hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William Plumer
William Plumer (June 25, 1759 – December 22, 1850) was an American lawyer, Baptist lay preacher, and politician from Epping, New Hampshire. He is most notable for his service as a Federalist in the United States Senate (1802–1807), and the seventh governor of New Hampshire as a Democratic-Republican (1812–1813, 1816–1819).

Epping, New Hampshire
Epping is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 7,125 at the 2020 census, up from 6,411 at the 2010 census.

The main village, where 2,693 people resided at the 2020 census, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Epping census-designated place (CDP), along New Hampshire Route 27 just west of New Hampshire Route 125.
Aleksey Yakimenko
Aleksey Andreyevich Yakimenko (Russian: Алексей Андреевич Якименко; born 31 October 1983) is a Russian sabre fencer, eight-time team world champion (2002, 2003, 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016), eleven-time European champion (team and individual), and team bronze medallist in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He won the Fencing World Cup series three times (2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11), with fifteen titles to his name, and earned five gold medals in the Universiade.

Veniamin Reshetnikov
Veniamin Sergeyevich Reshetnikov (Russian: Вениамин Сергеевич Решетников; born 28 July 1986) is a Russian left-handed sabre fencer.

Reshetnikov is a two-time team European champion, two-time individual European champion, three-time team world champion, and 2013 individual world champion. Reshetnikov competed in the 2012 London Olympic Games, where he finished 17th in the individual men's sabre event.
Hello, Sister! (1933 film)
Hello, Sister! is a 1933 American pre-Code drama-romance film produced by Fox Film Corporation. It was directed by Erich von Stroheim, Raoul Walsh, Alfred L. Werker, and Edwin Burke, although none of those directors are credited. The film is a re-edited version of von Stroheim's now-lost film Walking Down Broadway.

The film stars  James Dunn, ZaSu Pitts, Minna Gombell, and Boots Mallory. The story follows the relationship between an innocent, small-town boy and girl who are overmatched by the vastness and crudeness of New York City, but whose love overcomes both their surroundings and their friends' attempts to separate them. The theme of loneliness among singles and the practice of "picking up" strangers to satisfy sexual longing are also explored. Hello, Sister! was also thought to have been lost, until a print was found in the early 1970s.

ZaSu Pitts
ZaSu Pitts (/ˈseɪzuː ˈpɪts/; January 3, 1894 – June 7, 1963) was an American actress, who in a career spanning nearly five decades, starred in many silent film dramas, such as Erich von Stroheim's 1924 epic Greed, along with comedies, before moving into sound films, mostly in comedy roles. She also appeared on numerous radio shows and later on television. She was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 at 6554 Hollywood Blvd.
West Virginia Route 68
West Virginia Route 68 is a north–south state highway in northwest West Virginia. The southern terminus of the route is at West Virginia Route 2 on the southern outskirts of Ravenswood. The northern terminus is at Interstate 77/WV 2 exit 179 northeast of Parkersburg. WV 2, concurrent with I-77 south of this location, departs the expressway and continues north on the same roadway as WV 68.

Interstate 77 in West Virginia
Interstate 77 (I-77) in the US state of West Virginia is a major north–south Interstate Highway. It extends for 187.21 miles (301.29 km) between Bluefield at the Virginia state line and Williamstown at the Ohio state line.

The highway serves Charleston, the capital and largest city in West Virginia; it also serves the cities of Princeton, Beckley, and Parkersburg. I-77 follows the entire length of the West Virginia Turnpike, a toll road that runs between Princeton and Charleston, and it runs concurrently with I-64 between Beckley and Charleston.

Historically, the West Virginia Turnpike was a two-lane road with treacherous curves and a tunnel (which has since been decommissioned). Construction began in 1952, several years before the Interstate Highway System was funded. It was only in 1987 that the entire length of the turnpike was upgraded to Interstate standards. Due to the difficulty and lives lost in construction, it has been called "88 miles of miracle".
Kernel (linear algebra)
In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the part of the domain which is mapped to the zero vector of the co-domain; the kernel is always a linear subspace of the domain. That is, given a linear map L : V → W between two vector spaces V and W, the kernel of L is the vector space of all elements v of V such that L(v) = 0, where 0 denotes the zero vector in W, or more symbolically:

Rank (linear algebra)
In linear algebra, the rank of a matrix A is the dimension of the vector space generated (or spanned) by its columns. This corresponds to the maximal number of linearly independent columns of A. This, in turn, is identical to the dimension of the vector space spanned by its rows. Rank is thus a measure of the "nondegenerateness" of the system of linear equations and linear transformation encoded by A. There are multiple equivalent definitions of rank. A matrix's rank is one of its most fundamental characteristics.

The rank is commonly denoted by rank(A) or rk(A); sometimes the parentheses are not written, as in rank A.

More generally, the rank of a linear map between two vector spaces is the dimension of its image.
Willow Garage
37°27′08″N 122°09′58″W﻿ / ﻿37.45224167°N 122.16618889°W﻿ / 37.45224167; -122.16618889

Willow Garage was a robotics research lab and technology incubator devoted to developing hardware and open source software for personal robotics applications. The company was best known for its open source software suite Robot Operating System (ROS), which rapidly became a common, standard tool among robotics researchers upon its initial release in 2010. It was created in late 2006 by Scott Hassan, who had worked with Larry Page and Sergey Brin to develop the technology that became the Google Search engine. Steve Cousins was the president and CEO. Willow Garage was located in Menlo Park, California.

Willow Garage shut down in early 2014. Most employees were retained by Suitable Technologies, Inc, while the support and services responsibilities were transferred to Clearpath Robotics. Willow Garage's website, however, remained open until April 20, 2021.

Open Robotics
37°27′08″N 122°09′58″W﻿ / ﻿37.45224167°N 122.16618889°W﻿ / 37.45224167; -122.16618889

Open Robotics is a nonprofit corporation headquartered in Mountain View, California. It is the primary maintainer of the Robot Operating System, and the Gazebo simulator. Its stated mission is to support "the development, distribution and adoption of open source software for use in robotics research, education, and product development".

Open Robotics funds its operations through the contributions of various public and private organizations, some of whom also engage its services for the development of various robotics applications, robotics R&D and consulting. Notable sources of past and current funding include DARPA, NASA, Amazon, Bosch, Nvidia and the Toyota Research Institute.
Goran Fiorentini
Goran Fiorentini (born 21 November 1981) is a Croatian-Italian former water polo player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics. He is the elder brother of Deni Fiorentini and son of Yugoslavia player Branko Jovanović. Like his brother he holds dual Croatian-Italian citizenship.

Deni Fiorentini
Deni Fiorentini (born 5 June 1984) is a Croatian-Italian water polo player. Until 2006 he was part of Croatia men's national water polo team. He has dual Italian and Croatian citizenship. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed for the Italy men's national water polo team in the men's event. His father Branko Jovanović used to play for POŠK and Yugoslavia men's national water polo team. His brother Goran was also a water polo player. He is 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall.
Gore Hill Freeway
Gore Hill Freeway is a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) divided freeway located in Sydney, New South Wales that is part of the Sydney Orbital Network and Highway 1. The primary function of the freeway is to provide an alternative high-grade route from Lane Cove to Naremburn and to reduce traffic demands on Pacific Highway throughout Sydney's Lower North Shore, bypassing Gore Hill and St Leonards.

Lane Cove
Lane Cove is a suburb  on the Lower North Shore of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Lane Cove is nine kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district and is the administrative centre for the local government area of the Lane Cove Council. Lane Cove West and Lane Cove North are separate suburbs.

Lane Cove occupies a peninsula on the northern side of Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), at the opening of the Lane Cove River. The regional administrative and shopping hub of Chatswood is located three kilometres away, along with Macquarie Park four kilometres away.
Adamou Harouna
Major (or possibly Colonel) Abdoulaye Adamou Harouna (whose name is also reported as Harouna Adamou) is a Nigerien military figure who led the military coup which overthrew President Mamadou Tandja on February 18, 2010.

During the 1999 coup, he served as a close aide to the leader, Daouda Malam Wanké.

In 2010 Harouna led the coup action, in which soldiers drove into Niamey, opened fire on the presidential palace, and captured President Tandja. After the success of the coup, Chef d'escadron Salou Djibo became Niger's de facto leader as head of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy.

Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy
The Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (French: Conseil suprême pour la Restauration de la Démocratie, or CSRD), led by Salou Djibo, was a military junta that staged a coup in Niger on 18 February 2010, deposing President Mamadou Tandja in response to Tandja's attempts to remain in office after his term was over. The CSRD stated that its objective is to make Niger an example of "democracy and good governance."

During the two days following the coup, thousands of people demonstrated in the streets to support the military government and its stated intention of installing democracy. The junta scheduled a referendum later that year to ask the public whether the junta should hand over power within the year, which passed successfully. As stipulated by the referendum, the junta scheduled free and fair elections for 2011, in which former opposition leader Mahamadou Issoufou was elected president, and returned control of the government.
Martha Allen Sherwood
Martha Allen Sherwood (November 8, 1948 – October 19, 2020) was an American lichenologist and mycologist. She circumscribed the genus Xerotrema with Brian John Coppins and the genus Marthamyces is named after her.

Xerotrema
Xerotrema is a small genus of fungi in the family Odontotremataceae. It comprises two species. The genus was circumscribed by Martha Allen Sherwood and Brian John Coppins in 1980. The type species, Xerotrema megalospora, is found in the United States and Canada. X. quercicola was added to the genus in 2008. These fungi produce tiny, deeply cup-shaped fruiting bodies on weathered, barkless wood of conifers and hardwoods in temperate regions. While the genus was originally thought to be non-lichenized, at least one species appears to form facultative partnerships with green algae, meaning it can survive with or without an algal partner.
Burham, Ramallah
Burham (Arabic: بُرهام) is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate located twelve kilometers north of Ramallah. The largest nearby town is Bir Zeit located to the southeast. The average elevation of Burham is 680 meters above sea level. The village was established during the Byzantine Empire rule over Palestine.

Birzeit
Birzeit (Arabic: بيرزيت), also Bir Zeit (بير زيت), is a Palestinian Christian town north of Ramallah, in the West Bank. Its population in the 2017 census was 5,878. Birzeit is home to Birzeit University and to the Birzeit Brewery.
Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (Italy)
The Shrine of Our Lady of Europe (Italian: Santuario di Nostra Signora d'Europa; Lombard: Santüari se la Madòna d'Europa) is a Roman Catholic shrine at Campodolcino, Lombardy, Italy. It is devoted to Our Lady of Europe (Italian: Madonna d'Europa; Lombard: Madòna d'Europa) and is currently the headquarters of the European Ecumenical Centre for Peace.

Campodolcino
Campodolcino (Lombard: Candulscin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Milan and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Sondrio, on the border with Switzerland. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,077 and an area of 48.3 square kilometres (18.6 sq mi).

The municipality of Campodolcino contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Fraciscio, Motta (the site of the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe), Strarleggia and Tini.

Campodolcino borders the following municipalities: Madesimo, Mesocco (Switzerland), Piuro, San Giacomo Filippo.
Beatrice of Silesia
Beatrice of Silesia (also known as Beatrice of Świdnica; Polish: Beatrycze świdnicka, German: Beatrix von Schweidnitz ; 1290 – 24 August 1322) was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast in the Silesian branch of Jawor-Świdnica and by marriage Duchess of Bavaria and German Queen.

Louis V, Duke of Bavaria
Louis V, called the Brandenburger (May 1315 – 18 September 1361), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Margrave of Brandenburg from 1323 to 1351 and as Duke of Bavaria from 1347 until his death. From 1342 he also was co-ruling Count of Tyrol by his marriage with the Meinhardiner countess Margaret.
Peter Todd
Peter M. Todd (born 1962) is a Canadian professor and academic administrator. He has served as the Dean of the Imperial Business School at Imperial College, London since September 2024. From July 2015 to October 2020, he served as the director of HEC Paris, and was the dean of McGill University's Desautels Faculty of Management from 2005 to 2014.

Desautels Faculty of Management
The Desautels Faculty of Management is a faculty of McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The faculty offers a range of undergraduate and graduate-level business programs, including the Bachelor of Commerce, Master of Business Administration and Doctor of Philosophy in management degrees. The Faculty of Management also offers a joint MBA/Law program with McGill's Faculty of Law.
Chartreuse (liqueur)
Chartreuse (US: /ʃɑːrˈtruːz, -ˈtruːs/ ⓘ, UK: /-ˈtrɜːz/, French: [ʃaʁtʁøz]) is a French herbal liqueur available in green and yellow versions that differ in taste and alcohol content. The liqueur has been made by Carthusian monks since 1737, reportedly according to instructions set out in a manuscript given to them by François Annibal d'Estrées in 1605. It was named after the monks' Grande Chartreuse monastery, located in the Chartreuse Mountains north of Grenoble. Today the liqueur is produced in their distillery in nearby Aiguenoire. It is composed of distilled alcohol aged with 130 herbs, plants and flowers, and sweetened.

The color chartreuse takes its name from the drink.

Grande Chartreuse
Grande Chartreuse (French: [ɡʁɑ̃d ʃaʁtʁøz]) is the head monastery of the Carthusian religious order.  It is located in the Chartreuse Mountains, north of the city of Grenoble, in the commune of Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse (Isère), France.
Live at the Fillmore (Vida Blue album)
Live at the Fillmore is a DVD from Vida Blue, a trio led by Phish keyboardist Page McConnell.

The video features a sold-out performance at San Francisco, California's The Fillmore captured on June 5, 2004. The trio was joined by the Spam Allstars, an Afro-Cuban sextet from Miami. During the performance, the band invited former Oakland A's pitcher Vida Blue, the band's namesake, onstage and behind the scenes to meet the band for the first time.

The video also includes a 40-minute bonus DVD featuring footage from McConnell's stock car racing organization - "Team Vida Blue" - and footage from a 2004 Enduro race from Vermont's Thunder Road racetrack.

Spam Allstars
Spam Allstars are a United States 6-piece Latin, funk, and electronica band from Miami, Florida. The band has been described as creators of the new Miami Sound. They had a legendary 15 year weekly residency in Little Havana at a small club called Hoy Como Ayer. They toured averaging 250 shows a year for a decade. They have recorded 6 albums independently on their Spamusica Records label. The band has performed at many music festivals including Roskilde, High Sierra, Langerado, Gasparilla Music Festival, Wakarusa, Montreal Jazz Festival, Harbourfront Centre, Santa Monica Pier, Grassroots, and Summerstage. Spam Allstars also recorded an album, The Illustrated Band, with Page McConnell side project Vida Blue, in addition to being featured on Vida Blue's DVD Live at the Fillmore.
Universal City, Texas
Universal City is a city in Bexar County, Texas, United States, with a small portion in Guadalupe County. It is a suburb of San Antonio to the northeast, and is adjacent to Randolph Air Force Base. The city also borders Schertz, Texas to its east, Selma to its north, Live Oak to its west, and Converse to its southwest. The population was 19,720 at the 2020 census. It is part of the San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Selma, Texas
Selma is a city in Bexar, Comal, and Guadalupe counties in Texas, United States. It is part of the San Antonio metropolitan area. Its population was 10,952 at the 2020 census, up from 5,540 at the 2010 census. Selma was settled by German and Polish immigrants in the mid-1800s.

The Retama Park horse-racing track is located in Selma.
1904 Boston Americans season
The 1904 Boston Americans season was the fourth season for the professional baseball franchise that later became known as the Boston Red Sox. The Americans finished first in the American League (AL) with a record of 95 wins and 59 losses, 1+1⁄2 games ahead of the New York Highlanders. The team was managed by Jimmy Collins and played its home games at Huntington Avenue Grounds. The Americans were set to play the National League (NL) champion New York Giants in the 1904 World Series; however, the Giants refused to play.

1904 New York Highlanders season
The 1904 New York Highlanders season, the team's second, finished with the team in second place in the American League with a record of 92–59. The team was managed by Clark Griffith and played home games at Hilltop Park.
City & Guilds Mnemonic Code
The City & Guilds Mnemonic Code and its associated City & Guilds Computer was a specification for an assembler language and a virtual computer system that ran it. It was introduced in 1964 by the City and Guilds of London Institute and used as the basis for a number of computer programming and administration courses. The computer model was deliberately very simple, and operational systems were implemented as interpreters on a number of mainframe computers like the ICL 1900 series and Elliot 900 family. An updated version was released in 1968.

City and Guilds Foundation
The City and Guilds Foundation is an educational organisation in the United Kingdom. Founded on 11 November 1878 by the City of London and 16 livery companies to develop a national system of technical education, the institute has been operating under royal charter, granted by Queen Victoria, since 1900. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, was appointed the first president of the institute.

It is also a registered charity and was the awarding body for City & Guilds and ILM qualifications, offering many accredited qualifications mapped onto the Regulated Qualifications Framework until October 2025 when City and Guilds Ltd was formed as a commercial organisation. The institute's president is the Princess Royal who accepted this role in June 2011 (following her father the Duke of Edinburgh, who held the position for nearly 60 years), and the Chair of Council is Dame Ann Limb, who took office in 2021.
Wendy Whelan
Wendy Whelan (/ˈhwiːlən/; born May 7, 1967) is an American ballet dancer. She was principal dancer with the New York City Ballet and performed with the company for 30 years, and toured in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Whelan has also been an influential guest artist with Morphoses/The Wheeldon Company. In 2019, Whelan was named Associate Artistic Director of New York City Ballet.

Albert Evans (dancer)
Albert Pierce Evans (December 29, 1968 – June 22, 2015) was an American ballet dancer and choreographer. He joined the New York City Ballet in 1988, became a principal dancer in 1995, making him the second African American dancer to hold this position, and had pursue choreography. He retired from performing in 2010, then served as a ballet master until his death.
What Rhymes with Cars and Girls
What Rhymes with Cars and Girls is the debut studio album by You Am I frontman Tim Rogers, and also the name of the stage musical created by Rogers and playwright Aidan Fennessy in 2015.

The album was recorded at Jen Anderson's (of Weddings Parties Anything) home studio, and featured many varied musicians, including Sally Dastey of Tiddas (on "Up-A-Ways").

At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999, Rogers won Best Male Artist for this release.

Tim Rogers (musician)
Timothy Adrian Rogers (born September 20, 1969) is an Australian musician and actor, best known as the frontman of the rock band You Am I. He has also recorded solo albums with backing bands. As of July 2013, Rogers has released 12 albums with You Am I and five solo albums.
Kanva dynasty
The Kanva dynasty or Kanvavamsha was a Brahmin ruling dynasty of Magadha, established after Vasudeva Kanva overthrew the preceding Shunga dynasty and ruled from 73 BCE to 28 BCE.

Although the Puranic literature indicates that the Kanvas ruled from the former capital of the Shungas in Pataliputra, Magadha in Eastern India, their coins are primarily found in and around the region of Vidisha in Central India, which had also been the capital of later Shunga rulers.

The Kanva dynasty was established by Vasudeva Kanva in 73 BCE. Vasudeva was initially a minister of the Shunga Emperor Devabhuti, who then assassinated the former emperor and usurped the throne. The Kanva ruler allowed the kings of the Shunga dynasty to continue to rule in obscurity in a corner of their former dominions. There were four Kanva rulers. According to the Puranas, their dynasty was brought to an end by the Satavahanas in 28 BCE.

Devabhuti
Devabhuti (r. 83 – 75 BCE), also known as Devbhomi, was the last Shunga Emperor in ancient India. He was assassinated by his minister Vasudeva Kanva. Following his death, the Shunga dynasty was then replaced by the subsequent Kanvas.
Dave Colburn
David Colburn is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, Hollyoaks, played by Elliot James Langridge. He first appeared in Hollyoaks online spin-off Hollyoaks: The Morning After the Night Before, which explored the dangers of binge drinking. After this, Dave made a regular appearance in Hollyoaks as a new student at Hollyoaks Community College. Dave left the teen soap in August 2010 after the character was axed earlier that year.

Charlotte Lau
Charlotte Lau is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, played by Amy Yamazaki. She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 9 June 2009 and was introduced by series producer Lucy Allan as the ex-girlfriend of Lydia Hart (Lydia Kelly). In September 2010, it was announced that Yamazaki and Charlotte had departed Hollyoaks and her final scenes had already aired, with Charlotte making her final appearance on 17 September 2010.