hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Antonio Salandra
Antonio Salandra (Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo saˈlandra]; 13 August 1853 – 9 December 1931) was a conservative Italian politician, journalist, and writer who served as the 21st prime minister of Italy between 1914 and 1916. He ensured the entry of Italy in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente (the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire) to fulfil Italy's irredentist claims.

Sidney Sonnino
Sidney Costantino, Baron Sonnino (Italian: [ˈsidn(e)i sonˈniːno]; 11 March 1847 – 24 November 1922) was an Italian statesman, 19th prime minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910. He also was the Italian minister of Foreign Affairs during the First World War, representing Italy at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
Negative-feedback amplifier
A negative-feedback amplifier (or feedback amplifier) is an electronic amplifier that subtracts a fraction of its output from its input, so that negative feedback opposes the original signal.  The applied negative feedback can improve its performance (gain stability, linearity, frequency response, step response) and reduces sensitivity to parameter variations due to manufacturing or environment. Because of these advantages, many amplifiers and control systems use negative feedback.

An idealized negative-feedback amplifier as shown in the diagram is a system of three elements (see Figure 1):

an amplifier with gain AOL,

a feedback network β, which senses the output signal and possibly transforms it in some way (for example by attenuating or filtering it),

a summing circuit that acts as a subtractor (the circle in the figure), which combines the input and the transformed output.

Buffer amplifier
In electronics, a buffer amplifier is a unity gain amplifier that copies a signal from one circuit to another while transforming its electrical impedance to provide a more ideal source (with a lower output impedance for a voltage buffer or a higher output impedance for a current buffer). This "buffers" the signal source in the first circuit against being affected by currents from the electrical load of the second circuit and may simply be called a buffer or follower when context is clear.
Commerce, Texas
Commerce is a city in Hunt County, Texas, United States, situated on the eastern edge of North Texas and the western edge of East Texas, in the heart of the Texas Blackland Prairies. The town is 45 miles (72 km) south of the Texas/Oklahoma border. Commerce is the second-largest city in Hunt County, with a population of 9,090 at the 2020 census. The city is home to East Texas A&M University, a four-year university of more than 12,000 students that has been in the town since 1894. Commerce is one of the smallest college towns in Texas.

Hunt County, Texas
Hunt County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 99,956. Its county seat is Greenville. The county is named for Memucan Hunt, Jr., the first Republic of Texas minister to the United States from 1837 to 1838 and the third Texas secretary of the Navy from 1838 to 1839. Hunt County is located in Northeast Texas, at the eastern edge of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, and the western edge of East Texas.
Mark Curtis (British author)
Mark Curtis is a British author, historian and journalist who is the co-founder and editor of media organisation Declassified UK. He is also the author of several books on British foreign policy since the Second World War, including Secret Affairs: Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam, Unpeople: Britain's Secret Human Rights Abuses and Web of Deceit: Britain's Real Role in the World.

Secret Affairs: Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam
Secret Affairs: Britain's Collusion With Radical Islam is a 2010 non-fiction book written by the British historian and journalist Mark Curtis which explores the United Kingdom's relationship with radical Islamism.
Baseflow
Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of the streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. It should not be confused with groundwater flow. Fair weather flow is also called base flow.

Groundwater flow
In hydrogeology, groundwater flow is defined as the "part of streamflow that has infiltrated the ground, entered the phreatic zone, and has been (or is at a particular time) discharged into a stream channel or springs; and seepage water."  It is governed by the groundwater flow equation.
Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rocks. Where water has filled these spaces is the phreatic (also called) saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers. The rate of groundwater flow depends on the permeability (the size of the spaces in the soil or rocks and how well the spaces are connected) and the hydraulic head (water pressure).

In polar regions groundwater flow may be obstructed by permafrost.
Brian Lewis (illustrator)
Brian Moncrieff Lewis (3 June 1929 – 4 December 1978) was a British science fiction illustrator, comics artist, and animator. In the 1950s, he illustrated covers for pulp magazines like New Worlds, Science Fantasy, and Science Fiction Adventures. In the 1960s, he drew adventure comic strips for Tiger, Boys' World, Lion, Hurricane, and Eagle. He also used a more cartoony style to draw humor comic strips for Wham!, Smash, Cor!!, and Buster. In the 1970s, Lewis focused on comics adaptations of television and horror film properties.

Wham! (comics)
Wham! was a weekly British comics magazine published by Odhams Press. It ran for 187 issues from 20 June 1964 to 13 January 1968, when it merged into its sister title Pow!

Created by veteran cartoonist Leo Baxendale, Wham! was structured like a typical British comic in the mould of The Beano, but it was distinguished by "a racy and anarchic new breed" of humour that inspired later British strips. The initial success of Wham! prompted the creation of sister titles Smash! and Pow! with similar intent; these, in turn, led to the formation of Odhams' Power Comics line, featuring reprints of American Marvel Comics superhero stories. Wham! included short instalments of The Fantastic Four.
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena
Spartacus: Gods of the Arena is a television miniseries created by Steven S. DeKnight for Starz. It is a prequel to Spartacus, which premiered in 2011. The series follows the character Gannicus (Dustin Clare), the first gladiator representing Lentulus Batiatus to become Champion of Capua. Cast members and characters reprised from the original series include John Hannah as Batiatus, Lucy Lawless as Lucretia, Peter Mensah as Oenomaus, Nick E. Tarabay as Ashur, Lesley-Ann Brandt as Naevia, Antonio Te Maioha as Barca, and Manu Bennett as Crixus.

The miniseries aired in Canada on Movie Central and The Movie Network, on Sky1 in the United Kingdom and on FX in Latin America.

John Hannah (actor)
John Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish actor and narrator. He came to prominence in Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role as Matthew. His other film appearances include Sliding Doors (1998), The Hurricane (1999), and The Mummy trilogy (1999–2008).

His television roles include: Dr Iain McCallum in McCallum (1995–1998); D.I. John Rebus in Rebus (2000–2001); Jack Roper in New Street Law (2006–2007); Jake Osbourne in Cold Blood (2007–2008), Quintus Lentulus Batiatus in Spartacus (2010–2011), Jack Cloth in A Touch of Cloth (2012–2014), Jason's father (Aeson) in the BBC series Atlantis (2013–2015), Dr Holden Radcliffe in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2016–2017), Colin in Overboard (2018), and Archie Wilson in the BBC series Trust Me.
Hoffman–Singleton graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Hoffman–Singleton graph is a 7-regular undirected graph with 50 vertices and 175 edges. It is the unique strongly regular graph with parameters (50,7,0,1). It was constructed by Alan Hoffman and Robert Singleton while trying to classify all Moore graphs, and is the highest-order Moore graph known to exist. Since it is a Moore graph where each vertex has degree 7, and the girth is 5, it is a (7,5)-cage.

Strongly regular graph
In graph theory, a strongly regular graph  (SRG) is a regular graph G = (V, E) with v vertices and degree k such that for some given integers

every two adjacent vertices have λ common neighbours, and

every two non-adjacent vertices have μ common neighbours.

Such a strongly regular graph is denoted by srg(v, k, λ, μ). Its complement graph is also strongly regular: it is an srg(v, v − k − 1, v − 2 − 2k + μ, v − 2k + λ).

If a graph G is strongly regular with μ > 0, then G is distance-regular with diameter 2. Likewise, if G is strongly regular with λ = 1, then it is locally linear.
Eugene Speicher
Eugene (Edward) Speicher NA (April 5, 1883 – May 11, 1962) was an American portrait, landscape, and figurative painter. He was one of the foremost realists of his generation who closely upheld the mantle of his mentor, Robert Henri.

Robert Henri
Robert Henri (/ˈhɛnraɪ/; June 24, 1865 – July 12, 1929) was an American painter and teacher.

As a young man, he studied in Paris, where he identified strongly with the Impressionists, and determined to lead an even more dramatic revolt against American academic art, as reflected by the conservative National Academy of Design. Together with a small team of enthusiastic followers, he pioneered the Ashcan School of American realism, depicting urban life in an uncompromisingly brutalist style. By the time of the Armory Show, America's first large-scale introduction to European Modernism (1913), Henri was mindful that his own representational technique was being made to look dated by new movements such as Cubism, though he was still ready to champion avant-garde painters such as Henri Matisse and Max Weber.

In 1929 Henri was named as one of the top three living American artists by the Arts Council of New York.
Ramón Rivas
Juan Ramón Rivas Contreras (born March 16, 1966) is a Puerto Rican former professional basketball player, and sports color commentator. Rivas was the third player from Puerto Rico to play in the NBA (after Butch Lee and José Ortiz), and half of the first duo of Puerto Ricans to be active in the NBA simultaneously (with Ortiz). Rivas has played in the NBA, NCAA Division I, and in the Puerto Rican National Superior League (BSN), with the Carolina Giants.

Rivas also played internationally, in Spain, Greece, and Italy. Rivas was also a member of the senior Puerto Rican National Basketball Team for several years.  He represented Puerto Rico at the following tournaments: the 1986 FIBA World Championship, in Málaga, Spain; the 1988 Summer Olympic Games, in Seoul, South Korea; the 1990 FIBA World Championship, in Buenos Aires, Argentina; the 1992 Summer Olympic Games, in Barcelona, Spain; and the 1996 Summer Olympics, in Atlanta, United States.

Puerto Rico men's national basketball team
The Puerto Rico national basketball team (Spanish: Selección de Baloncesto de Puerto Rico) represents Puerto Rico in men's international basketball competitions, it is governed by the Puerto Rican Basketball Federation (Spanish: Federación de Baloncesto de Puerto Rico), The team represents both FIBA and FIBA Americas. The team is colloquially known as the 12 Magníficos (lit. "The Magnificent 12").

Since joining FIBA in 1957, the Puerto Rican national team has been mostly composed by Puerto Rican-born players and players of Puerto Rican descent born in the continental United States such as Raymond Gause, Rick Apodaca, Georgie Torres, Héctor Blondet, Renaldo Balkman, Ramón Clemente, Maurice Harkless, Tyler Davis and many others.

The team's unofficial mascot is Moncho Loubriel.
Hohenschwangau Castle
Hohenschwangau Castle (German: Schloss Hohenschwangau, pronounced [ˈʃlɔs ˈhoːənʃvaːnɡaʊ]) is a 19th-century palace in southern Germany. It was built by King Maximilian II of Bavaria, and was the childhood residence of his son, King Ludwig II of Bavaria. It is located in the German village of Hohenschwangau near the town of Füssen, part of the county of Ostallgäu in southwestern Bavaria, Germany, very close to the border with Austria.

Füssen
Füssen (German pronunciation: [ˈfʏsn̩] ⓘ) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in the district of Ostallgäu, situated one kilometre from the Austrian border. The town is known for violin manufacturing and as the closest transportation hub for the Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles. As of 2024-12-31, the town has a population of 15,287.
Aircraft Systems Engineering Squadron
The Aerospace Systems Engineering Squadron (ASE SQN) was a squadron of the Royal Australian Air Force, that designed and developed non-standard modifications, special test equipment and facilities, and telemetry functions to support flight tests.

ASE SQN was located at RAAF Base Edinburgh in Adelaide, South Australia.

In 2016, the squadron was amalgamated with the Aircraft Stores Compatibility Engineering Squadron, to form the Air Warfare Engineering Squadron.

Aircraft Stores Compatibility Engineering Squadron
The Aircraft Stores Compatibility Engineering Squadron (ASCENG SQN) was the Australian Defence Force design authority for aircraft/stores compatibility and air weapons engineering.

It was located at RAAF Base Edinburgh in Adelaide, South Australia.

In 2016, the squadron was amalgamated with the Aircraft Systems Engineering Squadron, to form the Air Warfare Engineering Squadron.
Frank Pritchard (Australian rules footballer)
Francis James Pritchard (6 June 1899 – 16 December 1983) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

The son of William Wilson Pritchard (1864–1942) and Emily Pritchard, nee Robbins (1867–1935), Francis James Pritchard was born at Tatura on 6 June 1899.

He was the father of Geelong player Bill Pritchard.

Bill Pritchard (footballer)
William John Pritchard (29 January 1927 – 2 November 2011) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Geelong in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

The son of Carlton footballer Francis James Pritchard (1899–1983) and Elizabeth Marion Frances Pritchard, nee Forsyth (1902–1969), William John Pritchard was born at Tatura on 29 January 1927.

Pritchard won the 1947 Goulburn Valley Football League best and fairest award, the Morrison Medal.
Danny Tiatto
Daniele Amadeo Tiatto (born 22 May 1973) is an Australian former soccer player who played as a winger and left back.

He notably played for Manchester City joining the club in 1998 whilst the club were playing in the third level of English football, he was promoted three times with City in his six years with the club and would go on to play in the Premier League for them. He also played in England for Leicester City and Stoke City, and took in spells in Europe with Salernitana and FC Baden. In his native country he has played for Bulleen Lions, Melbourne Knights, Brisbane Roar, St Albans Saints, Werribee City and Point Cook. He was capped 23 times by Australia scoring a single goal.

Melbourne Knights FC
Melbourne Knights Football Club is an Australian professional soccer club based in the suburb of Sunshine North, Melbourne. The club currently competes in the Victorian Premier League 1, the second-tier of the Victorian soccer league system. It is one of the most successful soccer clubs in Australia, being a two-time championship and four-time premiership winner in the now defunct National Soccer League (NSL).

The club is based in the western suburbs of Melbourne and draws much of its support from the Croatian Australian community. The club's identification with its Croatian roots remains strong. It is a regular participant in the Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament.

The Melbourne Knights play matches at Knights Stadium, a 15,000 capacity venue (with approximately 4,000 seated) which the club has owned and operated since 1989. As well as fielding men's and women's sides, the Knight's field junior teams of all year levels.
Claude Jutra
Claude Jutra (French pronunciation: [klod ʒytʁa]; March 11, 1930 – November 5, 1986) was a Canadian actor, film director, and screenwriter.

The Prix Jutra, and the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Claude Jutra Award, were named in his honour because of his importance in Quebec cinema history. The awards were renamed in 2016, as were streets named for him, following the publication of allegations that he had sexually abused children during his lifetime.

Michel Brault
Michel Brault, OQ (25 June 1928 – 21 September 2013) was a Canadian cinematographer, cameraman, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He was a leading figure of Direct Cinema, characteristic of the French branch of the National Film Board of Canada in the 1960s. Brault was a pioneer of the hand-held camera aesthetic.
Sweyhat
Tell es-Sweyhat is the name of a large archaeological site on the Euphrates River in northern Syria. It is located in Raqqa Governorate roughly 95 km northeast of Aleppo and 60 km south of Carchemish. Also, a Uruk site of Jebel Aruda and a Bronze Age site Tell Hadidi (Azu) are located just across the river.

Tell Hadidi
Tell Hadidi (ancient Azu) is an ancient Near East archaeological site in Syria about 30 kilometers north of Emar and 5 kilometers north of Ekalte.

It lies on the west bank of the Euphrates River on the opposite bank from Tell es-Sweyhat. It is thought to be a paired city with Tell es-Sweyhat controlling a Euphrates river crossing. There are prominent hollow ways between the site and Tell es-Sweyhat, Tell Othman, and Tell Jouweif. The site was occupied from the Early Bronze Age period to the Late Bronze Age and again to a lesser extent in Roman times. It was one of several rescue excavations sparked by the construction of the Tabqa Dam and the resulting Lake Assad. The town's primary god was Dagan.
Yarloop, Western Australia
Yarloop  is a town in the South West of Western Australia along the South Western Highway, between Waroona and Harvey. At the 2021 census, Yarloop had a population of 541. On 7 January 2016 a bushfire destroyed most of the town.

Yarloop Workshops
The Yarloop Workshops was a railway and timber mill machinery workshop, situated in the town of Yarloop, Western Australia.

The workshops operated from 1901 to 1978. Originally built by Charles and Edwin Millar on the site of the first timber mill in the area, the operations expanded to become the support facility for Millars Karri and Jarrah Forests Limited's 26 timber mills and the rail network that connected them. The workshops hand-crafted most of the parts necessary to maintain the equipment rather than experience delays in obtaining parts from the United Kingdom. After suffering extensive damage from Cyclone Alby in 1978, Millars moved their operation to a site just outside the town on the South Western Highway. The site then changed ownership several times until it was bought by Bunnings in 1983.
Vanessa Parise
Vanessa Parise is an American film director, writer, producer, and actress based in New York City. Her first feature film Kiss the Bride won the Golden Starfish Award at the Hamptons Film Festival in 2002.  Her television movies, Perfect High and Drink Slay Love have been named by the Lifetime’s Broad Focus initiative. Parise has been nominated for Leo Awards for Best Direction for Lighthouse in 2015, for Perfect High in 2016, for Beyond in 2018, and for The Simone Biles Story in 2019. Her television movie The Simone Biles Story was nominated for Best Television Movie and Best Lead Actress by the NAACP Awards in 2019.

Kiss the Bride (2002 film)
Kiss the Bride is a 2002 American romantic comedy drama film about an Italian family, directed by Vanessa Parise. The film takes place in Parise's hometown of Westerly, Rhode Island. The film premiered at the Hamptons International Film Festival, where it won the Golden Starfish Award. It was released on DVD by MGM Home Entertainment.
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020
The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020 (SI 2020/350), informally known as "the Lockdown Regulations", was a statutory instrument (SI) enacted on 26 March 2020 by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Matt Hancock, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It became the principal delegated English legislation restricting freedom of movement, gatherings, and business closures during the COVID-19 emergency period until its revocation by the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020 on 4 July 2020.

SI 2020/350 gave legal force to some of the 'lockdown' rules that had been announced by the Prime Minister Boris Johnson during a televised address on 23 March 2020. The SI related to England only; there were separate regulations for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984
The Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984 (c. 22) is a piece of legislation for England and Wales which requires physicians to notify the 'proper officer' of the local authority of any person deemed to be suffering from a notifiable disease. It also provides powers to isolate infected individuals to prevent the spread of such a disease. The act forms the basis of various legislation connected to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.

Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent bishop is Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. For centuries, its bishop has been the dean of the College of Cardinals. Its cathedral is Santa Aurea.

From 1105 to 1914, the diocese was merged with the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri. In 1962, the Diocese of Ostia was brought under the direct administration of the Diocese of Rome. Its territory is restricted to the single cathedral parish of Santa Aurea.
Lometa Odom
Lometa Ruth Odom (November 29, 1933 – January 27, 2017) was an American women's basketball player and coach. Odom played for Wayland Baptist from 1953 to 1956 during which the team began a streak of 131 consecutive victories (the longest streak in college and professional sports team history).  Odom was a member of the U.S. women's national team which won the gold medal in basketball at the 1955 Pan American Games. In 2011 she was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.

Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
The Women's Basketball Hall of Fame honors those who have contributed to the sport of women's basketball.  The Hall of Fame opened in 1999 in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.  It is the only facility of its kind dedicated to all levels of women's basketball.  Knoxville is known for having a large women's basketball following as well as being the home of the University of Tennessee's Lady Vols basketball team previously coached by women's coach Pat Summitt, who was part of the first class inducted.  With the 2017 Induction, the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame celebrated its 19th anniversary and added six new members to its hall, honoring 157 inductees.

Inductees may be nominated in the following categories: Coach, Veteran Coach, Player, International Player, Veteran Player, Contributor,  and Official.