hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annales maximi
The Annales maximi were annals kept by the pontifex maximus during the Roman Republic. The chief priest of the Capitoline would record key public events and the names of each of the magistrates. He would keep a detailed record and publish an abbreviated version on a white board (tabula dealbata) outside the Regia or the Domus Publica.

Cicero refers to the practice explicitly, and Cato condemned the apparent triviality and superstition of it (as well as the fact that it kept track of bad news, such as famines). The earliest records were accounts of mythological events, which gave credence to Cato's rejection.  However, early Roman historians used the Annales maximi extensively, and legitimate records went, according to Cicero, to 400 BC.  By the time of the Gracchi (~130 BC), when the annal ceased, it filled eighty books. The collection was published by pontifex maximus Publius Mucius Scaevola.

Album (Ancient Rome)
An album (Latin: albus, lit. 'white'), in ancient Rome, was a board plastered with chalk or gypsum, or painted white (tabula dealbata), on which decrees, edicts and other ephemeral public notices were inscribed in ink using a calamus (reed pen). Album was an early predecessor of bulletin boards. In medieval and modern times the meaning of the word album had changed to refer to a book of blank pages in which verses, autographs, sketches, photographs and the like are collected. An ancient Greek equivalent was called leukomata (Ancient Greek: λεύκωμα pl. λευκώματα).
Baggage carousel
A baggage carousel is a device, generally at an airport, that delivers checked luggage to the passengers at the baggage reclaim area at their final destination. Airports without carousels generally deliver baggage by placing it on the floor or sliding it through an opening in a wall.

Baggage reclaim
In airport terminals, a baggage reclaim area is an area where arriving passengers claim checked-in baggage after disembarking from an airline flight. The alternative term baggage claim is used at airports in the US and some other airports internationally. Similar systems are also used at train stations served by companies that offer checked bags, such as Amtrak in the United States.
Lee Chih-kai
Lee Chih-kai(simplified Chinese: 李智凯; traditional Chinese: 李智凱; Hanyu Pinyin: Lǐ Zhìkǎi; Tongyong Pinyin: Lǐ Jhìhkǎi; Wade–Giles: Li3 Chih4k'ai3; born 3 April 1996) is a Taiwanese artistic gymnast. He is the 2020 Olympic silver medalist in the pommel horse, and he was the first gymnast representing Chinese Taipei to win an Olympic medal. He is the 2019 World silver medalist and the 2018 World bronze medalist on the pommel horse. He is the 2018 Asian Games pommel horse champion and the 2019 Asian all-around champion. He is a three-time (2017, 2019 and 2021) Summer Universiade pommel horse champion.

Shiao Yu-jan
Shiao Yu-jan (simplified Chinese: 萧佑然; traditional Chinese: 蕭佑然; pinyin: Xiāo Yòurán; born 9 December 1999) is a Taiwanese artistic gymnast. He won team bronze medals at the 2022 Asian Games and at the 2019 Asian Championships. He is the 2021 World University Games pommel horse bronze medalist, and he represented Chinese Taipei at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
The Cab
The Cab is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada. The band consists of lead vocalist Alexander DeLeon, keyboardist Alex T. Marshall and bassist Joey Thunder. Their debut studio album, Whisper War, was released on April 29, 2008. They have been called "The Band You Need to Know 2008" by Alternative Press magazine. They were also featured in the "100 Bands You Need to Know in 2010" by the magazine and were one of the three bands featured on the cover page, along with Never Shout Never and Hey Monday.

Their second studio album, Symphony Soldier, was released on August 23, 2011, with its first single, "Bad," released to iTunes on July 11, 2011. The Cab funded the entire album by themselves and left their Fueled by Ramen/Decaydance label, self-releasing Symphony Soldier. The band's latest work, an EP titled Lock Me Up, was released on April 29, 2014.

Fueled by Ramen
Fueled by Ramen, LLC (Fueled by Ramen, Inc. until 2005) is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Atlantic Music Group. The label, founded in Gainesville, Florida, in 1996, is now based in New York City.
John Shaw Sr.
John Shaw Sr. FRS FSA (1776–1832) was an English architect. He was architect to Christ's Hospital in London, and to the Port of Ramsgate. Many of his works, including the church of St Dunstan-in-the-West in Fleet Street, London, were in a Gothic Revival style.

John Shaw Jr.
John Shaw Jr. (1803–1870) was an English architect of the 19th century who was complimented as a designer in the "Manner of Wren".  He designed buildings in the classical Jacobean fashion and designed some of London's first semi-detached homes in the area close to Chalk Farm. Shaw retired in the early 1860s and moved to Kensington where he died in 1870. He is buried with the Shaw and Hardwick families at Kensal Green Cemetery.
Heinrich Schwabe
Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (25 October 1789 – 11 April 1875) was a German amateur astronomer remembered for his work on sunspots. He observed sunspots and made drawings of them from 1825 to 1867 and suggested in 1838 that there may be a ten-year cycle of sunspot activity. He also took an interest in botany and was a founding member of a natural history society in Dessau.

Dessau
Dessau is a district of the independent city of Dessau-Roßlau in Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Until 1 July 2007, it was an independent city. The population of Dessau is 67,747 (Dec. 2020).
Non-Fiction (Ne-Yo album)
Non-Fiction is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Ne-Yo. The album was released on January 27, 2015, by Motown Records, serving as the follow-up to his fifth album R.E.D. (2012). The album was preceded by two singles: "Money Can't Buy" featuring Jeezy and "She Knows" featuring Juicy J.

Upon its release, the album was met with mixed reviews from music critics. The album reached number five on the US Billboard 200, selling 59,000 copies in its first week, making it the third album to miss the pinnacle of the chart since Libra Scale (2010) and also becoming the second male R&B artist to have six consecutive top 10 albums following Chris Brown in 2014.

She Knows (Ne-Yo song)
"She Knows" is a song by American singer Ne-Yo, taken from his sixth studio album, Non-Fiction (2015). It features a guest verse by American rapper Juicy J. The song was released on September 16, 2014 by Compound Entertainment and Motown Records, and serves as the lead single from the album following the release of an R&B-tinged first single, "Money Can't Buy". The song was produced by Dr. Luke and Cirkut, with vocal production by Jesse "Corparal" Wilson.
Alex Borg (politician)
Alexander Borg MP (born 10 July 1995) is a Maltese lawyer, politician and model who has served as leader of the Nationalist Party since September 2025. Borg was elected as a Member of Parliament in 2022. In April 2022, he was appointed shadow minister for Gozo.

Nationalist Party (Malta)
The Nationalist Party (Maltese: Partit Nazzjonalista, PN) is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Malta, along with the Labour Party.

It is a Christian democratic, and conservative political party, and it has been described as centre-right on the political spectrum. It is supportive of Malta's membership in the European Union. It is currently in opposition to the Labour Party. Since independence in 1964, the Nationalist Party has won six out of the thirteen general elections, in 1966, 1987, 1992, 1998, 2003 and 2008. In 2008 it won with a paper-thin majority of around 1500 votes.
3rd North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
The 3rd North Midland Brigade, Royal Field Artillery was a volunteer unit of the British Territorial Force formed in 1908. It served in some of the bloodiest battles on the Western Front during World War I

46th (North Midland) Division
The 46th (North Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, part of the Territorial Force, that saw service in the First World War. At the outbreak of the war in 1914, the 46th Division was commanded by Major-General Hon. Hon. E. J. Montagu-Stuart-Wortley. Originally called the North Midland Division, it was redesignated as the 46th Division in May 1915.
John Robins (comedian)
John Michael David Robins (born 4 May 1982) is an English stand-up comedian and radio presenter. He is known for co-hosting his radio show and podcast with Elis James on BBC Radio 5 Live, and in 2017 he was the joint-winner of the Edinburgh Comedy Award.

Sara Pascoe
Sara Patricia Pascoe (born 22 May 1981) is an English comedian, actress, presenter and writer. She has appeared on television programmes including 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown and Taskmaster for Channel 4 and QI for BBC Two.
The Shadow Riders
The Shadow Riders is a 1982 American Western television film directed by Andrew V. McLaglen and starring Tom Selleck, Sam Elliott, Dominique Dunne, and Katharine Ross. Based on the 1982 novel of the same name by Louis L'Amour, the film is about two brothers who meet up after fighting on opposite sides of the Civil War, and return home, only to find their siblings kidnapped by ruthless raiders. Together, they set out on an adventure to rescue their family. The film reunites actors Selleck, Elliot, and Jeff Osterhage, who also starred in the 1979 film The Sacketts. The Shadow Riders first aired in the United States on Tuesday, September 28, 1982.

Jeff Osterhage
Jeffrey Osterhage (born March 12, 1953) is an American film and television actor from Columbus, Indiana.  He graduated from North Farmington High School, Farmington Hills, Michigan, and Western Michigan University with a BBA Degree (1976).
Berry Brothers
The Berry Brothers were an American "exotic, acrobatic soft shoe dance" trio, active in the entertainment business for over 30 years. The trio was composed of Ananias (Nyas, "King of the Strut"), James and Warren Berry.

James Berry (entertainer)
James Gerald Berry (July 9, 1915 – January 28, 1969), also known as Bubbles, was an American actor and dancer. He featured in several silent films as a child, and starred in the Berry Brothers dance duo (later a trio) alongside his brothers.

As a child, Berry and his older brother Ananias (Nyas) began performing dance routines together. The family moved to Hollywood, Los Angeles, and Berry began acting in silent comedy films with the Century Film Corporation. He formed the Berry Brothers dance duo with Nyas in the 1920s, and they were later joined by their younger brother Warren. The brothers starred in several Broadway shows together, and featured in films through the 1930s and 1940s.
Carlton, County Durham
Carlton is a village and civil parish within the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 726. It is situated a few miles (several km) to the north-west of Stockton-on-Tees, a short distance from the village of Redmarshall.

Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in County Durham, England, with a population of 84,815 at the 2021 UK census. It gives its name to and is the largest settlement in the wider Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. It is part of Teesside and the Tees Valley, on the northern bank of the River Tees.

The River Tees was straightened in the early 19th century, so that larger ships could access the town. The ports have since relocated closer to the North Sea, and ships are no longer able to sail from the sea to the town. This is due to the building of the Tees Barrage, which was installed to manage tidal flooding. The Stockton and Darlington Railway served the port during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. The railway was also the world's first permanent steam-powered passenger railway.
Guaranty Trust Bank (Kenya)
Guaranty Trust Bank (Kenya) Ltd, commonly referred to as GTBank Kenya, is a commercial bank in Kenya and a subsidiary of the Nigerian Guaranty Trust Bank Plc. It is licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya, the central bank and national banking regulator.

The bank provides banking services with focus on Corporate Banking, SME Banking, Personal Banking, Private Banking and Treasury Services.

As of December 2022, the bank's total assets were KES 54.23 billion and profitability was KES 753.29 million.

Fina Bank Group
Fina Bank Group, was a financial services organization in East Africa located in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda.  It was acquired by Guaranty Trust Bank in 2013 and renamed soon after.

Before its takeover, Fina Bank Group was a medium-sized financial services provider in East Africa, focusing on meeting the banking needs of SME businesses.

As of September 2010, the total group assets were estimated at US$241 million, with shareholders' equity valued at approximately US$23.8 million. At that time, the Group operated 25 bank branches in the region (13 in Kenya, 6 in Rwanda and 6 in Uganda). In July 2013, the Group's total assets were valued at US$338, with shareholders' equity in excess of US$140 million. At that time, the Group operated 38 bank branches across East Africa; 17 in Rwanda, 14 in Kenya and 7 in Uganda.
Christine of France
Christine of France (Christine Marie; 10 February 1606 – 27 December 1663) was Duchess of Savoy from 26 July 1630 to 7 October 1637 as the consort of Duke Victor Amadeus I. She was the daughter of Henry IV of France and sister of Louis XIII. Following her husband's death in 1637, she acted as regent of Savoy between 1637 and 1648.

Fils de France
Fils de France (French pronunciation: [fis də fʁɑ̃s], Son of France) was the style and rank held by the sons of the kings and dauphins of France. A daughter was known as a fille de France (French pronunciation: [fij də fʁɑ̃s], Daughter of France).

The children of the dauphin (a title reserved for the king's heir apparent, whether son, grandson or great-grandson of the monarch) were accorded the same style and status as if they were the king's children instead of his grandchildren or great-grandchildren.
Alberese railway station
Alberese railway station is a disused Italian railway station on the Tirrenica railway line, located south to the village of Alberese, at the border between the municipalities of Grosseto and Magliano in Toscana, Province of Grosseto, Tuscany.

Alberese
Alberese (Italian: [albeˈreːze]) is an Italian rural town in southern Tuscany, a frazione of the comune of Grosseto. It is situated 20 km south-east of the capital, in the heart of the Maremma Regional Park. This area includes the surrounding rural territories which begin with the first foot-hills of the hinterland and end with the sea, crossing the northern peaks of the Uccellina Mountains.
Kanowna Belle Gold Mine
The Kanowna Belle Gold Mine is a gold mine 19 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, near the ghost town of Kanowna.

Kanowna Belle is operated by Northern Star Resources. It has one viewing platform and an interpretive centre.

South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine
The South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine is a gold mine located south-west of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. The mine is sometimes also referred to as "South Kal Mines - New Celebration", being a merger of the former New Celebration Gold Mine and the Jubilee Gold Mine, which were combined in 2002.

The mine is operated by Northern Star Resources, who purchased it from Westgold in 2018 for A$80 million.

The mine is located on freehold land allocated for pastoral use by the Government of Western Australia in the late 1800s and is therefore not subject to state royalties, and exempt from certain planning and mining requirements.
Tāmaki Makaurau (electorate)
Tāmaki Makaurau (pronunciationⓘ) is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate covers central and southern Auckland, and southern parts of western Auckland. It was first formed for the 2002 election. Tāmaki Makaurau is a Māori-language name for Auckland.

The electorate was first held by the Labour Party's John Tamihere, for one term. It was held by Pita Sharples of the Māori Party for three terms from 2005 until his retirement in 2014. Peeni Henare of the Labour Party was elected in 2014 and served until his defeat in the 2023 election by Takutai Tarsh Kemp of Te Pāti Māori. Kemp died on 26 June 2025, and Oriini Kaipara was elected as the MP in a by-election held on 6 September 2025.

Peeni Henare
Peeni Ereatara Gladwyn Henare ([ˈpɛːni ˈhɛnaˌɾɛ]) is a New Zealand Labour Party politician who has been a member of the New Zealand parliament since the 2014 general election. Henare held the Tāmaki Makaurau Māori electorate since 2014 before being defeated by Te Pāti Māori's Takutai Tarsh Kemp in the 2023 general election.

On 3 February 2026, Henare announced he would be quitting politics, having not put himself forward to be nominated as the Labour Party candidate for his former Tāmaki Makaurau seat and would also not seek a place on the Labour Party list in the 2026 general election.
Adam's Rib
Adam's Rib is a 1949 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by George Cukor from a screenplay written by Ruth Gordon and Garson Kanin. It stars Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn as married lawyers who come to oppose each other in court. Judy Holliday co-stars as the third lead in her second credited movie role.  Also featured are Tom Ewell, David Wayne, and Jean Hagen. The music was composed by Miklós Rózsa, and the song "Farewell, Amanda" was written by Cole Porter.

The film was well received upon its release and is considered a classic romantic comedy. It ranked at No. 22 on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. In 1992, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

Garson Kanin
Garson Kanin (November 24, 1912 – March 13, 1999) was an American writer, director, actor and musician. He wrote and directed a number of plays and films and was nominated for three Academy Awards and three Tony Awards for his work.
Jeff Hammond (NASCAR)
Jeffrey L. Hammond (born September 9, 1956) is an American NASCAR personality and crew chief. Currently, he is a commentator for NASCAR's coverage on Fox Sports. He is also referred to as Hollywood Hammond by his Fox colleague Darrell Waltrip. He is an alumnus of East Carolina University.

In addition to his work at Fox, Hammond also serves as the general manager and crew chief in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series for Freedom Racing Enterprises. He formerly was a co-owner (along with business executive Tom DeLoach) of Red Horse Racing, a Truck Series racing team which operated from 2005 to 2017.

Freedom Racing Enterprises
Freedom Racing Enterprises (FRE) is an American stock car racing team that competes in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series. The team was founded in 2024 by Chris Miller and Spencer Boyd, and they field the No. 76 Chevrolet Silverado RST full-time for Boyd and the No. 67 Chevrolet Silverado RST part-time for multiple drivers.
Felix Trinidad Sr.
Felix Trinidad Sr. is a Puerto Rican former professional boxer and prominent boxing trainer. Mostly remembered for training his son, International Boxing Hall of Fame member Félix Trinidad, Felix Trinidad Sr. nevertheless was a Featherweight boxer during the middle and late 1970s and the early 1980s, who fought the likes of Salvador Sanchez and Enrique Solis.

Enrique Solis
Jose Enrique "Quique" Solis De Jesus is a former boxer from Puerto Rico, who in 1978 challenged Eusebio Pedroza of Panama for Pedroza's WBA's recognized world Featherweight championship. Solis is a member of a prolific Puerto Rican boxing family, his brothers being former WBA and Ring Magazine world Bantamweight champion Julian Solís, former WBC world Junior Lightweight title challenger Rafael Solis and Santos Solis, who once fought Wilfred Benítez as a professional and went ten rounds with him. He is from Caimito, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Matilda of Germany, Duchess of Swabia
Matilda of Swabia (c. 1048 – 12 May 1060), a member of the Salian dynasty, was the daughter of Emperor Henry III from his second marriage with Agnes of Poitou. By her marriage to Rudolf of Rheinfelden, she was Duchess of Swabia from 1059-1060, before her early death.

Agnes of Poitou
Agnes of Poitou (c. 1025 – 14 December 1077) was the queen of Germany from 1043 and empress of the Holy Roman Empire from 1046 until 1056 as the wife of Emperor Henry III. From 1056 to 1061, she ruled the Holy Roman Empire as regent during the minority of their son Henry IV.

After the death of her husband, she proved an inexperienced regent unable to effectively assert her power and secure loyal allies. In Germany, she is still remembered as a sympathetic historical figure, even if a flawed politician.
French brig Renard (1810)
Renard was an Abeille-class 16-gun brig of the French Navy, launched in 1810 in Genoa. She is known for her battle against the brig HMS Swallow, one of the early feats of then-Lieutenant Charles Baudin.

Abeille-class brig
The Abeille class was a type of 16-gun brig-corvette of the French Navy, designed by François Pestel with some units refined by Pierre-Jacques-Nicolas Rolland. They were armed with either 24-pounder carronades, or a mixture of light 6-pounder long guns and lighter carronades. Twenty-one ships of this type were built between 1801 and 1812, and served in the Napoleonic Wars.

The four first ships were ordered in bulk on 24 December 1800, but two (Mouche and Serin) could not be completed due to shortages of timbers.
As the forerunner of the series, Abeille, is not always identified as such in British sources, the type is sometimes referred to as the Sylphe class, after Sylphe, which served as model for subsequent constructions.
Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled—elements with only two parallel surfaces are windows, not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides. Not all optical prisms are geometric prisms, and not all geometric prisms would count as an optical prism. Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent to the wavelengths for which they are designed. Typical materials include glass, acrylic and fluorite.

A dispersive prism can be used to break white light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) to form a spectrum as described in the following section.  Other types of prisms noted below can be used to reflect light, or to split light into components with different polarizations.

Pentaprism
A pentaprism is a five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90°, even if the entry beam is not at 90° to the prism.
The beam reflects inside the prism twice, allowing the transmission of an image through a right angle without inverting it (that is, without changing the image's handedness) as an ordinary right-angle prism or mirror would.

The reflections inside the prism are not caused by total internal reflection, since the beams are incident at an angle less than the critical angle (the minimum angle for total internal reflection). Instead, the two faces are coated to provide mirror surfaces. The two opposite transmitting faces are often coated with an antireflection coating to reduce spurious reflections. The fifth face of the prism is not used optically but truncates what would otherwise be an awkward angle joining the two mirrored faces.