hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
LTCL DipTESOL
The Licentiate Diploma in TESOL, also known as LTCL DipTESOL, is a professional qualification awarded in the teaching of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) by Trinity College London.  It is an advanced teaching qualification, often seen as a follow-up to the CertTESOL, and is accredited in England by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority at Level 7 on the UK National Qualifications Framework as are master's degrees in related subject areas. Holders of the LTCL DipTESOL are also eligible for credit transfer on some master's degree programs.

CertTESOL
The Certificate in TESOL (CertTESOL) is an accredited professional qualification awarded in the teaching of "English for speakers of other languages" (ESOL) by Trinity College London.  It is a commonly taken teaching qualification in the field of English language learning and teaching (ELT). It is one of various TEFL qualifications available. The Trinity CertTESOL is regulated by the UK's Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual) which regulates qualifications, examinations and assessments in England.
The Gun Club
The Gun Club were an American rock band from Los Angeles that existed from 1979 to 1996, formed and led by singer-songwriter and guitarist Jeffrey Lee Pierce. They were notable as one of the first bands in the punk rock subculture to incorporate influences from blues, rockabilly, and country music. The Gun Club has been called a "tribal psychobilly blues" band, as well as initiators of punk blues and cowpunk – "He (Pierce) took Robert Johnson and pre-war acoustic blues and 'punkified' it. Up until then bands were drawing on Iggy & the Stooges and the New York Dolls but he took it back so much further for inspiration."

Jeffrey Lee Pierce
Jeffrey Lee Pierce (June 27, 1958 – March 31, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and author. He was one of the founding members of the post-punk band the Gun Club, and released material as a solo artist.
West African slender-snouted crocodile
The West African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus), or slender-snouted crocodile, is a critically endangered species of African crocodile. It is one of five species of crocodile in Africa, the other four being the Central African slender-snouted, Nile, West African and dwarf crocodiles.

The slender-snouted crocodile (M. cataphractus) was thought to be distributed across west Africa and into central Africa but the central African species has been separated as the Central African slender-snouted crocodile (M. leptorhynchus) based on studies in 2014 and 2018 that indicated that both were distinct species. The name cataphractus is retained for the West African species as that species was described first based on specimens from western Africa. The two species diverged about 6.5–7.5 mya, living in different river drainage zones that were geographically separated from each other by the Cameroon Line.

Central African slender-snouted crocodile
The Central African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops leptorhynchus) is one of two species of crocodiles in the genus Mecistops. It was once thought to be a population of the West African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus) but was elevated to a species after two detailed studies, one in 2014 and the other in 2018.

The species was described in 1835 on the basis of a specimen that had died at the London Zoo and had been claimed to have been collected in the Fernando Po. Studies of specimens and their molecular sequences established that there were two different species which occurred in distinct hydrological zones. M. leptorhynchus is easily differentiated morphologically from M. cataphractus by the absence of a round tubercle or boss on the squamosal scale at the back of the head in the former and present in the latter.
Goddess of Marriage
Goddess of Marriage (Korean: 결혼의 여신; RR: Gyeolhonui yeosin) is a 2013 South Korean romantic comedy-drama series starring Nam Sang-mi, Kim Ji-hoon, Lee Sang-woo, Lee Tae-ran, Kim Jung-tae, Jo Min-su, Kwon Hae-hyo, Jang Young-nam and Jang Hyun-sung. It premiered on SBS on June 29, 2013, and ended on November 3, 2013, airing every Saturday and Sunday at 21:50 for 36 episodes.

Lee Tae-ran
Lee Tae-ran (Korean: 이태란; born 25 March 1975) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her roles in Korean dramas such as Yellow Handkerchief, My Rosy Life, Famous Princesses, Wang's Family, and Sky Castle.
The Laughing Husband
The Laughing Husband (German:Der lachende Ehemann) is a 1926 German silent film directed by Rudolf Walther-Fein and Rudolf Dworsky and starring Livio Pavanelli, Elisabeth Pinajeff and Hans Albers. It is based on the operetta of the same name by Edmund Eysler.

The film's art direction was by Hans Minzloff and Jacek Rotmil.

Elisabeth Pinajeff
Elisabeth Pinajeff (born Elizabeta Sergeyevna Pinayeva; Russian: Елизавета Сергеевна Пинаева, 17 April 1900 – 31 December 1995) was a Russian-German actress.

She was implicated in the Ballets roses scandal of the 1950s, when prominent French people were accused of sexually abusing teenage girls.
2007–08 Cypriot Cup
The 2007–08 Cypriot Cup was the 66th edition of the Cypriot Cup. A total of 54 clubs entered the competition. It began on 8 September 2007 with the first round and concluded on 17 May 2008 with the final which was held at GSP Stadium. APOEL won their 19th Cypriot Cup trophy after beating Anorthosis 2–0 in the final.

2007–08 Cypriot First Division
The 2007-08 Cypriot First Division started on 1 September 2007. The defending champions were APOEL.

This year, for the first time, the championship featured a group stage play-off system. Teams were divided into 3 groups; 1st-4th, 5th-8th and 9th-12th. The points were carried over from the first round.

Anorthosis won the championship three games before the end of the season, without losing a single match.
AEG (brand)
AEG Hausgeräte GmbH, simply known as AEG or AEG Electrolux, is a German household appliances company.

Founded in 1887, it originally belonged to the German company of the same name, active in the electronics and metalworking sectors. In 1994, the household appliances division was sold to the Swedish company Electrolux, which still owns it and sells products under the brand name.

Electrolux
Electrolux AB (Swedish: [ɛˈlɛ̂kːtrʊˌlɵks, ɛlɛktrʊˈlɵks]; originally Elektromekaniska AB and later Elektrolux AB) is a Swedish multinational home appliance manufacturer, headquartered in Stockholm. It is consistently ranked the world's second largest appliance maker by units sold, after Whirlpool.

Founded in 1910, Electrolux products are sold under a variety of brand names (including its own), and are primarily major appliances and vacuum cleaners intended for home consumer use.

Electrolux has a primary listing on the Stockholm Stock Exchange.
2013 APRA Silver Scroll Awards
The 2013 APRA Silver Scroll Awards were held on Tuesday 15 October 2013 at Vector Arena in Auckland, celebrating excellence in New Zealand songwriting. This is the first year the ceremony was held at Vector Arena, moving from its previous location of the Auckland Town Hall in order to accommodate more of APRA's 8000 New Zealand members.

The Silver Scroll award was presented to Ella Yelich-O'Connor and Joel Little for "Royals" by Lorde, and singer-songwriter Dave Dobbyn was inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame. The award for The Most Performed Work Overseas went to Brooke Fraser and Scott Ligertwood for “Something in the Water”, ending the 13-year run of Neil Finn's Crowded House song "Don't Dream It's Over". Brenda Makamoeafi and Hassanah Iroegbu of 1990s hip hop duo Sisters Underground reunited to perform their 1994 hit "In the Neighbourhood".

Joel Little
Joel Little (born 13 February 1983) is a New Zealand record producer, musician and Grammy Award-winning songwriter. He is best known for his work as a writer and producer with artists Lorde, Taylor Swift, Broods, Sam Smith, Imagine Dragons, Ellie Goulding, Khalid, Elliphant, Jarryd James, Shawn Mendes, Marina Diamandis, Amy Shark, Goodnight Nurse, Noah Kahan, Years & Years, the Jonas Brothers, Gracie Abrams, and Niall Horan.
Sulaiman ibn Muhanna
Alam al-Din Sulaiman ibn Muhanna died November 1341) was the amir al-ʿarab (commander of the Bedouin tribes) in Syria and lord of Salamiyah and Palmyra under the Egyptian Mamluks in November 1341–1343. He was the chieftain of the Tayyid clan of Al Fadl, having succeeded his brother Musa ibn Muhanna. He went with Qaransunqur to the Ilkhanid Mongols and stayed there for seventeen years. Then he returned to Mamluk Egypt and resided in al-Rahba. His father and uncle Fadl provided him with money and warned him not to fall into the hands of the sultan.

Musa ibn Muhanna
Muzaffar ad-Din Musa ibn Muhanna (died November 1341) was the amir al-ʿarab (commander of the Bedouin tribes) in Syria and lord of Salamiyah and Palmyra under the Mamluks in 1335–November 1341. He was the chieftain of the Tayyid clan of Al Fadl, having succeeded his father Muhanna ibn Isa. Musa maintained close relations with Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad and cooperated with him during Muhanna's defection to the Mongol Ilkhanate and later during his own reign. In return for Musa's support and supply of noble Arabian horses, an-Nasir Muhammad granted substantial, high-income iqtaʿat (fiefs) in Syria.
Chesterton, Indiana
Chesterton is a town in Westchester, Jackson and Liberty townships in Porter County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 14,242 at the 2020 Census. The three towns of Chesterton, Burns Harbor, and Porter are known as the Duneland area.

Porter County, Indiana
Porter County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2020, the population was 173,215, making it the 10th most populous county in Indiana. The county seat is Valparaiso. The county is part of Northwest Indiana, as well as the Chicago metropolitan area. Porter County is the site of much of the Indiana Dunes, an area of ecological significance. The Hour Glass Museum in Ogden Dunes documents the region's ecological significance.
Toronto Phantoms
The Toronto Phantoms were a professional arena football team based in Toronto, Ontario. The team was a member of the Eastern Division of the National Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). The team also previously operated in New York City and Hartford, Connecticut.

East Division (AFL)
The East Division was a division of the Arena Football League's American Conference. It was first formed in 1995 as part of the National Conference when expansion led to the creation of divisions.

Since the division's enfranchisement in 1995, as the Eastern Division of the National Conference, the division sent representatives to five ArenaBowls (most recently the Philadelphia Soul in 2013's ArenaBowl XXVI), with two wins (most recently the Philadelphia Soul in 2008's ArenaBowl XXII).
Marian Danysz
Marian Danysz (March 17, 1909 – February 9, 1983) was a Polish physicist, Professor of Physics at University of Warsaw. He is known for the co-discovering with Jerzy Pniewski a hypernucleus in 1952, which alongside a proton and neutron contains a third particle, today recognized as possesing a lambda hyperon (Λ0).

Ten years later, they obtained a hypernucleus in excited state, and the following year a hypernucleus with two lambda baryons.

He was the son of physicist Jan Kazimierz Danysz.

Hypernucleus
A hypernucleus is similar to a conventional atomic nucleus, but contains at least one hyperon in addition to the normal protons and neutrons. Hyperons are a category of baryon particles that carry non-zero strangeness quantum number, which is conserved by the strong and electromagnetic interactions.

A variety of reactions give access to depositing one or more units of strangeness in a nucleus. Hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the lambda (Λ), tend to be more tightly bound than normal nuclei, though they can decay via the weak force with a mean lifetime of around 200 ps. Sigma (Σ) hypernuclei have been sought, as have doubly-strange nuclei containing xi baryons (Ξ) or two Λ's.
Hovatn
Hovatn or Hovatnet is a lake in the municipality of Bygland in Agder county, Norway.  It is part of the Otra river drainage basin.  The 6.85-square-kilometre (2.64 sq mi) lake is regulated and is used by the nearby Hovatn hydroelectric power plant.  The dam has an outlet into the Hovassåni river which empties into the Åraksfjorden near Åraksbø.

Hovatn is located in the Otra watershed, but only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) to the east is the lake Topsæ which is in the Tovdalselva drainage basin.

Bygland
Bygland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bygland. Other villages in the municipality include Åraksbø, Austad, Byglandsfjord, Grendi, Langeid, Lauvdal, Litveit, Longerak, Moi, Ose, Sandnes, Skåmedal, and Tveit. The Norwegian National Road 9 runs through the municipality, following the river Otra where most of the population of Bygland lives.

The 1,312-square-kilometre (507 sq mi) municipality is the 76th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bygland is the 323rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,136. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Tom Bradshaw (musician)
Thomas Lewis Bradshaw (born February 14, 1935)  is an American steel guitarist, journalist, music historian and businessman and who is known for his contributions to the pedagogy of steel guitar. He is a member of the Steel Guitar Hall of Fame (2006). Bradshaw is noted for creating what is now an international standard for describing how a steel guitar is configured, and coined the name  "copedent"  to describe it. NPR music writer Jesse Jarnow called Bradshaw "perhaps the world's leading authority on the instrument".  Bradshaw played and repaired steel guitars and sold parts and accessories for the instruments for nearly a half-century. He was editor and publisher of Steel Guitarist magazine and was a columnist and writer for Guitar Player  Magazine for many years, interviewing elite players and documenting steel guitar's evolution.  His plaque in the Hall of Fame reads in part, " He was steel's foremost journalist of his time"

Copedent
Copedent (often copedant) is a term used to describe the tuning and pedal arrangement on a pedal steel guitar and is unique to that instrument. Typically expressed in the form of a table or chart, the word is a portmanteau of "chord–pedal–arrangement and is pronounced "co-PEE-dent".  It was coined in 1969 by Steel Guitar Hall of Fame member Tom Bradshaw and first reached a wide audience in a 1972 article in Guitar Player magazine. A complete copedent includes the order of strings, their tuning, string gauges, and whether a string is plain or wound; it also indicates how any string's pitch is changed by applying a foot pedal or a knee lever. It has become an international standard used by steel guitar players and manufacturers to describe the specifications of these instruments.
The Great Race
The Great Race is a 1965 American Technicolor epic slapstick comedy film directed by Blake Edwards, starring Jack Lemmon, Tony Curtis, and Natalie Wood, written by Arthur A. Ross (from a story by Edwards and Ross) and with music by Henry Mancini and cinematography by Russell Harlan. The supporting cast includes Peter Falk, Keenan Wynn, Arthur O'Connell, and Vivian Vance.

The movie cost US$12 million (equivalent to $92 million in 2024), making it the most expensive comedy film at the time. The story was inspired by the actual 1908 New York to Paris Race. It was co-produced by Lemmon's Jalem Productions, Curtis' Reynard Productions, and Edwards' Patricia Productions.

It is known for one scene that was promoted as "the greatest pie fight ever". It was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning the Academy Award for Best Sound Effects.

Keenan Wynn
Francis Xavier Aloysius James Jeremiah Keenan Wynn (July 27, 1916 – October 14, 1986) was an American character actor. His expressive face was his stock-in-trade. Though he rarely had a lead role, he had prominent billing in most of his film and television roles.
Abhinav Bharat
Abhinav Bharat is a Hindutva organization founded by retired Indian Army Major Ramesh Upadhyay in 2006 in Pune, India. It has a large base in Madhya Pradesh. The organization is believed to be the revived form of the pre-Independence era Abhinav Bharat Society. The activities of the organisations received widespread attention after Maharashtra Anti Terrorist Squad (ATS) arrested its member for the 2006 Malegaon bombings case. It has no relationship to the Mumbai-based charitable trust of the same name.

2008 Western India bombings
On 29 September 2008 three bombs exploded in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra of India killing 6 people and injuring over 100. Two bombs went off in Malegaon, Maharashtra, which killed nine people while another blast in Modasa, Gujarat resulted in the death of one person.

As of 24 April 2025, NIA has found 7 culprits, including former BJP MP Pragya Singh Thakur, and demanded punishment under UAPA. The punishment for such is either imprisonment for life and fine or the death penalty.  In July 2025, NIA acquitted all the suspects stating lack of evidence, however, the acquittal has been challenged by the victims in the High Court.
Darp
Darp is a village in the Dutch province of Drenthe. In 2001, the town of Darp had 507 inhabitants.  It is a suburb of the municipality of Westerveld, and lies about 19 km west of Hoogeveen.

The current name was first mentioned 1851-1855 as "sic: Erp", and means village. It used to be called Hesselte (1206 in Hesle). The reason for the name change is unclear.

Much of the village was demolished in 1942 by the Germans to construct the military airfield Havelte. After 1948, part of the village was rebuilt further to the west.

Havelte
Havelte (Drèents: Haovelte or Haovelt) is a village in the Northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Westerveld, Drenthe, about 60 km (37.2 mi) south-southwest of Groningen and 120 km (74.5 mi) northeast of Amsterdam. As of 1 January 2021, it had a population of 3,825.
Frankenstein (Dell Comics)
Frankenstein is a superhero comic book series published by Dell Comics, based on the literary and movie character Frankenstein's monster. The book was part of a line of three superhero comics based on the Universal Monsters characters; the other two were Dracula and Werewolf.

Frankenstein lasted three issues, numbered 2-4 (Sept. 1966- March 1967). Issue #1 was a 1964 adaptation of the 1931 film. Art was by Tony Tallarico and Bill Fracchio.

Dracula (Dell Comics)
Dracula is a superhero comic book series published by Dell Comics, based on the literary and movie character Count Dracula. The book was part of a line of three superhero comics based on the Universal Monsters characters; the other two were Frankenstein and Werewolf.
Cattle in religion and mythology
There are varying beliefs about cattle in societies and religions.

Cattle are considered sacred in the Indian religions of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, as well as in some Chinese folk religion and in traditional African religions. Cattle played other major roles in many religions, including those of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Israel, and ancient Rome.

In some regions, especially most states of India, the slaughter of cattle is prohibited and their meat (beef) may be taboo.

Diet in Hinduism
Diet in Hinduism signifies the diverse traditions found across the Indian subcontinent. Hindu scriptures promote a vegetarian dietary ideal based on the concept of ahimsa—non-violence and compassion towards all beings. According to a Pew Research Center survey, 44% of Hindus say they are vegetarian.
Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance
Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance refers to a statement attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, in which he reportedly disinherited his family, leaving to his successor as a charitable endowment his properties, including a valuable share of the agricultural lands of Fadak near Medina. In Sunni sources, this hadith is narrated primarily on the authority of the first caliph, Abu Bakr, who is said to have cited it to reject the claims of Muhammad's daughter Fatima to Fadak. In contrast, the authenticity of the hadith of inheritance is rejected in Shia Islam. Rather than a financial dispute, the saga of Fadak is largely viewed as a political conflict over the succession to Muhammad between Abu Bakr and Ali. The latter was Muhammad's cousin and Fatima's husband.

Fadak
Fadak (Arabic: فدك) was a village with fertile land in an oasis near Medina. The takeover of Fadak by Muslims in 629 CE was peaceful and a share of it thus belonged to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After Muhammad died in 632, Fadak was confiscated from his daughter Fatima and administered as public property, despite her objections. Fadak later changed hands many times as a fief.
Zongo Comics
Zongo Comics was a comic book publisher. It was founded and published in 1995 by Simpsons and Futurama creator Matt Groening. Unlike its counterpart Bongo Comics, the comics published were geared towards grown-up audiences containing adult material and did not include any adaptations of Groening's cartoons. The only two titles in the Zongo Comics range were Gary Panter's Jimbo and Mary Fleener's Fleener.

Zongo Comics did not last as long as its sister group, and the range was cancelled after the series failed to attract a wide audience. Because the Zongo Jimbos were not very popular when they came out, Zongo/Bongo printed less of each issue. By issue #6, they only printed 500.

Because only ten Zongo Comics were ever published, they are well sought after by collectors due to their rarity.

Gary Panter
Gary Panter (born December 1, 1950) is an American cartoonist, illustrator, painter, designer and part-time musician. Panter's work is representative of the post-underground, new wave comics movement that began with the end of Arcade: The Comics Revue and the initiation of RAW, one of the main instigators of American alternative comics. The Comics Journal has called Panter the "Greatest Living Cartoonist".

While designing for television, he remained active in comics and illustration.
Don Cockatoo-Collins
Donald Cockatoo-Collins (born 1 April 1978) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).

An Indigenous Australian, Cockatoo-Collins is a younger brother to Che Cockatoo-Collins and twin brother of David Cockatoo-Collins. Both are from Cairns, Queensland. Over three seasons, Donald made nine appearances for Melbourne .

Che Cockatoo-Collins
Che Cockatoo-Collins (born 5 March 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL).

Cockatoo-Collins was born in Brisbane, Queensland, before moving to Cairns, Queensland, where he began playing junior football with the Cairns City Cobras Australian Football Club.  Cockatoo-Collins moved to Adelaide with his family whilst still at school and signed up with the Port Adelaide Magpies in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) where he became noticed for his skills and pace. Cockatoo-Collins played 25 SANFL games before being drafted by Essendon.