hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science but with a much older history.

Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek  γῆ (gê) 'earth'  μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and  λόγος (lógos) 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform and terrain history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology, climatology, and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.
Yordenis Ugás
Yordenis Ugás Hernández (born 14 July 1986) is a Cuban professional boxer. He held the WBA (Super) welterweight title from 2021 to April 2022, having previously held the WBA (Regular) title from 2020 until being elevated to Super champion. As an amateur, Ugás won a gold medal at the 2005 World Championships and bronze at the 2008 Olympics, both in the lightweight division.

Ugas' nickname, 54 Milagros, comes from two people: "54" refers to baseball player Aroldis Chapman who wears the number 54, and is Ugas' best friend; "Milagros" is the name of Ugas' mother.

Daouda Sow (boxer)
Daouda Sow (born 19 January 1983 in Roubaix) is an amateur boxer from France.  He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the lightweight division. Sow signed with the AIBA professional league, called AIBA Pro Boxing (APB), which launched in autumn of 2013.
Fremont–Winema National Forest
The Fremont–Winema National Forest is a United States National Forest formed from the 2002 merger of the Fremont and Winema National Forests.  They cover territory in southern Oregon from the crest of the Cascade Range on the west past the city of Lakeview to the east.  The northern end of the forests is bounded by U.S. Route 97 on the west and Oregon Route 31 on the east.  To the south, the state border with California forms the boundary of the forests. Klamath Falls is the only city of significant size in the vicinity. The forests are managed by the United States Forest Service, and the national forest headquarters are located in Lakeview.

Lakeview, Oregon
Lakeview is a city in Lake County, Oregon, United States. The population was 2,418 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Lake County. The city bills itself as the "Tallest Town in Oregon" because of its elevation, 4,757 feet (1,450 m) above sea level. Lakeview is situated in the Goose Lake Valley at the foot of the Warner Mountains and at the edge of Oregon's high desert country. Its economy is based on agriculture, lumber production, and government activities. In addition, tourism is an increasingly important part of the city's economy. Oregon's Outback Scenic Byway passes through Lakeview.
Marianna Bezsmertnaya
Marianna Sergeevna Bezsmertnaya, née Yurkevich (Russian: Мариа́нна Серге́евна Безсме́ртная (Юркевич); 2 May 1915 – 1991) was a Soviet and Russian geologist, mineralogist, petrographer and petrologist, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences (1957), developer of new methods for diagnosing minerals, active participant and author of the discovery of a number of new minerals. For 25 years, she was a leading employee of the Moscow Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, the author of new methods for determining minerals. In the late 1950s to early 1960s, she re-checked and revised the mineralogical collection of the institute.

In 1979, in honor of Marianna Bezsmertnaya and her husband Vladimir Bezsmertny (1912-2002), a new mineral found in Kamchatka, bezsmertnovite, was named in composition — a complex plumbotelluride of gold, copper, iron and silver, the brightness of the color surpasses even gold.: 113

Bezsmertnovite
Bezsmertnovite, less often bessmertnovite (Russian: Безсмертновит) is a very rare supergene mineral of the sulfide class, complex in composition: mixed plumbotelluride of gold, copper, iron, silver from the bilibinskite group with the calculation formula Au4Cu(Te,Pb).

Discovered in 1978 at the Aginskoe gold deposit (Central Kamchatka), bezsmertnovite stands out among all other ore minerals with its unusually high saturation and purity of color (orange-yellow), surpassing even gold. In 1979, the new mineral was named in honor of the married couple of famous Moscow mineralogists: Vladimir and Marianna Bezsmertnaya. The co-authors of the discovery were two Moscow scientists, geologist Ernst Spiridonov and mineralogist Tatiana Chvileva.
Mirage (chocolate bar)
Mirage is a chocolate bar made by Nestlé and primarily sold in Canada. It is a long chocolate bar with a trapezoidal shape, filled with bubbles.  It was first sold in 1983 by Rowntree before the company was bought by Nestlé.

The chocolate bar is made by Nestlé Canada. It is manufactured in a peanut-free facility. It is sold in a yellow-white wrapper.

The Mirage is identical to the 1981-released UK bar by British chocolate company Cadbury, the Wispa. It is also similar in many ways to the Aero bar, also made by Nestlé. However, the Mirage is quite a bit thicker than the Aero bar and is not segmented or divided into pieces.

Aero (chocolate bar)
Aero is an aerated chocolate bar manufactured by the Swiss multinational corporation Nestlé. Originally produced by Rowntree's, Aero bars were introduced in 1935 to the North of England as the "new chocolate". By the end of that year, it had proved sufficiently popular with consumers that sales were extended throughout the United Kingdom.

By 1936, sales of the chocolate had reached the US, and later spread to many other countries including Canada, South Africa and Japan. Aero has been manufactured by Nestlé since 1988, after a takeover of Rowntree's. Known for its unique "bubbly" texture that collapses as the bar melts, it is available in many different flavours, and various forms including Aero Bubbles and Aero Biscuits.
Russell L. Ackoff
Russell Lincoln Ackoff (February 12, 1919 – October 29, 2009) was an American organizational theorist, consultant, and Anheuser-Busch Professor Emeritus of Management Science at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Ackoff was a pioneer in the field of operations research, systems thinking and management science.

Systems thinking
Systems thinking is a way of making sense of the complexity of the world by looking at it in terms of wholes and relationships rather than by splitting it down into its parts. It has been used as a way of exploring and developing effective action in complex contexts, enabling systems change. Systems thinking draws on and contributes to systems theory and the system sciences.
Black Hills National Cemetery
Black Hills National Cemetery, originally named Fort Meade National Cemetery, is a United States National Cemetery near Sturgis, South Dakota. Named after the nearby Black Hills, over 29,000 interments of military veterans and their family members have taken place since its founding in 1948. It is administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which also operates the nearby Fort Meade National Cemetery. It was the first national cemetery in South Dakota and is currently the only one open to new burials.

Prominent features of the cemetery include its committal shelter, where memorial services and events are held, and the Avenue of Flags leading up to it. Although primarily hosting lawn graves, three columbaria were built in 2010, which allow the interment of ashes. Several memorial structures have been placed on the grounds since its inception, including one each for veterans of the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Multiple notable people are buried in the cemetery.

Fort Meade National Cemetery
Fort Meade National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Sturgis in Meade County, South Dakota. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 1.9 acres (0.77 ha). It is maintained by Black Hills National Cemetery.
E. B. White House
The E. B. White House is a historic house on 470 Bay Road in Brooklin, Maine, United States. This well-preserved 18th-century farmhouse was home for many years to author E. B. White (1899–1985), and is where he wrote a number of his important works.  The farm was the inspiration for one of his best-known works, Charlotte's Web.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

E. B. White
Elwyn Brooks White (July 11, 1899 – October 1, 1985) was an American writer. He was the author of highly popular books for children: Stuart Little (1945), Charlotte's Web (1952), and The Trumpet of the Swan (1970).

In a 2012 survey of School Library Journal readers, Charlotte's Web was ranked first in their poll of the top one hundred children's novels. White also was a contributing editor and writer for The New Yorker magazine and co-author of The Elements of Style, an English language style guide. Kurt Vonnegut called White "one of the most admirable prose stylists our country has so far produced."
RAF Marston Moor
Royal Air Force Marston Moor or more simply RAF Marston Moor is a former Royal Air Force station located near Tockwith, North Yorkshire, England. It was operational during the Second World War and was originally called RAF Tockwith, but confusion with RAF Topcliffe led to the name change.

RAF Marston Moor was opened on 11 November 1941, the airfield and RAF Church Fenton were the closest airfields to West Yorkshire and would act as a defence should Leeds be attacked. As it happens Leeds was seldom bombed.

In 1943, Group Captain Leonard Cheshire was made the station commander. He requested to be transferred to the command of 617 Squadron in November 1943, a vacancy created by the loss of George Holden in July of that year. The move required him to voluntarily step down in rank from group captain to wing commander, which he did.

Marston Moor was also in control of RAF Rufforth and RAF Riccall.

Leonard Cheshire
Geoffrey Leonard Cheshire, Baron Cheshire, VC, OM, DSO & Two Bars, DFC (7 September 1917 – 31 July 1992), was a British Royal Air Force pilot, officer and philanthropist.

Cheshire fought in the Second World War. Among the decorations Cheshire received as a pilot was the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was the youngest group captain in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and one of the most highly decorated pilots of the war.

After the war he founded a nursing home that grew into the charity Leonard Cheshire Disability. He became known for his work in conflict resolution. In 1991 he was created a life peer in recognition of his charitable work. He is under consideration for beatification in the Roman Catholic Church.
Ernesto Reyes (badminton)
Ernesto Reyes Milian (born 10 September 1992) is a Cuban badminton player. He competed at the 2015 Pan American Games. Reyes was the bronze medalists at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in the men's doubles and team event. He won the Giraldilla International tournament in the men's doubles event partnered with Ronald Toledo in 2012, and with Leodannis Martínez in 2016. He competed at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games in Barranquilla, Colombia, and helped the team win the silver medal.

Leodannis Martínez
Leodannis Martínez Palacio (born 29 April 1995) is a Cuban badminton player. In 2014, Martínez placed third at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games in the men's doubles and mixed team event. In 2015, he competed at the Pan Am Games in Toronto, Canada. In 2016, he won the Giraldilla International tournament in the men's doubles event partnered with Ernesto Reyes. He claimed 4 medals at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games in Barranquilla, Colombia.
Sloping Island
Sloping Island, incorporating the adjacent Sloping Reef, is an island nature reserve, with an area of 117 ha, in Tasmania in south-eastern Australia.  It is part of the Sloping Island Group, lying close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania around the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas.

Sloping Island Group
The Sloping Island Group is a group of small islands in south-eastern Tasmania in Australia.
They lie close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania around the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas.

The group consists of:

Sloping Island

Barren Island

Fulham Island

Hog Island

King George Island

Smooth Island

Spectacle Island

Little Spectacle Island

Visscher Island

Woody Island
John Arlott
Leslie Thomas John Arlott, OBE (25 February 1914 – 14 December 1991) was an English journalist, author and cricket commentator for the BBC's Test Match Special. He was also a poet and wine connoisseur. With his poetic phraseology, he became a cricket commentator noted for his "wonderful gift for evoking cricketing moments" by the BBC.

Mike Brearley
John Michael Brearley OBE (born 28 April 1942) is a retired English first-class cricketer who captained Cambridge University, Middlesex, and England to three successive Ashes series wins. He was the captain of the English squad which finished as runners-up at the 1979 Cricket World Cup.

Brearley captained the international side in 31 of his 39 Test matches, winning 18 and losing only 4. He was the President of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 2007–08. Since his retirement from professional cricket he has pursued a career as a psychoanalyst, psychotherapist (registered with the BPC), motivational speaker, and writer, serving as President of the British Psychoanalytical Society 2008–10. In 2015, an article in the Bleacher Report ranked Brearley as England's greatest-ever cricket captain.
Gary Busey
William Gary Busey (/ˈbjuːsi/; born June 29, 1944) is an American actor. He portrayed Buddy Holly in The Buddy Holly Story (1978), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor. His other starring roles include A Star Is Born (1976), D.C. Cab (1983), Silver Bullet (1985), Eye of the Tiger (1986), Lethal Weapon (1987), Hider in the House (1989), Predator 2 (1990), Point Break (1991),  Under Siege (1992), The Firm (1993), Drop Zone (1994), Black Sheep (1996) and Lost Highway (1997).

Drop Zone (film)
Drop Zone is a 1994 American action thriller film directed by John Badham, starring Wesley Snipes, Gary Busey, Yancy Butler, Michael Jeter, Sam Hennings, Luca Bercovici and Kyle Secor. The film follows U.S. Marshal  Pete Nessip who has to take to the skies to break up a drug smuggling gang. Drop Zone was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States on December 9, 1994.
Sunlight Peak
Sunlight Peak is  a high mountain summit of the Needle Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America.  The 14,059.0-foot (4,285 m) fourteener is located in the Weminuche Wilderness of San Juan National Forest, 28.5 miles (45.8 km) northeast by north (bearing 32°) of the City of Durango in La Plata County, Colorado, United States.

Sunlight Peak was so named in 1902; the name is likely descriptive.

Needle Mountains
The Needle Mountains are a subrange of the San Juan Mountains of the Rocky Mountains located in the southwestern part of the U.S. State of Colorado. Much of the range is protected in the Weminuche Wilderness of the San Juan National Forest.  The range is notable for having some of the most rugged mountains in the state, and includes many technical climbs and scrambles.  A small but dramatic east–west subrange in the northern section is known as the Grenadier Range.
Holyland (manga)
Holyland (Japanese: ホーリーランド, Hepburn: Hōrīrando) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kouji Mori. It was serialized in Hakusensha's seinen manga magazine Young Animal from October 2000 to May 2008, with its chapters collected in 18 tankōbon volumes.

Kouji Mori
Kouji Mori (Japanese: 森恒二, Hepburn: Kōji Mori; November 28, 1966) is a Japanese manga artist, best known for his works Holyland and Jisatsutō. Mori was also notable as a close friend of Kentaro Miura, the author of Berserk. Upon Miura's death in 2021, Mori stepped forward to supervise the completion of Berserk.
Ihor Korol
Ihor Yevhenovych Korol (Ukrainian: Ігор Євгенович Король; born 26 August 1971) is a Ukrainian football coach and a former player. He manages the under-19 team of FC Metalurh Donetsk.

He is a son of former Soviet player Yevhen Korol.

Yevhen Korol
Yevhen Hryhorovych Korol (Ukrainian: Євген Григорович Король, born 21 May 1947) is a retired Soviet football player and currently a manager.

He is a father of Ukrainian player and coach Ihor Korol from Donetsk.
Ehmedê Xanî
Ehmedê Xanî (also Ahmad-e Khani, Kurdo-Arabic script: ئەحمەدێ خانی) was a Kurdish intellectual, scholar, mystic and poet who is viewed by some as the founder of Kurdish nationalism. He was born in the Hakkâri region in 1650 and died in Bayazid in 1707.

Xanî's most important work is Mem and Zin, a long romantic epic which is sometimes viewed as the Kurdish national epic. It is the most famous work of Kurdish literature among both Kurds and non-Kurds. His other important works include Nûbihara Biçûkan, a versified Arabic-Kurdish vocabulary, and Eqîdeya Îmanê, a religious poem. These works were studied in Kurdish schools from the time of Khani towards the 1930s.

Xanî admired the Kurmanji poets Melayê Cizîrî and Feqiyê Teyran. Joyce Blau called him the spiritual son of Cizîrî, Teyran and Ali Hariri.

Feqiyê Teyran
Feqiyê Teyran (born Mir Mihemed, Kurdish: فەقیێ تەیران, romanized: Feqiyê Teyran "Novice of Fowls", 1590–1660) was a Kurdish poet who wrote in Kurmanji. He is best known for his work Zembîlfiroş, and is also credited for writing the first literary account of the Battle of Dimdim which took place in 1609 and 1610. He is considered a pioneer in Kurdish Sufi literature and one of the founders of the Kurdish literary tradition with Ali Hariri, Melayê Cizîrî, Mela Huseynê Bateyî and Ehmedê Xanî.
Balweg
Balweg (marketed as Balweg, the Rebel Priest) is a 1987 Filipino biographical action drama film directed by Antonio Perez. Inspired by the life of Catholic priest turned communist rebel Conrado Balweg, it stars Phillip Salvador as the eponymous rebel, alongside Rio Locsin, Tetchie Agbayani, Johnny Delgado, Pinky Amador, Jose Romulo, Mon Godiz, Bebong Osorio, Eddie Infante, and Baldo Marro. Produced by Viva Films, Balweg was released on July 8, 1987, and was a box office success. Phillip Salvador won both the FAMAS Award and the Film Academy of the Philippines Award for Best Actor.

The film received negative reviews from critics, who deemed it an "opportunistic" film which excessively depicts Balweg as a "larger-than-life hero" at the expense of a fair depiction of his character and motivation. Some members of communist organizations in the Philippines also criticized the film's various historical inaccuracies.

Johnny Delgado
Juan Marasigan Feleo (February 29, 1948 – November 19, 2009), known professionally as Johnny Delgado, was a Filipino television and movie actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his television work on the TV gag show Goin' Bananas. Other roles include the films Kakabakaba Ka Ba? and Tanging Yaman. The latter won him the FAMAS Award and the Metro Manila Film Festival Award for Best Actor in 2000.
Skei, Vestland
Skei (also known as Skei i Jølster) is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at the northeastern end of the lake Jølstravatnet. Skei is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the village of Byrkjelo (in Gloppen Municipality), 25 kilometres (16 mi) northeast of the villages of Vassenden/Langhaugane, and about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of the village of Ålhus.

Skei is located just west of Jostedalsbreen National Park. The village lies at the intersection of two major regional highways: European route E39 and Norwegian National Road 5. The village of Helgheim, where the Helgheim Church is located, sits about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of Skei on the northern shore of the lake Jølstravatnet.

The 0.58-square-kilometre (140-acre) village has a population (2025) of 549 and a population density of 947 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,450/sq mi).

Helgheim
Helgheim is a village in Sunnfjord Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the northern shore of the lake Jølstravatnet, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west of the village of Skei. The village lies along the European route E39 highway. Helgheim Church is located on the lake shore in Helgheim.
Billy MacKinnon
William Muir MacKinnon (18 January 1852 – 24 May 1942) was a Scottish footballer who played for Queen's Park and the Scotland national team in the 1870s.

With Queen's Park, MacKinnon won the first three Scottish Cup competitions in 1874, 1875 and 1876 (being no relation of teammate Angus MacKinnon), as well as the first Glasgow Merchants Charity Cup in 1877. He was also capped by Scotland, making nine appearances between 1872 and 1879, scoring five goals. As a player, he was described as "a brilliant dribbling artist".

MacKinnon was the only player who appeared in all of the first seven official international matches between Scotland and England, making him the first caps record holder in international football history. He held the Scotland record until March 1881, when Henry McNeil earned his 10th cap.

Outside the game he was an ironworks engineer and had a great interest in music with a talent for singing.

Angus MacKinnon
Angus MacKinnon (c. 1851 – 24 July 1880) was a Scottish footballer who played for Queen's Park and represented Scotland. Born in Glasgow (but not related to his teammate Billy), he played once for Scotland, scoring the winning goal in a 2–1 victory against England in March 1874. After winning two Scottish Cups at club level, he emigrated to Canada but died there aged 29.
Habung
Habung is a historical region in present-day Dhemaji district of Assam, it is a revered place of Tai-ahom . As per epigrahic records, Habung (Ha-vrnga-Vishaya) was a vishaya or province where Brahmins were settled by Ratna Pala of the Pala dynasty of Kamarupa in the 10th century, After the fall of Kamrupa, the region became part of Chutia kingdom where Chutia kings made land grants to Brahmins. Sukaphaa, the first Ahom king, is known to have spent three years in Habung before finally settling down at Charaideo in 1253.

Sukaphaa
Sukaphaa (r. 1228–1268), also Siu-Ka-Pha, was the founder and the first king of the Ahom kingdom in medieval Assam. A Tai prince from Möng Mao, the kingdom he established in 1228 existed until 1826 and came to incorporate large parts of modern Assam. In reverence to his position in Assam's history, the honorific Chaolung is associated with his name (Chao: lord; Lung: great). In 1996, the Assam Government decreed his annual remembrance on 2 December as Sukaphaa Divas, or Asom Divas (Assam Day), to commemorate his advent and entry  into Assam.