hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
157th Street station
The 157th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Broadway and 157th Street in Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times.

The 157th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 157th Street began on May 14 of the same year. The station held a soft opening on October 29, 1904, and officially opened two weeks later on November 12. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948, and the station was renovated in the late 20th century.

The 157th Street station contains two side platforms and two tracks. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to Broadway's intersection with 157th Street and not connected to each other within fare control.

145th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
The 145th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Broadway and 145th Street in Hamilton Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, it is served by the 1 trains at all times.

The 145th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 145th Street began on May 14 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948.

The 145th Street station contains two side platforms and three tracks; the center track is not used in regular service. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to 145th Street and Broadway and are not connected to each other within fare control.
The Paper Chase (band)
The Paper Chase (stylized as "the pAper chAse") was an American alternative rock band formed in 1998 by producer/engineer John Congleton in Dallas, Texas, who were signed to Kill Rock Stars and Southern Records. Their albums God Bless Your Black Heart and Now You Are One of Us have been released on vinyl by the Austrian label Trost Records. The Paper Chase produced a combination of discordant melody and jagged noise pop, described by Allmusic as "a jagged structure of avant-garde jazz, noise, indie, and punk".

John Congleton
John Congleton is an American record producer, engineer, mixer, writer and musician.

In addition to his production work, Congleton has fronted the alternative rock band the Paper Chase, and writes music for a newer project titled the Nighty Nite. He has also written music for various other projects, including MTV's Jackass, the Discovery Channel, Friday Night Lights, Evil Lives Here, and several Halloween sound effects/music CDs.

In January 2016 it was announced that Congleton and the Nighty Nite would be releasing a full-length studio album on April 1 of that year.
The Greatest Love (South Korean TV series)
The Greatest Love (Korean: 최고의 사랑; RR: Choegoui sarang) is a 2011 South Korean romantic comedy television series starring Cha Seung-won, Gong Hyo-jin, Yoon Kye-sang and Yoo In-na. Telling a story about true love in the fake world of entertainment, it aired on MBC from May 4 to June 23, 2011, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 (KST) for 16 episodes.

Cha Seung-won
Cha Seung-won (Korean: 차승원; born June 7, 1970) is a South Korean actor, who began his career as an in-demand fashion model in the 1990s. Cha achieved stardom through the hit comedy films Kick the Moon (2001), Jail Breakers (2002), My Teacher, Mr. Kim (2003), and Ghost House (2004). After proving his versatility in other genres, notably in the period thriller Blood Rain (2005) and the melodrama My Son (2007), Cha's popularity continued with the television series Bodyguard (2003), City Hall (2009), The Greatest Love (2011), A Korean Odyssey (2017), One Ordinary Day (2021) and Our Blues (2022).
Salina Liberty
The Salina Liberty are a professional indoor football team based in Salina, Kansas. They began play in 2016 as members of the Champions Indoor Football (CIF) and played in the Arena Football League in 2024. In 2025, they played in Arena Football One. In 2026, the team will move to the National Arena League. The team plays their home games at the Tony’s Pizza Events Center.

Arena Football One
Arena Football One (AF1) is a professional arena football league based in Nashville, Tennessee, that began play in 2025.  The league was founded by the eight teams who had survived the 2024 Arena Football League season. The eight founding teams, only six of which would survive to the league's first game, attempted to add expansion teams, none of which would survive to the league's first game, and brought in teams from other leagues.
Utsurun Desu
Utsurun Desu (伝染るんです。) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Sensha Yoshida. It was serialized in Shogakukan's seinen manga magazine Big Comic Spirits from 1989 to 1994, with its chapters collected in five tankōbon volumes.

A video game, titled Utsurun Desu: Kawauso Hawaii e Iku!!!, was released in 1992. A three-episode original video animation (OVA), produced by DLE, was released in 2009. A series of 50-episode live-action shorts was released in that same year.

The manga has had over 3 million copies in circulation. It won the 37th Bungeishunjū Manga Award in 1991. It is regarded as one of the pioneers of the absurd gag manga.

Big Comic Spirits
Big Comic Spirits (ビッグコミックスピリッツ, Biggu Komikku Supirittsu) is a weekly Japanese seinen manga magazine published by Shogakukan. The first issue was published on October 14, 1980. Food, sports, romance and business are recurring themes in the magazine, and the stories often question conventional values. The magazine is published every Monday. Circulation in 2008 averaged over 300,000 copies, but by 2015 had dropped to 168,250. In 2009, Shogakukan launched a sister magazine, Monthly Big Comic Spirits.
S-60 (tractor)
The S-60 or Stalinets-60 (Russian: Сталинец-60, romanized: Stalinets-60) was a Soviet tractor produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant between 1933 and 1937.

It was based on the American Caterpillar Sixty tractor and was mostly produced for the Red Army, which used them extensively to haul artillery, as the tractor was heavily built and had a powerful engine. The tractor was used extensively in the beginning of World War II, but was gradually replaced by the S-65 tractor powered by a diesel engine. Many were captured and used by the Wehrmacht.

The tractor was originally produced during the Second Five Year Plan (1933–37), produced for kolkhozes (Soviet collective farms). It was intended to serve as state-owned equipment for farmers who would otherwise be too poor to afford it.

S-65 Stalinets
The S-65 tractor or Stalinets S-65 was an agricultural tractor built by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Factory (Chelyabinskii Traktornyi Zavod – ChTZ) from 1937 until 1941. These tractors were used in military service as they were widely available and capable of towing heavy guns.
B. R. Pettit
Billy Ray Pettit (1947–2006) was an American sculptor, best known for his bronze sculptures, which feature the rugged mountain men of the American West. His style was realistic, and much of his work portrayed aspects of pioneer life, the joys of the Rocky Mountain Rendezvous, and American Indian themes.

During his lifetime, Pettit created about seventeen bronze sculptures, with the most famous being "Old Bill" Williams. The eight-foot monument stands as a sentinel in the town of Williams, Arizona, the "gateway to the Grand Canyon." The statue has become an icon of historic Route 66. Pettit experienced fame when Senator Barry Goldwater unveiled the monument on April 26, 1980.  The Bill Williams Mountain Men presented a 16-inch version of the sculpture to newly inaugurated President Ronald Reagan in January 1981, who kept it in the Oval Office.

Old Bill Williams
William Sherley "Old Bill" Williams (January 3, 1787 – March 14, 1849) was a noted mountain man and frontiersman, known as Lone Elk to the Native Americans. Fluent in several languages, Williams served as an interpreter for the government and led several expeditions to the West.  He married into the Osage Nation, having two children who both married John Allen Mathews.
St. Matthew's Church, Łódź
St. Matthew's Church in Łódź is a Lutheran church and historic landmark located in Piotrkowska Street, at a short distance from the city's Catholic cathedral. The third Lutheran church in Łódź at the time of its construction, it is now the only church in the city that serves the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland, the country's largest Protestant denomination.

Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in the Republic of Poland (Polish: Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is a Lutheran denomination and the largest Protestant body in Poland with about 61,000 members and 133 parishes.
Ynyslas
Ynyslas (Welsh for 'green island'; Welsh pronunciation: [ənɪsˈlas]) is a small village about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) north of Borth and 8 miles (13 km) north of Aberystwyth, within the county of Ceredigion, Wales. It is sandwiched between a long sandy beach in Cardigan Bay and the beach in the Dyfi Estuary. The area between the sea and the estuary beach is made up of the Ynyslas Sand Dunes which are part of the Dyfi National Nature Reserve and home to many rare plants and animals. The sands of the estuary beach can be driven onto and parked upon. The nature reserve has a visitor centre with toilets and a small shop.

The northern end of the Ceredigion Coast Path extends to the Dyfi National Nature Reserve at Ynyslas.

River Dyfi
The River Dyfi (Welsh: Afon Dyfi; Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdəvi]), also known as the River Dovey (/ˈdʌvi/ DUV-ee), is an approximately 30-mile (48-kilometre) long river in Wales.

Its large estuary forms the boundary between the counties of Gwynedd and Ceredigion, and its lower reaches have historically been considered the border between North Wales and South Wales.
Stuart Adamson
William Stuart Adamson (11 April 1958 –  16 December 2001) was a Scottish rock guitarist and singer. Adamson began his career in the late 1970s as a founding member and performer with the punk rock band Skids. After leaving Skids in 1981, he formed Big Country and was the band's lead singer and guitarist. The group's commercial heyday was in the 1980s. In the 1990s, he was a member of the alternative country band the Raphaels. In the late 1970s the British music journalist John Peel referred to his musical virtuosity as a guitarist as "a new Jimi Hendrix".

The Raphaels
The Raphaels were an alternative country music band, fronted by Scottish guitarist Stuart Adamson, formerly of Skids and Big Country. The duo also featured Nashville songwriter Marcus Hummon. The duo only toured briefly playing various dates around the Nashville area as well as four shows in May 2001, the group was scheduled to play five shows but Adamson did not show up for the band's fifth show scheduled on May 19, 2001. The duo's gig on May 18, 2001, ended up being the last concert Adamson would perform in his lifetime. Their debut and only studio album, Supernatural, was released on May 21, 2001, via Track Records in the United Kingdom and in the United States via the Western Beat Entertainment label. In December 2001, Adamson was found dead at the age of 43 in Honolulu, Hawaii, after hanging himself.
Union of Service Workers
The Union of Service Workers (Serbo-Croatian: Sindikat radnika uslužnih djelatnosti) was a trade union representing hospitality workers, municipal workers, and workers in local industries, in Yugoslavia.

The union was established in 1963, when the Union of Communal and Craft Workers merged with the Union of Workers in Trade, Catering and Tourism.  Like both its predecessors, it affiliated to the Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia.  By 1965, it claimed 499,000 members.

In 1974, the union was split into the Commerce Workers' Union, the Union of Craftworkers, the Catering and Tourism Workers' Union and the Public Utilities and Handicraft Workers' Union.

Catering and Tourism Workers' Union
The Catering and Tourism Workers' Union (Serbo-Croatian: Sindikata radnika u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu) was a trade union representing workers in the hospitality industry in Yugoslavia.

The union was founded in 1974, when the Union of Service Workers was split up.  Like its predecessor, it affiliated to the Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia.  By 1990, it had grown to 250,000 members and was led by Milan Frković.  That year, it split into various more localised unions, including the Independent Trade Union in Croatian Hospitality and Tourism.
Douglas Malewicki
Douglas "Doug" Malewicki is an American aerospace engineer and inventor of Polish descent. Many of his inventions concern flying vehicles, but the range is quite diverse. He is also the concept creator and inventor of Skytran PRT (personal rapid transit).

SkyTran
Skytran (stylized as skyTran) is a personal rapid transit system concept. It was first proposed by the  inventor Douglas Malewicki in 1990 and was under development by Unimodal Inc. A prototype of the skyTran vehicle and a section of track have been constructed. The early magnetic levitation system, Inductrack, which SkyTran has replaced with a similar proprietary design, has been tested by General Atomics with a full-scale model.  In 2010, Unimodal signed an agreement with NASA to test and develop skyTran. skyTran had proposed additional projects in France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)
The Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Camera dei deputati del Regno d'Italia) was the main legislative body of the Kingdom of Italy descended from the lower house of the Kingdom of Sardinia, but supplemented with deputies from territories captured during the Second Italian War of Independence and the Expedition of the Thousand. Along with the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy, it formed the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until 1939.

Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy
The Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Parlamento del Regno d'Italia) was the bicameral parliament of the Kingdom of Italy. It was established in 1861 to replace the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia and lasted until 18 June 1946, when it was replaced by the present-day Italian Parliament. It was formed of a lower house (the Chamber of Deputies or after 1939 the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations) and an upper house (Senate of the Kingdom).
Virginia Mayo
Virginia Mayo (born Virginia Clara Jones; November 30, 1920 – January 17, 2005) was an American actress. She was in a series of popular comedy films with Danny Kaye and was Warner Bros.' biggest box-office draw in the late 1940s. She is also known for her roles in the war drama The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), the film noir White Heat (1949), and the war adventure Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951).

Michael O'Shea (actor)
Edward Francis Michael Patrick Joseph O'Shea (March 17, 1906 – December 4, 1973) was an American actor, comedian, musician and band leader who appeared on the stage, in feature films and on television in a career that spanned the 1940s through the early 1970s.
Raja Chinna Roja
Raja Chinna Roja (transl. King and small rose) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language children's film, directed by S. P. Muthuraman, written by Panchu Arunachalam and produced by AVM Productions. The film stars Rajinikanth, Raghuvaran and Gautami. Its plot revolves around an aspiring actor who meets his childhood friend, but is forced to take care of his nieces and nephews.

Raja Chinna Roja was the first Indian film to feature live action with animation. Its story was inspired by Arunachalam's 1974  film Unnaithan Thambi and the American films Mary Poppins (1964) and The Sound of Music (1965). The cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam, the editing by R. Vittal and Lancy, and music was composed by Chandrabose.

Raja Chinna Roja was released on 20 July 1989. The film was commercially successful and had a 175-day theatrical run, with the animated sequence particularly being well received. Arunachalam won the Cinema Express Award for Best Story Writer.

Raghuvaran
Raghuvaran Velayuthan Nair (11 December 1958 – 19 March 2008) was an Indian actor who predominantly acted in films made in South India. He has acted in more than 200 Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi films. According to the Hindustan Times, "the actor had carved a niche for himself with his special style and voice modulation."

He played the protagonist of a Tamil soap opera, Oru Manithanin Kathai, about a well-to-do man who becomes an alcoholic. He received critical acclaim for his role as Father Alphonso in the Malayalam movie Daivathinte Vikruthikal, directed by Lenin Rajendran and based on M. Mukundan's novel of the same name.

Raghuvaran's six-song music album, composed and sung by him, were officially released by actor Rajinikanth and the album was received by actress Rohini and Raghuvaran's son Rishi Varan.
Sandy (1918 film)
Sandy is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by George Melford, and written by Alice Hegan Rice and Edith Kennedy. The film stars Jack Pickford, Louise Huff, James Neill, Edythe Chapman, Julia Faye, and George Beranger. The film was released on July 14, 1918, by Paramount Pictures.

Jack Pickford
John Charles Smith (August 18, 1896 – January 3, 1933), known professionally as Jack Pickford, was a Canadian-American actor, film director, and producer. He was the younger brother of actresses Mary and Lottie Pickford.

After their father deserted the family, all three Pickford children began working as child actors on the stage. Mary later became a highly popular silent film actress, producer, and early Hollywood pioneer. While Jack appeared in numerous films as the "All American boy next door" and was a fairly popular performer, he was overshadowed by his sister's success. His career declined steadily due to alcohol, drugs, and chronic depression.
Naoto Fukasawa
Naoto Fukasawa (深澤 直人; born 1956) is a Japanese designer, author, and educator, working in the fields of product and furniture design. He is known for his product design work with the Japanese retail company Muji, as well as collaborations with companies such as Herman Miller, Alessi, B&B Italia, Emeco, Magis, realme, and HAY.

Fukasawa has been described by Bloomberg News as one of the world's most influential designers.

B&B Italia
B&B Italia SpA is an Italian modern furniture company founded in 1966 by Piero Ambrogio Busnelli, who had previously co-founded C&B Italia (with Cesare Cassina). The company remains under the ownership and management of the Busnelli family. In 2021, designer Piero Lissoni was appointed as its artistic director. B&B Italia is part of the Flos B&B Italia Group.
Eugenius
Eugenius (died 6 September 394) was a Western Roman emperor from 392 to 394, unrecognized by the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius I. While Christian himself, Eugenius capitalized on the discontent in the West caused by Theodosius' religious policies targeting pagans. He renovated the pagan Temple of Venus and Roma and restored the Altar of Victory after continued petitions from the Roman Senate. Eugenius replaced Theodosius' administrators with men loyal to him. This included pagans, reviving the pagan cause. His army fought the army of Theodosius at the Battle of the Frigidus, where he was captured and executed.

Altar of Victory
The Altar of Victory (Latin: Ara Victoriae) was located in the Roman Senate House (the Curia Julia) and bore a gold statue of the goddess Victory. The altar was established by Octavian (later Augustus) in 29 BC to commemorate the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium.
Shear modulus
In solid mechanics, the shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain:

The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi). Its dimensional form is M1L−1T−2, replacing force by mass times acceleration.

Shear stress
Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section.  Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.
Pinus brutia
Pinus brutia, commonly known as the Turkish pine and Calabrian pine, is a species of pine native to the eastern Mediterranean region. The bulk of its range is in Turkey, with smaller populations occurring in Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, Iraq, western Syria, Northern Iran, Crimea, the western Caucasus, and Azerbaijan; it is also naturalised as far east as Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is also known as East Mediterranean pine, Afghan pine, and Brutia pine. The name "Calabrian pine" comes from an introduced grove in the region of Calabria in southern Italy; historically this region was called Bruttium, which is likely where the specific epithet "brutia" comes from. Pinus brutia bears many similarities with other, closely related species such as Pinus halepensis and Pinus canariensis. Turkish pine forms a species complex with the former.

Pinus canariensis
Pinus canariensis, the Canary Island pine, is a species of gymnosperm in the conifer family Pinaceae. It is a large, evergreen tree, native and endemic to the outer Canary Islands of the Atlantic Ocean.
Tauheedul Islam Girls' High School
Tauheedul Islam Girls' High School and Sixth Form College (TIGHS) is a secondary school for girls in Beardwood, Blackburn, England. It was founded by the charitable trust Tauheedul Islam Faith, Education and Community Trust (now known as Star Academies). It serves as the flagship school of the trust.

Beardwood
Beardwood is a village suburb of Blackburn in Lancashire, England. It is relatively close to the village of Mellor and has a local high school. It lies on the western edge of Blackburn, a few miles away from Blackburn town centre.

In 2013, the Tauheedul Islam Girls' High School moved to Beardwood.
Sumida River
The Sumida River (隅田川, Sumida-gawa) is a river that flows through central Tokyo, Japan. It branches from the Arakawa River at Iwabuchi (in Kita-ku) and flows into Tokyo Bay. Its tributaries include the Kanda and Shakujii rivers.

It passes through the Kita, Adachi, Arakawa, Sumida, Taitō, Kōtō and Chūō wards of Tokyo.

What is now known as the "Sumida River" was previously the path of the Arakawa. Toward the end of the Meiji era, the Arakawa was manually diverted to prevent flooding, as the Imperial Palace in Chiyoda is nearby.

Arakawa River (Kantō)
The Arakawa River or Ara River (Japanese: 荒川, Hepburn: Arakawa; "kawa" (川) already means "river") is a 173-kilometre (107 mi) long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo. Its average flow in 2002 was 30 m3/s.

It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and empties into Tokyo Bay. It has a total catchment area of 2,940 km2 (1,140 sq mi).

The river is one of Tokyo's major sources of tap water, and together with the Tone River, accounts for around 80% of Tokyo's water supply as of 2018. The Okubo water purification plant takes water from the river.