hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ergodicity economics
Ergodicity economics is a research programme that applies the concept of ergodicity to problems in economics and decision-making under uncertainty. The programme's main goal is to understand how traditional economic theory, framed in terms of the expectation values, changes when replacing expectation value with time averages. In particular, the programme is interested in understanding how behaviour is shaped by non-ergodic economic processes, that is processes where the expectation value of an observable does not equal its time average.

St. Petersburg paradox
The St. Petersburg paradox or St. Petersburg lottery is a paradox involving the game of flipping a coin where the expected payoff of the lottery game is infinite but nevertheless seems to be worth only a very small amount to the participants. The St. Petersburg paradox is a situation where a naïve decision criterion that takes only the expected value into account predicts a course of action that presumably no actual person would be willing to take. Several resolutions to the paradox have been proposed, including the impossible amount of money a casino would need to continue the game indefinitely.

The problem was invented by Nicolas Bernoulli, who stated it in a letter to Pierre Raymond de Montmort on September 9, 1713. However, the paradox takes its name from its analysis by Nicolas' cousin Daniel Bernoulli, one-time resident of Saint Petersburg, who in 1738 published his thoughts about the problem in the Commentaries of the Imperial Academy of Science of Saint Petersburg.
Saawan
Saawan (Urdu: ساون) is a 2017 Pakistani drama film directed by Farhan Alam and produced and written by Mashood Qadri under the production banner of Kalakar Entertainments. The film is based on a true story of a disabled child, who faced difficulties in the deserts of Pakistan. The film stars Saleem Mairaj, Syed Karam Abbas, Arif Bahalim, Najiba Faiz and Imran Aslam in the lead roles. The other cast includes Tipu Sharif, Hafeez Ali, Sehrish Qadri, Sohail Malik, Shahid Niazmi, Muhammad Abbas, Danial Yunus, Mehek Zulfiqar and Syed Muhammad Ali. A special appearance is made by Lt. Gen. S. A. A. Najmi (R). It was selected as the Pakistani entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 90th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated.

Imran Aslam (actor)
Imran Aslam (Urdu: ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻠﻢ) is a Pakistani television actor working in Pakistani television and film industry. Aslam has worked in numerous shows and won accolades for his performances including two Hum TV Awards. He was also nominated "Best Actor" in Lux Style Award for the drama series Sanjha.
Gedko Sasinowic
Gedko Sasinowic (Gedko, son of Sasin) (died 1223) was a medieval Bishop of Płock.

Born into the Ogończyk nobile family. He was son of Sasin and nephew of Żyro. Gedko, bishop of Kraków, was his father's cousin.

He was made provost of the chapter of the Cathedral of Kraków in 1189 and in 1206 became bishop of Płock.

He is first attested in correspondence with Christian of Oliva the bishop of Chełmno, in Prussia, in a document dated 5 August 1222. Here he appears to be subordinate to the Prussian Bishopric. Płock appears to have been a base for missionary activity into Prussia at this time.

He is also recorded as approving the donation of the Pope Honorius III in the Bull Cum a nobis petitur in 1223.

The death of Gedko in 1223 left a power vacuum and the bishops throne remained vacant for two years as it was disputed between Jan Gozdawita and Gunter Prus. Both men eventually became Bishop.

Gunter Prus
Gunter Prus was  Bishop of Płock in 1223 and again from 1227 to 1232. Born into the Prus noble family, he was Canon and Dean of Płock. Following the death of Bishop Gedko Sasinowic, he contended – supported by Duke Konrad I of Masovia – for the bishop's throne against his rival Jan Gozdawita who died in 1227. His episcopacy saw him oppose the Teutonic Knights encourage Duke Konrad, recall the Teutonic Knights to Polish lands and militarily oppose the neighbouring, pagan Old Prussians who were pillaging and slaving in Polish territory at the time. He died in 1232 in Vienna on a diplomatic mission, and he was buried in Rome.
2014–15 Azadegan League
The 2014–15 Azadegan League was the 24th season of the Azadegan League and 14th as the second highest division since its establishment in 1991. The season featured 16 teams from the 2013–14 Azadegan League, three new teams relegated from the 2013–14 Persian Gulf Cup (Fajr Sepasi, Damash and Mes Kerman) and four new teams promoted from the 2013–14 2nd Division (Shahrdari Ardabil and Etka Gorgan both as champions and Foolad Novin and Shahrdari Tabriz). Tarbiat Yazd replaced Yazd Louleh. The league started on 4 October 2014 and ended on 22 April 2015. Foolad Novin won the Azadegan League title for the first time in their history. Siah Jamegan and Esteghlal Ahvaz were promoted to the Persian Gulf Pro League.

Foolad Khuzestan B F.C.
Foolad Khuzestan B Football Club (Persian: باشگاه فوتبال فولاد نوين خوزستان, Bashgah-e Futbal-e Fulâd-e Nevin Xuzestan) is an Iranian football club, based in Ahvaz, Khuzestan. They are the reserve side of Persian Gulf Pro League club Foolad, and currently compete in the Azadegan League. The club has a policy to only sign players from the province of Khuzestan, to promote the growth of local talent.

In the summer of 2015, Foolad Novin changed its name to Foolad Khuzestan B.
Youn Chul-ho
Youn Chul-ho (Korean: 윤철호; born 1 April 1955) is a Presbyterian theologian of South Korea. After teaching systematic theology and hermeneutics for 30 years at Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary, he has been an emeritus professor since June 2020. He has written books and articles of systematic theology. and has received several awards for his contribution to the development of theology of Korea.

Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary
The Presbyterian University and Theological Seminary (PUTS) is a university and seminary located in the Gwangjin District, Seoul, South Korea. PUTS is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church of Korea. Its school motto is Pietatis et Scientia ("Piety and Knowledge").
Nymphonidae
Nymphonidae is a family of sea spiders which has representatives in all the oceans. This family contains some 250 species, most of which are found in the genus Nymphon. Nymphonid bodies are between 1 and 15 mm long, the extent between the points of the legs reaching 150 mm. Most species are predators of hydroids. Like most sea spiders, species in this family have four pairs of legs in adults, except for Pentanymphon antarcticum, which has five pairs, and Sexanymphon mirabilis, which has six pairs.

Nymphon
Nymphon is a genus of sea spiders in the family Nymphonidae. The species within this genus are all benthic organisms found in most major oceans across the globe from the littoral zones to the deep sea, with a strong distribution around polar regions: Arctic and Antarctic waters. Out of the sea spider genus, Nymphon is the most diverse with over 200 species had been described, with a majority of them being found in the Southern Ocean region. This genus may also contain bioluminescent species.
First cabinet of Andrej Babiš
The first cabinet of Andrej Babiš was the governing body of the Czech Republic from 13 December 2017 until it was succeeded by the second cabinet of Andrej Babiš on 27 June 2018. Andrej Babiš was designated Prime Minister by President Miloš Zeman on 6 December 2017. The cabinet was appointed on 13 December 2017. It consisted of 14 ministers.

On 16 January 2018 the cabinet failed a confidence vote in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, by 78 to 117.

Second cabinet of Andrej Babiš
The second cabinet of Andrej Babiš was a centre-left to centre-right minority coalition government in the Czech Republic, consisting of ANO 2011, a populist political movement, and the centre-left Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD). The coalition received external support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM). The head of government was Andrej Babiš, leader of ANO.

The cabinet was approved by the Chamber of Deputies on 12 July 2018 with a 105–91 vote. The Communist Party withdrew its support for the government on 13 April 2021. The government left office on 17 December 2021, and was replaced by the cabinet of Petr Fiala.
Fokker D.VIII
The Fokker E.V was a German parasol-monoplane fighter aircraft designed by Reinhold Platz and built by Fokker-Flugzeugwerke. The E.V was the last Fokker design to become operational with the Luftstreitkräfte entering service in the last months of World War I. After several fatal accidents due to wing failures, the aircraft was modified and renamed Fokker D.VIII. Dubbed the Flying Razor by post-war pulp-fiction writers, the D.VIII had the distinction of scoring the last aerial victory of the war.

Luftstreitkräfte
The Deutsche Luftstreitkräfte (German: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈlʊftˌʃtʁaɪtkʁɛftə], German Air Combat Forces) – known before October 1916 as Die Fliegertruppen des deutschen Kaiserreiches (The Imperial German Air Service, lit. "The flying troops of the German Imperial Realm") – was the air arm of the Imperial German Army. In English-language sources it is usually referred to as the Imperial German Air Service, although that is not a literal translation of either name. German naval aviators of the Marine-Fliegerabteilung were an integral part of the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). Both military branches operated aeroplanes, observation balloons and airships.
2025 Skate America
The 2025 Skate America is a figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU). Organized and hosted by U.S. Figure Skating, it was the fifth event of the 2025–26 Grand Prix of Figure Skating: a senior-level international invitational competition series. It was held from November 14 to 16 at the Herb Brooks Arena in Lake Placid, New York, in the United States. Medals were awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earned points based on their results, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline at the end of the season will be invited to then compete at the 2025 Grand Prix Final in Nagoya, Japan. Kévin Aymoz of France won the men's event, Alysa Liu of the United States won the women's event, Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara of Japan won the pairs event, and Madison Chock and Evan Bates of the United States won the ice dance event.

Riku Miura
Riku Miura (Japanese: 三浦 璃来; born December 17, 2001) is a Japanese pair skater. She and her skating partner, Ryuichi Kihara, are the 2026 Olympic pair skating champions, two-time Olympic team event silver medalists (2022, 2026), two-time World Champions (2023, 2025), two-time World silver medalists (2022, 2024), two-time Four Continents champions (2023, 2025), two-time Grand Prix Final champions (2022–23, 2025–26), eight-time ISU Grand Prix medalists (five golds, two silvers, one bronze), three-time ISU Challenger Series medalists (one gold, two silvers), and two-time Japanese national champions (2019–20, 2024–25).

Miura and Kihara are the first Japanese pair skating team to win gold at an ISU Grand Prix event, an ISU Grand Prix Final, an ISU Championships, and a Winter Olympic Games. They are also one of only few skaters to achieve a Career Golden Slam.

With her former skating partner, Shoya Ichihashi, she competed in the final segment at three World Junior Championships (2017–19).
Battle of Kathio
The Battle of Kathio, or Battle of Izatys, is an oral tradition of the Ojibwe reporting a battle fought in 1750. It was fought between the Ojibwe (also known as the Chippewa) and the Dakota at the village of Kathio, also called Izatys, near the source of the Rum River, Mille Lacs Lake. If historical, it would be a battle in the Dakota-Ojibwe War.

Dakota-Ojibwe War
The Dakota-Ojibwe War was fought between the Dakota and Ojibwe from the late 1730s to 1858. The war happened mostly within the borders of what is now Minnesota and Wisconsin. Neither side would claim victory in the war.
Dummy Mommy
Dummy Mommy (Korean: 바보엄마; RR: Baboeomma) is a 2012 South Korean weekend television series starring Kim Hyun-joo, Ha Hee-ra, Ahn Seo-hyun, Kim Jeong-hoon, Kim Tae-woo, Shin Hyun-joon, Yoo In-young and Gong Hyun-joo  . It aired on SBS from March 17 to May 20, 2012 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:50 for 20 episodes.

The show is based on a novel of the same name by Choi Yoo-kyung, which was published on October 28, 2005.

Yoo In-young
Yoo Hyo-min (Korean: 유효민; born January 5, 1984), professionally known as Yoo In-young (유인영), is a South Korean actress. Yoo began her entertainment career as a commercial model before making her acting debut in 2005.

Yoo is best known for her roles in A Man Called God (2010) and Dummy Mommy (2012). In 2013, Yoo was chosen as a model for Elizabeth Arden, the first Korean actor to represent the cosmetic brand exclusively in the Asian region.
Anonymous Noise
Anonymous Noise (Japanese: 覆面系ノイズ, Hepburn: Fukumenkei Noizu) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ryoko Fukuyama. The series is published by Hakusensha in Japan and by Viz Media in the United States. The manga has been adapted into an anime television series that aired from April to June 2017 and a live-action film.

Viz Media
Viz Media, LLC is an American entertainment company, focused on publishing manga, and distributing and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series.

The company was founded in 1986 as Viz, LLC. In 2005, Viz and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current Viz Media, which is owned by Japanese publishing conglomerates Shueisha and Shogakukan, as well as Japanese production company Shogakukan-Shueisha Productions (ShoPro). In 2017, Viz Media was the largest publisher of graphic novels in the United States in the bookstore market, with a 23% share of the market.
Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party
The Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party (Slovak: Slovenská demokratická a kresťanská únia – Demokratická strana, SDKÚ-DS) is a liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic political party in Slovakia. The SDKÚ-DS was a member of the Centrist Democrat International and was a member of the European People's Party until 2018, when it was expelled due to inactivity.

For 10 years, SDKÚ was a major centre-right political force in Slovakia. During their rule, Slovakia became member of the European Union and NATO, as well as put through economic reforms leading to the 00's economic boom. The party lost its significance in the 2012 parliamentary election, when it received only 6% of the popular vote. In the 2016 election, it lost the rest of its MPs and received only 0.26% of the vote. The party ran again in the 2023 election, receiving only 0,03% of votes.

Christian Democratic Movement
The Christian Democratic Movement (Slovak: Kresťanskodemokratické hnutie, KDH) is a Christian democratic political party in Slovakia that is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and an observer of the Centrist Democrat International.
Governor General's Award for English-language poetry
This is a list of recipients and nominees of the Governor General's Awards award for English-language poetry. The award was created in 1981 when the Governor General's Award for English language poetry or drama was divided.

Governor General's Awards
The Governor General's Awards are a collection of annual awards presented by the governor general of Canada, recognizing distinction in numerous academic, artistic, and social fields.

The first award was conceived and inaugurated in 1937 by the Lord Tweedsmuir, a prolific writer of fiction and non-fiction; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two award categories. Successive governors general have followed suit, establishing an award for whichever endeavour they personally found important. Only Adrienne Clarkson created three Governor General's Awards: the Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts, the Governor General's Northern Medal, and the Governor General's Medal in Architecture (though this was effectively a continuation of the Massey Medal, first established in 1950).
Lost and Delirious
Lost and Delirious, Rebelles in French, is a 2001 Canadian drama film directed by Léa Pool, and based on the novel The Wives of Bath by Susan Swan. Lost and Delirious is told from the perspective of Mary (Mischa Barton), who observes the changing love between her two teenage friends, Pauline (Piper Perabo) and Victoria (Jessica Paré). The film premiered at the 2001 Sundance Film Festival.

Léa Pool
Léa Pool C.M. (born 8 September 1950) is a Canadian and Swiss filmmaker. She has directed several documentaries and feature films, many of which have won significant awards including the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury, and she was the first woman to win the prize for Best Film at the Quebec Cinema Awards. Pool's films often opposed stereotypes and refused to focus on heterosexual relations, preferring individuality. She also taught film at Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM).
Dombay, Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Dombay (Russian: Домба́й; Karachay-Balkar: Доммай, Dommay) is an urban locality (a resort settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of the town of republic significance of Karachayevsk in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 657.

Karachayevsk
Karachayevsk (Russian: Карача́евск; Karachay-Balkar: Къарачай шахар, Qaraçay şaxar) is a town in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia, located on the Kuban River in the Caucasus Mountains. Population:  21,483 (2010 census); 22,113 (2002 census); 21,582 (1989 Soviet census).
The Gathering (Testament album)
The Gathering is the eighth studio album by American thrash metal band Testament, released on June 8, 1999. It was the first release the band had done with Spitfire Records. Co-produced by band members, Chuck Billy and Eric Peterson, this was the first album featuring new musicians Steve Di Giorgio on bass guitar and Dave Lombardo on drums. Billy, Peterson and Lombardo, along with longtime Testament collaborator Del James, are also given composer credits on the album. It would also be the only Testament album for Lombardo, who had left the band not long after the release of The Gathering.

The Gathering continued Testament's transition into death metal which began on their previous album Demonic, but it also brought back their thrash-oriented sound. As a result, this album has been seen as a return-to-form for the band.

Dave Lombardo
David Lombardo (born February 16, 1965) is a Cuban-American drummer, best known as a co-founding member of the thrash metal band Slayer. He currently plays drums with Fantômas, Dead Cross, Mr. Bungle, Empire State Bastard, and Misfits.

Lombardo previously played drums on nine Slayer albums, including Reign in Blood (1986) and Christ Illusion (2006). His music career has spanned over 40 years, during which he has been involved in the production of 35 commercial recordings covering a number of genres. He has performed with numerous other bands, including Grip Inc., Testament and Fantômas, in addition to Slayer.

Lombardo is widely known as an aggressive heavy metal drummer. His drumming has been praised as "astonishingly innovative". Drummerworld named him "The Godfather of Double Bass". He has had a significant influence on the metal scene and inspired modern metal drummers, particularly extreme metal drummers.
Doryanthes excelsa
Doryanthes excelsa, commonly known as the gymea lily, is a flowering plant in the family Doryanthaceae that is endemic to coastal areas of New South Wales near Sydney. It has sword-like leaves more than 1 metre (3 ft) long and it grows a flower spike up to 6 metres (20 ft) high. The apex of the spike bears a large cluster of bright red flowers, each 10 centimetres (4 in) across. Its common name is derived from kai'mia (anglicised as Gymea) in the indigenous Dharawal language. The Sydney suburbs of Gymea and Gymea Bay are named after the lily.

Doryanthes
Doryanthes is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Doryanthaceae. The genus consists of two species, D. excelsa (gymea lily) and D. palmeri (giant spear lily), both endemic natives of the coast of Eastern Australia. Doryanthaceae is part of the order Asparagales (the asparagoid lilies).

Plants grow in a rosette form, only flowering after more than 10 years. They enjoy a warm environment, good soil, and much water during the warmest time of the year.
Ravali
Ravali is an Indian actress who has appeared in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi language films. She is probably best known for her performances in Subhakankshalu, Pelli Sandadi, Vinodam and Mard.

Pelli Sandadi
Pelli Sandadi (transl. Wedding euphoria) is a 1996 Indian Telugu-language musical romance film directed by K. Raghavendra Rao. Produced by C. Aswani Dutt and Allu Aravind on Sri Raghavendra Movie Corporation banner, the film stars Srikanth, Ravali, and Deepti Bhatnagar, with music composed by M. M. Keeravani.

The film was released on 12 January 1996 and became a major commercial success. Made on a budget of ₹1.25 crore, the film grossed ₹12–15 crore at the box office, making it the second-highest-grossing Telugu film of the year after Ninne Pelladata. Pelli Sandadi received critical acclaim, winning five Nandi Awards and a Filmfare Award.

The film's success led to several adaptations, including remakes in Bengali as Biyer Phool (1996), in Hindi as Mere Sapno Ki Rani (1997) and in Tamil as Ninaithen Vandhai (1998). A spiritual sequel, Pelli SandaD, was released in 2021.
Academic Magnet High School
Academic Magnet High School (AMHS) is a high school (grades 9–12) in North Charleston, South Carolina, United States. The school enrolls students through an admissions process based on middle school grades, test scores, teacher recommendations, and a written essay.

North Charleston, South Carolina
North Charleston is a city in Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2020 census, North Charleston had a population of 114,852, making it the third-most populous city in the state, and the 248th-most populous city in the United States. North Charleston is a principal city within the Charleston-North Charleston, SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 849,417 in 2023.
BBC Southern Counties Radio
BBC Southern Counties Radio (BBC SCR) was the BBC Local Radio service for the English counties of Surrey and Sussex. The station also covered a large part of north-east Hampshire. It was the first BBC local radio station to introduce an all-speech format. It broadcast from studios in Brighton and Guildford on FM and AM, and on DAB on the NOW Sussex Coast multiplex.

BBC Local Radio
BBC Local Radio (also referred to as Local BBC Radio) is the BBC's local and regional radio division for England and the Channel Islands, consisting of 39 stations.

As of December 2024, the network broadcasts to a combined audience of 7.1 million, with a listening share of 4.6%, according to RAJAR.

BBC Local Radio does not operate in Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, which instead have their own national stations.