hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Nicol (teacher)
William Nicol (1744–1797) was a Scottish schoolmaster, and, if ill-tempered and vain, one of Robert Burns's close friends. He was born in Annan parish at Dumbretton, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Burns referred to him in one letter as "Kind hearted Willie" and he accompanied the poet on his August 1787 tour of the Highlands. Burns's third son, William Nicol, born at Ellisland Farm in 1791, was named after his friend, the poet commenting that his newborn son had "that propensity to witty wickedness and manfu' mischief, which even at twa days auld I foresaw would form the striking features of his disposition."

Robert Ainslie (lawyer)
Robert Ainslie (1766–1838) was a Scottish lawyer, and one of Robert Burns's long-term friends from his Edinburgh days. He was probably the closest confidant of Burns, whom he met first at a Masonic or Crochallan Fencibles event. Ainslie accompanied the poet on the first part of his Border Tour. Robert's father, also Robert, was a lawyer a bailie at Duns and a land-steward on Lord Douglas's Berwickshire estates. Robert married Jean Cunningham on 22 December 1798.
Shadow in the Cloud
Shadow in the Cloud is a 2020 action horror film directed by Roseanne Liang, from a screenplay by Liang and Max Landis, starring Chloë Grace Moretz, Beulah Koale, Taylor John Smith, Callan Mulvey and Nick Robinson. It follows a female flight officer on a top-secret mission in the Pacific during the Second World War, who after boarding a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, encounters an evil gremlin during the flight.

The film was an international co-production between New Zealand and United States, The film premiered on September 12, 2020, at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the People's Choice Award for Midnight Madness. It was released on January 1, 2021, by Vertical Entertainment and Redbox Entertainment.

Roseanne Liang
Roseanne Liang is a New Zealand film director. Her first feature film, My Wedding and Other Secrets, was the first theatrically released feature film made by a Chinese New Zealander and became 2011's highest grossing local feature film. She also co-created, directed, and co-wrote the 2021 TV series Creamerie.
Amber and Ashes
Amber and Ashes is a fiction, fantasy novel in the Dragonlance book series and is the first of a trilogy called "The Dark Disciple", based around the character Mina. The book takes up where the War of Souls left off. This trilogy will explore the Chaos that is post-war Krynn. It is authored by Margaret Weis, who was a co-founder of the Dragonlance series, along with Tracy Hickman. This is Weis's fourteenth novel in the series, and first solo hardcover since the publication of the extremely popular Dragonlance title The Soulforge in 1998.

Margaret Weis
Margaret Edith Weis (/waɪs/; born March 16, 1948) is an American fantasy and science fiction author of dozens of novels and short stories. At TSR, Inc., she teamed with Tracy Hickman to create the Dragonlance role-playing game (RPG) world. She is founding CEO and owner of Sovereign Press, Inc and Margaret Weis Productions, licensing several popular television and movie franchises to make RPG series in addition to their own.

In 1999, Pyramid magazine named Weis one of The Millennium's Most Influential Persons, saying she and Hickman are "basically responsible for the entire gaming fiction genre". In 2002, she was inducted into the Origins Hall of Fame in part for Dragonlance.
Joint Committee on Tax Law Rewrite Bills
The Joint Committee on Tax Law Rewrite Bills was a joint committee of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The remit of the committee was to scrutinise bills intended to make the language of tax law simpler, while preserving the effect of the existing law, subject to minor changes. It scrutinized the Tax Law Rewrite Project.

Tax Law Rewrite Project
The Tax Law Rewrite Project of HM Revenue and Customs was a major effort to re-write the entire tax legislation of the United Kingdom in a format which was both more consistent and more understandable. The effort began in 1996 and ran until 2010. It aimed to remove archaic language and impenetrable terminology from tax law and to replace it with modern language and terminology.
Château d'Enghien (Chantilly)
The Château d'Enghien in Chantilly, France is a building within the park of the Château de Chantilly.

It is a long, neoclassical building, designed by Jean-François Leroy in 1769 as lodging for the guests that Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé, entertained at Chantilly.

It was later named in honor of his grandson Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien, who lived in the building with his nurses after his birth in 1772.

The building is made of four attached pavilions, each with its own entrance and triangular pediment crowned with a balustrade.

The château is now the official residence of the conservator of the Musée Condé and of three academicians.

Château de Chantilly
The Château de Chantilly (pronounced [ʃɑto d(ə) ʃɑ̃tiji]) is a historic French château located in the town of Chantilly, Oise, about 50 kilometres (30 miles) north of Paris. The site comprises two attached buildings: the Petit Château, built around 1560 for Anne de Montmorency, and the Grand Château, which was destroyed during the French Revolution and rebuilt in the 1870s. The château is owned by the Institut de France, which received it from Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale.

A historic monument since 1988, it is open to the public. The château's art gallery, the Musée Condé, houses one of France's finest collections of paintings. It specialises in French paintings and book illuminations of the 15th and 16th centuries.
Ri Hong-sop
Ri Hong-sop (Korean: 리홍섭, born 1940) is a North Korean scientist.

Ri is a former director of the  Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center. In 2005 he served on the program committee of the International Atomic Energy Agency's Nuclear Energy and Security (NUSEC) conference in Salzburg, Austria. According to the United Nations, Ri has played a "key role in the ... [DPRK's] nuclear program”.

In January 2016 Ri, along with a fellow associate in the nuclear weapons program Hong Sung-mu, was the first in line to receive a medal from Kim Jong Un for success in the January 2016 nuclear test. The two men are collectively known as North Korea's "nuclear duo".

Hong Sung-mu
Hong Sung-mu (Korean: 홍승무, born 1 January 1942) is a North Korean nuclear weapons scientist and a Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) official working with North Korea's weapons of mass destruction and space programs. He is the deputy director of the party's Machine Building Industry Department (MBID) and plays a key part in the country's nuclear weapons program.

Hong rose to prominence after the 2011 death of Kim Jong Il and succession of Kim Jong Un, after which he has supervised various weapons tests, including the 2013 and January 2016 North Korean nuclear tests. Hong's involvement in weapons development has landed him on international sanctions lists.
Tribhuvan of Nepal
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah Dev (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 1911 until his death in 1955, excluding a brief period of exile between November 1950 and January 1951.

Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, and was crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time of his coronation, the position of monarch was largely ceremonial, with the Rana dynasty exercising de facto power.

Rana dynasty
The Rana dynasty (Nepali: राणा वंश, romanized: Rāṇā vaṃśa, Sanskrit: [raːɳaː ʋɐ̃ɕɐ], Nepali: [raɳa bʌŋsʌ]) was a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead, and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule in Nepal. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan.

The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, the Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the Thapa dynasty.
Issak
Issak (Japanese: イサック, Hepburn: Isakku) is a Japanese manga series written by Shinji Makari and illustrated by Double-S. It was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Monthly Afternoon from January 2017 to April 2025, with its chapters collected in 19 tankōbon volumes.

Monthly Afternoon
Monthly Afternoon (月刊アフタヌーン, Gekkan Afutanūn) is a Japanese monthly seinen manga anthology published by Kodansha under the Afternoon line of magazines. The first issue was released in December 1986. Afternoon has spawned many successful manga series such as Oh My Goddess!, Genshiken, Blade of the Immortal and Big Windup!. It is part of Kodansha's "1day" series, which also includes the magazines Morning and Evening. A spin-off magazine, named good! Afternoon, started publishing on November 7, 2008.
Petra Hřebíčková
Petra Hřebíčková (born 20 September 1979) is a Czech stage and film actress. Her film debut was in the 2006 comedy I Served the King of England. On stage, she acted for six years at the Zlín City Theatre between 2003 and 2009, during which time she was named the Best Actress in a Play at the 2008 Thalia Awards. Following her Thalia award, she has appeared in television series and films including  Kawasaki's Rose (2009) and Men in Hope (2011). Since 2010 she has been a regular member of the theatre at Prague's Švandovo divadlo.

I Served the King of England (film)
I Served the King of England (Czech: Obsluhoval jsem anglického krále) is a 2006 Czech historical comedy film written and directed by Jiří Menzel, based on Bohumil Hrabal's novel I Served the King of England. It is Menzel's sixth Hrabal adaptation for film.

The film was released in the United Kingdom and the United States in 2008.
Arthur Sidgwick
Arthur Sidgwick (1840–1920) was an English classical scholar who had an early career as a schoolteacher. Despite his self-deprecating remark "in erudition I am naught", he is considered a great teacher of ancient Greek poetry.

He also became an important figure in the advancement of female education at the University of Oxford.

Henry Sidgwick
Henry Sidgwick (/ˈsɪdʒwɪk/; 31 May 1838 – 28 August 1900) was an English utilitarian philosopher and economist and is best known in philosophy for his utilitarian treatise The Methods of Ethics. His work in economics has also had a lasting influence.

He was the Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1883 until his death. He was one of the founders and first president of the Society for Psychical Research and a member of the Metaphysical Society and promoted the higher education of women.

In 1875, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, he co-founded Newnham College, a women-only constituent college of the University of Cambridge. It was the second Cambridge college to admit women, after Girton College.

In 1856 Sidgwick joined the Cambridge Apostles intellectual secret society.
Ambulapcha Glacier
Ambulapcha Glacier is a glacier of the Himalayas in the Solukhumbu District of Nepal. It adjoins Imja Glacier to its south and with Lhotse Shar Glacier forms three major glaciers. It forms the Ambulapcha Tsho glacial lake, located at 27°53′35″N 86°54′47″E﻿ / ﻿27.89306°N 86.91306°E﻿ / 27.89306; 86.91306.

Lhotse Shar Glacier
Lhotse Shar is a glacier of the Himalayas in the Solukhumbu District of Nepal. It adjoins Imja Glacier to the northeast and with Ambulapcha Glacier forms three major glaciers. To the east is Cho Polu, which is 6,734 m (22,093 ft) in height.
Nakajima Ki-27
The Nakajima Ki-27 (九七式戦闘機, Kyūnana-shiki sentōki; Type 97 Fighter) is a Japanese  fighter aircraft that served as the main fighter of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service up until 1940. Its Allied nickname was "Nate", although it was called "Abdul" in the "China Burma India" (CBI) theater by many post-war sources; Allied Intelligence had reserved that name for the nonexistent Mitsubishi Navy Type 97 fighter, expected to be the successor to the carrier-borne Type 96 (Mitsubishi A5M) with retractable landing gear and an enclosed cockpit.

Polikarpov I-16
The Polikarpov I-16 (Russian: Поликарпов И-16) is a Soviet single-engine single-seat fighter aircraft. It is a low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear, and was the first such aircraft to attain operational squadron status. It "introduced a new vogue in fighter design". The I-16 was introduced in the mid-1930s and formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II. The diminutive fighter, nicknamed "Ishak" or "Ishachok" ("donkey" or "burro") by Soviet pilots, figured prominently in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, Winter War and the Spanish Civil War – where it was called the Rata ("rat") by the Nationalists or Mosca ("fly") by the Republicans. The Finns called the aircraft Siipiorava "(flying squirrel)".
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, where it presents with a rapidly enlarging lump in a finger or toe which may be painful while growing.

It is composed of bone, cartilage and spindle cells. Some people report previous trauma.

Diagnosis is by medical imaging. Treatment is by surgical excision. Up to 50% recur after surgery.

It is rare, and occurs more often in the 20s and 30s. Combined with subungal exostosis, it accounts for less than 5% of cartilage tumors. Males and females are affected equally. The condition was first described by Frederick E. Nora in 1983.

Frederick E. Nora
Frederick E. Nora (born 1952 in Chicago) is an American pathologist, who completed his residency at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and in 1983 was the first to author an original paper on bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, also known as Nora disease.
Tartar's Ferry Bridge
Tarter's Ferry Bridge was one of nine metal highway bridges in Fulton County, Illinois listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This particular one was a 9-panel Parker through truss that carried Tarter Ferry Road over the Spoon River near Smithfield, Illinois. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1980, along with the eight other bridges, as one of the "Metal Highway Bridges of Fulton County. The bridge was one of three in Smithfield listed on the Register, the others are the  Bernadotte Bridge and the destroyed Buckeye Bridge, as well as the demolished Elrod Bridge. Others, such as the Duncan Mills Bridge in Lewistown, are located throughout the county.

The bridge was washed off its substructure during a flood in the spring of 2013. It had been abandoned for many years.

Elrod Bridge
Elrod Bridge was one of nine metal highway bridges in Fulton County, Illinois once listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  It was listed from 1980 until 1995.

Elrod was one of the six bridges that have been demolished out of nine similar bridges in the county. This particular one was over the Spoon River near Smithfield, Illinois, on Township Road 248 in Bernadotte Township. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1980, along with the eight other bridges, as one of the "Metal Highway Bridges of Fulton County". The bridge was one of four near Smithfield listed on the Register, the others are the Buckeye Bridge, the Bernadotte Bridge and the Tartar's Ferry Bridge. Others, such as the Babylon Bend Bridge in Ellisville, are located throughout the county.

The Elrod Bridge was removed from the Register in 1995 after its destruction by an F-4 tornado.
Ploddy the Police Car on the Case
Ploddy the Police Car on the Case (Norwegian: Pelle Politibil på sporet; also released as Bold Eagles) is a 2013 Norwegian animated adventure film directed by Rasmus A. Sivertsen and Rune Spaans from a screenplay by Arthur Johansen. A sequel to Ploddy the Police Car Makes a Splash (2009), it is the third film to be based on the Norwegian children's character Pelle Politibil (Ploddy the Police Car).

Ploddy the Police Car Makes a Splash
Ploddy the Police Car Makes a Splash (Norwegian: Pelle Politibil går i vannet; also released as Police Patrol) is a 2009 Norwegian animated adventure comedy film directed by Rasmus A. Sivertsen from a screenplay by Arthur Johansen. It is the second film to be based on the children's character Pelle Politibil (Ploddy the Police Car), and the first to be animated. It was followed by a sequel in 2013 titled Ploddy the Police Car on the Case.
Patricia Morison
Eileen Patricia Augusta Fraser Morison (March 19, 1915 – May 20, 2018) was an American stage, television and film actress of the Golden Age of Hollywood and mezzo-soprano singer. She made her feature film debut in 1939 after several years on the stage, and amongst her most renowned were The Fallen Sparrow, Dressed to Kill opposite Basil Rathbone and the screen adaptation of The Song of Bernadette. She was lauded as a beauty with large blue eyes and extremely long, dark hair. During this period of her career, she was often cast as the femme fatale or "other woman". It was only when she returned to the Broadway stage that she achieved her greatest success as the lead in the original production of Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate and subsequently in The King and I.

Dressed to Kill (1946 film)
Dressed to Kill is a 1946 American mystery film directed by Roy William Neill. Released by Universal Pictures, it is the last of fourteen films starring  Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Doctor Watson. It is also known by the alternative titles Prelude to Murder (working title) and Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Code in the United Kingdom.

The film has an original story, but combines elements of the short stories "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons" and "A Scandal in Bohemia."  It is one of four films in the series which are in the public domain and is available online.
UCL School of Pharmacy
The UCL School of Pharmacy (formerly The School of Pharmacy, University of London) is the pharmacy school of University College London (UCL). The School forms part of UCL's Faculty of Life Sciences and is located in London, United Kingdom.

The School was founded by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1842 as the College of the Pharmaceutical Society. It was renamed The School of Pharmacy in 1949 when it became independent of the Pharmaceutical Society and was incorporated into the University of London as a constituent college. The School was granted a royal charter in 1952 and merged with UCL in January 2012.

Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010. The word "Royal" was added to its name in 1988. It was the statutory regulatory and professional body for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in England, Scotland and Wales. In September 2010, the regulatory powers of the Society were transferred to the newly formed General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). The RPSGB became the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) at that time and retained its professional leadership role; the "Great Britain" part of the name was dropped for day-to-day purposes.
Shine (J-Min EP)
Shine is the debut Korean extended play by the South Korean singer-songwriter J-Min with the title track of the same name. It was released digitally on July 18, 2014  and physically on July 21, 2014 by S.M. Entertainment.

J-Min
Oh Ji-Min (Korean: 오지민; born May 27, 1988), known professionally as J-Min (ジェイミン), is a South Korean rock singer, songwriter, and musical actress. She made her debut in Japan in 2007 with the extended play (EP) Korogaru Ringo under Avex Trax. In 2012, she began her activities in South Korea by contributing to the soundtracks of several television dramas. She officially debuted in Korea in 2014 with the release of the EP Shine.
Sir (2024 film)
Sir is an Indian Tamil-language action drama film written and directed by Bose Venkat. The film stars Vimal and Chaya Devi in the lead roles. The film is produced by S Siraj and Nilofer Siraj under SSS Pictures banner and presented by Vetrimaaran under his Grass Root Film Company banner. Siraj S, Saravanan, Rama and V. I. S. Jayapalan appear in supporting roles.  The film has music composed by Siddhu Kumar, cinematography handled by Iniyan J Harish and editing by Sreejith Sarang.

Sir was released on 18 October 2024.

Vimal (actor)
Vimal is an Indian actor working in Tamil films. He appeared in a supporting role in Kanchivaram (2008), and played the lead role in Pasanga in 2009.

Vimal's breakthrough came with the film Kalavani in 2010. He further acted in movies such as Vaagai Sooda Vaa (2011), Kalakalappu (2012), Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga (2013), Manjapai (2014), Mannar Vagaiyara (2018) and Deiva Machan (2023).
Louis of Oettingen-Wallerstein
Louis Kraft Ernest, Prince of Oettingen-Wallerstein (German Ludwig Kraft Ernst Karl Fürst zu Öttingen-Öttingen und Öttingen-Wallerstein) (31 January 1791 – 22 June 1870) was a Bavarian statesman and German prince of the House of Oettingen-Wallerstein. He succeeded his father as ruling Prince of Wallerstein in 1802 but lost his sovereignty in 1806 due to Mediatisation.

He served as the Bavarian Minister of the Interior from 1832 to 1837 and during the revolutions of 1848, he was caretaker of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Culture. Between 1849 and 1858, he was as a member of the Second Chamber of the Bavarian State Parliament on the side of the liberal wing. A well-known art collector, he expanded the Oettingen-Wallerstein collection and library, part of which was acquired by King Ludwig I for his own collection.

Bavarian Ministry of the Interior
The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, Sport and Integration (German: Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration) is the interior ministry of Bavaria. It is headquartered in Munich, and was established on November 21, 1806 as the Departement des Innern. The first Minister of the Interior was Count Maximilian von Montgelas (until 1817).

Since October 16, 2007, Joachim Herrmann (CSU) has been Minister of the Interior.

On September 1st, 2024, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior uploaded a video on their official X (formerly twitter) account which contained a number of seemingly Islamophobic tropes and imagery. The post has since been deleted from their account.
Sør-Hidle
Hidle or Sør-Hidle is an island in Strand municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The 1.4-square-kilometre (0.54 sq mi) island lies at the southeastern edge of a large archipelago of islands located between the Boknafjorden and the mouth of the Høgsfjorden, just to the northeast of city of Stavanger. The village of Tau lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of the island.  The island of Åmøy lies a short distance to the west of Hidle and the island of Heng lies a short distance to the southeast.

The highest point on the island is the 81-metre (266 ft) tall Kråkeberget.

The new Ryfast Tunnel was constructed under the fjord that surrounds the island, and the tunnel itself runs under the southern part of the island.  Due to the length of the tunnel, a large ventilation shaft was constructed from the tunnel up to the island to provide fresh air inside the tunnel.

Heng, Rogaland
Heng is a small island in the Strand municipality of Rogaland, Norway.  The 0.6-square-kilometre (150-acre) island lies in the Idsefjorden, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the village of Tau on the mainland.  Heng lies roughly halfway between the islands of Hidle and Idse.