hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
CatBoost
CatBoost is an open-source software library developed by Yandex. It provides a gradient boosting framework which, among other features, attempts to solve for categorical features using a permutation-driven alternative to the classical algorithm. It works on Linux, Windows, macOS, and is available in 
Python,
R, and models built using CatBoost can be used for predictions in C++, Java, C#, Rust, Core ML, ONNX, and PMML. The source code is licensed under Apache License and available on GitHub.

InfoWorld magazine awarded the library "The best machine learning tools" in 2017. along with TensorFlow, Pytorch, XGBoost and 8 other libraries.

Kaggle listed CatBoost as one of the most frequently used machine learning (ML) frameworks in the world. It was listed as the top-8 most frequently used ML framework in the 2020 survey and as the top-7 most frequently used ML framework in the 2021 survey.

As of April 2022, CatBoost is installed about 100000 times per day from PyPI repository

Gradient boosting
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as in traditional boosting. It gives a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of weak prediction models, i.e., models that make very few assumptions about the data, which are typically simple decision trees. When a decision tree is the weak learner, the resulting algorithm is called gradient-boosted trees; it usually outperforms random forest. As with other boosting methods, a gradient-boosted trees model is built in stages, but it generalizes the other methods by allowing optimization of an arbitrary differentiable loss function.
Malawi at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Malawi competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The country's participation marked its sixth appearance at the Summer Olympics since its debut at the 1972 Games. The delegation included two track and field athletes: Francis Munthali in the men's 1500 metres and Catherine Chikwakwa in the women's 5000 metres. Both athletes participated at the Games through wild card places since they did not meet the required standards to qualify. Neither athletes progressed past their heats.

Catherine Chikwakwa
Catherine Agnes Chikwakwa (born 24 July 1985 in Blantyre) is a Malawian long-distance runner. She has represented her country at both the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Athens Olympics, as well as several Commonwealth Games. She was the 5000 metres silver medallist at the 2004 World Junior Championships in Athletics, held in Grosseto, Italy.
Frank Philipp Schlößmann
Frank Philipp Schlößmann (born 1963) is a German scenic designer focused on operas who has worked at major opera houses and festivals internationally. He staged Janáček's Jenůfa at the Metropolitan Opera, Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen at both the Bayreuth Festival and Der Ring in Minden, and the world premiere of Heinz Holliger's Lunea at the Opernhaus Zürich.

Der Ring in Minden
Der Ring in Minden was a project to stage Richard Wagner's cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen at the Stadttheater Minden, beginning in 2015 with Das Rheingold, followed by the other parts in the succeeding years, and culminating with the complete cycle performed twice in 2019. The stage director was Gerd Heinz, and Frank Beermann conducted the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, playing on the stage of the small theatre. The singers acted in front of the orchestra, making an intimate approach to the dramatic situations possible. The project received international recognition and was compared favourably to the Bayreuth Festival.
Paul Kaye
Paul Kaye (born 15 December 1964) is an English comedian and actor. He is perhaps best known for his role as Thoros of Myr in the HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones (2013–17). He started as shock interviewer Dennis Pennis on The Sunday Show (1995–97). His other TV roles include Mike Strutter in the MTV series Strutter (2006–2007), Vince the fox in the BBC black comedy series Mongrels (2010–2011), Vinculus in the BBC fantasy mini-series Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2015), Psychiatrist in the Netflix comedy series After Life (2019–20), Malcolm Donahue in the ITV crime drama Vera (2019–23), and Patrick Katz in the Netflix thriller mini-series The Stranger (2020).

In theatre, Kaye was nominated for the 2012 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical, for his work as Mr. Wormwood in the Royal Shakespeare Company's musical Matilda.

Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (TV series)
Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell is a seven-part British historical fantasy TV series adapted by Peter Harness from Susanna Clarke's best-selling 2004 novel of the same name. It premiered on BBC One on 17 May 2015 and ended on 28 June 2015. It was directed by Toby Haynes and nominated for four BAFTA awards and recognised by the British Film Institute as one of the top ten most important television programmes of 2015.
43rd Venice Biennale
The 43rd Venice Biennale, held in 1988, was an exhibition of international contemporary art, with 44 participating nations. The Venice Biennale takes place biennially in Venice, Italy. Prizewinners of the 43rd Biennale included: Jasper Johns (International Prize/Golden Lion), the Italian pavilion (best national participation), and Barbara Bloom (best young artist).

Barbara Bloom (artist)
Barbara Bloom (born 1951) lives and works in New York City. She is a conceptual artist best known for her multi-media installation works. Bloom is loosely affiliated with a group of artists referred to as The Pictures Generation.
For nearly twenty years she lived in Europe, first in Amsterdam then Berlin. Since 1992, she has lived in New York City with her husband, the writer-composer Chris Mann, and their daughter.
Palace of Zeta Banovina
The Palace of Zeta Banovina (Montenegrin: Palata Zetske banovine) in Cetinje, Montenegro is a representative building housing the city administration of the Old Royal Capital Cetinje. The building was completed in 1932 as the seat of the Zeta Banovina. The building was designed by White Russian émigré architect Nikola Kirsanov who designed many other representative buildings in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The fourth session of the Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of National Liberation on 15-17 April of 1945 took place in the building. Since 2024 the building is used in the logo of the Parliament of Montenegro.

Parliament of Montenegro
The Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Skupština Crne Gore / Скупштина Црне Горе) is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, with each member elected to a four-year term. Following the 2006 independence referendum, the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. Members of the Parliament are elected using proportional representation.
Ronnie Alonte
Ronaldo Alcantara Alonte II (born October 26, 1996) is a Filipino actor, singer, dancer, and basketball player. He appeared in the films Seklusyon (2016), Vince & Kath & James (2016), and its sequel James and Pat and Dave (2020).

Alonte is also a member of the dance group Hashtags and the dance group was a former cast member on the noontime variety show It's Showtime from 2015 to 2021.

Seklusyon
Seklusyon (lit. 'Seclusion') is a 2016 Filipino Gothic supernatural horror film co-produced and directed by Erik Matti. The film is under the production of Reality Entertainment. It stars Rhed Bustamante, Neil Ryan Sese, Ronnie Alonte, Lou Veloso, Phoebe Walker, Dominic Roque, Elora Españo, John Vic De Guzman, JR Versales, Jerry O'Hara, Sherry Lara and Teroy Guzman. The film follows a group of deacons who undergo a week of seclusion in a remote monastery, where a mysterious girl's supposed miracles test their faith and reveal hidden evils.

The film is Erik Matti's third MMFF entry in recent years after his 2014 film Kubot: The Aswang Chronicles 2, and 2015 film Honor Thy Father which was the subject of controversy that year when it was disqualified from the "Best Picture" category of the festival's award. It is an official entry to the 2016 Metro Manila Film Festival, where it won 9 categories, including "Best Director" award for Erik Matti.
Steiner ellipse
In geometry, the Steiner ellipse of a triangle is the unique circumellipse (an ellipse that touches the triangle at its vertices) whose center is the triangle's centroid. It is also called the Steiner circumellipse, to distinguish it from the Steiner inellipse. Named after Jakob Steiner, it is an example of a circumconic. By comparison the circumcircle of a triangle is another circumconic that touches the triangle at its vertices, but is not centered at the triangle's centroid unless the triangle is equilateral.

The area of the Steiner ellipse equals the area of the triangle times  and hence is 4 times the area of the Steiner inellipse. The Steiner ellipse has the least area of any ellipse circumscribed about the triangle.

The Steiner ellipse is the scaled Steiner inellipse (factor 2, center is the centroid). Hence both ellipses are similar (have the same eccentricity).

Circumconic and inconic
In Euclidean geometry, a circumconic is a conic section that passes through the three vertices of a triangle, and an inconic is a conic section inscribed in the sides, possibly extended, of a triangle.

Suppose A, B, C are distinct non-collinear points, and let △ABC denote the triangle whose vertices are A, B, C.  Following common practice, A denotes not only the vertex but also the angle ∠BAC at vertex A, and similarly for B and C as angles in △ABC.  Let  the sidelengths of △ABC.

In trilinear coordinates, the general circumconic is the locus of a variable point  satisfying an equation

for some point u : v : w.  The isogonal conjugate of each point X on the circumconic, other than A, B, C, is a point on the line

This line meets the circumcircle of △ABC in 0,1, or 2 points according as the circumconic is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola.

In barycentric coordinates, the general inconic is tangent to the three sidelines of △ABC and is given by the equation
Sri Krishna Tulabharam (1966 film)
Sri Krishna Tulabharam (transl. 'Sri Krishna's Tulabhara') is a 1966 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film, produced by D. Ramanaidu under the Suresh Productions banner and directed by Kamalakara Kameswara Rao. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Anjali Devi, Kanta Rao and Jamuna with music composed by Pendyala Nageswara Rao.

Jamuna (actress)
Jamuna (née Nippani; 30 August 1936 – 27 January 2023) was an Indian actress, director, and politician who appeared mainly in Telugu cinema. She made her acting debut at age 16 in Dr. Garikapati Rajarao's Puttillu (1953), and received her breakthrough with L. V. Prasad's Missamma (1955). Her filmography also includes Tamil, Kannada, and Hindi films. She won a Filmfare Award and an award at Filmfare Awards South. She was a member of parliament in the 9th Lok Sabha (1989–1991) representing the Rajahmundry constituency.
Martha Karua
Martha Wangari Karua (/wænˈɡɑːri kəˈraʊ/; born 22 September 1957) is a Kenyan politician. She is a former long-standing member of parliament for Gichugu Constituency and an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya. She was Minister for Justice until resigning from that position in April 2009. She has consistently fought for the protection of women's rights and improvements to the democratic process.

Karua ran for presidency in 2013 under the Narc-Kenya ticket making her the third woman to run for the highest office, after Charity Ngilu and Wangari Maathai in the 1997 elections. She emerged sixth in the race. She was picked to run for deputy president after being nominated as the running mate of presidential candidate Raila Odinga in the 2022 Kenyan general election.

Charity Ngilu
Charity Kaluki Ngilu (born 28 January 1952) is a Kenyan politician and the second governor elected for Kitui County. She unsuccessfully vied to be President of the Republic of Kenya in 1997. She served as Minister for Health from 2003 until 2007 and Minister of Water and Irrigation from April 2008 to 2013. She also served as Cabinet Secretary for Land, Housing and Urban Development from 2013 until 2015.

Charity Ngilu attended  Alliance Girls High School,  then joined Government Secretarial College, Kianda College, and the Kenya Institute of Administration for Commerce to receive management and secretarial skills. She started as a secretary before becoming  a prosperous businesswoman in the plastics and bakery industries.

Along with Joyce Laboso and Anne Waiguru, Ngilu is one of three women who became Kenya's first female governors in 2017.
El Monte station (Los Angeles Metro)
El Monte station is a large regional bus station in the city of El Monte, California, located adjacent to Interstate 10. It serves the Los Angeles Metro Busway's J Line, as well as Foothill Transit, Greyhound Lines, and El Monte Transit buses. It is the J Line's eastern terminus.

Interstate 10 in California
Interstate 10 (I-10) is a transcontinental Interstate Highway in the United States, stretching from Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida. The segment of I-10 in California, also known as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway, runs east from Santa Monica through Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Palm Springs before crossing into the state of Arizona. In the Greater Los Angeles area, it is known as the Santa Monica and San Bernardino freeways, linked by a short concurrency on I-5 (Golden State Freeway) at the East Los Angeles Interchange. I-10 also has parts designated as the Rosa Parks and Sonny Bono Memorial freeways. Some parts were also formerly designated as the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. However, the California State Legislature removed this designation following the passage of a bill on August 31, 2022. I-10 is also known colloquially as "the 10" to Southern California residents (See also California English § Freeways).
Amir Kabir Dam
Amir Kabir dam (Persian: سد امیرکبیر), also known as Karaj dam (سد کرج), is a dam on the Karaj River in the Central Alborz mountain range of northern Iran.

It is located 63 kilometres (39 mi) northwest of Tehran and 23 kilometres (14 mi) north of Karaj. The dam was constructed on the Karaj River, and was the first multi-purpose dam in Iran.

Karaj
Karaj (Persian: کرج; pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ] ⓘ) is a city in the Central District of Karaj County, Alborz province, Iran, serving as capital  of the province, the county, and the district. Earliest evidence of inhabitation in Karaj can be dated to the Bronze Age at Tepe Khurvin. The city was developed under the rule of the Safavid and Qajar Empire and is home to historical buildings and memorials from those eras. This city has a unique climate due to access to natural resources such as many trees, rivers, and green plains. After Tehran, Karaj is the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran, so it has been nicknamed "Little Iran."

Although the county hosts a population around 1.97 million, as recorded in the 2016 census, most of the 1,419 km2 (548 sq mi) county is rugged mountain. The urban area is the fourth-largest in Iran, after Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Eshtehard County and Fardis County were split off from Karaj County since the previous census.
Natural Habitat Conservation Areas in Japan
Natural Habitat Conservation Areas (生息地等保護区, seisokuchi tō hogoku) or Natural Habitat Protection Areas in Japan are designated by the Ministry of the Environment to protect species of flora and fauna designated National Endangered Species, in accordance with the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Both managed protection zones and buffer monitoring zones are established.

Wildlife Protection Areas in Japan
Wildlife Protection Areas (鳥獣保護区, chōjū hogoku) in Japan are established by the Ministry of the Environment and, for areas of more local importance, by the Prefectural Governments in order "to protect and promote the reproduction of birds and mammals" in accordance with the 2002 Wildlife Protection and Hunting Law (鳥獣の保護及び狩猟の適正化に関する法律) (superseding the amended 1918 Law). The areas established have a maximum duration of twenty years (subject to renewal) and hunting is prohibited within them. Special Protection Areas (特別保護地区) are designated within the Wildlife Protection Areas in order to protect habitats and ecosystems.
Investigation Held by Kolobki
Investigation Held by Kolobki (Russian: Следствие ведут Колобки, translit. Sledstvie vedut kolobki) is a series of Soviet animated shorts by Alexander Tatarsky and Igor Kovalyov that were produced from 1986 to 1987.

The first two shorts were produced by Soyuztelefilm in 1986, whereas the third and fourth shorts were produced by Studio Ekran in 1987.

After the shorts were released, the Pilot Brothers duo came to be heavily used by Tatarskiy's studio, Pilot TV, particularly in the series The Fruttis Attic (Russian: Чердачок Фруттис) and The Academy of Our Mistaks (Russian: Академия собственных Ашибок) [sic].

The name of the series of shorts is a pun on a once-popular Soviet television series Investigation Led by Experts.

Studio Ekran
Studio Ekran (Russian: Творческое объединение «Экран», or simply, “творческое «ЭКРАН» объединение, Artistical Joint "Ekran") was a Russian (Soviet Union's until 1991) TV film studio. It was founded in 1968 and produced made-for-TV movies, mini-series, animated cartoons and live action. In 2008, it was liquidated after the reorganization of Ostankino TV channel.

Pavel Muntyan's Toonbox was established from Studio Ekran.
5259 Epeigeus
5259 Epeigeus /ɪˈpiːdʒiːəs/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 44 kilometers (27 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 30 January 1989, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 18.4 hours. It was named after the Myrmidon hero Epeigeus from Greek mythology.

Epigeus
In Greek mythology, Epigeus or Epeigeus (Ancient Greek: Ἐπειγεύς Epeigeus) is a Greek hero in the Iliad. He was one of the best soldiers in the Myrmidon army against Troy. Epeigeus was the son of Agacles.
Jim Parrack
Jim Parrack (born February 8, 1981) is an American actor best known for his role as Hoyt Fortenberry in HBO series True Blood. He has also appeared in the film Battle: Los Angeles and as "Slim" in the 2014 Broadway production of Of Mice and Men alongside James Franco, Chris O'Dowd and Leighton Meester. In 2020, he began starring in the Fox drama 9-1-1: Lone Star.

9-1-1: Lone Star
9-1-1: Lone Star is an American procedural drama television series that aired on Fox from January 19, 2020, to February 3, 2025. It was created by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Tim Minear. The series is a spin-off of the American procedural drama television series 9-1-1, and was ordered by Fox in May 2019.

In May 2023, the series was renewed for a fifth and final season, which premiered on September 23, 2024, and concluded on February 3, 2025.
WTYN (FM)
WTYN (91.7 FM) is a radio station airing a Christian format licensed to serve Lunenburg, Massachusetts. The station is owned by Horizon Christian Fellowship  and is an affiliate of RenewFM. WTYN's programming consists of Christian music and Christian talk and teaching programs such as Turning Point with David Jeremiah, and Truth for Life with Alistair Begg.  The allocation of 91.7 to Lunenburg follows a long drawn out dispute involving WAVM, University of Massachusetts Boston (owner of WUMB-FM, whose Stow repeater WUMG started during this time and shares time with WAVM), and Living Proof, Inc (the original applicant of what became WTYN).

WAVM
WAVM (91.7 FM) is a high school radio station broadcasting from Maynard High School in Maynard, Massachusetts.  Station programming provides the local area with news and church service broadcasts among other types of programming. Founded in 1973, WAVM has aided the careers of several of the school's successful alumni.
Ngazargamu
Birni NgazargamuListenⓘ , also calledListenⓘ Gazargamu, Gazargamo, Ngazargamo, and N'gazargamu, was the capital of the Kanem–Bornu Empire from the city's foundation in the 15th century to its destruction and abandonment in the Fula jihads in the early 19th century. Ngazargamu was situated in the fork of the Komadugu Gana River and the Komadugu Yobe, near present-day Geidam, 150 km (93 mi) west of Lake Chad in the Yobe State of modern Nigeria.

Ideally positioned alongside important trans-Saharan trade routes, Ngazargamu was the focal point of the central Sudan region for three centuries. At the height of its power, Ngazargamu covered about 1500 hectares. The former population size of Ngazargamu is unknown, with estimates ranging between 60,000 and 250,000 at the city's height. The great rampart on which the city once stood is still visible at the site, alongside sparse remnants of former structures. The site is noted for the presence of red bricks, otherwise rare in pre-modern Africa.

Yobe State
YobeListenⓘ  is a state located in northeastern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on 27 August 1991. Yobe State was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe State is Damaturu, and its largest city by population is Potiskum, while the largest by land area is Fune. The Potiskum local government area is a place of farmers and marketers; one of the largest cattle market in Africa is located in Potiskum.
Montréal-Sud
Montreal-South (French: Montréal-Sud, pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal syd]) was a suburb of Montreal located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River founded in 1906. Montreal-South was created from land of the Saint-Antoine-de-Longueuil parish. Originally a village in its first five years, Montreal-South gained the status of city in 1911.

Early in its existence, its population was split between French-speaking Roman Catholics and English-speaking Protestants. This changed by the middle of the century, as the Francophones became the overwhelming majority.

The approximate territorial limits of the city were La Fayette Boulevard in the west, Bertrand Street in the south, Joliette Street in the east and St. Lawrence River in the north. The city hall of Montreal-South was located on 600 Préfontaine avenue.

Like neighbouring Longueuil, Montreal-South was an enclave of the much larger Ville Jacques-Cartier.

Ville Jacques-Cartier
Ville Jacques-Cartier (French pronunciation: [vil ʒak kaʁtje]) was a city located on the south shore of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was named after the founder of New France, Jacques Cartier. Now a defunct municipality, its former territory makes up about a quarter of the current city  of Longueuil and 80% of Le Vieux-Longueuil borough.
WWII GI
WWII GI is a first-person shooter video game set during the events of World War II. Developed by TNT Team and published by GT Interactive, the game was released in 1999 as the direct sequel to NAM, which was released the year prior. WWII GI was the last commercially released game to use the Build engine until the release of Ion Fury in 2019. The player takes control of 101st Airborne Division G.I. Corporal Gerardi, sent in to wipe out scores of Wehrmacht and Schutzstaffel soldiers. WWII GI was later re-released on Steam on November 13, 2015, with Retroism and Night Dive Studios as the publishers.

Ion Fury
Ion Fury (originally titled Ion Maiden) is a 2019 cyberpunk first-person shooter video game developed by Voidpoint and published by 3D Realms. It is a prequel to the 2016 video game Bombshell. Ion Fury runs on a modified version of Ken Silverman's Build engine and is the first original commercial game to utilize the engine in 20 years, the previous being World War II GI. An expansion, Ion Fury: Aftershock, was released in October 2023.