hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
USRA standard
The USRA standard locomotives and railroad cars were designed by the United States Railroad Administration, the nationalized rail system of the United States during World War I.  1,870 steam locomotives and over 100,000 railroad cars were built to these designs during the USRA's tenure. The locomotive designs in particular were the nearest the American railroads and locomotive builders ever got to standard locomotive types, and after the USRA was dissolved in 1920 many of the designs were duplicated in number, 3,251 copies being constructed overall.  The last steam locomotive built for a Class I railroad in the United States, an 0-8-0 built by the Norfolk and Western Railway in 1953, was a USRA design.  A total of 97 railroads used USRA or USRA-derived locomotives.

0-8-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-8-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and no trailing wheels. Locomotives of this type are also referred to as eight coupled.
Gerard de Canville
Gerard de Camville (died 1214), was an Anglo-Norman landowner and administrator who was a loyal supporter of King Henry II of England and of his son King John, and through his wife obtained the posts of sheriff of Lincolnshire and constable of Lincoln Castle.

Nicola de la Haie
Nicola de la Haie (born c. 1150; d. 1230), of Swaton in Lincolnshire, (also written de la Haye) was an English landowner and administrator who inherited from her father not only lands in both England and Normandy but also the post of hereditary constable of Lincoln Castle. On her own, she twice defended the castle against prolonged sieges. After the death of her second husband in 1214, she continued to hold the castle until she retired on grounds of old age in 1226.

On 18 October 1216, she was also appointed sheriff of Lincolnshire by King John.
Perth Festival
Perth Festival, named Perth International Arts Festival (PIAF) between 2000 and 2017, and sometimes referred to as the Festival of Perth, is Australia's longest-running cultural festival, held annually in Western Australia. The program features contemporary and classical music, dance, theatre, performance, literature and ideas, visual arts, large-scale public works. The main events of the festival take place every year, from February to March and the film program now known as Lotterywest Films runs from November to April, as part of the Perth Festival.

Perth Festival takes place and various indoor and outdoor venues across Perth. The festival is run by UWA in partnership with the state government and the Perth City Council. From 2004, the Festival carried Lotterywest branding, and Lotterywest was acknowledged as the Festival's "principal partner".

The artistic director for 2025 to 2028 is Anna Reece.

Lotterywest
Lotterywest was established in 1932 as the Lotteries Commission of Western Australia, to run the lottery in Western Australia. It is referred to in the legislation as the Lotteries Commission. It distributes profits to a number of community beneficiaries, via both government departments and directly to not-for-profit organisations. It is a major supporter of the Perth Festival, with the film festival component of it known as Lotterywest Films.
Athavanad
Athavanad  is a village and Gram Panchayath in the Tirur Taluk, in the Malappuram District of the state of Kerala, India. The town lies on the National Highway 66, between Puthanathani and Valanchery. Puthanathani is the main town of the Athavanad village and the village office is located in Athavanad Para & Kurumbathoor. Nearby towns include Valanchery, Tavanur, Tirunavaya, and Kuttippuram,

Kuttippuram
Kuttippuram is a town and a block headquarters, situated in the Tirur Taluk, Malappuram district of Kerala state, India. The town is located 34 kilometres south-west of Malappuram and 8 kilometres west of Valanchery. The Bharathappuzha river flows through Kuttippuram. According to the last Census of India conducted in 2011, Kuttippuram forms a part of the Malappuram metropolitan area.
EMD SD28
An EMD SD28 is a 6-axle diesel locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between July 1965 and September 1965.  Power was provided by an EMD 567D1 16-cylinder engine which generated 1,800 horsepower (1.34 MW). This locomotive was basically a non-turbocharged version of the EMD SD35. 6 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads.

A passenger variant, type SDP28, was built for export to Korea in May 1966, with 6 delivered.

EMD SD35
The EMD SD35 is a model of 6-axle diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between June 1964 and January 1966.  Power was provided by an EMD 567D3A, 16-cylinder engine which generated 2,500 brake horsepower (1,900 kW). A 3,000-US-gallon (11,000 L; 2,500 imp gal) fuel tank was used on this unit. This locomotive model shared a common frame with the EMD SD28, giving it an overall length of 60 feet 8+1⁄2 inches (18.504 m). 360 examples of this locomotive model were built for American railroads.
Bavarian Ministry of the Interior
The Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, Sport and Integration (German: Bayerisches Staatsministerium des Innern, für Sport und Integration) is the interior ministry of Bavaria. It is headquartered in Munich, and was established on November 21, 1806 as the Departement des Innern. The first Minister of the Interior was Count Maximilian von Montgelas (until 1817).

Since October 16, 2007, Joachim Herrmann (CSU) has been Minister of the Interior.

On September 1st, 2024, the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior uploaded a video on their official X (formerly twitter) account which contained a number of seemingly Islamophobic tropes and imagery. The post has since been deleted from their account.

Joachim Herrmann (CSU)
Joachim Herrmann (born 21 September 1956) is a German politician. He is a member of the CSU party. Herrmann is an MP in the Landtag, the parliament of Bavaria since 1994. Since 16 October 2007 he has been Minister of the Interior of the state of Bavaria.
Anna and Elizabeth
Anna and Elizabeth (German: Anna und Elisabeth) is a 1933 German drama film directed by Frank Wisbar and starring Dorothea Wieck, Hertha Thiele and Mathias Wieman. The film reunited Wieck and Thiele who had starred in Mädchen in Uniform together two years earlier, "in yet another tragic story with a lesbian subtext."

The film's sets were designed by Heinrich Beisenherz and Fritz Maurischat.

Hertha Thiele
Hertha Thiele (8 May 1908 – 5 August 1984) was a German actress. She is noted for her starring roles in then controversial stage plays and films produced during Germany's Weimar Republic and the early years of the Third Reich. After the post-war partition of Germany, Thiele became a television star in East Germany. She is best  remembered for her portrayal of Manuela in the lesbian-themed film Mädchen in Uniform (1931).
Nobody Has to Know (film)
Nobody Has to Know is a 2021 drama film written and directed by Bouli Lanners. The film stars Michelle Fairley, Lanners, Cal MacAninch, Clovis Cornillac, and Julian Glover. It follows Philippe Haubin, a middle-aged man who suffered a stroke, causing him to lose his memory. Millie MacPherson, who takes care of him, tells him falsely that they were secretly in love before his accident.

The film had its world premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival. At the 12th Magritte Awards, Nobody Has to Know received seven nominations, winning Best Film and Best Director for Lanners.

Michelle Fairley
Michelle Fairley is a Northern Irish actress. She is best known for playing Catelyn Stark in the HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2013). She has since appeared in the USA Network series Suits (2013), the Fox series 24: Live Another Day (2014), the RTÉ miniseries Rebellion (2016), the science fiction series The Feed (2019), the Sky Atlantic crime drama Gangs of London (2020–present), and the Netflix series How to Get to Heaven from Belfast (2026).
Newtown, Connecticut
Newtown (/ˈnutaʊn/ NOO-town) is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the Greater Danbury area as well as the New York metropolitan area. Newtown was founded in 1705, and later incorporated in 1711. As of the 2020 census, its population was 27,173. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.

Hattertown, Connecticut
Hattertown is a village in the town of Newtown, Connecticut, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Hattertown Historic District and includes a smaller local historic district.
John Brandenberg
John Brandenberg is a former member of the Ohio General Assembly.  Brandenberg was originally elected in 1972, and reelected in 1974.  However, in 1976, former Rep. Thomas Pottenger opted to run for Bradenberg's seat, creating a primary for the Republican nomination.  As a result, Brandenberg was defeated for a third term, and Pottenger went on to win the general election. Prior and after his stint in the House, Brandenberg practiced private law.

Thomas Pottenger
Thomas Alexander Pottenger (June 9, 1920 – October 24, 2003) was an American politician. He was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. Originally elected to the House in 1968, Pottenger served two terms before losing the primary election to Richard Finan, much due to an unpopular vote regarding taxes. However, he made a comeback in 1976 by doing the same to fellow Republican John Brandenberg.

In 1990, Pottenger resigned from his House seat to take a position on the Ohio Employment Relations Board. He would serve on the SERB for a number of years in the Nineties. Pottenger died in 2003.
General Government of Belgium
The Imperial German General Government of Belgium (German: Kaiserliches Deutsches Generalgouvernement Belgien) was a German Army occupation administration which administered one of the three separate occupation zones established in German-occupied Belgium during the First World War.

Flamenpolitik
Flamenpolitik (lit. 'Flemish policy') is a policy practiced by German authorities occupying Belgium during World War I and World War II.  The ultimate goals of these policies was the dissolution of Belgium into separate Walloon and Flemish components and Germanisation.

The German authorities aimed to exploit the longstanding linguistic problems in Belgium, particularly the systematic discrimination towards the Dutch language that existed before World War I.  The policy was also based on Pan-Germanism. The German policy of fostering separatism in Flanders was a failure because it did not win popular support.
Bedele Zuria
Bedele nanowa is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Illubabor Zone, Bedele Zuria is bordered on the south by Gechi, on the southwest by Chora, on the west by Dega, on the north by the southern exclave of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region, on the northeast by the Didessa River which separates it from the Misraq Welega Zone, and on the southeast by Gechi. Towns in Bedele Zuria include Bedele. Bedele Zuria, Chewaka, Dabo Hana woredas and Bedele town were part of former Bedele woreda.

Gechi
Gechi is one of the woredas in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Part of the Buno Bedele Zone, Gechi is bordered on the south by Didessa, on the east by the Jimma Zone, on the north by Bedele, and on the east by the Didessa River which separates it from the Jimma Zone. Gechi town is the administrative center of Gechi woreda. Borecha woreda was part of Gechi.

Coffee is an important cash crop of this woreda. Between 20 and 50 square kilometers are planted with this crop.

This woreda was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2004 as one of several areas for voluntary resettlement for farmers from overpopulated areas. Gechi became the new home for a total of 17,395 heads of households and 2048 total family members.
Castle of Ventimiglia
The castle of Ventimiglia (or castle of Bonifato) is an ancient four towers castle which was built at the end of the 14th century by the Ventimiglia family on the top of Mount Bonifato near Alcamo (inside Nature Reserve Bosco di Alcamo), Sicily, southern Italy.

Alcamo
Alcamo (Italian: [ˈalkamo]; Sicilian: Àrcamu [ˈaɾkamʊ]) is the fourth-largest town and municipality of the Province of Trapani, Sicily, with a population of 44,925 inhabitants. It is in the north-west of the island, on the border of the Metropolitan City of Palermo, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Palermo and Trapani.

The current municipality covers an area of 130.79 km2 (50.50 sq mi) and it is the second most densely populated in the province of Trapani, after Erice.

Alcamo is bounded by the Tyrrhenian Sea on the north, Balestrate and Partinico on the east, Camporeale on the south and Calatafimi-Segesta and Castellammare del Golfo on the west. Its main hamlet is Alcamo Marina, about 6 km (4 mi) from the town centre.
Together with other municipalities is a participant in the Associazione Città del Vino, the Patto dei Sindaci movement, the Progetto Città dei Bambini project, Rete dei Comuni Solidali and Patto Territoriale Golfo di Castellammare.
2005 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector by-elections
The 2005 Election Committee subsector by-elections were held on 1 May 2005 to fill the 33 vacancies in 17 subsectors of the Election Committee for electing the Hong Kong Chief Executive in the Chief Executive election in following March.

Election Committee (Hong Kong)
The Election Committee is the electoral college in Hong Kong that selects the Chief Executive (CE) and, since 2021, elects 40 of the 90 members of the Legislative Council. Established by Annex I of the Basic Law of Hong Kong which states that "the Chief Executive shall be elected by a broadly representative Election Committee in accordance with this Law and appointed by the Central People's Government (State Council)." It is formed and performs its selection function once every five years, even in the event of a CE not completing their term. The membership of the Election Committee was expanded to 1,500 under the massive overhaul of the electoral system in 2021. The Election Committee has been criticised for its "small-circle" electoral basis and its composition favouring pro-Beijing and business interests.
2016 Hawaii Bowl
The 2016 Hawaii Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game  played on December 24, 2016, at Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, Hawaii.  The fifteenth edition of the Hawaii Bowl featured the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors from the Mountain West Conference against the Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders from Conference USA.  It began at 3:15 p.m. HST and aired on ESPN.  It was one of the 2016–17 bowl games that concluded the 2016 FBS football season.

2016 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team
The 2016 Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football team represented Middle Tennessee State University as a member of the East Division of Conference USA (C-USA) during the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Led by 11th-year head coach Rick Stockstill, the Blue Raiders compiled an overall record of 8–5 with a mark of 5–3  in conference play, placing third in the C-USA's East Division. Middle Tennessee was invited to the  Hawaii Bowl, where they lost to Hawaii.. The team played home games at Johnny "Red" Floyd Stadium in Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Sign function
In mathematics, the sign function or signum function (from signum, Latin for "sign") is a function that has the value −1, +1 or 0 according to whether the sign of a given real number is positive or negative, or the given number is itself zero. In mathematical notation the sign function is often represented as  or .

Heaviside step function
The Heaviside step function, or the unit step function, usually denoted by H or θ (but sometimes u, 1 or 𝟙), is a step function named after Oliver Heaviside, the value of which is zero for negative arguments and one for positive arguments.  Different conventions concerning the value H(0) are in use. It is an example of the general class of step functions, all of which can be represented as linear combinations of translations of this one.

The function was originally developed in operational calculus for the solution of differential equations, where it represents a signal that switches on at a specified time and stays switched on indefinitely. Heaviside developed the operational calculus as a tool in the analysis of telegraphic communications and represented the function as 1.
Dmosin Pierwszy
Dmosin Pierwszy [ˈdmɔɕin ˈpjɛrfʂɨ] ("Dmosin the first") is a sołectwo in the administrative district of Gmina Dmosin, within Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is one of three sołectwos (Dmosin, Dmosin Pierwszy and Dmosin Drugi) making up the location commonly referred to as Dmosin. It lies approximately 2 km (1 mi) west of Dmosin, 14 km (9 mi) north of Brzeziny, and 25 km (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

Dmosin
Dmosin [ˈdmɔɕin] is a village in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dmosin. It lies approximately 14 km (9 mi) north of Brzeziny and 26 km (16 mi) north-east of the regional capital Łódź. It consists of three sołectwos: Dmosin, Dmosin Pierwszy ("first Dmosin") and Dmosin Drugi ("second Dmosin").

The village has an approximate population of 1,500.
Disneymania 4
Disneymania 4 is the fourth in the Disneymania series. This is the second Disneymania album with the Disney Channel Circle of Stars (though the album just calls them "Disney Channel Stars"), with a few additions, such as Dylan and Cole Sprouse,  from The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. Other artists include Jonas Brothers, Teddy Geiger, and B5. The album became the  second highest-peaking album in the series (behind Disneymania 5 which debuted and peaked at #14), peaking at #15 on the Billboard 200 and was certified Gold by the RIAA. To date, the album has sold over 717,000 copies, according to HITS Daily Double.

Disneymania (series)
Disneymania is an American series of compilation albums of Disney songs covered by mainstream pop and/or Disney Channel artists singing their own rendition or version of the song. As of 2010, nine Disneymania albums (two being side-albums) have been released. The albums are no longer being produced.
Statue of Graf Vorontsov, Odesa
The Statue of Graf Vorontsov, Odessa, is a sculptural and former monument established in 1863 on the Sobor Square in Odesa in honor of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, Field Marshal, the General-Governor of Novorossiya Region and plenipotentiary governor of Bessarabia  who was a graf until 1845, then knyaz from 1845. The sculptor is Friedrich Brugger, the pedestal was made under the command of Sevastopol 1st guild merchant P.A. Telyatnikov. and the architect was Francesco Carlo Boffo. On 11 November 2023 the monumental status of the sculpture was scrapped.

It was the second monument in Odesa after the Statue of the Duke of Richelieu.

The statue has also been known as the statue of Vorontsov, the statue of Graf Vorontsov or the statue of Knyaz Vorontsov.

Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (Russian: Михаил Семёнович Воронцов; 30 May [O.S. 19] 1782 – 18 November [O.S. 6] 1856) was a Russian nobleman and field marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic Wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853.
Biosemiotics
Biosemiotics (from the Greek βίος bios, "life" and σημειωτικός sēmeiōtikos, "observant of signs") is a field of semiotics and biology that studies the prelinguistic meaning-making, biological interpretation processes, production of signs and codes and communication processes in the biological realm.

Biosemiotics integrates the findings of biology and semiotics and proposes a paradigmatic shift in the scientific view of life, in which semiosis (sign process, including meaning and interpretation) is one of its immanent and intrinsic features. The term biosemiotic was first used by Friedrich S. Rothschild in 1962, but Thomas Sebeok, Thure von Uexküll, Jesper Hoffmeyer and many others have implemented the term and field. The field is generally divided between theoretical and applied biosemiotics.

Insights from biosemiotics have also been adopted in the humanities and social sciences, including human–animal studies, human–plant studies and cybersemiotics.

Semiosis
Semiosis (from Ancient Greek  σημείωσις (sēmeíōsis), from  σημειῶ (sēmeiô) 'to mark'), or sign process, is any form of activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, including the production of meaning. A sign is anything that communicates a meaning, that is not the sign itself, to the interpreter of the sign. The meaning can be intentional such as a word uttered with a specific meaning, or unintentional, such as a symptom being a sign of a particular medical condition. Signs can communicate through any of the senses, visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or taste.

The term was introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) to describe a process that interprets signs as referring to their objects, as described in his theory of sign relations, or semiotics. Other theories of sign processes are sometimes carried out under the heading of semiology, following on the work of Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913).
Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha
Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha (Thai: วิชัย ศรีวัฒนประภา; born Vichai Raksriaksorn, Thai: วิชัย รักศรีอักษร; 4 April 1958 – 27 October 2018) was a Thai billionaire businessman and the founder, owner, and chairman of King Power. He was the owner of Premier League team Leicester City from 2010 until his death in a helicopter crash just outside the club's King Power Stadium in 2018.

King Power Stadium
King Power Stadium is a football stadium located in the city of Leicester, East Midlands, England, and the home of Leicester City. The stadium opened in 2002 as the Walkers Stadium and has a capacity of 32,259. The club attracted worldwide attention when they lifted the Premier League title on the site in 2016.
Dawson County, Nebraska
Dawson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 24,111. Its county seat is Lexington.

Dawson County is part of the Lexington, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Dawson County is represented by the prefix 18 (it had the 18th-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).

Lexington, Nebraska
Lexington is a city in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 10,348 at the 2020 census, making it the 16th most populous city in Nebraska. It is the county seat of Dawson County. Lexington is located in southern Nebraska, on the Platte River, southeast of North Platte. It sits along the route of U.S. Route 30 and the Union Pacific Railroad. In the 1860s, Lexington was the location of a stop along the Pony Express.