hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Duke Qing of Jin
Duke Qing of Jin (Chinese: 晉頃公; pinyin: Jìn Qǐng Gōng), personal name Ji Quji or Ji Qiji, was the ruler of the Jin state from 525 BC to 512 BC. He succeeded his father, Duke Zhao, who died in 526 BC.

In 520 BC, King Jing of Zhou died. The king's three sons – Crown Prince Gai, Prince Meng, and Prince Chao – fought each other for the Zhou throne. Jin's six major clans—Han (韓), Zhao (趙), Wei (魏), Fan (范), Zhonghang (中行), and Zhi (智)—intervened and assisted Crown Prince Gai ascend the Zhou throne.

In 514 BC, two smaller clans—Qi (祁) and Yangshe (羊舌)—were exterminated and the six major clans grew even more powerful.

Duke Qing reigned for 14 years and died in 512 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Duke Ding.

Duke Ding of Jin
Duke Ding of Jin (Chinese: 晉定公; pinyin: Jìn Dìng Gōng), personal name Ji Wu, was from 511 BC to 475 BC the duke of the Jin state. He succeeded his father, Duke Qing, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Duke Chu.
Kam Tin
Kam Tin, or Kam Tin Heung, is an area in the New Territories, Hong Kong. It lies on a flat alluvial plain north of Tai Mo Shan mountain and east of Yuen Long town. It was formerly known as Sham Tin (岑田). Administratively, it is part of Yuen Long District.

Many of Kam Tin's residents are from the Tang Clan, who are of the Punti culture, not Hakka as is often misattributed.

Tang Clan
The Tang Clan of Hong Kong (Chinese: 鄧族) is one of the Five Great Clans of the New Territories. The others are Man (文), Hau (侯), Pang (彭) and Liu (廖).

The Tangs are one of the region's oldest families and can trace their lineage back 30 generations in Hong Kong and 86 generations in China. In the New Territories, the clan stands about 25,000 strong.

Sharing the same surname as the Deng in China, the Tangs of Hong Kong originated from Jishui of Jiangxi province and are considered to be native Hong Kong people, as they were the first immigrants to settle in what is now Hong Kong from what is now mainland China in the 11th century. Many of the Tangs settled in Kam Tin, New Territories.

The most famous Tang village is Kat Hing Wai, a walled village with a moat. Kat Hing Wai was the last Punti village to fall under British control after the Six Day War in April 1899.
Her Tale of Shim Chong
Her Tale of Shim Chong (Korean: 그녀의 심청, romanized: Geunyeoui Simcheong) is a Korean girls' love manhwa series written by Seri and illustrated by Biwan. The manhwa was serialized online via Comico from September, 2017 to March, 2019. The story is a reimagining of the classic Korean novel The Tale of Sim Chong.

The Tale of Sim Ch'ŏng
The Story of Sim Cheong or The Tale of Sim Ch'ŏng (Korean: 심청전; Hanja: 沈淸傳) is a Korean classical novel about a filial daughter named Sim Cheong. Simcheongga, the pansori version, performed by a single narrator, is believed to be the older version of the story, with the novel having been adapted from its script. Some examples of the story, though nominally referred to as novels, are practically the same as the pansori libretti, and are thus referred to as "pansori novels".

Woodblock-printed editions, written entirely in Hangul, were issued in the early 20th century. These books, printed in Jeonju (referred to as "Wanpan bon" editions), fall in the "pansori novel" category. The Seoul woodblock editions (called "Gyeongpan bon" editions) assume the more conventional literary style of the novel.
Medenine Governorate
Medenine (Arabic: مدنين Mednīn; French: Médenine) is one of the 24 governorates (provinces) of Tunisia, it had a population of 537,255 (2024 census) situated in the south-east, it includes the island of Djerba and borders Libya to the east. The capital is Mednine.

Djerba
Djerba (/ˈdʒɜːrbə, ˈdʒɛərbə/; Arabic: جربة, romanized: Jirba, IPA: [ˈʒɪrbæ] ⓘ; Italian: Meninge, Girba), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is a Tunisian island and the largest island of North Africa at 514 square kilometers (198 sq mi), in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia. Administratively, it is part of Medenine Governorate. The island had a population of 139,544 at the 2004 census, which rose to 163,726 at the 2014 census. Citing its long and unique history, Tunisia has sought UNESCO World Heritage status protections for the island, and, in 2023, Djerba was officially designated a World Heritage Site.
Fujiwara no Suenori
Fujiwara no Suenori (藤原 季範, 1090 – December 27, 1155) was a Japanese nobleman and High Priest of Atsuta Shrine during the late Heian period. He was the grandfather of Minamoto no Yoritomo, the founder and first shogun of the Kamakura shogunate, and a member of the Nanke House of the powerful Fujiwara clan. He held the court rank of Junior Fourth Rank.

Fujiwara no Suekane
Fujiwara no Suekane (藤原 季兼, 1044 – November 6, 1101) was a Japanese nobleman and feudal lord of the late Heian period. He served as acting governor of Owari Province and district governor of Nukata. He is also known as Mikawa Shirō Taifu.
David Murray Big Band
David Murray Big Band conducted by Lawrence "Butch" Morris is an album by David Murray released on the DIW/Columbia Records label in 1991. It features performances by Murray, Hugh Ragin, Graham Haynes, Rasul Siddik, James Zollar, Craig Harris, Frank Lacy, Al Patterson, Bob Stewart, Vincent Chancey, Khalil Henry, James Spaulding, Patience Higgins, Don Byron, John Purcell, Sonelius Smith, Fred Hopkins, Tani Tabbal conducted by Lawrence "Butch" Morris.

Butch Morris
Lawrence Douglas "Butch" Morris (February 10, 1947 – January 29, 2013) was an American cornetist, composer and conductor. He was known for pioneering his structural improvisation method, Conduction, which he utilized on many recordings.
Emiliano González Navero
Emiliano González Navero (16 June 1861 – 18 October 1934) was a Paraguayan politician of the Liberal Party, he served as President of Paraguay on three occasions and as Vice President of Paraguay on two occasions.

José Patricio Guggiari
José Patricio Guggiari Corniglione (17 March 1884 – 30 October 1957) was a Paraguayan politician who served as the 32nd president of Paraguay from 1928 to 1932. A member of the Liberal Party, he won the first free and fair elections in Paraguay history.

During his presidency, there was popular discontent over his handling of the Chaco dispute with Bolivia, as well as the role of his bodyguards in the killing of 11 people at a student rally protesting Guggiari.
Charles le Moyne de Longueuil, Baron de Longueuil
Charles (II) le Moyne de Longueuil, Baron de Longueuil (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl lə mwan də lɔ̃ɡœj]; December 10, 1656 – June 7, 1729) was the first native-born Canadian to be made Baron in New France.

Charles le Moyne de Longueuil was the eldest son of Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay and spent his childhood in France as a page to one of Governor Frontenac's relatives. He was a military officer and governor of Trois-Rivières. He was appointed governor of Montreal in 1724.

When the Governor General of New France, Vaudreuil died in 1725, Longueuil was made responsible for the general administration of New France, until a new governor could be appointed. He was disappointed that the position was not given to him, being a natural progression from the governing of Trois-Rivieres. and later of Montreal, and, for a time, acting administrator of New France.

During his life he owned 10 slaves.

Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay
Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl lə mwan də lɔ̃ɡœj e də ʃatoɡɛ]; 2 August 1626 – February 1685), was a French  officer and merchant who was a prominent figure in the early days of Montreal. Born in Dieppe, France in Normandy, he came to New France in 1641.  He became lord of Longueuil in Canada.
Bushveld
The Bushveld (from Afrikaans: bosveld, Afrikaans: bos 'bush' and Afrikaans: veld) is a sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa. The ecoregion straddles the Tropic of Capricorn and constitutes the southern part of the Zambezian region. It encompasses most of Limpopo and a small part of North West in South Africa, the Central and North-East Districts of Botswana and the Matabeleland South and part of Matabeleland North provinces of Zimbabwe. The Kruger National Park has a number of 'Bushveld' camps, but these are strictly speaking in the lowveld, as these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Although their limits are somewhat blurred, lowveld is generally restricted to the more easterly parts of South Africa and Zimbabwe.

Waterberg Biosphere
The Waterberg (Northern Sotho: Thaba Meetse) is a mountainous massif of approximately 654,033 hectare in north Limpopo Province, South Africa.  
The average height of the mountain range is 600 m with a few peaks rising up to 2,000 m above sea level. Vaalwater town is located just north of the mountain range. The extensive rock formation was shaped by hundreds of millions of years of riverine erosion to yield diverse bluff and butte landform. The ecosystem can be characterised as a dry deciduous forest or Bushveld. Within the Waterberg there are archaeological finds dating to the Stone Age, and nearby are early evolutionary finds related to the origin of humans.

Waterberg (Thaba Meetse) is the first region in the northern part of South Africa to be named as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.
Chelsea Watego
Chelsea Joanne Ruth Watego (formerly Bond, born 1978/1979) is an Aboriginal Australian academic and writer. She is a Mununjali Yugambeh and South Sea Islander woman and is currently Professor of Indigenous Health at Queensland University of Technology. Her first book, Another Day in the Colony, was published in 2021.

Mununjali clan
The Mununjali clan is one of nine distinct named clan estate groups of the Yugambeh people, an Aboriginal Australian nation whose traditional lands are the Beaudesert area in the Scenic Rim, Queensland, Australia.
Orup
Hans Thomas Eriksson (born 29 November 1958), known by his stage name Orup, is a Swedish singer, songwriter and musician who enjoyed major success in his native country and Scandinavia in the late 1980s and early 1990s with songs like "Jag blir hellre jagad av vargar", "Regn hos mej", "M.B.", "Då står pojkarna på rad", "Magaluf", and "Stockholm". Orup has also written several songs for other performers. He wrote the winning song of Melodifestivalen 2004, "Det gör ont" performed by Lena Philipsson.  He was one of the judges on X Factor in 2012. Orup also took part in season 5 of the Swedish TV-show Så mycket bättre, broadcast on TV4.

Lena Philipsson
Maria Magdalena Filipsson (born 19 January 1966), known by her stage name Lena Philipsson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈlêːna ˈfîːlɪpˌsɔn]), is a Swedish singer, songwriter and media personality. She represented Sweden in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, finishing fifth. In 2024, Philipsson was hired by Per Gessle as the female vocalist for Roxette's 2025 tour.
The Spanish Gypsy
The Spanish Gypsy is an English Jacobean tragicomedy, dating from around 1623. The play was likely a collaboration between several dramatists, including Thomas Middleton,  William Rowley, Thomas Dekker, and John Ford. Like Shakespeare's lost play Cardenio, The Spanish Gypsy is an English reworking of the novellas of Miguel de Cervantes, combining two of Cervantes' Novelas Ejemplares into a single drama.

Thomas Dekker (writer)
Thomas Dekker (c. 1572 – 25 August 1632) was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile and prolific writer, whose career spanned several decades and brought him into contact with many of the period's most famous dramatists.
Sharon Leal
Sharon Ann Leal (born October 17, 1972) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles in movies such as Dreamgirls (2006), This Christmas (2007), Why Did I Get Married? (2007), Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010) and her roles on the television shows Legacy, Guiding Light and Boston Public.

Why Did I Get Married?
Why Did I Get Married? is a 2007 American comedy-drama film adaptation written, produced, directed, and starring Tyler Perry. The film also stars Janet Jackson, Jill Scott, Malik Yoba, Sharon Leal, Tasha Smith, Michael Jai White, Richard T. Jones, Denise Boutte, and Keesha Sharp. The film was released in the United States by Lionsgate on October 12, 2007. Inspired by Perry's play of the same name, the film explores the difficulties of maintaining a solid relationship in the modern times through the lives of four married couples that experience upheaval on a week-long retreat.

The film received mixed reviews and was moderately successful with audiences.  The success of the film launched a franchise, including a sequel, Why Did I Get Married Too? in 2010, and a television spinoff which premiered in 2011.
Isaac Brunner Property (203 West Jones Street)
The Isaac Brunner Property is a home in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is located at 203 West Jones Street and was constructed in 1852. Brunner, a city alderman, also owned the adjacent property, at 205 West Jones Street, constructed a year earlier.

The building is part of the Savannah Historic District. 
In a survey for the Historic Savannah Foundation, Mary Lane Morrison found the building to be of significant status.

Isaac Brunner Property (205 West Jones Street)
The Isaac Brunner Property is a home in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is located at 205 West Jones Street and was constructed in 1851. Brunner, a city alderman, also owned the adjacent property, at 203 West Jones Street, constructed a year later.

The building is part of the Savannah Historic District. 
In a survey for the Historic Savannah Foundation, Mary Lane Morrison found the building to be of significant status.
Sangeetha Sagara Ganayogi Panchakshara Gavai
Sangeetha Sagara Ganayogi Panchakshara Gavai is a 1995 Indian Kannada-language biographical film, directed by Chindodi Bangaresh and produced by Chindodi Leela. Starring Lokesh in the title role, the film also featured Girish Karnad and Vijay Raghavendra in other pivotal roles. The film is based on the life of Panchakshara Gawai (1892 - 1944), who was a blind singer from Karnataka who made a great difference to the life of many blind people in Indian society.

The film, upon release was critically acclaimed and won multiple awards both at the National and State levels. The musical score composed and written by Hamsalekha was highly acclaimed.

Hamsalekha
Gangaraju (born June 23, 1951), professionally known as Hamsalekha, is an Indian film composer and songwriter who works in South Indian cinema, predominantly in the Kannada film industry since the late 1980s. He is also a screenplay writer, dialogue writer, instrumentalist and conductor, having composed and written over 500 albums.

Hamsalekha has won one National Film Award, six Filmfare Awards in the Best Music Director Category, seven Karnataka State Film Awards - four for music direction and three for lyrics - and is a recipient of an honorary doctorate from Bangalore University. His collaboration with V. Ravichandran resulted in producing blockbuster soundtracks in mainstream Kannada cinema.
Frank Marshall Davis
Frank Marshall Davis (December 31, 1905 – July 26, 1987) was an American writer, poet, political and labor activist and businessman.

Davis began his career writing for African American newspapers in Chicago. He moved to Atlanta, where he became the editor of the paper he turned into the Atlanta Daily World. He later returned to Chicago. During this time, he was outspoken about political and social issues, while also covering topics that ranged from sports to music. His poetry was sponsored by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs. He also played a role in the South Side Writers Group in Chicago, and is considered among the writers of the Black Chicago Renaissance.

In the late 1940s, Davis moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he ran a small business. He became involved in local labor issues. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) tracked his activities as they had investigated union activists since the early 20th century.

South Side Writers Group
The South Side Writers Group (SSWG) was a circle of African-American writers and poets formed in the 1930s in South Side, Chicago as part of the Chicago Black Renaissance. The SSWG benefitted from the Work Project Administration's artist relief efforts in the wake of the Great Depression. Debuting at a Chicago Writers Group conference in June of 1936, the SSWG included Richard Wright, Arna Bontemps, Margaret Walker, Fenton Johnson, Theodore Ward, Garfield Gordon, Frank Marshall Davis, Julius Weil, Dorothy Sutton, Marian Minus, Russell Marshall, Robert Davis, Marion Perkins, Arthur Bland, Fern Gayden, and Alberta Sims. Consisting of some twenty members, the group championed the New Realism movement and social realism. They met at the Abraham Lincoln Center on South Cottage Grove Avenue near the Bronzeville District.
4C-TFM
4C-TFM, also known as TFM-Ariadne or 4C-DOTFM, as well as 4-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-α-ethylphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist of the phenethylamine, phenylisobutylamine, and 4C families related to Ariadne (4C-D).  It is a close analogue of the psychedelic drugs 2C-TFM and DOTFM, with 2C-TFM having no substitution at the α carbon, DOTFM having an α-methyl group, and 4C-TFM having an α-ethyl group. The drug is a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. It shows similar efficacy as an agonist of these receptors as Ariadne, but shows about 6.4-fold higher potency as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist in comparison. Like Ariadne, 4C-TFM produces an attenuated head-twitch response relative to the psychedelic drug DOPR, with a similar maximal response as Ariadne. The chemical synthesis of 4C-TFM has been described. 4C-TFM was first described in the scientific literature by Michael Cunningham and colleagues in 2023.

2C-TFM
2C-TFM, also known as 4-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist and psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and 2C families. It has also been called 2C-CF3, a name derived from the para-trifluoromethyl group it contains. The drug was first synthesized in the laboratory of David E. Nichols. Later, it was tried humans and its psychedelic effects were confirmed. 2C-TFM is the most potent psychedelic of the 2C psychedelics.
William VII of Chalon-Arlay
William VII of Chalon (born c. 1415, died 1475) was a prince of Orange and lord of Arlay.  He was the son of Louis II lord of Arlay and his wife Johanna of Montfaucon.

He was married to Catherine of Brittany, the sister of Francis II, Duke of Brittany.  Together, they had one son:

John IV of Chalon.

Chalon-Arlay
Chalon-Arlay was a noble house of the Holy Roman Empire. They were the lords of Arlay in the county of Burgundy and a cadet branch of the ruling house of the county, the House of Ivrea. The founder of the house was John I of Chalon-Arlay, fifth son of John, Count of Chalon. When John III, lord of Arlay, married Mary de Baux, princess of Orange, the House acquired the principality of Orange.

For more details, and a family tree, see below.
The Turning Point (1920 film)
The Turning Point is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by J.A. Barry, written by Robert W. Chambers, and starring Katherine MacDonald, Leota Lorraine, Nigel Barrie, William V. Mong, Bartine Burkett, and William Clifford. It was released on February 2, 1920, by First National Exhibitors' Circuit.

Katherine MacDonald
Katherine Agnew MacDonald (December 14, 1891 – June 4, 1956) was an American stage and film actress, film producer, and model. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and was the older sister of actresses Miriam MacDonald and Mary MacLaren.
Pitts and Todd
Pitts and Todd were a 1930s movie comedy duo consisting of actresses ZaSu Pitts and Thelma Todd. Assembled by Hal Roach as the female counterparts to Laurel and Hardy, upon Pitts' departure, similar duos were formed that included Todd and/or actresses Patsy Kelly, Pert Kelton and Lyda Roberti.

Patsy Kelly
Patsy Kelly (born Bridget Sarah Veronica Rose Kelly; January 12, 1910 – September 24, 1981) was an American actress. She is known for her role as the brash, wisecracking sidekick to Thelma Todd in a series of comedy shorts produced by Hal Roach in the 1930s. Kelly continued to appear in similar roles after Todd's death in 1935.

After her film career declined in the mid-1940s, Kelly returned to New York, where she worked in radio and summer stock. She also became a lifelong friend and personal assistant of Tallulah Bankhead. Kelly returned to the screen after 17 years with guest spots on television and sporadic film roles.

Kelly returned to the stage in the 1971 revival of No, No, Nanette, for which she won a Tony Award.
Sumbar River
The Sumbar (also Sari-su, Sara-su and Ṣáríṣú) is a fast flowing river in southern Turkmenistan and northern Iran. It is a tributary of the Atrek.  The name Sari-su means yellow water in Turkic languages, but is applied to a number of other rivers as well. It used to be an area for Caspian tigers in Turkmenistan, until the last individual was killed in January 1954.

Atrek
The Atrek (Persian: اترک, Kurdish: Etrek, Turkmen: Etrek), also known as the Attrack, Atrak, and Etrek, is a fast-moving river which begins in the mountains of north-eastern Iran (37°10′N 59°00′E﻿ / ﻿37.167°N 59.000°E﻿ / 37.167; 59.000) and flows 563 kilometres (350 mi) westward, draining into the south-eastern corner of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan. Because of the high use of its waters for irrigation, the Atrek only flows into the Caspian when it is in its flood stage.
Mater Matuta
Mater Matuta was an indigenous Latin goddess adopted by the Romans. Mater Matuta was a goddess of fertility, childbirth, and ripening grain who later became linked to the dawn.: 90  Her cult is attested to in several places across Latium, with her most famous temple being located at Satricum.

As a goddess associated with the dawn, she shared attributes with the Greek goddess Eos and the Roman goddess Aurora.: 487

Aurora (mythology)
In Roman mythology, Aurora (/ɔːˈrɔːrə/ or /əˈrɔːrə/; Latin: Aurōra, Latin pronunciation: [au̯ˈroːra]) is the goddess and personification of the dawn. Aurora is the Latin word for dawn, and she appeared frequently in Latin literature.

Like the Greek Eos and Rigvedic Ushas, Aurora continues the name of an earlier Indo-European dawn goddess, Hausos.
Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle (/ˈlɪtɪk/ LIT-ik) is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), the other being the lysogenic cycle. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane. Bacteriophages that can only go through the lytic cycle are called virulent phages (in contrast to temperate phages).

In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the bacterial cell, and replicates separately from the host bacterial DNA, whereas in the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. This is the key difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles. However, in both cases the virus/phage replicates using the host DNA machinery.

Temperateness (virology)
In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle. Many (but not all) temperate phages can integrate their genomes into their host bacterium's chromosome, together becoming a lysogen as the phage genome becomes a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo a productive, typically lytic life cycle, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome, and produces phage progeny, which then leave the bacterium.  With phage the term virulent is often used as an antonym to temperate, but more strictly a virulent phage is one that has lost its ability to display lysogeny through mutation rather than a phage lineage with no genetic potential to ever display lysogeny (which more properly would be described as an obligately lytic phage).