hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cliodynamics
Cliodynamics (/ˌkliːoʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/) is a transdisciplinary area of research that integrates cultural evolution, economic history/cliometrics, macrosociology, the mathematical modeling of historical processes during the longue durée, and the construction and analysis of historical databases.

Cliodynamics treats history as science. Its practitioners develop theories that explain such dynamical processes as the rise and fall of empires, population booms and busts, and the spread and disappearance of religions. These theories are translated into mathematical models. Finally, model predictions are tested against data. Thus, building and analyzing massive databases of historical and archaeological information is one of the most important goals of cliodynamics.

Historical dynamics
Historical dynamics broadly includes the scientific modeling of history.  This might also be termed computer modeling of history, historical simulation, or simulation of history - allowing for an extensive range of techniques in simulation and estimation.  Historical dynamics does not exist as a separate science, but there are individual efforts such as long range planning, population modeling, economic forecasting, demographics, global modeling, country modeling, regional planning, urban planning and many others in the general categories of computer modeling, planning, forecasting, and simulations.

Some examples of "large" history where historical dynamics simulations would be helpful include; global history, large structures, histories of empires, long duration history, philosophy of history, Eurasian history, comparative history, long-range environmental history, world systems theory, non-Western political and economic development, and historical demography.
Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025
Austria was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 with the song "Wasted Love", written by Johannes Pietsch, Teodora Špirić, and Thomas Thurner, and performed by Pietsch himself under his stage name JJ. The Austrian participating broadcaster, Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), internally selected its entry for the contest, which it ultimately won.

Wasted Love
"Wasted Love" is the debut single by Austrian singer JJ. The song was released on 6 March 2025 and was written by JJ himself alongside Teodora Špirić and Thomas Thurner. It represented Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025, where it won the contest with 436 points. In the process, the song became the first winning song for Austria since Conchita Wurst's victory in 2014 with "Rise Like a Phoenix".

It is described by JJ as a song that describes his own personal experiences with unrequited love and its conflicting feelings between pain and beauty. The song drew positive reception in most critical reviews, receiving praise for its musical composition and JJ's vocal abilities. After the song's victory in the contest, "Wasted Love" enjoyed commercial success in numerous countries, peaking at number one in its native Austria and Greece, within the top five in Lithuania and Switzerland, and within the top ten in five additional countries. It was also certified gold by IFPI Austria.
Target Luna
Target Luna was a British television serial broadcast by ABC Weekend TV in April 1960. It was written by Malcolm Hulke and Eric Paice, directed by Adrian Brown and produced by Sydney Newman who later co-created Doctor Who for the BBC. The first serial featured Frank Finlay as Conway Henderson and Michael Craze as Geoffrey Wedgwood. The success of the Target Luna spawned three sequels: Pathfinders in Space (September 1960), Pathfinders to Mars (December 1960 – January 1961) and Pathfinders to Venus (March 1961), starring Gerald Flood and Stewart Guidotti in the recast roles, as Henderson and Geoffrey respectively.

Frank Finlay
Francis Finlay (6 August 1926 – 30 January 2016) was an English actor. He earned an Academy Award nomination for his performance as Iago in Othello (1965). His first leading television role came in 1971 in Casanova. This led to appearances on The Morecambe and Wise Show. Finlay starred alongside famous Italian actress Stefania Sandrelli in Tinto Brass' The Key, the most successful Italian film of the 1983–1984 season. He also appeared in the drama Bouquet of Barbed Wire. A four-time BAFTA nominee, Finlay won one for his television performances in 1974.
Return of the Killer Tomatoes
Return of the Killer Tomatoes! is a 1988 American parody film directed by John De Bello. The first sequel to the 1978 film Attack of the Killer Tomatoes, the film stars Anthony Starke, Karen Mistal, and John Astin, as well as George Clooney in an early role. Like its predecessor, Return of the Killer Tomatoes was largely panned by critics. It has been described as a cult film.

Karen M. Waldron
Karen Waldron (née Mistal) is an American film and television actress and producer.

Originally from upstate New York, she has studied with several notable conservatories including The Edgemar, The Improv, Darryl Hickman and The Charles Conrad Studio. Her credits include The New Adventures of Beans Baxter as well as a recurring role on Coach. Film credits include Space Cowboys, Return of the Killer Tomatoes, and Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death. She was an executive producer of the Hallmark movie The Note.
Lonnie Brooks
Lonnie Brooks (born Lee Baker Jr., December 18, 1933 – April 1, 2017) was an American blues singer and guitarist. The musicologist Robert Palmer, writing in Rolling Stone, stated, "His music is witty, soulful and ferociously energetic, brimming with novel harmonic turnarounds, committed vocals and simply astonishing guitar work." Jon Pareles, a music critic for the New York Times, wrote, "He sings in a rowdy baritone, sliding and rasping in songs that celebrate lust, fulfilled and unfulfilled; his guitar solos are pointed and unhurried, with a tone that slices cleanly across the beat. Wearing a cowboy hat, he looks like the embodiment of a good-time bluesman." Howard Reich, a music critic for the Chicago Tribune, wrote, "...the music that thundered from Brooks' instrument and voice...shook the room. His sound was so huge and delivery so ferocious as to make everything alongside him seem a little smaller."

Long John Hunter
John Thurman Hunter Jr. (July 13, 1931 – January 4, 2016), known by the stage name Long John Hunter, was an American Texas blues and electric blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He released seven albums in his own name, and in his later years found critical acknowledgement outside of his homeland. Hunter's best known tracks are "El Paso Rock" and "Alligators Around My Door", the latter of which Hunter co-wrote with Bruce Iglauer.
Carlos Pellegrín
Carlos Eduardo Pellegrín Barrera S.V.D. (born 28 July 1958) is a native of Chile and a former bishop of the Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Chillán from 2006 to 2018.

He is the subject of an investigation into sexual abuse and failure to report accusations of abuse to civil authorities.

Diocese of San Bartolomé de Chillán
The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Bartolomé de Chillán (Latin: Sancti Bartholomaie de Chillán) is a diocese located in the city of Chillán in the ecclesiastical province of Concepción in Chile. (The diocese name was changed on 1 November 2017.)
Zahari Baharov
Zahari Emilov Baharov (Bulgarian: Захари Емилов Бахаров) is a Bulgarian actor, best known for portraying the roles of Moth in Zift (2008), Ivo Andonov in the BNT series Undercover (2011–2016), and Loboda in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2015).

Undercover (Bulgarian TV series)
Undercover (Bulgarian: Под Прикритие, romanized: Pod Prikritie, pronounced [ˈpɔt priˈkritiɛ]) is a Bulgarian crime drama television series produced by Bulgarian National Television that premiered on BNT 1 on 17 April 2011. On 20 March 2016, the fifth season premiered on BNT 1. It was announced that it was the final season of the series.

In February 2024 BNT 1 announced that they will start filming a new sixth season of the series. It is expected to broadcast in 2025.

The series tells the story of the undercover police officer Martin Hristov (Ivaylo Zahariev), who infiltrates the gang of Bulgarian mafia boss Petar 'Dzaro' Tudzharov (Mihail Bilalov).
Ibrahima Sonko
Ibrahima Sonko (born 22 January 1981) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a centre back.

Sonko moved to France from Senegal at a young age and began his career with Olympique Noisy-le-Sec and AS Saint-Étienne, before turning professional with Grenoble. In 2002 Sonko moved to English side Brentford where he spent two seasons before moving to Reading in 2004. Sonko spent four seasons with the Royals and helped them gain promotion to the Premier League in 2005–06. Following their relegation, Sonko joined Stoke City for a fee of £2 million in August 2008. However, he failed to establish himself in the first team at Stoke and spent time out on loan at Hull City and Portsmouth before being released. He spent the 2011–12 season with Ipswich Town and then played for Turkish side Akhisar Belediyespor from 2012 until 2015.

Akhisarspor
Akhisarspor Kulübü (lit. 'Akhisar Sports Club'), commonly known as Akhisarspor, is a Turkish professional football club located in the city of Akhisar. Formed in 1970, Akhisarspor are nicknamed Akigo. The club has a fierce rivalry with Turgutluspor and Manisaspor.

Akhisarspor had their first major success in 2012 when they won the TFF First League and as a result were promoted to the Süper Lig. On 10 May 2018, Akhisarspor won their first professional trophy, the 2017–18 Turkish Cup. On 5 August 2018, they won the Turkish Super Cup by beating Galatasaray on penalties.
Robert P. Armstrong
Robert Patrick Armstrong KC (born March 7, 1938) is a Canadian lawyer and retired judge. He served on the Court of Appeal for Ontario from 2002 until his retirement in 2013. Before serving on the bench, Armstrong was a partner at Torys and was lead counsel in the Dubin Inquiry on steroid use in Canadian sports. After leaving the bench, Armstrong joined Arbitration Place, a Canadian group specializing in alternative dispute resolution.

Torys
Torys LLP is a Canadian international corporate law firm with offices in Toronto, Calgary, New York, Montreal and Halifax. The firm acts for a wide range of commercial clients and financial institutions in Canada, the United States, and globally.
Kate Atkinson (writer)
Kate Atkinson MBE (born 20 December 1951) is an English writer of novels, plays and short stories.  She has written historical novels, detective novels and family novels, incorporating postmodern and magical realist elements into the plots. Her debut, Behind the Scenes at the Museum, won the Whitbread Book Award, the precursor to the Costa Book Award, in 1995. The novels Life After Life and A God in Ruins won the Costa Book Award for novel in 2013 and 2015. She is also known for the Jackson Brodie series of detective novels, which has been adapted into the BBC One series, Case Histories.

A God in Ruins (Atkinson novel)
A God in Ruins is Kate Atkinson's ninth novel, published in 2015. The main character, Teddy Todd, is the younger brother of Ursula Todd, the protagonist in Atkinson's 2013 novel, Life After Life. Atkinson calls it the "companion piece" rather than a sequel to the earlier novel. The first book spans half a century, including World War II; the second is set entirely within it. It won the Costa Book Award for Novel in 2015.
Double Dare (film)
Double Dare is a 2004 documentary film about stuntwomen, specifically Jeannie Epper and Zoë Bell, directed by Amanda Micheli. The documentary follows Epper and Bell over several years, Epper from 1997 and Bell from the end of Xena: Warrior Princess in 2001, to 2003.

Zoë Bell
Zoë E. Bell (born 17 November 1978) is a New Zealand stuntwoman and actress. Some of her most notable stunt-work includes doubling for Lucy Lawless in Xena: Warrior Princess and for Uma Thurman in Kill Bill.

As an actress, Bell has appeared on television and in feature-films; she has starred in the web series Angel of Death. She is probably most recognized for playing herself in the Quentin Tarantino film Death Proof. In 2015, she appeared in an acting role in Tarantino's film The Hateful Eight, and in 2019 appeared in an acting role in Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood in addition to her role as stunt coordinator and stuntwoman.

She was Cate Blanchett's stunt double in the 2017 release Thor: Ragnarok.
Richard Adams (businessman)
Richard John Adams OBE (born 28 October 1946) is a British businessman and social entrepreneur. He is the founder of the UK fair trade organisations Tearcraft and Traidcraft and of a number of social enterprises which promote environmentally responsible and ethical business.

Traidcraft
Traidcraft was a UK-based Fairtrade organisation, established in 1979. Its trading arm, Traidcraft plc, which sold fairly traded products, went into administration in January 2023.

Transform Trade is a development charity which was renamed from Traidcraft Exchange in September 2022. It had become independent from the original Traidcraft organisation in 2018. Transform Trade continues to operate independently.

Traidcraft was a co-founder of the Fairtrade Foundation.
Werenfried van Straaten
Werenfried van Straaten, born Philippus Johannes Hendricus van Straaten O. Praem. (17 January 1913 – 31 January 2003), was a Dutch Catholic priest and social activist. He was a Premonstratensian priest expatriate in Germany, who became known for his charitable work across the world. He was the founder of the Catholic charity Aid to the Church in Need.

Aid to the Church in Need
Aid to the Church in Need (German: Kirche in Not, Italian: Aiuto alla Chiesa che Soffre, French: Aide à l'Eglise en détresse, Latin : Auxilium Patienti Ecclesiae) is an international Catholic pastoral aid organization, which yearly offers financial support to more than 5,000 projects worldwide.

Aid to the Church in Need's General Secretariat and Project Headquarters is in Königstein, Germany. With 23 national offices, Aid to the Church in Need provides aid to Catholic communities in around 140 countries around the world. In 2021 the foundation funded 5298 projects in 132 countries; in 2023 it funded 5,573 projects in 138 countries, and in 2024 it funded 5,335 projects in 138 countries.
Richard Rogers
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (23 July 1933 – 18 December 2021) was a British-Italian architect noted for his modernist and constructivist designs in high-tech architecture. He was the founder at Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, previously known as the Richard Rogers Partnership, until June 2020. After Rogers' retirement and death, the firm rebranded to simply RSHP on 30 June 2022.

Rogers was perhaps best known for his work on the Pompidou Centre in Paris, the Lloyd's building and Millennium Dome, both in London, the Senedd building, in Cardiff, and the European Court of Human Rights building, in Strasbourg. He was awarded the RIBA Gold Medal, the Thomas Jefferson Medal, the RIBA Stirling Prize, the Minerva Medal, and the 2007 Pritzker Prize.

Lloyd's building
The Lloyd's building (sometimes known as the Inside-Out Building) is the home of the insurance institution Lloyd's of London. It is located on the former site of East India House in Lime Street, in London's main financial district, the City of London. The building is a leading example of radical Bowellism architecture in which the services for the building, such as ducts and lifts, are located on the exterior to maximise space in the interior.

In 2011, twenty-five years after its completion in 1986 the building received Grade I listing; at this time it was the youngest structure ever to obtain this status. It is said by Historic England to be "universally recognised as one of the key buildings of the modern epoch". Its innovation of having key service pipes and other components routed outside the walls has led to very expensive maintenance costs due to their exposure to the elements.
Rowan Robinson
Rowan Robinson is an English actress. On television, she is known for her roles in the ITV thriller Passenger (2024), the Angel fantasy series The Wayfinders (2025–) and the final series of the Sky Max comedy Brassic (2025). She also appeared in the film A Haunting in Venice (2023).

A Haunting in Venice
A Haunting in Venice is a 2023 British mystery film produced and directed by Kenneth Branagh from a screenplay by Michael Green, loosely based on the 1969 Agatha Christie novel Hallowe'en Party. The third installment of the Hercule Poirot film series, it is a sequel to the 2017 film Murder on the Orient Express and the 2022 film Death on the Nile. The ensemble cast includes Branagh reprising his role as Hercule Poirot, alongside Kyle Allen, Camille Cottin, Jamie Dornan, Tina Fey, Jude Hill, Ali Khan, Emma Laird, Kelly Reilly, Riccardo Scamarcio, and Michelle Yeoh.

A Haunting in Venice premièred at the Odeon Luxe Leicester Square cinema in London on 11 September 2023, and was subsequently released theatrically in the United States on 15 September by 20th Century Studios. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $122.3 million worldwide.
Two Sides of Peter Banks
Two Sides of Peter Banks is the debut album by ex-Yes, Flash, and Syn guitarist Peter Banks. It features contributions from members of several progressive rock bands, including Genesis (Phil Collins and Steve Hackett), King Crimson (John Wetton) and Flash (Ray Bennett and Mike Hough). Banks had previously been the guitarist of Yes, before being replaced by Steve Howe; after being fired from Yes in 1970 he formed Flash, which ran from 1971 till 1973.

Peter Banks
Peter William Brockbanks (15 July 1947 – 7 March 2013), known professionally as Peter Banks, was an English guitarist. He was the original guitarist in the rock bands Yes, Flash, and Empire; he was also a guitarist for The Syn. Banks has been described as "the architect of progressive music".
Mary Delany
Mary Delany, earlier Mary Pendarves (née Granville; 14 May 1700 – 15 April 1788) was an English artist, letter-writer, and bluestocking, known for her "paper-mosaicks", botanic drawing, needlework and her lively correspondence.

Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland
Margaret Cavendish Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (11 February 1715 – 17 July 1785) was the richest woman in Great Britain of her time, styled Lady Margaret Harley before 1734, Duchess of Portland from 1734 to her husband's death in 1761, and Dowager Duchess of Portland from 1761 until her own death in 1785.

The duchess, an heiress on a huge scale had the largest natural history collection in the country, complete with its own curator, the parson-naturalist John Lightfoot, and the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander. Her collection included costly art objects such as the Portland Vase. Her ambition for her collection was for it to contain and to describe every living species.

She was a member of the Blue Stockings Society, a group of social intellectuals led by women and founded by her great friend Elizabeth Montagu.
Regular isotopy
In the mathematical subject of knot theory, regular isotopy is the equivalence relation of link diagrams that is generated by using the 2nd and 3rd Reidemeister moves only.  The notion of regular isotopy was introduced by Louis Kauffman (Kauffman 1990). It can be thought of as an isotopy of a ribbon pressed flat against the plane which keeps the ribbon flat.  For diagrams in the plane this is a finer equivalence relation than ambient isotopy of framed links, since the 2nd and 3rd Reidemeister moves preserve the winding number of the diagram (Kauffman 1990, pp. 450ff.).  However, for diagrams in the sphere (considered as the plane plus infinity), the two notions are equivalent, due to the extra freedom of passing a strand through infinity.

Ambient isotopy
In the mathematical subject of topology, an ambient isotopy, also called an h-isotopy, is a kind of continuous distortion of an ambient space, for example a manifold, taking a submanifold to another submanifold. For example in knot theory, one considers two knots the same if one can distort one knot into the other without breaking it. Such a distortion is an example of an ambient isotopy.

More precisely, let  and  be manifolds and  and  be embeddings of  in .  A continuous map

is defined to be an ambient isotopy taking  to  if
each  is a homeomorphism from  to itself,  is the identity map and . This implies that the orientation must be preserved by ambient isotopies. For example, two knots that are mirror images of each other are, in general, not equivalent.
Urzelina
Urzelina is a civil parish in the municipality of Velas in the Portuguese islands of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 902, in an area of 13.69 km². It is situated near the south coast of the island of São Jorge.  It is alternately known as São Mateus, to which the parish was named after its patron saint.

Velas, Azores
Velas (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvɛlɐʃ] ⓘ) is a municipality in the São Jorge Island, in the Portuguese autonomous region of Azores. The municipality encompasses the western portion of the island, with its municipal seat in the town of Velas on the south coast, and is divided into six parishes. The population in 2011 was 5,398, in an area of 117.38 km².
Wild in the Streets (Helix album)
Wild in the Streets is the sixth album by the rock band Helix, released in 1987.

The album went gold in the band's native Canada, but only managed a disappointing #179 on the Billboard 200 in the United States. The band would lose their U.S. deal with Capitol Records soon after.

The power ballad "Dream On" is a cover of a 1982 song by Nazareth. "She's Too Tough" was written in 1985 by Def Leppard vocalist Joe Elliott.
Def Leppard's version of the song was intended at one time to be on their Hysteria album, but it was wasn't released until 1992 when it appeared on as a bonus track on some editions of their Adrenalize album, and the following year on their 1993 Retro Active album.

The original Canadian cassette issue of this album came in a glow-in-the-dark cassette shell.

Dream On (Nazareth song)
"Dream On" is a song recorded by the Scottish rock band Nazareth, and released on the studio album 2XS in 1982, and later as a single in early 1983. Initially written by Billy Rankin and recorded as a demo in 1979, with an additional verse being penned by Manny Charlton in 1982 during the recording of 2XS, "Dream On" became one of their most popular tracks. In 1987 Helix covered this song and it appeared on their album, Wild in the Streets.
Chris Curtis (fighter)
Christopher Alan Curtis (born July 15, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist and former boxer. He currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2009, he has also competed for the Professional Fighters League (PFL).

Anthony Hernandez
Anthony Hernandez (born October 18, 1993) is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2014, he has also competed with Global Knockout and Legacy Fighting Alliance. As of February 24, 2026, he is #6 in the UFC middleweight rankings.
Andrés Reséndez
Andrés Reséndez is a historian at the University of California, Davis. His specialties are Mexican history, early exploration and colonization of the Americas and the Pacific Ocean, and borderlands history.

In 2017, Reséndez won the Bancroft Prize in American History and Diplomacy for The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America.

The Other Slavery
The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America is a book about slavery among Native Americans and the European enslavement of Indigenous Americans. It was written by Andrés Reséndez and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2016.