hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Brillouin and Langevin functions
The Brillouin and Langevin functions are a pair of special functions that appear when studying an idealized paramagnetic material in statistical mechanics. These functions are named after French physicists Paul Langevin and Léon Brillouin who contributed to the microscopic understanding of magnetic properties of matter.

The Langevin function is derived using statistical mechanics, and describes how magnetic dipoles are aligned by an applied field. The Brillouin function was developed later to give an explanation that considers quantum physics. The Langevin function could then be a seen as a special case of the more general Brillouin function if the quantum number  would be infinite ().

Paul Langevin
Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.

He was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of widowed Marie Curie. He is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the Panthéon.
Kurt Rocco
Kurt Rocco (born October 8, 1987) is an American former football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Gladiators and New Orleans VooDoo of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at the University of Mount Union

Cleveland Gladiators
The Cleveland Gladiators were an arena football team based in Cleveland, Ohio, and members of the Arena Football League (AFL). The Gladiators played their home games at Quicken Loans Arena, which they shared with the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association and the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League. The franchise was originally based in East Rutherford, New Jersey, and then later in Las Vegas, Nevada, before relocating to Cleveland for the 2008 AFL season. The Gladiators qualified for the playoffs eight times in their history, reaching the ArenaBowl in 2014.

The Gladiators announced that they would not play the 2018 and 2019 seasons due to renovations on Quicken Loans Arena that required it to close during the NBA offseason and were granted a two-season hiatus. Before the team could return in 2020, the league filed for bankruptcy and ceased operations.
Five safes
The Five Safes is a framework for helping make decisions about making effective use of data which is confidential or sensitive. It is mainly used to describe or design research access to statistical data held by government and health agencies, and by data archives such as the UK Data Service.

Two of the Five Safes refer to statistical disclosure control, and so the Five Safes is usually used to contrast statistical and non-statistical controls when comparing data management options.

UK Data Service
The UK Data Service is the largest digital repository for quantitative and qualitative social science and humanities research data in the United Kingdom. The organisation is funded by the UK government through the Economic and Social Research Council and is led by the UK Data Archive at the University of Essex, in partnership with other universities.

The service is free to data owners and free at the point of use to non-commercial data users.
Juice (Australian band)
Juice were an Australian funk metal band formed in 1991 by brothers Amarnath and Krishna Jones both on guitar and vocals, Lucius Borich on drums; and David Kyle on bass guitar. They released their debut album, Wine of Life, in 1994 which peaked in the top 50 on the ARIA Albums Chart. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1994, their debut extended play, Movin' On, was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Independent Release.

Lucius Borich
Lucius Borich (born 1971) is an Australian musician, best known as the drummer for the band Cog, and previously the drummer in funk metal band Juice and in The Hanging Tree as well as Floating Me. He currently plays as a member of The Nerve.
Roger Kluge
Roger Kluge (born 5 February 1986) is a German professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team Rad-Net Oßwald. Kluge left NetApp–Endura at the end of the 2013 season, and joined IAM Cycling for the 2014 season. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won the silver medal in the men's points race.

Tim Torn Teutenberg
Tim Torn Teutenberg (born 19 June 2002) is a German cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Lidl–Trek.

He is from a family of cyclists: His father Lars, uncle Sven, aunt Ina-Yoko and sister Lea Lin are all current or former professional cyclists.
MZW
MZW is the second solo album from Swedish singer and model Måns Zelmerlöw. The album fits more into the dance genre than pop as his debut album Stand By For... did. The album features "Hope & Glory", Zerlmerlöw's entry into Melodifestivalen 2009, Sweden's selection process to decide their Eurovision entry. The album peaked at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart, matching the success of Zelmerlöw's first album. Three single have charted from the album, "Hope & Glory", "Hold On" and "Impossible". The album was first released in Sweden on 25 March 2009. The limited edition was released one week after the initial album release on 1 April 2009 and does not differ musically from the standard edition. The only notable differences are that the text on the album cover is printed onto the case itself and not on the paper booklet. Also in the top left hand corner on the reverse of the case there is a Limited Edition number.

Impossible (Måns Zelmerlöw song)
"Impossible" is a song recorded by Swedish singer Måns Zelmerlöw. It was released on 16 November 2009 as a digital download in Sweden. It was released as the third single from his second studio album MZW (2009). The song was written by Aleena Gibson, Måns Zelmerlöw and Dan Sandquist. It peaked at number 48 on the Swedish Singles Chart.
Aishwarya Sharma
Aishwarya Sharma (born 8 December 1992) is an Indian actress and classical dancer known for her work in Hindi television. She is best known for her portrayal of Patralekha "Pakhi" Mohitepatil in Star Plus's romantic drama Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin. In 2023, she participated in the reality shows Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 13 and Bigg Boss 17.

Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 17
Bigg Boss 17 also known as Bigg Boss: Dil, Dimaag aur Dum Ka Game was the seventeenth season of the Indian Hindi-language reality television show Bigg Boss. It premiered on 15 October 2023 on Colors TV and JioCinema. Salman Khan hosted the show for the fourteenth time. The grand finale aired on 28 January 2024, where Munawar Faruqui emerged as the winner and Abhishek Kumar was the runner-up.
Pistis
In Greek mythology, Pistis (/ˈpɪstɪs/; Ancient Greek: Πίστις) was the personification of good faith, trust and reliability. In Christianity and in the New Testament, pistis is typically translated as "faith".  The word is mentioned together with such other personifications as Elpis (Hope), sophrosyne (Prudence), and the Charites, who were all associated with honesty and harmony among people.

Her Roman equivalent was Fides, a personified concept significant in Roman culture.

Additionally, a close linkage between pistis and persuasion developed through the discussion of faith (belief) and was further morphed by an understanding of pistis as a rhetorical technique.

Sophrosyne
Sophrosyne (Ancient Greek: σωφροσύνη) is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron".

It is similar to the concepts of zhōngyōng (中庸) of Chinese Confucianism and sattva (सत्त्व) of Indian thought.
East Broadway station
The East Broadway station is a local station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at East Broadway and Rutgers Street on the Lower East Side, it is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction.

The East Broadway station was built for the Independent Subway System (IND)'s Sixth Avenue Line and opened on January 1, 1936. It contains one island platform and two tracks. The station was initially intended as an interchange station with the Worth Street Line underneath East Broadway, to be built as part of the IND Second System, although the other line was not completed. As a result, the station contains several mezzanines, one of which was originally intended as the platform level of the Worth Street Line. The station has exits to Rutgers Street's intersections with East Broadway and with Madison Street.

East Broadway (Manhattan)
East Broadway is a two-way east–west street in the Chinatown, Two Bridges, and Lower East Side neighborhoods of the New York City borough of Manhattan in the U.S. state of New York.

East Broadway begins at Chatham Square (also known as Kimlau Square) and runs eastward under the Manhattan Bridge, continues past Seward Park and the eastern end of Canal Street, and ends at Grand Street.

The western portion of the street has evolved into the neighborhood known as Little Fuzhou, or Manhattan's Fuzhou Town (福州埠, 紐約華埠), primarily populated by Chinese immigrants (mainly Foochowese who emigrated from Fuzhou, Fujian), while the eastern portion was traditionally home to a large number of Jews. One section in the eastern part of East Broadway, between Clinton Street and Pitt Street, has been unofficially referred to by residents as "Shteibel Way", since it has been  lined with up to ten small synagogues ("shteibels") in its history.
Cellulose fiber
Cellulose fibers or Cellulose fibres (/ˈsɛljʊloʊs, -loʊz/) are fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose, which can be obtained from the bark, wood or leaves of plants, or from other plant-based material. In addition to cellulose, the fibers may also contain hemicellulose and lignin, with different percentages of these components altering the mechanical properties of the fibers.

The main applications of cellulose fibers are in the textile industry, as chemical filters, and as fiber-reinforcement composites, due to their similar properties to engineered fibers, being another option for biocomposites and polymer composites.

Rayon
Rayon, also called viscose, is a semi-synthetic fiber made from natural sources of regenerated cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural products. It has the same molecular structure as cellulose. Many types and grades of rayon fibers and films exist. Some imitate the feel and texture of natural fibers such as silk, wool, cotton, and linen.  It can be woven or knitted to make textiles for clothing and other purposes.
Rayon production involves solubilizing cellulose fibers. Three common methods are as follows:

The cuprammonium process (obsolete), using ammoniacal solutions of copper salts

The viscose process (most common) using alkali and carbon disulfide

The Lyocell process, using amine oxide, avoids neurotoxic carbon disulfide but is more expensive
Erika Manilla
Erika Manilla (born February 1, 1998) is an American racquetball player. Manilla is the current Pan American Games Champion in Mixed Doubles, winning gold with her brother Adam at the 2023 Pan American Games in Santiago, Chile. She also won doubles at the 2022 US Open Racquetball Championships with Natalia Mendez, and has won six USA Racquetball (USAR) National titles (2 singles, 3 doubles, 1 mixed doubles).

María José Vargas
María José Vargas Parada (born 18 March 1993) is a Bolivian-born Argentine racquetball player. She is the current in World Games champion in Women's Singles, winning the title in Chengdu, China. Vargas is also the current South American Racquetball Champion in Women's Singles and Doubles, and a former Pan American Champion. Vargas has ten wins on the Ladies Professional Racquetball Tour (LPRT), and was the LPRT's #1 player in 2023-24.
Tung-Mow Yan
Tung-Mow Yan (Chinese: 顏東茂; born 1937) is a Taiwanese physicist who has specialized in theoretical particle physics, primarily in the structure of elementary particles, the Standard Model, and quantum chromodynamics. He is a professor emeritus at Cornell University.

Kurt Gottfried
Kurt Gottfried (May 17, 1929 – August 25, 2022) was an Austrian-born American physicist who was professor emeritus of physics at Cornell University. He was known for his work in the areas of quantum mechanics and particle physics and was also a co-founder with Henry Way Kendall of the Union of Concerned Scientists. He wrote extensively in the areas of physics and arms control.
Larisa Popova
Larisa Mikhaylovna Popova (née Aleksandrova, born 9 April 1957) is a Moldovan rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics.

In 1976, she was a crew member of the Soviet boat, which won the silver medal in the quadruple sculls event.

Four years later, she and her partner Yelena Khloptseva won the gold medal in the 1980 double sculls competition.

Yelena Khloptseva
Yelena Khloptseva (born 21 May 1960) is a rower from Belarus and Olympic champion. She won the gold medal in the double scull event with her partner Larisa Popova in the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games representing the Soviet Union. She also won a bronze medal in the quadruple scull event at 1992 Moscow Barcelona Olympic Games. She also won various medals at World Rowing Championships.
Foreign espionage in New Zealand
Foreign espionage in New Zealand, while likely not as extensive as in many larger countries, has nevertheless taken place. The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS), which has primary responsibility for counter-intelligence work, states that there are foreign intelligence agents working in New Zealand today.

2025 New Zealand espionage case
The 2025 New Zealand espionage case is the first time in history a New Zealand soldier was convicted of espionage. On 18 August 2025, a military court convicted a New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) soldier for attempted espionage possession of objectionable material.
Mr. Jones (Counting Crows song)
"Mr. Jones" is the debut single of American rock band Counting Crows. It was released in December 1993 by Geffen Records as the lead single from the band's debut album, August and Everything After (1993). The song was written by band members David Bryson and Adam Duritz, and produced by T-Bone Burnett. It became the band's first radio hit and has been described as their breakout single. "Mr. Jones" reached number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 Airplay charts. Internationally, the song peaked at number one in Canada and number seven in France. Its accompanying music video was directed by Charles Wittenmeier and filmed in New York City. It won two awards at the 1994 Billboard and MTV Music Video Awards. American Songwriter ranked the song at number four on their list of "The Top 10 Counting Crows Songs" in 2022.

Adam Duritz
Adam Fredric Duritz (born August 1, 1964) is an American singer, best known as the frontman for the rock band Counting Crows, for which he serves as a founding member and main composer. Since its founding in 1991, Counting Crows has sold over 20 million records, released seven studio albums that have been certified gold or platinum, and been nominated for two Grammy Awards and an Academy Award.

Duritz has recorded solo material of his own and has collaborated with other musical acts. He has also founded two record labels, E Pluribus Unum and Tyrannosaurus Records. His work scoring music for film earned an award from BMI for co-writing the song "Accidentally in Love" for the movie Shrek 2.
Kongeegen
Kongeegen (the King Oak) is a renowned oak tree in Denmark. It grows in Jægerspris Nordskov (Jægerspris North Forest) near Jægerspris, on the island of Sjælland. A scientific investigation in 1965 of the tree's rings indicated that the tree has an estimated age of 1500–2000 years, and may well be the oldest living oak in northern Europe. It probably originally grew in an open meadow, to account for its short trunk and low branching, with other taller forest trees growing up around it subsequently. Kongeegen is located in the same forest as Snoegen and Storkeegen.

Storkeegen
Storkeegen was a pedunculate oak located in Jægerspris Nordskov, near the town Jægerspris in Denmark. The remains of Storkegen are located in the same forest as Kongeegen and Snoegen.

All that remains of the ancient oak is a piece of the trunk. In 1974 the trunk broke just above the lowest branch at a height of four meters. Because the lowest branch survived the tree managed to live on until 1981, when it was unfortunately killed by a hurricane. It is estimated that the tree was 800 years old.

Storkeegen is named after the nest of a white stork that built its nest in the tree sometime during the nineteenth century. In 1843 the painter Peter Christian Thamsen Skovgaard painted Storkeegen and named this painting Eg med Storkerede i Nordskoven ved Jægerspris. This work became part of the Danish Royal Collection.
Sharp Entertainment
Sharp Entertainment, LLC is a television production company based in Manhattan, New York. Founded by Matt Sharp in 2003, they have produced thousands of hours of programming in reality television. They produce TLC's top rated television franchise, 90 Day Fiancé, which consists of 6 spin off series. The February 23, 2020 premiere of 90 Day Fiancé: Before the 90 Days had 3.3 million viewers, putting TLC in the #2 spot for the night. Some of their other hits include Love After Lockup (We TV), Man v. Food (Cooking Channel), Marrying Millions (Lifetime), Doomsday Preppers (National Geographic), Extreme Couponing (TLC), and The Fabulous Life (VH1).

Sharp Entertainment was acquired by CORE Media Group in 2012, which was relaunched as Industrial Media in 2018. On March 2, 2022, the company became part of Sony Pictures Television after its acquisition of Industrial Media and subsequent rebranding as Sony Pictures Television Nonfiction in November.

Extreme Couponing
Extreme Couponing (renamed Extreme Couponing: All-Stars for its third season) is an American reality television entertainment series produced by Sharp Entertainment and aired on cable network TLC in the United States and Canada.
Anna Pezzetta
Anna Pezzetta (born 6 March 2007) is an Italian figure skater. She is the 2025 Italian national champion and a four-time Challenger Series medalist (two golds, two silvers).

On the junior level, Pezzetta is the 2021 Italian junior national champion and competed at three World Junior Championships (2022, 2023, 2025).

Lara Naki Gutmann
Lara Naki Gutmann (born 6 November 2002) is an Italian figure skater. She is a 2026 Olympic Games team event bronze medalist, the 2026 European bronze medalist, the 2024 Finlandia Trophy bronze medalist, a four-time ISU Challenger Series medalist (one gold, one silver, two bronze), and a four-time Italian national champion (2021–23, 2026).

She represented Italy at both the 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics.
Abiri Oluwabusayo
Abiri Oluwabusayo Victoria (born October 29, 1993), known professionally as Khloe or KokobyKhloe, is a Nigerian reality TV star, model, brand influencer, actress, and entrepreneur inducted into the Forbes 30 Under 30 class of 2023.

She rose to fame after participating in the 2018 edition of Big Brother Naija season 3, where she was among the top 10 finalists and the first contestant to be recalled to the house after eviction. She is also known for her roles in Nollywood's Fate of Alakada and Pepper Soup.

Fate of Alakada
Fate of Alakada: The Party Planner also known as Fate of Alakada is a 2020 Nigerian action comedy film written by Moshood Yakubu Olawale and Ozioma Ogbaji, and directed by Kayode Kasum. The film stars Toyin Abraham, Mercy Eke and Broda Shaggi in the lead roles. This was the fifth film in the Alakada franchise and it was also the sequel to the 2017 comedy film Alakada Reloaded. The film is based on poking fun at social media fakeness and the current Nigerian pop culture. The film had its theatrical release on 1 October 2020 coinciding with the Independence Day of Nigeria and opened to extremely positive reviews. It also became a box office success and also eventually became the highest grossing Nigerian film of 2020.
Tipperary County Council
Tipperary County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Thiobraid Árann) is the local authority of County Tipperary, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. The council has 40 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (chairperson). The county administration is headed by a chief executive, Joe MacGrath. The administrative centres are Nenagh and Clonmel.

Clonmel
Clonmel (Irish: Cluain Meala, meaning 'honey meadow') is the county town and largest settlement of County Tipperary, Ireland. The town is noted in Irish history for its resistance to the Cromwellian army which sacked the towns of Drogheda and Wexford. With the exception of the townland of Suir Island, most of the borough is situated in the civil parish of "St Mary's" which is part of the ancient barony of Iffa and Offa East.
The Manor of Northstead
The Manor of Northstead is a 1954 comedy play by the British writer William Douglas Home. It is a sequel to his 1947 hit The Chiltern Hundreds. The title refers to the Manor of Northstead.

It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Nottingham before transferring to the Duchess Theatre in London's West End where it ran for 307 performances between 28 April 1954 and 22 January 1955. The original London cast included A.E. Matthews, Jean Lodge, Marie Lohr, Charles Heslop, Bryan Coleman, Ronald Adam, Arthur Hewlett and Viola Lyel.

Arthur Hewlett
Arthur Reginald Hewlett (12 March 1907 – 25 February 1997) was a British actor.

Hewlett made his stage debut in 1930 at Plymouth Rep, and his theatre work included the original British production of George Bernard Shaw's Buoyant Billions at the Malvern Festival in 1949. In 1954 he appeared in the West End in William Douglas Home's political comedy The Manor of Northstead.

He is perhaps best remembered for his roles on television, including Quatermass and the Pit, Police Surgeon, The Avengers, The Saint, No Hiding Place, The Baron, The Troubleshooters, Follyfoot, The Changes, Blake's 7, Doctor Who (in the serials State of Decay and Terror of the Vervoids), Shoestring, Juliet Bravo, The Black Adder and Moondial. Arthur Hewlett also played Dr Grant in Emmerdale Farm in 1973, and the part of Mr Medwin in an episode of Doctor At Large entitled "Where There's A Will".
Brownsville Station (band)
Brownsville Station is an American rock band from Michigan popular in the 1970s. Original members included Cub Koda (guitarist/vocalist), Mike Lutz (guitarist/vocalist), T.J. Cronley (drummer), and Tony Driggins (bassist/vocals). Later members included Henry "H-Bomb" Weck (drummer) and Bruce Nazarian (guitarist/vocalist).

They are primarily remembered for the top-10 hit single "Smokin' in the Boys Room" (1973).

Cub Koda
Michael John "Cub" Koda (né Uszniewicz; October 1, 1948 – July 1, 2000) was an American rock and roll musician, songwriter, and critic. Rolling Stone magazine considered him best known for writing the song "Smokin' in the Boys Room", recorded by his band Brownsville Station, which reached number 3 on the 1974 Billboard chart.

Offstage, Koda also co-wrote and edited the All Music Guide to the Blues, and Blues for Dummies, as well as selecting the tracks on the accompanying CDs. He also penned liner notes for bands such as the Trashmen, Jimmy Reed, J. B. Hutto, the Kingsmen, and the Miller Sisters.