hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Zumar
The Battle of Zumar was fought between the Islamic State and Kurdish Peshmerga troops over the city of Zumar in Nineveh province in northern Iraq. It started when IS launched an offensive on Zummar from 1–4 August 2014, resulting in its capture. On  25 October, after US airstrikes, Kurdish Peshmerga troops succeeded in recapturing the city, after an unsuccessful attempt to hold it in September.

Zummar
Zummar (Arabic: زمار, Kurdish: زوممار) also Zemar or Zumar, is both the name of an Iraqi subdistrict located in north Nineveh Governorate and of its seat, the town of Zummar. The population is a mix of Arabs and Kurds, most of whom work in agriculture. Wheat is the prime crop there.

In August 2014, Zummar subdistrict fell into ISIL's hands. In October 2014, Zummar was recaptured by the Kurdish Peshmerga. It stayed under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government until 2017, when it was captured by the Federal government of Iraq during the 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict.
The Friend's House Is Here
The Friend's House Is Here is a 2026 drama film written, directed, and produced by Hossein Keshavarz and Maryam Ataei. It stars Mahshad Bahram, Hana Mana, Farzad Karen, and Zohreh Pirnia.

The film explores the underground art scene in Tehran. It was selected for the U.S. Dramatic Competition at the 2026 Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2026.

2026 Sundance Film Festival
The 2026 Sundance Film Festival took place in Park City and Salt Lake City, Utah from January 22 to February 1, 2026. Film premieres at the festival were held from January 22 to January 27, 2026. The first selection lineup was announced on December 10, 2025. The festival would be the last Sundance Film Festival held in Utah before the festival relocates to Boulder, Colorado in 2027. Several films notably received standing ovations during the festival, including Fing, Josephine, Wicker, The Invite, Levitating, and Union County.
Armidale
Armidale is a city in the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales, Australia. Armidale had a population of 23,967 as of the 2021 census. It is the administrative centre for the Northern Tablelands region. It is approximately halfway between Sydney and Brisbane at the junction of the New England Highway and Waterfall Way.

Armidale is a rural university town, home to the University of New England (UNE). Armidale is located within the New England Renewable Energy Zone, which is expected to bring significant renewable energy development to the area.

Armidale Post Office
The Armidale Post Office is a heritage-listed post office located at 158 Beardy Street, Armidale, in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia. The post office building was designed by the NSW Colonial Architect's Office under the direction of James Barnet and, subsequently, Walter Liberty Vernon  and built in 1880 by W. Seabrook and J. T. Brown, with additions completed in 1897. The property is owned by Australia Post. The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 17 December 1999 and to the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 8 November 2011.
Mark Hollo
Mark Hollo is a Republican member of the North Carolina Senate. He represents the 45th district, including constituents in Catawba and Caldwell counties. Hollo previously served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives, who represented the state's 73rd district (including all of Alexander and Yadkin counties as well as part of Wilkes County) district from 2013 until 2015. Prior to redistricting, Hollo represented the 88th district (including all of Alexander County and part of Catawba County) from 2011 until 2013 and also from 2005 until 2007. Hollo was candidate for the 42nd district of the North Carolina Senate (which includes all of Alexander and Catawba Counties) in both 2018 and 2020, losing the Republican nomination to Andy Wells and Dean Proctor, respectively.

H. Dean Proctor
H. Dean Proctor (born c. 1942) is an American politician who served as a member of the North Carolina Senate. A Republican from Hickory, North Carolina, he represented the 45th district (which includes all of Catawba County, as well as part of Caldwell County).
Everybody Digs Bill Evans (film)
Everybody Digs Bill Evans is a 2026 biographical drama film directed by Grant Gee, written by Mark O’Halloran and based on the novel Intermission by Owen Martell. It follows the legendary musician Bill Evans (Anders Danielsen Lie). It also stars Bill Pullman, Barry Ward, Laurie Metcalf, Valene Kane and Katie McGrath.

The film had its world premiere at the main competition of the 76th Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2026, where it won the Silver Bear for Best Director.

Grant Gee
Grant Robert Gee (born 1 November 1964) is a British film maker, photographer and cinematographer. He is most noted for his 1998 documentary Meeting People Is Easy about the British alternative rock group Radiohead.
Donald Shankweiler
Donald P. Shankweiler   Archived 2006-06-26 at the Wayback Machine is an eminent psychologist and cognitive scientist who has done pioneering work on the representation and processing of language in the brain. He is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Connecticut, a Senior Scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven, Connecticut, and a member of the Board of Directors  Archived 2021-01-26 at the Wayback Machine at Haskins. He is married to well-known American philosopher of biology, psychology, and language Ruth Millikan.

Haskins Laboratories
Haskins Laboratories, Inc. is an independent research laboratory, founded in 1935 and located in New Haven, Connecticut since 1970. Many current Haskins researchers are affiliated with  Yale University's Child Study Center and/or the University of Connecticut. Haskins is a multidisciplinary and international community of researchers who conduct basic research on spoken and written language and global literacy. A guiding perspective of their research has been to view speech and language as emerging from biological processes, including those of adaptation, response to stimuli, and conspecific interaction. Haskins Laboratories has a long history of technological and theoretical innovation, from creating systems of rules for speech synthesis and development of an early working prototype of a reading machine for the blind to developing the landmark concept of phonemic awareness as the critical preparation for learning to read an alphabetic writing system.
Open Sound System
The Open Sound System (OSS) is an interface for making and capturing sound in Unix and Unix-like operating systems.  It is based on standard Unix devices system calls (i.e. POSIX read, write, ioctl, etc.). The term also sometimes refers to the software in a Unix kernel that provides the OSS interface; it can be thought of as a device driver (or a collection of device drivers) for sound controller hardware. The goal of OSS is to allow the writing of sound-based applications that are agnostic of the underlying sound hardware.

OSS was created by Hannu Savolainen and is distributed under four license options, three of which are free software licences, thus making OSS free software.

JACK Audio Connection Kit
JACK Audio Connection Kit (or JACK; a recursive acronym) is a professional sound server API and pair of daemon implementations to provide real-time, low-latency connections for both audio and MIDI data between applications. JACK was developed by a community of open-source developers led by Paul Davis (who won an Open Source Award in 2004 for this work) and has been a key piece of infrastructure and the de facto standard for professional audio software on Linux since its inception in 2002. The server is free software, licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later, while the library is licensed under LGPL-2.1-or-later.
A Woman of No Importance (1945 film)
A Woman of No Importance (Spanish: Una mujer sin importancia) is a 1945 Argentine comedy drama film of the classical era of Argentine cinema, directed by Luis Bayón Herrera and starring Mecha Ortiz, Santiago Gómez Cou, Golde Flami. The film is based on Oscar Wilde's 1894 play A Woman of No Importance with the action moved from London to Córdoba in central Argentina and was consequently "not considered a good possibility for U. S. exhibition".

Mecha Ortiz
Mecha Ortiz (née María Mercedes Varela Nimo Domínguez Castro; 1900–1987) was an Argentine actress who appeared in films between 1937 and 1981, during the Golden Age of Argentine cinema. At the 1944 Argentine Film Critics Association Awards, Ortiz won the  Silver Condor Award for Best Actress for her performance in Safo, historia de una pasión (1943), and won it again in 1946  for her performance in El canto del cisne (1945). She was known as the Argentine Greta Garbo and for playing mysterious characters, who suffered by past misfortunes in love, mental disorders, or forbidden love. Safo, historia de una pasión was the first erotic Argentine film, though there was no nudity. She also played in the first film in which a woman struck a man and the first film with a lesbian romance. In 1981, she was awarded the Grand Prize for actresses from the National Endowment for the Arts.
Aaroodam
Aaroodam is a 1983 Indian Malayalam film, directed by I. V. Sasi and produced by Rosamma George. The film stars Nedumudi Venu, Lakshmi, Seema and Adoor Bhasi in prominent roles. The film has musical score by Shyam. The film won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in 1983.

Shyam (composer)
Samuel Joseph (born 1937), better known as Shyam, is a music composer who works in Malayalam cinema.

From the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, Shyam had a prolific run as a composer in the Malayalam film industry, composing for nearly 200 films. Working with all major directors of the time, Shyam had scored for many hits of Jayan and the early films of Mammootty and Mohanlal.
Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men is a 1937 novella written by American author John Steinbeck. It describes the experiences of George Milton and Lennie Small, two displaced migrant ranch workers, as they move from place to place in California, searching for jobs during the Great Depression.

Steinbeck based the novella on his own experiences as a teenager working alongside migrant farm workers in the 1910s, before the arrival of the Okies whom he would describe in his novel The Grapes of Wrath.  The title is taken from Robert Burns' poem "To a Mouse": "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley" ("The best-laid plans of mice and men / Often go awry").

Although the book is taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censorship and book bans for vulgarity and for what some consider offensive and racist language. Consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of the 21st Century.

To a Mouse
"To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest With the Plough, November, 1785" is a Scots-language poem written by Robert Burns in 1785. It was included in the Kilmarnock Edition and all of the poet's later editions, such as the Edinburgh Edition. According to legend, Burns was ploughing in the fields at his Mossgiel Farm and accidentally destroyed a mouse's nest, which it needed to survive the winter. Burns's brother, Gilbert, claimed that the poet composed the poem while still holding his plough.
Thomas Andrew (photographer)
Thomas Andrew (19 January 1855 – 7 August 1939) was a New Zealand photographer who lived in Samoa from 1891 until his death in 1939.

Andrew took photographs that are of significant historical and cultural value including the recording on camera of key events in Samoa's colonial era such as the Mau movement, the volcanic eruption of Mt Matavanu (1905–1911) and the funeral of writer Robert Louis Stevenson.

Many of his surviving images are held in the collections of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and include landscapes and studio portraits of Samoans that went beyond the colonial stereotypes of the time.

Andrew was born in Takapuna, a suburb in Auckland on the North Island of New Zealand. He worked as a photographer in Napier. He later opened a studio in Auckland which was destroyed by fire.  In 1891, he went to Samoa where he worked with two other New Zealand photographers, Alfred James Tattersall and John Davis. He died in Apia, the capital of Samoa.

Alfred James Tattersall
Alfred James Tattersall (29 March 1866 – 25 November 1951) was a New Zealand photographer,
who lived in Samoa for most of his life and contributed a significant collection of images of the Pacific Island country and its peoples during the colonial era.
Summer of the Flying Saucer
Summer of the Flying Saucer is a 2008 Irish family film starring Robert Sheehan, Dan Colley, Hugh O'Conor, Joanne Kernan and Lorcan Cranitch. The film was directed by Martin Duffy.

Voiceover by Nicola Coughlan. The majority of the film was filmed in Kilkerrin, Co. Galway, with many people of Kilkerrin serving as extras.

Robert Sheehan
Robert Sheehan (born 7 January 1988) is an Irish actor. He is best known for television roles such as Nathan Young in Misfits, Darren Treacy in Love/Hate, and Klaus Hargreeves in The Umbrella Academy, as well as film roles such as Tom Natsworthy in Mortal Engines and Simon Lewis in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones.

Sheehan has received multiple Irish Film and Television Award nominations and a British Academy Television Award nomination. In 2020, he was listed as number 41 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.
Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method
The Einstein–Brillouin–Keller (EBK) method  is a semiclassical technique (named after Albert Einstein, Léon Brillouin, and Joseph B. Keller) used to compute eigenvalues in quantum-mechanical systems. EBK quantization is an improvement from Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization which did not consider the caustic phase jumps at classical turning points. This procedure is able to reproduce exactly the spectrum of the 3D harmonic oscillator, particle in a box, and even the relativistic fine structure of the hydrogen atom.

Léon Brillouin
Léon Nicolas Brillouin (French: [leɔ̃ nikɔla bʁijwɛ̃]; August 7, 1889  – October 4, 1969) was a French physicist. He made contributions to quantum mechanics, radio wave propagation in the atmosphere, solid-state physics, and information theory.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company (HMH)
(/ˈhoʊtən/,
HOH-tən)
is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works. The company is based in the Boston Financial District. It was formerly known as the Houghton Mifflin Company, but it changed its name following the 2007 acquisition of Harcourt Publishing. Before March 2010, it was a subsidiary of Education Media and Publishing Group Limited, an Irish-owned holding company registered in the Cayman Islands and formerly known as Riverdeep. In 2022, it was acquired by Veritas Capital, a New York–based private-equity firm.

Veritas Capital
Veritas Capital Fund Management, L.L.C. is an American private-equity firm founded in 1992 that invests in companies providing critical products and services, primarily technology-enabled products and services, to government and commercial customers worldwide. The firm's first fund closed in 1998. They closed an eighth flagship fund in 2022; in all, Veritas has approximately $45 billion of assets under management. Veritas is led by Ramzi Musallam, the firm's Chief Executive Officer and Managing Partner.

In June 2024, Veritas Capital ranked 46th in Private Equity International's PEI 300 ranking among the world's largest private equity firms.
Thraustus
Thraustus or Thraustos (Ancient Greek: Θραύστος) or Thraestus or Thraistos (Θραιστός) was a town in the mountainous district of Acroreia in ancient Elis.  Diodorus Siculus writes that the Spartans, under command of Pausanias of Sparta, marched against Elis with 4,000 men in 402 BCE, and that the towns of Opus, Alium, Eupagium, Thraustus, and Lasion were subdued. Xenophon mentions an Arcadian raid into Elis and took several towns of Acroreia around 365 BCE.

Its site is unlocated.

Eupagium
Eupagium or Eupagion (Ancient Greek: Εὐπάγιον) was a town in the mountainous district of Acroreia in ancient Elis. Diodorus Siculus writes that the Spartans, under command of Pausanias of Sparta, marched against Elis with 4,000 men in 402 BCE, and that the towns of Opus, Alium, Eupagium, Thraustus, and Lasion were subdued. Xenophon mentions an Arcadian raid into Elis and took several towns of Acroreia around 365 BCE. Its site has not been located.
Carlo Verdone
Carlo Gregorio Verdone (born 17 November 1950) is an Italian actor, screenwriter and film director. Best known for his comedic roles in Italian classics which he also wrote and directed such as Fun Is Beautiful and Bianco, rosso e Verdone, he has introduced more serious subjects in his work since the 1990s, including Damned the Day I Met You and My Best Enemy.

Damned the Day I Met You
Damned the Day I Met You ( Italian: Maledetto il giorno che t'ho incontrato) is a 1992 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Carlo Verdone. The film won five David di Donatello Awards, for best screenplay, best actor, best cinematography, best editing and best supporting actress (Elisabetta Pozzi). For her performance Margherita Buy won the Ciak d'oro for best actress.
Stephen Hales
Stephen Hales (17 September 1677 – 4 January 1761) was an English clergyman who made major contributions to a range of scientific fields including botany, pneumatic chemistry and physiology. He was the first person to measure blood pressure. He also invented several devices, including a ventilator, a pneumatic trough and a surgical forceps for the removal of bladder stones. In addition to these achievements, he was a philanthropist and wrote a popular tract on alcoholic intemperance.

Pneumatic chemistry
In the history of science, pneumatic chemistry is an area of scientific research of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries. Important goals of this work were the understanding of the physical properties of gases and how they relate to chemical reactions and, ultimately, the composition of matter. The rise of phlogiston theory, and its replacement by a new theory after the discovery of oxygen as a gaseous component of the Earth atmosphere and a chemical reagent participating in the combustion reactions, were addressed in the era of pneumatic chemistry.
Zombie Hunter (film)
Zombie Hunter is a 2013 American direct-to-video action-thriller film directed and written by Kevin King for The Klimax and Arrowstorm Entertainment, and starring Danny Trejo, Martin Copping, and Clare Niederpruem. It follows a group of humans, led by Jesús (Trejo), defending themselves from flesh-devouring zombies. A fundraising campaign was hosted on the website Kickstarter to help fulfill the production team's desired budget. The film officially premiered at the 2013 Fantasia International Film Festival in Montreal and was released on home media on October 8, 2013. It was a critical failure, garnering mostly negative reviews.

Martin Copping
Peter Martin Copping (born 1 November 1977) is an Australian film, television, theater and video game actor best known for his role as the title character in the exploitation film homage Zombie Hunter, the voice of Mozzie in Rainbow Six: Siege and a starring role as 2Lt. Lucas Riggs of the Australian Army 20th Battalion in Call of Duty: Vanguard. Copping is also known for his roles of Cpl. Richard Jennings in Forbidden Ground.
Coccygectomy
Coccygectomy is a surgical procedure in which the coccyx or tailbone is removed. It is considered a required treatment for sacrococcygeal teratoma and other germ cell tumors arising from the coccyx. Coccygectomy is the treatment of last resort for coccydynia (coccyx pain) which has failed to respond to nonsurgical treatment.  Non surgical treatments include use of seat cushions, external or internal manipulation and massage of the coccyx and the attached muscles, medications given by local injections under fluoroscopic guidance, and medications by mouth.

To remove the coccyx, an incision is made from the tip of the coccyx to its joint with the sacrum. The coccyx is cut away from the surrounding tissues, cut off at the joint with the sacrum, and removed. If the tip of the sacrum is rough, it is filed down. The wound is closed in layers.

Coccyx
The coccyx (pl.: coccyges or coccyxes), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the vertebral column in all apes, and analogous structures in certain other mammals such as horses. In tailless primates (e.g. humans and other great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid), the coccyx is the remnant of a vestigial tail. In animals with bony tails, it is known as tailhead or dock, in bird anatomy as tailfan. It comprises three to five separate or fused coccygeal vertebrae below the sacrum, attached to the sacrum by a fibrocartilaginous joint, the sacrococcygeal symphysis, which permits limited movement between the sacrum and the coccyx.
Underhill Burying Ground
The Underhill Burying Ground is a cemetery located within the Village of Lattingtown, in the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York. The cemetery has been in continuous operation since the burial of Captain John Underhill in 1672. The Underhill Burying Ground is governed by the Underhill Burying Ground, Inc., a non-profit organization, incorporated under the laws of the State of New York.

John Underhill (captain)
John Underhill (c. 1608/09 – 21 July 1672) was an early English settler and soldier in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, where he also served as governor; the New Haven Colony, New Netherland, and later the Province of New York, settling on Long Island. Hired to train militia in New England, he is most noted for leading colonial militia in the Pequot War (1636–1637) and Kieft's War which the colonists mounted against two different groups of Native Americans. He also published an account of the Pequot War.
Beauty Unadorned
Beauty Unadorned is a 1913 silent short film directed by Sidney Drew, L. Rogers Lytton and James Young. It starred Drew and Clara Kimball Young who was the wife of Young. It was produced by the Vitagraph Company of America. It survives, incomplete, in the Library of Congress collection.

Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Drew
Mr. & Mrs. Sidney Drew were an American comedy team on stage and screen. The team initially consisted of Sidney Drew (August 28, 1863 – April 9, 1919) and his first wife Gladys Rankin (October 8, 1870 – January 9, 1914). After Gladys died in 1914, Sidney Drew married Lucille McVey (1890–1925), and the two performed as Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Drew.
Forever Young (2018 film)
Forever Young is a 2018 Chinese epic drama film written and directed by Li Fangfang. The film stars Zhang Ziyi, Huang Xiaoming, Chang Chen, Wang Leehom and Chen Chusheng. The film is about four generations of Tsinghua University graduates, spanning a hundred years of modern Chinese history since World War I, from the 1920s, the 1940s, the 1960s till nowadays, and how no matter how time changes, there are always people who insist on their dreams.

The film entered production in early 2012, with principal photography concluding in the same year. Filming locations include Beijing, Yunnan, Gansu and Guangdong. It was released on January 12, 2018.

With over US$118 million box office, Forever Young received the largest box office ticket sales of January 2018 in China.

The movie was critically acclaimed and both Zhang Ziyi and Wang Leehom won Best Actress and Best Actor respectively at the 2018 Macau International Movie Festival.

Huang Xiaoming
Huang Xiaoming or Mark Huang (Chinese: 黄晓明; pinyin: Huáng Xiǎomíng, born 13 November 1977) is a Chinese actor and singer. Huang rose to prominence for playing Emperor Wu of Han in the television series The Prince of Han Dynasty (2001), followed by popular series such as The Return of the Condor Heroes (2006), Shanghai Bund (2007), The Patriot Yue Fei (2013), Cruel Romance (2015), Nirvana in Fire 2 (2017), Winter Begonia (2020), as well as films The Message (2009), The Last Tycoon (2012), and American Dreams in China (2013).