hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Skardu
The siege of Skardu was a prolonged military blockade carried out by the pro-Pakistani forces of Ibex Force, Chitral Scouts and Chitral State Bodyguards, against the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces and the Indian Army in the town of Skardu, during the First Kashmir War of 1947–48. The victory of pro-Pakistani forces resulted in Skardu becoming part of modern-day Gilgit-Baltistan.

Ibex Force
The Ibex Force was a specialized military unit that played a crucial role in the defense and strategic operations of Gilgit-Baltistan during the First Kashmir War (1947–1948). Formed as an auxiliary force within the Gilgit Scouts in 1948, the Ibex Force was instrumental in securing key territories and engaging in tactical missions against J&K and Indian forces in the region. The unit was disbanded in 1948 after the successful military operations.
Vidhubala
Vidhubala Menon (born 24 May 1952) is an Indian actress started her career in the mid-1960s and retired from the industry in 1981. She is well known for hosting the family reality show Kadhayallithu Jeevitham in Amrita TV spanning for 10 years. She has acted in advertisements also.

Kadhayallithu Jeevitham
Kadhayallithu Jeevitham (transl. Not a story, it's life) is an Indian Malayalam-language arbitration-based reality court show adjudicating real-life family disputes. Ran from 2010 to 2020, it aired on Amrita TV on weekdays. Actress and psychologist Vidhubala hosted the show. Vidhubala invites aggrieved families to put forth their disputes and concerns and helps settle the matters to the satisfaction of both the parties. It is adapted from the Tamil show Solvathellam Unmai by Lakshmy Ramakrishnan.
David Sieff
The Honourable Sir David Daniel Sieff FRSA (22 March 1939 – 27 May 2019) was a British businessman who was a director of retailers Marks & Spencer from 1972 to 1997.

Sieff was born in Marylebone, London, the only child of Marcus Sieff, Baron Sieff of Brimpton, and Rosalie Fromson. His grandparents were Rebecca Marks OBE and Israel Sieff, Baron Sieff. He is a great-grandson of Michael Marks, the founder of Marks & Spencer.

He was educated at Repton School and joined Marks & Spencer in 1957, the last descendant of Michael Marks to serve on the board of the firm.

He was knighted in 1999.

Sieff married Jennifer Walton in 1962 and has two sons, Simon Marcus (born 1965) and Jonathan David (born 1966).

He died on 27 May 2019 at the age of 80.

Marcus Sieff, Baron Sieff of Brimpton
Marcus Joseph Sieff, Baron Sieff of Brimpton OBE (Hebrew: מרקוס זיו; 2 July 1913 – 23 February 2001) was a British businessman and chairman of his family company, the retailer Marks & Spencer, from 1972 to 1982. Like his parents, he was also a leading figure in UK Zionism.
River Foyle
The River Foyle (from Irish An Feabhal) is a river in west Ulster in the northwest of the island of Ireland, which flows from the confluence of the rivers Finn and Mourne at the towns of Lifford in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland, and Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. From here it flows to the city of Derry, where it discharges into Lough Foyle and, ultimately, the Atlantic Ocean. The total length of the River Foyle is 32 km (20 mi). The river separates part of County Donegal from parts of both County Londonderry and County Tyrone. The district of County Donegal that borders the western bank of the River Foyle is traditionally known as the Laggan. This district includes the villages of St Johnston and Carrigans, both of which are nestled on the banks of the river.

St Johnston, County Donegal
St Johnston, officially Saint Johnstown (Irish: Baile Suingean), is a village, townland, and an electoral division in County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. It is in the Laggan district of East Donegal on the left bank of the River Foyle. It is in the civil parish of Taughboyne and barony of Raphoe North, on the R236 (Lifford–Newtowncunningham) road where it overlaps the R265 (Carrigans–Raphoe) road. The village is about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of Derry.
Paeonia mascula
Paeonia mascula is a species of peony. It is a herbaceous perennial 0.5–1.5 m (1.6–4.9 ft) tall, with leaves that are divided into three segments, and large red flowers in late spring and early summer. Native to Syria, Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Cyprus, Montenegro, Bulgaria Greece,  Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon and Israel, this wild peony has become naturalised on two small islands in the UK.

Peony
The peony or paeony (/ˈpiːəni/) is any flowering plant in the genus Paeonia, the only genus in the family Paeoniaceae. Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Scientists differ on the number of species that can be distinguished, ranging from 25 to 40, although the current consensus describes 33 known species. The relationships between the species need to be further clarified.

Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.25–1 metre (1–3 ft) tall, but some are woody shrubs 0.25–3.5 metres (1–11 ft) tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves and large, often fragrant flowers, in colors ranging from purple and pink to red, white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. The flowers have a short blooming season, usually lasting for only 7–10 days.

Peonies are popular garden plants in temperate regions. Herbaceous peonies are also sold as cut flowers on a large scale, although they generally are only available in late spring and early summer.
Van Allen Probes
The Van Allen Probes, formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), were two robotic spacecraft that were used to study the Van Allen radiation belts that surround Earth. NASA conducted the Van Allen Probes mission as part of the Living With a Star program. Understanding the radiation belt environment and its variability has practical applications in the areas of spacecraft operations, spacecraft system design, mission planning and astronaut safety. The probes were launched on 30 August 2012 and operated for seven years. Both spacecraft were deactivated in 2019 when they ran out of fuel. They are expected to deorbit during the 2030s.

Solar Dynamics Observatory
The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is a NASA mission which has been observing the Sun since 2010. Launched on 11 February 2010, the observatory is part of the Living With a Star (LWS) program.

The goal of the LWS program is to develop the scientific understanding necessary to effectively address those aspects of the connected Sun–Earth system directly affecting life on Earth and its society. The goal of the SDO is to understand the influence of the Sun on the Earth and near-Earth space by studying the solar atmosphere on small scales of space and time and in many wavelengths simultaneously. SDO has been investigating how the Sun's magnetic field is generated and structured, how this stored magnetic energy is converted and released into the heliosphere and geospace in the form of solar wind, energetic particles, and variations in the solar irradiance.
Tanish
Tanish Alladi is an Indian actor and television personality known for his lead roles in very Low budget, small Telugu films. He has starred in films such as Nachavule, Ride, Telugabbai, Pandavulu Pandavulu Thummeda, and Nakshatram. He has also kickstarted a television career, as he was one of the contestants on the reality TV show Bigg Boss Telugu 2, which was hosted by noted Telugu star Nani. Tanish finished in 3rd place in Bigg Boss Telugu 2. He has gained popularity and fans among the youth due to the majority of his films being youth films and love stories.

Ride (2009 film)
Ride is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language action romance film directed by Ramesh Varma and produced by Bellamkonda Suresh. The film stars Nani, Tanish, Aksha Pardasany, and Shweta Basu Prasad. The music was composed by Hemachandra with cinematography by Shyam K. Naidu and editing by Marthand K. Venkatesh. The film was released on 5 June 2009 and was a box office success collecting a distributors' share of ₹8 crore at the box office.
Bi Women Quarterly
Bi Women Quarterly (BWQ) is a global grassroots publication that works in affiliation with the Boston Bisexual Women's Network in Boston, Massachusetts. Started in September 1983, it is the oldest running publication for bisexual women.

The publication seeks to amplify the voices of women who fall under the bisexual+ umbrella. Bi Women Quarterly uses the term bisexual+, coined by GLAAD, in order to encompass identities including but not limited to bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, omnisexual, fluid, and queer. BWQ's definition of womanhood includes transgender women, nonbinary/genderqueer individuals, cisgender women, and other woman-aligned identities.

Bisexual activist Robyn Ochs is the publication's editor.

Robyn Ochs
Robyn Ochs (born 1958) is an American bisexual activist, professional speaker, and workshop leader. Her primary fields of interest are gender, sexuality, identity, and coalition building. She is the editor of the Bisexual Resource Guide (published annually from 1990 to 2002), Bi Women Quarterly, and the anthology Getting Bi: Voices of Bisexuals Around the World. Ochs, along with Professor Herukhuti, co-edited the anthology Recognize: The Voices of Bisexual Men.

Ochs has appeared on a number of television talk shows, including Donahue, Rolanda, Maury Povich, Women Aloud, Real Personal, Hour Magazine and The Shirley Show, to discuss issues relating to bisexuality. She has also been in Seventeen and Newsweek.

She describes herself as Jewish, but not religious.
Isthmohyla calypsa
Isthmohyla calypsa is a critically endangered, possibly extinct species of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is known from the southern Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica, Cerro Pando in Costa Rica and Panama, and the Pacific slope in southwestern Panama. It appears to now be extirpated from Costa Rica. Prior to its description in 1996, this species was confused with Isthmohyla lancasteri, a species now known from lower altitudes only.

Isthmohyla lancasteri
Isthmohyla lancasteri (common name: Lancaster's treefrog) is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to humid premontane slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama.
Ludovic Orban
Ludovic Orban (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈludovik ˈorban]; born 25 May 1963) is a Romanian engineer and politician who was the prime minister of Romania from November 2019 to December 2020. He was president of the National Liberal Party (PNL) between 2017 and 2021, which expelled him shortly after he lost a bid for another term as its leader. He was also minister of transport from April 2007 to December 2008 in the second Tăriceanu cabinet.

From 2008 to 2016, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Bucharest. He resumed his parliamentary seat within the Chamber of Deputies after the 2020 Romanian legislative election; shortly thereafter, he was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies of Romania. He resigned from this position in October 2021. Two months later, he founded a new centre-right political party, the Force of the Right (FD).

Force of the Right
Force of the Right (Romanian: Forța Dreptei, FD), sometimes translated as Right's Force or Right Force, is a liberal-conservative political party in Romania founded in December 2021 by Ludovic Orban, former National Liberal Party (PNL) president and former prime minister of Romania between 2019 and 2020, in opposition to the current leadership of the PNL which is currently led by Ilie Bolojan.
East Rochester, New York
East Rochester is a coterminous town and village located southeast of the city of Rochester in Monroe County, New York, United States. The town and village was home to 6,334 people at the time of the 2020 United States census.

Pittsford, New York
Pittsford is an incorporated town in Monroe County, New York, United States. A suburb of Rochester, its population was 30,617 at the time of the 2020 census. Formerly part of the town of Northfield, Pittsford was settled in 1789 and incorporated in 1796. The village of Pittsford was incorporated in 1827. It was named by Colonel Caleb Hopkins, a War of 1812 hero and subsequently Pittsford town supervisor, for the town of his birth, Pittsford, Vermont.

The Erie Canal passes through the town.
CCMP (cryptography)
Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (Counter Mode CBC-MAC Protocol) or CCM mode Protocol (CCMP) is an authenticated encryption protocol designed for Wireless LAN products that implements the standards of the IEEE 802.11i amendment to the original IEEE 802.11 standard. CCMP is a data cryptographic encapsulation mechanism designed for data confidentiality, integrity and authentication. It is based upon the Counter Mode with CBC-MAC (CCM mode) of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) standard. It was created to address the vulnerabilities presented by Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), a dated, insecure protocol.

IEEE 802.11i-2004
IEEE 802.11i-2004, or 802.11i for short, is an amendment to the original IEEE 802.11, implemented as Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2). The draft standard was ratified on 24 June 2004.  This standard specifies security mechanisms for wireless networks, replacing the short Authentication and privacy clause of the original standard with a detailed Security clause.  In the process, the amendment deprecated broken Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), while it was later incorporated into the published IEEE 802.11-2007 standard.
Dave Loggins
David Allen Loggins (November 10, 1947 – July 10, 2024) was an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known for his 1974 hit single "Please Come to Boston" as well as his 1984 duet with Anne Murray, "Nobody Loves Me Like You Do".

Please Come to Boston
"Please Come to Boston" is a song that was recorded and written by American singer-songwriter Dave Loggins. It was released in May 1974 as the first single from his album Apprentice (In a Musical Workshop) and was produced by Jerry Crutchfield. It spent two weeks at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in August 1974 and one week atop the Billboard Easy Listening chart. It was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Male Pop Vocal performance.
Melvin Guillard
Melvin Guillard (born March 30, 1983) is an American mixed martial artist who competes in the Middleweight division.
Guillard most notably competed in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), Bellator MMA and World Series of Fighting. He debuted in the company on The Ultimate Fighter 2 television series, losing to Josh Burkman by decision in the first Welterweight elimination bout.

Dennis Siver
Dennis D. Siver (Russian: Дмитрий Сивер, tr. Dmitriy Siver, born January 13, 1979) is a retired Russian-born German mixed martial artist who competed in the welterweight, lightweight, and featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Siver is currently teaching martial arts in his hometown, Mannheim.
Large-eared slit-faced bat
The large-eared  slit-faced bat (Nycteris macrotis), is a species of slit-faced bat which lives in forests and savannas throughout Africa. Nycteris vinsoni was once considered a synonym of N. macrotis, but it became recognized as a separate species in 2004. Some, however, still consider N. vinsoni to be a subspecies of N. macrotis, and consider N. macrotis a species complex.

Three subspecies have been identified: N. m. aethiopica, N. m. luteola, and N. m. macrotis.

Vinson's slit-faced bat
Vinson's slit-faced bat (Nycteris vinsoni) is a species of slit-faced bat known only from two specimens. Both specimens were smoked out of a baobab tree in a national park in southern Mozambique. Virtually nothing is known about this species.

N. vinsoni was once considered a synonym of Nycteris macrotis, but it became recognized as a separate species in 2004. Some, however, still consider N. vinsoni to be a subspecies of N. macrotis. Others believe the correct name for the species should be N. aethiopica.
C & M Community School District
C & M Community School District was a school district headquartered in Massena, Iowa. The name was a reference to Cumberland and Massena, the two cities it served. It was almost entirely in Cass County with a small portion in Adams County.

Circa 2002 it began a "grade sharing" arrangement with the Anita Community School District, in which the districts sent each other's students to their schools. The Anita district operated the high school while the C&M district operated the middle school; both districts had their own elementary schools. The C&M district had about 201 students in the 2008–2009 school year.

On July 1, 2011, it merged with the Anita district to form the CAM Community School District.

Anita Community School District
Anita Community School District was a school district headquartered in Anita, Iowa. The district occupied portions of Cass, Adair, and Audubon counties, and served Anita and Wiota.

Circa 2002 it began a "grade sharing" arrangement with the C & M Community School District, in which the districts sent each other's students to their schools. The Anita district operated the high school while the C&M district operated the middle school; both districts had their own elementary schools. The Anita district had about 272 students in the 2008–2009 school year.

On July 1, 2011, the Anita district merged with the C & M district to form the CAM Community School District.
Robert St Lawrence, 3rd Baron Howth
Robert St Lawrence, 3rd Baron Howth (born c.1435 – died before 1488) was a leading nobleman 
and  statesman in 15th-century Ireland who held the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Through his second marriage, he was a close connection to the new Tudor dynasty, to which his son was staunchly loyal.

Lord Chancellor of Ireland
The Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, commonly known as the Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was the highest ranking judicial office in Ireland until the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922. From 1721 until the end of 1800, it was also the highest political office of the Irish Parliament; the Chancellor was Speaker of the Irish House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor was also Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Ireland. In all three respects, the office mirrored the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.
Ijjodu
Ijjodu (English: The Incompatible) is a 2009 Indian Kannada drama film written and directed by M. S. Sathyu, and stars Meera Jasmine and Anirudh in the lead roles. Srivatsa, Nagkiran and Arundhati Jathakara feature in supporting roles. The film is a story of a young photo journalist's brief encounter with a girl who was made a ‘Basavi’ at the altar of the village deity, to save people who were hit by a devastating epidemic. ‘Basavi’ is a cult very similar to that of the ‘Devdasi’. At present the ‘Devdasies’ have become regular sex workers because of the social stigma and more so for making a living. Many of them are HIV+.

The film premiered at the Ahmedabad International Festival in 2009. It was released theatrically on 30 April 2010, following which it was screened at the Minsk International Film Festival in Belarus, in November.

Meera Jasmine
Jasmine Mary Joseph, known professionally as Meera Jasmine, is an Indian actress who appears primarily in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada films. Jasmine made her debut in 2001 with the Lohithadas film Soothradharan. She went on to star in various commercial and critically successful films in South Indian languages, making her one of the successful actresses of the 2000s.

She won the National Film Award for Best Actress in 2004 for her role in Paadam Onnu: Oru Vilapam, and has twice been the recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress as well as a Tamil Nadu State Film Award. She also received the Kalaimamani award from the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Port Melbourne SC
Port Melbourne SC is an Australian soccer club based in Port Melbourne, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The club was formed in 1968 by local Greek Australians, and was promoted over the years to the Victorian Premier League in 1994. It spent the years 1994–2003 in the Victorian Premier League, winning the minor premiership twice, but was unable to secure the title during its time in the VPL. The club currently competes in the  Victoria Premier League 1.

FC Bulleen Lions
FC Bulleen Lions is an Australian semi-professional football club based in the Melbourne suburb Bulleen. Founded in 1974 by Melbourne's Italian community, the club currently competes in the Victoria Premier League 1, the second highest level of Victorian state soccer. Since its inception, the club has been based at David Barro stadium in the Veneto Club when it was both a stand-alone and a merged club.

Bulleen has competed at the highest level in two separate stints in 1988–1996 and 2016–2018, where the club were premiers and champions in 1993. From 1997 to 2007, the club competed as Bulleen Inter Kings (subsequently Bulleen Zebras) after merges with Box Hill, Brunswick Zebras, Clayton Inter, and Essendon Royals. In this time, another two more premierships were achieved in 1998 and 2004.
What Is Mathematics?
What Is Mathematics? is a classic book by Richard Courant and Herbert Robbins, published by Oxford University Press. Written in the belief that "the traditional place of mathematics in education is in grave danger," it is an introduction to mathematics, intended to offer "vantage points from which the substance and driving forces of modern mathematics can be surveyed" both by students and by the general public.

First published in 1941, it discusses number theory, geometry, topology, and calculus. A posthumous edition was published in 1996 with an additional chapter on recent progress in mathematics, written by Ian Stewart.

Herbert Robbins
Herbert Ellis Robbins (January 12, 1915 – February 12, 2001) was an American  mathematician and statistician. He did research in topology, measure theory, statistics, and a variety of other fields.

He was the co-author, with Richard Courant, of What is Mathematics?.  The Robbins lemma, used in empirical Bayes methods, is named after him.  Robbins algebras are named after him because of a conjecture (since proved) that he posed concerning Boolean algebras. The Robbins' theorem, in graph theory, is also named after him, as is the Whitney–Robbins synthesis, a tool he introduced to prove this theorem. The well-known unsolved problem of minimizing in sequential selection the expected rank of the selected item under full information, sometimes referred to as the fourth secretary problem, also bears his name: Robbins' problem (of optimal stopping).
Carolyn Simpson
Carolyn Chalmers Simpson AO (born 30 March 1946) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales. Justice Simpson served on the Court for 24 years, including three years as a judge of its Court of Appeal. Justice Simpson made legal history in 1999 as one of three judges who formed the first all-female bench to sit in an Australian court. She was the second woman to be appointed to the Court, following the appointment of Justice Jane Matthews in 1987.

Supreme Court of New South Wales
The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state court of the Australian state of New South Wales. It has unlimited jurisdiction within the state in civil matters, and hears the most serious criminal matters. Whilst the Supreme Court is the highest New South Wales court in the Australian court hierarchy, an appeal by special leave can be made to the High Court of Australia.

Matters of appeal can be submitted to the New South Wales Court of Appeal and Court of Criminal Appeal, both of which are constituted by members of the Supreme Court, in the case of the Court of Appeal from those who have been commissioned as judges of appeal.

The Supreme Court consists of 52 permanent judges, including the Chief Justice of New South Wales, currently Andrew Bell, the President of the Court of Appeal, 10 Judges of Appeal, the Chief Judge at Common Law, and the Chief Judge in Equity.

The Supreme Court's central location is the Law Courts Building in Queen's Square, Sydney.