hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shell script
A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by a Unix shell, a command-line interpreter. The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to be command languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A script which sets up the environment, runs the program, and does any necessary cleanup or logging, is called a wrapper.

The term is also used more generally to mean the automated mode of running an operating system shell; each operating system uses a particular name for these functions including batch files (MSDos-Win95 stream, OS/2), command procedures (VMS), and shell scripts (Windows NT stream and third-party derivatives like Take Command/4NT—article is at cmd.exe), and mainframe operating systems are associated with a number of terms.

All Unix-like systems include at least one POSIX shell (typically either bash or the zsh compatibility mode).

Almquist shell
Almquist shell (also known as A Shell, ash and sh) is a lightweight Unix shell originally written by Kenneth Almquist in the late 1980s. Initially a clone of the System V.4 variant of the Bourne shell, it replaced the original Bourne shell in the BSD versions of Unix released in the early 1990s.
Climate Vulnerability Monitor
The Climate Vulnerability Monitor (CVM) is an independent global assessment of the effect of climate change on the world's populations brought together by panels of key international authorities. The Monitor was launched in December 2010 in London and Cancun to coincide with the UN Cancun Summit on climate change (COP-16). Developed by DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum,  the report is meant to serve as a new tool to assess global vulnerability to various effects of climate change within different nations.

The report distills leading science and research for a clearer explanation of how and where populations are being affected by climate change today (2010) and in the near future (2030), while pointing to key actions that reduce these impacts.

DARA and the Climate Vulnerable Forum launched the 2nd edition of the Climate Vulnerability Monitor on 26 September 2012 at the Asia Society, New York.

DARA (international organization)
DARA (Development Assistance Research Associates, Ltd.) is an independent, international organization based in Madrid, Spain. DARA was established in 2003 by Silvia Hidalgo to assess the impact of humanitarian aid and to make specific recommendations for changes in policies and practices. DARA has carried out evaluations in more than 60 crises countries for a variety of organizations including United Nations agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the European Commission, governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

DARA is registered as in independent non-profit organization in Spain, has 501(c)(3) status in the United States and is recognized as an international organization in Switzerland.
Battle of Ngaundere
The Battle of Ngaundere or Battle of Ngaoundéré was a small engagement fought between German and British forces on 29 June 1915 during the Kamerun campaign of World War I. It resulted in a German defeat and British occupation of the town.

Kamerun campaign
The Kamerun campaign took place in the German colony of Kamerun in the African theatre of the First World War when the British, French and Belgians invaded the German colony from August 1914 to March 1916. Most of the campaign took place in Kamerun but skirmishes also broke out in British Nigeria. By the Spring of 1916, following Allied victories, the majority of German troops and the civil administration fled to the neighbouring neutral colony of Spanish Guinea (Río Muni). The campaign ended in a defeat for Germany and the partition of its former colony between France and Britain.
1997 Punitaqui earthquake
The 1997 Punitaqui earthquake occurred at 01:03 UTC on October 15. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 Mwc. This earthquake was one of the most destructive in the epicentral area compared to other events of subduction of the same size. The extensive damage to structures was the result of an amplification effect on the ground and the poor quality of building materials, this reflects the potential for damage incurred in an intraplate earthquake with vertical fault and how it can be much greater than what which can cause one of interplate of similar magnitude, and caused severe damage in Chilean cities of La Serena, Vicuña, Ovalle, Illapel and Punitaqui.

Punitaqui
Punitaqui is a town and commune of Chile in the Limarí Province. Punitaqui hosts an eponymous mining district which includes the gold mine of Tambo de Oro. There are ores of copper, gold and mercury around Punitaqui.
James Willis (American football)
James Edward Willis III (born September 2, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Green Bay Packers in the fifth round of the 1993 NFL draft. He played college football for the Auburn Tigers. He played high school football at J.O. Johnson High School in Huntsville, Alabama.

Willis also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Seattle Seahawks, and Birmingham Thunderbolts of the now defunct XFL. After his playing career, he coached in the NCAA and in the NFL

Gene Chizik
Eugene C. Chizik Jr. (born December 28, 1961) is an American football coach who was most recently the defensive coordinator and Assistant Head Coach for Defense at North Carolina. A veteran of the coaching ranks, Chizik previously was UNC's defensive coordinator for the 2015 and 2016 seasons, and served as the head coach of the Auburn football team from 2009 until the end of the 2012 season. Chizik's 2010 Auburn Tigers football team completed a 14–0 season with a victory over Oregon in the BCS National Championship Game, and quarterback Cam Newton won the Heisman Trophy. Chizik played college football at the University of Florida in 1981 for head coach Charley Pell.
Yannick Agnel
Yannick Agnel (born 9 June 1992) is a French former competitive swimmer who specialized in freestyle events, and is a three-time Olympic medalist.  In his Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, he won gold in the 200-meter freestyle, gold in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay, and silver in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.  He is the current world record holder in the 400-meter freestyle (short course) and the national record holder in the 200- and 400-meter freestyle (long course).

Agnel's success earned him Swimming World's European Swimmer of the Year award in 2012.

Amaury Leveaux
Amaury Raymond Leveaux (born 2 December 1985) is a French swimmer from Delle, Territoire de Belfort. Leveaux is a former world record holder in the 100 m freestyle (short course – 44.94 sec), the 50 m freestyle (short course – 20.48 sec), and the 50 m butterfly (short course – 22.18 sec). He also formerly held the national record in the 200 m freestyle (long course – 1:46.54).
Harvey Sutton
Harvey Vincent Sutton (18 February 1882 – 21 June 1963) was an Australian athlete and public health physician. He was Victoria's second Rhodes Scholar, following John Behan, a fellow alumnus of Trinity College, Melbourne.

Trinity College, Melbourne
Trinity College is the oldest residential college of the University of Melbourne, the first university in the colony of Victoria, Australia. The college was opened in 1872 on a site granted to the Church of England by the government of Victoria. In addition to its resident community of 380 students, mostly attending the University of Melbourne, Trinity's programs includes the Trinity College Theological School, an Anglican training college which is a constituent college of the University of Divinity; and the Pathways School which runs Trinity College Foundation Studies and prepares international students for admission to the University of Melbourne and other Australian tertiary institutions, as well as summer and winter schools for young leaders and other short courses.
Racetrack memory
Racetrack memory or domain-wall memory (DWM) is an experimental non-volatile memory device under development at IBM's Almaden Research Center by a team led by physicist Stuart Parkin. It is a current topic of active research at the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Dr. Parkin's group.  In early 2008, a 3-bit version was successfully demonstrated. If it were to be developed successfully, racetrack memory would offer storage density higher than comparable solid-state memory devices like flash memory.

Non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast, volatile memory needs constant power in order to retain data.

Non-volatile memory typically refers to storage in memory chips, which store data in floating-gate memory cells consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors), including flash memory storage such as NAND flash and solid-state drives (SSD).

Other examples of non-volatile memory include read-only memory (ROM), EPROM (erasable programmable ROM) and EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM), ferroelectric RAM, most types of computer data storage devices (e.g. disk storage, hard disk drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards.
Ventas de Zafarraya
Ventas de Zafarraya is a village in the municipality of Alhama de Granada, Granada, Spain. It is just north of a mountain pass between spurs of the Sierra de Alhama to the west and the Sierra de Tejeda to the east, on the main road from Vélez-Málaga to Alhama de Granada. The village was destroyed by an earthquake in 1884, but was rebuilt.

Alhama de Granada
Alhama de Granada is a town in the province of Granada, approx. 50 km from the city of Granada. The name is derived from the thermal baths located there, which are called الـحَـمّـة al-hammah in Arabic.
Tonfanau
Tonfanau is a coastal village in the community of Llangelynnin, in Gwynedd (formerly Merionethshire), Wales. It is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north of Tywyn. The village is served by Tonfanau railway station.

During the Second World War an army base was created near the village. Around 600 men were stationed at the camp, which specialised in training personnel in anti-aircraft artillery.

Until 1992, a granite quarry existed to the north of the village.

Llangelynnin, Gwynedd
Llangelynnin (Welsh pronunciationⓘ; also Llangelynin) is a small village and community near Tywyn, Gwynedd, Wales.  Although the village is usually known as Llangelynnin in English, the community name previously used was Llangelynin, though it is now also spelt "Llangelynnin".
Werewolf by Night
The Werewolf by Night (also known as the Werewolf) is the name of two fictional werewolves appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first incarnation of Werewolf by Night, Jack Russell, first appeared in Marvel Spotlight #2 (February 1972). The second incarnation, Jake Gomez, first appeared in Werewolf by Night #1 (October 2020).

The Jack Russell incarnation of Werewolf by Night appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe TV special Werewolf by Night (2022), portrayed by Gael García Bernal.

Man-Thing
The Man-Thing (Dr. Theodore "Ted" Sallis) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writers Stan Lee, Roy Thomas, and Gerry Conway and artist Gray Morrow, the character first appeared in Savage Tales #1 (May 1971), and went on to be featured in various titles and in his own series, including Adventure into Fear. Steve Gerber's 39-issue run on the series is considered to be a cult classic.

The Man-Thing is a large, slow-moving, empathic, humanoid swamp monster living in the Florida Everglades near a Seminole reservation and the fictional town of Citrusville in Cypress County (also fictional), Florida.

The character made his live-action debut in the film Man-Thing (2005), played by Conan Stevens. Another version of the character later appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe television special Werewolf by Night (2022), motion-captured by Carey Jones and with Jeffrey Ford providing additional vocalizations.
Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry
The Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry opened in 1973 to divert truck traffic away from the busy downtown Grand Avenue border crossing.  It connects Arizona State Route 189 directly with Mexican Federal Highway 15D. All commercial traffic entering the United States at Nogales now enters through the Mariposa port of entry.  The port facilities underwent a nearly $250 million  renovation project between 2009 and 2014 to accommodate increasing traffic and to support new equipment and procedures. Renovation of roadways leading to the Mariposa Entry to reduce wait times for vehicles was begun in 2020 by the Arizona Department of Transportation, with expected completion in late 2021.

Nogales-Grand Avenue Port of Entry
The Nogales Arizona Port of Entry (aka Nogales-Deconcini) on Grand Avenue has been in existence since the early 20th century. It connects Interstate 19 with Mexican Federal Highway 15. The port of entry is named after former Arizona Senator Dennis DeConcini.  The border station was completely rebuilt in 1966 and upgrades to the pedestrian gates were made by the General Services Administration in 2012.  It is one of three border crossings in Nogales; the Nogales-Mariposa Port of Entry, built in 1973, handles commercial traffic west of the Grand Avenue crossing, while the adjacent Nogales-Morley Gate Port of Entry is used for pedestrians.
Isomonodromic deformation
In mathematics, the equations governing the isomonodromic deformation of meromorphic linear systems of ordinary differential equations are, in a fairly precise sense, the most fundamental exact nonlinear differential equations. As a result, their solutions and properties lie at the heart of the field of exact nonlinearity and integrable systems.

Isomonodromic deformations were first studied by Richard Fuchs, with early pioneering contributions from Lazarus Fuchs, Paul Painlevé, René Garnier, and Ludwig Schlesinger. Inspired by results in statistical mechanics, a seminal contribution to the theory was made by Michio Jimbo, Tetsuji Miwa, and Kimio Ueno, who studied cases involving irregular singularities.

Painlevé transcendents
In mathematics, Painlevé transcendents are solutions to certain nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equations in the complex plane with the Painlevé property (the only movable singularities are poles), but which are not generally solvable in terms of elementary functions. They were discovered by
Émile Picard (1889),
Paul Painlevé (1900, 1902),
Richard Fuchs (1905), and
Bertrand Gambier (1910).
The Burning of Imperial Palace
The Burning of Imperial Palace (Chinese: 火燒圓明園 is a 1983 historical drama film directed by Li Han-hsiang. Based on the events in China during the Second Opium War which culminated in the burning of the Old Summer Palace (a.k.a. Yuanming Garden), the film stars Tony Leung Ka-fai as the Xianfeng Emperor and Liu Xiaoqing as a young noble consort, Cixi.

Liu Xiaoqing
Liu Xiaoqing (born 30 October 1950)  is a Chinese actress and businesswoman. One of the leading actresses in China in the 1980s, she is known for her roles in the films The Little Flower (1979), Reign Behind a Curtain (1983), The Burning of Imperial Palace (1983), Hibiscus Town (1986) and in the TV series Wu Zetian (1995).
Meridian (commuter rail)
Meridian was a commuter rail service that operated between 2013 and 2020 in Bavaria, Germany operated by the railway company Bayerische Oberlandbahn (BOB), owned by Transdev.

Since June 2020 these services run under the brand Bayerische Regiobahn (BRB) of Transdev.

Bayerische Oberlandbahn
The Bayerische Oberlandbahn GmbH (BOB) is a private railway company based in Holzkirchen, Germany, and owned by Transdev Germany (formerly known as Veolia Verkehr). Since June 2020 its services are operated under the brand Bayerische Regiobahn (BRB) of its sister company.

BOB Trains connect Munich with the alpine hamlets of Bayrischzell, Lenggries, and the spa town of Tegernsee. The routes are not electrified and are serviced with diesel-hydraulic and diesel-mechanic DMUs.
Alphonse de Châteaubriant
Alphonse Van Bredenbeck de Châteaubriant (French pronunciation: [alfɔ̃s də ʃɑtobʁijɑ̃]; 25 March 1877 – 2 May 1951) was a French writer who won the Prix Goncourt in 1911 for his novel Monsieur de Lourdines and Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française for La Brière in 1923.

After a visit to Germany in 1935 he became an enthusiastic advocate for Nazism.

Along with other Breton nationalists he supported fascist and anti-semitic ideas in opposition to the French state. In 1940 he founded the pro-Nazi weekly newspaper La Gerbe and served as President of the Groupe Collaboration. During World War II, he was a member of the central committee of the Légion des Volontaires Français contre le Bolchévisme, an organisation founded in 1941 by Fernand de Brinon and Jacques Doriot to recruit volunteers to fight alongside the Germans in the USSR. In 1945 he fled to Austria, where he lived under the alias Dr. Alfred Wolf until his death at a monastery in Kitzbühel.

La Brière
La Brière (translated as Passion and Peat) is a 1923 novel by Alphonse de Chateaubriant that won the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française for that year.

The novel is set in the rustic fenland landscape west of Nantes, known as Brière, in which the traditional occupation of peat-cutting is becoming increasingly unsustainable as the peat runs out. The independence of the local population is threatened by outsiders, who have plans for modernisation.
Giannis Vardinogiannis
Yannis Vardinoyannis (Greek: Γιάννης Βαρδινογιάννης, born 7 April 1962) is a Greek billionaire shipping magnate, the eldest son of the late Vardis Vardinoyannis and of the late UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador Marianna Vardinoyannis. He is included in the Lloyd's List Most influential people in the shipping industry.

Vardis Vardinogiannis
Vardis Vardinogiannis (Greek: Βαρδής Βαρδινογιάννης; 4 December 1933 – 12 November 2024) was a Greek billionaire oil and shipping businessman. He was the chairman and controlling shareholder of Motor Oil Hellas and Vegas Oil and Gas and involved in numerous other shipping and business interests. Vardinogiannis was included in Lloyd's List's Most Influential People in Shipping, and Forbes's The World's Billionaires with an estimated fortune of US$2.3 billion at the time of his death.
Vallemaggia District
The Vallemaggia District is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, bordering the Leventina district to the northwest, the Locarno district to the southeast, and Italy to the west. It encompasses eight municipalities and has a population of 5,952 (as of 31 December 2020). The capital of the district is Cevio. Although it extends over approximately one-fifth of the cantonal territory, only about 2% of the Ticino population lived there in 2000.

The district is traversed by the Maggia and its tributaries Bavona and Rovana, and is characterized by two distinct regions. The Valle Maggia comprises the lower valley and the upper valleys (Rovana Valley, Bavona Valley, and Lavizzara Valley). The lower valley, relatively wide, extends from Avegno to Cavergno with minimal elevation changes. The upper valleys are narrow gorges that open into the main valley at Cevio and Bignasco and are surrounded by imposing mountains.

Cavergno
Cavergno is a village in the district of Vallemaggia, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. On 22 October 2006 Cavergno lost its status as an independent municipality when together with the village of Bignasco it was incorporated into the municipality of Cevio.
Bright Leaf
Bright Leaf is a 1950 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Gary Cooper, Lauren Bacall and Patricia Neal. It is adapted from the 1948 novel of the same name by Foster Fitz-Simons. The title comes from the type of tobacco grown in North Carolina after the American Civil War. According to Bright Leaves, a 2003 documentary film by Ross McElwee, the plot is loosely based on the rivalry of tobacco tycoons Washington Duke and John Harvey McElwee, the filmmaker's great-grandfather.

Patricia Neal
Patricia Neal (born Patsy Louise Neal; January 20, 1926 – August 8, 2010) was an American actress of stage and screen. She is well known for, among other roles, playing World War II widow Helen Benson in The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951), radio journalist Marcia Jeffries in A Face in the Crowd (1957), wealthy matron Emily Eustace Failenson in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), and the worn-out housekeeper Alma Brown in Hud (1963) (for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress). She also featured as the matriarch in the television film The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971); her role as Olivia Walton was re-cast for the series it inspired, The Waltons. A major star of the 1950s and 1960s, she was the recipient of an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Tony Award, and two British Academy Film Awards, and was nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards.
WHAZ (AM)
WHAZ (1330 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Troy, New York, and serving New York's Capital District. The station is locally owned by the Capital Media Corporation and broadcasts a Christian radio format.

WHAZ transmits fulltime with a non-directional antenna on Van Schaick Island in Cohoes, while its studios are on Park Avenue in Cohoes. By day, it operates with 1,000 watts, at night it greatly reduces power to 49 watts to protect other stations on 1330 AM from interference. WHAZ's programming is also simulcast on four FM stations and one FM translator on the fringes of the market, branded the "Alive Radio Network".

WGY (AM)
WGY (810 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Schenectady, New York, and serving the Capital District of New York. It simulcasts a talk format with WGY-FM (103.1 FM). Owned by iHeartMedia, its studios are located on Troy-Schenectady Road in Latham. WGY is one of the first stations in the United States, and the oldest to operate continuously in New York State, having launched on February 20, 1922.

WGY is powered at 50,000 watts clear-channel, the maximum for commercial AM stations in the U.S. Its transmitter is off Mariaville Road, near the New York State Thruway in the Town of Rotterdam. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WGY is also available online via iHeartRadio.
G.I.T.: Get It Together
G.I.T.: Get It Together (a.k.a. Get It Together) is the eighth studio album by the Jackson 5, released on September 12, 1973, for the Motown label. The album featured the minor hit "Get It Together" and the original version of the subsequent major hit "Dancing Machine", which was later re-released in edited form on a tie-in album of the same name. Get It Together has sold an estimated two million copies worldwide since its release.

The album represented a reinvention for the Jackson 5, who were struggling to move past their earlier teenybopper image as their popularity waned. By this point, most of the Jackson 5's members and their manager/father, Joseph, were vocally complaining about the group's direction, with lead singer Michael becoming the most outspoken. The material on G.I.T., produced by Hal Davis, leans into a funk-oriented progressive soul style, contrasting with the group's bubblegum origins, as well as elements of the emergent disco genre.

Dancing Machine (The Jackson 5 album)
Dancing Machine is the ninth studio album released by the Motown quintet the Jackson 5, on September 5, 1974. The album's title track was a No. 2 pop hit and a No. 1 R&B hit in the United States. The group released two additional singles from the album: the funky "Whatever You Got, I Want" and the group's last US Top 20 hit for Motown, "I Am Love". To date, the album has sold approximately 2.6 million copies worldwide.