hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Postage Act 1839
The Postage Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict. c. 52) was an act of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that came into effect on 17 August 1839 to regulate the postage rates of Great Britain until 5 October 1840 and led to several postal reforms, including the introduction of the Uniform Penny Post and the world's first postage stamps.

Uniform Penny Post
The Uniform Penny Post was a component of the comprehensive reform of the Royal Mail, the UK's official postal service, that took place in the 19th century. The reforms were a government initiative to eradicate the abuse and corruption of the existing service. Under the reforms, the postal service became a government monopoly, but it also became more accessible to the British population at large through setting a charge of one penny for carriage and delivery between any two places in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland irrespective of distance.
Muscles of mastication
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).

Facial muscles
The facial muscles are a group of striated skeletal muscles supplied by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) that, among other things, control facial expression.  These muscles are also called mimetic muscles. They are only found in mammals, although they derive from neural crest cells found in all vertebrates. They are the only muscles that attach to the dermis.
Emeka Okafor
Chukwuemeka Ndubuisi "Emeka" Okafor (pronunciationⓘ; born September 28, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player. Okafor attended Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas and the University of Connecticut, where in 2004 he won a national championship. In his first season in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 2004–05, Okafor played for the Charlotte Bobcats and was named Rookie of the Year. He was traded to the New Orleans Hornets in 2009 and was then dealt to the Washington Wizards in 2012. However, a herniated disc in his neck caused Okafor to miss four consecutive seasons from 2013 to 2017 before being medically cleared to play.

Ben Gordon
Benjamin Ashenafi Gordon (born April 4, 1983) is a British-American former professional basketball player. He played for 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls, Detroit Pistons, Charlotte Bobcats, and Orlando Magic. He played college basketball for the University of Connecticut, where he won a national championship in 2004.

Gordon is the only player to have ever won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award as a rookie. He is fourth in career three-point field goals for the Chicago Bulls, behind Kirk Hinrich, Zach LaVine, and Coby White. He shares the NBA record for most three-point field goals in a game without a miss (9) with Latrell Sprewell and Jalen Brunson.
Raghib Allie-Brennan
Raghib Ismail Allie-Brennan (born July 20, 1991) is an American politician serving as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from the 2nd district, which encompasses most of Bethel and parts of Danbury, since 2019. In 2025, Allie-Brennan was arrested on two occasions and charged with shoplifting at a Target located in Bethel.

Connecticut's 2nd House of Representatives district
The second Connecticut House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Its current representative is Raghib Allie-Brennan. The district consists of parts of the towns of Bethel, Redding, Newtown, and part of the city of Danbury.

Prior to 2002, the 2nd District was one of six districts located entirely within the city of Hartford, but its old boundaries were abolished due to population decline in Hartford and the district was added to suburban Fairfield County, an area of much faster growth.
Jerry Falwell
Jerry Laymon Falwell (August 11, 1933 – May 15, 2007) was an American Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist. He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. He founded Lynchburg Christian Academy, later renamed Liberty Christian Academy, in 1967, founded Liberty University in 1971, and co-founded the Moral Majority in 1979.

Lynchburg, Virginia
Lynchburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. Located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains along the James River, it had a population of 79,009 at the 2020 census, making it the 11th-most populous city in Virginia. It is nicknamed the "City of Seven Hills" or the "Hill City." Lynchburg was founded in 1757 by John Lynch, a Quaker ferry operator and abolitionist. During the American Civil War, Lynchburg's strategic importance helped it remain the only major city in Virginia not recaptured by Union forces before the war's end.

Lynchburg anchors the Lynchburg metropolitan area, which lies near the geographic center of Virginia and is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the state, with a population of 261,593. The city is a regional hub for education, home to several institutions of higher learning, including Liberty University, the University of Lynchburg, Randolph College, Virginia University of Lynchburg, and Central Virginia Community College.
Onyi Nwabineli
Onyi Nwabineli is a British novelist. She is known for her contemporary novels Someday, Maybe (2022), which was a Good Morning America (GMA) and Country & Town House Book Club pick, and Allow Me to Introduce Myself (2024).

Someday, Maybe
Someday, Maybe is a 2022 novel by British Nigerian writer Onyi Nwabineli. It was published on 1 November 2022 in the United Kingdom by Magpie Books, an imprint of Oneworld publications, and by Graydon House in the United States. It follows Eve Ezenwa-Morrow, a Nigerian woman in an interracial marriage trying to cope with grief, depression and suicide after her husband's death.
1986 Federation Cup (tennis)
The 1986 Federation Cup was the 24th edition of the most important competition between national teams in women's tennis.  The tournament was held at I. ČLTK Prague in Prague, Czechoslovakia, from 20 to 27 July. The United States defeated three-time defending champions Czechoslovakia in the final (in what was a rematch of last year's final), giving the USA their 12th title. The finals marked Martina Navratilova's first return to Czechoslovakia since her defection to the United States in 1975.

I. ČLTK Prague
I. ČLTK Prague (Czech: I. ČLTK Praha) is a tennis club and training center located in Prague, Czech Republic. Located on Štvanice in the center of the city, it is one of the most prestigious tennis clubs in the country.
Magari, Estonia
Magari is a village in Kanepi Parish, Põlva County in southeastern Estonia. It is located about 4.5 km southeast of Kanepi, the administrative seat of the municipality, surrounded by the villages of Erastvere, Põlgaste, Soodoma, and Lauri. As of the 2011 census, the village's population was 57.

On 9 January 1702 [O.S. 29 December 1701], during the Great Northern War, the Battle of Erastfer took place in Magari. The Russian force, with 18,800 men, defeated a Swedish force of 2,470 men. It was the first significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War.

The Ahja River passes Magari on its northern border with the village of Lauri.

Kanepi Parish
Kanepi Parish (Estonian: Kanepi vald) is a rural municipality in Estonia, located in Põlva County. It has a population of 4,662 (as of 1 January 2020) and covers an area of 524.68 km2 (202.58 sq mi). The administrative centre is Kanepi.

It was established in 2017 through the merger of Valgjärve, Kõlleste, and Kanepi Parish.
Jason McCoy
Jason Dwight Campsall (born August 27, 1970), known professionally as Jason McCoy, is a Canadian country singer-songwriter.

He has won the 2001 Male Vocalist of the Year at the Canadian Country Music Awards, 3 SOCAN Song of the Year awards, 19 CCMA nominations and 5 Juno nominations (all for Best Country Male Vocalist). He also won six awards at the 2004 Ontario Country Performer and Fan Association awards. In 2006, he was awarded the Global Artist Award at the CMA Awards in Nashville.

McCoy was also one of the three members of the group The Road Hammers, which has released two studio albums, in addition to charting four singles in Canada and one in the United States before parting ways in 2010. The group later reunited in 2013.

In 2023, he was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame.

Country Music Association Awards
The Country Music Association Awards, also known as the CMA Awards or CMAs, are presented to country music artists and broadcasters to recognize outstanding achievement in the country music industry. The televised annual presentation ceremony features performances and award presentations by popular country music artists, with occasional appearances from pop and rock artists. The CMA Awards were first presented in 1967, and televised for the first time the following year.
One Knoxville SC
One Knoxville Sporting Club is an American soccer team based in Knoxville, Tennessee, that competes in USL League One, the third tier of the United States soccer league system. They play their home matches at Covenant Health Park, a multi-use stadium designed for soccer and baseball, alongside the Knoxville Smokies, a minor league baseball team for the Chicago Cubs.

Covenant Health Park
Covenant Health Park is a 6,355-seat multi-purpose stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. The stadium serves as the home baseball park of the Double-A Knoxville Smokies of the Southern League and One Knoxville SC, a Division III soccer team in USL League One. The stadium is situated within the Magnolia Avenue Warehouse District, just east of Knoxville's Old City. The ballpark opened on April 15, 2025, when the Smokies played the Chattanooga Lookouts. The stadium replaced Smokies Stadium for the Knoxville Smokies and Regal Soccer Stadium for One Knoxville SC.
Willenhall House
Willenhall House was a house and estate located to the south of Chipping Barnet, on the borders of Hertfordshire and Middlesex, in what is now north London.

It was designed by John Buonarotti Papworth in 1829 for the East Indies merchant Thomas Wyatt to replace an existing house on a piece of land that was once part of the ancient Pricklers (later Greenhill) estate. Wyatt named it after Willenhall in the English West Midlands, the place of his birth. The house was demolished in 1890 and the site developed for housing over the following decades.

John Buonarotti Papworth
John Buonarotti Papworth (24 January 1775 – 16 June 1847) was a British architect, artist and a founder member of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

He adopted the middle name "Buonarotti" in around 1815.

As well as being active in the UK, he designed a monument in Belgium and designed buildings intended for Germany and the USA.
Chicago Shimpo
The Chicago Shimpo (シカゴ新報, Shikago Shinpō; "Chicago News Report", ISSN 0009-370X), published by Chicago Shimpo, Inc. (シカゴ新報社 Shikago Shinpō-sha), is a Japanese-American newspaper published for readers in the Chicago, Illinois area. As of 1995 it was published twice weekly. It is currently headquartered in Arlington Heights, Illinois, and its offices were previously located in Albany Park, Chicago. The Chicago Shimpo, which publishes articles in Japanese and English, is the only Japanese-American newspaper in the Chicago media market.

Albany Park, Chicago
Albany Park (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Located on the Northwest Side of Chicago with the North Branch of the Chicago River forming its east and north boundaries, it includes the ethnically diverse Albany Park neighborhood, with one of the highest percentages of foreign-born residents of any Chicago neighborhood.

Although the majority of those foreign-born residents are from Latin America, mostly from Mexico (especially from the state of Michoacán), Guatemala, and Ecuador, substantial numbers are from the Philippines, India, Korea, Cambodia, Somalia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Romania, Pakistan and the Middle East (especially Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon). Over 40 different languages are spoken in its public schools.

Due to the diverse population and immigrant population attraction, the population of the neighborhood increased by 16.5% during the 1990s.
The Adventures of Arsène Lupin
The Adventures of Arsène Lupin (French: Les Aventures d'Arsène Lupin) is a 1957 French crime film directed by Jacques Becker. It was entered into the 7th Berlin International Film Festival. It was followed by Signé Arsène Lupin.

Jacques Becker
Jacques Becker (French: [bɛkɛʁ]; 15 September 1906 – 21 February 1960) was a French film director and screenwriter. His films, made during the 1940s and 1950s, encompassed a wide variety of genres, and they were admired by some of the filmmakers who led the French New Wave movement.
Nicholas Tse
Nicholas Tse Ting-fung (born 29 August 1980) is a Hong Kong actor, singer, entrepreneur and TV chef. Tse debuted as a singer in 1996 before shifting his career focus to acting. He is known for starring in the films Metade Fumaca (1999), New Police Story (2004), Bodyguards and Assassins (2009), The Viral Factor (2012), and Raging Fire (2021), as well as the television series The Proud Twins (2005). For his role in The Stool Pigeon (2010), Tse won the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor, making him  the first actor to have won in the three major acting categories, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actor, and Best New Performer, at the Hong Kong Film Awards.

Tse is the founder of Post Production Office, a Hong Kong–based special effects company. The company was acquired by Digital Domain in 2016, with Tse becoming chairman of Digital Domain in Greater China.

The Proud Twins (TV series)
The Proud Twins (小鱼儿与花无缺) is a 2005 Chinese–Hong Kong wuxia television series adapted from the novel Juedai Shuangjiao by Gu Long. Directed by Wong Jing, it starred cast members from mainland China and Hong Kong, including Dicky Cheung, Nicholas Tse, Fan Bingbing, and Yuan Quan.
Isaac in Islam
The biblical patriarch Isaac (Arabic: إِسْحَاق or إِسْحٰق[note] ʾIsḥāq) is recognized as a prophet of God by Muslims. As in Judaism and Christianity, Islam maintains that Isaac was the son of the patriarch and prophet Abraham from his wife Sarah. Muslims hold Isaac in deep veneration because they believe that both Isaac and his older half-brother Ishmael continued their father's spiritual legacy through their subsequent preaching of the message of Allah after the death of Abraham. Isaac is mentioned in fifteen passages of the Quran. Along with being mentioned several times in the Quran, Isaac is held up as one of Islam's prophets.

Sarah
Sarah (originally Sarai) is a biblical matriarch, prophet, and major figure in Abrahamic religions. While different Abrahamic faiths portray her differently, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all depict her character similarly, as that of a pious woman, renowned for her hospitality and beauty, the wife of Abraham, and the mother of Isaac. Sarah has her feast day on 1 September in the Catholic Church, 19 August in the Coptic Orthodox Church, 20 January in the LCMS, and 12 and 20 December in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
High Island (Michigan)
High Island is an island in Lake Michigan and is part of the Beaver Island archipelago.  It is 3,495 acres (14.14 km2) in size.  The island is owned by the U.S. state of Michigan and is managed by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources as part of the Beaver Islands State Wildlife Research Area.

High Island got its name from a large, perched sand dune on the western side of the island.  The sand, blown by the lake's prevailing winds, has piled up into a sand dune elevated 780 feet (238 m) above sea level, or 199 feet (61 m) above the level of Lake Michigan.

The island is currently uninhabited.  It lies approximately four miles (6 km) west of the much larger Beaver Island, and less than two miles from Trout Island.

Trout Island (Michigan)
Trout Island is an island in Lake Michigan and is part of the Beaver Island archipelago. The island is 80 acres in size, and is privately owned.  There is an airstrip on the island that extends across the whole island to both shorelines. Trout Island is a little under two miles from High Island, and a little over six miles from Beaver Island. The island is part of the Beaver Island Archipelago.
Beatenberg (band)
Beatenberg is a South African band based in Cape Town, composed of Matthew Field (born 02.05.1989), Robin Brink, and Ross Dorkin. The group signed with Universal Music Group label in 2012. They gained national attention in 2014 from their collaboration with the artist DJ Clock with "Pluto (Remember You)", which became the number one popular song on South African radio for over 19 consecutive weeks.

Their second album The Hanging Gardens of Beatenberg (2014), generated hit singles including "Beauty Like a Tightened Bow", "Scorpionfish", and "Pluto (Remember You)". Their third album 12 Views of Beatenberg (2018), after the release of singles "Camera", "Ode to the Berg Wind" and "Aphrodite", in collaboration with the singer Tresor.

12 Views of Beatenberg
12 Views of Beatenberg is the third album by South African indie pop band Beatenberg. It was released on 14 December 2018 by Island Records. The album includes singles "Camera" and "Ode to the Berg Wind," as well as "Aphrodite" a collaboration with African pop artist TRESOR. Upon release the album jumped to number four on the South African iTunes chart.
Mani Menon
Mani Menon, born 9 July 1948 in Trichur, India, is an American surgeon whose work has helped to lay the foundation for modern Robotic Cancer Surgery. He is the founding director and the Raj and Padma Vattikuti Distinguished Chair of the Vattikuti Urology Institute at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI, where he established the first cancer-oriented robotics program in the world. Menon is widely regarded for his role in the development of robotic surgery techniques for the treatment of patients with prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers, as well as for the development of robotic kidney transplantation.

Menon is the recipient of the Gold Cystoscope Award (American Urological Association, 2001), Hugh Hampton Young award (American Urological Association, 2011), the Keyes Medal (American Association of Genitourinary surgeons, 2016), the prestigious B.C. Roy award (Awarded by the President of India, for his achievements in the fields of urology and robotics).

Vattikuti Urology Institute
The Vattikuti Urology Institute (VUI) at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, is a clinical and research center for urological care.

It is known for being the first institute to implement robotic surgery as a type of treatment for patients with prostate cancer. To date, the institute has performed more than 10,000 robotic procedures.

The Vattikuti Urology Institute has been ranked highly by U.S. News & World Report. The VUI treats nearly 50,000 patients annually.
1990 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1990 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1990. Democratic nominee Bruce Sundlun defeated incumbent Republican Edward D. DiPrete with 74.15% of the vote.

This is the last time that an incumbent governor of Rhode Island lost re-election.

Bruce Sundlun
Bruce George Sundlun (January 19, 1920 – July 21, 2011) was an American businessman, politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as 71st governor of Rhode Island between 1991 and 1995.

He was Rhode Island's second Jewish governor, and the only Jewish governor in the United States during his two terms. In addition to politics, Sundlun had a varied career as a military pilot, federal attorney, practicing lawyer, corporate executive and university lecturer.
Kew railway line
The Kew railway line was a former railway line in Melbourne, Australia. The line ran from Hawthorn to Kew. It was opened on 19 December 1887 and was officially closed on 13 May 1957. The last train ran on 18 August 1952 after years of decline.

Kew, Victoria
Kew (/kjuː/) is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, found 5 km east from Melbourne's Central Business District. Kew is located within the City of Boroondara local government area. Kew recorded a population of 24,499 at the 2021 census.

A city in its own right from 1860 to 1994, Kew was amalgamated with the cities of Hawthorn and Camberwell to form the City of Boroondara. The suburb borders the Yarra River to the west and northwest, with Kew East to the northeast, Hawthorn and Hawthorn East to its south, and with Balwyn, Balwyn North and Deepdene to the east.
Column family
A column family is a database object that contains columns of related data. It is a tuple (pair) that consists of a key–value pair, where the key is mapped to a value that is a set of columns. In analogy with relational databases, a column family is as a "table", each key-value pair being a "row". Each column is a tuple (triplet) consisting of a column name, a value, and a timestamp.  In a relational database table, this data would be grouped together within a table with other non-related data.

Two types of column families exist:

Standard column family: contains only columns

Super column family: contains a map of super columns

Super column family
A super column family is a NoSQL object that contains column families. It is a tuple (pair) that consists of a key–value pair, where the key is mapped to a value that are column families. In analogy with relational databases, a super column family is something like a "view" on a number of tables. It can also be seen as a map of tables.
The Riddler Mindbender
The Riddler Mindbender, previously named Mind Bender, is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Georgia near Atlanta, Georgia. Billed as "the world's first triple-loop roller coaster" when it opened on March 31, 1978, Mindbender has maintained its popularity since its opening. In its 30th anniversary season in 2008, Mindbender was ranked #15 by Amusement Today magazine in its annual Golden Ticket Awards, and was one of only two roller coasters built before 1980 on the list; the other was its "fraternal twin," Shockwave, at Six Flags Over Texas.

Shock Wave (Six Flags Over Texas)
Shock Wave is a steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington, Texas. Built right at the edge of the park, Shock Wave is easily seen by passers-by on Interstate Highway 30. Its unique four-sided tube truss track system is similar to The Riddler Mindbender roller coaster at Six Flags Over Georgia which was constructed at the same time.
Pieces of Her (TV series)
Pieces of Her is an American thriller drama television series created by Charlotte Stoudt, based on the 2018 novel of the same name by Karin Slaughter. The series stars Toni Collette, Bella Heathcote, Jacob Scipio, Omari Hardwick, and David Wenham. It premiered on Netflix on March 4, 2022.

Between February 27, 2022, and April 3, 2022, the series was watched for 227.5 million hours on Netflix, globally, according to Netflix top 10s.

Omari Hardwick
Omari Latif Hardwick (born January 9, 1974) is an American actor. He is known for his starring role as James St. Patrick / Ghost, the protagonist of Starz's Power and his role as Vanderohe in Zack Snyder's Army of the Dead (2021). He is also known for his roles in Saved and Dark Blue, in Spike Lee's Miracle at St. Anna (2008), Kick-Ass (2010), Tyler Perry's For Colored Girls (2010), and as Andre in BET Network's Being Mary Jane.

Hardwick earned a 2025 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Poetry Album nomination for the album Concrete & Whiskey Act II Part 1: A Bourbon 30 Series. For the 2026 Grammy Awards, he got a nomination for his album Pages for the Best Spoken Word Poetry Album.