hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mutchkin
Disambiguation: a "mutchkin" can also refer a close-fitting Scottish cap.

The mutchkin (Scottish Gaelic: mùisgein) was a Scottish unit of liquid volume measurement that was in use from at least 1661 (and possibly as early as the 15th century) until the late 19th century, approximately equivalent to 424 mL, or roughly 3⁄4 imperial pint. The word was derived from mutse – a mid 15th-century Dutch measure of beer or wine.

A mutchkin could be subdivided into four Scottish gills (of approximately 106 mL each) – this was roughly equivalent to three imperial gills or three-quarters of an imperial pint.

Two mutchkins (848 mL) made one chopin.

Four mutchkins (1696 mL) made one Scottish pint (or joug), roughly equivalent to three imperial pints (1705 mL).

Joug
The joug or Scots pint or Scottish pint (Scottish Gaelic: pinnt) was a Scottish unit of liquid volume measurement that was in use from at least 1661 – possibly as early as the 15th century – until the early 19th century, approximately equivalent to 1696 mL or roughly three imperial pints.

The standard was held at Stirling and thereby called the Stirling Jug. It went astray in 1745 and its loss was hidden by replacement by a standard pewter jug of roughly the same size. The error was discovered by Rev Alexander Bryce in 1750, who after a long search found the damaged jug in the attic of a Mr Urquhart, a coppersmith in Stirling, and restored the standard.

Bakers used the measure until the late 19th century.

One joug was sixteen Scottish gills (of approximately 106 mL each)

One joug was four mutchkins (of approximately 424 mL each)

One joug was two chopins (of approximately 848 mL each)

Eight jougs made a Scottish gallon (approximately 13.568 L)
Armen Dzhigarkhanyan
Armen Borisovich Dzhigarkhanyan (3 October 1935 – 14 November 2020) was a Soviet, Armenian, and Russian actor.

Born and raised in Yerevan, Dzhigarkhanyan started acting in the academic and Russian theaters of the city, before moving to Moscow to continue stage acting. Since 1960, he appeared in a number of Armenian films. He became popular in the 1970s with the various roles he portrayed in Soviet films like The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (1968), its sequel The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers (1971) and The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed (1979). After almost 30 years on the stage of the Mayakovsky Theatre, Dzhigarkhanyan taught at VGIK and in 1996 he founded his own drama theater in Moscow.

With more than 250 appearances, Dzhigarkhanyan, one of the most renowned film and stage Armenian and Russian actors, appeared in more films than any other Russian actor.

The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers
The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers (Russian: Новые приключения Неуловимых, translit. Novye prikluchenya Neulovimykh) is a 1968 Soviet action adventure film, a sequel of The Elusive Avengers, by Mosfilm. Directed by Edmond Keosayan, the film was followed by The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers, also directed by Keosayan, and released in 1971.
Simi (mixtape)
Simi (stylized in all caps) is the seventh mixtape by American rapper BlocBoy JB. It was released by his label Bloc Nation on May 4, 2018. The mixtape features guest appearances from Drake, Lil Pump, Moneybagg Yo, 21 Savage, and YG.  The mixtape was supported by two singles: "Look Alive" featuring Drake and "Rover 2.0" featuring 21 Savage, and one promotional single, "Nun of Dat" featuring Lil Pump.

Look Alive (BlocBoy JB song)
"Look Alive" is a song by American rapper BlocBoy JB featuring Canadian rapper Drake. Written alongside producer Tay Keith, it was released on February 9, 2018, as the lead single off BlocBoy JB's mixtape Simi. It debuted at number six and later peaked at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100, which makes it the first top 10 single for BlocBoy JB and 23rd for Drake.
The Rifleman
The Rifleman is an American Western television series starring Chuck Connors as rancher Lucas McCain and Johnny Crawford as his son Mark McCain. It was set in the 1880s in the fictional town of North Fork, New Mexico Territory. The show was filmed in black and white, in half-hour episodes. The Rifleman aired on ABC from September 30, 1958, to April 8, 1963, as a production of Four Star Television. It was one of the first primetime series on American television to show a single parent raising a child.

The program was titled to reflect McCain's use of a Winchester Model 1892 rifle (an anachronism, as the show was set in the 1880s) which had been customized to allow repeated firing by cycling its lever action. He demonstrated this technique in the opening credits, as well as a second modification that allowed him to cycle the action with one hand using a technique known as "spin-cocking".

Johnny Crawford
John Ernest Crawford (March 26, 1946 – April 29, 2021) was an American actor and singer. He first performed before a national audience as a Mouseketeer. At age 12, Crawford rose to prominence playing Mark McCain in the series The Rifleman, for which he was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Emmy Award at age 13.

Crawford had a brief career as a recording artist in the 1950s and 1960s. He continued to act on television and in film as an adult. Beginning in 1992, Crawford led the California-based Johnny Crawford Orchestra, a vintage dance orchestra that performed at special events.
2013–14 Sultan Qaboos Cup
The 2013–14 Sultan Qaboos Cup was the 41st edition of the Sultan Qaboos Cup (Arabic: كأس السلطان قابوس), the premier knockout tournament for football teams in Oman.

The competition began on 4 November 2013 with the qualification round and concluded on 24 May 2014. Al-Suwaiq Club were the defending champions, having won their second title in 2013. Fanja SC were crowned the champions of the 2013–14 Sultan Qaboos Cup when they defeated Al-Nahda Club 2–0, winning the title for a record ninth time.

Fanja SC
Fanja Sports Club (Arabic: نادي فنجاء الرياضي; known locally as Al-Malik; lit. 'The King'), known simply as Fanja, is an Omani professional sports club based in Fanja. The club currently plays in the Oman Professional League, top division of Oman Football Association. Their home ground is Al-Seeb Stadium. The stadium is government owned, but they also own their own stadium and sports equipment, as well as their own training facilities.
Alvis plc
Alvis PLC was a British motor vehicle manufacturer. It was created when United Scientific Holdings plc acquired the Alvis division of the nationalised vehicle manufacturer British Leyland in 1981. United Scientific maintained its own name until 1992 when the group was renamed Alvis plc. Alvis acquired the armoured vehicle business of the Swedish engineering company Hägglund & Söner in 1997 and the armoured vehicle business of GKN in 1998.

Alvis acquired Vickers Defence Systems from Rolls-Royce in October 2002. It was in turn acquired by BAE Systems in 2004 and became BAE Systems Land Systems (Weapons & Vehicles), now part of the BAE Systems Land & Armaments operating group.

Vickers plc
Vickers plc was the remainder of Vickers-Armstrongs after the nationalisation of three of its four operating groups: aviation (as a 50% share since 1960 of British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1977), shipbuilding (Vickers Limited Shipbuilding Group in 1977) and steel. It was purchased by Rolls-Royce plc in 1999, and the Vickers company name became defunct in 2003 as Rolls renamed the company Vinters Engineering.
National Highway 319 (India)
National Highway 319 (NH 319) is a National Highway in India. This highway connects NH-922 in Arrah (Bhojpur district) to NH-19 in Mohania (Kaimur district) in the state of Bihar. The NH-319 passes through Jagdishpur and Dinara.

Arrah
Arrah (also spelled as Arra, Arah, transliterated as Ara) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district (formerly known as Shahabad district) in the Indian state of Bihar. During the British Raj, it served as the administrative headquarters and was considered the most populous urban centre of the historical Shahabad district. It is the headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near the confluence of the Ganges and Sone rivers, some 24 miles (39 km) from Danapur and 36 miles (58 km) from Patna.

The city holds an important position in Indian history, mainly because of its role in the Siege of Arrah, an important event during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, Arrah is a cultural centre for the Bhojpuri speaking region of India. Its economy is driven by agriculture and the trade of building materials, mainly sand and bricks from the riverine plains.
Callum Chettle
Callum Louis Chettle (born 28 August 1996) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Southern League Premier Division Central club Barwell.

After leaving Nottingham Forest for Ilkeston at the age of 15, he moved up the divisions to join Nuneaton Town in July 2015, and then Peterborough United in January 2016.

Steve Chettle
Stephen John Chettle (born 27 September 1968) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.

As a player, he was a defender from 1986 to 2005 and was best known for his time as a player at Nottingham Forest where he made 415 league appearances and played numerous seasons in the Premier League, won the League Cup and was a runner-up in the FA Cup. Despite playing most of his career in the top level of English football, Chettle never made the England squad, but came close in 1992, despite this Chettle played 12 games for the England Under-21s, captaining them in his final appearance. He went on to play for Barnsley, Walsall and Grimsby Town before ending his career in Non-League football with stints at Burton Albion and Ilkeston Town.

Since his retirement, Chettle had coached at former club Forest at academy level, before joining Ilkeston in 2014. He went on to join Notts County as a first team coach and twice served as caretaker manager during the 2018–19 season.
Petru Giovacchini
Petru Giovacchini (French: Pierre Giovacchini, Italian: Pietro Giovacchini; 1 February 1910 – 29 September 1955) was a Corsican activist, born in Canale-di-Verde to an old family of the Corsican nobility with deep-rooted pro-Italian feelings. Giovacchini was the most renowned of the Corsican Italians, who actively promoted the unification of Corsica to the Kingdom of Italy during the Fascist years.

Italian occupation of Corsica
The Italian occupation of Corsica refers to the military (and administrative) occupation by the Kingdom of Italy of the French island of Corsica during the Second World War, from November 1942 to September 1943. After an initial period of increased control over the island, by early spring 1943 the Maquis had begun to occupy the hinterland. In the aftermath of the Armistice of Cassibile, the Italian capitulation to the Allies, the Germans evacuated Sardinia via Corsica and occupied the island with the support of Italian units who had defected to them. Italian troops under Giovanni Magli, the Maquis and Free French Forces joined forces against the Germans and liberated the island.
Li Shi (Tang dynasty)
Li Shi (李石), courtesy name Zhongyu (中玉), formally the Count of Longxi (隴西伯), was a Chinese politician of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong. He was credited with stabilizing the political scene in the aftermaths of the Ganlu incident, a failed attempt by Emperor Wenzong to slaughter the powerful eunuchs.

Sweet Dew incident
The Sweet Dew incident or Ganlu incident  (Chinese: 甘露事變) was a failed coup on 14 December 835 by Emperor Wenzong of the Chinese Tang dynasty to seize power from the eunuchs. The emperor planned to kill the eunuchs with the aid of the chancellor Li Xun and the general Zheng Zhu. The eunuchs learned of the plot and solidified their control with a counter-coup; Li, Zheng, many of their followers, and other officials were killed.
Telemachus Jammer
Telemachus jammer is a portable anti drone system made by the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI) in Greece. It can spot and block small enemy drones, including FPV and fiberoptic guided ones that fly very low. The system uses radar and jamming technology to stop threats like drone swarms and mini UAVs, helping strengthen Greece's air defense.

Iperion anti drone system
Iperion anti drone system, developed by the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI) of Greece is a lightweight, portable, anti-drone weapon system. It is designed to detect, identify, and neutralize small to medium unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), specifically NATO Class 1 and Class 2 drone swarms, Iperion supports Greece's broader military modernization and defense industry ambitions.
Andrew Keir
Andrew Keir (né Buggy, 3 April 1926 – 5 October 1997) was a Scottish actor who appeared in a number of films made by Hammer Film Productions in the 1960s.  He was also active in television, and especially in the theatre, in a professional career that lasted from the 1940s to the 1990s. His obituary in The Times described him as possessing "considerable range and undeniable distinction."

Keir starred as Professor Bernard Quatermass in Hammer's film version of Quatermass and the Pit (1967). He also appeared in the big screen version of the Doctor Who story The Dalek Invasion of Earth, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966). He originated the role of Thomas Cromwell in Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons (1960). He played Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in the 1963 Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor vehicle Cleopatra.

Robert Bolt
Robert Oxton Bolt (15 August 1924 – 20 February 1995) was an English playwright and a screenwriter, known for writing the screenplays for Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago, and A Man for All Seasons, the latter two of which won him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He also was the recipient of a Tony Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Laurence Olivier Award.
Chinami Yoshida
Chinami Yoshida (吉田 知那美, Yoshida Chinami; born July 26, 1991) is a Japanese curler. She currently plays third for Team Loco Solare, which is skipped by Satsuki Fujisawa. The team won the bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics and the silver medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Yurika Yoshida
Yurika Yoshida (吉田 夕梨花, Yoshida Yurika; born July 7, 1993) is a Japanese curler.  She currently plays lead for Team Loco Solare, which is skipped by Satsuki Fujisawa. The team won the bronze medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics and the silver medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
Austin armoured car
The Austin armoured car was a British armoured car produced during the First World War. The vehicle is best known for its employment by the Imperial Russian Army in the First World War and by different forces in the Russian Civil War.

In addition to the British-built Austins, a few dozens of vehicles were manufactured in Russia in 1918–20. These are usually referred to as Austin-Putilov or – if fitted with a Kégresse halftrack chassis – Austin-Kégresse.

Kégresse track
A Kégresse track is a kind of rubber or canvas continuous track that uses a flexible belt rather than interlocking metal segments. It can be fitted to a conventional car or truck to turn it into a half-track, suitable for use over rough or soft ground. Conventional front wheels and steering are used, although skis may also be fitted. A snowmobile is a smaller ski-only type.

The mechanism incorporates an articulated bogie, fitted to the rear of the vehicle with a large drive wheel at one end, a large unpowered idler wheel at the other, and several small guide wheels in between, over which runs a reinforced flexible belt. The belt is fitted with metal or rubber treads to grip the ground.
Schmidt–Newtonian telescope
A Schmidt–Newtonian telescope or Schmidt–Newton telescope  is a catadioptric telescope that combines elements from both the Schmidt camera and the Newtonian telescope. In this telescope design, a spherical primary mirror is combined with a Schmidt corrector plate, which corrects the spherical aberration and holds the secondary mirror. The resulting system has less coma and diffraction effects than a Newtonian telescope with a parabolic mirror (which is free of spherical aberration but not free of coma) and a "spider" secondary mirror support. The design uses a 45° flat secondary mirror to view the image, as in a standard Newtonian telescope.

Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope
The Schmidt–Cassegrain is a catadioptric telescope that combines a Cassegrain reflector's optical path with a Schmidt corrector plate to make a compact astronomical instrument that uses simple spherical surfaces.
S v Jordan
S v Jordan and Others is a decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which confirmed the constitutionality of statutory prohibitions on brothel-keeping and prostitution. It was handed down on 9 October 2002 with a majority judgment by Justice Sandile Ngcobo.

Hearing a challenge to provisions of the Sexual Offences Act, 1957, the court held unanimously that it is constitutional to criminalise brothel-keeping. However, the bench split six-to-five on the constitutionality of section 20(1)(aA) of the Act, which criminalises prostitution. Writing on behalf of the minority, Justices Kate O'Regan and Albie Sachs argued that the prostitution prohibition discriminated indirectly but unfairly against women, while the majority dismissed this view on the grounds that both men and women are barred from conducting sex work.

Kate O'Regan
Catherine "Kate" O'Regan (born 17 September 1957) is a former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. From 2013 to 2014 she was a commissioner of the Khayelitsha Commission and is now the inaugural director of the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights at the University of Oxford.
Loose: The Concert
Loose: The Concert is a live album by Canadian singer Nelly Furtado. The DVD was recorded at Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. The CD was recorded at the  Wamu Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York City and the Paramount Theatre in Oakland, California during the Get Loose Tour. The DVD and accompanying CD of the concert were released on November 19, 2007 in the United Kingdom and on December 4 in the United States.

Get Loose Tour
The Get Loose Tour was the third concert tour by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado. The tour showcased material from her third studio album, Loose (2006). A live album, Loose: The Concert, originated from the April 4, 2007, concert in Toronto.
Five Little Ducks
"Five Little Ducks" is an American nursery rhyme. The rhyme also has an associated finger play. Canadian children's folk singer Raffi released it as a single from the Rise and Shine (1982) album. Denise Fleming's 2016 picture book 5 Little Ducks tells a reimagined version of the song.

Raffi
Raffi Cavoukian CC OBC (Armenian: Րաֆֆի, born July 8, 1948), known professionally by the mononym Raffi, is an Armenian-Canadian singer-lyricist and author born in Egypt best known for his children's music. In 1992, The Washington Post called him "the most popular children's singer in the English-speaking world". He developed his career as a "global troubadour" to become a music producer, author, entrepreneur, and founder of the Raffi Foundation for Child Honouring, an initiative focused on promoting children's rights and well-being. He has also been involved in advocacy for environmental and social causes, often addressing issues like commercial exploitation of children and climate change through his music and public appearances.
Jolo Mendoza
Jose Lorenzo Bernal Mendoza (born January 31, 1998) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Abra Solid North Weavers of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL).

Mendoza played his entire high school and collegiate career with the Ateneo Blue Eagles, winning a juniors championship in 2015 and two seniors championships in 2017 and 2018. In 2022, he turned pro, joining the Rizal Golden Coolers of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL) followed by the Pampanga Royce of the Pilipinas Super League (PSL). In 2023, he was selected by the Meralco Bolts with the 32nd pick of the PBA season 48 draft. He then won a championship with the team in the 2024 PBA Philippine Cup finals.

PBA season 48 draft
The PBA season 48 draft was the 38th edition of the PBA draft. It was held at Market! Market! in Taguig on September 17, 2023. It was an event that allowed teams to take turns selecting amateur basketball players and other eligible players, including half-Filipino foreign players. The league determined the drafting order based on the performance of the member teams from the 2022–23 season, with the worst team, the Terrafirma Dyip, picking first. For the first time since 2010, the draft was held at Market! Market!.
Isla San Lorenzo Norte
Isla San Lorenzo Norte is an island in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Mexicali Municipality. The much larger Isla San Lorenzo Sur is located immediately southeast of Isla San Lorenzo Norte.

Isla San Lorenzo Sur
Isla San Lorenzo Sur, is an island in the Gulf of California east of the Baja California Peninsula. The island is uninhabited and is part of the Mexicali Municipality. Isla San Lorenzo Norte is located immediately northwest of Isla San Lorenzo Sur.
Coleopter
A coleopter is a type of VTOL aircraft design that uses a ducted fan as the primary fuselage of the entire aircraft. Generally they appear to be a large barrel-like extension at the rear, with a small cockpit area suspended above it. Coleopters are generally designed as tail-sitters. The term is an anglicisation of the French coléoptère "beetle" after the first actual implementation of this design, the SNECMA Coléoptère of the mid-1950s.

Tail-sitter
A tail-sitter, or tailsitter, is a type of VTOL aircraft that takes off and lands on its tail, then tilts horizontally for forward flight.

Originating in the 1920s with the inventor Nikola Tesla, the first aircraft to adopt a tail-sitter configuration were developed by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Development of such aircraft spiked during the late 1940s and 1950s, as aircraft designers and defence planners alike recognised the potential value of fixed-wing aircraft that could perform both a vertical take-off and vertical landing while also transitioning into and out of conventional flight. Inherent problems with tail-sitter aircraft were poor pilot visibility and control difficulties, especially during vertical descent and landing. Programmes to develop manned tail-sitters were typically terminated in the form of the more practical thrust vectoring approach, as used by aircraft such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and Yakovlev Yak-38.
Paradox Development Studio
Paradox Development Studio (PDS) is a Swedish video game developer founded in 1995. It is closely associated with its parent company and video game publisher, Paradox Interactive. It is best known for its grand strategy wargame series Europa Universalis, Hearts of Iron, Victoria, Crusader Kings, Stellaris, and Imperator.

Hearts of Iron
Hearts of Iron is a 2002 grand strategy video game developed by Paradox Development Studio and originally published by Strategy First for Microsoft Windows. A Mac OS X version was released by Virtual Programming the following year. In 2004, Atari SA published Hearts of Iron: Platinum, an updated version that sought to improve several aspects of the game.

Hearts of Iron allows the player to take control of a nation in the world and guide it through World War II and the years immediately before and after it. Hearts of Iron is the first game in the eponymous series of grand strategy wargames. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, Hearts of Iron was followed by three additional games: Hearts of Iron II, Hearts of Iron III, and Hearts of Iron IV.