hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cas9
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9, formerly Cas5, Csn1, or Csx12) is a DNA cutting enzyme that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted to be used as a CRISPR genome editing tool that enables targeted modification of DNA sequences and permanently changes a cell’s genome.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used in genetic engineering, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Cas9 introduces site-specific double-stranded breaks in DNA, enabling gene inactivation, removal, or insertion through cellular repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination. Variants of Cas9, including Cas9 nickase (Cas9n), that create single-strand breaks, and versions recognizing different PAM sequences, have been developed to address limitations in CRISPR-Cas9 editing.

The development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has raised ethical and regulatory concerns, particularly regarding human germline editing and genetic enhancement.

Guide RNA
Guide RNA (gRNA) or single guide RNA (sgRNA) is a short sequence of RNA that functions as a guide for the Cas9-endonuclease or other Cas-proteins that cut the double-stranded DNA and thereby can be used for gene editing. In bacteria and archaea, gRNAs are a part of the CRISPR-Cas system that serves as an adaptive immune defense that protects the organism from viruses. Here the short gRNAs serve as detectors of foreign DNA and direct the Cas-enzymes that degrades the foreign nucleic acid.
Tommy Bolin
Thomas Richard Bolin (August 1, 1951 – December 4, 1976) was an American rock guitarist and songwriter who played with Zephyr (from 1969 to 1971), the James Gang (from 1973 to 1974) and Deep Purple (from 1975 to 1976), in addition to maintaining a career as a solo artist and session musician, notably for Billy Cobham on his 1973 album Spectrum.

Spectrum (Billy Cobham album)
Spectrum is the debut solo album by jazz fusion drummer Billy Cobham.

The song "Stratus" appears in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV on the radio station "Fusion FM", as well as being the main sample in the Massive Attack hit "Safe from Harm".
Josif Marinković
Josif Marinković (Serbian Cyrillic: Јосиф Маринковић; Vranjevo, near Novi Bečej, 15 September 1851 – Belgrade, 13 May 1931) was a Serbian composer and choral director. Like his younger contemporary Stevan St. Mokranjac, he was devoted to mainly vocal genres—lied and choral. Marinković was a romanticist with a pronounced affinity for melodic expression. He invested exceptional attention to the text declamation, which represented a rather novel quality in Serbian music at the time.

Petar Krstić
Petar Krstić (February 18, 1877 – January 21, 1957) was a Serbian composer and conductor known throughout Yugoslavia.

Born in Belgrade, Krstić studied under the Austrian composer Robert Fuchs and the Bohemian-Austrian musicologist Guido Adler in Vienna. He worked as a conductor and pedagogue in Belgrade as well as musical leader of Belgrade radio. His most famous operas include Zulumcar (1927) and Ženidba Jankovic Stojana (1948). He is best known for his overtures, chamber music, and choir works.
Miyuri Shimabukuro
Miyuri Shimabukuro (Japanese: 島袋 美由利, Hepburn: Shimabukuro Miyuri; born December 6, 1994) is a Japanese voice actress from Okinawa Prefecture who is affiliated with Office Osawa. After debuting as a voice actress in 2017, she played her first main roles in 2018 as Yuuna Yunohana in the anime series Yuuna and the Haunted Hot Springs, Nagisa Aragaki in the anime series Hanebado! and Inca Kasugatani in Fire Force.

Hanebado!
Hanebado! (はねバド!), also known as The Badminton Play of Ayano Hanesaki! or Hanebad!, is a Japanese manga series by Kōsuke Hamada. It was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Good! Afternoon from June 2013 to October 2019, with its chapters collected in 16 tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation produced by Liden Films aired from July to October 2018.
Cradle of Liberty Council
The Cradle of Liberty Council (#525) is a Scouting America council created in 1996 with the merger of the former Philadelphia Council (covering the city and county of Philadelphia) and the former Valley Forge Council (covering Delaware and Montgomery counties).

Musser Scout Reservation
Musser Scout Reservation is a Boy Scouts of America camp located along the Unami Creek on over 1,400 acres (6 km2) of Marlborough Township, Pennsylvania.  The Reservation is made up of three distinct camps: Camp Delmont, Camp Hart, and Camp Garrison.  The reservation is part of the largest contiguous forest in Southeastern Pennsylvania. The camp is owned by the Cradle of Liberty Council.

The Cradle of Liberty Council, Natural Lands, Montgomery County Lands Trust, and Montgomery County signed a perpetual conservation easement permanently protecting over 1,200 acres (5 km2) of the Musser Scout Reservation.
Zenati languages
The Zenati languages are a branch of the Northern Berber language family of North Africa. They were named after the medieval Zenata Berber tribal confederation. They were first proposed in the works of French linguist Edmond Destaing (1915) (1920–23). Zenata dialects are distributed across the central Berber world (Maghreb), from northeastern Morocco to just west of Algiers, and the northern Sahara, from southwestern Algeria around Béchar to Zuwara in Libya. The most widely spoken Zenati languages are Tmazight of the Rif in northern Morocco and Tashawit Berber in northeastern Algeria, each of which have over 3 million speakers.

Zenata
The Zenata (Berber languages: ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵜⵏ, romanized: Iznaten; Arabic: زناتة, romanized: Zanāta) are a group of Berber tribes, historically one of the largest Berber confederations along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda. Their lifestyle was either nomadic or semi-nomadic.
Mount Tullu Dimtu
Tullu Dimtu (Oromo: Tulluu Diimtuu) is the fourth highest peak in Ethiopia after Ras Dashen (4550m), Ancua (4462m), and Kidus Yared (4453m).

Tullu Dimtu is on the Sanetti Plateau in the Bale Mountains of Oromia Region in southeast Ethiopia, within Bale Mountains National Park. It forms part of the divide between the drainage basins of the Weyib and Shebelle Rivers.

A rough gravel road, the third highest in Africa, leads to the top of Tullu Dimtu.

Sanetti Plateau
The Sanetti Plateau is a major plateau of the Ethiopian Highlands, in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The plateau is the highest part of the Bale Mountains, and is located within Bale Mountains National Park.
Bobby Coleman
Robert Moorhouse Coleman III (born May 5, 1997) is an American actor.  He is best known for his roles as a child actor in the films Martian Child (2007), as the title character, and The Last Song (2010).

Martian Child
Martian Child is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Menno Meyjes and based on David Gerrold's 1994 novelette (not the expanded 2002 novel) of the same name. The film stars John Cusack as a writer who adopts a strange young boy (Bobby Coleman) who believes himself to be from Mars. The film was theatrically released on November 2, 2007, by New Line Cinema.
Cendrillon (Julius Rudel recording)
Cendrillon is a 136-minute studio album of Jules Massenet's opera, performed by a cast led by Elizabeth Bainbridge, Jules Bastin, Jane Berbié, Teresa Cahill, Nicolai Gedda, Frederica von Stade, and Ruth Welting with the Ambrosian Opera Chorus and the Philharmonia Orchestra under the direction of Julius Rudel. It was released in 1979.

Julius Rudel
Julius Rudel (6 March 1921 – 26 June 2014) was an Austrian-born American opera and orchestra conductor. He was born in Vienna and was a student at the city's Academy of Music. He immigrated to the United States at the age of 17 in 1938 after the country was annexed by Germany.

He studied conducting at the Mannes College of Music in New York City. After completing his music studies, he joined the New York City Opera. He died on 26 June 2014 at the age of 93.
Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom
Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom (Urdu: جامعہ اسلامیہ اشاعت العلوم) is an educational institution located in Akkalkuwa, Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India. Established in 1979 by Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi, the institution provides a combination of traditional Islamic education and contemporary academic disciplines, including engineering, medicine, and pharmacy.

Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi
Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi (1 June 1950 – 4 May 2025), also written as Ghulam Mohammed Vastanvi, was an Indian Islamic scholar and educationist, known for his efforts to incorporate contemporary disciplines into traditional Islamic education. He was the founder and rector of Jamia Islamia Ishaatul Uloom in Akkalkuwa, Maharashtra. This institution hosts India's first minority-owned medical college recognized by the Medical Council of India (MCI). Vastanvi also briefly served as the Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband in 2011.
2025 Hastings District Council election
The 2025 Hastings District Council election was a local election held from 9 September to 11 October in the Hastings District of New Zealand as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Voters elected the mayor of Hastings and 15 district councillors for the 2025–2028 term of the Hastings District Council. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.

Councillor Wendy Schollum won the mayoralty, with fellow councillor Marcus Buddo coming in second-place.

The council introduced a Māori ward at the 2022 election. In a referendum on its future held at this election, as part of a nation-wide series of referendums, voters elected to remove the Māori ward for future elections.

2025 Hawke's Bay Regional Council election
The 2025 Hawke's Bay Regional Council election was a local election held from 9 September to 11 October in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand, as part of that year's nation-wide local elections. Postal voting and the first-past-the-post voting system were used.

The Hawke's Bay Regional Council is made up of 11 councillors elected from 7 constituencies: Ahuriri/Napier (three councillors), Heretaunga/Hastings (three councillors), Wairoa, Ngaruroro, Tamatea/Central Hawke's Bay and two Māori constituencies (Māui ki te Raki and Māui ki te Tonga).
Thomas Case (cricketer, born 1844)
Thomas Case (Liverpool, 14 July 1844 – Falmouth, 31 October 1925) was an English academic, philosopher, sportsman and author.

Case was educated at Rugby and Balliol. He was Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, from 1868 to 1870; Tutor at Balliol from 1870 to 1876; and on the staff of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, from then onwards. He was Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford from 1889 to 1910; and President of Corpus  from 1904 to 1924.

Case was also a first-class cricketer (active 1864–1869) who played for Oxford University and Middlesex.  He played in 35 first-class matches. He was a righthanded batsman who totalled 982 career runs with a highest score of 116. His sons, William and Thomas, were also first-class cricketers.

He married Elizabeth Donn (1848–1927), the daughter of composer William Sterndale Bennett and he was buried on 4 November in Wolvercote cemetery, near Oxford.

William Case (cricketer)
William Sterndale Case (24 August 1873 – 18 March 1922) was an English first-class cricketer.

Case was born at Oxford in August 1873 to the cricketer Thomas Case. He was educated at Winchester College, before going up to the Magdalen College, Oxford. He appeared in two first-class cricket matches, the first of which came for the Gentlemen of England against Oxford University at Oxford in 1895, before making his second appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University at Oxford in 1896. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Case also played minor counties cricket for Oxfordshire between 1895–1906, making 23 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He died in March 1922 at St Giles', Oxford. His brother, Thomas, was also a first-class cricketer. His maternal grandfather was the composer William Sterndale Bennett.
Paramecium aurelia
Paramecium aurelia are  unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora. They are covered in cilia which help in movement and feeding.Paramecium can reproduce sexually, asexually, or by the process of endomixis. Paramecium aurelia demonstrate a strong "sex reaction" whereby groups of individuals will cluster together, and emerge in conjugant pairs. This pairing can last up to 12 hours, during which the micronucleus of each organism will be exchanged. In Paramecium aurelia, a cryptic species complex was discovered by observation. Since then, some have tried to decode this complex using genetic data.

Paramecium
Paramecium (/ˌpærəˈmiːs(i)əm/ PARR-ə-MEE-s(ee-)əm, /-siəm/ -⁠see-əm, plural "paramecia" only when used as a vernacular name) is a genus of eukaryotic, unicellular ciliates, widespread in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments. Paramecia are often abundant in stagnant basins and ponds. Because some species are readily cultivated and easily induced to conjugate and divide, they have been widely used in classrooms and laboratories to study biological processes. Paramecium species are commonly studied as model organisms of the ciliate group and have been characterized as the "white rats" of the phylum Ciliophora.
2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season
The 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the 152nd season of college football in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at its highest level of competition, the Football Bowl Subdivision. The regular season began on August 28, 2021, and ended on December 11, 2021. The postseason began on December 17, with the main games ending on January 10, 2022, with the College Football Playoff National Championship at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, and the all-star portion of the post-season concluding with the inaugural HBCU Legacy Bowl on February 19, 2022. It was the eighth season of the College Football Playoff (CFP) system.  It was the first time since 2016 that no major team finished the season undefeated as the Cincinnati Bearcats, the season's last undefeated team, were defeated in the 2021 Cotton Bowl Classic. The season's Heisman Trophy winner was Alabama Crimson Tide quarterback Bryce Young.

2021 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
The 2021 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously "Alabama", "Bama", or "The Tide") represented the University of Alabama in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. This season marked the Crimson Tide's 127th overall season, 88th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and 30th within the SEC Western Division. They played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and were led by 15th-year head coach Nick Saban.

Alabama entered the 2021 season as the defending consensus national champions and SEC champions and appeared in the 2022 College Football National Championship to defend their title against Georgia in a rematch from 2021 SEC Championship Game and 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship, after beating an undefeated Cincinnati in the College Football Playoff Semifinal. Alabama was defeated by Georgia in the National Championship game 33–18.
Liam Polworth
Liam Polworth (born 12 October 1994) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock. He has previously played for Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Motherwell and Dunfermline Athletic.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.
Inverness Caledonian Thistle Football Club, commonly known as Caley Thistle, Inverness CT or just Inverness, is a professional football club based in Inverness, Scotland. The team competes in Scottish League One, the third tier of the Scottish Professional Football League, and plays its home games at Caledonian Stadium.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle won the Scottish Cup in 2015, were runners-up in 2023 and were also runners-up in the Scottish League Cup in 2014. They have also won the Scottish Challenge Cup three times and the Scottish Football League First Division twice. Its highest Premiership position is third in 2014–15.
Menton
Menton (French: [mɑ̃tɔ̃]; Occitan: Menton in classical norm or Mentan in Mistralian norm, pronounced [menˈta], locally [mɛ(n)ˈtã]; Italian: Mentone [menˈtoːne]; Ligurian: Menton or Mentun depending on the orthography) is a resort town and commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region on the French Riviera, close to the Italian border.

Menton has always been a frontier town. Since the end of the 14th century, it has been on the border between the County of Nice, held by the Duke of Savoy, and the Republic of Genoa. It was an exclave of the Principality of Monaco until the disputed French plebiscite of 1860 when it was added to France. It had been always a fashionable tourist centre with grand mansions and gardens. Its temperate Mediterranean climate is especially favourable to the citrus industry, with which it is strongly identified.

County of Nice
The County of Nice (French: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois; Italian: Contea di Nizza / Paese Nizzardo; Niçard Occitan: Contèa de Niça / País Niçard) was a historical region of France and Italy located around the southeastern city of Nice and roughly equivalent to the modern arrondissement of Nice. It was part of the Savoyard state.
Polychrome
Polychrome is the "practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors." The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery, or sculpture in multiple colors.

When looking at artworks and architecture from antiquity and the European Middle Ages, people tend to believe that they were monochrome. In reality, the pre-Renaissance past was full of colour, and Greco-Roman sculptures and Gothic cathedrals, that are now white, beige, or grey, were initially painted in a variety of colours. As André Malraux stated: "Athens was never white but her statues, bereft of color, have conditioned the artistic sensibilities of Europe [...] the whole past has reached us colorless." Polychrome was and is a practice not limited only to the Western world. Non-Western artworks, like Chinese temples, Oceanian Uli figures, or Maya ceramic vases, were also decorated with colours.

Monochrome
A monochrome or monochromatic image, object or palette is composed of one color (or values of one color). Images using only shades of grey are called grayscale (typically digital) or black-and-white (typically analog). In physics, monochromatic light refers to electromagnetic radiation that contains a narrow band of wavelengths, which is a distinct concept.
Iron Fist Tag Team Championship
The Iron Fist Tag Team Championship (Japanese: IRON FIST TAG王者, Hepburn: Aian Fisto Taggu Ōza) is a professional wrestling tag team championship owned by the Pro-Wrestling Basara promotion, a former DDT Pro-Wrestling sub-brand before it became an independent promotion on January 1, 2020.

Like most professional wrestling championships, the title is won as a result of a scripted match. The current title holders are Daiki Shimomura and Takumi Tsukamoto.

Daiki Shimomura
Daiki Shimomura (下村 大樹, Shimomura Daiki; born January 9, 1998) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his tenure with the Japanese promotion DDT Pro Wrestling (DDT).
Conor Garland
Conor Garland (born March 11, 1996) is an American professional ice hockey player who is a winger for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Garland was drafted in the fifth round, 123rd overall, by the Arizona Coyotes in the 2015 NHL entry draft.

Prior to turning professional, Garland played for the Moncton Wildcats of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) where he was awarded the Michel Brière Memorial Trophy as the QMJHL most valuable player and twice selected for the QMJHL First All-Star team. After a successful stint with the Coyotes' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Tucson Roadrunners, he played parts of three NHL seasons before the Coyotes traded him to the Canucks.

Tucson Roadrunners
The Tucson Roadrunners are a professional ice hockey team based in Tucson, Arizona. They are the American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate of the National Hockey League's (NHL) Utah Mammoth. They play their home games at the Tucson Convention Center.

In April 2016, the Arizona Coyotes announced they would relocate their AHL affiliate, the Springfield Falcons, to Tucson ahead of the 2016–17 season. Following the 2023–24 season, the Coyotes were deactivated by the NHL, and their operations were transferred to a new team in Utah. Owner Alex Meruelo was given a five-year window to reactivate the Coyotes if a new arena was secured, but he abandoned the plan after a land auction was canceled. The Roadrunners announced they would remain in Tucson as the AHL affiliate for the Mammoth, with Meruelo retaining his ownership of the Roadrunners.
Cucurbita radicans
Cucurbita radicans, commonly known in Mexico as calabacilla (little pumpkin/gourd) or calabaza de coyote (coyote gourd),  is a species of gourd found growing wild, but also cultivated, in southern Mexico (specifically in the Federal Districts of Jalisco, Mexico and Michoacán). The type specimen was collected growing in rocks below a mountain near Guadalupe in the vicinity of Mexico City (the exact location is unclear); other specimens were also ubiquitous in the area; in corn fields and gardens, either being cultivated, or as invaders. It is a close relative of Cucurbita pedatifolia.

Cucurbita pedatifolia
Cucurbita pedatifolia is a xerophyte plant species of the genus Cucurbita. It is native to Querétaro, Mexico. It has not been domesticated. While C. pedatifolia has been cross bred, results have met with limited success. It does not cross well with other species of Cucurbita. It is a close relative of Cucurbita radicans. Geographic location and genetics make it highly likely that Cucurbita scabridifolia  is a naturally occurring hybrid of Cucurbita foetidissima and C. pedatifolia. It also has some mesophyte traits may represent a transitional state between the mesophytic Cucurbita and the xerophytic Cucurbita.

The species was formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1943, in Gentes Herbarum. Cucurbita moorei was at one time described as a separate species native to the vicinity of Ixmiquilpan, Mexico within Cucurbita, but now is considered a synonym for C. pedatifolia.

Cucurbita pedatifolia was first formally described by Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1948, in Gentes Herbarum.
Category of Markov kernels
In mathematics, the category of Markov kernels, often denoted Stoch, is the category whose objects are measurable spaces and whose morphisms are Markov kernels.

It is analogous to the category of sets and functions, but where the arrows can be interpreted as being stochastic.

Several variants of this category are used in the literature. For example, one can use subprobability kernels instead of probability kernels, or more general s-finite kernels.
Also, one can take as morphisms equivalence classes of Markov kernels under almost sure equality; see below.

Giry monad
In mathematics, the Giry monad is a construction that assigns to a measurable space a space of probability measures over it, equipped with a canonical sigma-algebra. It is one of the main examples of a probability monad.

It is implicitly used in probability theory whenever one considers probability measures which depend measurably on a parameter (giving rise to Markov kernels), or when one has probability measures over probability measures (such as in de Finetti's theorem).

Like many iterable constructions, it has the category-theoretic structure of a monad, on the category of measurable spaces.