hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Humane Slaughter Association
The Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) supports research, training, and development to improve the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter. It provides technical information about handling and slaughter on its website, training for farmer staff and vets, advice to governments and industry, and funding of science and technology to make slaughter more humane. HSA is the sister charity to Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.

Fish slaughter
Fish slaughter is the process of killing fish, typically after harvesting at sea or from fish farms. At least one trillion fish are killed each year for commercial consumption. Some fish harvesting uses controversial methods like suffocation in air, carbon-dioxide stunning, or ice chilling that have been called inhumane by many organizations such as the World Organisation for Animal Health. However, due to many cultures' reliance on fish, some alternative methods of slaughter have been developed, including percussive stunning, pithing, shooting, and electrical stunning. While these methods are considered effective, they still face criticism, with some arguing that no method of fish slaughter can ever be truly humane.
Feather Your Nest
Feather Your Nest is a 1937 British musical comedy film directed by William Beaudine and starring George Formby, Polly Ward and Enid Stamp-Taylor. It contains Formby's signature tune, Leaning on a Lamp-post.

Leaning on a Lamp-post
"Leaning on a Lamp-post" is a popular song written by Noel Gay and best known in the version by George Formby.

It was first performed in the 1937 film Feather Your Nest, in contrasting styles by Val Rosing and George Formby.  The film's plot revolves around Formby, a gramophone record technician, hearing Rosing record the song but then breaking the master disc and substituting his own voice.  Formby recorded the song for Regal Zonophone Records on 5 September 1937, and it became one of his most popular and best-remembered songs. The sheet music for the song was published by Cinephonic Music Co Ltd. of London, at two shillings.

A version by Herman's Hermits, credited as "Leaning on the Lamp Post", reached number nine on the US Hot 100 in 1966. On the New Zealand Listener chart it peaked at 6.  The song was added into the 1985 production of Me and My Girl, but was not in the original 1937 version of the musical.
Tulpehocken station
Tulpehocken station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Located at 333 West Tulpehocken Street in the Germantown neighborhood, it serves the Chestnut Hill West Line. The station is in Zone 1 on the Chestnut Hill West Line, and is 8.5 track miles from Suburban Station. In 2004, this station saw 176 boardings on an average weekday.

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Clifton Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of SS. Peter and Paul is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the city of Bristol (not to be confused with the Church of England Bristol Cathedral). Located in the Clifton area of the city, it is the seat and mother church of the Diocese of Clifton and is known as Clifton Cathedral. It has been a Grade II* Listed Building since 2000. A 2014 study noted it to be the only Catholic church built in the 1970s to have been Grade II* listed. It was the first cathedral built under new guidelines arising from the Second Vatican Council.

Clifton, Bristol
Clifton is an inner suburb of Bristol, England, and the name of one of the city's thirty-five electoral wards. The Clifton ward also includes the areas of Cliftonwood and Hotwells. The eastern part of the suburb lies within the ward of Clifton Down.

Clifton is home to Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Clifton Suspension Bridge; many buildings of the University of Bristol, including Goldney Hall; the Roman Catholic Clifton Cathedral; Christ Church, Clifton Down; Clifton College; Clifton High School; the former Amberley House preparatory school; Queen Elizabeth's Hospital School and The Clifton Club. It is also noted for the Downs, a large, open park.
Shri Guru Kottureshwara Temple
Shri Guru Kottureshwara Shrine at Kotturu  is an ancient shrine located at Kotturu taluk, Vijayanagara District, North Karnataka, India, 583134. This temple is 19 km from Kudligi, 28 km from Harapanahalli,  70 km from Davanagere and 253  km from Bengaluru.

Kotturu, Karnataka
Kotturu is a town and taluk located in the Vijayanagara district of Karnataka, India. It is known as the home of Guru Kottureshwara, a 15th-century Shaivite saint. Every year, more than 200,000 devotees gather to participate in the car festival (Rathotsava) held in February.

Kotturu is known for a popular dish called mandakki-menasinakayi, a combination of puffed rice mixed with savouries, served with chili pepper fritters. The chillies are slit lengthwise, stuffed with a mixture of salt and crushed cumin, dipped in lentil batter, and deep-fried.

Historically, Kotturu was known for its cotton ginning industry and as the terminus of a railway line from Hospet. In 2019, this railway line was extended to Harihara and upgraded to broad gauge.
Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber)  is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topological spaces . It acts as a homotopy theoretic kernel of a mapping of topological spaces due to the fact it yields a long exact sequence of homotopy groups

Moreover, the homotopy fiber can be found in other contexts, such as homological algebra, where the distinguished triangle

gives a long exact sequence analogous to the long exact sequence of homotopy groups. There is a dual construction called the homotopy cofiber.

Postnikov system
In homotopy theory, a branch of algebraic topology, a Postnikov system (or Postnikov tower) is a way of decomposing a topological space by filtering its homotopy type. What this looks like is for a space  there is a list of spaces  where

and there is a series of maps  that are fibrations with fibers Eilenberg-MacLane spaces . In short, we are decomposing the homotopy type of  using an inverse system of topological spaces whose homotopy type at degree  agrees with the truncated homotopy type of the original space . Postnikov systems were introduced by, and are named after, Mikhail Postnikov.

There is a similar construction called the Whitehead tower (defined below) where instead of having spaces  with the homotopy type of  for degrees , these spaces have null homotopy groups  for .
Golden House (TV series)
Golden House (Korean: 위기일발 풍년빌라; RR: Wigiilbal pungnyeonbilla; lit. Harvest Villa) is a 2010 South Korean television series starring Shin Ha-kyun, Lee Bo-young, and Baek Yoon-sik. It aired on cable channel tvN from March 5 to May 27, 2010 on Fridays at 23:00 for 20 episodes.

Shin Ha-kyun
Shin Ha-kyun (Korean: 신하균; born May 30, 1974) is a South Korean actor. He first gained recognition for his role in Joint Security Area (2000), followed by notable performances in Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance (2002), Save the Green Planet! (2003), and Welcome to Dongmakgol (2005). Shin has also been active in television, earning praise for his roles in Brain (2011), Less Than Evil (2018–2019), and Beyond Evil (2021), the latter of which earned him the Baeksang Arts Award for Best Actor.

His more recent works include the box-office hit Extreme Job (2019), the heartwarming drama Inseparable Bros (2019), and the legal drama The Auditors (2024).
Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park
Lamar Alexander Rocky Fork State Park (RFSP) is a state park spanning 2,076 acres (8.40 km2) in Unicoi County, East Tennessee, near the community of Flag Pond and the Tennessee–North Carolina state line.  The park forms the state-park component of the larger Rocky Fork conservation project, which protects the 10,000-acre Rocky Fork watershed alongside adjoining lands of the Cherokee National Forest. The park is part of the Appalachian Mountains and has access to the Appalachian Trail.

Unicoi County, Tennessee
Unicoi County (/ˈjuːnɪˌkɔɪ/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,928. Its county seat is Erwin. Unicoi is a Cherokee word meaning "white," "hazy," "fog-like," or "fog draped," and refers to the mist often seen in the foothills and mountains of this far northeast county. Unicoi County is part of the Johnson City metropolitan area, which is a component of the "Tri-Cities" region.
Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia
Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (VCMM) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sweden-based Volvo Car Corporation. The company was established in September 1966 through a joint venture between AB Volvo and the Federal Auto Company Sdn. Bhd..

Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia operates a vehicle assembly plant in Shah Alam which produces Volvo passenger cars for domestic and export markets. The 50-year-old(as of 2016) VCMM plant is the oldest automobile assembly plant in Malaysia, and is widely credited as one of the pioneers of the Malaysian automotive industry.

Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia was previously known as Swedish Motor Assemblies Sdn. Bhd. (SMA) between 1966 and 2012. From 2013 onwards, the company changed its name to Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia.

Shah Alam
Shah Alam (/ʃɑː ˈɑːləm/, Malaysian: [ʃah ˈalam], from Persian, meaning "king of the world") is a city and the state capital of Selangor, Malaysia which is situated within the Petaling District and a small portion of the neighbouring Klang District. Shah Alam replaced Kuala Lumpur as the capital city of the state of Selangor in 1978 due to Kuala Lumpur's incorporation into a Federal Territory in 1974. Shah Alam was the first planned city in Malaysia after independence from Britain in 1957.
333rd Radio-Technical Regiment
The 333rd Radio-Technical Regiment (Russian: 333-й радиотехнический полк; Military Unit Number 17646) is a radar regiment of the Russian Aerospace Forces.

Formed in 1951 as the 16th Radio-Technical Regiment, it was expanded into the 46th Radio-Technical Brigade in 1966. The brigade provided radar capability to the 6th Independent Air Defense Army and then the 54th Air Defense Corps for the air defense of Leningrad, based at Khvoyny. In 2009 it was reorganized as the 333rd Radio-Technical Regiment.

2nd Air Defence Division (Russia)
The 2nd Air Defense Division is an air defence military formation of the Russian Aerospace Forces. It was previously the 54th Air Defence Corps (Russian: 54-й корпус ПВО), a corps both of the Soviet Air Defence Forces and later the Russian Aerospace Forces.

Formed in 1986, the corps served as part of the 6th Independent Air Defense Army and then the 6th Air and Air Defense Forces Army from 1998. It was headquartered near Leningrad and controlled both interceptor and surface-to-air missile units. It was reorganized into the 2nd Air Defense Brigade in 2009, the 2nd Aerospace Defense Brigade in 2013, and the 2nd Air Defense Division in 2014.
Over the Garden Wall (1950 film)
Over the Garden Wall is a 1950 British "B" comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley and starring Norman Evans, Jimmy James and Dan Young. It was written by Harry Jackson and Blakeley. Although made on a low budget, the film often topped double bills at cinemas in the North of England because of the popularity of the performers.

Jimmy James (comedian)
Jimmy James (born James Casey; 20 May 1892 – 4 August 1965)
was an English music hall, film, radio and television comedian and comedy actor.
James had limited use for jokes as such, preferring to say things in a humorous manner, sometimes in surreal situations and as such was seen by some as well ahead of his time.
He was often hailed as a "comedians' comedian".
Adrianne Lenker
Adrianne Elizabeth Lenker (born July 9, 1991) is an American musician. She is the lead vocalist, guitarist and principal songwriter of the band Big Thief, as well as an established solo artist. She has released several solo albums, including Abysskiss (2018), Songs and Instrumentals (both 2020), and Bright Future (2024), the latter of which earned her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Folk Album.

Bright Future (Adrianne Lenker album)
Bright Future is the sixth solo studio album by Adrianne Lenker. It was released on March 22, 2024, through 4AD. The album received widespread acclaim and was nominated for Best Folk Album at the 67th Annual Grammy Awards.
Isaac Shapiro
Isaac Shapiro (born 1931) is an American lawyer with Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. He is an expert in Soviet law, Japanese law, and served as the president of Japan Society. He has also written widely about Japan and Japanese-American relations.

Japan Society (Manhattan)
Japan Society is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, formed in 1907 to promote relations between the United States and Japan. Its headquarters was designed by Junzo Yoshimura and opened in 1971 at 333 East 47th Street near the United Nations. With a focus on "arts and culture, public policy, business, language, and education", the organization has regularly held events in its many facilities, including a library, art gallery, and theater, since its opening. After suspending all activities during World War II, Japan Society expanded under the leadership of John D. Rockefeller III.
Jack Foster (journalist)
Jack Foster (1906–1978) was a prominent 20th-century journalist in the Rocky Mountain region. His career as a journalist spanned 43 years with Scripps-Howard newspapers in Cleveland, New York City, and Denver. He was the editor of the Rocky Mountain News.

Rocky Mountain News
The Rocky Mountain News (nicknamed the Rocky) was a daily newspaper published in Denver, Colorado, from April 23, 1859, until February 27, 2009. It was owned by the E. W. Scripps Company from 1926 until its closing. As of March 2006, the Monday–Friday circulation was 255,427. From the 1940s until 2009, the newspaper was printed in a tabloid format.

Under the leadership of president, publisher, and editor John Temple, the Rocky Mountain News had won four Pulitzer Prizes since 2000.  Most recently in 2006, the newspaper won two Pulitzers, in Feature Writing and Feature Photography. The paper's final issue appeared on Friday, February 27, 2009, less than two months shy of its 150th anniversary. Its demise left Denver a one-newspaper town, with The Denver Post as the sole remaining large-circulation daily.
Texas's 31st Senate district
District 31 of the Texas Senate is a senatorial district that currently serves Andrews, Armstrong, Bailey, Borden, Briscoe, Carson, Castro, Cochran, Coke, Crane, Dallam, Dawson, Deaf Smith, Ector, Gaines, Glasscock, Hall, Hansford, Hartley, Hemphill, Howard, Hutchinson, Irion, Lipscomb, Loving, Martin, Midland, Mitchell, Moore, Ochiltree, Oldham, Parmer, Potter, Randall, Reagan, Roberts, Schleicher, Scurry, Sherman, Sterling, Swisher, Upton, Ward, Winkler, Yoakum counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

The current senator from District 31 is Kevin Sparks.

Kevin Sparks
Kevin Sparks (born May 10, 1964) is an American businessman and politician serving in the Texas Senate for the 31st District since 2023. A Republican, Sparks won the Texas Panhandle and Permian Basin seat unopposed in 2022, where incumbent Republican Kel Seliger announced his retirement.
Abdel Kader Coulibaly
Abdel Kader Coulibaly (Khmer: ឃូលីបាលី អាបឌែល; born 18 June 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward or a winger for Angkor Tiger. Born in Ivory Coast, he represents Cambodia internationally.

Angkor Tiger FC
Angkor Tiger Football Club (Khmer: ក្លឹបបាល់ទាត់អង្គរថាយហ្គឺរ, Klœ̆b Băltoăt Ângkôr Thayhkœr), formerly known as TriAsia Phnom Penh FC and Cambodian Tiger FC, is a Cambodian professional football club based in Siem Reap City, Siem Reap province. Founded in 2013 and under the new ownership in 2015, the club plays in the Cambodian Premier League, the top tier of Cambodian football. The club is owned by the Japanese businessman Akihiro Kato.
Siegfried Huneck
Siegfried Huneck (9 September 1928 – 9 October 2011) was a German chemist and lichenologist. Much of his scientific career was hampered by the political situation in the former German Democratic Republic. He rejected pursuing a career in academia, and instead ended up working at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, a public research institute, from 1969 until his retirement in 1993. Despite his relative isolation and restricted freedoms in East Germany, Huneck had numerous professional contacts both in Germany and abroad, and was a highly published scholar. Many of his more than 400 scientific publications dealt with the chemistry of lichen products. He was awarded the Acharius Medal for lifetime achievements in lichenology in 1996.

Acharius Medal
The Acharius Medal is awarded by the International Association for Lichenology (IAL) for lifetime achievement in lichenology. The organization resolved at its 1990 meeting that it would simultaneously honor professional achievement and commemorate Erik Acharius (recognized as the "Father of Lichenology") by presenting a medal in his name.

The first Acharius Medal was made in 1846 by the Royal Swedish Mint for the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, although the original purpose for that medal is not known. Because the Swedish Mint still had the dies for the original medal, the IAL arranged for new medals to be made. The first of the new medals were awarded in that same year (1992) at the association's congress in Båstad, Sweden.
Port Huron station
Port Huron station is an Amtrak station in Port Huron, Michigan, and the eastern terminus of the Blue Water. The current station opened in 1979. It sits six blocks west of the St. Clair Tunnel, but the passenger tracks now terminate here and only freight tracks bypass the station and continue to Canada. Port Huron is the division point between the Flint Subdivision to Battle Creek, Michigan, and the Strathroy Subdivision to London, Ontario.

The station was formerly served by the International Limited, which was operated jointly by Via Rail and Amtrak between Chicago and Toronto. The service, which had started in 1982, was discontinued in 2004. The Port Huron station had contained  a United States Immigration Office while it served the International Limited.

St. Clair Tunnel
The St. Clair Tunnel is the name for two separate rail tunnels which were built under the St. Clair River between Sarnia, Ontario and Port Huron, Michigan. The original opened in 1891 and was the first full-size subaqueous tunnel built in North America.  It was replaced by a new larger tunnel in 1994.  It is a National Historic Landmark of the United States, and has been designated a civil engineering landmark by both US and Canadian engineering bodies.
The One (2011 film)
The One is a 2011 American romantic comedy film produced, written and directed by Caytha Jentis, in her directorial debut. It stars Jon Prescott, Ian Novick and Margaret Anne Florence. The film premiered at the Philadelphia CineFest on April 8, 2011, and was also screened at the Frameline Film Festival in June 2011, and at the Philadelphia QFest, in July 2011. It had a limited theatrical release on October 7, 2011. Fox Meadow Films, owned by Jentis, produced the feature film. Jentis said she wrote the screenplay "after spending several nights with friends discussing true love", and it was the fastest script she had ever written.

Margaret Anne Florence
Margaret Anne Florence (born December 8, 1978) is an actress, singer, and model based in New York City.  Margaret Anne has been featured in major motion pictures, television, independent films, and on the New York stage. She frequently appears in national and international television commercials and print advertisements.
Muhammad Hussain Najafi
Grand Ayatollah Shaikh Muhammad Hussain Najafi (Arabic: آيت الله العظمى علامه شيخ محمد حسين; 10 April 1932 – 21 August 2023) was a Pakistani Twelver Shia Marja. Muhammad Hussain Najafi was running a Hawza in Sargodha. Najafi was included in all the editions of "The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims" since 2010. He is one of the nine marja's mentioned in the most recent edition.

Hussain Bakhsh Jarra
Ayatollah Allama Hussain Bakhsh Jarra (5 January, 1918 – 1990) was a prominent Shia scholar from Punjab, Pakistan. He earned his degree of ijtihad from Hawza Elmiye Najaf, Iraq.

He wrote famous tafsir (exegesis) of Quran named by Anwar Najaf fi Asrar Najaf. It has 15 volumes. The 13 volumes (2 to 14) consist of exegesis of Quran from Surah Al-Fatiha to Surah Al-Nas and the First and Last volume i.e. 15 are about special features of Quranic Compilation History, Benefit of Chapters, Verses and Various other Topics.
2025 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships
The 2025 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships was the 76th edition of UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships. 
It was the annual edition of the world championships in the cycling discipline of cyclo-cross and was organized by UCI between the 31st January and 2 February 2025 in Liévin, in France.

2024–25 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup
The 2024–25 UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup was the 32nd edition of UCI Cyclo-cross World Cup. It was a season-long cyclo-cross competition, organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and Flanders Classics, that took place between 24 November 2024 and 26 January 2025.

The defending champions in the Elite category were Eli Iserbyt in the men's competition and Ceylin del Carmen Alvarado in the women's competition.
Nancy McCord
Nancy McCord (died July 8, 1974, Arcadia, California) was an American soprano and actress who had an active career in opera, musical theatre, and vaudeville during the 1920s, 1930s and early 1940s. She appeared in operettas and musicals on Broadway and in operas with several American companies, including the St. Louis Municipal Opera and the Metropolitan Opera. Her repertoire consisted mainly of roles from light opera and operettas. She is best remembered for creating the roles of Marie-Baroness von Schlewitz in the original production of Oscar Hammerstein II and Sigmund Romberg's May Wine (1935); and Mary Stone in the world premiere of Douglas Moore's The Devil and Daniel Webster (1939). She also performed leading roles in the United States premieres of two operettas:  Franz Lehár's The Land of Smiles (1933, Boston) and Robert Stolz's Venus in Seide (1935, Saint Louis).

The Land of Smiles
The Land of Smiles (German: Das Land des Lächelns) is a 1929 romantic operetta in three acts by Franz Lehár. The German language libretto was by Ludwig Herzer and Fritz Löhner-Beda. The performance duration is about 100 minutes.

This was one of Lehár's later works, and has a bittersweet ending which the Viennese loved. The title refers to the supposed Chinese custom of smiling, whatever happens in life. (The leading character, Prince Sou-Chong has a song early in the show, "Immer nur lächeln" ("Always smiling") which describes this.)