hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Didone abbandonata
Didone abbandonata is an opera libretto in three acts by Pietro Metastasio. It was his first original work and was set to music by Domenico Sarro in 1724. The opera was accompanied by the intermezzo L'impresario delle Isole Canarie, also by Metastasio.

During the century that followed, it was set more than 50 times by other composers such as Nicola Porpora (1725), Leonardo Vinci (1726), Baldassare Galuppi (1740), Johann Adolph Hasse (1742), Niccolò Jommelli (1747), Tommaso Traetta (1757), Giuseppe Sarti (1762), Niccolò Piccinni (1770), Saverio Mercadante (1823).

L'impresario delle Isole Canarie
L'impresario delle Isole Canarie (The impresario from the Canary Islands), also known as L'impresario delle Canarie or Dorina e Nibbio, is a satirical opera intermezzo libretto attributed to Metastasio (Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi), written in 1724 to be performed between the acts of Metastasio's  opera seria Didone abbandonata. The first performance of the work was on February 1, 1724, in Naples, Italy, at Teatro San Bartolomeo. The first composer to set this libretto to music was Domenico Sarro, also known by the name Sarri, who also revised the work in 1730. The role of Dorina was first sung by the contralto Santa Marchesini, and Nibbio by the basso buffo singer Gioacchino Corrado. Later versions of this libretto appear with the titles L'impresario, L'impresario e la cantante and others.
Yi-Fu Tuan
Yi-Fu Tuan (Chinese: 段義孚; December 5, 1930 – August 10, 2022) was a Chinese-born American geographer and writer. He was one of the key figures in human geography and an important originator of humanistic geography.

Human geography
Human geography, also known as anthropogeography, is a branch of geography that studies how people interact with places. It focuses on the spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, people, lifestyle and their environments.  Examples include patterns like urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. It looks at how social interactions connect with the environment using both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) methods. This multidisciplinary field draws from sociology, anthropology, economics, and environmental science, helping build a more complete understanding of how human activity shapes the spaces we live in.
Red Road (film)
Red Road is a 2006 psychological thriller film directed by Andrea Arnold and starring Kate Dickie, Tony Curran, Martin Compston, and Natalie Press. It tells the story of a CCTV security operator who observes a man from her past through her monitors. It is named after, and partly set at, the Red Road Flats in Balornock, Glasgow, Scotland, which were the tallest residential buildings in Europe at the time they were built. It was shot largely in a Dogme 95 style, using handheld cameras and natural light. The Observer polled several filmmakers and film critics who voted it as one of the best British films in the last 25 years.

Red Road is the first film in Advance Party, a projected trilogy following a set of rules dictating how the films will be written and directed. They will all be filmed and set in Scotland, using the same characters and cast. Each film will be made by a different first-time director.

Martin Compston
Martin Compston is a Scottish actor and former professional footballer. He plays Anti-Corruption Unit Detective Inspector Steve Arnott in the BBC drama Line of Duty, Liam in Ken Loach's Sweet Sixteen, Paul Ferris in The Wee Man, Ewan Brodie in Monarch of the Glen,  and Dan Docherty in The Nest.
Henry Maudsley
Henry Maudsley FRCP (5 February 1835 – 23 January 1918) was a pioneering English psychiatrist, commemorated in the Maudsley Hospital in London and in the annual Maudsley Lecture of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

John Conolly
John Conolly (27 May 1794 – 5 March 1866) was an English psychiatrist. He published the volume Indications of Insanity in 1830. In 1839, he was appointed resident physician to the Middlesex County Asylum where he introduced the principle of non-restraint into the treatment of the insane, which led to non-restraint became accepted practice throughout England. With colleagues he founded the 'Provincial Medical and Surgical Association', and founded the 'British and Foreign Medical Review, or, A Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine'.
Sakai Tadatsugu
Sakai Tadatsugu (酒井忠次; 1527 – 17 December 1596) was a military commander who served Tokugawa Ieyasu in the late Sengoku period  as the highest-ranking general in the Tokugawa clan along with Ishikawa Kazumasa. Tadatsugu is also regarded as one of the Four Guardians of the Tokugawa (Tokugawa-Shitennō), along with Honda Tadakatsu, Ii Naomasa, and Sakakibara Yasumasa. He is also included as one of the Tokugawa 16 divine generals (Tokugawa jūrokushinshō). His official title was Sakai Saemon-no-jo Tadatsugu.

Tadatsugu was also allegedly involved in the conspiracy that caused the death of Lady Tsukiyama and her son, Matsudaira Nobuyasu.

Matsudaira Nobuyasu
Matsudaira Nobuyasu (松平 信康; 13 April 1559 – 5 October 1579) was the eldest son of Matsudaira Ieyasu. His tsūshō ("common name") was Jirōzaburō (次郎三郎). He was also called "Okazaki Saburō" (岡崎 三郎), because he had become the lord of Okazaki Castle (岡崎城) in 1570. Because he was a son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, he is often referred to, retroactively, as Tokugawa Nobuyasu (徳川 信康).
James Ford Rhodes High School
James Ford Rhodes High School is located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, in the west-side neighborhood known as Old Brooklyn.  It is part of the Cleveland Metropolitan School District and is commonly referred to as "Rhodes High School."

The school was named for the American industrialist and historian James Ford Rhodes.

James Ford Rhodes
James Ford Rhodes (May 1, 1848 – January 22, 1927), was an American industrialist and historian born in Cleveland, Ohio. After earning a fortune in the iron, coal, and steel industries by 1885, he retired from business to devote time to historical research. He wrote a seven-volume history of the United States from 1850, initially published from 1893 to 1906 with an eighth volume added in 1920. Another book, A History of the Civil War, 1861–1865 (1918), won the second-ever Pulitzer Prize for History.
Mallardo clan
The Mallardo clan is a Camorra clan operating from the town of Giugliano in Campania, north of the city of Naples. The Mallardo clan is also one of the clans that belongs to the Secondigliano Alliance, that is considered by the authorities as the most powerful Camorra group that is still active.

Casalesi clan
The Casalesi clan is a clan within the Camorra, an Italian criminal organization, operating from San Cipriano d'Aversa in the Province of Caserta. Formed by Antonio Bardellino, it is a confederation of clans in the Caserta area. The Casalesi clan is believed to be one of the most powerful groups within the Camorra, specialising in construction and keeping a lower profile than clans that focus on drug dealing.
Strabane Weekly News and Tyrone & Donegal Reporter
The Strabane Weekly News and Tyrone & Donegal Reporter is a local paper published in the border town of Strabane, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland and covers the west of the county. The paper also covers the area of east Donegal in the Republic of Ireland, in particular the hinterland of the town of Lifford, which is located across the River Mourne, on the other side of the border, from Strabane. The paper sells well in Raphoe and in St Johnston. The publication is owned by the Alpha Newspaper Group and has a current circulation of 3,382.

Alpha Newspaper Group
Alpha Newspaper Group is a media group, primarily involved in local newspaper publishing and radio broadcasting, in Northern Ireland. The company's headquarters are in Moygashel near Dungannon, County Tyrone.
Gribeauval system
The Gribeauval system (French: système Gribeauval, pronounced [sistɛm ɡʁiboval]) was an artillery system introduced by Lieutenant General Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval during the 18th century. This system revolutionized French cannons, with a new production system that allowed lighter, more uniform guns without sacrificing range. The Gribeauval system superseded the Vallière system beginning in 1765. The new guns contributed to French military victories during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. The system included improvements to cannons, howitzers, and mortars. The Year XI system partly replaced the field guns in 1803 and the Valée system completely superseded the Gribeauval system in 1829.

Year XI system
The Year XI system (French:"Système An XI", after of the 11th year of the French Republic, i.e. 1803) was a French artillery system developed during the rule of Napoleon. The Year XI system was original in that it brought various improvements to the highly successful Gribeauval system, on which many successes of the Napoleonic Wars relied. It especially consisted in streamlining the existing Gribeauval designs. The main proponent of the new system was General Marmont.  It was superseded by the Valée system.
Chloral hydrate
Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl3C−CH(OH)2. It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in use in the United States until at least the 1970s. It sometimes finds usage as a laboratory chemical reagent and precursor. It is derived from chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde) by the addition of one equivalent of water.

Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula CHCl3 and a common solvent. It is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Chloroform was once used as an inhalational anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).
Compass Card (San Diego)
The Compass Card (Spanish: Tarjeta Compass) was the first-generation smart card used for automated fare collection on public transport services within San Diego County, California. Administered by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), it was valid on a number of different travel systems in San Diego County including MTS buses, the San Diego Trolley, North County Buses, the Coaster and the Sprinter. The system was operated by Cubic Transportation Systems. Phased out over the third quarter of 2021, it was discontinued on August 31, and its successor, Pronto, launched the following day.

Pronto (smart card)
Pronto (stylized as PRONTO) is the contactless payment system for automated fare collection on public transit services in San Diego County, California. The system is managed by the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS) and operated by INIT.

Pronto is valid on all services operated by MTS and the North County Transit District (NCTD). It launched on September 1, 2021, replacing the first-generation Compass Card system.
Battle of Byzantium
The Battle of Byzantium (Byzantion) was a 317 BC engagement between the generals Antigonus Monopthalmus and Cleitus the White, during the Second War of the Diadochi. Fought over the course of two days, near Byzantium at the Hellespont, it resulted in a stunning Antigonid victory.

Second War of the Diadochi
The Second War of the Diadochi was the conflict between the coalition of Polyperchon (as Regent of the Empire), Olympias and Eumenes and the coalition of Cassander, Antigonus, Ptolemy and Lysimachus following the death of Cassander's father, Antipater (the old Regent).
Francis Thomas Bacon
Francis Thomas "Tom" Bacon OBE FREng FRS (21 December 1904 – 24 May 1992) was an English engineer who in 1932 developed the first practical hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell. It is used to generate power for space capsules and satellites.

Bacon was awarded an OBE by Queen Elizabeth II in the 1967 New Year Honours. In 1976, Bacon was a founder fellow of the Fellowship of Engineering (now the  Royal Academy of Engineering), the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

Royal Academy of Engineering
The Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) is the United Kingdom's national academy of engineering.

The Academy was founded in June 1976 as the Fellowship of Engineering with support from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who became the first senior fellow and remained so until his death. The Fellowship was incorporated and granted a royal charter on 17 May 1983 and became the Royal Academy of Engineering on 16 March 1992. It is governed according to the charter and associated statutes and regulations (as amended from time to time). In June 2024 His Majesty the King became Patron of the Academy.
Cynthia Irwin-Williams
Cynthia Irwin-Williams (April 14, 1936 – June 15, 1990) was an archaeologist of the prehistoric American Southwest.  She received a B.A. in Anthropology from Radcliffe College in 1957; the next year she received a M.A. in the same field.  In 1963 she completed her educational career in Anthropology with a PhD. from Harvard University.  Beginning her career in the 1950s, Irwin-Williams was considered a groundbreaker for women in archaeology, like her friend and supporter Hannah Marie Wormington.

Hannah Marie Wormington
Hannah Marie Wormington (September 5, 1914 – May 31, 1994) was an American archaeologist known for her writings and fieldwork on southwestern and Paleo-Indians archaeology over a long career that lasted almost sixty years.
Alfred Korzybski
Alfred Habdank Skarbek Korzybski (/kɔːrˈzɪbski, kəˈʒɪpski/ ⓘ kor-ZIB-skee, kə-ZHIP-skee; Polish: [ˈalfrɛt kɔˈʐɨpskʲi]; July 3, 1879 – March 1, 1950) was a Polish-American philosopher and independent scholar who developed a field called general semantics, which he viewed as both distinct from, and more encompassing than, the field of semantics. He argued that human knowledge of the world is limited both by the human nervous system and the languages humans have developed, and thus no one can have direct access to reality, given that the most we can know is that which is filtered through the brain's responses to reality. His best known dictum is "The map is not the territory". Many of his ideas were presented in his book Science and Sanity (1933).

Science and Sanity
Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics is a 1933 philosophy book written by Alfred Korzybski (1879–1950). Published by the Institute of General Semantics, it remains in print, the sixth edition released in 2023. It's considered Korzybski's magnum opus. It was by this book's influence that general semantics became known to the public. In some countries, the book is already in the public domain.
Chris Jent
Christopher Matthew Jent (born January 11, 1970) is an American basketball coach and former player who serves as the associate head coach for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA).  He was formerly the head coach of the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League, and had a stint as an assistant coach at the Los Angeles Lakers as well.

Motor City Cruise
The Motor City Cruise are an American professional basketball team in the NBA G League based in Detroit, and are affiliated with the Detroit Pistons. The Cruise play their home games at Wayne State Fieldhouse. The franchise began play as the Long Beach Jam in 2003 under the revived American Basketball Association and moved to Bakersfield in the D-League in 2006 as the Bakersfield Jam. After ten years in Bakersfield, California, the franchise was moved to Prescott Valley, Arizona, in 2016 by the Phoenix Suns and were subsequently renamed the Northern Arizona Suns. In 2021, the team relocated to Detroit after being purchased by the Pistons.
Consuelo Araújo
Consuelo Inés Araújo Noguera (1 August 1940 – 30 September 2001), also known as "La Cacica", was a Colombian politician, writer and self-taught journalist. Her nickname was given by a fellow journalist colleague for her tenacity and determination to achieve goals and leadership.

Her most notable achievement was the creation of one of the most important cultural and musical events of Colombia, the Vallenato Legend Festival, which promoted her beloved Vallenato music.

She was kidnapped by the FARC on 24 September 2001 on the outskirts of Valledupar and was killed six days later by this guerrilla group to prevent her from being rescued by the Colombian Army on 30 September 2001 during a heavy military operation.

Vallenato Legend Festival
The Vallenato Legend Festival (Spanish: Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata) is one of the most important musical festivals in Colombia. The festival features a vallenato music contests for best performer of accordion, caja vallenata and guacharaca, as well as piqueria (battle of lyrics) and best song. It's celebrated every year in April in the city of Valledupar, Department of Cesar.
Herbert E. Balch
Herbert Ernest Balch (4 November 1869 – 27 May 1958) MA FSA was an English archaeologist, naturalist, caver and geologist who explored the caves of the Mendip Hills and pioneered many of the techniques used by modern cavers. Born in Wells, he gained a scholarship to The Blue School before leaving school at the age of 14 to become a messenger for Wells Post Office.

Balch became interested in stratigraphy and cave archaeology after attending a talk by William Boyd Dawkins. Balch led much of the exploration through the caves near Wookey Hole village, discovering and mapping many caves. He also made discoveries of artefacts used by the people who lived in the caves during the Iron Age. Balch was a founder member of the Wells Natural History and Archaeology Society and through the society he founded the Wells Museum, largely including his own collection of artefacts.

Caves of the Mendip Hills
The caves of the Mendip Hills are formed by the particular geology of the Mendip Hills: large areas of limestone worn away by water makes it a national centre for caving. The hills conceal the largest underground river system in Britain.
Williamsville North High School
Williamsville North High School, known locally as "North" or "Will North", is a public high school in the Williamsville Central School District of Williamsville, New York.  It is one of three high schools in the district, alongside Williamsville East High School and Williamsville South High School. The school offers a comprehensive program with multi-level instruction in many academic areas. Andrew Bowen has been the principal since 2024.

Williamsville South High School
Williamsville South High School is a high school located in Williamsville, New York, a suburb of Buffalo, New York. South is one of three high schools in the Williamsville Central School District, along with Williamsville North High School and Williamsville East High School.
Bosnian Rainbows
Bosnian Rainbows was an American rock band from El Paso, Texas, formed in 2012. The band consists of former the Mars Volta members Omar Rodríguez-López (guitar, backing vocals) and Deantoni Parks (drums, keyboards), alongside Le Butcherettes vocalist Teri Gender Bender and Nicci Kasper of KUDU and We Are Dark Angels (keyboards).

Initially billed as a variation on the Omar Rodriguez Lopez Group, the band was formed following a decision to put Rodriguez-Lopez's primary project, The Mars Volta, on hiatus.

Teri Gender Bender
Teresa Suárez Cosío, commonly known by her stage name Teri Gender Bender, is an American singer and musician, known primarily as the founding member, lead singer, and guitarist of Guadalajara-based rock band Le Butcherettes since 2007. With Omar Rodríguez-López, she is a member of Bosnian Rainbows (founded in 2012), Crystal Fairy (founded in 2016), Kimono Kult, and in 2025 joined The Mars Volta for their live performances of Lucro Sucio; Los Ojos del Vacio after having fronted a reunited De Facto for a one-off in 2024.  Her performance persona and artistry have been compared to Björk, Siouxsie Sioux, Karen O, and the first artistic stage of Gloria Trevi.
Video CD
Video CD (abbreviated as VCD, also known as Compact Disc Digital Video, abbreviated as CDDV) is a home video format and the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm (4.7 in) optical discs.  The format was widely adopted in nearly all of Asia (except for Japan and South Korea), superseding the VHS and Betamax systems in those regions until DVD-Video became more affordable in the 2000s.

The format is a standard digital data format for storing video on a compact disc. VCD discs/disc images are playable in dedicated VCD players and widely playable in most DVD players, personal computers and some video game consoles with an optical disc drive that is programmed to understand VCD discs.

The Video CD standard was created in 1993
by Sony, Philips, Matsushita and JVC; it is referred to as the White Book standard. The MPEG-1 format was also released that same year.

Optical disc drive
In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from certain discs, while other drives can both read and record. Those drives are called burners or writers since they physically burn the data onto the discs. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives.

Although most laptop manufacturers no longer have optical drives bundled with their products, external drives are still available for purchase separately.
Golui
Golui (Bengali: গলুই) is a 2022 Bangladeshi periodical romantic film directed by SA Haque Alik and co-produced by Khorshed Alam Khosru. It has been made on the basis of the traditional boat race of rural Bengal and the life of the people of a vast village. The film stars Shakib Khan, Puja Cherry, Azizul Hakim and Suchorita in the lead roles. The cast also includes Fazlur Rahman Babu, Suchorita, Ali Raj, Jhuna Chowdhury, Somu Chowdhury in supporting roles.

The filming began on September 23, 2021 Mirzapur, Tangail. The film was then released on May 3, 2022 on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr. The film won the National Film Awards twice at the 47th National Film Awards, Khorshed Alam Khosru jointly won Best Story with Faridur Reza Sagor and SA Haque Olike won for Best Dialogue.

Puja Cherry
Puja Cherry Roy (born 20 August 2002) is a Bangladeshi film actress and model. She debuted as a child actress in the film Moner Ghore Bosot Kore (2011), though her scenes were cut from the final release. Her first released role was in Bhalobashar Rong (2012), followed by her lead role debut in the Indo-Bangladesh joint production film Noor Jahaan (2018). She gained prominence for her role as Pori in PoraMon 2 (2018), earning the Meril Prothom Alo Award for Best Actress. She has also acted in promotional advertising. She is widely regarded as the most popular and successful Bangladeshi actress of this time.
George Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Georg Albrecht of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Bayreuth, 20 March 1619 – Schretz, 27 September 1666), was a German prince and member of the House of Hohenzollern.

He was the eighth of the nine children of Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, by his wife, Marie of Prussia. He was last child of his parents who survived into adulthood; his younger brother Frederick William, born in 1620, lived only one day.

Bayreuth
Bayreuth (German pronunciation: [ˈbaɪʁɔʏt] ⓘ or [baɪˈʁɔʏt] ⓘ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, pronounced [ba(ː)ˈɾaɪ̯t]) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.