hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bond v. United States (2014)
Bond v. United States, 572 U.S. 844 (2014), follows up on the Supreme Court's 2011 case of the same name in which it had reversed the Third Circuit and concluded that both individuals and states can bring a Tenth Amendment challenge to federal law. The case was remanded to the Third Circuit, for a decision on the merits, which again ruled against Bond. On appeal, the Supreme Court reversed and remanded again, ruling that the Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998 did not reach Bond's actions and she could not be charged under that federal law.

Bond v. United States (2011)
Bond v. United States, 564 U.S. 211 (2011), is a case before the Supreme Court of the United States in which the court held that people, just like states, may have standing to raise Tenth Amendment challenges to a federal law.

The issue arose in the prosecution of an individual under the federal Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act for a local assault that used a chemical irritant. The defendant argued, in part, that the application of the law violated the Constitution's federalism limitations on the statutory implementation of treaties by Congress.

Having decided the defendant could bring the constitutional challenge, the Court remanded the case without deciding the merits of the claims.
Shalmaneser III
Shalmaneser III (Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 859 BC to 824 BC.

His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the Babylonians, the nations of Mesopotamia, Syria, as well as Kizzuwadna and Urartu. His armies penetrated to Lake Van and the Taurus Mountains; the Neo-Hittites of Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of Hamath and Aram Damascus were subdued. It is in the annals of Shalmaneser III from the 850s BC that the Arabs and Chaldeans first appear in recorded history.

Hama
Hama (Arabic: حَمَاة Ḥamāh, [ħaˈmaː]) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria. It is located 213 kilometres (132 mi) north of Damascus and 46 km (29 mi) north of Homs. It is the provincial capital of the Hama Governorate, which is the only Governorate with no land borders with any foreign countries. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is one of the four largest cities in Syria, with Damascus, Aleppo and Homs. Hama is known for its cheese-making tradition, notably reflected in a signature local dessert Halawet el Jibn.

The city is renowned for its seventeen norias used for watering the gardens, which are claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for irrigation, the norias are used purely for show today and currently serve no direct purpose, being used as a tourist attraction and a symbol of the city, also this city is popular in protest during the assad regime (ex: Yalla Erhal Ya Bashar (song)
Ek Hi Raasta (1939 film)
Ek Hi Raasta (Hindi: एक ही रास्ता, The Only Way) is a 1939 Hindi social film directed by Mehboob Khan. The director of photography was Faredoon Irani with story by Babubhai A. Mehta and Wajahat Mirza. The film was produced by Sagar Movietone. The cast included Arun Kumar Ahuja, Sheikh Mukhtar, Anuradha, Kanhaiyalal and Harish. This was the debut film of Sheikh Mukhtar, who went on to act in and direct several successful films, and Arun Kumar Ahuja, a prominent actor in the 1940s. Ek Hi Raasta  is a film about wrongs of society and its laws. It was one of the early Hindi films to make a noticeable application of WW II.

Sheikh Mukhtar
Sheikh Mukhtar (24 December 1914 – 12 May 1980) was a film actor active in India and later in Pakistan.

A tall and manly figure, who stood slightly under 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), Sheikh Mukhtar played a variety of film roles, from leading roles in many of Mehboob Khan's productions to characters roles later on, mostly the roles of villains.
Baldha Garden
Baldha Garden is a botanical garden which spans 3.15 acres (1.27 ha) of land located at Wari in the old part of the city of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. It has a collection of 672 species of plants.
The Baldha Garden is now managed as a satellite unit of the National Botanical Garden by the Department of Forestry.

Baldha Garden is one of the oldest botanical gardens in Bangladesh. The garden is enriched with rare plant species collected from different parts of the world.

Visitors expressed dismay in July 2024, over a fivefold increase in entry fee to the garden.

National Botanical Garden of Bangladesh
The National Botanic Garden of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh National Herbarium make up the largest plant conservation center in Bangladesh, with an area of around 84 hectares (210 acres). It is located at Mirpur-2 in Dhaka - 1216, beside the Bangladesh National Zoo. It was established in 1961. It is a botanic garden, a knowledge center for nature lovers and botanists and a tourist destination. The herbarium has a scientific collection of approximately 100,000 preserved specimens of plants.

Baldha Garden which is in the Wari area of Dhaka is administratively part of the National Garden.
La Garçonne (1936 film)
La Garçonne (The Bachelor Girl or The Flapper) is a 1936 French black-and-white film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Victor Margueritte. It was directed by Jean de Limur and starred Marie Bell (in the title role), Arletty and Edith Piaf.

Jean de Limur
Jean de Limur (13 November 1887, Vouhé, Charente-Maritime – 5 June 1976, Paris) was a French film director, actor and screenwriter. His works include La Garçonne (1936) and The Letter (1929). A French army officer and a designer, he first came to the United States with his parents, Count and Countess de Limur in September 1920; their destination was Burlingame, California, where lived Jean's brother André (who married Ethel, daughter of William Henry Crocker).
Old School Prankstas
Old School Prankstas is the debut album by New Zealand hip-hop group, 3 The Hard Way released in 1995. The success of the number one single "Hip Hop Holiday" led to the release of the album.

According to author Philip Hayward, the band "maintained a commercial, accessible sound" suggesting they got to the top of the charts "the easy way".

Hip Hop Holiday
"Hip Hop Holiday" is the debut single from New Zealand hip hop group 3 The Hard Way. It reached #1 in the New Zealand singles chart and #17 in Australia. A mid-song reggae breakdown was provided by Bobbylon of the Hallelujah Picassos.
Unitary Socialist Party (Romania)
The Unitary Socialist Party (Romanian: Partidul Socialist Unitar, abbreviated P.S.U.) was a political party in Romania, formed in 1933 through the merger of the Independent Socialist Party (PSI) and the Socialist Party (led by Constantin Popovici). PSU was a small party but played an important role within the left-wing movement, especially through its repeated attempts to promote unity between the Communist Party (PCR) and Social Democratic Party (PSD). PSU was affiliated with the London-based International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Unity.

Socialist Workers Party of Romania
The Socialist Workers Party of Romania (Romanian: Partidul Socialist al Muncitorilor din România, PSMR), later renamed the Independent Socialist Party of Romania (Partidul Socialist Independent din România, PSIR), was a political party in Romania. The party was founded in Bucharest on 15 July 1928, as a leftist splinter group of the Social Democratic Party, formed by a minority that opposed the cooperation with the National Peasants' Party.
Aydar Lake
The Aydar Lake (Uzbek: Aydar Ko‘li, Айдар кўли; Haydar ko‘li, Ҳайдар кўли; alternate spellings: Lake Aydarkul, Lake Aidarkul) is part of the man-made Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes, which covers 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 mi2). This has 3 brackish water lakes (the two others being Arnasay and Tuzkan), deep basins of the south-eastern Kyzyl Kum (now in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan). The lakes are expansive reservoirs of Soviet planning.

Being brackish rather than saline they have high rates of evaporation, prompting a moist summer microclimate, often attracting rain clouds, which has led to the replenishment of the North Aral Sea. It is also known as sea in the sand due to its wide sandy beaches and clean salty water.

Tuzkan Lake
Lake Tuzkan (Uzbek: Tuzkon, Cyrillic: Тузкан) also known as Tuzkansee, former endorheic (drainless) lake located in southeastern Kyzylkum, Uzbekistan. It lies within the territory of Jizzakh Region (Viloyat Jizzax) and forms part of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, which collectively spans an area of approximately 4,000 km².
SKE48
SKE48 (S.K.E. Forty-eight) is a Japanese idol group produced by Yasushi Akimoto. SKE48 is named after the Sakae district in Nagoya of Aichi Prefecture, where the group is based. The group performs at SKE48 Theater on 2F of Sunshine Sakae, a shopping center in Sakae, Nagoya. Avex Group is its current official label. The group has sold nearly 11 million CDs in Japan.

Sakae, Nagoya
Sakae (栄) is an area in Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. It refers to the areas around Sakae intersection, Sakae Station on the Nagoya Municipal Subway and Sakae Station on the Meitetsu Seto Line. Sakae is in the heart of Nagoya and is, along with Nagoya Station, one of Nagoya's main commercial districts.
Pablo Larraín
Pablo Larraín Matte (Spanish pronunciation: [laraˈin]; born 19 August 1976) is a Chilean filmmaker. He is known for directing films such as The Club (2015), Neruda (2016), Jackie (2016), Spencer (2021), El Conde (2023), and Maria (2024). His 2012 film No was the first Chilean film nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards, while Larraín and his brother Juan de Dios co-produced Sebastián Lelio's A Fantastic Woman (2017), which became the first film from Chile to win the Oscar in that category. In 2021, Larraín directed the Apple TV+ psychological romance horror miniseries Lisey's Story.

The Club (2015 film)
The Club (Spanish: El Club) is a 2015 Chilean drama film directed, co-produced and co-written by Pablo Larraín. It was screened in the main competition of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Jury Grand Prix. It was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.
Alaska Highway News
Alaska Highway News was the paper of record for Fort St. John, the North Peace River region, and Dawson Creek in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Founded in 1943 by Margaret Lally "Ma" Murray, it was largely under corporate ownership for the rest of its 80-year-old publication history before being shuttered by Glacier Media in 2023. A year later the paper was purchased and relaunched by Todd Buck.

Glacier Media
Glacier Media (renamed Lodestar Media on May 1, 2025) is a Canadian business information and media products company. It provides news, market information and sector-specific data within North America and internationally.

Glacier is headquartered in Vancouver. Its primary operations are in Canada as well as London, England. It is publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company provides news, data and analysis in a range of business sectors. These sectors include: Agriculture, Energy, Mining, Real Estate and Environmental Risk. Glacier also owns community newspapers and websites in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Royal Air Force Rugby Union
The Royal Air Force Rugby Union (RAFRU) was formed in 1918 to administer the playing of rugby union in the Royal Air Force. It fields a representative side that competes in the Inter-Services tournament with the Army Rugby Union and the Royal Navy Rugby Union.

Army Rugby Union
The Army Rugby Union (ARU) is the governing body for rugby union in the British Army and a constituent body of the Rugby Football Union (RFU). The ARU was formed on 31 December 1906 and marked the fulfilment of Lieutenant J. E. C. "Birdie" Partridge's (Welch Regiment) idea to have a body to administer the playing of rugby union in the British Army.

It fields a team that competes in the competitions, such as the Inter-Service Championship which includes the Army Navy Match.
Eric Alexander (jazz saxophonist)
Eric Alexander (born August 4, 1968) is an American jazz saxophonist, composer, and educator. Having placed second at the 1991 Thelonious Monk International Jazz Saxophone Competition behind Joshua Redman and ahead of Chris Potter and Tim Warfield, he was soon signed by a record label and has since recorded over 20 albums as a leader and over 300 as a sideman.

Mike LeDonne
Michael Arthur LeDonne (born October 26, 1956) is an American jazz pianist, organist, composer, and educator. Having played with Benny Goodman, Milt Jackson, and Benny Golson in various stages of his career, he now leads several of his own groups and frequently performs around the world.
The High Sign/One Week
The High Sign/One Week: Music for the Films of Buster Keaton is an album by the guitarist Bill Frisell, released on the Elektra Nonesuch label. It was released in 1995 and features performances by Frisell, bassist Kermit Driscoll and drummer Joey Baron. The album is designed as accompaniment to Buster Keaton's first two silent film classics, The High Sign (1921) (tracks 1–9) and One Week (1920) (tracks 10–19). It was released at the same time as another album by Frisell of Keaton soundtracks,  Go West: Music for the Films of Buster Keaton (1995).

Kermit Driscoll
James "Kermit" Driscoll (born March 4, 1956) is an American jazz bassist. He is known for his long association with guitarist Bill Frisell in the 1980s and '90s. Driscoll has worked in many genres and music settings: Broadway, classical, jazz, folk, rock, film, and television. He has taught at SUNY Purchase College and Sarah Lawrence College.
Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company Office
Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company Office, also known as Stevens Cottage, is a historic office building located at Shenandoah, Page County, Virginia. It was built in 1891, as an office for the Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company.  It is a 1+1⁄2-story, Shingle Style cottage with a projecting front gable, a deeply recessed porch, and inset rectangular stucco panels resembling half-timbering.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.  It is included as a contributing property in the Shenandoah Historic District.

Shenandoah Historic District
Shenandoah Historic District is a national historic district located at Shenandoah, Page County, Virginia. The district includes 451 contributing buildings, 3 contributing sites, and 4 contributing structures in the town of Shenandoah.  They include residential, commercial, and institutional buildings in a variety of popular late-19th century and early-20th century architectural styles.  Notable buildings include the Eagle Hotel and annex, Norfolk and Western Railway YMCA, Shenandoah General Store (c. 1920), Fields United Methodist Church, Christ United Methodist Church, St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Norfolk and Western Railway Station (c. 1915), and Shenandoah High School. Located in the district is the separately listed Shenandoah Land and Improvement Company Office.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Timofey Mayakin
Major General Timofey Konstantinovich Mayakin (Russian: Тимофей Константинович Маякин; born on 21 March 1969) is a Russian military conductor who is currently serving as the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia. Mayakin was appointed to this position in August 2016, following the retirement of Lieutenant General Valery Khalilov, who would also be killed in the Black Sea in December of that year.

Valery Khalilov
Valery Mikhailovich Khalilov (Russian: Валерий Михайлович Халилов; 30 January 1952 – 25 December 2016) was an Uzbek-born Russian military band conductor and composer. A lieutenant general in the Russian military, he was the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia and Chief Military Conductor, most famously conducting the massed Russian military bands at the annual "Victory Day" parade held in the Moscow's Red Square a record 14 times. He died when the plane he was on, en route to Syria, crashed into the Black Sea off Sochi, Russia.
Ansel Adams Wilderness
The Ansel Adams Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada of California, United States. The wilderness spans 231,533 acres (93,698 ha); 33.9% of the territory lies in the Inyo National Forest, 65.8% is in the Sierra National Forest, and the remaining 0.3% covers nearly all of Devils Postpile National Monument. Yosemite National Park lies to the north and northwest, while the John Muir Wilderness lies to the south.

Inyo National Forest
Inyo National Forest is a United States National Forest covering parts of the eastern Sierra Nevada of California and the White Mountains of California and Nevada. The forest hosts several superlatives, including Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States; Boundary Peak, the highest point in Nevada; and the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, which protects the oldest living trees in the world. The forest, encompassing much of the Owens Valley, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as a way of sectioning off land to accommodate the Los Angeles Aqueduct project in 1907, making the Inyo National Forest one of the least wooded forests in the U.S. National Forest system.
Ape Entertainment
Ape Entertainment, also known as Ape Comics, was an American independent comic book publisher that operated from 2003 to c. 2015.

The company began by publishing original limited series and graphic novels, many with mature themes; it later pivoted and became known for its family-friendly titles as well as cross-media properties such as comics based on video games. Ape Entertainment formed licensing deals with DreamWorks Animation, American Greetings, Harvey Comics, and Sesame Workshop; producing comics featuring Kung Fu Panda, Madagascar, Megamind, Shrek, Strawberry Shortcake, Richie Rich, Casper the Friendly Ghost, and Sesame Street.

Richie Rich (character)
Richie Rich Jr. (often stylized as Ri¢hie Ri¢h) is a fictional character in the Harvey Comics universe. He debuted in the comic book Little Dot #1, cover-dated September 1953, and was created by Alfred Harvey with artists Warren Kremer and/or Steve Muffatti. Dubbed "the poor little rich boy", Richie is the only child of fantastically wealthy parents and is the world's richest kid. He is so rich, his middle name is a dollar sign, $.

During Harvey Comics' heyday from 1950 to 1982, Richie was the publisher's most popular character, eventually starring in over 50 separate titles, including the long-running comics Richie Rich, Richie Rich Millions, Richie Rich Dollars and Cents, and Richie Rich Success Stories.

In 2011, Ape Entertainment began publishing a new licensed Richie Rich comic book series, taking the character in a very different, action-oriented, direction.
Sammamish, Washington
Sammamish (/səˈmæmɪʃ/ sə-MAM-ish) is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 67,455 at the 2020 census. Located on a plateau, the city is bordered by Lake Sammamish to the west and the Snoqualmie Valley to the east. Sammamish is situated 20 miles east of Seattle, is a member of the Eastside, and is a part of the Seattle metropolitan area.

King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,269,675 in the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Washington, and the 12th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle, also the state's most populous city.

Originally named after US representative, senator, and then vice president-elect William R. King in 1852, the county government amended its designation in 1986 to honor Martin Luther King Jr., a prominent activist and leader during the civil rights movement. The change was approved by the state government in 2005.

It is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle metropolitan area along with Snohomish County to the north and Pierce County to the south. About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs, which largely developed in the late 20th century and early 21st century as bedroom communities before becoming job centers for the technology industry.
1966 Oklahoma gubernatorial election
The 1966 Oklahoma gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1966, and was a race for Governor of Oklahoma. Republican Dewey F. Bartlett defeated Democrat Preston J. Moore and Independent H. E. Ingram.

John Newbold Camp unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination, while former governor Raymond D. Gary, then-Tulsa County district attorney and future governor David Hall, attorney general Charles R. Nesbitt, and former state senator Keith Cartwright unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination.

After this election, no Republican would be elected Governor of Oklahoma for 20 years.

Keith Cartwright
Keith Cartwright was an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives between 1946 and 1948 and the Oklahoma Senate between 1948 and 1960. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Governor of Oklahoma in 1966.
Battle of Khalkhyn Temple
The Battle of Khalkhyn Temple (Mongolian: Халхын сүмийн мөргөлдөөн Khalkhyn sümiin mörgöldöön; Chinese: Halhamiao Incident, 哈爾哈廟事件; Japanese ハルハ廟事件 Haruhabyō-jiken) of 1935 was one of the border conflicts between the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan and Manchukuo which occurred from 1932 to 1939. The incident took place on the border of Manchukuo and Mongolia near the Buddhist temple of Khalkhyn (Temple of Khalkha), located northeast of Buir Lake in present-day Inner Mongolia, China. Scores of the cavalry of the Mongolian People's Army engaged with patrol units of the Manchukuo Imperial Army and Japanese soldiers.

Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
The Soviet–Japanese border conflicts were a series of minor and major conflicts fought between the Soviet Union (led by Joseph Stalin), Mongolia (led by Khorloogiin Choibalsan) and Japan (led by Hirohito) in Northeast Asia from 1932 to 1939.

The Japanese expansion in Northeast China created a common border between Japanese-occupied Manchuria and the Soviet Far East. This led to growing tensions with the Soviet Union, with both sides often engaging in border violations and accusing the other of doing so. The Soviets and Japanese, including their respective client states of Mongolia and Manchukuo, fought in a series of escalating small border skirmishes and punitive expeditions from 1935 until Soviet-Mongolian victory over the Japanese in the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol, which resolved the dispute and returned the borders to status quo ante bellum.

The Soviet–Japanese border conflicts heavily contributed to the signing of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact in 1941.