hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Letharia
Letharia is a genus of fruticose lichens belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Molecular phylogenetics studies have revealed that what were once considered just two species actually represent at least several distinct evolutionary lineages, with western North America serving as the centre of diversity for the group. These lichens typically grow on sun-exposed wood and bark of coniferous trees, growing in dry habitats where they receive moisture from dew or fog.

Letharia columbiana
Letharia columbiana (common name brown-eye wolf lichen) is a common lichen in subalpine forests, particularly in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and parts of Canada.  It is in the family Parmeliaceae, and the genus Letharia. Its characteristics include a bright citron color, “brown-eyes”, and rounded, irregular branches. Though previously believed to lump together several lineages such as Letharia gracilis and others, there now exists more specific characteristics to identify the species. This lichen grows on the bark of conifers a couple inches tall. L. columbiana’s cousin, Letharia vulpina (common name wolf lichen), has similar geographical distribution and morphological features, with the major difference being the “brown-eyes” of L. columbiana.
Oded Schramm
Oded Schramm (Hebrew: עודד שרם; December 10, 1961 – September 1, 2008) was an Israeli-American mathematician known for the invention of the Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) and for working at the intersection of conformal field theory and probability theory.

Greg Lawler
Gregory Francis Lawler (born July 14, 1955) is an American mathematician working in probability theory and best known for his work since 2000 on the Schramm–Loewner evolution.

He received his PhD from Princeton University in 1979 under the supervision of Edward Nelson. He was on the faculty of Duke University from 1979 to 2001, of Cornell University from 2001 to 2006, and since 2006 is at the University of Chicago.
Chronology of Soviet secret police agencies
There were a succession of Soviet secret police agencies over time. The Okhrana was abolished by the Provisional government after the first revolution of 1917, and the first secret police after the October Revolution, created by Vladimir Lenin's decree on December 20, 1917, was called "Cheka" (ЧК). Officers were referred to as "chekists", a name that is still informally applied to people under the Federal Security Service of Russia, the KGB's successor in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

For most agencies listed here, secret policing operations were only part of their function; for instance, the KGB was both a secret police and an intelligence agency.

Main Directorate of State Security
The Main Directorate of State Security (Russian: Glavnoe upravlenie gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, Главное управление государственной безопасности, ГУГБ, GUGB) was the name of the Soviet Union's most important security body within the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs NKVD USSR. At the time of its existence, which was from July 10, 1934 to February 3, 1941, the GUGB reflected exactly the Secret Operational Directorate within OGPU under the Council of People's Commissars, which operated within OGPU structure from 1923 to 1931/32.
An intelligence service and secret police from July 1934 to February 1941, it was run under the auspices of the Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD). Its first head was first deputy of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs (then Genrikh Yagoda), Commissioner 1st rank of State Security Yakov Agranov.
Filthy Rich (comics)
Filthy Rich is a 2009 original graphic novel written by Brian Azzarello. It was one of two books to launch Vertigo's Vertigo Crime line along with Ian Rankin's Dark Entries. The interior art was created by Victor Santos and cover was done by Lee Bermejo.

Brian Azzarello
Brian Azzarello (born August 11, 1962) is an American comic book writer and screenwriter who first came to prominence with the hardboiled crime series 100 Bullets, published by DC Comics' mature-audience imprint Vertigo. Azzarello is best known for his numerous collaborations with artists Eduardo Risso (100 Bullets, Batman: Broken City, Spaceman, Moonshine) and Lee Bermejo (Batman/Deathblow, Luthor, Joker, Batman: Damned), his contributions to the Watchmen prequel project Before Watchmen and The Dark Knight Returns sequel series DK III: The Master Race, as well as for his stints on the long-running Vertigo series Hellblazer and The New 52 relaunch of the Wonder Woman title.
Fosters, Ohio
Fosters (sometimes given as Foster) is an unincorporated community in southern Warren County, Ohio, United States.  It straddles the Little Miami River in Deerfield and Hamilton Townships.  It is located about two miles southwest of Hopkinsville, two miles west of Maineville, and two miles northeast of Twenty Mile Stand just off U.S. Route 22/State Route 3, the 3C Highway.  (In the 1930s, the State of Ohio erected a new high bridge over the river that bypassed the community.)  The community is in the Kings Local School District and is served by the Maineville post office. The settlement was originally called Foster's Crossing. The community was named after the local Foster family.

The Little Miami Bike Trail, which runs from Milford to Spring Valley, runs through the community on the eastern shore of the Little Miami River.

Twenty Mile Stand, Ohio
Twenty Mile Stand is an unincorporated community in southeastern Deerfield Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States.  It lies on the old 3C Highway in Town 4 East, Range 2 North, Section 21 of the Symmes Purchase and in the center of the area known as "Landen".  It is about three miles south-south west of Kings Mills, two miles southwest of Fosters, and twenty miles northeast of Cincinnati.

A post office called Twenty Mile Stand was established in 1819, the name was changed to Twentymile Stand in 1895, and the post office closed in 1904. In the 19th century, the town was a stagecoach stop 20 miles (32 km) from downtown Cincinnati, hence the name. In April 2013, the original stagecoach stop, known as the Twenty Mile House, was demolished and replaced with a modern strip mall and gas station. The house had been a fine and casual restaurant, bar and tavern for generations.
Berekum-Jaman District
Berekum-Jaman District is a former district council that was located in Brong-Ahafo Region (now currently in Bono Region), Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1975. However in 10 March 1989, it was split off into two new district assemblies: Berekum District (capital: Berekum) and Jaman District (capital: Drobo). The district assembly was located in the western part of Brong-Ahafo Region (now western part of Bono Region) and had Berekum as its capital town.

Berekum Municipal District
Berekum Municipal District is a former district located in Brong-Ahafo Region (now currently in Bono Region), Ghana. It was originally created as an ordinary district assembly on 10 March 1989, when it was known as Berekum District, which was created from the former Berekum-Jaman District Council. Later it was elevated to municipal district assembly status on 29 February 2008 to become Berekum Municipal District. However, on 15 March 2018, it was split off into two new districts: Berekum East Municipal District (capital: Berekum) and Berekum West District (capital: Jinijini). The municipality was located in the western part of Brong-Ahafo Region (now western part of Bono Region) and had Berekum as its capital town.
Lupe Ontiveros
Guadalupe Ontiveros (née Moreno; September 17, 1942 – July 26, 2012) was an American actress best known for portraying Rosalita in The Goonies, and Yolanda Saldívar in the film Selena. She acted in numerous films and television shows. Ontiveros was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on Desperate Housewives and received critical acclaim for her role in Chuck & Buck, for which Ontiveros won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress, and was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award.

Yolanda Saldívar
Yolanda Saldívar (Spanish: [ɟʝoˈlanda salˈdiβaɾ]) (born September 19, 1960) is an American former nurse who murdered singer Selena in Corpus Christi, Texas, on March 31, 1995. Saldívar had been the president of Selena's fan club and the manager of her boutiques, but she lost both positions a short time before the murder, when the singer's family discovered that she had been embezzling money from both organizations. 
In October 1995, Saldívar was found guilty of murder and sentenced to a prison term of 30 years to life. In 2025, she became eligible for parole. Saldívar's petition for parole was denied on March 27, 2025; the next parole review is set for March 2030.
Borough
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.

Burgh
A burgh (/ˈbʌrə/ BURR-ə) is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganisation in 1975, the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.
Iberia Football Club
The Iberia Football Club, commonly referred to as Iberia FC, was a football club based in Madrid, Spain, which existed between 1903 and 1907. Founded in early 1903, it was one of the first football clubs to have been founded in the Spanish capital, behind Madrid FC, Español de Madrid, Moncloa FC, and Moderno FC.

The club is best known for participating in the first two editions of the Campeonato de Madrid. In 1904, however, all of its members left for the Moderno FC, which was in turn absorbed by Madrid FC, which caused Iberia to disappear from the Madrid scene until an attempt to reactivate it in 1907, the same year in which a new merger with the Sociedad Gimnástica led to its complete disappearance.

Moncloa Football Club
The Moncloa Football Club was a football team based in Madrid, Spain, which was founded in April 1902 and dissolved in 1907 after being absorbed by Madrid FC. Moncloa FC was only the third football club to have been founded in the Spanish capital, and together with Madrid FC, it was the only team who participated in the first three editions of the Centro championship, achieving two back-to-back runner-up finishes in 1903–04 and 1904–05, losing the respective finals to Español de Madrid and Madrid FC. Despite its early success, however, the club was subjected to an early disappearance in 1907.

The club disputed its matches in a field located at the end of Argüelles, in the district of Moncloa-Aravaca, and also played some matches at the Hipódromo de la Castellana (Madrid FC's field at the time) as there were hardly any fields in Spain. As clothing, the club wore a dark blue shirt.
Aogashima
Aogashima (青ヶ島) is a volcanic island to the south of Japan in northernmost Micronesia.  It is the southernmost and most isolated inhabited island of the Izu Islands. The islands border the northeast Philippine Sea and lie north of the Ogasawara Islands. The island lies approximately 358 kilometres (222 mi) south of mainland Tokyo and 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of Hachijō-jima.

The island is administered as the village of Aogashima, which is subordinate to the  Hachijō Subprefecture, which itself is governed by the City of Tokyo. The island has an area of 8.75 km2 (3.38 sq mi), and, as of 2014, its population is a mere 170 people. This means that the village of Aogashima has the smallest population of any municipality in Japan. Aogashima is also part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.

Izu Islands
The Izu Islands (伊豆諸島, Izu Shotō; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ, i.(d)zɯ ɕoꜜ.toː]) are a group of volcanic islands stretching south and east from the Izu Peninsula of Honshū, Japan. Administratively, they form two towns and six villages; all part of Tokyo Prefecture. The largest is Izu Ōshima, usually called simply Ōshima.

Although usually called the "Seven Islands of Izu" (伊豆七島 in Japanese), there are in fact more than a dozen islands and islets. Nine among them are currently inhabited.
2020 Moldovan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Moldova on 1 November. The fourth direct elections since independence in 1991, voters had the possibility to either elect a new president or re-elect the incumbent Igor Dodon. Because no candidate received a majority of votes in the first round, a run-off between the top two candidates, Maia Sandu and Dodon, was held on 15 November. Maia Sandu won the second round with 58% of the vote, becoming the first female President of the country and the first winner from the Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS).

Party of Action and Solidarity
The Party of Action and Solidarity (Romanian: Partidul Acțiune și Solidaritate, PAS) is a pro-European political party in Moldova. The PAS was founded by Maia Sandu, the former Minister of Education and the incumbent president of Moldova. It is an observer of the European People's Party (EPP) and the International Democracy Union (IDU).
Citizen (film)
Citizen is a 2001 Indian Tamil-language political action thriller film written and directed by Saravana Subbiah and produced by S. S. Chakravarthy. The film stars Ajith Kumar in the main dual lead role with Meena, Vasundhara Das and Nagma playing supporting roles. The film's score and soundtrack were composed by Deva, and cinematography was handled by Ravi K. Chandran. The film was released theatrically on 9 June 2001 and became a blockbuster at the Tamil Nadu box office.

Nagma
Nagma Arvind Morarji (born Nandita Arvind Morarji; 25 December 1974), known mononymously as Nagma. is an Indian politician and former actress. She gained prominence as a leading actress in the 1990s and appeared in films across various Indian languages, primarily in Telugu, Hindi, Tamil and Bhojpuri.

Nagma made her film debut in Baaghi (1990) opposite Salman Khan, which was the seventh highest-grossing Hindi film of the year. She went on to star in several notable films, including Gharana Mogudu (1992), King Uncle (1993), Varasudu (1993), Suhaag (1994), Kaadhalan (1994), Baashha (1995), and Lal Baadshah (1999).
Sam Coslow
Sam Coslow (December 27, 1902 – April 2, 1982) was an American songwriter, singer, film producer, publisher and market analyst.  Coslow was born in New York City.  He began writing songs as a teenager.  He contributed songs to Broadway revues, formed the music publishing company Spier and Coslow with Larry Spier and made a number of recordings as a performer.

Abner Silver
Abner Silberman (28 December 1899 in New York City, New York, United States – 24 November 1966) as pen name Abner Silver, was an American songwriter who worked primarily during the Tin Pan Alley era of the craft.
1901 Nobel Prize in Literature
The 1901 Nobel Prize in Literature was the first awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. It was awarded to the French poet Sully Prudhomme (1839–1907) "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect."

Sully Prudhomme
René François Armand "Sully" Prudhomme (French: [syli pʁydɔm]; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901.

Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intention to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its own.
Nelson Trad Sr.
Nelson Trad Sr. (30 October 1930 – 7 December 2011) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, held the position of federal deputy elected by of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Son of Assaf Trad and Margarida Maksoud, Lebanese immigrants. He married Therezinha Mandetta and had five children: Fátima, Maria Thereza, Marquinhos, Fábio and Nelsinho, the last three of whom were also politicians. He was the father of Nelson Trad Jr., re-elected mayor of Campo Grande and Marquinhos Trad, former councilor and federal deputy, currently mayor of Campo Grande for the PSD, and Fábio Trad, currently federal deputy.

He studied law at the University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) between 1953 and 1957. He was president of the Penitentiary Council of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and of the Court of Sports Justice of the Football Federation.

Fábio Trad
Fábio Ricardo Trad (born 18 August 1969) is a Brazilian politician. From 2011 to 2023, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He is the son of Nelson Trad Sr. and Therezinha Mandetta Trad, and the brother of Nelson Trad Filho and Marcos Marcello Trad.
Thankful (Flavour album)
Thankful is the fourth studio album by Nigerian singer Flavour. It was released on 14 November 2014 by 2nite Entertainment as a surprise, and features guest appearances from Chidinma, M.I, Wande Coal, Selebobo, and Phyno. Its production was handled by Masterkraft, Selebobo, Del B, MJ, and Fiokee. Thankful was supported by the singles "Wake Up", "Golibe", "Ololufe", "Wiser", "Dance", and "Mmege Mmege". The album serves as a follow-up to his second studio album Blessed (2012).

Del B
Ayodele Joseph Basil, better known as Del B, is a Nigerian composer, sound engineer, record producer. and songwriter. He is best known for producing Kcee's hit single "Limpopo", which went on to be voted Song of The Year at the 2013 edition of The Headies. In 2012, he produced the single "Shake" by Flavour N'abania, which received critical acclaim among music critics.
Herman Snellen
Herman Snellen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛrmɑn ˈsnɛlə(n)], February 19, 1834 – January 18, 1908) was a Dutch ophthalmologist who in 1862 introduced the Snellen chart to study visual acuity. He took over directorship of the Netherlands Hospital for Eye Patients (Nederlandsch Gasthuis voor Ooglijders), after Franciscus Donders. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1894.

Franciscus Donders
Franciscus (Franz) Cornelius Donders FRS FRSE (27 May 1818 – 24 March 1889) was a Dutch ophthalmologist. During his career, he was a professor of physiology in Utrecht, and was internationally regarded as an authority on eye diseases, directing the Netherlands Hospital for Eye Patients. Along with Graefe and Helmholtz, he was one of the primary founders of scientific ophthalmology.
Mark Coffey
Mark Anthony Coffey (born 13 February 1990) is a Scottish professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed on the NXT brand as a member of Gallus. He is also a former NXT UK Heritage Cup and NXT UK Tag Team Champion.

Coffey is also known for his tenure with Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW), where he became a three-time ICW Zero-G champion.

Noam Dar
Noam Dar (Hebrew: נועם דר; born 28 July 1993) is an Israeli-Scottish professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE where he performs on the NXT brand and is a record-setting four-time NXT Heritage Cup Champion.

Dar first wrestled for WWE in the 2016 Cruiserweight Classic, and is the first wrestler of Israeli origin to perform for the company. He has also worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and on its British Boot Camp series, as well as Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW), Progress Wrestling, Preston City Wrestling (PCW), Dragon Gate UK (DGUK), Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW), Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw), Global Force Wrestling (GFW), and Ring of Honor (ROH). He's a two-time ICW 0-G Champion, a one-time PCW Cruiserweight Champion, and a one-time ICW World Heavyweight Champion, among other championships and accomplishments.
Hur (Bible)
Hur (Hebrew: חוּר, romanized: Ḥūr, also Chur) was a companion of Moses and Aaron in the Hebrew Bible. He was a member of the Tribe of Judah. His identity remains unclear in the Torah itself, but it is elaborated in rabbinical commentary.

Other individuals named Hur are also mentioned in the Bible.

Golden calf
According to the Torah, the Bible, and the Quran, the golden calf (Hebrew: עֵגֶל הַזָּהָב, romanized: ʿēḡel hazzāhāḇ) was a cult image made by the Israelites when Moses went up to Mount Sinai. In Hebrew, the incident is known as "the sin of the calf" (Hebrew: חֵטְא הָעֵגֶל, romanized: ḥēṭəʾ hāʿēḡel). It is first mentioned in the Book of Exodus.

Bull worship was common in many cultures. In Egypt, whence according to the Exodus narrative, the Israelites had recently come, the bull-god Apis was a comparable object of worship, which some believe the Hebrews were reviving in the wilderness. Alternatively, some believe Yahweh, the national god of the Israelites, was associated with or pictured as a sacred bull through the process of religious assimilation and syncretism. Among the Canaanites, some of whom would become the Israelites, the bull was widely worshipped as the sacred bull and the creature of El.
December's Children (And Everybody's)
December's Children (And Everybody's) is the fifth American studio album by the English rock band the Rolling Stones, released in December 1965. It is primarily compiled from different released tracks from across the band's recording career up to that point, including the UK version of Out of Our Heads. Bassist Bill Wyman quotes Jagger in 1968 calling the record "[not] an album, it's just a collection of songs". Accordingly, it is only briefly detailed in Wyman's otherwise exhaustive book Rolling with the Stones. It features their then-recent transatlantic hit single "Get Off of My Cloud", as well as their own remake of Marianne Faithfull's Jagger/Richards-penned hit "As Tears Go By", which was released as the album's second single in the US.

Get Off of My Cloud
"Get Off of My Cloud" is a song by the English rock band the Rolling Stones. It was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards for a single to follow the successful "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction". Recorded at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California, in early September 1965, the song was released in September in the United States and October in the United Kingdom.
It topped the charts in the US, UK, Canada, and Germany and reached number two in several other countries.
Mycobacterium avium complex
Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium that are commonly grouped because they infect humans together; this group, in turn, is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria.  These bacteria cause Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections or Mycobacterium avium complex infections in humans. These bacteria are common and are found in fresh and salt water, in household dust and in soil. MAC bacteria usually cause infection in those who are immunocompromised or those with severe lung disease.

Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium is a genus of over 190 species of  Gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and leprosy (M. leprae) in humans. The Greek prefix myco- means 'fungus', alluding to this genus's mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with a waxy lipid-rich outer layer containing high concentrations of mycolic acid, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types.

Mycobacterial species are generally aerobic, non-motile, and capable of growing with minimal nutrition. The genus is divided based on each species's pigment production and growth rate. While most Mycobacterium species are non-pathogenic, the genus's characteristic complex cell wall contributes to evasion from host defenses.