hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gregory III Laham
Gregory III Laham, B.S. (Arabic: غريغوريوس الثالث لحام; Latin: Gregorius III Lahamus; born Lutfy Laham, December 15, 1933, in Darayya, Syria), Emeritus Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, of Alexandria and Jerusalem, is the former spiritual leader of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. He was elected on November 29, 2000, succeeding Patriarch Maximos V Hakim. He retired on May 6, 2017.

He took the name Gregory in honor of Patriarch Gregory II Youssef, who was the last member of his religious order, the Basilian Salvatorian Order, to be elected Patriarch. Gregory III, who studied in Rome, Italy, and is multilingual, is also the author of several books on Eastern Catholic spirituality and theology.

In addition, he served as the Spiritual Protector of the United Obediences (formerly the Paris and Malta Obediences until 2008) of the Order of Saint Lazarus.

Darayya
Darayya (Arabic: دَارَيَّا, romanized: Dārayyā) is a suburb of Damascus in Syria, the centre of Darayya lying 8 km (5.0 miles) south-west of the centre of Damascus. Administratively it belongs to Rif Dimashq.
Flame spread
Flame spread, or surface burning characteristics rating, is a ranking derived by laboratory standard test methodology of a material's propensity to burn rapidly and spread flames. There are several standardized methods of determining flame spread,

Smoke-developed index
Smoke-developed index (abbreviated SDI) is a measure of the concentration of smoke a material emits as it burns. Like the Flame Spread Index, it is based on an arbitrary scale in which asbestos-cement board has a value of 0, and red oak wood has 100. The SDI is measured using a horizontal test specimen, according to the Steiner tunnel test protocol.

The ASTM standard E84 defines a standard test method for surface flame spread and smoke density measurements. A smoke-developed index of less than 450 is required by IBC section 803.1 at interior walls and ceilings for all surface materials except trim.
Carly Jackson
Carly Jackson (born June 23, 1997) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender for the Seattle Torrent of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL).

Jackson played collegiate hockey for the University of Maine Black Bears from 2016 to 2020, graduating as the program's all-time leader in wins, save percentage, shutouts, and goals-against average.

Jackson has played professionally for the Buffalo Beauts, Toronto Six, and PWHL Toronto (later the Toronto Sceptres). Selected third overall by the Beauts in the 2020 National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) draft, Jackson won the Isobel Cup championship with the Toronto Six in 2022–23 and was voted as one of the Fans' Three Stars of the Season twice (2020–21, 2022–23). After two seasons with PWHL Toronto (2023–25), Jackson signed with the expansion Seattle Torrent on July 9, 2025.

Internationally, Jackson represented Canada at the 2015 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship, winning a silver medal.

Buffalo Beauts
The Buffalo Beauts were a professional ice hockey team in the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF). They played in Amherst, New York, a suburb of Buffalo, at the Northtown Center.

The Beauts were established in 2015 as one of the four founding franchises of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL), rebranded as the PHF in 2021. The team played at Harborcenter in downtown Buffalo during their first four seasons. The team advanced to the Isobel Cup Finals in the PHF's first four seasons, winning the championship title in 2016–17. The team folded in 2023 after the PHF and its assets were purchased and dissolved as part of the process of creating a new, unified professional league, the Professional Women's Hockey League.
2006 Macedonian parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Macedonia on 5 July 2006. The VMRO-DPMNE-led coalition emerged as the largest group in the Assembly, winning 45 of the 120 seats. Its leader Nikola Gruevski became Prime Minister after forming a coalition government with the Democratic Party of Albanians, New Social Democratic Party, Democratic Renewal and the Party for a European Future.

Nikola Gruevski
Nikola Gruevski (Macedonian: Никола Груевски, pronounced ['nikɔla 'ɡruɛfski] ⓘ; born 31 August 1970) is a former Macedonian politician who served as Prime Minister of Macedonia from 2006 until his resignation in 2016, in accordance with the internationally mediated Pržino Agreement due to the Macedonian political crisis, and led the party VMRO-DPMNE from 2004 to 2017. He was the longest serving post-independence Macedonian prime minister, serving more than nine years in office.

He instigated the controversial identity politics called antiquization and the project Skopje 2014. His rule in Macedonia (now North Macedonia) contributed to democratic backsliding and the regime he led was authoritarian. His government was responsible for the illegal wiretapping of 20,000 people in the country. In May 2018, he was sentenced to two years in prison on corruption charges, but in November 2018 he fled to Hungary, where he was granted political asylum. He has been also convicted in absentia.
Kathryn Drysdale
Kathryn Drysdale (born 1 December 1981) is an English actress. She gained prominence through her roles in the BBC sitcom Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps (2001–2009) and the films Vanity Fair (2004) and St Trinian's (2007). Her other work includes the drama Tripping Over (2006), the fourth series of Benidorm (2011) on ITV, the Channel 4 parody The Windsors (2018–2020), and the Netflix period drama Bridgerton (2020–).

On stage, her roles include Grace Shelley in The Ruling Class on the West End opposite James McAvoy, Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Lady Katharine in Love's Labour's Lost opposite David Tennant.

Benidorm (British TV series)
Benidorm is a British sitcom written and created by Derren Litten and produced by Tiger Aspect for ITV that aired for ten series from 1 February 2007 to 2 May 2018. The series features an ensemble cast of holiday makers and staff at the Solana all-inclusive hotel in Benidorm, Spain, over the course of a week each year.
Look What Happened to Samson
Look What Happened to Samson (Spanish:Lo que le pasó a Sansón) is a 1955 Mexican comedy film directed by Gilberto Martínez Solares and starring Germán Valdés, Ana Bertha Lepe, Yolanda Varela and Elvira Quintana.

Ana Bertha Lepe
Ana Bertha Lepe Jiménez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈana ˈβeɾta ˈlepe]; 12 September 1934 – 24 October 2013) was a Mexican actress and beauty pageant titleholder. In 1953 she was crowned Miss México and the third runner-up at the Miss Universe 1953.
Yellow Banks, Kentucky
Yellow Banks, Kentucky, was the name of the rustic community founded by pioneer William Smeathers or Smothers around 1790 on the banks of the Ohio River.  The name was derived from the yellowish banks along the river. In 1817, Yellow Banks became the established town of Owensborough, in honor of Col. Abraham Owen (also the namesake of Owen County in Kentucky).

Owensboro, Kentucky
Owensboro is a home rule-class city in Daviess County, Kentucky, United States, of which it is also the county seat. It is the fourth-most populous city in the state. Owensboro is located on U.S. Route 60 and Interstate 165 about 107 miles (172 km) southwest of Louisville, and is the principal city of the Owensboro metropolitan area. The 2020 census had its population at 60,183. The metropolitan population was estimated at 116,506. The metropolitan area is the sixth largest in the state as of 2018, and the seventh largest population center in the state when including micropolitan areas.
Shuyang, Hebei
Shuyang (simplified Chinese: 淑阳镇; traditional Chinese: 淑陽鎮; pinyin: Shūyáng Zhèn) is a town situated in Xianghe County, Langfang, Hebei, China. Shuyang serves as the administrative center of Xianghe County. According to the 2010 Chinese Census, Shuyang's population is 103,659.

Xianghe County
Xianghe County (simplified Chinese: 香河县; traditional Chinese: 香河縣; pinyin: Xiānghé Xiàn) is a county of central Hebei province with 449,038 inhabitants in 2020, up from 343,372 inhabitants in 2010. It is under the administration of Langfang prefecture-level city. Xianghe has 7 towns and 2 townships. It is 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Beijing.

Sanhe city, Dachang Hui Autonomous County and Xianghe County form the "Northern Three Counties of Langfang", an exclave of Hebei province surrounded by the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
Rosie Perez
Rosa Maria Perez (born September 6, 1964) is an American actress. Her breakthrough came at age 24 with her portrayal of Tina in the film Do the Right Thing (1989). Her starring film roles since include It Could Happen to You (1994), The Road to El Dorado (2000), The Take (2007), Pineapple Express (2008), and Birds of Prey (2020).

Among other accolades, Perez was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Fearless in 1994. Perez earned three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for In Living Color (1990–1994) and another Emmy nomination for her work in The Flight Attendant (2020–22).

She has performed in stage plays on Broadway such as The Ritz, Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune, and Fish in the Dark. She was also a co-host on the ABC talk show The View during the series' 18th season.

Pineapple Express (film)
Pineapple Express is a 2008 American buddy stoner action comedy film directed by David Gordon Green, written by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg and starring Rogen and James Franco alongside Gary Cole, Rosie Perez and Danny McBride. The plot centers on a process server and his marijuana dealer as they are forced to flee from hitmen and a corrupt police officer after witnessing them commit a murder. Producer Judd Apatow, who previously worked with Rogen and Goldberg on Knocked Up and Superbad, assisted in developing the story.

Sony Pictures Releasing released the film on August 8, 2008, and grossed $102.4 million worldwide on a $26 million budget. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and has since developed a cult following. Franco was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for his performance.
St Kilda Library
St Kilda Library is a public library in  Melbourne, Australia. The library is located in the suburb of St Kilda, in the City of Port Philip. The building was recognised by the Australian Institute of Architects as one of the “notable public buildings” designed by award-winning architect Enrico Taglietti.

Enrico Taglietti
Enrico Taglietti AO (16 April 1926 – 3 May 2019) was an Italian-born Australian architect, known for designing a number of acclaimed buildings in Australia. In 2007, he was the winner of the Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal.
Sha Tin
Sha Tin, also spelt Shatin, is a neighbourhood along Shing Mun River in the eastern New Territories, Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Sha Tin District. Sha Tin is one of the neighbourhoods of the Sha Tin New Town project.

The new town was founded in 1973 under the New Towns Development Programme of the Hong Kong government. Its current name was named after the nearby village of Sha Tin Wai.  The literal English translation is 'Sand Fields'.

Sha Tin New Town
Sha Tin New Town, also known as Sha Tin-Ma On Shan New Town or Sha Tin Town is one of the satellite towns and new towns of Hong Kong. It is within the Sha Tin District, the New Territories. The New Town covers the neighbourhoods of Sha Tin, Tai Wai, Fo Tan, Tai Shui Hang, and Ma On Shan. The Shing Mun River runs through the middle of the town.
Big Joe Turner
Joseph Vernon "Big Joe" Turner Jr. (May 18, 1911 – November 24, 1985) was an American blues shouter from Kansas City, Missouri. Turner's greatest fame was due to his rock and roll recordings in the 1950s, particularly "Shake, Rattle and Roll", but his career as a performer endured from the 1920s into the 1980s.

Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987, with the Hall lauding him as "the brawny voiced 'Boss of the Blues.'" According to songwriter Doc Pomus, "rock and roll would have never happened without him." AllMusic called Turner "the premier blues shouter of the postwar era".

Doc Pomus
Jerome Solon Felder (June 27, 1925 – March 14, 1991), known professionally as Doc Pomus, was an American blues singer and songwriter. He is best known as the co-writer of many rock and roll hits. Pomus was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a non-performer in 1992, the Songwriters Hall of Fame (1992), and the Blues Hall of Fame (2012).
Crimson Glory
Crimson Glory is an American heavy metal band that was formed in 1983 in Sarasota, Florida, USA. It started in 1979 under the name Pierced Arrow, then Beowulf, before settling on Crimson Glory. The classic line-up consisted of the vocalist Midnight, guitarists Jon Drenning and Ben Jackson, bass guitarist Jeff Lords and drummer Dana Burnell. With that lineup, the band rose to international fame in the mid-1980s and was considered one of the pioneers of the American progressive metal movement, along with Queensrÿche, Dream Theater, Fates Warning and Watchtower. During its career, the band released four studio albums and one EP.

Ben Jackson (musician)
Benjamin Donald Jackson is an American musician and songwriter best known for being the rhythm guitarist of Crimson Glory. He is also known for his short-lived band Parish, and his solo career consisted of two albums Here I Come and All Over You, and his current project Avenging Benji.
Joseph Bowman
Joseph Lawrence Bowman (c. 1752 – 15 August 1779) was an American frontiersmen and military officer who fought during the American Revolutionary War. He was second-in-command during Colonel George Rogers Clark's 1778 military campaign to capture the Illinois Country, in which Clark and his men seized the key British-controlled towns of Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. Following the campaign, Bowman was critically injured in an accidental gunpowder explosion and subsequently died of his wounds. He was the only American officer killed during the 1778-1779 Illinois campaign. Joseph Bowman kept a daily journal of his trek from Kaskaskia to Vincennes, which is one of the best primary source accounts of Clark's victorious campaign.

Kaskaskia, Illinois
Kaskaskia is a village in Randolph County, Illinois, on the west side of the Mississippi River. The population of Kaskaskia was 21 in the 2020 United States census, making it the third-least populous incorporated community in Illinois behind Valley City (pop. 14) and Florence (pop. 17). Kaskaskia has an Illinois telephone area code (618) and a Missouri ZIP Code (63673). Its roads are maintained by Illinois Department of Transportation, and its few residents vote in Illinois elections. The town was evacuated in the Great Flood of 1993, which covered it with water more than 9 ft (3 m) deep.
Greg Davies
Gregory Daniel Davies (/ˈdeɪvɪs/ DAY-viss; born 14 May 1968) is a British comedian, actor, presenter, and writer. He is best known for his roles as Mr. Gilbert in The Inbetweeners (2008–2010), Greg in We Are Klang (2009), Ken Thompson in Cuckoo (2012–2019), Dan Davies in Man Down (2013–2017), and Paul "Wicky" Wickstead in The Cleaner (2021–2024). He also created Man Down and The Cleaner.

Davies has released two Netflix comedy specials, You Magnificent Beast (2018) and Full Fat Legend (2025). He is the host of the comedy panel game shows Taskmaster (2015–present) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks (2021–present) and has appeared on Mock the Week, Fast and Loose, Live at the Apollo, and Would I Lie to You?

For his performance in Cuckoo, Davies was nominated for the BAFTA Television Award for Best Male Comedy Performance in 2013.

Man Down (TV series)
Man Down is a British sitcom that was broadcast from 18 October 2013 to 29 November 2017 on Channel 4. The series stars Greg Davies as Dan Davies, a man undergoing a midlife crisis.

Channel 4 commissioned an additional 25-minute Christmas special before the first series aired, and a second series was announced during Davies's live tour "The Back of My Mum's Head." Following Rik Mayall's death in June 2014, Davies met with Channel 4 to discuss the future of the show. It had been intended that Mayall's role in the second series would be more prominent than it had been previously. The series returned for a second Christmas special in 2014, a second series in 2015, a third in 2016, and a fourth in 2017.

The majority of scenes are filmed in and around Watford and South Oxhey, Hertfordshire.
Modus ponens
In propositional logic, modus ponens (/ˈmoʊdəs ˈpoʊnɛnz/; MP), also known as modus ponendo ponens (from Latin 'mode that by affirming affirms'), implication elimination, or affirming the antecedent, is a deductive argument form and rule of inference. It can be summarized as "P implies Q. P is true. Therefore, Q must also be true."

Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens. Both have apparently similar but invalid forms: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens.

The history of modus ponens goes back to antiquity. The first to explicitly describe the argument form modus ponens was Theophrastus. It, along with modus tollens, is one of the standard patterns of inference that can be applied to derive chains of conclusions that lead to the desired goal.

Constructive dilemma
Constructive dilemma is a valid rule of inference of propositional logic. It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either P or R is true, then either Q or S has to be true. In sum, if two conditionals are true and at least one of their antecedents is, then at least one of their consequents must be too. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens, whereas destructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus tollens. The constructive dilemma rule can be stated:

where the rule is that whenever instances of "", "", and "" appear on lines of a proof, "" can be placed on a subsequent line.
Adam Rapoport
Adam Rapoport (born 1969) is an American former magazine editor. After serving as a style editor at GQ, Rapoport was the editor-in-chief of Bon Appétit magazine from 2010 until his resignation in 2020.

Bon Appétit
Bon Appétit is a monthly American food and entertaining magazine, that typically contains recipes, entertaining ideas, restaurant recommendations, and wine reviews. Owned by Condé Nast, it is headquartered at the One World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York, and has been in publication since 1956. Bon Appétit has been recognized for increasing its online presence in recent years through the use of social media, publishing recipes on their website, and maintaining a popular YouTube channel.
Sushil Kumar Tiwari
Sushil Kumar Tiwari, known as Indu Bhaiya, (born 30 June 1959) is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a three time MLA from Panagar Assembly constituency in Jabalpur district. He represents Bharatiya Janata Party.

Panagar Assembly constituency
Panagar is one of the 230 Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is part of Jabalpur district and Jabalpur Lok Sabha constituency. As of 2023, it is represented by Sushil Kumar Tiwari of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Morristown Roosters
The Morristown Roosters were a Minor League Baseball team that played in Morristown, Tennessee, from 1910 to 1914 and 1923 to 1925. Known as the Morristown Jobbers, they were members of the Class D Southeastern League in 1910 before moving to the Appalachian League from 1911 to 1914. The team was revived in the Appalachian League as the Roosters from 1923 to 1925. Over eight seasons of competition, their all-time regular season win–loss record was 325–340 (.489).

Appalachian League
The Appalachian League is a collegiate summer baseball league that operates in the Appalachian regions of Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Designed for rising freshmen and sophomores using wooden bats, its season runs from June through August. The league is part of Major League Baseball and USA Baseball's Prospect Development Pipeline.

Between 1911 and 2020, the Appalachian League operated as part of Minor League Baseball and various of its teams were low-level affiliates of Major League Baseball franchises. It operated as a Class D league during four stints through 1962, then was classified as a Rookie Advanced league from 1963 to 2020.
Black Brook, New York
Black Brook is a town in Clinton County, New York, United States. The population was 1,497 at the 2010 census. It is named after a stream that flows through the town.

Black Brook occupies the southwestern corner of Clinton County and is southwest of Plattsburgh. Black Brook is inside the Adirondack Park.

Peru, New York
Peru is a town in Clinton County in the U.S. state of New York. The population was 6,772 at the 2020 census. The town was so named for its views of the Adirondack Mountains to the west and the farmlands throughout the town, resembling scenery found in the country of Peru in South America. Peru, New York, is in the southeastern part of Clinton County, south of Plattsburgh.
D. A. Wallach
David-Andrew Wallach is an American singer and businessman. He was the lead vocalist of the indie rock band Chester French from 2003 until its 2013 disbandment, and signed with Harvest Records, a subsidiary of Capitol Records as a solo act in the latter year. He was also a former artist-in-residence at Spotify, a company where he was an early investor. In his other ventures, he has invested in or served as an advisor for companies including SpaceX, Emulate, Synthego, Beam Therapeutics, Glympse Bio, Ligandal, and Ripple.

Emulate
Emulate, Inc. (Emulate) is a biotechnology company that commercialized Organs-on-Chips technology—a human cell-based technology that recreates organ-level function to model organs in healthy and diseased states. The technology has applications in pharmaceutical research, product development, testing how different medicines, chemicals, and foods affect human health. Emulate has also worked with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center on a precision medicine initiative that uses Organs-on-Chips technology in the clinical setting. This initiative is designed to provide clinicians with better data about how an individual patient may respond to treatment. The company also signed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to advance and qualify its Human Emulation System to meet regulatory evaluation for product testing.
Chain Reactions (film)
Chain Reactions is a 2024 American documentary film written and directed by Alexandre O. Philippe. It is about the impact the 1974 horror film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre had on five artists, who are Patton Oswalt, Takashi Miike, Alexandra Heller-Nicholas, Stephen King, and Karyn Kusama. Chain Reactions premiered at the 81st Venice International Film Festival in August 2024. It was given a limited theatrical release on September 19, 2025, which was followed by an expansion on September 26.

Alexandra Heller-Nicholas
Alexandra Heller-Nicholas is an Australian film critic and historian who has written several books in fields like horror film and women in film, including Rape-Revenge Films: A Critical Study (2011) and Masks in Horror Cinema (2019). She is co-editor of ReFocus: The Films of Elaine May (2019). Heller-Nicholas appears in Alexandre O. Philippe's 2024 documentary Chain Reactions, which celebrated the 50th anniversary of Tobe Hooper's 1974 film The Texas Chain Saw Massacre, interviewed alongside Stephen King, Patton Oswalt, Karyn Kusama and Takashi Miike. Her 2020 book 1000 Women in Horror, 1895 - 2020 was made into a feature documentary in 2025 which Heller-Nicholas wrote and appeared in, directed by Donna Davies.