hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gerah
A gerah (Hebrew: גרה, romanized: gêrāh) is an ancient Hebrew unit of weight and currency, which, according to the Torah (Exodus 30:13, Leviticus 27:25, Numbers 3:47, 18:16), was equivalent to 1⁄20 of a standard "sacred" shekel.

A gerah is known in Aramaic, and usually in Rabbinic literature, as a ma'ah (מעה; Mishnah Hebrew pl. ma'ot "מעות" which means "coins"). It was originally a fifth of a denarius or zuz, as seen in the Torah and in Ezekiel (45:12), then became a sixth of a dinar/zuz, such as the coinage of Persian-era Yehud, which came in two denominations: approximately 0.58 gram for the ma'ah and approximately .29 gram for the half ma'ah (chatzi ma'ah). .58 × 6 = 3.48 grams, which is about the weight of a zuz/denarius based on a 14 gram shekel.

The Mishnah (1:1) and Jerusalem Talmud (1:4) in Shekalim discuss whether the kalbon (agio) which was sometimes required to be added to the half shekel annually levied for the Temple, was a "ma'ah" or a "chatzi ma'ah" (half ma'ah).

Zuz (Jewish coin)
A Zuz (Hebrew: זוז; plural זוזים zuzim) was an ancient Jewish silver coin struck during the Bar Kokhba revolt as well as a Jewish name for the various types of non-Jewish small silver coinage, used before and after the period of the revolt. The name was used from the Greek era of drachmas, through the Roman era of Denarius, and then as the quarter denomination of Bar Kokhba Revolt coinage. The Jewish insurrectionists' zuzim were overstruck on Imperial denarii or provincial drachmas of the emperors Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Trajan, and Hadrian. Four zuzim, denarii or drachmas make a shekel, a sela or a tetradrachm.
Apate
In Greek mythology, Apate (/ˈæpətiː/; Ancient Greek: Ἀπάτη Apátē) is the goddess and personification of deceit. Her mother is Nyx, the personification of the night. In Roman mythology her equivalent is Fraus (Fraud), while her male counterpart is Dolus (Deception), both considered children of Nyx and Erebus according to Cicero. Her opposite number Aletheia, the goddess of truth.

Neoplatonic philosophers such as Proclus and Plotinus discuss Eros and Aphrodite in the sense that deception (Apate) and illusion give rise to desire a moral interpretation used as an example of allegorical reasoning, where sensory beauty and desire are described as deceptive reflections.

Apate gave rise to a genus of dinosaur, Apatosaurus (/əˌpætəˈsɔːrəs/), "deceptive lizard."

Fraus
In Roman mythology, Fraus was the goddess of personification of treachery and fraud.

She was daughter of Orcus and Night (Nyx).  She was depicted with a woman's face, the body of a snake, and on her tail the sting of a scorpion.

Fraus is an alternative name for Mercury,  the god of theft (among other things). She is alternatively described as Mercury's helper.. Her Greek equivalent was Apate.
Harry Quick
Harry Vernon Quick (28 June 1941 – 19 October 2024) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1993 until 2007, representing the electorate of Franklin in Tasmania. He sat as a member of the Labor Party from 1993 to 2007, when he was expelled from the party for failing to pay his membership dues. An outspoken maverick MP, he did not contest the 2007 federal election.

Division of Franklin
The Division of Franklin is an Australian electoral division in Tasmania.

The division is the southernmost in Australia, located in southern Tasmania around the state capital, Hobart. It is non-contiguous, with the two parts of the division separated by the Division of Clark, based around central Hobart. As at the 2016 election, slightly more than half its electors are located on the eastern shore of the River Derwent, incorporating the entire City of Clarence, and the suburb of Old Beach from Brighton Council. The remaining electors in the division are drawn from the southern parts of the Kingborough Council such as Kingston, Tasmania and Blackmans Bay, generally south of the Huon Highway and including Bruny Island, and the entire Huon Valley Council.  The division also includes the southern parts of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area and Macquarie Island, neither of which have permanent populations.
Carmen from Kawachi
Carmen from Kawachi (河内カルメン, Kawachi Karumen) is a 1966 Japanese B movie directed by Seijun Suzuki for the Nikkatsu Corporation. It is Suzuki's third adaptation of a Toko Kon novel, following The Bastard and Stories of Bastards: Born Under a Bad Star.

Stories of Bastards: Born Under a Bad Star
Stories of Bastards: Born Under a Bad Star (悪太郎伝　悪い星の下でも, Akutarō den: Warui hoshi no shita demo)—also known as Born Under Crossed Stars is a 1965 Japanese film directed by Seijun Suzuki for the Nikkatsu Corporation. It was adapted from a Toko Kon novel, as Suzuki had done with its predecessor The Bastard (1963) and would do again with Carmen from Kawachi the following year.
Seax of Beagnoth
51°29′03″N 0°08′38″W﻿ / ﻿51.484202°N 0.143874°W﻿ / 51.484202; -0.143874

The Seax of Beagnoth, also known as the Thames scramasax, is a 10th-century Anglo-Saxon seax (single-edged knife).  It was found in the inland estuary of the Thames in 1857, and is now at the British Museum in London.  It is a prestige weapon, decorated with elaborate patterns of inlaid copper, brass and silver wire.  On one side of the blade is the only known complete inscription of the twenty-eight letter Anglo-Saxon runic alphabet, as well as the name "Beagnoth" in runic letters.  It is thought that the runic alphabet had a magical function, and that the name Beagnoth is that of either the owner of the weapon or the smith who forged it.  Although many Anglo-Saxon and Viking swords and knives have inscriptions in the Latin alphabet on their blades, or have runic inscriptions on the hilt or scabbard, the Seax of Beagnoth is one of only a handful of finds with a runic inscription on its blade.

Seax
A seax (Old English pronunciation: [ˈsæɑks]; also sax, sæx, sex; Latinized sachsum) is a small sword, fighting knife or dagger typical of the Germanic peoples of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages, especially the Saxons. The name comes from an Old English word for "knife".

In heraldry, the seax is a charge consisting of a curved sword with a notched blade, appearing, for example, in the coats of arms of Essex and the former Middlesex.
UTY EMU-250
The UTY EMU-250 is a high-speed electric multiple unit trainset derived from the South Korean KTX family for Afrosiyob, Uzbekistan's high-speed rail service. The trains will be manufactured in South Korea by Hyundai Rotem, and will be the first South Korean KTX trains exported overseas. This export model to Uzbekistan will be partially modified from the KTX-Eum to suit local conditions in the country.

Hyundai Rotem
Hyundai Rotem Company, often referred to as Hyundai Rotem (Korean: 현대로템; RR: Hyeondae Rotem), is a South Korean manufacturer of railway rolling stock, railway signalling,  defense products and plant equipment. It is a member of Hyundai Motor Group and has presence in more than 50 countries worldwide. As of 2024, Hyundai Rotem has more than 4,100 employees.
Justin Fontaine (racing driver)
Justin Fontaine (born October 18, 1997) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed full-time in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series, driving the No. 45 Chevrolet Silverado for Niece Motorsports.

Niece Motorsports
Niece Motorsports is an American professional stock car racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series as well as in Dirt Late Models and Late Model Stock Cars. Owned by Josh Morris & Greg Fowler, they currently field four Chevrolet Silverados: the No. 4 part-time for multiple drivers, the No. 42 full-time for Travis Pastrana, Tyler Reif, Conner Jones and Parker Eatmon, the No. 44 full-time for Andrés Pérez de Lara, and the No. 45 full-time for Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ross Chastain and Landen Lewis.
Nowhere Man (comics)
Nowhere Man is a comic limited series from Virgin Comics.

The series was an odyssey of futurist science fiction, in an epoch where man has traded privacy for safety.  It was written by Australian actor Hugh Jackman and Marc Guggenheim, who wrote stories for Wolverine and The Amazing Spider-Man and created Eli Stone, with art from Paul Gulacy.

Jackman affirmed in a bulletin that he hoped that the Nowhere Man comic would reach sufficient popularity and turn into a movie.

Marc Guggenheim
Marc Guggenheim (born September 24, 1970) is an American screenwriter, television producer, comic book writer, and novelist. He is best known as the creator of the television series Eli Stone (2008–2009), Arrow (2012–2020), and Legends of Tomorrow (2016–2022), executive producer of the animated series Tales of Arcadia (2016–2021), as well as the writer of the feature films Green Lantern (2011) and Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013).
Mainak Bhaumik
Mainak Bhaumik is a Bengali film director, documentary filmmaker and editor. He made his directorial debut with 2006 Bengali film Aamra.In 2012, he made another Bengali film Bedroom, a dark ensemble film about the new generation of young Indians. His critically and commercially successful movies are Maach Mishti & More, Bibaho Diaries, Generation Ami, Cheeni, Ekannoborti.Bhaumik was a student of film production from New York Film Academy.

Aamra
Aamra (Bengali: আমরা, lit. 'We') is a 2006 Indian Bengali-language film directed by Mainak Bhaumik. The film stars Jisshu Sengupta, Parambrata Chatterjee, and Nilanjana Sharma. The film explores the lives of six characters from diverse backgrounds and their perspectives on love and relationships.

Aamra is described as a film for the youth, about the youth, and created by the youth. It is the first sex comedy in Bengali cinema.
Electric match
An electric match is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound.

Electric matches use a bridgewire consisting of a heating element to ignite a pyrogen, which is a quantity of readily ignited pyrotechnic initiator composition.

Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives.

Pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics is the science and craft of creating fireworks, but also includes safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts (and other fasteners), parts of automotive airbags, as well as gas-pressure blasting in mining, quarrying, and demolition. This trade relies upon self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions to make heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound. The name comes from the Greek words pyr (πυρ; 'fire') and technikós (τεχνικός; 'artistic').

Improper use of pyrotechnics could lead to pyrotechnic accidents. People responsible for the safe storage, handling, and functioning of pyrotechnic devices are known as pyrotechnicians.
Shadowgun
Shadowgun is a 2011 third-person shooter video game developed and published by Madfinger Games for iOS, BlackBerry PlayBook and Android. The game was followed by successful sequels Shadowgun: DeadZone (2012) and Shadowgun Legends (2018). Shadowgun War Games, focused on team based PvP gameplay and esports, was released in 2020 and shut down in 2021. In 2013, the game was ported to Ouya and BlackBerry 10, and was also released as a pre-installed app on PlayJam's GameStick for anyone who supported the GameStick Kickstarter campaign.

Madfinger Games
Madfinger Games is a Czech publisher and developer of video games headquartered in Brno. Known as the authors of a series of games Dead Trigger, Samurai, Shadowgun, and many others. The studio is made up of experienced developers who have worked on games such as Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven, Vietcong, and Hidden & Dangerous 2.
Kashmir Singh Sohal
Kashmir Singh Sohal (1962 or 1963 – 27 June 2025) was an Indian politician and former MLA from Tarn Taran Assembly constituency. He was a member of the Aam Aadmi Party. Sohal was a doctor by profession.

Tarn Taran Assembly constituency
Tarn Taran Assembly constituency is one of the 117 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Punjab state in India. It is located in the Tarn Taran district. Kashmir Singh Sohal from Aam Aadmi Party was the MLA from Tarn Taran (Deceased on 27 June 2025), elected in 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.
Sami Kuoppamäki
Sami Kuoppamäki (born 1971) is a Finnish drummer who has been a very prolific jazz and popular music session musician after the break-up of his early-90s band, Kingston Wall. He played on the Von Hertzen Brothers album Approach in 2006 before rejoining the ex-Kingston Wall bassist Jukka Jylli in the band Zook. In 2017 he rejoined Von Hertzen Brothers, and as of 2023, is still recording and touring with them.

Approach (album)
Approach is the Finnish rock band Von Hertzen Brothers's second full-length album. The album was released on 17 May 2006 in Finland and went gold. The first single released from the album was "Let Thy Will Be Done" and the second was "Kiss a Wish".

"Approach" won the Emma award, the Finnish equivalent of the Grammy Award, for Best Rock Album of the year 2006.
Rosie Walker
Rosie Walker (born 1957) is an American former basketball player. She played college basketball for Stephen F. Austin State University. After college, she was drafted by the Nebraska Wranglers in the 1980 Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL) draft and led the team to the 1981 championship and was named the league's MVP after averaging 26.0 points and 14.4 rebounds per game.

Walker was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2001.

Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
The Women's Basketball Hall of Fame honors those who have contributed to the sport of women's basketball.  The Hall of Fame opened in 1999 in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.  It is the only facility of its kind dedicated to all levels of women's basketball.  Knoxville is known for having a large women's basketball following as well as being the home of the University of Tennessee's Lady Vols basketball team previously coached by women's coach Pat Summitt, who was part of the first class inducted.  With the 2017 Induction, the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame celebrated its 19th anniversary and added six new members to its hall, honoring 157 inductees.

Inductees may be nominated in the following categories: Coach, Veteran Coach, Player, International Player, Veteran Player, Contributor,  and Official.
Sila (mythology)
Sila (Arabic: سعلى أو سعلا أو سعلاة alternatively spelled Si'la or called Si'lat literally: "Hag" or "treacherous spirits of invariable form" pl. Sa'aali adj: سعلوة su'luwwa) is a jinn from Arabian folklore. In early sources, Sila and ghoul were synonyms, but Sila later came to mean only the female counterpart of 'ghoul'.

Sila belong to the malicious class of jinn. They are described as talented shapeshifters often appearing in human form, and female. Despite their impressive shapeshifting abilities, they can be discovered by their hybrid appearances of animals.

Accordingly, Si'lat are said to live in the desolate parts of the desert where they lead travellers and nomads astray, leading them to their deaths. They are also said to seduce and marry men or even give birth to a child from a relationship between human and jinn.

Silas are usually female and aligned to intercourse and a type of magical jinn, though not all of them are female or succubi.

Ghoul
In folklore, a ghoul (from Arabic: غول, ghūl) is a demon-like being or monstrous humanoid, often associated with graveyards and the consumption of human flesh. The concept of the ghoul originated in pre-Islamic Arabian religion. Modern fiction often uses the term to label a specific kind of monster.

By extension, the word "ghoul" is also used in a derogatory sense to refer to a person who delights in the macabre or whose occupation directly involves death, such as a gravedigger or graverobber.
Hubert Burda Media
Hubert Burda Media Holding is a German media group with headquarters in Offenburg. It originated as a small printing business, founded by Franz Burda Snr in Philippsburg, in 1903.

In 1986, the corporate group was divided up between Franz Jnr, Frieder and Hubert Burda. In the 1980s and 1990s, the company developed into a major corporation; it is now one of Germany's largest media companies. Its best-known media brands include the magazines Bunte and Superillu, the German edition of Playboy, the news magazine Focus, as well as HuffPost Germany, HolidayCheck and XING. The company also owned Immediate Media, a British magazine publishing company.

Hubert Burda
Hubert Burda (born 9 February 1940) is a German billionaire publisher. He is the owner, publisher and general partner of Hubert Burda Media, a global media company of more than 600 media products, including websites, print magazines and other brands. It operates in 20 countries, predominantly in Germany and the UK. Its brands include Focus, Bunte and Radio Times.

Burda is chairman of the conference Digital Life Design (DLD), which takes place annually in January in Munich.

As of July 2025, Forbes estimates his net worth at $4 billion.
Battle of Chickamauga order of battle: Union
The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Chickamauga of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.

Battle of Chickamauga order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Chickamauga of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the campaign.
Rusted from the Rain
"Rusted from the Rain" is the first official single by Canadian rock band Billy Talent off their album Billy Talent III. It was released on May 19, 2009.
Lead singer Ben Kowalewicz has said that the song is very "tin man-esque" and evolved from an "epic Soundgarden-like riff". The lyrics are about marital breakdown, Kowalewicz told Kerrang!: "Nowadays, I'm seeing a lot of people who got married young are now getting divorced. It seems to be a new fad. Divorce is the new black." The song was nominated for Single of the Year at the 2010 Juno Awards, but lost to Michael Bublé's "Haven't Met You Yet".

The band's cover of John Lennon's classic song "Cold Turkey", was released on the CD single, on June 30, 2009.

Cold Turkey
"Cold Turkey" is a song written by John Lennon, released as a single in 1969 by the Plastic Ono Band on Apple Records, catalogue Apples 1001 in the United Kingdom, Apple 1813 in the United States. It is the second solo single issued by Lennon and it peaked at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 14 on the UK Singles Chart. The song's first appearance on an album was Live Peace in Toronto 1969 where the song had been performed live on 13 September 1969 with Lennon reading the lyrics off a clip-board.
Unit 8604
Unit Nami 8604 (Japanese: 波8604部隊), officially the South China Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department (Japanese: 南支那防疫給水部, romanized: Nan-shina Bōekikyū Suibu), was a disease research unit under the South China Area Army of the Imperial Japanese Army. This unit extensively and secretly researched biological warfare and other subjects through human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1938 to 1945.: 307

Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department
The Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department was a department of the Imperial Japanese Army from 1936 to the dissolution of the Army in 1945. While its public mission was to prevent the spread of disease and monitor water supply, several field armies also assigned units the mission of manufacturing biological weapons. Many units also performed unethical human experimentation, such as Unit 731, in which tens of thousands of prisoners of war and civilians were tortured to death over the course of years.
Devil's Gate (2017 film)
Devil's Gate is a 2017 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Clay Staub from a screenplay by Peter Aperlo. The film stars Amanda Schull, Shawn Ashmore, Milo Ventimiglia, Bridget Regan and Jonathan Frakes.

It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 24, 2017. It was released January 5, 2018, by IFC Midnight.

Bridget Regan
Bridget Catherine Regan (/ˈriːɡənˈ/ REE-gən; born February 3, 1982) is an American actress best known for her lead roles as Kahlan Amnell in the ABC adventure romance series Legend of the Seeker (2008–10) and Sasha Cooper in the last three seasons of the TNT action drama series The Last Ship (2016–18), as well as her recurring roles as Rebecca Lowe / Rachel Turner in the USA Network police procedural drama series White Collar (2013–14), Rose Solano in The CW romantic comedy drama series Jane the Virgin (2014–19), Dottie Underwood in the ABC action adventure superhero series Agent Carter (2015–16), and as lawyer Monica Stevens in the ABC police series The Rookie (2018–present). Regan has also appeared in films such as The Babysitters (2007), John Wick (2014), and Devil's Gate (2017).
Maison Ferrand
Maison Ferrand (French pronunciation: [mɛzɔ̃ fɛʁɑ̃]) is an independent French company specialized in the production and distribution of spirits worldwide. The company's products include cognac (Cognac Ferrand), rum (Planteray) and gin (Citadelle). The company's foundation is rooted in the history of the centuries-old Ferrand family from the Cognac region. Since 2017, Maison Ferrand has been the owner of the West Indies Rum Distillery (WIRD) in Barbados, and a 1/3 shareholder of the National Rum Company of Jamaica.

Citadelle (gin)
Citadelle Gin is a French brand of gin that was first released in 1996. It is produced by Maison Ferrand in Cognac, France. It is named after the only Royal Distillery in the 18th century that was built in Dunkirk, France. It is packaged in a decorated bottle that notes each of the 19 botanicals used in its production. Its primary market is Spain.
Volume (thermodynamics)
In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state. The specific volume, an intensive property, is the system's volume per unit mass. Volume is a function of state and is interdependent with other thermodynamic properties such as pressure and temperature. For example, volume is related to the pressure and temperature of an ideal gas by the ideal gas law.
The physical region covered by a system may or may not coincide with a control volume used to analyze the system.

Specific volume
In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance (symbol: ν, nu) is  the quotient of the substance's volume (V) to its mass (m):

It is a mass-specific intrinsic property of the substance. It is the reciprocal of density ρ (rho) and it is also related to the molar volume and molar mass:

The standard unit of specific volume is cubic meters per kilogram (m3/kg), but other units include ft3/lb, ft3/slug, or mL/g.

Specific volume for an ideal gas is related to the molar gas constant (R) and the gas's temperature (T), pressure (P), and molar mass (M) as shown:

Since  and