hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
Fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD) is a manipulative propaganda tactic used in technology sales, marketing, public relations, politics, polling, and cults. FUD is generally a strategy to influence perception by disseminating negative and dubious or false information and is a manifestation of the appeal to fear.

In public policy, a similar concept has been referred to as manufactured uncertainty, which involves casting doubt on academic findings, exaggerating their claimed imperfections. A manufactured controversy is a contrived disagreement, typically motivated by profit or ideology, designed to create public confusion concerning an issue about which there is no substantial academic dispute.

Appeal to fear
An appeal to fear (also called argumentum ad metum or argumentum in terrorem) is a fallacy in which a person attempts to create support for an idea by attempting to increase fear towards an alternative. An appeal to fear is related to the broader strategy of fear appeal and is a common tactic in marketing, politics, and media (communication).
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali) is an autonomous public research institute established in 2007 at Mohali, Punjab, India. It is one of the seven Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs), established by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, Government of India, to research in frontier areas of science and to provide science education at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. It was established after IISER Pune and IISER Kolkata and is recognized as an Institute of National Importance by the GoI. Institute focuses on pure research as well as interdisciplinary research in various fields of science. It is located in Knowledge City, Mohali, where the campuses of other research institutes like INST, CIAB and NABI are also located.

Mohali
Mohali, officially Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar or  Ajitgarh, is a planned city in the Mohali district in Punjab, India, which is an administrative and a commercial hub lying south-west of Chandigarh. It is the headquarters of the Mohali district and one of the six Municipal Corporations of the State. It is officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh, the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh.

Mohali has developed rapidly as an IT hub of the state of Punjab, and has thus grown in importance. 
The Government of Punjab has initiated significant infrastructure and recreation projects in attempts to increase the standard of living in Mohali. Roads have been built to create networks between Mohali and Chandigarh International Airport to boost its international connectivity.

Mohali was earlier a part of the Rupnagar district and was carved out and made a part of a separate district in 2006.
2011 Players Championship
The 2011 Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held May 12–15 at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, southeast of Jacksonville. It was the 38th Players Championship.

K. J. Choi defeated David Toms on the first hole of a sudden-death  playoff to claim his first PGA Tour title since 2008.

Traditionally, the flag of the defending champion (2010 winner Tim Clark of South Africa) flies at TPC Sawgrass during the week of the Players. As a tribute to the recently deceased Seve Ballesteros, per Clark's request, the PGA Tour flew the Spanish flag in its place. Clark withdrew during the second round due to nagging elbow problems.

K. J. Choi
Choi Kyung-Ju (Korean: 최경주; born 19 May 1970), commonly known as K. J. Choi, is a South Korean professional golfer who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions. Since turning pro in 1994, he has won more than thirty professional golf tournaments worldwide, including eight on the PGA Tour. His most notable victory came at the 2011 Players Championship, and he has spent 40 weeks in the top-10 of the world rankings.
Jean Boht
Jean Boht (née Dance; 6 March 1932 – 12 September 2023) was an English actress, most famous for the role of Nellie Boswell in Carla Lane's sitcom Bread, one of several actors to remain with the show for its entire seven series tenure from 1986 to 1991.

Bread (TV series)
Bread is a British television sitcom, written and created by Carla Lane, about a close-knit, working-class family in Liverpool, England. It was produced by the BBC and screened on BBC1 from 1 May 1986 to 3 November 1991. In 1988, the ratings for the series peaked at 21 million viewers.
Epi Map
Epi Map is a module that displays geographic maps with data from Epi Info. Epi Map is built around the Esri MapObjects software. Epi Map displays shapefiles containing the geographic boundaries layered with data results from the Analysis module.

Epi Map is designed to show data from Epi Info 2000 files by relating data fields to SHAPE files containing the geographic boundaries. Shapefiles also can contain data on population or other variables, and can therefore provide numeric data that become part of the display either as numerator or denominator.

Epi Info
Epi Info was statistical software for epidemiology developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia (US).

Epi Info was in existence for over 20 years and was available for Microsoft Windows, Android and iOS, along with a web and cloud version. The program allowed for electronic survey creation, data entry, and analysis. Within the analysis module, analytic routines included t-tests, ANOVA, nonparametric statistics, cross tabulations and stratification with estimates of odds ratios, risk ratios, and risk differences, logistic regression (conditional and unconditional), survival analysis (Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazard), and analysis of complex survey data. The software was sunset in September 2025.
Ghostwriters (band)
Ghostwriters (aka Rob Hirst & the Ghostwriters and sometimes referred to as Ghosties by fans) are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1990, principally involving Midnight Oil drummer Rob Hirst and Hoodoo Gurus bassist Richard Grossman. Their highest-charting single was "Someone's Singing New York New York" (1991) written by Hirst. It reached No. 29 on the ARIA Australian Singles Chart.

Rob Hirst
Robert George Hirst (3 September 1955 – 20 January 2026) was an Australian musician from Camden, New South Wales. He was a founding member of the rock band Midnight Oil on drums, percussion and backing vocals (sometimes lead vocals) from the 1970s until the band took a hiatus in 2002. The band resumed performing and recording in 2017.

Hirst was also a member of the bands Ghostwriters, Backsliders, the Angry Tradesmen and the Break. He also wrote a book, Willie's Bar & Grill, recounting the experiences on the tour Midnight Oil embarked on shortly after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001.

In the 2026 Australia Day Honours, Hirst was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) "for significant service to the performing arts through music".
Abernethy Round Tower
Abernethy Round Tower is a stone-built Irish-style round tower which stands in School Wynd in Abernethy, Perthshire. It is one of two round towers in Scotland, alongside the tower at Brechin Cathedral.

The tower is located on the town's School Wynd within the village's cemetery alongside St Bride's parish church. Dating from the 11th century, the tower is protected as a scheduled monument.

School Wynd
School Wynd is a street and open space in the centre of Abernethy, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Running between Main Street in the south and Back Dykes in the north, it is the site of Abernethy Round Tower, a scheduled monument dating to the 18th century. The street is named for the school which formerly operated on it, a building now occupied by Abernethy Museum.

The village's Category C listed parish church and mercat cross also stand on School Wynd.
Rake Yohn
Edward Webb (born January 20, 1975), known by his stage name Rake Yohn (/jɒn/), is an American television personality and former member of the CKY crew. He was a regular in the CKY videos and MTV's reality comedy series Viva La Bam and also had occasional appearances in Jackass.

CKY crew
The Camp Kill Yourself crew (referred to as the CKY crew) was a group of friends and relatives centered on television personality and skateboarder Bam Margera, many of whom are from or located in and around West Chester, Pennsylvania. The crew was active from Landspeed presents: CKY (1999) to Minghags: The Movie (2009). Some members of the crew were skateboarders, while others were involved either on-camera or behind-the-scenes in Margera's various projects such as the CKY videos, Jackass, Viva La Bam, Haggard: The Movie, Bam's Unholy Union, Minghags: The Movie, and Radio Bam.

The CKY crew was closely linked to the band CKY, which features Bam's brother Jess Margera on drums. Music by the band was often featured in video projects that members of the crew were involved with.
Broken Top
Broken Top is a glacially eroded complex stratovolcano. It lies in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, part of the extensive Cascade Range in the U.S. state of Oregon. Located southeast of the Three Sisters peaks, the volcano, residing within the Three Sisters Wilderness, is 20 miles (32 km) west of Bend, Oregon, in Deschutes County. Eruptive activity stopped roughly 100,000 years ago, and erosion by glaciers has since reduced the volcano's cone to where its contents are exposed. There are two named glaciers on the peak, Bend and Crook Glacier.

Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons. Broken Top and its surrounding area constitute popular destinations for hiking, climbing, and scrambling.

Bend Glacier
Bend Glacier is in the U.S. state of Oregon. The glacier is situated in the Cascade Range at an elevation around 8,000 feet (2,400 m). Bend Glacier occupies a cirque on the north flank of Broken Top, an extinct stratovolcano.
Đorđe Nemanjić
Đorđe Nemanjić or George of Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђорђе Немањић; fl. 1208–1243) was the Grand Prince of Zeta, from at least 1208 until at least 1242. For some time, around 1208, he also was a self-styled King of Duklja. He was the oldest son of Vukan Nemanjić (d. before 1208), the Grand Prince of Serbia (1202–1204) and titular King of Duklja (1190–1208), hence George too was a titular King, for a few years after his father's death. In 1208, he accepted the suzerainty of the Republic of Venice. By 1214-1216, his paternal uncle Stefan Nemanjić, the Grand Prince of Serbia (1196-1202, 1204-1217) imposed his rule on Zeta, but within the newly proclaimed Kingdom of Serbia (1217), Đorđe was left to administer some part of the region, as prince of Duklja (lat. princeps Dioclie), being mentioned as such for the last time in 1242.

Vukan Nemanjić
Vukan Nemanjić (Serbian Cyrillic: Вукан Немањић[A], pronounced [ʋǔkan ně̞maɲit͡ɕ]; before 1165 – after 1207) was the Grand Prince of Serbia from 1202 to 1204. He was the eldest (of three) sons of the Serbian grand prince Stefan Nemanja, who appointed Vukan as governor in Pomorje c. 1190. As the Grand Prince of Pomorje, centered in Zeta, and titular King of Duklja and Dalmatia), Vukan ruled from c. 1195 until his death. In 1196, his father abdicated the Serbian throne, choosing Vukan's younger brother Stefan as the principal heir, while leaving Vukan to rule in Pomorje. In 1202, Vukan overthrow his brother, in a coup assisted by the King of Hungary. He was defeated two years later, when Stefan regained the throne. Through the effort of their third brother, who became Saint Sava, Vukan and Stefan were reconciled, and Vukan continued to rule in Zeta until his death.
Casablanca (1983 TV series)
Casablanca is an American drama series, based on the 1942 film of the same name set in the genre of spying and intrigue during World War II. Five episodes were filmed but, following its NBC premiere on April 10, 1983, and two additional installments on April 17 and 24, it was taken off the air. The two remaining unaired episodes were ultimately scheduled four months later, during summer programming, and shown on August 27 and September 3. The show was the second attempt at a TV series based on the movie; the first was a 1955 show starring Charles McGraw as Rick Blaine, which also was short-lived, lasting only 10 episodes.

Casablanca (1955 TV series)
Casablanca is an hour-long American television series, in the genre of spying and intrigue during the Cold War, which was broadcast on ABC between September 27, 1955 and April 24, 1956 as part of the wheel series Warner Bros. Presents. The third of 20 filmed shows produced for ABC, between 1955 and 1963, by Warner Bros. Television, under the supervision of executive producer William T. Orr, Casablanca is also the only one among those shows to be structured in the form of a non-U.S.-based Cold-War-intrigue storyline, while 14 of the 20 productions were western and detective/adventure series.
Rivermaya (album)
Rivermaya (stylized as RiverMaya) is the self-titled debut studio album by Filipino rock band Rivermaya, released in November 1994, by Musiko Records & BMG Records (Pilipinas), Inc.

The album received positive reviews from critics, who praised the songwriting of keyboardist Rico Blanco. The album sold well upon release, due to its hit singles like "214", "Ulan", and "Awit ng Kabataan". Rivermaya has been certified triple platinum by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry (PARI). With 120,000 copies sold, the record is one of the best-selling albums in the Philippines.

Ulan (Rivermaya song)
"Ulan" (lit. 'Rain') is the debut single by Filipino rock band Rivermaya, released in 1995 from their self-titled debut album (1994). The song was produced by Chito S. Roño and Lizza G. Nakpil.

The song was written by rhythm guitarist and keyboardist Rico Blanco and Nathan Azarcon, the band's bassist. Blanco's keyboard solo was featured on the instrumental break. On the intro, the guitars were played by Blanco and Perf de Castro.
Audrey Tait
Audrey Tait (born 1987) is a Scottish musician and music producer from Rutherglen, Scotland. She is known for being the drummer in three Glaswegian bands, the experimental hip-hop group Hector Bizerk, Broken Chanter, and the rock band Franz Ferdinand. She replaced Paul Thomson in Franz Ferdinand, receiving a symbolic set of drumsticks from him in October 2021.

She also performs in the synthpop duo The Girl Who Cried Wolf,  the folk rock duo The Miss's, and in the scoring partnership Novasound, which scores and produces theater and film soundtracks in Glasgow.

Paul Thomson
Paul Robert Thomson (born 15 September 1976) is a Scottish musician who was the drummer for the Glasgow-based band Franz Ferdinand from their formation in 2002 until October 2021. Currently, he serves as the drummer for garage pop-punk band Lung Leg.
Sian Brice
Sian Brice (born 2 April 1969) is a triathlete from the United Kingdom.

She was born in Leigh, Greater Manchester.

Brice competed at the first Olympic triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics.  She was one of the three British athletes, along with Michelle Dillon and Andrew Johns, not to finish the competition. Before she went to the Olympics she already had a bronze medal under her belt from the European Triathlon Championships, she also came sixth in the World Championships behind 5 Aussies.

Michelle Dillon
Michelle Dillon (born 24 May 1973 in Wembley, England) is a retired British triathlete.

Dillon's first Olympic triathlon was at the 2000 Summer Olympics. She was one of the three British athletes, along with Sian Brice and Andrew Johns, not to finish the competition. Four years later, at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Dillon finished in sixth place with a time of 2:06:00.77.

Before turning to the triathlon, she was a runner, competing for Australia at the 1994 Commonwealth Games.

Michelle has been a coach for many triathletes including Stuart Hayes and Emma Pallant.  She returned to competitive sport on 3 April 2016 coming second in the British Duathlon Championships. In 2018 she became 45-49F World Triathlon Champion on the Gold Coast.
Namikata, Ehime
Namikata (波方町, Namikata-chō) was a town located in Ochi District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,794 and a density of 625.02 persons per km2. The total area was 15.67 km2.

On January 16, 2005, Namikata, along with the towns of Hakata, Kamiura, Kikuma, Miyakubo, Ōmishima, Ōnishi, Tamagawa and Yoshiumi, and the villages of Asakura and Sekizen (all from Ochi District), was merged into the expanded city of Imabari and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Yoshiumi, Ehime
Yoshiumi (吉海町, Yoshiumi-chō) was a town located in Ochi District, Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,558 and a density of 164.43 persons per km2. The total area was 27.72 km2.

On January 16, 2005, Yoshiumi, along with the towns of Hakata, Kamiura, Kikuma, Miyakubo, Namikata, Ōmishima, Ōnishi and Tamagawa, and the villages of Asakura and Sekizen (all from Ochi District), was merged into the expanded city of Imabari and no longer exists as an independent municipality.
Mesob
Mesob (Amharic: መሶብcode: amh promoted to code: am ) or Harar mesob is a Harari basket used for storing injera, an Ethiopian and Eritrean flatbread. It is widely depicted as a cultural symbol for Ethiopia, made from locally grown and partially dyed grass and palm leaves known for strength and durability.

Harari people
The Harari people (Harari: ጌ፞ይ ኡሱኣች / ݘٛىيْ أُسُأَڛْ‎, Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group which inhabits the Horn of Africa. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, simply called Gēy "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages.
British Rail Class 71
The British Rail Class 71 is an electric locomotive that was used on the Southern Region of British Railways. Unlike Southern Region electro-diesel locomotives (such as classes 73 and 74) they could not operate away from the electrified (750 V DC) system.

Electro-diesel locomotive
An electro-diesel locomotive (also referred to as a dual-mode or bi-mode locomotive) is a type of locomotive that can be powered either from an electricity supply (like an electric locomotive) or by using the onboard diesel engine (like a diesel-electric locomotive). For the most part, these locomotives are built to serve regional, niche markets with a very specific purpose.
Semu
The Semu (Chinese: 色目; pinyin: sèmù) were the name of a political class in Imperial China, made up of foreign experts who came to serve the political systems of Imperial China. The Semu were not a self-defined ethnic group unto themselves; rather, "Semu" was initially an exonym for various Central and East Asian peoples under the Yuan Dynasty. The Semu were one of the four "castes" which Yuan society was divided into, along with the Mongols, the Hanren, and the Nanren. The Semu included were Buddhist Turpan Uyghurs, Tanguts, and Tibetans; Nestorian Christian tribes like the Ongud; Turkic Muslim peoples including Khwarazmians; and others.

Tangut people
The Tangut people (Tangut: 𗼎𗾧, mjɨ nja̱ or 𗼇𘓐, mji dzjwo; Chinese: 党項; pinyin: Dǎngxiàng; Tibetan: མི་ཉག་, Wylie: mi nyak; Mongolian: Тангуд) were a Sino-Tibetan people who founded and inhabited the Western Xia dynasty. The group initially lived under Tuyuhun authority, but later submitted to the Tang dynasty. After the collapse of Tang dynasty, the Tanguts established the Western Xia. They spoke the Tangut language, which initial research believed to be either of the Qiangic or Yi groups of the Tibeto-Burman family, later phylogenetic and historical linguistic accounts revealed that it belonged to the Gyalrongic branch of the Qiangic group. The Western Xia was annihilated by the Mongol Empire in 1227 AD, and most of its written records and architecture were destroyed. Today the Tangut language and its unique script are extinct; only fragments of Tangut literature remain.
1947 Columbus mid-air collision
On April 22, 1947, a Douglas DC-3 of Delta Air Lines and a Vultee BT-13 Valiant of the Tuskegee Aviation Institute collided in mid-air above Muscogee County Airport (now Columbus Airport) in Georgia, United States, and crashed. All nine people on board the two aircraft, including eight Delta executives, were killed in the accident. The mid-air collision was the first fatal accident for Delta Air Lines since 1935 and is the deadliest accident to have occurred at the Columbus Airport.

Columbus Airport (Georgia)
Columbus Airport (IATA: CSG, ICAO: KCSG, FAA LID: CSG) (formerly named Columbus Metropolitan Airport and originally named Muscogee County Airport) is a public-use airport in Columbus, in Muscogee County, Georgia, United States. The airport covers 680 acres (275 ha) and has two intersecting runways. Serving Georgia's second largest city, it is Georgia's fourth busiest airport.

Operated by the Columbus Airport Commission, the airport commenced operations in 1944. It has been served by regularly scheduled airline service since its opening, with all passenger service in the 21st century being operated by regional carriers. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records say the airport had 84,387 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2022, an increase from 56,520 enplanements in 2021. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015 categorized it as a primary commercial service airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year).
Yochanan Sofer
Yochanan Sofer (Hebrew: יוחנן סופר; January 1, 1923 – February 22, 2016) was the rebbe of the Erlau dynasty. He was born in Eger, Hungary, where his father and grandfather were also rebbes. After surviving the Holocaust, he founded a yeshiva, first in Hungary and then a few years later in Jerusalem.

Eger
Eger (UK: /ˈɛɡər/ EG-ər, US: /ˈeɪɡər/ AY-gər; Hungarian: [ˈɛɡɛr] ⓘ; also known by other alternative names) is the county seat of Heves County, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). A city with county rights, Eger is best known for its medieval castle, thermal baths, baroque buildings, the northernmost Ottoman minaret, and red wines. Its population of around 53,000 (2017) makes it the 19th largest centre of population in Hungary, according to the census. The town is located on the Eger Stream (a tributary of the Tisza river), on the hills between the Mátra and Bükk mountains. The main campus of Eszterházy Károly Catholic University is in Eger.
Florida State Road 434
State Road 434 (SR 434) is a major roadway in the Central Florida area. Starting at SR 424 (Edgewater Drive) just north of Orlando city limits, the road runs north as Forest City Road through Forest City before dropping the name at the Seminole County line. SR 434 continues north and east through Altamonte Springs and Longwood before turning south and east through Winter Springs and Oviedo. SR 434 is called Central Avenue when it first turns south towards downtown Oviedo.  After going through downtown Oviedo, SR 434 is called Alafaya Trail from its intersection with Mitchell Hammock Road south to the Orange County line to its end at SR 50 (Colonial Drive). The road continues south as Alafaya Trail only without the state road designation. Alafaya meets with State Road 50 in Union Park, FL.

West of Oviedo SR 434 is signed east–west, south of Oviedo it is signed north–south.

Oviedo, Florida
Oviedo (/ˌoʊˈviːdoʊ/ oh-VEE-doh) is a city in Seminole County, Florida, United States. As of 2020, the population was 40,059. It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area. Oviedo was known for its historic houses and buildings and agriculture, as well as its population of chickens that roamed the downtown area. Although the city historically has been rural, in recent years it has had an influx of new developments to support its rapid growth, due to its proximity to the University of Central Florida and the Central Florida Research Park.