hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a novel by Ken Kesey published in 1962. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of institutional processes and the human mind, including a critique of psychiatry and a tribute to individualistic principles. It was adapted into the Broadway (and later off-Broadway) play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Dale Wasserman in 1963. Bo Goldman adapted the novel into a 1975 film of the same name directed by Miloš Forman, which won five Academy Awards.

Time magazine included the novel in its "100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005" list. In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels."

Randle McMurphy
Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy (also known as R.P. McMurphy) is the protagonist of Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962). He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well. Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the 1975 film adaptation, earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated on the "Heroes" list of AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains, but did not make the final list. In 2019 he was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 99th Greatest Movie Character of All Time.
Leprosy in Japan
As of 2009, 2,600 former leprosy patients were living in 13 national sanatoriums and 2 private hospitals in Japan. Their mean age is 80 years old. From the Meiji Period (1868–1912) and up until 1996, people diagnosed with leprosy in Japan were notably subjected to discrimination.

Nagashima Aiseien Sanatorium
The Nagashima Aiseien Sanatorium (国立療養所長島愛生園), or the National Sanatorium Nagashima Aiseien, is a sanatorium on the island of Nagashima in Setouchi, Okayama, Japan founded in 1930 for the treatment of leprosy. Currently, only former leprosy patients reside there.
Subrat Dutta
Subrata Dutta (born 16 November 1975) is an actor who appears in Indian films. He is best known for his role in Bollywood films like Talaash, Tango Charlie, Zameen, The Shaukeens, Rakhcharitra, Bhootnath Returns and Bengali films Chaturanga, Bibar and Jor.

Bibar
Bibar (Bengali: বিবর pronounced Bengali pronunciation: [ˈbibar]) is a 2006 Indian Bengali drama film directed by Subrata Sen starring Subrat Dutta, Tannishtha Chatterjee, Payel Sarkar, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty, Kunal Mitra, Shiladitya Patranabis, Pradip Mukherjee, Anuradha Ray, Kanchan Mullick, Rajesh Sharma, Dulal Lahiri and Biswajit Chakraborty. Based on Samaresh Basu's 1965 controversial novel Calcutta, Unabashed, Bibar deals with the angst of city youth in Calcutta, who are caught between the lures of a new, liberalized society and fast-fading traditional values.
Chopin (unit)
The chopin was a Scottish measure of volume, usually for fluids, that was in use from at least 1661, though possibly 15th century, until the mid 19th century. The measure was derived from the French measure chopine, a widespread unit of liquid capacity, first recorded in the 13th century. A chopin is equivalent to 0.848 litres.

1 chopin is 8 gills

1 chopin is 2 mutchkins

2 chopins is the equivalent of 1 (Scots) pint (or joug)

16 chopins is the equivalent of 1 (Scots) gallon

Gallon (Scots)
The Scots gallon (Scottish Gaelic: galan) was a unit of liquid volume measurement that was in use in Scotland from at least 1661 – and possibly as early as the 15th century – until the late 19th century. It was approximately equivalent to 13.568 litres, or very roughly three times larger than the Imperial gallon that was adopted in 1824. A Scots gallon could be subdivided into eight Jougs (or Scots pints, of 1696 mL each), or into sixteen chopins (of 848 mL each).

An ale or beer barrel was 12 Scots gallons (35.81 Imperial gallons [162.816 litres]).
Juhan Maksim
Juhan Maksim (19 December 1886 – 12 July 1941, Viljandi) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of II Riigikogu. He was a member of the Riigikogu on 18 November 1924. He replaced Johann Põlenik. On 20 December 1924, he was removed from his position and he was replaced by August Männikson. On 12 July 1941, shortly after the Wehrmacht had advanced into southern Estonia, Maksim was executed in Viljandi by the German occupation authorities.

Johann Põlenik
Johann Põlenik (1899 Pärnu - ?) was an Estonian politician. He was a member of II Riigikogu, representing the Workers' United Front. He was a member of the Riigikogu since 14 November 1924. He replaced Mihkel Pikkur. On 18 November 1924, he resigned his position and he was replaced by Juhan Maksim.
Amara Malla
Amara Malla (also known as Narendra Malla) was a king of the Malla dynasty and the third king of Kantipur. He succeeded his father Surya Malla and ruled from 1530 to 1560. During his reign, as well as many Jatra festivals, including Hari Siddhi Jatra, he instituted a dance for the goddess Mahalaksmi and the Rudrayani Temple at Khokana. He was succeeded by his son Mahendra Malla.

Khokana
Khokana is a former Village Development Committee (VDC) which has been merged with the neighbouring VDC's of Bungamati, Chhampi, Dukuchhap, Sainbu and other 38 VDC's to form the Metropolitan City of Lalitpur in Lalitpur District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, Khokana had a population of 4258 living in 699 individual households. According to 2011 Nepal census, Khokana had a population of 4927 living in 1056 individual households.

Khokana, a traditional and small Newari village about 8 kilometers south of Kathmandu (on the outskirts of Patan). Khokana is mainly known for the production of rich mustard oil since ancient time. It was also the first town in Nepal to be lit with electricity in 1911 AD during the reign of Rana Prime Minister Chandra Shamsher.

Khokana has been nominated to be listed as a Unesco World Heritage, representing a vernacular village and its mustard-oil seed industrial heritage.
First Lyons ministry
The First Lyons ministry (United Australia) was the 20th ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 10th Prime Minister, Joseph Lyons. The First Lyons ministry succeeded the Scullin ministry, which dissolved on 6 January 1932 following the federal election that took place on 19 December which saw the UAP defeat James Scullin's Labor Party. The ministry was replaced by the Second Lyons ministry on 12 October 1934 following the 1934 federal election.

Allan Guy, who died in 1979, was the last surviving Assistant Minister of the First Lyons ministry. John Latham was the last surviving Cabinet minister.

Second Lyons ministry
The Second Lyons ministry (United Australia) was the 21st ministry of the Government of Australia. It was led by the country's 10th Prime Minister, Joseph Lyons. The Second Lyons ministry succeeded the First Lyons ministry, which dissolved on 12 October 1934 following the federal election that took place in September. However, it was a minority government relying on support from the Country Party in order to remain in office. The ministry was replaced by the Third Lyons ministry on 9 November 1934 after Lyons entered into a formal Coalition with Earle Page and his Country Party; the second such coalition after that of the Bruce government.

Robert Menzies, who died in 1978, was the last surviving member of the Second Lyons ministry; Menzies was also the last surviving member of the Third Lyons ministry.
McClay's Twin Bridge (East)
Maclay's Twin Bridge (East) is a historic multi-span stone arch bridge spanning a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek between Lurgan Township and Southampton Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 105-foot-long (32 m) bridge, with two spans each measuring 20 feet (6.1 m) long. It was constructed in 1827 and is a twin of McClay's Twin Bridge (West).

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

McClay's Twin Bridge (West)
Maclay's Twin Bridge (West) is a historic multi-span stone arch bridge spanning a tributary of Conodoguinet Creek between Lurgan Township and Southampton Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 177-foot-long (54 m) bridge with three spans, the longest of which measures 31 feet (9.4 m) long. It was constructed in 1827 and is a twin of McClay's Twin Bridge (East).

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Green Street station
Green Street station (signed as Green) is a rapid transit station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA's Orange Line and is located in the southern part of the Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Green Street is the least-used station on the Orange Line, averaging 3,055 weekday boardings in FY 2019. Like all Orange Line stations, it is fully accessible.

Forest Hills station (MBTA)
Forest Hills station is an intermodal transfer station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA rapid transit Orange Line and three MBTA Commuter Rail lines (Needham, Providence/Stoughton, and Franklin/Foxboro) and is a major terminus for MBTA bus routes. It is located in Forest Hills, in the southern part of the Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Most Providence/Stoughton Line and Franklin/Foxboro Line trains, and all Amtrak Northeast Corridor trains, pass through the station without stopping. Forest Hills station is fully accessible on all modes.
Phuwiangosaurus
Phuwiangosaurus (meaning "Phu Wiang lizard") is a genus of titanosauriform dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) Sao Khua Formation of Thailand. The type species, P. sirindhornae, was described by Martin, Buffetaut, and Suteethorn in a 1993 press release and was formally named in 1994. The species was named to honor Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, who was interested in the geology and palaeontology of Thailand, while the genus was named after the Phu Wiang area, where the fossil was discovered. The precise affinities of Phuwiangosaurus among titanosauriform sauropods are uncertain, though several studies have classified it as a euhelopodid.

Sirindhorn
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, The Princess Royal (born 2 April 1955) is a member of the Thai royal family. She is the second daughter of King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) and Queen Sirikit, and the younger sister of King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X).
Pitt Town, New South Wales
Pitt Town is a historic town and suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Pitt Town is 59 kilometres north-west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Hawkesbury. It is bounded in the north by the Hawkesbury River.

Windsor, New South Wales
Windsor is a historic town in north-western Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. It is the council seat of the Hawkesbury local government area. The town sits on the Hawkesbury River, enveloped by farmland and Australian bush. Many of the oldest surviving European buildings in Australia are located at Windsor. It is 56 km (35 mi) north-west of the Sydney CBD, on the fringes of urban sprawl.
Oosterland (1684)
The Oosterland was a large 17th-century East Indiaman of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC). The VOC was established in 1602. The ship was wrecked along with another ship by the ship the Kallendijk on 24 May 1695. The shipwreck was discovered by amateur divers in 1988 on the South African coast a few hundred metres from the entrance to Milnerton Lagoon at the mouth of the Salt River. Excavation of the wreck started in the early 1990s in combination with the University of Cape Town and was led by Bruno Werz.

Salt River (Western Cape)
The Salt River (Afrikaans: Soutrivier) is a river  in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is a confluence of the Black River which just previously has been confluenced by the Elsieskraal River, and the Liesbeeck River. It flows into Table Bay at the Salt River mouth. Its catchment is part of the Central Management Area of the City of Cape Town. In 1510 the area was the scene of the Battle of Salt River. On 24 May 1695 the VOC ships Oosterland and Kallendijk wrecked at the mouth of the river.
James V. Lafferty
James Vincent de Paul Lafferty, Jr. (1856–1898) was an American inventor, most famous for his construction of Lucy the Elephant, the Elephantine Colossus and The Light of Asia (also known as "Old Dumbo"). Born to Irish parents in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he received Patent Number 268503, on December 5, 1882 to protect his original invention, as well as any animal-shaped building.

Broke by 1887, Lafferty was forced to sell Lucy (originally named "Elephant Bazaar"). He died in 1898 and is buried in the cemetery of St. Augustine's Catholic Church in Philadelphia.

Elephantine Colossus
The Elephantine Colossus (also known as the Colossal Elephant or the Elephant Colossus, or by its function as the Elephant Hotel) was a tourist attraction located on Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York City.  It was built in the shape of an elephant, an example of novelty architecture.  The seven-story structure designed by James V. Lafferty stood above Surf Avenue and West 12th Street from 1885 (1885) until 1896 (1896), when it burnt down in a fire. During its lifespan, the thirty-one room building acted as a concert hall and amusement bazaar.  It was the second of three elephant buildings built by Lafferty, preceded by the extant Lucy the Elephant (former Elephant Bazaar) near Atlantic City and followed by The Light of Asia in Cape May.
Pound (currency)
Pound is a name of various units of currency. It is used in some countries today and previously was used in many others. The English word "pound" derives from the Latin expression lībra pondō, "a pound by weight", in which lībra means 'scale' or 'balance' and pondō means 'pound' or 'weight'. The currency's symbol is '£', a stylised form of the blackletter 'L' () (from libra), crossed to indicate abbreviation.

The term was adopted in England from the weight of silver used to make 240 pennies, and eventually spread to British colonies all over the world. Although silver penny mintage began seven centuries earlier, the first pound coin was minted under Henry VII in 1489.

South African pound
The pound (Afrikaans: pond; symbol £, £SA for distinction) was the currency of the Union of South Africa from the formation of the country as a British dominion in 1910. It was replaced by the rand in 1961 when South Africa decimalised.

In 1825, an imperial order-in-council made sterling coinage legal tender in all the British colonies. At that time, the only British colony in Southern Africa was the Cape Colony. As time went on, sterling and its associated coinage became the currency of every British territory in Southern Africa. At that time sterling followed the Carolingian monetary system of a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence.
Lée
Lée (French pronunciation: [le]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. In 1973, it was merged into the commune Idron-Lée-Ousse-Sendets with three other communes: Idron, Ousse and Sendets. In 1989 the commune of Lée was recreated.

Idron
Idron (French pronunciation: [idʁɔ̃]) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is an eastern suburb of Pau. In 1973, it was merged into the commune Idron-Lée-Ousse-Sendets (renamed Idron-Ousse-Sendets after Lée left the commune in 1989) with three other communes: Lée, Ousse and Sendets. In 2000 the commune of Idron was recreated.
Castle of Vila Viçosa
Castle of Vila Viçosa (Portuguese: Castelo de Vila Viçosa/Castelo e cerca urbana de Vila Viçosa) is a castle located in the civil parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição e São Bartolomeu, in the municipality of Vila Viçosa, in the Portuguese Alentejo. It was the seat of House of Braganza, prior to the construction of the Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa.

Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa
The Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa (Portuguese: Paço Ducal de Vila Viçosa) is a royal palace in Portugal, located in the civil parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in the municipality of Vila Viçosa, in the Alentejo, situated about 150 km (93 miles) east of the capital Lisbon. It was for many centuries the seat of the House of Braganza, one of the most important noble houses in Portugal. Braganza was the ruling house of the Kingdom of Portugal from 1640 until 1910, when King Manuel II, titular head of the family, was deposed in the 5 October 1910 Revolution which brought in a Republican government.
Diamine oxidase
Diamine oxidase (DAO), also known as amine oxidase, copper-containing, 1 (AOC1), formerly called histaminase, is an enzyme (EC 1.4.3.22) involved in the metabolism, oxidation, and inactivation of histamine and other polyamines such as putrescine or spermidine. The enzyme belongs to the amine oxidase (copper-containing) (AOC) family of amine oxidase enzymes.

The enzyme is expressed in bilateria, a biological group of animals. The enzyme is encoded by the AOC1 gene. This gene is highly conserved across the bilateria group which includes mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and insects, to name a few.

Putrescine
Putrescine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(NH2)2. It is a colorless solid that melts near room temperature. It is classified as a diamine. Together with cadaverine, it is largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contributes to other unpleasant odors.
Blocking (statistics)
In the  statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups (blocks) based on one or more variables. These variables are chosen carefully to minimize the effect of their variability on the observed outcomes. There are different ways that blocking can be implemented, resulting in different confounding effects. However, the different methods share the same purpose: to control variability introduced by specific factors that could influence the outcome of an experiment. The roots of blocking originated from the statistician, Ronald Fisher, following his development of ANOVA.

Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on (or is hypothesized to depend on) an independent variable. Dependent variables are the outcome of the  test they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on. Independent variables, on the other hand, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. Rather, they are controlled by the experimenter.
Baxter railway station
Baxter station is a railway station operated by Metro Trains Melbourne on the Stony Point line, which is part of the Melbourne rail network. It serves the town and suburb of Baxter, in Victoria, Australia. It opened on 1 October 1888, with the current station provided in 1984. The station was initially closed on 22 June 1981, then was reopened on 27 September 1984.

Initially opened as Mornington Junction, the station was given its current name of Baxter on 6 May 1918.

Langwarrin, a now demolished station on the Stony Point line, was located between Leawarra and Baxter.

Stony Point line
The Stony Point line is a commuter railway line in the outer metropolitan area of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the only diesel service on the metropolitan network and, at 31 kilometres (19 mi), is the tenth-longest line. It is an extension of the Frankston line, with services running from Frankston station to Stony Point, serving 10 stations in all. The line is also used for freight services to the Port of Hastings.

The line was opened in three sections during 1888 and 1889. Only two stations have been added since its completion—Leawarra and Morradoo. In recent years, there have been proposals to extend the electrified Frankston line to Baxter.
Walter Emanuel Jones
Walter Emanuel Jones (born November 30, 1966), also known as Tre Emanuel, is an American actor, martial artist, singer and dancer, known for playing the role of Zack Taylor, the first Black Ranger on the hit television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.

He also appeared in successful television shows including Family Matters, Step by Step, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Moesha,  Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Early Edition, NYPD Blue, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Off Centre and The Shield.

He played in films including Backyard Dogs (2000), House of the Dead 2 (2005), Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) and House Party (2023).

He gave his voice talent to animated films including Open Season 2 (2008) and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 (2013).

Zack Taylor
Zachary "Zack" Taylor is a fictional character in the Power Rangers universe, appearing in the television series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. He is the first on-screen Black Ranger of Power Rangers. He would be succeeded as the Black Ranger by Adam Park. A reimagined version of Zack, now Chinese-American, would appear in the 2017 reboot film, played by Canadian actor Ludi Lin.
Wage War
Wage War is an American metalcore band formed in Ocala, Florida in 2010 under the name Empires. The band consists of lead vocalist Briton Bond, lead guitarist Seth Blake, rhythm guitarist and clean vocalist Cody Quistad, bassist Chris Gaylord, and drummer Stephen Kluesener.

The band has released five studio albums and one EP. The band self-released one EP, The Fall of Kings in 2011. In 2015, the band signed to Fearless Records. The band released their first studio album, Blueprints, on November 27, 2015. Their second studio album Deadweight was released on August 4, 2017. Their third studio album, Pressure, was released on August 30, 2019. Their fourth studio album, Manic, was released on October 1, 2021. Their fifth studio album, Stigma, was released on June 21, 2024.

Deadweight (album)
Deadweight is the second studio album by American metalcore band Wage War. It was released on August 4, 2017, through Fearless Records. It is also the first album to have lead vocalist Briton Bond do clean vocals alongside Cody Quistad on the songs "Never Enough" and "Gravity".
Slocan, British Columbia
The Village of Slocan is in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The former steamboat landing and ferry terminal is at the mouth of Springer Creek, at the foot of Slocan Lake. The locality, on BC Highway 6 is about 69 kilometres (43 mi) by road north of Castlegar and 183 kilometres (114 mi) by road and ferry south of Revelstoke.

Rosebery, British Columbia
Rosebery is an unincorporated community about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of New Denver in the West Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia. The former steamboat landing and ferry terminal is at the mouth of Wilson Creek on the eastern shore of Slocan Lake. The locality, on BC Highway 6, is about 106 kilometres (66 mi) by road north of Castlegar and 144 kilometres (89 mi) by road and ferry south of Revelstoke.
In the World
In the World is an album by jazz saxophonist Clifford Jordan which was recorded in 1969 and released on the Strata-East label in 1972. The album was rereleased on CD as part of The Complete Clifford Jordan Strata-East Sessions by Mosaic Records in 2013.

Clifford Jordan
Clifford Laconia Jordan (September 2, 1931 – March 27, 1993) was an American jazz tenor saxophone player and composer. Originally from Chicago, Jordan later moved to New York City, where he recorded extensively in addition to touring across both Europe and Africa. He recorded and performed with Art Farmer, Horace Silver, Max Roach, J.J. Johnson, and Kenny Dorham, among others. In later years, performed with Cedar Walton's quartet Eastern Rebellion, and led his own groups, including a big band.