hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Herbchronology
Herbchronology is the analysis of annual growth rings (or simply annual rings) in the secondary root xylem of perennial herbaceous plants. While leaves and stems of perennial herbs die down at the end of the growing season the root often persists for many years or even the entire life. Perennial herb species belonging to the dicotyledon group (also known as perennial forbs) are characterized by secondary growth, which shows as a new growth ring added each year to persistent roots. About two thirds of all perennial dicotyledonous herb species with a persistent root that grow in the strongly seasonal zone of the northern hemisphere show at least fairly clear annual  growth rings.

Counting of annual growth rings can be used to determine the age of a perennial herb similarly as it is done in trees using dendrochronology. This way it was found that some perennial herbs live up to 50 years and more.

Secondary growth
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. In contrast, primary growth occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and give rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. If they do have secondary growth, it differs from the typical pattern of other seed plants.

The formation of secondary vascular tissues from the cambium is a characteristic feature of dicotyledons and gymnosperms. In certain monocots, the vascular tissues are also increased after the primary growth is completed but the cambium of these plants is of a different nature. In the living pteridophytes this feature is extremely rare, only occurring in Isoetes.
Perm Governorate
58°00′50″N 56°14′56″E﻿ / ﻿58.0139°N 56.2489°E﻿ / 58.0139; 56.2489

Perm Governorate (Russian: Пермская губерния, romanized: Permskaya guberniya), also known as the Governorate of Perm, was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1781 to 1923. It was located on both slopes of the Ural Mountains, and its administrative center was the city of Perm. The region gave its name to the Permian period, the last period of the Paleozoic era.

Solikamsky Uyezd
Solikamsky Uyezd (Russian: Соликамский уезд) was an administrative division (uyezd) of the Perm Governorate of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1781 to 1923. Its administrative center was the town of Solikamsk. Area: 29,334.3 km2.
Dorian Harewood
Dorian Harewood (born August 6, 1950) is an American actor, best known for playing Jesse Owens in The Jesse Owens Story (1984), Det. Paul Strobber on Strike Force (1981–1982), and Rev. Morgan Hamilton in 7th Heaven (1996–2003).

The Jesse Owens Story
The Jesse Owens Story is a 1984 American two-part, four-hour made-for-television biographical film about the black athlete Jesse Owens. Dorian Harewood plays the Olympic gold-winning athlete. The drama won a 1985 Primetime Emmy Award and was nominated for two more. It originally premiered in syndication on July 9 and 10, 1984 as part of Operation Prime Time's syndicated programming.
Small Fry (film)
Toy Story Toons: Small Fry is a 2011 American animated short film written and directed by Angus MacLane. It was shown in theaters with The Muppets on November 23, 2011.

Small Fry is the second short in the Toy Story Toons series, based on the characters from the Toy Story feature films. The short involves Buzz getting trapped at a fast food restaurant, where there is a support group for discarded kids' meal toys from over the years, with a kids' meal toy version of Buzz taking his place.

Toy Story Toons
Toy Story Toons is an American animated short film series based on the Toy Story franchise. It follows Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their friends in comedic adventures at Bonnie's house after Andy donated them to her at the end of Toy Story 3. Three shorts were released as part of the series: Hawaiian Vacation and Small Fry in 2011 and Partysaurus Rex in 2012. They premiered before theatrical releases of Walt Disney Pictures films.

In 2013, it was revealed a fourth short was in the works, entitled Mythic Rock. However, it was never released.
Ħamrun Spartans Futsal Club
Ħamrun Spartans Futsal is a Maltese futsal club based in Ħamrun, Malta. After achieving a commendable third-place finish in the 2017-18 season, Ħamrun ceased operations and withdrew from domestic competition. The club remained inactive for several years before being reestablished in 2024, marking its return to the Maltese futsal scene.

Hamrun started their futsal league commitments in the year of 2005. Competing under the name of Ħamrun Tre Angeli, they enjoyed success in the domestic cup, reaching the final in 2016 where they lost to Luxol 7–3, but bouncing back to win the title in 2017 with a victory over Valletta.

The most recent success, the club from Tas-Sikkina had it their first season of return, winning the FMA Futsal Challenger Cup.

FMA Futsal Challenger Cup
The FMA Futsal Challenger Cup is an annual cup competition for Maltese futsal teams. It is organized by the Futsal Malta Association, it is disputed by the last placed team in the Maltese Premier Futsal League and the three best ranked clubs in the Challenger Futsal League. It is a minor cup competition in Malta, and a national honour behind Maltese Futsal League and Maltese Futsal Knockout Cup.

The current title holder is Ħamrun NCMB.
Realest
"Realest" is a song by Filipino-American rapper Ez Mil and American rapper Eminem. It was released by FFP Records, Shady Records, Aftermath Entertainment, and Interscope Records on August 4, 2023. It serves as the lead single to the deluxe edition of Ez Mil's 2022 studio album DU4LI7Y. The song's official lyric video was released to YouTube on August 11, 2023.

Ez Mil
Ezekiel Miller Sapiera (born July 27 1998), known by his stage name Ez Mil (/ˌiːzi ˈmɪl/ EE-zee MIL), is a Filipino rapper, singer and songwriter. He rose to prominence after his song "Panalo" gained public attention. At age 25, he became the first Filipino artist (and the third rapper after 50 Cent and Stat Quo) to have a direct joint deal with Shady Records, Aftermath Entertainment, and Interscope Records.
2015 San Antonio mayoral election
On May 9, 2015, the city of San Antonio, Texas, held an election to choose the next Mayor of San Antonio. Interim mayor Ivy Taylor ran for election to a full term and narrowly defeated former state senator Leticia Van de Putte in the runoff election on June 13, 2015, to become the first African American elected to the position. The election was officially nonpartisan.

Ivy Taylor
Ivy Ruth Taylor (born June 17, 1970) is the former Mayor of San Antonio, Texas from 2014 through 2017, and the former president of Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi from 2017 through 2023. The former politician and urban planner was a nonpartisan officeholder, although she is registered as a Democrat.  She was also the first African American to be elected mayor of San Antonio and only the second woman in that position.  In addition, Taylor was the first female African-American mayor of a city with a population of more than one million.
Mordheim: City of the Damned
Mordheim: City of the Damned is a tactical role-playing game video game developed by Rogue Factor, a branch of Cyanide, for Microsoft Windows and published by Focus Home Interactive on November 19, 2015. The game is based on Games Workshop's 1999 tabletop game Mordheim.

Mordheim
Mordheim is a tabletop game published by Games Workshop in 1999. It is a variant of the company's Warhammer Fantasy game set on a warband or "skirmish" scale. Mordheim was designed by Alessio Cavatore, Tuomas Pirinen, and Rick Priestley. Alongside the basic skirmish game, Mordheim also features a campaign system, where Warbands gain experience and equipment as the campaign progresses, in a similar nature to role-playing games.

The game is set during a civil war in the Empire from Imperial Year 1999, some 500 years before the present day in the Warhammer Fantasy timeline. When a comet struck and destroyed the city of Mordheim, a material called wyrdstone was scattered throughout the ruins. Mercenary warbands from all over the Warhammer world battle with one another for the wyrdstone.
Joinville Island
Joinville Island (63°15′S 55°45′W﻿ / ﻿63.250°S 55.750°W﻿ / -63.250; -55.750﻿ (Joinville Island)) is the largest island of the Joinville Island group, about 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long in an east–west direction and 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide, lying off the northeastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, from which it is separated by the Antarctic Sound.

Antarctic Sound
The Antarctic Sound is a body of water about 30 nautical miles (56 km; 35 mi) long and from 7 to 12 nautical miles (13 to 22 km; 8 to 14 mi) wide, separating the Joinville Island group from the northeast end of the Antarctic Peninsula. The sound was named by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjöld for the expedition ship Antarctic which in 1902, under the command of Carl Anton Larsen, was the first vessel to navigate it. Since 1998 cruise ships have been visiting the area.
John J. Blaine
John James Blaine (May 4, 1875 – April 16, 1934) was an American lawyer and progressive Republican politician from Grant County, Wisconsin. He was the 24th governor of Wisconsin, serving three terms from 1921 to 1927, and served as United States senator from 1927 to 1933.  Earlier, he was the 23rd attorney general of Wisconsin, a member of the Wisconsin Senate, and mayor of Boscobel, Wisconsin.

Boscobel, Wisconsin
Boscobel (/ˈbɒskoʊbɛl/ BOSS-koh-bel) is a city in Grant County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,286 at the 2020 census. Approximately 0.6 mi. (1 km) to the north of the city, across a riparian swamp, is the Wisconsin River. U.S. Route 61 crosses the Wisconsin River at Boscobel. To the south, the city is bordered by the Town of Boscobel.

Boscobel was the site of a stop along the now defunct Milwaukee Road, and it is still served by the Wisconsin and Southern Railroad. It is also the site of the Wisconsin Secure Program Facility (WSPF), a Wisconsin Department of Corrections prison for men. Businesses include the historic Central House Hotel, the birthplace of Gideons International.
The Zürau Aphorisms
The Zürau Aphorisms (German: Die Zürauer Aphorismen) are 109 aphorisms of Franz Kafka, written from September 1917 to April 1918 and published by his friend Max Brod in 1931, after his death, in the 1931 collection The Great Wall of China. They are selected from his writing in Zürau in West Bohemia (now Siřem in the community of Blšany, Czech Republic) where, suffering from tuberculosis, he stayed with his sister Ottla. Brod titled the book "Betrachtungen über Sünde, Hoffnung, Leid und den wahren Weg" (Reflections on Sin, Hope, Suffering, and the True Way).

The Great Wall of China (short story collection)
The Great Wall of China (German: Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer [While building the Chinese wall]) is the first posthumous collection of short stories by Franz Kafka published in Germany in 1931. It was edited by Max Brod and Hans-Joachim Schoeps and collected previously unpublished short stories, incomplete stories, fragments and aphorisms written by Kafka between 1917 and 1924. The first English translation by Willa and Edwin Muir was published by Martin Secker in 1933. The same translation was published in 1946 by Schocken Books.
Calumma
Calumma is a genus of chameleons, highly adapted and specialised lizards, in the family Chamaeleonidae. The genus is endemic to the island of Madagascar. One species, formerly known as Calumma tigris (the Seychelles tiger chameleon), was transferred to the genus Archaius in 2010, upon the discovery of its closer relation to Rieppeleon—one of several genera referred to collectively as "leaf" or "pygmy" chameleons—rather than to Calumma. The earliest known fossil of the genus is of Calumma benovskyi, from early Miocene Kenya, showing that the genus likely originated on mainland East Africa. The genus includes one of the heaviest and longest chameleon species, the Parson's chameleon (Calumma parsonii). A number of Calumma species are known as Pinocchio chameleons due to their long noses, which often grow and shrink in length.

Tiger chameleon
The tiger chameleon (Archaius tigris), (from Greek αρχαίος, meaning "ancient", archaic) also known as the Seychelles tiger chameleon, is the only species in the resurrected genus Archaius. Initially placed into Chamaeleo, it was for some time moved to the genus Calumma by some (Klaver & Böhme, 1986). It is an endangered species of chameleon, found only on the Seychelles islands of Mahé, Silhouette, Sainte Anne and Praslin.
Jack Suchet
Jack Suchet (10 May 1908 – 9 September 2001) was an English consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming in London. He was the father of television news journalist John Suchet and actor David Suchet.

David Suchet
Sir David Courtney Suchet (/ˈsuːʃeɪ/ SOO-shay; born 2 May 1946) is an English actor. He is known for his work on stage and in television. He portrayed Edward Teller in the television serial Oppenheimer (1980) and received the RTS and BPG awards for his performance as Augustus Melmotte in the British serial The Way We Live Now (2001). International acclaim and recognition followed his performance as Agatha Christie's detective Hercule Poirot in Agatha Christie's Poirot (1989–2013), for which he received a 1991 British Academy Television Award for Best Actor nomination.

A prolific stage actor, Suchet has been nominated for nine Olivier Awards and a Tony Award.
Tale of the Nine Tailed 1938
Tale of the Nine Tailed 1938 (Korean: 구미호뎐 1938) is a 2023 South Korean television series starring Lee Dong-wook, Kim So-yeon, Kim Bum, and Ryu Kyung-soo. The series serves as the second season to the 2020 series Tale of the Nine Tailed and a prequel to the former season's storyline. It aired from May 6 to June 11, 2023 on tvN's Saturdays and Sundays at 21:20 (KST). It is also available for streaming on TVING in South Korea and Amazon Prime Video in selected regions.

Lee Dong-wook
Lee Dong-wook (Korean: 이동욱; born 6 November 1981) is a South Korean actor and presenter. He is best known for his leading roles in the television dramas My Girl (2005–2006), Scent of a Woman (2011), Guardian: The Lonely and Great God (2016–2017), Life (2018), Hell Is Other People (2019), Tale of the Nine Tailed (2020), Bad and Crazy (2021), Tale of the Nine Tailed 1938 (2023), and A Shop for Killers (2024). He is also the host of the talk show Strong Heart (2012–2013), boy group survival reality show Produce X 101 (2019), and his own American-style talk show Wook Talk (2019).
Ayodhya (2005 Tamil film)
Ayodhya is a 2005 Tamil-language drama film written, produced and directed by R. Jayaprakash. The film stars newcomer Mohankumar, Ramana, Rekha Unnikrishnan and newcomer Ragini Nandwani, with Manivannan, J. Livingston, Charan Raj, Saranya Ponvannan, Seetha, Ilavarasu, Mayilsamy, Chitti Babu and Delhi Kumar playing supporting roles. It was released on 28 January 2005.

Ramana (actor)
Ramana is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in Tamil and Telugu films in leading and supporting roles. He is the son of Tamil actor Vijay Babu who is known for the role of Rajinikanth's younger brother in Padikkadavan. He is the wicket keeper for the team Chennai Rhinos in Celebrity Cricket League. He was credited as Srinath in Telugu films until 2010.
Natsagiin Bagabandi
Natsagiin Bagabandi (Mongolian: Нацагийн Багабанди; born 22 April 1950) is a Mongolian politician who served as the 2nd President of Mongolia from 1997 to 2005. He won the 1997 presidential election and subsequently the 2001 presidential election, serving a total of two terms. Prior to running for president, he served as the Chairman of the State Great Khural from 1992 to 1996 and the Secretary General of the Party Leadership Council of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (now known as the Mongolian People's Party) from February to June 1997.

He was the first person to be the director of Oyu Tolgoi LLC, serving from 2010 to 2013 and then again from 2016 to 2023.

1997 Mongolian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 18 May 1997. The result was a victory for Natsagiin Bagabandi of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, who received 63% of the vote. Incumbent president Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, who ran from the ruling Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), came in second with 30.65% nationwide, whilst the third-party candidate Jambyn Gombojav from the Mongolian Traditional United Party trailed with only 6.82%.

The 1997 presidential election is Mongolia's first-ever three-way presidential race. Voter turnout was 85%, a 7% drop from the previous election. The election of Bagabandi was described as a protest vote against the rapid economic reforms of the DUC government.
Jack Pesch Bridge
The Jack Pesch Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist bridge that crosses the Brisbane River. It is named in honour of Jack Pesch (c. 1917 – 2002), a cycling champion during the 1930s. He subsequently ran a bicycle shop in Petrie Terrace, Brisbane, until the mid-1990s, selling and servicing his own 'Rocket' cycles and cycle parts.

The bridge crosses the Indooroopilly Reach of the River, linking Chelmer and Indooroopilly. It is immediately adjacent to the Albert and Walter Taylor Bridges.
It was opened on 2 October 1998 by the Queensland Minister for Transport, Steve Bredhauer, and the Lord Mayor of Brisbane, Jim Soorley.

The bridge is for the exclusive use of pedestrians and cyclists.

Walter Taylor Bridge
The Walter Taylor Bridge is a heritage-listed suspension bridge crossing the Brisbane River between Indooroopilly and Chelmer in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is shared by motor traffic and pedestrians and is the only habitable bridge in the Southern Hemisphere. It was originally known as the Indooroopilly Toll Bridge.
Calgary Kookaburras
The Calgary Kookaburras is a ladies Australian rules football club based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. They play at the Queen Elizabeth School, Hillhurst and are members of AFL Canada.  They were the first women's football club formed in Canada.

Hillhurst, Calgary
Hillhurst is a community located within the inner city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The boundaries of the community are 8th Avenue NW to the north, 10th Street NW to the east, the Bow River to the south, and 18th Street NW to the west.  The communities of Hillhurst and the neighbouring Sunnyside together form the Hillhurst-Sunnyside Community Association.  The two communities have an area redevelopment plan in place, revised in 2009.

The Kensington Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ) adjoins the Hillhurst community.
Holy Trinity Episcopal Church Parish (Melbourne, Florida)
Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, founded in 1884 and now located at 50 West Strawbridge Avenue in Melbourne, Florida, in the United States, is a historic parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Central Florida. Holy Trinity is the oldest church organization in Melbourne.  Its original church building, now the chapel, is a historic Carpenter Gothic church built in 1886.

Carpenter Gothic
Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters. The abundance of North American timber and the carpenter-built vernacular architectures based upon it made a picturesque improvisation upon Gothic a natural evolution. Carpenter Gothic improvises upon features that were carved in stone in authentic Gothic architecture, whether original or in more scholarly revival styles; however, in the absence of the restraining influence of genuine Gothic structures, the style was freed to improvise and emphasize charm and quaintness rather than fidelity to received models. The genre received its impetus from the publication by Alexander Jackson Davis of Rural Residences and from detailed plans and elevations in publications by Andrew Jackson Downing.
PSLV C7
PSLV-C7 was a mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket, launched on January 10, 2007, by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

The mission consisted of Space Capsule Recovery Experiment, ISRO's first reentry mission, along with Cartosat-2, an Earth observation satellite, LAPAN-TUBsat, Indonesia's first remote sensing satellite, and Pehuensat-1, an Argentine educational satellite.

The mission was an important mission is the history of PSLV, because it had many new additions to the rocket. The mission also had the first use of Dual Launch Adapter, (DLA).

Lapan-TUBsat
Lapan- TUBSat is Indonesia’s first remote sensing satellite, made by the experts from National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, Lapan) and Technische Universität Berlin (TUB) Germany. The uses of the satellite are for Indonesian natural resources observation and weather forecast for the Indonesian area. Lapan-TUB Sat was launched aboard PSLV-C7 on 1 January 2007 from the Indian space centre in Sriharikota and still functioning well after the fifth birthday.
Aerials water ramps
Water ramps into oversized pools, ponds, or lakes are constructed as training locations for aerial skiing, mogul skiing, and snowboarding acrobatics events.  Such structures typically comprise three sections: in-run, a kicker, and a water surface for landing. They permit the practice of new skills with reduced risk, as the impact of a water landing is less dangerous than a comparable impact on compacted snow.

Aerial skiing
Aerial skiing or aerials is a freestyle skiing discipline where athletes ski down a slope to launch themselves off a kicker (a vertically inclined ramp) and perform multiple twists and flips before landing on an inclined landing hill. Aerialists are scored on their jumps based on air, form and landing with their score multiplied by the degree of difficulty of the jump they performed.

Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup, FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, and the Winter Olympic Games.
Idjuniving Island
Idjuniving Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Kekerturnak Island, and Nunatsiaq Island.

Nunatsiaq Island
Nunatsiaq Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located in Davis Strait, southeast of Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula and north of Auyuittuq National Park Reserve. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Alikdjuak Island, Idjuniving Island, Kekerturnak Island, Manitung Island, and Nedlukseak Island.