hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Complex inverse Wishart distribution
The complex inverse Wishart distribution is a matrix probability distribution defined on complex-valued positive-definite matrices and is the complex analog of the real inverse Wishart distribution.  The complex Wishart distribution was extensively investigated by Goodman while the derivation of the inverse is shown by Shaman and others.   It has greatest application in least squares optimization theory applied to complex valued data samples in digital radio communications systems, often related to Fourier Domain complex filtering.

Letting  be the sample covariance of independent complex p-vectors  whose Hermitian covariance has complex Wishart distribution  with mean value  degrees of freedom, then the pdf of  follows the complex inverse Wishart distribution.

Inverse-Wishart distribution
In statistics, the inverse Wishart distribution, also called the inverted Wishart distribution, is a probability distribution defined on real-valued positive-definite matrices.  In Bayesian statistics it is used as the conjugate prior for the covariance matrix of a multivariate normal distribution.

We say  follows an inverse Wishart distribution, denoted as , if its inverse  has a Wishart distribution . Important identities have been derived for the inverse-Wishart distribution.
Umm Khalid
Umm Khalid (Arabic: أم خالد), also called Mukhalid, was a Palestinian village in the Tulkarm Subdistrict, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) west of Tulkarm. It was an ancient site in the central coastline of what is now the city of Netanya, Israel.

Netanya
Netanya (Hebrew: נתניה, IPA: [netanˈja]), or Natanya (IPA: [naˈtanja]), is a city in the Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 kilometres (20 mi) north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km (35 mi) south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north.

Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. The 14 km (8+1⁄2 mi) of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort.

In 2023, Netanya had a population of 233,485, ranking it as the 7th largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within ten kilometres (six miles) of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor was Miriam Feirberg, who died in 2025.
Lisa Kitko
Lisa A. Kitko is an American nurse scientist and academic administrator serving as dean of the University of Rochester School of Nursing and vice president of the University of Rochester Medical Center.

University of Rochester Medical Center
The University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), now known as UR Medicine, is located in Rochester, New York, is a medical complex on the main campus of the University of Rochester and comprises the university's primary medical education, research and patient care facilities.
Jeremy Browne
Jeremy Richard Browne (born 17 May 1970) is a British Liberal Democrat politician who was  the Member of Parliament (MP) for Taunton Deane from 2005 to 2015. He served as both Minister of State for Europe and the Americas and Minister of State for Crime Prevention.

In September 2015 Browne was appointed as a "Special Representative for the City of London Corporation" in the European Union, as part of the city's efforts to boost its presence in Brussels. Browne left this role in August 2018.

In July 2022 Browne became Chief Executive of Canning House.

Taunton Deane (UK Parliament constituency)
Taunton Deane was a constituency in Somerset represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. Subject to moderate boundary changes, it was reformed as Taunton and Wellington, which was first contested at the 2024 general election.
2024 London mayoral election
The 2024 London mayoral election was held on 2 May 2024 to elect the next mayor of London. It took place simultaneously with elections to the London Assembly, some local council by-elections in London and regular local elections elsewhere in England and Wales. Following the Elections Act 2022, voting in this election took place under the first-past-the-post system for the first time, replacing the supplementary vote system. The result of the election was announced on 4 May 2024.

Sadiq Khan of the Labour Party, who has served as the mayor of London since 2016, was re-elected as mayor and became the first person to be elected to the role for three terms. The Conservative Party stood former London Assembly Conservative leader Susan Hall as its candidate, the Green Party nominated Hackney borough councillor Zoë Garbett, the Liberal Democrats nominated Rob Blackie, and Reform UK nominated Howard Cox. There were eight other candidates.

2024 London Assembly election
The 2024 London Assembly election was held on 2 May 2024 to elect the members of the London Assembly. It took place on the same day as the 2024 London mayoral election, local elections across England and Wales and one parliamentary by-election.
Vulcan Materials Company
Vulcan Materials Company (NYSE: VMC) is an American company based in Birmingham, Alabama. It is principally engaged in the production, distribution and sale of construction materials. Vulcan is the largest producer of construction materials, primarily gravel, crushed stone, and sand, and employs approximately 12,000 people at over 400 facilities. Vulcan serves 22 states, the District of Columbia, Mexico, Canada, Bahamas and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Vulcan's Crescent Market project led to construction of a large quarry and deep water seaport on the Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico, just south of Cancún. This quarry supplies Tampa, New Orleans, Houston, and Brownsville, Texas, as well as other Gulf coast seaports, with crushed limestone via large 62,000-ton self-discharging ships.

Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum Corporation (often abbreviated Oxy in reference to its ticker symbol and logo) is an American company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration in the United States and the Middle East as well as petrochemical manufacturing in the United States, Canada, and Chile. It is incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law and headquartered in Houston. The company ranked 183rd on the 2021 Fortune 500 based on its 2020 revenues and 670th on the 2021 Forbes Global 2000.
Craig Thompson
Craig Matthew Thompson (born September 21, 1975) is an American graphic novelist best known for his books Good-bye, Chunky Rice (1999), Blankets (2003), Carnet de Voyage (2004), Habibi (2011), Space Dumplins (2015), and Ginseng Roots (2025). Thompson has received four Harvey Awards, three Eisner Awards, and two Ignatz Awards.  In 2007, his cover design for the Menomena album Friend and Foe received a Grammy nomination for Best Recording Package.

Menomena
Menomena /mɪˈnɒmɪnə/ is an indie rock band from Portland, Oregon, United States, made up of Justin Harris and Danny Seim. Both members of the band share singing duties and frequently swap instruments while recording. In concert, Seim plays drums, while Harris swaps between a number of instruments.
Fast Last!
Fast Last! is an album by trumpeter Lester Bowie, recorded for the Muse label and released in 1974. It features performances by Bowie, Julius Hemphill, John Hicks, John Stubblefield, Joseph Bowie, Bob Stewart, Cecil McBee, Jerome Cooper, Charles Shaw and Phillip Wilson.

Jerome Cooper
Jerome Douglas Cooper (December 14, 1946 – May 6, 2015) was an American free jazz musician. In addition to trap drums, Cooper played balafon, chirimia and various electronic instruments, and referred to himself as a "multi-dimensional drummer," meaning that his playing involved "layers of sounds and rhythms". AllMusic reviewer Ron Wynn called him "A sparkling drummer and percussionist... An excellent accompanist". Another Allmusic reviewer stated that "in the truest sense this drummer is a magician, adept at transformation and the creation of sacred space".
Tenmei
Tenmei (天明) is a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, literally "years name") for the years between the An'ei Era and before the Kansei Era, from April 1781 through January 1789. The reigning emperor was Kōkaku Tennō' (光格天皇).

An'ei
An'ei (安永) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Meiwa and before Tenmei. This period spanned the years November 1772 through  March 1781. The reigning emperors were Go-Momozono-tennō (後桃園天皇) and Kōkaku-tennō (光格天皇).
Emanuel Herrmann
Emanuel Alexander Herrmann (24 June 1839 in Klagenfurt, Austria – 13 July 1902 in Vienna) was an Austrian  national economist. He is considered the decisive last in an international line of inventors of the postal card.

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt am Wörthersee (/ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/; German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ⓘ; Slovene: Celovec; Austro-Bavarian: Klognfuat; Carinthian Slovene: Clouvc), usually known as simply Klagenfurt (English: /ˈklɑːɡənfʊərt/ KLAH-gən-foort), is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia, as well as of the historical region of Carinthia (including Slovenian Carinthia).

With a population of 105,759 (1 January 2026), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, and Innsbruck. The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt, the Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci; German: Kärntner Slowenen), one of Austria's indigenous minorities.
Nothing As It Seems (Fringe)
"Nothing As It Seems" is the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of the Fox science-fiction drama television series Fringe, and the series' 81st episode overall. The case of the episode is a parallel observation to the events of the first season's "The Transformation", starting identically but then diverging.

It was co-written by Jeff Pinkner and Akiva Goldsman, while Frederick E. O. Toye directed.

Frederick E. O. Toye
Frederick E. O. Toye (born September 26, 1967) is an American television director and executive producer. Toye began his career as a production assistant for five years and an editor for 15 years, before becoming a television director. He is a frequent collaborator of J. J. Abrams. He has directed, edited, and produced several episodes of the ABC series Alias, as well as serving as a producer and director on the Fox science fiction series Fringe. In 2024, he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for his work on the first season of the FX series Shōgun.

He has also directed episodes of Lost, Ghost Whisperer, Brothers & Sisters, The 4400, Moonlight, V, CSI: NY, Chuck, The Good Wife, Falling Skies, Person of Interest, Fallout and other series.
OH/IR star
An OH/IR star is an asymptotic giant branch (AGB), a red supergiant (RSG), or a red hypergiant (RHG) star that shows strong OH maser emission and is unusually bright at near-infrared wavelengths.

In the very late stages of AGB evolution, a star develops a super-wind with extreme mass loss.  The gas in the stellar wind condenses as it cools away from the star, forming molecules such as water (H2O) and silicon monoxide (SiO). This can form grains of dust, mostly silicates, which obscure the star at shorter wavelengths, leading to a strong infrared source. Hydroxyl (OH) radicals can be produced by photodissociation or collisional dissociation.

H2O and OH can both be pumped to produce maser emission. OH masers in particular can give rise to a powerful maser action at 1612 MHz and this is regarded as a defining feature of the OH/IR stars.  Many other AGB stars, such as Mira variables, show weaker OH masers at other wavelengths, such as 1667MHz or 22MHz.

Astrophysical maser
An astrophysical maser is a naturally occurring source of stimulated spectral line emission, typically in the microwave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This emission may arise in molecular clouds, comets, planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, or  various other conditions in interstellar space.
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence
The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, abbreviated as PPKI; Japanese: 独立準備委員会, Hepburn: Dokuritsu Junbi Īnkai) was a body established on 7 August 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the occupying Japanese to Indonesia. It approved and promulgated the first Constitution of Indonesia, and appointed Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as the first president and vice president of Indonesia, respectively.

Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (Indonesian: Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan, abbreviated as BPUPK; Japanese: 独立準備調査会, Hepburn: Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsakai, Nihon-shiki / Kunrei-shiki: Dokuritu Zyunbi Tyoosa-kai), sometimes referred to, but better known locally, as the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (Indonesian: Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia, BPUPKI), was an organization set up on 1 March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945. A BPUPK was also established in Sumatra.
Rutherford County, Tennessee
Rutherford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located in Middle Tennessee. As of a 2023 estimate, the population was 367,101, making it the fifth-most populous county in Tennessee. A study conducted by the University of Tennessee projects Rutherford County to become the third largest county in Tennessee by population by 2050. Its county seat is Murfreesboro, which is also the geographic center of Tennessee. As of 2010, it is the center of population of Tennessee. Rutherford County is included in the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutherford County, Tennessee
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutherford County, Tennessee.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.

There are 48 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and six former listings.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted March 28, 2025.
Aaron Rasmussen
Aaron Rasmussen is an American CEO and game designer. He is the co-founder of MasterClass, an online education platform, USMechatronics and Harcos Laboratories and the founder of Outlier.org, a college level education platform that offers online college courses. In 2012, he and co-creator Michael T. Astolfi created and crowdfunded BlindSide, a survival/horror adventure game, which was a finalist at IndieCade 2012. In 2005, while a student at Boston University, he invented a robotic sentry gun.

MasterClass
Yanka Industries, Inc., doing business as MasterClass, is an American online education subscription platform on which students can access tutorials and lectures pre-recorded by experts in various fields. The concept for MasterClass was conceived by David Rogier and developed with Aaron Rasmussen.
Peter Abigail
Major General Peter John Abigail, AO (born 6 April 1948) is a retired Australian Army officer who held a number of senior commands, including Deputy Chief of Army (1998–2000) and Land Commander Australia (2000–2002). Following his retirement from the army, Abigail served as the Executive Director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute from 2005 until 2011. He also served as a member of the three-person Ministerial Advisory Panel for the 2009 Defence White Paper.

Australian Strategic Policy Institute
35°18′28″S 149°08′08″E﻿ / ﻿35.30790°S 149.13559°E﻿ / -35.30790; 149.13559

The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) is a defence and strategic policy think tank based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, founded by the Australian government, and funded by the Australian Department of Defence along with overseas governments, defence, and technology companies.
Granite School District
The Granite School District is a public school district spread across central Salt Lake County, Utah, serving West Valley City, Millcreek, Taylorsville, South Salt Lake, Holladay, Kearns, and Magna; and parts of West Jordan, Murray and Cottonwood Heights. About 67,000 students are enrolled in its programs ranging from kindergarten to twelfth grade. It operates 9 high schools, 15 junior high schools, 62 elementary schools, as well as several specialty schools. This makes Granite the third largest school district in the state of Utah behind Alpine School District in Utah County and Davis County School District. Other school districts in the area include the Salt Lake City School District and the Murray School District.

All the following information is from the Granite School District website

South Salt Lake, Utah
South Salt Lake is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah and a core inner suburb of Salt Lake City proper, and thus part of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. The population was 26,777 at the 2020 census.
Gunning for Justice
Gunning for Justice is a 1948 American Western film directed by Ray Taylor and written by J. Benton Cheney. The film stars Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Max Terhune, Evelyn Finley, I. Stanford Jolley and House Peters Jr. The film was released on November 7, 1948 by Monogram Pictures.

Johnny Mack Brown
John Brown (September 1, 1904 – November 14, 1974) was an American college football player and film actor billed as John Mack Brown at the height of his screen career. He acted and starred mainly in Western films.
Mangiafuoco
Mangiafuoco (/ˌmɑːndʒəˈfwoʊkoʊ/ MAHN-jə-FWOH-koh; Italian: [ˌmandʒaˈfwɔːko], literally "Fire-Eater") or Mangiafoco is a fictional character who appears in Carlo Collodi's 1883 Italian book The Adventures of Pinocchio (Le avventure di Pinocchio), serving as a secondary antagonist before redeeming himself. Although in several adaptations of the novel, more antagonistic versions based on the character are usually represented.

The Coachman
The Coachman (Italian: il Conduttore del Carro), also known as The Little Man (l'Omino, or more precisely l'Omino di Burro, 'the Buttery Man'), is a fictional character and a major antagonist from Carlo Collodi's 1883 book The Adventures of Pinocchio (Le avventure di Pinocchio), in which he appears in chapters XXXI and XXXIII.
Joys of Life
Joys of Life (Chinese: 花样人间; pinyin: Huāyàng Rénjiān) is a Singaporean Chinese drama which was telecasted on Singapore's free-to-air channel, MediaCorp Channel 8. It stars Chew Chor Meng, Alien Huang, Rui En, Chen Liping, Zheng Geping, Chloe Wang, Kate Pang, Andie Chen, Huang Wenyong, Lin Meijiao and Zhang Yao Dong as the cast of the series.

The series was produced to celebrate 30 years of Chinese language drama being broadcast in Singapore. Set in post-World War II Singapore, the story line spans the decade between the end of the Japanese occupation and the HDB's clearing of squatters during the late 1950s to early 1960s. It is the first on-screen pairing of Rui En and Alien Huang, and Huang's first Singaporean drama.

Alien Huang
Alien Huang (28 November 1983 – 16 September 2020), also known as Xiao Gui (Little Ghost), was a Taiwanese singer, actor, television presenter, illustrator and fashion designer.

He was a member of Japanese TV Asahi's disbanded boy band HC3 in 2002 and Taiwanese Rock Records' disbanded boy band Cosmo (丸子) in 2003. He went on to release five solo albums and acted in movies and television dramas. He was known as the host of popular Taiwanese variety entertainment show 100% Entertainment, which he left in early 2016.

Huang was the founder and designer of AES (Alien Evolution Studio), a clothing brand which he established in 2008. He also published three illustration books.
Bujanovac
Bujanovac (Serbian Cyrillic: Бујановац, pronounced [bǔjanɔvats]; Albanian: Bujanoc) is a town and municipality located in the Pčinja District of southern Serbia. As of the 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 41,068.

Situated in the South Morava basin, it is located in the geographical area known as Preševo Valley. It is also known for its source of mineral water and spa town Bujanovačka banja. Ethnically, Serbs are the largest ethnic group in the town, while the largest ethnic group in the municipality are Albanians.

Pčinja District
The Pčinja District (Serbian: Пчињски округ, romanized: Pčinjski okrug, pronounced [ptʃǐɲskiː ôkruːɡ]) is one of administrative districts of Serbia. It occupies the southernmost part of the country. According to the 2022 census, it has a population of 193,802 inhabitants. The administrative center of the Pčinja District is the city of Vranje.
Freddie Pethard
Frederick James Pethard (born 7 October 1950) is a Scottish former professional footballer. He was born in Glasgow.

Pethard began his career at Celtic but failed to make an impact on the first team and was released by the club. He signed for Cardiff City initially as understudy to the full back pairing of David Carver and Gary Bell but he eventually managed to break into the side and hold his place for several years, despite suffering a number of minor injuries. He left in 1979 and signed for Torquay United where he spent three years before leaving league football. After leaving football, Fred joined Devon Probation Service and subsequently became the manager of the Torbay Youth Offending Team.

Gary Bell (footballer)
Gary Bell (born 4 April 1947) is an English former professional footballer. During his career, he made over 350 appearances in The Football League most notably with Cardiff City where he spent eight years, helping the side to seven Welsh Cup victories. He later played for Hereford United, Newport County and Gloucester City.
The Naked and Famous
The Naked and Famous are a New Zealand indie electronic band from Auckland, formed in 2007. The band currently consists of Alisa Xayalith (vocals, keyboards) and Thom Powers (vocals, guitars).

The band has released four studio albums: Passive Me, Aggressive You (2010), In Rolling Waves (2013), Simple Forms (2016) and Recover (2020). Since 2012, the band has been based in Los Angeles, California.

Passive Me, Aggressive You
Passive Me, Aggressive You (stylised as Passive Me • Aggressive You) is the debut studio album by New Zealand indie electronic band the Naked and Famous, released on 6 September 2010 by Somewhat Damaged. The album debuted at number one on the New Zealand Albums Chart. The album spawned four singles: "All of This", "Young Blood", "Punching in a Dream" and "Girls Like You"; with "Young Blood" peaking at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart.