hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Shahamir Shahamirian
Shahamir Shahamirian (Armenian: Շահամիր Շահամիրեան; 1723–1797) was an 18th-century Armenian writer, philosopher, and wealthy merchant in Madras (modern-day Chennai, India). Born in New Julfa, Iran, he moved to India where he became an affluent merchant and an active member of the Armenian community of Madras. In 1771, Shahamirian and his collaborators founded the first Armenian printing press in Madras. In 1787/88, Shahamirian published Vorogayt Parats ("Snare of Glory," published under the name of his son Hakob Shahamirian), which contained a proposed constitution for a future independent Armenian republic. He is thus regarded as the author of the first Armenian constitution.

New Julfa
New Julfa (Persian: نو جلفا, Now Jolfā, or جلفای نو, Jolfâ-ye Now; Armenian: Նոր Ջուղա, Nor Jugha) is the Armenian quarter of Isfahan, Iran, located along the south bank of the Zayanderud.

Established and named after the older city of Julfa in the early 17th century (now divided as Jolfa, Iran and Julfa, Azerbaijan), it is still one of the oldest and largest Armenian quarters in the world (hy).
Timeline of Al Qa'qaa high explosives
The Timeline of Al Qa'qaa high explosives lists events regarding the storage and subsequent removal of high explosives at Al Qa'qaa in Iraq, leading to the Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy.

For events related to the political controversy, please refer to and use Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy.

Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy
The Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy concerns the possible removal of about 377 tonnes of high explosives (HMX and RDX) from the Al Qa'qaa facility by the Iraqi insurgency, after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Although Pentagon spokesman Lawrence Di Rita said that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has not come forward with documentation that explains how it arrived at the figure of 377 tons of missing explosives. The IAEA so far only has verified in its paperwork that 219 tons of explosive materials were at Al Qaqaa and surrounding facilities.

The explosives, considered dangerous by the IAEA, were certified by UN weapons inspectors to be inside facilities whose doors were fastened with chains and the United Nations' seal, at the Al Qa'qaa industrial complex in Iraq in 2003. By October 2004, the facility was empty.
Legal Mavericks
Legal Mavericks (Chinese: 踩過界; Cantonese Yale: Cháaigwogaai; literally “Crossing the Line") is a Legal, Crime, Detective television drama created by Lam Chi-wah and TVB. It began principal photography in October 2016. It aired concurrently on TVB Jade, and iQiyi. It stars Vincent Wong, Sisley Choi, Ali Lee, Owen Cheung, Pal Sinn, Tracy Chu, Gilbert Lam, Quinn Ho and Hugo Wong in the first season. The second season of this drama aired in 2020.

Ali Lee
Ali Lee Kai-sum (Chinese: 李佳芯; Jyutping: Lei5 Gaai1 Sam1; born 27 November 1982) is a Hong Kong actress and television host contracted to TVB.

Lee first received attention as a television presenter for Cable TV Hong Kong's entertainment and sports channels, having covered popular television programs such as King of Sports (體育王) and Amazing Spaces (空間大改造). In 2012, she signed an artiste contract with TVB. Lee won the Most Improved Female Artiste award at the 2016 TVB Anniversary Awards. In 2018, she won the TVB Anniversary Award for Best Actress with her role in the drama Who Wants A Baby?.
Robert J. Conrad
Robert James "Bob" Conrad Jr. (born May 17, 1958) is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina. He served as chief judge from 2006 to 2013 and was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit to take the place of the retired James Dickson Phillips Jr. He previously served as a member of the executive committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 2016 to 2020.

United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina
The United States District Court for the Western District of North Carolina (in case citations, W.D.N.C.)  is a federal district court which covers the western third of North Carolina.

Appeals from the Western District of North Carolina are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
Nepenthes bokorensis
Nepenthes bokorensis /nɪˈpɛnθiːz ˌbɒkɒˈrɛnsɪs/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Cambodia. It is known from Mount Bokor (also Phnom Bokor or Bokor Hill) in the south of the country, and an as yet undetermined specimen suggests that it may also be present in other parts of the Dâmrei Mountains of Kampot Province. The specific epithet bokorensis refers to both Mount Bokor and Bokor National Park.

Nepenthes kampotiana
Nepenthes kampotiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to southern Cambodia, eastern Thailand, and at least southern coastal Vietnam. It has an altitudinal distribution of 0–600 m above sea level. The specific epithet kampotiana refers to the Cambodian city of Kampot, close to which the first specimens of this species were collected.

This species is closely related to N. chang. Nepenthes geoffrayi is a heterotypic synonym of N. kampotiana.

In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. kampotiana as a heterotypic synonym of N. smilesii.
Davis v. Mann
Davis v. Mann, 377 U.S. 678 (1964), was a United States Supreme Court which was one of a series of cases decided in 1964 that ruled that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population.

David J. Mays and Robert McIlwaine advocated on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia; Edmund D. Campbell and Henry E. Howell, Jr. advocated on behalf of the plaintiff Northern Virginia legislators. The Supreme Court issued the opinion in this case along with Reynolds v. Sims and cites that the opinion.

Henry Howell
Henry Evans Howell Jr. (September 5, 1920 – July 7, 1997), nicknamed "Howlin' Henry" Howell, was an American lawyer and politician from the Commonwealth of Virginia. A progressive populist and a member of the Democratic Party, he served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, was elected the 31st Lieutenant Governor of Virginia as an Independent Democrat, and made several runs for governor.
Anomaloglossus beebei
Anomaloglossus beebei (common names: Beebe's rocket frog, golden rocket frog) is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae. This frog is endemic to Guyana, specifically in the Kaieteur National Park. It mainly survives on the giant bromeliad called Brocchinia micrantha. The phytotelmata of this bromeliad is the site of oviposition and tadpole rearing and are defended over time by the males. The females of this species are more brightly golden coloured whereas males are more of a dull tan with brown pigmentation. Males take care of offspring and are preferred due to the elongation of their calls.

Brocchinia micrantha
Brocchinia micrantha is a South American species of plant, in the genus Brocchinia, of the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). This species is native to Venezuela and Guyana. In Venezuela, these plants may be found within Canaima National Park, near to Salto Ángel (Angel Falls), the world’s tallest free-falling waterfall. In Guyana, this plant is commonly found at Kaieteur National Park.

As Brocchinia are a member of the bromeliad family, the funnel-like structure of their leaves will fill with rainwater periodically, thus serving as a shelter and habitat for a variety of vertebrates, invertebrates and microorganisms, with one single plant maintaining its own unique “community” in-miniature. The plants are popular homes for tiny frogs, with their leaf folds of pooling water often serving as nurseries for tadpoles, including from several species of poison dart frog, and notably the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei).
Wilfred (Australian TV series)
Wilfred is an Australian comedy television series created by Adam Zwar, Jason Gann and Tony Rogers based on their award-winning 2002 short film. The story follows the lives of the eponymous dog Wilfred, his owner Sarah, and her boyfriend Adam, who sees Wilfred as a man in a dog suit. It was directed by Tony Rogers, produced by Jenny Livingston and stars Gann, Zwar and Cindy Waddingham.

Two series were broadcast on SBS One, the first in 2007 and the second in 2010. The series won three AFI Awards and was nominated for a Logie.

Independent Film Channel acquired the international broadcast rights to the original two series of Wilfred in 2010. An American remake premiered on the cable channel FX on 23 June 2011.

Cindy Waddingham
Cindy Joy Waddingham (born 8 April 1980) is an Australian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Sarah in the Australian black comedy series Wilfred (2007) and the award-winning 2002 short film of the same name on which the series is based. Other appearances include Caitlin in the 2010 romantic comedy I Love You Too, and Andrea in the comedy series Lowdown (2010).

Waddingham has several roles alongside Adam Zwar, whom she met while filming a commercial for HBA Health Insurance in 2001 (Zwar was the buck-toothed client who sprayed the slogan "three for free").
Elisabetin Roman Catholic Church
The Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is a Roman Catholic church in the Elisabetin district of Timișoara. Located in Nicolae Bălcescu Square, the neo-Gothic church was built between 1912 and 1919 after a project by architect Károly Salkovits. Holy Masses are celebrated in German, Hungarian and Romanian. The church is run by Salvatorian monks, a relatively young order founded in 1881 in Austria.

Elisabetin
Elisabetin (Hungarian: Erzsébetváros; German: Elisabethstadt; Serbian: Елизабетштат, romanized: Elizabetštat) is a historic district of Timișoara. It is noted for the vast reserve of 1900s-style architecture and the multitude of parks. Also here is the university area of the city with the related buildings (student dormitories, canteens, laboratories, sports complexes, etc.), many of which have historical value.
Gina Lynn
Tanya Mercado (born February 15, 1974), known professionally as Gina Lynn, is an American former pornographic actress, model, and stripper. She was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2010 and is the Penthouse magazine Penthouse Pet for April 2012. Lynn is also known for appearing with Eminem in the music video for "Superman".

Superman (Eminem song)
"Superman" is a song by American rapper Eminem from his fourth studio album, The Eminem Show (2002), featuring guest vocals from his frequent collaborator, singer Dina Rae. Written by Eminem, Detroit record producers Jeff Bass and Steve King, the song was released as the third single on January 21, 2003, in the United States only. It peaked at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on the issue dated March 15, 2003, and received 2× Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

The lyrics talk of the Eminem's experience with groupies and it has been criticized for its misogyny. Musically known for its "southern bounce." Its notable for its censored and uncensored versions of its music video starring porn actress Gina Lynn.
Novgorod Governorate
58°26′N 32°23′E﻿ / ﻿58.433°N 32.383°E﻿ / 58.433; 32.383

Novgorod Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1727 to 1776 and from 1796 to 1927. Its administrative center was in the city of Novgorod. The governorate was located in the northwest of the European part of the Russian Empire.

Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (/vəˈliːki ˈnɒvɡərɒd/ ⓘ və-LEE-kee NOV-gə-rod; Russian: Великий Новгород, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]; lit. 'Great Newtown'), also known simply as Novgorod (Новгород), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, being first mentioned in the 9th century. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen and is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and Saint Petersburg. UNESCO recognized Novgorod as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The city has a population of 224,286 (2021 census).

At its peak during the 14th century, the city was the capital of the Novgorod Republic and was one of Europe's largest cities. The "Великий" (Veliky) part was added to the city's name in 1999.
Exenatide
Exenatide, sold under the brand name Byetta among others, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with diet, exercise, and potentially other antidiabetic medication. It is a treatment option after metformin and sulfonylureas. It is given by injection under the skin.

Common side effects include low blood sugar, nausea, dizziness, abdominal pain, and pain at the site of injection. Other serious side effects may include medullary thyroid cancer, angioedema, pancreatitis, and kidney injury. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) also known as incretin mimetics. It works by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and decreases excessive glucagon release.

Exenatide was approved for medical use in the United States in 2005. In 2019, it was the 312th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

GLP-1 receptor agonist
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 agonists, GLP-1RAs, GLP-1 analogs, or incretin mimetics, are a class of medications that activate the GLP-1 receptor, causing reduced blood sugar, reduced appetite, and reduced energy intake. Originally developed to treat type 2 diabetes, some GLP-1 agonists have been approved to treat obesity. They mimic the actions of the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released in the small intestine and can inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, and are under study for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and diseases of the reward system, such as addictions.
The Markup
The Markup is an American nonprofit news publication focused on the impact of technology on society. Founded in 2018 with the goal of advancing data-driven journalism, the publication launched in February 2020. Nabiha Syed is the current chief executive officer and Sisi Wei is the editor-in-chief.

Nabiha Syed
Nabiha Syed is an American technology lawyer and executive. Syed was the chief executive officer of The Markup, a data-driven media startup.  She has been described as "one of the best emerging free speech lawyers" by Forbes magazine. In 2023, Syed was recognized as a transformational leader in digital civil rights by the NAACP. On May 15, 2024, Syed became the executive director of the Mozilla Foundation.
Perses (brother of Aeetes)
In Greek mythology, Perses (/ˈpɜːrsiz/; Ancient Greek: Πέρσης, romanized: Pérsēs, lit. 'destroyer or Persian') is the brother of Aeëtes, Aloeus, Circe and Pasiphaë, as he is a son of Helios, the god of the sun, by Perse, an Oceanid nymph.
Unlike his siblings, Perses was not mentioned in earlier sources like Hesiod's Theogony (which only lists Aeëtes and Circe as Helios and Perse's children) nor Apollonius Rhodius' Argonautica. Rather, most of the sources mentioning him are Roman.
In Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica, Perses is a brother of Aeëtes only on his mother's side, his father being unknown.

Aeëtes
Aeëtes (/iːˈiːtiːz/ ee-EE-teez; Ancient Greek: Αἰήτης, romanized: Aiḗtēs, IPA: [ai̯.ɛ̌ːtɛːs]), or Aeeta, was the ruler of the eponymous realm of Aea in Greek mythology, a wondrous realm which from the fifth century B.C.E. onward became identified with the kingdom of Colchis east in the Black Sea. The name comes from the ancient Greek word αἰετός (aietós, "eagle").
Cos Cob, Connecticut
Cos Cob is a neighborhood and census-designated place in the town of Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. It is located on the Connecticut shoreline in southern Fairfield County. It had a population of 6,873 at the 2020 census.

Cos Cob is located on the western side of the mouth of the Mianus River. The American Impressionist Cos Cob Art Colony flourished in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. An offshoot of the group, the Greenwich Art Society, continues to support local artists in town.

The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Banksville, Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus,  Old Greenwich, Riverside and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes.  From 1883 to 1885, the official post office name of Cos Cob was Bayport.

Byram, Connecticut
Byram is a neighborhood/section and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Greenwich in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It had a population of 4,146 at the 2010 census, and a census-estimated population of 4,216 in 2018. An endcap of Connecticut's Gold Coast, Byram is the southernmost point in the town of Greenwich and the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is separated from Port Chester, Westchester County, New York, by the Byram River. Byram was once known as East Port Chester.
Likhoslavlsky District
Likhoslavlsky District  (Russian: Лихосла́вльский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Rameshkovsky District in the east, Kalininsky District in the south, Torzhoksky District in the southwest, and with Spirovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,781 square kilometers (688 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Likhoslavl. Population: 28,492 (2010 Census);  30,079 (2002 Census); 33,942 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Likhoslavl accounts for 43.0% of the district's total population.

Rameshkovsky District
Rameshkovsky District  (Russian: Ра́мешковский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the eastern central part of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Bezhetsky District in the northwest, Kashinsky District in the east, Kimrsky District in the southeast, Kalininsky District in the south, and with Likhoslavlsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,511 square kilometers (970 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Rameshki. Population: 14,988 (2010 Census);  15,600 (2002 census); 18,029 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Rameshki accounts for 28.8% of the district's total population.
Pegu Range
The Pegu Range  (Burmese: ပဲခူးရိုးမ; Pegu Yoma or Bago Yoma) is a range of low mountains or hills and uplands between the Irrawaddy and the Sittaung River in central Burma (Myanmar).  The range runs from Mount Popa in the north to Singuttara Hill (Theingottara Hill) in the south. Both the Pegu River and the Sittaung River originate in the Pegu Range.

Singuttara Hill
Siṅguttara Hill (Burmese: သိင်္ဂုတ္တရကုန်းတော် [θèɪɰ̃ɡoʊʔtəɹa̰ ɡóʊɰ̃dɔ̀]; also spelt "Theingottara Hill") is  a small hill in Yangon, Myanmar (formerly Burma), crowned by the Shwedagon Pagoda, the most famous pagoda in the country.
Tiana Sumanasekera
Tiana Sumanasekera (born September 15, 2007) is an American artistic gymnast and a member of the United States women's national artistic gymnastics team.  She is the 2023 Pan American all-around and balance beam champion.

Hezly Rivera
Hezly Esther Rivera OLY (born June 4, 2008) is an American artistic gymnast. She was a member of the gold medal-winning team at the 2024 Olympic Games, nicknamed the "Golden Girls", and was the youngest athlete on Team USA at the 2024 Olympics. Additionally, she is the 2025 U.S. national champion, the 2023 junior U.S. national champion, and a silver medalist with the U.S. team and on floor exercise at the 2023 Junior World Championships.
Tatiana Ariza
Tatiana Ariza Díaz (born 21 February 1991) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Millonarios and the Colombia women's national team. She has also played for the Colombia U17 and U20 teams.

She was part of the Colombia women's national football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  Her twin sister Natalia Ariza is also a footballer.

Natalia Ariza
Natalia Ariza Díaz (born 21 February 1991) is a Colombian footballer who plays as a defender for Houston Aces.

She was part of the Colombia women's national football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She has also played for the Colombia U17 team. At club level, she played for Austin Peay State University.

Her twin sister, Tatiana Ariza, is also a footballer who plays as a defender.
U.S. Route 62 in Arkansas
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) is a U.S. highway running from El Paso, Texas northeast to Niagara Falls, New York. In the U.S. state of Arkansas, the route runs 329.9 miles from the Oklahoma border near Summers east to the Missouri border in St. Francis, serving the northern portion of the state. The route passes through several cities and towns, including Fayetteville, Springdale, Bentonville, Harrison, Mountain Home, Pocahontas, and also Piggott. US 62 runs concurrent with several highways in Arkansas including Interstate 49 and U.S. Route 71 between Fayetteville and Bentonville, U.S. Route 412 through much of the state, U.S. Route 65 in the Harrison area, and with U.S. Route 63 and U.S. Route 67 in northeast Arkansas.

Harrison, Arkansas
Harrison is a city in the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas, United States. It is named after Marcus LaRue Harrison, a surveyor who laid out the city along Crooked Creek at Stifler Springs. As of the 2020 census, Harrison had a population of 13,069. It is the 30th largest city in Arkansas based on official 2019 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Harrison is the principal city of the Harrison Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Boone and Newton counties.

The community has a history of racism; there were two race riots in the early 20th century and an influx of white supremacist organizations during the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Arthur Derounian
Arthur Derounian (born Avedis Boghos Derounian (Armenian: Աւետիս Պօղոս Տէրունեան), April 9, 1909 – April 23, 1991), also known as John Roy Carlson among many pen names, was an Armenian-American journalist and author, the best-selling author of Under Cover.

Derounian wrote for the Armenian Mirror-Spectator, Fortune Magazine, the Council Against Intolerance and the Friends of Democracy.  In the 1950s he founded and managed the Armenian Information Service.

Derounian is also notable for editing the manifesto of Armenia's first Prime Minister, Hovhannes Kajaznuni.

Hovhannes Kajaznuni
Hovhannes Kajaznuni or Katchaznouni (Armenian: Հովհաննես Քաջազնունի; 14 February 1868 – 15 January 1938) was an Armenian architect and politician who served as  the first prime minister of the First Republic of Armenia from 6 June 1918 to 7 August 1919. He was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.