hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Growth rate (group theory)
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the growth rate of a group with respect to a symmetric generating set describes how fast a group grows.  Every element in the group can be written as a product of generators, and the growth rate counts the number of elements that can be written as a product of length n.

Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth
In geometric group theory, Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth, first proved by Mikhail Gromov, characterizes finitely generated groups of polynomial growth, as those groups which have nilpotent subgroups of finite index.
Jim Paciorek
James Joseph Paciorek (born June 7, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player. He played first base, third base, and the outfield for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He also played with the Yokohama Taiyo Whales and Hanshin Tigers in the Japanese Central League.

His two older brothers, John and Tom, also played in the major leagues.

Tom Paciorek
Thomas Marian Paciorek (/pəˈtʃɔːrɛk/ pə-CHOR-ek; born November 2, 1946) is an American former outfielder and first baseman who spent 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Los Angeles Dodgers (1970–1975), Atlanta Braves (1976–1978), Seattle Mariners (1978–1981), Chicago White Sox (1982–1985), New York Mets (1985) and Texas Rangers (1986–1987). He appeared twice in the postseason, with the National League (NL) champion Dodgers in 1974 and the American League (AL) West-winning White Sox in 1983.

Following his retirement as an active player, he worked as a color commentator for various MLB clubs, most notably the White Sox, on whose telecasts he was teamed with Ken Harrelson throughout the 1990s. Paciorek was known by the nickname "Wimpy," which was given to him by Tommy Lasorda after a dinner with minor league teammates in which he was the only one to order a hamburger instead of steak.
Megatone Records
Megatone Records was an independent music label specializing in disco and created in San Francisco in 1981 by Patrick Cowley and Marty Blecman. The label name was derived from Cowley's 1981 high energy disco song, "Megatron Man". In 1983, musician Sylvester became a partner of Megatone Records. Some of the artists involved include: Patrick Cowley, Jeanie Tracy, Sylvester, Modern Rocketry, Sarah Dash, Patti LaBelle, and Paul Parker.

Jeanie Tracy
Jeanie Tracy is an American singer-songwriter, actress, and record producer. She rose to fame in the late 1970s as a background singer of Sylvester, an American disco singer. Her first album, Me and You (1982), featured post-disco hits "I'm Your Jeanie","Sing Your Own Song" and the overlooked  1983 smash R&B and Funk hit,"Can I Come Over And Play With You Tonight". From late 1984 to early 1985, she performed on television Show Star Search where she was the winner in the Female Vocalist category for six weeks. In 1995, Tracy released her second album It's My Time.

In 2012, Tracy portrayed gospel singer Mahalia Jackson in the theater production Mahalia: A Gospel Singer. She released an extended play Making New Friends (2015), which features past singles.

Throughout her career, Tracy has scored four number-one dance singles: "The Power" (2001), "Cha Cha Heels" (2004), "Party People" (2006), and "Livin' for Your Love (Your Love)" (2016).
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935 film)
A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1935 American film adaptation of the Shakespearean play of the same name. It is directed by Max Reinhardt and William Dieterle, produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, and stars James Cagney, Mickey Rooney, Olivia de Havilland (in her film debut), Jean Muir, Joe E. Brown, Dick Powell, Ross Alexander, Anita Louise, Victor Jory and Ian Hunter. The screenplay, written by Charles Kenyon and Mary C. McCall Jr., is adapted from Reinhardt's Hollywood Bowl production of the play from the previous year.

Felix Mendelssohn's music was extensively used, as re-orchestrated by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. The ballet sequences featuring the fairies were choreographed by Ballets Russes veteran Bronislava Nijinska.

The film opened on October 9, 1935. It initially received mixed reviews and was a financial failure, but retrospective reviews have been far more positive, and it is considered one of the best film versions of Shakespeare's play.

Joe E. Brown
Joseph Evans Brown (July 28, 1891 – July 6, 1973) was an American actor and comedian, remembered for his friendly screen persona, comic timing, and enormous, elastic-mouth smile. He was one of the most popular American comedians in the 1930s and 1940s, and enjoyed lengthy careers in both motion pictures and radio. Later he became a character actor and comedian, as in Some Like It Hot (1959), in which he utters the film's famous punchline "Well, nobody's perfect."
Exposure (photography)
In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area reaching a frame of photographic film or the surface of an electronic image sensor. It is determined by exposure time, lens f-number, and scene luminance. Exposure is measured in units of lux-seconds (symbol lx⋅s), and can be computed from exposure value (EV) and scene luminance in a specified region.

An "exposure" is a single shutter cycle. For example, a long exposure refers to a single, long shutter cycle to gather enough dim light, whereas a multiple exposure involves a series of shutter cycles, effectively layering a series of photographs in one image. The accumulated photometric exposure (Hv) is the same so long as the total exposure time is the same.

Sensitometry
Sensitometry is the scientific study of light-sensitive materials, especially photographic film. The study has its origins in the work by Ferdinand Hurter and Vero Charles Driffield (circa 1876) with early black-and-white emulsions. They determined how the density of silver produced varied with the amount of light received, and the method and time of development.
Onion News Network
Onion News Network is a parody television news show produced by The Onion that originated as a YouTube video series in 2007 and was further developed into a 22 minute television program in 2011, with two seasons of ten episodes aired on IFC.

In September 2024, The Onion relaunched Onion News Network on its YouTube page, starring former MSNBC host Joshua Johnson as ONN anchor Dwight Richmond, as well as the return as Jeremy Beiler as ONN (now senior) correspondent Jason Copeland.

Joshua Johnson (journalist)
Joshua Johnson (born March 22, 1980) is an American journalist. He is the former host of 1A, which is produced by WAMU and nationally distributed by NPR. In 2019, he joined MSNBC and hosted The Week with Joshua Johnson; he later hosted Now Tonight with Joshua Johnson on NBC News Now. Since 2024, he has appeared in videos for The Onion, a news satire organization.
The Trouble with Maggie Cole
The Trouble with Maggie Cole is a British comedy-drama television series directed by Ben Gregor, and written by Mark Brotherhood. The show's first episode premiered on British television network ITV on 4 March 2020. It stars Dawn French in the role of Maggie Cole as well as Mark Heap, Julie Hesmondhalgh, Vicki Pepperdine, Patrick Robinson, Emily Reid and Gwyneth Keyworth.

Mark Heap
Mark Heap (born 13 May 1957) is a British actor and comedian. Television credits include Ghost Train (1991), Smith & Jones (1997–1998), Brass Eye  (1997–2001), Kiss Me Kate (1998), The Zig and Zag Show (1998), How Do You Want Me? (1998–1999), Stressed Eric (1998–2000), Green Wing (2004–2007), Spaced (1999–2001), The Strangerers (2000), Jam (2000), Doc Martin (2000), Happiness (2001–2003), Lark Rise to Candleford (2008–2011), Desperate Romantics (2009), Friday Night Dinner (2011–2020), Upstart Crow (2016–2018), and Benidorm (2017–2018).

Film credits include About a Boy (2002), Stardust (2007), The World's End (2013), Time Travel Is Dangerous (2024).
2015 Tippeligaen
The 2015 Tippeligaen was the 71st completed season of top-tier football in Norway. The competition began on 6 April 2015, one week later than in the previous season.  A short summer-break in June was scheduled between the rounds played on 12 July and 26 July, and the decisive match was played on 8 November 2015. Molde were the defending champions. Sandefjord, Tromsø and Mjøndalen joined as the promoted clubs from the 2014 1. divisjon. They replaced Brann, Sogndal and Sandnes Ulf who were relegated to the 2015 1. divisjon.

Mjøndalen IF Fotball
Mjøndalen IF Fotball – commonly known as Mjøndalen IF, and colloquially as Mjøndar'n or MIF – is the football department of Mjøndalen IF. Founded in 1910, the club is located in Mjøndalen, Buskerud, Norway. The team plays its home matches in the 4,350-capacity Consto Arena. Mjøndalen competes in 2. divisjon, the third tier in the Norwegian football league system, having been relegated from the Norwegian First Division at the end of the 2025 season.
Encyclopedia of Domestic Animation
The Encyclopedia of Domestic Animation (Russian: Энциклопедия отечественной мультипликации; transliterated Entsiklopediya otechestvennoy multiplikatsiyi) is a collection of biographies and filmographies of the masters of Russian and Soviet animation. It was released at the 12th Open Russian Festival of Animated Film in March 2007, and its general release happened on March 11. It is the first attempt at recording the complete history of Russian and Soviet animation.

History of Russian animation
The history of Russian animation is the visual art form produced by Russian animation makers. As most of Russia's production of animation for cinema and television were created during Soviet times, it may also be referred to some extent as the history of Soviet animation. It remains a nearly unexplored field in film theory and history outside Russia.
Edward Leo Delaney
Edward Leopold Delaney (December 12, 1885 – July 1, 1972) was an American broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. He was indicted for treason in 1943, but the charges were dropped after the war due to a lack of evidence.

Robert Henry Best
Robert Henry Best (April 16, 1896 – December 16, 1952) was an American foreign correspondent who covered events in Europe for American media outlets during the interwar period. He later became a supporter of the Nazis and a well-known broadcaster of Nazi propaganda during World War II. After the war, Best was arrested and returned to the United States to stand trial for collaboration. In 1948, Best was convicted of treason and sentenced to life imprisonment. He died in prison in 1952.
Tyburn
Tyburn was a manor (estate) in London, Middlesex, England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone.  Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook, a tributary of the River Westbourne. The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'.

The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road) and south (modern Oxford Street). The junction of these was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch. For many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment: it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors, including many religious martyrs. In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included a sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City – at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate.

St Giles, London
St Giles is an area in London, England and is located in the London Borough of Camden. It is in Central London and part of the West End. The area gets its name from the parish church of St Giles in the Fields. The combined parishes of St Giles in the Fields and St George Bloomsbury (which was carved out of the former) were administered jointly for many centuries, leading to the conflation of the two, with much or all of St Giles usually taken to be a part of Bloomsbury.
Points of interest include the church of St Giles in the Fields, Seven Dials, the Phoenix Garden, and St Giles Circus.
Josef Friedrich Schmidt
Josef Friedrich Schmidt (24 November 1871 – 28 September 1948) was a German board game inventor.

Schmidt was the inventor of board game Mensch ärgere Dich nicht. He invented the game in 1907/1908. He gave his name to the board game publisher Schmidt Spiele.

Schmidt Spiele
Schmidt Spiele GmbH is a German board game publisher based in Berlin. Founded in Munich, the company develops and distributes board games, card games, puzzles, plush and wooden toys for various target groups. With well-known classics such as Mensch ärgere Dich nicht®, Kniffel®, and DOG®, as well as award-winning games like Auf Achse and Qwirkle™, Schmidt Spiele is one of the most traditional providers in the German boardgame industry. The publisher has been part of Good Time Holding since 1997 and regularly participates in major national and international game fairs. In addition to classic products, Schmidt Spiele also offers digital game versions.
Case Closed: Zero's Tea Time
Case Closed: Zero's Tea Time, also known as Detective Conan: Zero's Tea Time (Japanese: 名探偵コナン ゼロの日常（ティータイム）, Hepburn: Meitantei Konan Zero No Tī Taimu), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takahiro Arai. It is a spin-off of the Case Closed manga by Gosho Aoyama, with Aoyama supervising the project, and is centered on the character Toru Amuro. The first part of the story was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from May 2018 to May 2022. A six-episode anime television series adaptation produced by TMS Entertainment was broadcast from April to May 2022.

Arai launched another spin-off in Weekly Shōnen Sunday, titled Detective Conan: Police Academy Arc – Wild Police Story, which ran from October 2019 to November 2020.

Weekly Shōnen Sunday
Weekly Shōnen Sunday (Japanese: 週刊少年サンデー, Hepburn: Shūkan Shōnen Sandē) is a weekly shōnen manga magazine published in Japan by Shogakukan since March 1959. Contrary to its title, Weekly Shōnen Sunday issues are released on Wednesdays. Weekly Shōnen Sunday has sold over 1.8 billion copies since 1986, making it the fourth best selling manga magazine, only behind Weekly Shōnen Jump, Weekly Shōnen Magazine and Weekly Young Jump.
Ašarėna
The Ašarėna is a river in Kėdainiai district municipality, Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. It flows for 6.4 kilometres and has a basin area of 8.8 km2.

A left-bank tributary of the Nevėžis, the Ašarėna starts in the Pašiliai Forest, 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) from Medekšiai. It meets the Nevėžis next to Pelėdnagiai. There are two ponds on the Ašarėna in Pelėdnagiai.

The hydronym possibly derives from Lithuanian word ešerys (or ašarys in local dialect, 'perch'). Its original form could have been *Ešerinė.

Nevėžis
The Nevėžis (/nɪˈvɛʒɪs, nɛ-/; Lithuanian: [nʲɛˈvʲěːʑɪs] ⓘ) is the sixth longest river in Lithuania and one of the main tributaries of the Nemunas. The 209 km (130 mi) long Nevėžis flows entirely within Lithuania. Among the rivers that flow exclusively within Lithuania's borders, the Nevėžis is the second longest, after the Šventoji. Its source is in the Anykščiai District Municipality. The river first flows in a northwesterly direction, but at Panevėžys it turns southwest, and passing Kėdainiai, flows into the Neman just west of Kaunas near Raudondvaris.
Kishkindha
Kishkindha (Sanskrit: किष्किन्धा, IAST: Kiṣkindhā) is a kingdom of the vanaras in Hinduism. It is ruled by King Sugriva, the younger brother of Vali, in the Sanskrit epic Ramayana. According to the Hindu epic this was the kingdom that Sugriva ruled with the assistance of his counsellor, Hanuman. Kishkindha is identified with the present location of Hampi, the erstwhile royal capital of Vijayanagara Empire.

During the Treta Yuga, the whole region was within the dense Dandaka Forest which was founded by King Danda, son of Ikshvaku, and descendant of Vaivasvata Manu in the Satya Yuga, which extended from the Vindhya range to the South Indian peninsula. Thus, this kingdom was considered that of the vanaras. During the Dvapara Yuga, the Pandava Sahadeva is stated to have visited this kingdom in the epic Mahabharata during his southern military campaign to collect tribute for Yudhishthira's Rajasuya sacrifice.

Vanara
In Hinduism, Vanara (Sanskrit: वानर, lit. 'forest-dwellers') are either monkeys, apes, or a race of forest-dwelling people.

In the epic the Ramayana, the Vanaras help Rama defeat Ravana. They are generally depicted as humanoid apes, or human-like beings.
Wicked!
Wicked! A Tale of Two Schools is a 2006 novel by English writer Jilly Cooper. It is the eighth book in the Rutshire Chronicles series. The novel is based on the interactions of staff and pupils of two schools in the fictional county of Larkshire, the private school Bagley Hall and the state-run Larkminster Comprehensive. Students include "Feral" Jackson, a Larkminster pupil whose mother is a drug addict, and Paris Alvaston, who lives in care. Rupert Campbell-Black also features as a pupil, when he takes a bet that he cannot pass GCSE English. Cooper undertook extensive research in preparation for the book, visiting both state and independent schools, including: Dean Close School, St Paul's, Bryanston School, St Mary's, Calne, Barnwood Park School and Brighton College. The novel received positive reviews, with Mary McCarthy stating that "a solid dose of low brow, high quality, vintage Cooper is just what a girl needs".

Barnwood Park School
Barnwood Park School  is a coeducational secondary school located in the Barnwood area of Gloucester in the English county of Gloucestershire.

It was originally known as Barnwood Park High School for Girls, but was then awarded specialist status as an Arts College the school was renamed Barnwood Park Arts College. The school achieved the Artsmark Gold from the Arts Council of England in 2009. From September 2018 the school became coeducational and was renamed Barnwood Park School. Today it is an academy and part of Greenshaw Learning Trust.

Barnwood Park School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils.

Research for her 2006 novel Wicked! led author Jilly Cooper to teach several English classes at the school.
Arke
In Greek mythology, Arke or Arce (Ancient Greek: Ἄρκη, romanized: Árkē, lit. 'swift') is one of the daughters of Thaumas, and sister to the rainbow goddess Iris. During the Titanomachy, Arke fled from the Olympians' camp and joined the Titans, unlike Iris who remained loyal to Zeus and his allies. After the war was over and the Titans with their allies were defeated, Zeus cut off her wings and cast Arke into Tartarus to be kept imprisoned for all eternity.

Iris (mythology)
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Iris (/ˈaɪrɪs/; EYE-riss; Ancient Greek: Ἶρις, romanized: Îris, lit. 'rainbow,' Ancient Greek: [îːris]) is a daughter of the gods Thaumas and Electra, and the personification of the rainbow. She functions as a messenger and servant to the Olympians, particularly Hera. Iris was traditionally seen as the consort of Zephyrus, the god of the west wind and one of the four Anemoi, by whom she is the mother of Pothos in some texts.

While Iris appears in several stories running errands or carrying messages to and from the gods, she has no unique mythology of her own. There are only a few traces of archaic worship and cultic activity on the island of Delos, and mentions of her worship are scant in surviving records. In ancient art, Iris was depicted as a winged young woman carrying a caduceus, the symbol of messengers, and a pitcher of water for the gods.
Cerro Domo Blanco
The Cerro Domo Blanco is a glacier-covered mountain of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in Patagonia, located on the border between Chile and Argentina. It lies west of Mount Fitz Roy, east of Cerro Rincón, and in the northern part of the Circo de los Altares. It stands at an altitude of 2,465 m (8,087 ft).

On the Chilean side, it is part of the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park, while its eastern side lies within the Chaltén Mountain Range Natural Site, which is part of the park.

Chile previously claimed the entirety of the mountain. However, following the arbitration ruling in the Laguna del Desierto dispute in 1994, the boundary was set on the mountain, recognizing it as a binational landmark by both countries.

Cerro Rincón
The Cerro Rincón is a glacier-covered mountain of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in Patagonia, located on the border between Chile and Argentina. It lies west of Cerro Domo Blanco, south of the Marconi Glacier, and in the northern part of the Circo de los Altares. It stands at an altitude of 2,422 m (7,946 ft).

On the Chilean side, it is part of the Bernardo O'Higgins National Park.

Chile previously claimed the entirety of the mountain. However, following the arbitration ruling in the Laguna del Desierto dispute in 1994, the boundary was set on the mountain, recognizing it as a binational landmark by both countries.
Punch McLean
Ernest V. "Punch" McLean (born November 3, 1932) is a Canadian retired ice hockey coach. He led the New Westminster Bruins to four consecutive President's Cup titles, and won consecutive 1977 and 1978 Memorial Cup championships. After his 16 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL), McLean placed second all-time among WHL coaches with 1,067 games coached.

New Westminster Bruins
The New Westminster Bruins were a major junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League.  There were two franchises that carried this name:

1971–1981 (formerly the Estevan Bruins, now the Kamloops Blazers)

1983–1988 (formerly the Nanaimo Islanders, now the Tri-City Americans)

Both incarnations of the franchise played at Queen's Park Arena in the Vancouver suburb of New Westminster, British Columbia.
Jazz Impressions of A Boy Named Charlie Brown
Jazz Impressions of A Boy Named Charlie Brown (stylized with quotation marks as Jazz Impressions of "A Boy Named Charlie Brown") is the sixth studio album by American jazz pianist Vince Guaraldi (credited to the Vince Guaraldi Trio), released in the U.S. by Fantasy Records in December 1964. It is the soundtrack to the unreleased television documentary film entitled A Boy Named Charlie Brown.

Vince Guaraldi
Vincent Anthony Guaraldi (/ɡəˈrældi/; né Dellaglio, July 17, 1928 – February 6, 1976) was an American jazz pianist best known for composing music for animated television adaptations of the Peanuts comic strip. His compositions for this series included their signature melody "Linus and Lucy" and the holiday standard "Christmas Time Is Here". Guaraldi is also known for his performances on piano as a member of Cal Tjader's 1950s ensembles and for his own solo career. Guaraldi's 1962 composition "Cast Your Fate to the Wind" became a radio hit and won a Grammy Award in 1963 for Best Original Jazz Composition. He died of an abdominal aortic aneurysm on February 6, 1976, at age 47, moments after concluding the first half of a nightclub performance in Menlo Park, California.