hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Zero-based budgeting
Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting method that requires all expenses to be justified and approved in each new budget period. It was developed by Peter Pyhrr in the 1970s. This budgeting method analyzes an organization's needs and costs by starting from a "zero base" (meaning no funding allocation) at the beginning of every period. The intended outcome is to assess the efficient use of resources by determining if services can be provided at a lower cost. However, the saving comes at the expense of a complete restructuring every budget cycle. Although used at least partially in both government and the private sector, there is some doubt whether ZBB has ever been utilized to its fullest extent in any organization.

Peter Pyhrr
Peter Pyhrr (born c.1942) is an American business writer. He was a manager at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, who developed the idea of zero-based budgeting (ZBB). He used ZBB successfully at Texas Instruments in the 1960s and authored an influential 1970 article in Harvard Business Review. In 1973, President Jimmy Carter, while governor of Georgia, contracted with Pyhrr to implement a ZBB system for the State of Georgia executive budget process.

Called 'the father of Zero-Based Budgeting', he reportedly "sent an article about the technique to Harvard Business Review and was surprised when they ran it — and even more surprised when he got a call from a staffer for Jimmy Carter, then Democratic governor of Georgia."

Pyhrr was age 27 when he developed ZBB at TI.
Mega Man: Upon a Star
Mega Man: Upon a Star, known in Japan as Rockman: Hoshi ni Negai o (ロックマン 星に願いを; lit. "Rockman: Wishing Upon a Star"), is a Japanese anime original video animation (OVA) series based on the Capcom video game franchise Mega Man. Produced by Universal Multimedia Entertainment, Capcom, and Ashi Productions, who also worked on the 1994 American Mega Man cartoon, and presented by the Japan Center for Intercultural Communications, it serves as a series of educational shorts about the culture of Japan. Produced around 1993 to 1994, the OVA was not released to home media until a Japanese DVD release by Capcom on September 20, 2002. This was followed by a North American release by ADV Films on January 4, 2005, which switched the order of episodes 1 and 2 from the Japanese release. It loosely adapts the events of Mega Man 5 (1992), along with original story elements.

Mega Man (1994 TV series)
Mega Man, known in Japan as Rockman USA (ロックマンUSA) is a science fiction superhero animated television series co-produced by Ruby-Spears Productions and Ashi Productions, and based on the video game series of the same name by Capcom. It aired from September 11, 1994 to January 19, 1996, with two seasons and twenty-seven episodes. A spin-off based on Mega Man X was planned, but did not go through.

The rights to the series are currently owned by Shochiku.
Honorina
Saint Honorina (French: Sainte Honorine) was a 3rd-century virgin martyr of Gallo-Roman northern France, venerated as a saint in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Believed to have been killed in the first years of the 4th century during the persecutions of Diocletian, very little is known of her life, apart from her reputed martyrdom for maintaining her Christian faith.

She is one of the earliest martyrs of Gaul, still revered in northern France, especially in Normandy and Île-de-France, where there are a number of communes, chapels and churches named for her. The commune of Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, where her relics are kept in the parish church of Saint Maclou, claims her as their patron saint. She is also the patron saint of sailors and boatmen of inland waterways. Prisoners and captives traditionally invoke her name in praying for aid. Her feast day falls on 27 February.

Conflans-Sainte-Honorine
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine (French pronunciation: [kɔ̃flɑ̃ sɛ̃t ɔnɔʁin] ⓘ) is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, 24.2 km (15.0 mi) from the center of Paris.

The commune was originally named for its geographic position at the confluence of the Seine and Oise rivers. The village was given the addition "Sainte Honorine" in the 13th century after Saint Honorina, whose relics had been kept there since AD 876.

Partly on account of its strategic position, Conflans-Sainte-Honorine is considered the capital of the French inland waterways, and the right bank of the river Seine is still lined with barges (although these are now used mainly as houseboats). Every year in June, the town celebrates the Pardon national de la batellerie in remembrance of its former importance to inland shipping.
Candlewood Lake Club, Connecticut
Candlewood Lake Club is a private residential community and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Brookfield, Fairfield County, and in the town of New Milford, Litchfield County, in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is in the northwestern corner of Brookfield and the southwestern corner of New Milford, on the east shore of Candlewood Lake. It is bordered to the south by Candlewood Shores, to the north by Chimney Point, and to the west by the town of New Fairfield.

The community also consists of a private country club complete with a marina, a nine-hole golf course, a clubhouse, tennis facilities, and recreational fields. There is also a private beach which is accessible to community residents and their guests, including those who are not members of the country club.

Candlewood Lake Club was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.

Chimney Point, Connecticut
Chimney Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of New Milford, Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is in the southwestern corner of the town, on a peninsula of the same name on the east side of Candlewood Lake. It is bordered to the south by Candlewood Lake Club.

Chimney Point was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
Toponymy
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (names of places, also known as place names and geographical names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. Toponym is the general term for the name of any geographical feature, and the full scope of the term also includes names of all cosmographical features.

In a more specific sense, the term toponymy refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as toponymics or toponomastics. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called toponymist.

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) is one of the nine expert groups of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and deals with the national and international standardization of geographical names. Every five years it holds the UNGEGN conference. The UNGEGN also publishes international guidelines.
Connected Limited Device Configuration
The Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) is a specification of a framework for Java ME applications describing the basic set of libraries and virtual-machine features that must be present in an implementation. The CLDC is combined with one or more profiles to give developers a platform for building applications on embedded devices with very limited resources such as pagers and mobile phones. The CLDC was developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 30 (CLDC 1.0) and JSR 139 (CLDC 1.1).

Java Platform, Micro Edition
Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for embedded and mobile devices (micro-controllers, sensors, gateways, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, TV set-top boxes, printers). Java ME was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME.

The platform uses the object-oriented Java programming language, and is part of the Java software-platform family. It was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and replaced a similar technology, PersonalJava.

In 2013, with more than three billion Java ME–enabled mobile phones in the market, the platform was in continued decline as smartphones have overtaken feature phones.
Strathclyde Buses
Strathclyde Buses was a bus operator running services in Glasgow and west-central Scotland. The company commenced operations in October 1986 as an 'arms-length' successor to the Strathclyde Regional Council-owned Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive (Strathclyde PTE). In 1996, Strathclyde Buses was taken over by FirstBus, and the company trades today as First Glasgow.

Strathclyde Partnership for Transport
Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) is a regional transport partnership for the Strathclyde area of western Scotland. It is responsible for planning and coordinating regional transport, especially the public transport system in the area, including responsibility for operating the Glasgow Subway, the third-oldest in the world.
Raghunatha dasa Goswami
‘’’Raghunāthadāsa Gosvāmī’’’ was a disciple of Śrī Yadunandan Ācārya (see Vilāpa Kusumānjali, verse 4, Caitanya-Caritāmṛta Ādi chapter 12 and Antya 6) one of the apostle of the Vaishnava saint, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the principal six of whom are renowned as the Six Goswamis of Vrindavan. Together the Six Goswamis codified the philosophy and records which became the theological basis of the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. Among them, Raghunāthadāsa was renowned for his qualities of simplicity and renunciation.

Six Goswamis of Vrindavan
The Six Goswamis of Vrindavan were a group of devotional teachers (gurus) from the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism who lived in India during the 15th and 16th centuries. They are closely associated with the land of Vrindavan where they spent much time in service of their guru, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who is considered as Krishna's yuga-avatar by the Gaudiya Vaishnava lineage, who highly regard them for their extreme renunciation of physical comforts and pleasures in the practice of Bhakti Yoga, and for their philosophical presentations of his teachings.
Ovince Saint Preux
Ovince Saint Preux (born April 8, 1983) is an American professional mixed martial artist who most notably competed in the light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions of the UFC, challenging once for the interim UFC Light Heavyweight Championship. A professional competitor since 2008, Saint Preux has also formerly competed for Strikeforce, the XFC, and Shark Fights. He is known for his unorthodox fighting style and has gained notability and notoriety for having won four fights using the rare Von Flue choke submission out of eight finishes in UFC history, leading to fans renaming it to the "Von Preux choke".

Nikita Krylov
Nikita Andreyevich Krylov (born March 7, 1992) is a Ukrainian-born Russian professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2012, Krylov has also competed for M-1 Global. As of August 26, 2025, he is #13 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.
Here's Humphrey
Here's Humphrey was an Australian children's television series produced by Banksia Productions for the Nine Network, which first aired on 24 May 1965 and last went to air in 2008.

It features an anthropomorphic brown bear character (a person in a costume) known as Humphrey B. Bear, and was produced in Adelaide, South Australia. In September 2013, community station, West TV, began airing repeats of Here's Humphrey in Perth. The character still exists, owned by Ozpix Entertainment as of 2020.

Here's Humphrey became one of the most successful programs for preschoolers in Australia, was sold internationally, and is one of the longest-running children's television programs in the world. The program received multiple Logie Television Awards.

Humphrey B. Bear
Humphrey B. Bear is a fictional character first created in an Australian children's television series called Here's Humphrey, which first went to air in 1965. Its fictional character namesake is an icon of Australian children's television. Humphrey B. Bear first aired on Adelaide's NWS-9 on Monday, 24 May 1965. The show became one of the most successful programs for pre-schoolers in Australia. Edwin "Ted" Duryea (c.1930-2009), an actor, singer and dancer, first played the part of Humphrey.

The character of Humphrey is a tall, shaggy honey-loving brown bear with a large, round, shining, glossy black nose, straw boater hat, tartan waist-coat and oversized yellow bow-tie. His television show always features a companion who assists and narrates Humphrey's various adventures in the "magic forest" including his brightly coloured treehouse. In the early days, the character was known as Bear Bear, and was named Humphrey B. Bear as the result of an on-air competition.
Suberinic acid
Suberinic acids are a type of carboxylic acids naturally encountered in the bark of Betula tree species. Chemically, they predominantly have long (C18) chains with α- and ω- bifunctional saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ends. Their name originates from suberin, a major chemical biopolymer of tree bark.

Suberin
Suberin is a lipophilic, complex polyester biopolymer found in plants. It is composed of long-chain fatty acids (called suberin acids) and glycerol. Suberin is interconnected with cutin and lignin and forms a protective barrier in the epidermal and peridermal cell walls of higher plants. Suberin and lignin are considered covalently linked to lipids and carbohydrates respectively. Lignin is again covalently linked to suberin, and to a lesser extent to cutin, thus constructing a complex macromolecular matrix. Suberin is a major constituent of cork, and is named after the cork oak, Quercus suber. Its main function is as a barrier to movement of water and solutes.
Clay County, Iowa
Clay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,384. Its county seat is Spencer. Its name is in honor of Henry Clay Jr., a colonel who died in action in the Mexican–American War, and son of Henry Clay, famous American statesman from Kentucky. Clay County comprises the Spencer, IA Micropolitan Statistical Area. Clay County holds the annual Clay County Fair. The first newspaper in Clay County was the Peterson Patriot which started publication in 1880.

Spencer, Iowa
Spencer is a city in the state of Iowa, United States, and the county seat of Clay County. It is located at the confluence of the Little Sioux and Ocheyedan rivers. The population was 11,325 in the 2020 census, an increase from 11,317 in 2000. Spencer hosts the Clay County Fair, held annually in September and averaging more than 300,000 visitors.

The town's late library cat, Dewey Readmore Books, became known throughout the world before his death in 2006. He was immortalized in the book Dewey: The Small-Town Library Cat Who Touched the World by Vicki Myron, director of the library, and Bret Witter.
Siege of Ichijōdani Castle
The 1573 siege of Ichijōdani Castle (一乗谷城の戦い, Ichijōdani-jō no Tatakai) was undertaken by Oda Nobunaga, a powerful warlord (daimyō) of Japan's Sengoku period. It was one of several actions taken in a series of campaigns against the Asakura and Azai clans, which opposed his growing power.

Ichijōdani Castle, the castle home of Asakura Yoshikage, was one of several lavishly furnished castles which can be said to typify the Azuchi-Momoyama period. Excavations and research at the ruins of the castle have revealed that, much like Toyotomi Hideyoshi's castle at Fushimi, Ichijōdani was a luxury home with a library, garden, and elegantly decorated rooms.

Echizen Province
Echizen Province (越前国, Echizen no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [e.tɕiꜜ.(d)zeɴ, -(d)zen no kɯ.ɲi]) was a province of Japan in the area that is today the northern portion of Fukui Prefecture in the Hokuriku region of Japan. Echizen bordered on Kaga, Wakasa, Hida, and Ōmi Provinces. It was part of Hokurikudō Circuit. Its abbreviated form name was (Esshū; 越州).
Zaō Quasi-National Park
Zaō Quasi-National Park (蔵王国定公園, Zaō Kokutei Kōen) is a Quasi-National Park that extends in the Ōu Mountains between Miyagi and Yamagata Prefectures, Japan. Established in 1963, the central feature of the park is Mount Zaō. It is rated a protected landscape (Category V) according to the IUCN.

Like all quasi-national parks in Japan, the park is managed by the local prefectural governments, in this case, that of Yamagata and Miyagi prefectures.

Miyagi Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture (宮城県, Miyagi-ken; Japanese pronunciation: [mʲiꜜ.ja.ɡʲi, -ŋʲi, mʲi.ja.ɡʲiꜜ.keɴ, -ŋʲiꜜ-]) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Miyagi Prefecture has a population of 2,265,724 (1 August 2023) and has a geographic area of 7,282 km2 (2,812 sq mi). Miyagi Prefecture borders Iwate Prefecture to the north, Akita Prefecture to the northwest, Yamagata Prefecture to the west, and Fukushima Prefecture to the south.

Sendai is the capital and largest city of Miyagi Prefecture, and the largest city in the Tōhoku region, with other major cities including Ishinomaki, Ōsaki, and Tome. Miyagi Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast  and bounded to the west by the Ōu Mountains, the longest mountain range in Japan, with 24% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Miyagi Prefecture is home to Matsushima Islands, a group of islands ranked as one of the Three Views of Japan, near the town of Matsushima.
Akhand Nagar
Akhand Nagar is a community development block in Kadipur tehsil of Sultanpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It consists of 106 inhabited villages with a total population of 168,686 people in 25,112 households.

Akhand Nagar situated in 22 km east of Kadipur and is connected with Kadipur, Dostpur, Bilwai, Mohadi Sarai and Baramadpur. It has a police station on Kadipur Road and a petrol pump at Bilwai Road. The block office and electric power house are situated at Kadipur Road. There are two government banks – Bank of Baroda and State bank of India. One primary school for the primary education and a junior school up to 8th class.

Kadipur
Kadipur is a town, tehsil and a nagar panchayat in Sultanpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located a short distance from the bank of the Gomti River, at a crossroads between two roads heading from Sultanpur to Surapur and from Pratapgarh to Dostpur and then on to Akbarpur. On the north side of town is a stream with a steep ravine that drains the surrounding area. The road to Sultanpur crosses over this stream on a bridge. The lands surrounding Kadipur are average quality for agricultural purposes. As of 2011, Kadipur has a population of 8,010 people, in 1,216 households.

Kadipur tehsil has 4 blocks: Akhand Nagar, Dostpur, Kadipur and Karaundi Kala.
The Chairman of Kadipur is Vijay Bhan Singh.
Leopold Wharton
Leopold Wharton (September 1, 1870 – September 27, 1927) was an American film director, producer and writer.  He directed 37 films between 1911 and 1922, including the 1915 film The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford, which featured Oliver Hardy. In 1920, Wharton joined The Lambs Club.

He was the brother of Theodore Wharton, who was also a film director. He was born in Manchester, England, and died in New York City.

The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford
The New Adventures of J. Rufus Wallingford is a 1915–1916 American silent serial film produced by the Wharton Studio in Ithaca, New York, and starring Burr McIntosh and Max Figman. The serial is based on the character J. Rufus Wallingford, originating from the series of stories by George Randolph Chester.
Carnethy Hill
Carnethy Hill, the second highest of the Pentland Hills, is a hill 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Penicuik, Scotland.

It lends its name to the Carnethy 5 hill race held annually since 1971, and the Carnethy Hill Running Club. Loganlea Reservoir lies on the northwest flank of the hill.

Pentland Hills
The Pentland Hills are a range of hills southwest of Edinburgh, Scotland. The range is around 20 miles (30 kilometres) in length, covers an area of 35 square miles (91 km2), and runs southwest from Edinburgh towards Biggar and the upper Clydesdale. The hills have been designated as a Scottish regional park.
Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul AD 69)
See also Titus Flavius Sabinus (disambiguation) for other men of this name.

Titus Flavius Sabinus was a Roman senator who was active in the first century AD. He was twice consul suffectus, first in the nundinium of April through June of 69 with his brother Gnaeus Arulenus Caelius Sabinus, and again in May and June of 72 as the colleague of Gaius Licinius Mucianus.

Gavin Townend has identified Sabinus as a nephew of the emperor Vespasian, and the son of Titus Flavius Sabinus, consul in 47, a thesis that has come to be accepted by other scholars. Townend further argued that Sabinus was the father of Titus Flavius Sabinus consul in 82, and Titus Flavius Clemens consul in 95.

Titus Flavius Sabinus (consul AD 47)
Titus Flavius T. f. T. n. Sabinus (d. December 20, AD 69) was a Roman politician and soldier.  A native of Reate, he was the elder son of Titus Flavius Sabinus and Vespasia Polla, and brother of the Emperor Vespasian.
Andricus hispanicus
Andricus hispanicus is a parthenogenetic species of wasp which causes the formation of marble galls on oak trees. The galls caused by the agamous generation are similar to the closely related Andricus kollari.

Andricus kollari
Andricus kollari, also known as the marble gall wasp, is a species of wasp which causes the formation of marble galls on oak trees. Synonyms for the species include Cynips kollari, Andricus quercusgemmae, A. minor, A. indigenus and A. circulans.
William Wilkins (architect)
William Wilkins RA (31 August 1778 – 31 August 1839) was an English architect, classical scholar and archaeologist. He designed the National Gallery, Downing College, Cambridge and University College London, and buildings for several Cambridge colleges.

Downing College, Cambridge
Downing College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge and currently has around 950 students. Founded in 1800, it was the only college to be added to the university between 1596 and 1869, and is often described as the oldest of the new colleges and the newest of the old. Downing College was formed "for the encouragement of the study of Law and Medicine and of the cognate subjects of Moral and Natural Science", and has developed a reputation amongst Cambridge colleges for Law and Medicine.

In 2012, Downing was named one of the two most eco-friendly Cambridge colleges.
Real Account
Real Account (Japanese: リアルアカウント, Hepburn: Riaru Akaunto) is a Japanese manga series written by Okushō and illustrated by Shizumu Watanabe. The story follows the siblings Ataru and Yuri Kashiwagi who live together alone and in poverty since their parents died. Ataru often uses a social media platform called Real Account where he is able to find new friends online. However, a real-life social media game takes a twisted turn when Ataru, along with 10.000 other users, gets trapped in virtual reality and is forced to play deadly games against each other.

The series started publication in Kodansha's Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine in January 2014, but moved to Weekly Shōnen Magazine in December of the same year and ended in November 2019. In total, 24 volumes have been released.

Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine
Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (Japanese: 別冊少年マガジン, Hepburn: Bessatsu Shōnen Magajin) is a Japanese monthly manga magazine published by Kōdansha. The magazine was started in September 2009 as a spin-off of another Kōdansha magazine, Weekly Shōnen Magazine.