hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Leesburg Athletics
The Leesburg Athletics (or the interchangeable A's) was the final name of a professional minor league baseball team, based in Leesburg, Florida from 1965 to 1968. Beginning play in 1937, Leesburg teams played exclusively as members of the Florida State League, winning league championships in 1941 and 1966.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Rollie Fingers played for the 1965 Leesburg Athletics.

Florida State League
The Florida State League (FSL) is a Minor League Baseball league based in the state of Florida. Having been classified at various levels throughout its existence, it operated at Class A-Advanced from 1990 until its demotion to Single-A following Major League Baseball's 2021 reorganization of the minor leagues. The league temporarily operated for the 2021 season as the Low-A Southeast before reassuming its original moniker in 2022.

Each league member is affiliated with a Major League Baseball (MLB) team, and most play in their affiliate's spring training facility.
Sinking of the Moskva
The Russian warship Moskva, the flagship of the Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet, was attacked and sunk by Ukrainian forces on 14 April 2022 during the Russo-Ukrainian war. Ukrainian officials announced that their forces had hit and damaged it with two R-360 Neptune anti-ship missiles, and that the ship had then caught fire. The United States Department of Defense later confirmed this, and Russia reported that the ship had sunk in stormy seas after the fire reached ammunition on board that exploded.

The cruiser is the largest Russian warship to be sunk in wartime since the end of World War II, and the first Russian flagship sunk since Knyaz Suvorov in 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War.

Russia said that 396 crew members had been evacuated, with one sailor killed and 27 missing, but there are unverified reports of more casualties. At least 17 of the missing crew members were later declared dead by a court in Sevastopol.

Anti-ship missile
An anti-ship missile (AShM or ASM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea-skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A large number of other anti-ship missiles use infrared homing to follow the heat that is emitted by a ship; it is also possible for anti-ship missiles to be guided by radio command all the way.

Many anti-ship missiles can be launched from a variety of weapons systems including surface warships (also referred to as ship-to-ship missiles), submarines, bombers, fighter planes, patrol planes, helicopters, shore batteries, land vehicles, and, conceivably, even infantrymen firing shoulder-launched missiles. The term surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is used when appropriate. The longer-range anti-ship missiles are often called anti-ship cruise missiles. Several countries  are also developing anti-ship ballistic missiles.
Torridge and Tavistock
Torridge and Tavistock is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election. It is represented by Conservative Sir Geoffrey Cox KC, who had been the MP for the predecessor seat of Torridge and West Devon from 2005 to 2024.

Torridge and West Devon
Torridge and West Devon was a constituency in Devon represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.

Under the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, the constituency was abolished. Subject to minor boundary changes, it was reformed as Torridge and Tavistock, which was first contested at the 2024 general election.
RMR (revolver)
The RMR was a double-action revolver chambered for .357 Magnum cartridges chosen by the French National Police to replace the Manurhin MR 73. Production was a joint venture between Manurhin and Sturm, Ruger & Co. and ran from 1981 to 1984.

Manurhin
Manurhin is a trademark used by Chapuis Armes since 1998. It is used to designate the Manurhin MR 73 revolver family, manufactured at Saint-Bonnet-le-Château, France.

The genesis of the term “Manurhin” is Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin founded in 1919 by Julius Spengler (Frenchified by him to Jules Spengler). The trademark was originally held by an earlier designer and manufacturer of the revolver. It now manufactures only military munitions.
John Nankudhu
John ya Otto Nankudhu (1933–2011, nom de guerre: Koshiwanda, the surname is sometimes also spelled Nankugu) was a Namibian guerrilla, army officer and politician. He was the commander of the forces of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) at Omugulugwombashe when the armed struggle for independence began there on 26 August 1966 and was later jailed for 17 years at Robben Island. He is a National Hero of Namibia for his contributions to the independence of the country.

Omugulugwombashe
17°46′04″S 14°42′11″E﻿ / ﻿17.76778°S 14.70306°E﻿ / -17.76778; 14.70306
Omugulugwombashe (also: Ongulumbashe, official: Omugulu gwOombashe; Otjiherero: giraffe leg) is a settlement in the Tsandi electoral constituency in the Omusati Region of northern Namibia. The settlement features a clinic and a primary school. In 1966, the first battle of the South African Border War was fought in Omugulugwombashe. The government of Namibia erected a monument on the 30th anniversary of the battle in 1996.

Omugulugwombashe is located 22km west of Tsandi, on the D3633 gravel road.
Ian Nicolson
Ian Alan Nicolson (born 9 October 1986) is a Zimbabwean cricketer who took part in the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup. He currently plays first-class, List A and Twenty20 cricket for the Mid West Rhinos cricket team in Zimbabwe.

Nicolson has represented Zimbabwe in ODI cricket, playing two matches.

He, along with Shingirai Masakadza, holds the record for the highest last-wicket stand in ODIs for Zimbabwe (60)

Shingirai Masakadza
Shingirai Winston Masakadza (born 4 September 1986) is a cricketer and former professional footballer from Zimbabwe. The brother of former Zimbabwe cricket captain Hamilton Masakadza, he is a pace bowler and middle-order batsmen. After making his first class debut for Easterns in 2008, he was called up to the Zimbabwe squad to face the West Indies in the Caribbean in February 2010. Before becoming a full-time cricketer, Massakadza played football for Dynamos, one of Zimbabwe's most popular clubs.

In the summer of 2022, Shingi played for Ackworth Cricket Club in the Yorkshire Cricket Southern Premier League. He played a pivotal role in the team getting promoted at the first attempt after winning the division
2008 Tashkent Open
The 2008 Tashkent Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 10th edition of the Tashkent Open, and was part of the Tier IV Series of the 2008 WTA Tour. It took place at the Tashkent Tennis Center in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from September 29 through October 5, 2008. Third-seeded Sorana Cîrstea won the singles title.

Sorana Cîrstea
Sorana Mihaela Cîrstea (Romanian pronunciation: [soˈrana ˈkɨrste̯a]; born 7 April 1990) is a Romanian professional tennis player. In singles, she achieved a career-high ranking of world No. 21 on 12 August 2013. In doubles, her career-best ranking is No. 35, which she reached on 9 March 2009. On the WTA Tour, she has won four singles and six doubles titles.

Cîrstea's greatest achievements are the final at the 2013 Rogers Cup and the 2025 Madrid Open doubles title with Anna Kalinskaya.
Juno and Avos (opera)
Juno and Avos (Russian: Юнона и Авось, Junona i Avos') is a popular Russian-language rock opera written by Alexey Rybnikov, poetry by Andrei Voznesensky. It was first performed in 1981 in the Lenkom Theatre, Moscow, directed by Mark Zakharov. Main roles in the premiere performed by Soviet stars Nikolai Karachentsov and Elena Shanina.

The opera is named after the two ships Juno and Avos that constituted the expedition headed by Russian explorer Nikolai Rezanov. The plot is based on the love story of Nikolai Rezanov and Concepción Argüello, a 15-year-old daughter of José Darío Argüello, the colonial governor of Spanish California.

The performance was first recorded for television in 1983, the second television version was created in 2002.

The opera's first premiere abroad took place at Espace Cardin theater in Paris in 1983.

Nikolai Karachentsov
Nikolai Petrovich Karachentsov (Russian: Николай Петрович Караченцов, 27 October 1944 – 26 October 2018) was a Soviet and Russian film and stage actor of Lenkom Theatre. Karachentsov's popularity peaked in the late 1970s and early 1980s among the Soviet youth after he had starred in rock operas. In 1989 he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR. In 2003 he received the State Prize of the Russian Federation. He was also awarded the Order of Honour and Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class.
Peter Bicknell
Peter Bicknell (16 June 1907 – 31 May 1995) was a British architect, author, exhibition curator and mountaineer. He practised as an architect in Cambridge with H. C. Hughes as Hughes and Bicknell, including commissions for the University of Cambridge and its colleges, notably Fen Court at Peterhouse (1939) and an extension to the Scott Polar Research Institute (1968), as well as commercial buildings and private houses. His designs were predominantly Modernist in style. He lectured in architecture and art history at the Cambridge School of Architecture, and was a fellow of Downing College.

In the 1980s, after retiring from his architectural practice, Bicknell curated art history exhibitions at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge and elsewhere. As a mountaineer, he is remembered for his 1932 traverse of the Cuillin Ridge on Skye in just over 8 hours. His books include British Hills and Mountains (1947) and Picturesque Scenery of the Lake District 1752–1855 (1990).

Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge
The Department of Architecture is part of the Faculty of Architecture and History of Art in the University of Cambridge. Both Departments are housed in Scroope Terrace on Trumpington Street, Cambridge.

The department is currently led by Flora Samuel.
Bilingual Research Journal
The Bilingual Research Journal is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering bilingual and multilingual education theory and practice and language policies in education. It is the only journal specifically dedicated to bilingual/multilingual education.

The journal was established in 1975 by the US National Association for Bilingual Education as The Journal of the National Association for Bilingual Education (or NABE Journal). The first edition was May 1976, under editor Alma Flor Ada. It continued to publish three editions a year, under a series of different editors, until spring 1989, when there was a break in publication. The journal was then renamed to Bilingual Research Journal, its first edition as such being the Winter/Spring 1992 edition, under editor Andrea B. Bermúdez.

As of 2025, the journal is published by Taylor and Francis. The editors, since 2023, are Dr Ester de Jong and Dr Cristina Gillanders, both of the University of Colorado, Denver.

National Association for Bilingual Education
The National Association for Bilingual Education (NABE) is a non-profit organization founded in 1975 in the United States. NABE advocates for the development and implementation of bilingual education programs, aiming to address the educational needs of students who speak a language other than English at home. The organization emphasizes academic programs that support English proficiency while maintaining respect for linguistic and cultural diversity.
Herbrandization
The Herbrandization of a logical formula (named after Jacques Herbrand) is a construction that is dual to the Skolemization of a formula.  Thoralf Skolem had considered the Skolemizations of formulas in prenex form as part of his proof of the Löwenheim–Skolem theorem (Skolem 1920).  Herbrand worked with this dual notion of Herbrandization, generalized to apply to non-prenex formulas as well, in order to prove Herbrand's theorem (Herbrand 1930).

The resulting formula is not necessarily equivalent to the original one. As with Skolemization, which only preserves satisfiability, Herbrandization being Skolemization's dual preserves validity: the resulting formula is valid if and only if the original one is.

Herbrand's theorem
Herbrand's theorem is a fundamental result of mathematical logic obtained by Jacques Herbrand (1930). It essentially allows a certain kind of reduction of first-order logic to propositional logic. Herbrand's theorem is the logical foundation for most automatic theorem provers. Although Herbrand originally proved his theorem for arbitrary formulas of first-order logic, the simpler version shown here, restricted to formulas in prenex form containing only existential quantifiers, became more popular.
Jagat Lal Master
Jagat Lal Master (Nepali: जगतलाल मास्टर; 1902 – 19 January 1967) (alternative name:  Jagat Lal Shrestha) was a Nepalese educator and writer. He advocated the teaching of English and ran a school at his home, risking state censure during the time of the autocratic Rana regime. Jagat Lal also wrote textbooks and children's stories in Nepal Bhasa.

Jagat Lal was born in Kathmandu. His father and mother were Shyam Krishna and Ratna Maya Shrestha. He was taught by the renowned educator and visionary Jagat Sundar Malla, who emphasized the teaching of English language in the mother tongue Nepal Bhasa. Jagat Lal was the father of folklorist and author Kesar Lall.

Kesar Lall
Kesar Lall (Nepali: केसर लाल; 15 July 1926 – 26 December 2012) (alternative name: Kesar Lall Shrestha) was a Nepalese folklorist and writer. He has published more than 50 books of stories and poetry. He wrote in Nepali, Nepal Bhasa and English.
2005 San Diego mayoral special election
The 2004 San Diego mayoral special election was a special election held on Tuesday, November 8, 2004, to elect the mayor for San Diego. The special election was necessary due to the resignation of former Mayor Dick Murphy.

Municipal elections in California are officially non-partisan, though some candidates do receive funding and support from various political parties. The non-partisan special primary was held Tuesday, June 3, 2008. San Diego City Council member Donna Frye and former San Diego police chief Jerry Sanders received the most votes and advanced to the November special general election. Sanders was elected mayor with a majority of the votes in November.

Jerry Sanders (politician)
Gerald Robert "Jerry" Sanders (born July 14, 1950) is an American former politician and law enforcement officer from San Diego, California. He served as the 34th mayor of San Diego and was chief of police of the San Diego Police Department. As of December 2012, he is the president and CEO of the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce.
El Chicano (film)
El Chicano is a 2018 American superhero film directed by Ben Hernandez Bray, who co-wrote the screenplay with Joe Carnahan. It stars Raúl Castillo, Aimee Garcia, and George Lopez. The film has been called the "first Latino superhero movie". It premiered in September 2018 at the Los Angeles Film Festival and was released in the United States on May 3, 2019.
Frank Grillo and Lorenzo di Bonaventura served as executive producers. The story follows Detective Diego Hernandez, who discovers that his twin brother’s death is tied to gang violence and a powerful drug cartel. As he digs deeper, he uncovers a hidden vigilante myth known as “El Chicano,” a masked figure seen as a protector of East L.A. Diego takes on the mantle to fight against a rising criminal threat and to reconcile with his brother’s past.

Raúl Castillo (actor)
Raúl Castillo Jr. (born August 30, 1977) is an American actor and playwright. He is known for his acting roles in Amexicano and Cold Weather and his role as Richie Donado Ventura in the HBO series Looking and its subsequent series finale television film, Looking: The Movie. He received a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his performance in the film We the Animals.

His notable written plays include Border Stories and Between Me, You, and the Lampshade. His works are associated with the LAByrinth Theater Company and the Atlantic Theater Company.
Damot Weyde
Damot Weyde is a district in South Ethiopia Regional State of Ethiopia. It is a part of the Wolayita Zone located in the Great Rift Valley, Damot Weyde is bordered on the south by Hobicha, on the west by Sodo Zuria, on the northwest by Damot Gale, on the north and northeast by Diguna Fango. The administrative center of the district is Bedessa.

Damot Weyde has 58 kilometers of all-weather roads and 90 kilometers of dry-weather roads, for an average road density of 191 kilometers per 1000 square kilometers.

Prior to the Ethiopian 2005 General Elections, Amnesty International reports that two activists for the Coalition for Unity and Democracy were arrested while campaigning in this district towards the end of February 2005. Amnesty International included this incident as part of a series of government intimidation of opposition party activists.

Bedessa, Wolaita
Bedessa (Geʽez: በዴሳ, Wolayttattuwa: Baddeessa) is a town and separate district in Wolayita Zone of the South Ethiopia Regional State, Ethiopia.  The town is administrative capital of Damot Weyde district of Wolayita Zone, Ethiopia. Bedessa is located about 373 KM away from Addis Ababa to the south on Sodo-Dimtu-Hawassa road, and 21 KM away from Sodo, the capital of Wolaita Zone. The amenities in the town are, 24 hours electricity, pure public water, banks, schools, postal service, telecommunications services and others. The town has a wire bridge which connects the town with other surrounding communities. Bedessa lies between 6°52'58.9"N 37°55'58.5"E.
Hohe Warte (ridge)
The Hohe Warte (318–493 m above NN) is a largely forested upland with four striking hills on the southwestern fringe of the Fichtel Mountains located in northern Bavaria, near Bayreuth. Its highest peak is the Hirschberg (493 m). About 60% of the ridge lies on the territory of the parish of Bindlach, the other 40% is divided between the town of Bayreuth and the parish of Heinersreuth. A number of lakes and streams have their origin in these hills and are an important source of drinking water for the surrounding settlements.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.
Battle of Memel
The Battle of Memel or the siege of Memel (German: Erste Kurlandschlacht) was a battle which took place on the Eastern Front during World War II. The battle began when the Red Army launched its Memel offensive operation (Russian: Мемельская наступательная операция) in late 1944. The offensive drove remaining German forces in the area that is now Lithuania and Latvia into a small bridgehead in Klaipėda (Memel) and its port, leading to a three-month siege of that position.

The bridgehead was finally crushed as part of the subsequent Soviet East Prussian offensive in early 1945.

Gumbinnen Operation
The Gumbinnen Operation, also known as the Goldap Operation (or Goldap-Gumbinnen Operation, Russian: Гумбиннен-Гольдапская наступательная операция), was a Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front late in 1944, in which forces of the 3rd Belorussian Front attempted to penetrate the borders of East Prussia.
Ussuri brown bear
The Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus), also known as the Ezo brown bear, or the black grizzly bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear or a population of the Eurasian brown bear (U. a. arctos). The native range of the bear lies mainly in the Russian Far East, Northeast China, Hokkaido and on some islands in the Sea of Okhotsk. Its name is derived from the Ussuri river. One of the largest brown bears, a very large Ussuri brown bear may approach the Kodiak bear in size. It is related to the North American grizzly bear.

Ussuri black bear
The Ussuri black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus), also known as the Manchurian black bear, is a large subspecies of the Asian black bear native to the Russian Far East, Northeast China and the Korean Peninsula. The subspecies is named after the Ussuri River. It is the largest subspecies of the Asiatic black bear.
Ariela Barer
Ariela Barer (born October 14, 1998) is an American actress and filmmaker. She co-wrote, starred in, and produced the 2023 ecological thriller How to Blow Up a Pipeline, based on the Andreas Malm non-fiction book of the same name. The film premiered in competition at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival and received distribution through Neon. Barer's other film roles include Ladyworld (2018), Disfluency (2021), and See You When I See You (2026).

On television, Barer has played Gert Yorkes in the Hulu original series Marvel's Runaways (2017–2019) and  Mel in the HBO post-apocalyptic drama series The Last of Us (2025–present). Her recurring roles include stints on the Netflix comedy-drama series One Day at a Time and Atypical (2017–2018), as well as the Peacock reboot of Saved By the Bell (2021). Additionally, Barer co-starred as Ziggy, the adopted daughter of Katey Sagal's character in the short-lived ABC drama series Rebel (2021). Her older sister is actress Libe Barer.

Ladyworld
Ladyworld  is a 2018 American thriller film directed by Amanda Kramer and starring Ariela Barer, Annalise Basso, Ryan Simpkins, Odessa Adlon, and Maya Hawke. An all-female take on the 1954 novel Lord of the Flies, Ladyworld follows eight teenage girls trapped in a house together after an earthquake. As food and water run low, their sanity begins to disintegrate and they soon regress to their basic instincts.
Spectral Mornings
Spectral Mornings is the third studio album by English guitarist and songwriter Steve Hackett, released in May 1979 on Charisma Records. It is his first to feature members of his touring band, which many Hackett fans consider as the "classic line-up". The musicians are his brother John Hackett, Nick Magnus, Dik Cadbury, John Shearer, and Pete Hicks.

In 2005, Spectral Mornings was remastered and re-released on Virgin Records. The new edition features updated liner notes and bonus tracks. A new 5.1 surround mix of the album by Steven Wilson is included in Hackett's 2015 compilation box set Premonitions: The Charisma Recordings 1975–1983. In 2015, Hackett appeared on a re-recorded version, "Spectral Mornings 2015", with new lyrics written by David Longdon of Big Big Train, and sung by Longdon and Christina Booth of Magenta. Proceeds from the track on release went to Parkinson's Society UK.

John Hackett (musician)
John Hackett (born 13 March 1955) is a British musician, the younger brother of guitarist Steve Hackett. Although his primary instrument is the flute, he also plays guitar, bass, bass pedals and keyboards.
Mount Rose Ski Tahoe
Mount Rose Ski Tahoe (commonly known as Mount Rose) is a ski resort in Nevada, United States. The resort is situated in the Sierra Nevada mountains, near to Reno, Incline Village, and Lake Tahoe.

Despite the name, the resort is actually on the slopes of Slide Mountain rather than Mount Rose, which is on the other side of Nevada State Route 431. The resort is known for having the highest base elevation of any ski resort in the Lake Tahoe region, at 8,260 ft (2,520 m).

Slide Mountain (Nevada)
Slide Mountain is a 9,702-foot (2,957 m) peak in the Carson Range near Reno, in Washoe County, Nevada.  From the summit of Slide Mountain, Lake Tahoe, Washoe Lake, Carson Valley, and the city of Reno can be viewed.