1980 film of the same name, which was, in turn, inspired by the 1947 Rita Hayworth film Down to Earth. The title refers to Xanadu, the site of the Mongolian emperor Kublai Khan's summer palace.

The musical opened on Broadway in 2007 and ran for over 500 performances. Unlike the 1980 film, it was generally well-received by critics upon opening. It earned an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Musical and a Drama Desk Award for Best Book. It was also nominated for Tony Awards for Best Musical and Best Book. The US Tour officially began on December 15, 2009, at the Segerstrom Performing Arts Center.

Douglas Carter Beane
Douglas Carter Beane (born July 12, 1959) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He has been nominated for five Tony Awards and won two Drama Desk Awards. His plays are essentially works with sophisticated, "drawing room" humor but just as often farce, particularly his work in musical theater.

His works include the screenplay of To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, and several plays including The Country Club and The Little Dog Laughed, which was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award for Best Play and As Bees in Honey Drown, which ran at New York's Lucille Lortel Theatre in 1997.
Hebden Bridge
Hebden Bridge is a market town in the civil parish of Hebden Royd, in the Calderdale district of West Yorkshire, England. It is in the Upper Calder Valley, 8 miles (13 km) west of Halifax and 14 miles (21 km) north-east of Rochdale, at the confluence of the River Calder and Hebden Water. The town is the largest settlement in the civil parish of Hebden Royd.

In 2015, the Calder ward, covering Hebden Bridge, Old Town, and part of Todmorden, had a population of 12,167. The town had a population of 4,500 as of 2024.

Calderdale
Calderdale (/ˈkɔːldərdeɪl, ˈkɒl-/) is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, which had a population of 211,439. It takes its name from the River Calder, and dale, a word for valley. The name Calderdale usually refers to the borough through which the upper river flows, while the actual landform is known as the Calder Valley. Several small valleys contain tributaries of the River Calder. The main towns of the borough are Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Hebden Bridge, Sowerby Bridge and Todmorden.

Calderdale covers part of the South Pennines, and the Calder Valley is the southernmost of the Yorkshire Dales, though it is not part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The borough was formed in 1974 by the merger of nine local government districts.

Halifax is the commercial, cultural and administrative centre of the borough. Calderdale is served by Calderdale Council, which is headquartered in Halifax, with some functions based in Todmorden.
Lynn (voice actress)
Lynn (りん, Rin; born June 1) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Arts Vision. She is known primarily for her performances in anime. She voiced Nozomi Kaminashi in Keijo, Fuuka Akitsuki in Fuuka, Ayano Yugiri in Engage Kiss, and Miorine Rembran in Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury.

Engage Kiss
Engage Kiss is a Japanese mixed-media project created by Aniplex. It consists of a manga series, which was serialized in Manga Up! from July 2022 to March 2024, and an anime television series produced by A-1 Pictures and written by Fumiaki Maruto, with character designs by Tsunako, which aired from July to September 2022. An action RPG mobile game follow-up and sequel was developed by Square Enix under the title Engage Kill was released in March 2023.
Sonny Boy (1929 film)
Sonny Boy is a 1929 American sound part-talkie comedy film released by Warner Bros., directed by Archie Mayo. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film stars Davey Lee, Edward Everett Horton, and Betty Bronson.

The film was named after the 1928 hit song "Sonny Boy", which was previously featured in the film The Singing Fool (1928), starring Al Jolson. Lee also played the role of Sonny Boy in The Singing Fool.

As per U.S. copyright law, the film entered the public domain on January 1, 2025.

The Singing Fool
The Singing Fool is a 1928 American sound part-talkie musical drama motion picture directed by Lloyd Bacon which was released by Warner Bros. Pictures In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The soundtrack was recorded using the Vitaphone sound-on-disc system. The film stars Al Jolson and is a follow-up to his previous film, The Jazz Singer. It is credited with helping to cement the popularity of American films of both sound and the musical genre. The film entered the public domain on January 1, 2024.
Bureau of Immigration (Philippines)
The Bureau of Immigration (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pandarayuhan), also known between 1972 and 1987 as the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, is the immigration regulatory and control body of the Philippines. It was established by the Philippine Immigration Act in 1940, although a predecessor agency had existed as part of the Bureau of Customs since 1899.

Philippine Immigration Act
The Philippine Immigration Act of 1940, also known as Commonwealth Act no. 613, is a law establishing the Bureau of Immigration of the Philippines and establishing the visa policy of the Philippines.

The law was passed on August 26, 1940 by the National Assembly of the Philippines. Its long name is "An Act to Control and Regulate the Immigration of Aliens into the Philippines."
Pennsylvania Route 27
Pennsylvania Route 27 (PA 27) is a 65.7-mile-long (105.7 km) state highway that is located in northwest Pennsylvania in the United States.

The western terminus of the route is situated at Park Avenue near U.S. Route 6 (US 6) and U.S. 19 in Meadville. The eastern terminus is located at PA 69, three miles (5 km) south of Sugar Grove.

Pennsylvania Route 69
Pennsylvania Route 69 (PA 69) is a state highway in Warren County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.  The state highway runs 14.313 miles (23.035 km) from U.S. Route 62 (US 62) in Conewango Township near Warren north to the New York state line in Sugar Grove Township, where the highway continues north as County Route 69 (CR 69) in Chautauqua County.  PA 69 connects Warren, Sugar Grove, and the Chautauqua Lake area.
I Literally Just Told You
I Literally Just Told You is a British game show that first aired on Channel 4 from 16 December 2021 to 2 August 2024. The programme is hosted by Jimmy Carr. Some questions are multiple choice general knowledge questions, while the majority are memory-based questions about facts and events from earlier in the episode.

Jimmy Carr
James Anthony Patrick Carr (born 15 September 1972) is a British-Irish comedian. He began his career in 1997 with a series of successful stand-up performances. He has regularly appeared on television as the host of Channel 4 panel shows such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year (since 2004), 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005–2021), and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown (since 2012). Carr is known for his rapid-fire deadpan delivery of one-liners.
Julian Claman
Julian Claman (1918 – April 24, 1969) was an American actor, war correspondent, press agent, stage manager, TV writer/producer, playwright, and novelist. He is well known for producing the TV series Have Gun – Will Travel (1957).

Have Gun – Will Travel
Have Gun – Will Travel is an American Western television series that was produced and originally broadcast by CBS on both television and radio from 1957 through 1963. The television version of the series starring Richard Boone was rated number three or number four in the Nielsen ratings every year of its first four seasons.

Set in the period of the Old West, the series follows the adventures of Paladin, played by Boone, a gentleman investigator who also works as a gunfighter for hire. Although Paladin charges steep fees to clients who can afford to hire him, typically $1,000 per job, he provides his services for free to poor people who need his help.

A radio series starring John Dehner debuted November 23, 1958, more than a year after the premiere of its televised counterpart, making Have Gun – Will Travel one of the few shows in television history to spawn a successful radio version.
Reciprocity Treaty of 1875
The  Treaty of Reciprocity between the United States of America and the Hawaiian Kingdom (Hawaiian: Kuʻikahi Pānaʻi Like) was a free trade agreement signed and ratified in 1875 that is generally known as the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875.

The treaty gave free access to the United States market for sugar and other products grown in the Kingdom of Hawaii starting in September 1876.  In return, the US received a guarantee that Hawaii would not cede or lease any of its lands to other foreign powers. The treaty led to large investment by Americans in sugarcane plantations in Hawaii.

In a later extension of the treaty, the United States negotiated for exclusive use of lands in the area known as Puʻu Loa, which were later used for the Pearl Harbor naval base.

Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaiʻi by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778. Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a century. The sugar grown and processed in Hawaiʻi was shipped primarily to the United States and, in smaller quantities, globally. Sugarcane and pineapple plantations were the largest employers in Hawaiʻi. Sugar production ended in 2016, with a small quantity of sugarcane still being grown for the manufacture of Rhum agricole.
The Black Hussar (operetta)
The Black Hussar is a comic opera in three acts with music by Carl Millöcker. The original work, entitled Der Feldprediger (English: The Army Chaplain), used a German-language libretto by Hugo Wittmann and Alois Wohlmuth that was adapted from Gustav Schilling's Das seltsame Brautgemach. It premiered in Vienna in October 31, 1884. It was only a modest success in Austria. The operetta achieved greater acclaim in the United States in a highly successful English-language adaption by the playwright Sydney Rosenfeld entitled The Black Hussar. This version of Millöcker's comic opera was first performed at Wallack's Theatre on Broadway in 1885 where it had a successful run. The work was subsequently revived on Broadway in 1887 and 1900, and was also performed widely by other American opera troupes during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Sydney Rosenfeld
Sydney Rosenfeld (1855–1931) was an American playwright who wrote numerous plays, and adapted many foreign plays.  Close to fifty of his creations played on Broadway.

Some of his better known plays (though none achieved long-lasting popularity) included A House of Cards, The King's Carnival, The Lady, or the Tiger?, The Vanderbilt Cup, The Aero Club, The Senator, Mlle. Mischief, The Mocking Bird, A Man of Ideas, The 20th Century Girl, Jumping Jupiter, and The Optimist.
California State Route 79
State Route 79 (SR 79) is an approximately 91-mile (146 km) north-south state highway in the U.S. state of California. The highway's southern terminus is at Interstate 8 (I-8) at the Descanso Junction in San Diego County. Its northern terminus is at Interstate 10 (I-10) in the city of Beaumont in Riverside County. In San Diego County, SR 79 connects with Lake Cuyamaca and Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, the communities of Julian and Warner Springs. In Riverside County, the highway runs through the cities of Temecula, Murrieta, Hemet, and San Jacinto before reaching Beaumont. Though some maps and signs may still mark SR 79 as continuous through the cities of Temecula and San Jacinto, control of segments within those cities were relinquished to those local jurisdictions and are thus no longer officially part of the state highway system.

1964 state highway renumbering (California)
In 1963 and 1964, the California Division of Highways, at the behest of the California State Legislature, implemented a major renumbering of its state highways.

The majority of sign routes—those marked for the public—kept their numbers. The main changes were to the legislative routes— those same routes which were defined in state law typically with different numbers,— which had their numbers changed to match the sign routes.

Many formerly unsigned routes received sign numbers corresponding to their new legislative numbers. A smaller change was the removal and truncating of many U.S. Routes in favor of the Interstate Highways (designated in 1959), and the renumbering of State Routes that conflicted with Interstate numbers. Some U.S. Routes that were officially removed continued to be signed until the replacement Interstates were completed.

The state law authorizing the renumbering was passed by the Legislature on September 20, 1963. Signage changes took place by July 1, 1964.
Christopher Young (producer)
Roger Christopher Young, known as Chris Young, is a Scottish TV and film producer, and founder of Young Films. His credits include The Inbetweeners and Bannan.

Young was born in Edinburgh in 1959. His London-based company specialized in high-quality niche films, such as the highly-acclaimed Gaelic-language film Seachd: The Inaccessible Pinnacle. He achieved wider popularity with the TV series and film The Inbetweeners.

Young moved with his family to Skye in the 1990s. Young Films was relocated there in 2014. Young is a Gaelic-language activist, and his children attend Gaelic medium education.

In 2014, Young endorsed Scottish independence, arguing that it would provide opportunities for Scottish film and television.

Young Films
Young Films is a production company based at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye and headed by Chris Young. It produced The Inbetweeners Movie, Seachd: The Inaccessible Pinnacle, and Bannan. The company was originally founded in London, but relocated to Skye in 2014.

A project of Young Films is the Young Films Foundation, a programme to train young filmmakers in Scotland and connect them with the wider UK and international film industry through residential courses. In 2021, the Young Films Foundation announced a year long Screenwriting Programme for new & upcoming writers, which includes a script commission fee for participating writers and mentorship by a leading industry expert.
Glappa of Bernicia
Glappa of Bernicia ruled from 559 to 560. He is the second known king of Bernicia.

Little is known of Glappa's life and reign.  The earliest authorities differ widely on the order and the regnal years of the kings between the death of Ida (559) and the beginning of Æthelfrith's rule (592/593).  Glappa is not named among the sons given his predecessor, Ida, but appears in regnal lists as Ida's successor, reigning one year.

John Foxe's 16th century book, Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Days, Touching Matters of the Church (popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs), mentions Glappa or Claspa as a king of Bernicia.

Ida of Bernicia
Ida (/ˈaɪdə/; died c. 559) is the first known king of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia, which he ruled from around 547 until his death in 559. Little is known of his life or reign, but he was regarded as the founder of a line from which later Angle kings in this part of central Great Britain claimed descent. His descendants overcame Brittonic resistance and ultimately founded the powerful kingdom of Northumbria.
Chhaya Kadam
Chhaya Kadam is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Marathi and Hindi films. She has appeared in Nagraj Manjule films, Fandry (2013), Sairat (2016), and Jhund (2022), as well as in other Marathi films including Redu (2018) and Nude (2018). The last of these earned her the Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. Kadam gained wider recognition in 2024 for her roles in the comedy-dramas Laapataa Ladies and Madgaon Express and the independent drama All We Imagine as Light and Sister Midnight.

For her performance in the film Laapataa Ladies, she won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Nude (2018 film)
Nude is a 2018 Indian Marathi language film directed by Ravi Jadhav and produced by Ravi Jadhav and Zee Studio. The movie was released on 27 April 2018. The film tells the story of a model who poses nude to earn money for her son's education.
Central Lombok Regency
Central Lombok Regency is a regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten) of the Indonesian Province of West Nusa Tenggara. It is located on the island of Lombok and the capital is Praya. It covers a land area of 1,168.13 km2, and had a population of 859,309 at the 2010 census and 1,034,859 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 1,128,716 (comprising 560,768 males and 567,948 females).

The other regencies of Lombok, all of which adjoin the Central Lombok Regency, are the East Lombok Regency, the West Lombok Regency and the North Lombok Regency. The region was first incorporated in accordance with Law Number 69 of the Year 1958.
Tatas Tuhu Trasna, is the motto of the Central Lombok Regency.

Praya, Lombok
Praya (Indonesian: Praya or Kecamatan Praya) is the capital town of Central Lombok Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Lombok Tengah) on Lombok Island in the province of West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.  It has an area of 61.26 square kilometres (23.65 sq mi) and a population of 125,890 people at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 132,684. It is a predominantly Muslim town, with minorities of Balinese inhabitants following Hinduism and Chinese inhabitants following Buddhism or Christianity.
Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer
Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer (transl. Therefore, Go Ahead and Love) is a 2013 Indian Tamil language romantic drama film directed by Suseenthiran. It features debutant Santhosh Ramesh (Singanamala Ramesh Babu's second son) and Manisha Yadav of Vazhakku Enn 18/9 fame in the lead roles. It is produced by Nallu Studios and music by Yuvan Shankar Raja. Cinematography is by Soorya A. R., editing by Antony, stunts by Anal Arasu, lyrics by Vaali and Yugabharathi. The film released with highly positive reviews. The film was remade in Kannada as Naduve Antaravirali (2018).

Naduve Antaravirali
Naduve Antaravirali (Kannada: ನಡುವೆ ಅಂತರವಿರಲಿ) is a 2018 Kannada romantic drama film written and directed by Raveen Kumaara, produced by Raveen Kumaara and G. K. Nagaraja. It co-stars Prakhyath Paramesh alongside  Aishani Shetty in the lead roles. Achyuth Kumar, Chikkanna, Tulasi Shivamani, Aruna Balraj and Srinivas Prabhu feature in supporting roles. This is the remake of the Tamil film Aadhalal Kadhal Seiveer (2013).