hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Messages (Apple)
Messages is a text messaging software application developed by Apple for its macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and visionOS operating systems.

All versions of Messages support Apple's own iMessage service, while the mobile version of Messages on iOS – used on iPhone and cellular-enabled models of the iPad – also supports SMS, MMS, and RCS in iOS 18. Users can tell the difference between a message sent via SMS and one sent over iMessage as the bubbles will appear either green (SMS/MMS/RCS) or blue (iMessage).

First released in 2007, the mobile version was known as Text prior to iPhone OS 3, while the desktop Messages application replaced iChat as the native OS X instant messaging client with the release of OS X Mountain Lion in 2012, bringing additional support for iMessage and FaceTime integration.

IMessage
iMessage is an instant messaging service developed by Apple and launched on October 12, 2011. iMessage functions exclusively on Apple platforms – including iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS, and visionOS. iMessage uses the Messages app client.

Core features of iMessage include sending text messages, images, videos, and documents; getting delivery and read statuses (read receipts); and end-to-end encryption so only the sender and recipient can read the messages. The service also allows sending location data and stickers. On iOS and iPadOS, third-party developers can extend iMessage capabilities with custom extensions.

iMessage was introduced with iOS 5 in 2011, and was added to Macs with OS X Mountain Lion in 2012. In 2020, Apple introduced a redesigned version of the Messages app with macOS Big Sur which added some of the features previously unavailable on the Mac, including location sharing and message effects.
Fu Ning Garden
Fu Ning Garden (Chinese: 富寧花園) is a Home Ownership Scheme and Private Sector Participation Scheme court in Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong near Hang Hau Village and Tseung Kwan O Hospital. It was jointly developed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and Tak Wing Investment (Holdings) Limited (Renamed as New Smart Energy Group Limited), and has a total of six blocks built on reclaimed land and was completed in 1990.

Hang Hau
Hang Hau (Chinese: 坑口) is a residential area in Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung, New Territories, Hong Kong. It is located at the eastern edge of the Tseung Kwan O New Town. Most of the land was reclaimed from Hang Hau Village and Shui Bin Village (水邊村).
Steffen Mueller
Steffen Mueller  is a virologist and was assistant professor at Stony Brook University in New York.

Mueller received his Ph.D. in molecular microbiology from Stony Brook University in 2002 in the laboratory of Eckard Wimmer.

Mueller is a co-developer of the platform technology dubbed SAVE (Synthetic Attenuated Virus Engineering), a method to produce weakened synthetic viruses that are permanently prevented from regaining virulence. The method may hold the key to a new class of antiviral, so-called live, or attenuated vaccines.

Mueller is co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Codagenix Inc., a New York-based biotechnology company engaged in the development of vaccines.

Eckard Wimmer
Eckard Wimmer (born 22 May 1936) is a German American virologist, organic chemist and distinguished professor of molecular genetics and microbiology at Stony Brook University. He is best known for his seminal work on the molecular biology of poliovirus and the first chemical synthesis of a viral genome capable of infection and subsequent production of live viruses.
Groenkloof Nature Reserve
The Groenkloof Nature Reserve, located adjacent to the Fountains Valley at the southern entrance to Pretoria, was the first game sanctuary in Africa. The reserve of 600 ha is managed by the Department of Nature Conservation. The National Heritage Monument is located within the reserve. It is flanked by Christina de Wit Avenue and Nelson Mandela Drive, that separate it from the Voortrekker Monument and Klapperkop Nature Reserves. In aggregate these reserves conserve some 1,400 ha of bankenveld vegetation which is threatened in Gauteng.  The reserve is open to day visitors from 05:30 to 19:00 in summer, and 07:00 to 18:00 in winter.

Klapperkop Nature Reserve
Klapperkop Nature Reserve is a nature reserve of some 460 ha in Pretoria, Gauteng, which was established in 1898. It is managed by the Department of Nature Conservation. Fort Klapperkop, completed in 1897, is situated inside the reserve. The reserve is named for the prominent Klapperkop, a hill (or kopje) vegetated with klapper trees (Strychnos pungens) on its northern slopes.
Arjun Narasingha KC
Arjun Narasingha KC (Nepali: अर्जुन नरसिंह केसी) (born 27 September 1947), also known as ANKC, is a Nepali politician and former Professor, currently serving as a Member of Parliament (MP) from Nuwakot representing the Nepali Congress Party. KC has served as minister in various coalition governments holding Education, Health, Housing & Physical Planning and Urban Development portfolios. KC has been elected to the national parliament a total of four times from his constituency of Nuwakot.

He has served in the capacity of Joint General Secretary of the Nepali Congress (NC) and the spokesperson of the party.

In the 14th General Convention of the Nepali Congress, KC put forward his candidacy for the Central Committee citing the need for youth leadership in the party. He is now a Senior Leader in the Central Executive Committee advocating for anti-corruption laws, transparency and accountability in the parliament and within the party.

Gagan Thapa
Gagan Kumar Thapa (born 19 July 1976) is a Nepali politician serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2026. He is the prime ministerial candidate for the Nepali Congress in the 2026 general election.

Thapa is a four-time parliamentarian, having first been elected via proportional representation in 2008, and since 2013 has been elected from Kathmandu 4. He served as Minister of Health from August 2016 to May 2017, when he initiated health insurance and other widely popular facilities.
Gonzalo Lopez
Gonzalo Artemio Lopez (February 10, 1976 – June 2, 2022) was an American fugitive and mass murderer who killed a total of six people in separate murders in 2005 and 2022. In 2005, Lopez kidnapped and murdered a man in Weslaco, Texas. He was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to life in prison. In May 2022, Lopez received international attention when he escaped from prison custody by assaulting a corrections officer and fleeing from a prison bus. He became a wanted fugitive and evaded authorities for three weeks. On June 2, Lopez broke into a ranch and murdered five people from the same family, including three children, before stealing weapons and a pickup truck. Later that same day, police spotted Lopez and engaged in a shootout with him after a high-speed chase, where he was fatally shot during the exchange of gunfire.

Weslaco, Texas
Weslaco (/ˈwɛsləkoʊ/ WESS-lə-koh) is a city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 41,103, Studies from 2023 show the population is 43,053  and in 2020 the estimated population was 40,160. It is at the southern tip of Texas in the Rio Grande Valley near the Mexican border, across the Rio Grande from the city of Nuevo Progreso, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas.

Weslaco derives its name from the W.E. Stewart Land Company. It was the hometown of Harlon Block, one of the Marines photographed raising the flag at Iwo Jima, and of film and television actor David Spielberg.
Kung-Fu Chess
Kung-Fu Chess is a chess variant that removes the concept of turns and allows multiple pieces to move simultaneously. It was created by Shizmoo Games as a "real-time" in the early 2000s and remained on the company's website until the website shut down in 2008. Other online servers have since appeared. It won an award in the 2002 Independent Games Festival.

Independent Games Festival
The Independent Games Festival (IGF) is an annual festival at the Game Developers Conference (GDC), the largest annual gathering of the independent video game industry. Originally founded in 1998 to promote independent video game developers, and innovation in video game development by CMP Media, later known as UBM Technology Group, IGF is now owned by Informa after UBM's acquisition.

The IGF competition awards a total of $50,000 in prizes to independent developers in Main Competition and Student Competition categories and held around the same time as the Game Developers Choice Awards event.

From 2007 to 2010, there was a separate event called IGF Mobile for mobile phone games.
The Sonics
The Sonics are an American garage rock band from Tacoma, Washington, that formed in 1960. Their aggressive, hard-edged sound has been a major influence on punk and garage music worldwide, and they have been named inspirations to the White Stripes, LCD Soundsystem, Nirvana, The Hives, and other musical artists.

The band performed several early rock standards such as "Louie, Louie", and "Skinny Minnie" as well as original compositions like "Strychnine", "Psycho", and "The Witch". Their catalogue is generally based around simple chord progressions, often performed with a speed and tonal aggression that was novel for the time, making the band a notable influence on later punk rock bands, such as the Stooges and the Cramps.

The Witch (song)
"The Witch" is a song by the American garage rock band the Sonics, written by vocalist Gerry Roslie, and first released as the group's debut single in November 1964. It also appears on the Sonics' debut album Here Are the Sonics. Among the most frantic and heaviest rock recordings of the era, "The Witch" is regarded as quintessential in the development of punk rock despite the fact the tune never reached national success. Since the song's original release, "The Witch" has appeared on numerous compilation albums, most notably the 1998 reissue of Nuggets: Original Artyfacts from the First Psychedelic Era, 1965–1968.
Skomrak
Skomrak is a village in Lyngdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located near the northern end of the Rosfjorden, about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) south of the town of Lyngdal. The village of Svenevik lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) straight west across the fjord.

The Skomrak area is divided into three parts called Skomrak Indre (in the north), Skomrak (in the central part), and Skomrak Ytre (in the south). Prior to the merger in 1964, the border between Lyngdal municipality and Austad municipality ran right between Skomrak and Skomrak Ytre.

The 0.18-square-kilometre (44-acre) village has a population (2023) of 276, giving the village a population density of 1,533.33 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,971.3/sq mi).  Most of the residents live in Skomrak Ytre where there is  a large residential development.

Svenevik
Svenevik is a village in Lyngdal municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the Rosfjorden, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the town of Lyngdal. The small village of Skomrak is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) straight east across the fjord.  The 0.28-square-kilometre (69-acre) village has a population (2015) of 321, giving the village a population density of 1,146 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,970/sq mi).
Bernard Kettlewell
Henry Bernard Davis Kettlewell (24 February 1907 – 11 May 1979) was a British geneticist, lepidopterist and medical doctor, who performed research on the influence of industrial melanism on peppered moth (Biston betularia) coloration, showing why moths are darker in polluted areas. This experiment is cited as a classic demonstration of natural selection in action. After live video record of the experiment with Niko Tinbergen, Sewall Wright called the study as "the clearest case in which a conspicuous evolutionary process has actually been observed."

Peppered moth
The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a temperate species of night-flying moth. It is mostly found in the northern hemisphere in places like Asia, Europe and North America.  Peppered moth evolution is an example of population genetics and natural selection.

The caterpillars of the peppered moth not only mimic the form but also the colour of a twig. Recent research indicates that the caterpillars can sense the twig's colour with their skin and match their body colour to the background to protect themselves from predators.
Greater Manchester bus route 192
Greater Manchester bus route 192 is a high frequency bus route that runs between Hazel Grove Park & Ride or Stepping Hill Hospital in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport and Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre. It is operated by Stagecoach Manchester.

Hazel Grove
Hazel Grove is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. The built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 20,170 at the 2021 census.
Victoria Road (Dagenham)
Victoria Road, currently known as the Chigwell Construction Stadium for sponsorship purposes, is a football stadium located in Dagenham, Greater London, England. The stadium has a capacity of 6,078 and is the home ground of Dagenham & Redbridge and West Ham United Women.

West Ham United F.C. Women
West Ham United Women Football Club is an English women's football club affiliated with West Ham United. The club plays in the Women's Super League, the top tier of English women's football. They were formed in 1991 and play home games at Dagenham & Redbridge's Chigwell Construction Stadium on Victoria Road.
New Boss
"New Boss" is the twentieth episode of the fifth season of the television series The Office and the 92nd overall episode of the series. It originally aired on NBC in the United States on March 19, 2009. In the episode, Michael Scott is disturbed by the arrival of his new no-nonsense superior Charles Miner, played by The Wire star Idris Elba, making his first of six slated guest appearances with The Office. Meanwhile, Jim struggles to make a good impression on Charles, and Angela and Kelly both develop crushes on their new boss.

The episode was written by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky, and directed by Paul Feig. It received generally positive reviews from television critics, particularly for the twist of Michael's resignation, which multiple reviewers said added a fresh new change to the series. According to Nielsen ratings, "New Boss" was watched by 7.95 million overall viewers in its original airing.

Michael Scott (The Office)
Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character in the NBC sitcom The Office, portrayed by Steve Carell. Michael is the regional manager of the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of Dunder Mifflin, a paper company, for the majority of the series. Like his counterpart in the original British version of the show, David Brent, he is characterized as a largely incompetent, unproductive, unprofessional boss, though he is depicted as kinder and occasionally shown to be effective at his job in key moments.

Towards the end of the seventh season, he marries human resources representative Holly Flax and moves to Colorado with her in "Goodbye, Michael", an extended episode. He is then absent from the series until the finale.

Carell received significant critical acclaim for his performance. He was nominated six consecutive times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series, and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series (Musical or Comedy) in 2006.
Ghent–Terneuzen Canal
The Ghent–Terneuzen Canal (Dutch: Kanaal van Gent naar Terneuzen), also known as the "Sea Canal" (Zeekanaal) is a canal linking Ghent in Belgium to the port of Terneuzen on the Westerschelde (Scheldt) Estuary in the Netherlands, thereby providing the former with better access to the sea.

Terneuzen
Terneuzen (Dutch pronunciation: [tərˈnøːzə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With almost 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.
Shantanu Gupta
Shantanu Gupta is an Indian author and political analyst. He is also the founder of The Ramayana School. Gupta has authored ten books including Bharatiya Janata Party: Past, Present and Future – story of the World's Largest Political Party and The Monk Who Became Chief Minister which is biography of the 22nd and current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh - Yogi Adityanath. Gupta has written the sequel of Yogi Adityanath's biography The Monk Who Transformed Uttar Pradesh  and graphic novel on the same, Ajay to Yogi Adityanath. Gupta is the first author to introduce a political comic in India for the first time voters for the 2024 general elections, titled, 101 Reasons Why I Will Vote for Modi.

The Monk Who Became Chief Minister
The Monk Who Became Chief Minister : The Definitive Biography Of Yogi Adityanath is a biography of Yogi Adityanath, the 22nd Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. It is written by Shantanu Gupta, an Indian author and political analyst. The book has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing, India and came out on 25 August 2017. The cover of the biography was released on 23 July 2017 at an event of CREDAI at Lucknow.
Jaak Boon
Jaak Boon (born 1948 in Brussels) is a Belgian television writer, director and producer who specializes in the production of comedy.

Mainly a writer for Belgian television, Boon has written for a number of popular mainstream comedies in Belgium such as De Kotmadam since 1991 working with director Ronnie Commissaris. Boon co-wrote the series with Frans Ceusters.

Frans Ceusters
Frans Ceusters is a Flemish television writer.

Mainly a writer for Belgian television, Ceusters is probably best known for his writing of De Kotmadam since 1991 wit working co-writer Jaak Boon. and with director Ronnie Commissaris. Since 1998, Ceusters has written the script for Alle maten.
1993 Fivemiletown ambush
On 12 December 1993, a unit of the Provisional Irish Republican Army's (IRA) East Tyrone Brigade ambushed a two-men unmarked mobile patrol of the RUC in Fivemiletown, County Tyrone. Two constables (Andrew Beacom and Ernest Smith) were shot and killed instantly. A military helicopter was also fired at by a second IRA unit in the aftermath of the incident, during a follow-up operation launched in the surroundings of the town by both the British Army and the RUC. A number of suspects were questioned, but the perpetrators escaped. The action occurred just three days before the Downing Street Declaration.

Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade
The East Tyrone Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), also known as the Tyrone/Monaghan Brigade was one of the most active republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland during "the Troubles". It is believed to have drawn its membership from across the eastern side of County Tyrone as well as north County Monaghan and south County Londonderry.
Kurino, Kagoshima
Kurino (栗野町, Kurino-chō) was a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,022 and the density of 89.28 persons per km2. The total area was 89.85 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Kurino, along with the town of Yoshimatsu (also from Aira District), was merged to create the town of Yūsui and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Yoshimatsu, Kagoshima
Yoshimatsu (吉松町, Yoshimatsu-chō) was a town located in Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,818 and the density of 88.44 persons per km2. The total area was 54.48 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Yoshimatsu, along with the town of Kurino (also from Aira District), was merged to create the town of Yūsui and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Permutation box
In cryptography, a permutation box (or P-box) is a method of bit-shuffling used to permute or transpose bits across S-boxes inputs, creating diffusion while transposing.

In block ciphers based on substitution-permutation network, the P-boxes, together with the "substitution" S-boxes are used to make the relation between the plaintext and the ciphertext difficult to understand (see Shannon's Confusion and diffusion). P-boxes are typically classified as compression, expansion, and straight, depending on whether the number of output bits is less than, greater than, or equal to the number of input bits, respectively. Only straight P-boxes are invertible.

S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear vectorial Boolean function.

In general, an S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n, where n is not necessarily equal to m.  An m×n S-box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key (e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms).
Turnin' On
Turnin' On is the debut album by the group High Inergy. It was released on Motown's Gordy label in 1977.

The album was mostly produced by Kent Washburn, who produced all but three songs from album. He produced "You Can't Turn Me Off (In the Middle of Turning Me On)" and "Love Is All You Need", the two singles off the album.

The album reached No. 6 on Billboard's Black Album chart and No. 28 on the Top 200 Pop Album chart.

You Can't Turn Me Off (In the Middle of Turning Me On)
"You Can't Turn Me Off (In the Middle of Turning Me On)" is the first single by the R&B girl group High Inergy, released in 1977. It was written by Pam Sawyer and Marilyn McLeod and was produced by Kent Washburn and arranged by Sylvester Rivers. It was from their first album, Turnin' On. Originally recorded by Millie Jackson, it was the lead track on her lp "Lovingly Yours" released the previous year.

The song reached No. 2 on the Billboard Black Singles chart and No. 12 on the Hot 100 chart in December 1977.  The song was also parodied by Carol Burnett on her weekly television show.

The B-side, "Save It for a Rainy Day", was co-written by James Ingram.
Johann Voldemar Jannsen
Johann Voldemar Jannsen (16 May [O.S. 4 May] 1819 – 13 July [O.S. 1 July] 1890) was an Estonian journalist. He was one of the earliest figures of the Estonian national awakening, which he promoted through his newspaper, the Eesti Postimees, and two Estonian Song Festivals. He wrote the nationalist song "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm", which became the national anthem of Estonia after its independence. Jannsen was the father of poet Lydia Koidula.

Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm
"Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" is the national anthem of Estonia, originally adopted in 1920 (readopted 1990).

The lyrics were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen and are set to a melody composed in 1848 by Fredrik Pacius, which is also that of the Finnish national anthem "Maamme", then the unofficial anthem of the Grand Duchy of Finland. The only differences between the two anthems are their key signature and the repetition of the last four lines of each verse in the Finnish anthem. The melody is also used as an ethnic anthem of the Livonian people, titled "Min izāmō".