hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cadets of the Republic
Cadets of the Republic, known in Spanish as Cadetes de la República, was the paramilitary wing of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party in the twentieth century. The organization was also referred to as the Liberation Army of Puerto Rico (Ejército Libertador de Puerto Rico).

The Cadets of the Republic were founded and organized in the 1930s by Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos, the president of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Some members of the cadets participated in the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s against United States colonial rule.

The following is a brief history of the Cadets of the Republic, covering the period from 1930 to 1950.

Río Piedras massacre
The Río Piedras massacre occurred on October 24, 1935, at the University of Puerto Rico in Río Piedras. Puerto Rico Police officers confronted and opened fire on supporters of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party. Four Nationalist Party members were killed, and one police officer was wounded during the shooting.
Made in Switzerland (song)
"Made in Switzerland" is a musical number performed by Swiss television presenters Hazel Brugger and Sandra Studer, along with Swedish television presenter Petra Mede. Debuting as an interval act in the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 on 13 May 2025, it was released as a single on 6 June.

Sandra Studer
Sandra Studer (born 10 February 1969 in Zürich), also known as Sandra Simó, is a Swiss television presenter and singer. She represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1991, where she placed fifth with the song "Canzone per te". She co-hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2025 alongside Hazel Brugger, with Michelle Hunziker joining for the final.
Masa Saito
Masanori Saito (斎藤 昌典, Saitō Masanori; August 7, 1942 – July 14, 2018) was a Japanese professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Mr. Saito or Masa Saito (マサ斎藤). He wrestled for 33 years around the world. He had success as a singles wrestler, winning the AWA World Heavyweight Championship in 1990, and as a tag team wrestler with multiple partners in various National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) territories.

Saito joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1981, where he teamed with Mr. Fuji to hold the World Tag Team Championship twice and would claim the nickname "Chopstick Charlie". In Japan, he wrestled for both top leagues, All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). He wrestled Antonio Inoki across Ganryujima island for over two hours in 1987.

Saito was imprisoned in the United States for two years in the mid-1980s for physically assaulting police officers in Waukesha, Wisconsin, following an accusation of vandalism against his friend Ken Patera.

Hiro Matsuda
Yasuhiro Kojima (小島 泰弘, Kojima Yasuhiro) (July 22, 1937 – November 27, 1999), best known by his ring name Hiro Matsuda (ヒロ・マツダ, Hiro Matsuda), was a Japanese professional wrestler, trainer, and booker.
Mountain Education Centre of New Zealand
The Mountain Education Centre of New Zealand (MECNZ) was formally a division of Tai Poutini Polytechnic, located in Wānaka, New Zealand.  Tai Poutini Polytechnic continues to run the Ski Patrol Programme from its Wānaka Campus.

Tai Poutini Polytechnic
Tai Poutini Polytechnic (TPP) is a New Zealand company that aims to provide tertiary education meeting the needs of West Coast students and businesses. TPP's West Coast programmes include tourism and hospitality training across the retail and service sector, outdoor education training, agriculture, extractive/mining, and specialist jade and hard stone carving programmes.
December 1924 German federal election
A federal election for the third Reichstag of the Weimar Republic was held in Germany on 7 December 1924. The parties of the far left and far right suffered significant losses in the voting, while the moderate left Social Democratic Party (SPD) made the greatest gains and remained the strongest party in the Reichstag. The negotiations for a ruling coalition nevertheless led to a shift to the right. The new government of the independent Hans Luther, a five-party centre-right coalition without the SPD, included the monarchist German National People's Party (DNVP) for the first time.

Hans Luther
Hans Luther (listenⓘ) (10 March 1879 – 11 May 1962) was a German politician and Chancellor of Germany for 482 days in 1925 to 1926. As Minister of Finance he helped stabilize the Mark during the hyperinflation of 1923. From 1930 to 1933, Luther was head of the Reichsbank and from 1933 to 1937 he served as German Ambassador to the United States.
Frithiof Nevanlinna
Frithiof Edvard Henrik Nevanlinna (16 August 1894 – 20 March 1977) was a Finnish mathematician and professor who worked on classical and complex analysis. He was born in Joensuu, and was the older brother of Rolf Nevanlinna.

Rolf Nevanlinna
Rolf Herman Nevanlinna (né Neovius; 22 October 1895 – 28 May 1980) was a Finnish mathematician who made significant contributions to complex analysis. He is the namesake of Nevanlinna theory for meromorphic functions.
Robinson Armament XCR
The Robinson Armament Co. XCR is a multi-caliber, gas piston weapon system developed by Robinson Armament Co. for U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) to fill the requirements of the SOF Combat Assault Rifle, or SCAR competition, but was disqualified due to the manufacturer failing to provide blank firing adapters on time. It has been offered to law enforcement, the military, and the general public since 2006.

Robinson Armament Co.
Robinson Armament Co. is a firearms manufacturer based in North Salt Lake, Utah, United States.

As of 2009, it employed 15 people. The company manufactures military-style semi-automatic rifles, including the XCR Modular Rifle.

The company has been outspoken against federal gun regulations.
Loomis, Saskatchewan
Loomis, also known as Echo, is an unincorporated community in Frontier Rural Municipality No. 19, Saskatchewan, Canada. The community is located on the intersection of Highway 18 and Highway 614, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) southeast of the community of Robsart and about 38 kilometres (24 mi) south of the town of Eastend.

Rural Municipality of Frontier No. 19
The Rural Municipality of Frontier No. 19 (2016 population: 326) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 4 and SARM Division No. 3. Located in the southwest portion of the province, it is adjacent to the United States border, neighbouring Blaine County in Montana.
Michael L. J. Apuzzo
Michael L. J. Apuzzo (born May 22, 1940) is an American academic neurological surgeon, the Edwin M. Todd/Trent H. Wells, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Neurological Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Biology, and Physics at the Keck School of Medicine, of the University of Southern California. He is also editor emeritus of the peer-reviewed journals World Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery. He is distinguished adjunct professor of neurosurgery at the Yale School of Medicine, distinguished professor of advanced neurosurgery and neuroscience and senior advisor, at the Neurological Institute, Wexner Medical School, The Ohio State University, and adjunct professor of neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery & Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center.

World Neurosurgery
World Neurosurgery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that was established in 1973 as Surgical Neurology before obtaining its current name in 2010. It is published by Elsevier and is the official journal of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. The editor-in-chief is Edward C. Benzel (Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic).
King Yi of Yan
King Yi of Yan (Chinese: 燕易王; died 321 BC), personal name unknown, was a ruler of the Yan state. He ruled as duke from 331 BC to 323 BC, then as king from 323 BC until his death in 321 BC.

He was the son of Duke Wen II of Yan (燕後文公). He came to the throne after his father's death, in the same year, Yan was attacked by the Qi state and lost ten cities. He sent Su Qin to Qi and successfully persuaded King Xuan of Qi to return these cities.

In 323 BC, He promoted himself the king. However, during the last three years of his reign, the court was controlled by the powerful chancellor Su Qin. King Yi died in 321 BC, succeeded by his son Kuai.

Kuai, King of Yan
Kuai, King of Yan (Chinese: 燕王噲; pinyin: Yān Wáng Kuài), was a king of the Yan state. He ruled the state between 320 BC and 318 BC.

Kuai was the son of King Yi, whom he succeeded to the throne. In 318 BC, Lu Maoshou (鹿毛壽) persuaded him to resign the throne in favor of the powerful chancellor Zizhi (子之) to "prove his humility". Kuai did so and even removed his crown prince from power. In 314 BC, Crown Prince Ping (太子平) revolted against Zizhi, but was failed and killed in action. Encouraged by Mencius and other ministers, King Xuan of Qi sent Kuang Zhang (匡章) to attack Yan in 314 BC. Yan was practically conquered by Qi, and both Kuai and Zizhi were killed.
Gasoline Rainbows
Gasoline Rainbows is a compilation album by various artists, including Sophia Bush and Austin Nichols (Stars of the Hit CW Network Show One Tree Hill) to benefit the Gulf Coast of the United States from the 2010 BP Oil Spill. The title track Gasoline Rainbows is written and performed by Amy Kuney.

Other artists involved include City and Colour, Vampire Weekend, Silversun Pickups, LCD Soundsystem, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, The Black Keys, Onward Soldiers, Damien Rice, The National, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Passion Pit, Phoenix and Surfer Blood.

City and Colour
Dallas Michael John Albert Green (born September 29, 1980) is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter and record producer who records under the name City and Colour. He is also known for his contributions as a singer, rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and co-founder of the post-hardcore band Alexisonfire. In 2005, he debuted his first full-length album, Sometimes, which achieved platinum certification in 2006. City and Colour began performing in small intimate venues between Alexisonfire tours. The name City and Colour comes from his own name: Dallas, a city, and Green, a colour. His reasoning for the name was that he felt uneasy "putting the album out under the name Dallas Green".
Ureki
Ureki (Georgian: ურეკი) is a town and a seaside climatic resort on the Black Sea coast of Georgia. Located within Ozurgeti District in the region of Guria, Ureki is 60 kilometers north of Batumi and approximately 300 km west of the nation's capital Tbilisi. It is located 4 meters above the sea level and has a population of 1,166 (2014 all-Georgia Census). It received a status of a town in 1953.

Unlike many areas on the Black Sea, in Ureki beaches are sandy, rather than covered in pebbles. The sand in Ureki is classified as black sand and has magnetic properties, which some believe treat a number of health problems, including cardiovascular diseases.

The whole area was covered by forest once and it was impossible to hunt there, this is why the place is called Ureki, which in the Georgian Language means deep forest.

Guria
Guria (Georgian: გურია) is a region (mkhare) in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 104,338 (2023), with Ozurgeti as the regional capital.
Looman–Menchoff theorem
In the mathematical field of complex analysis, the Looman–Menchoff theorem states that a continuous complex-valued function defined in an open set of the complex plane is holomorphic if and only if it satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equations.  It is thus a generalization of a theorem by Édouard Goursat, which instead of assuming the continuity of f, assumes its Fréchet differentiability when regarded as a function from a subset of R2 to R2. This theorem bears the name of Dutch mathematician Herman Looman and Soviet mathematician Dmitrii Menshov.

Cauchy–Riemann equations
In mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann equations are two partial differential equations that characterize differentiability of complex functions. The equations are

and

where u(x, y) and v(x, y) are real bivariate differentiable functions. Typically, u and v are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of a complex-valued function

of a complex variable z = x + iy.

If f is complex-differentiable at a complex point z = x + iy, then the partial derivatives of u and v exist and satisfy the Cauchy–Riemann equations at that point. Conversely, if the functions u and v are (real) differentiable at z and satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations there, then f is complex-differentiable at z.

In this way, the Cauchy-Riemann equations are closely related to differentiability, which is in turn closely related to analyticity. These close relationships are the starting point of complex analysis.
Namitha Pramod
Namitha Pramod (born 19 September 1996) is an Indian actress who appears mainly in Malayalam films. She made her acting debut in a supporting role in the Malayalam film Traffic (2011) and appeared in her first lead role in Puthiya Theerangal, which was released in 2012.

She went on to appear in super hit films like Sound Thoma (2013), Pullipulikalum Aattinkuttiyum (2013), Vikramadithyan (2014), Villali Veeran (2014), Chandrettan Evideya (2015), Amar Akbar Anthony (2015), Adi Kapyare Kootamani (2015), Role Models (2017) and Al Mallu (2020).

Vikramadithyan
Vikramadithyan is a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language action comedy film co-produced and directed by Lal Jose. The film stars Dulquer Salmaan, Unni Mukundan, Namitha Pramod, and Anoop Menon. Nivin Pauly featured in a cameo appearance. The screenplay was written by Iqbal Kuttippuram while Jomon T. John handled the cinematography. The music is composed by Bijibal. The film was released on 25 July 2014, on the occasion of Eid-ul Fitr.
Sidi Bel Abbès Province
Sidi Bel Abbès (Arabic: ولاية سيدي بلعباس) is one of the provinces (wilayas) of Algeria, situated in the northwestern part of the country. Its name is derived from the name of its capital, the city of Sidi Bel Abbès.

Sidi Bel Abbès
Sidi Bel Abbès (Arabic: سيدي بلعباس, romanized: Sīdī Bu ’l-ʿAbbās), also called Bel Abbès, is the capital (2005 pop. 200,000) of the Sidi Bel Abbès wilaya (2005 pop. 590,000), Algeria. It is named after Sidi bel Abbass, a Muslim marabout or noble man who is buried there. The city is the commercial center of an important area of vineyards, market gardens, orchards, and grain fields. It was formerly surrounded by a wall with four gates, and today is home to a university. Sidi Bel Abbès is 75 kilometers from the Mediterranean Sea.
Blackout (Linkin Park song)
"Blackout" is a promotional single by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the ninth track from their 2010 album, A Thousand Suns. The song was written by the band and produced by co-lead vocalist Mike Shinoda and Rick Rubin.

Despite the lack of metal elements, the song does contain significant amounts of screaming (the choruses comprise solely of it), making for one of the more coarse-sounding songs on A Thousand Suns. It also features Chester Bennington singing on most of the song and rapping the verses with Mike Shinoda singing near the end along with Bennington.

Mike Shinoda
Michael Kenji Shinoda (/ʃəˈnoʊdə/ shə-NOH-də; born February 11, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and graphic designer. He co-founded the rock band Linkin Park in 1996 as the band's co-lead vocalist, as well as rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, primary songwriter and producer. He also created the hip-hop-driven side project, Fort Minor, in 2004. He has also served as a producer for tracks and albums by artists such as Lupe Fiasco, Styles of Beyond, and the X-Ecutioners.

Shinoda is also the co-founder of Machine Shop Records, a California-based record label. Outside of music, Shinoda is an artist and graphic designer. He has painted several pieces of artwork, some of which have been featured in the Japanese American National Museum. In 2018, Shinoda released his debut solo album Post Traumatic, which consists of 18 songs about his feelings following the death of Chester Bennington, his Linkin Park bandmate.
Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985
Israel was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 with the song "Olé, Olé", composed by Kobi Oshrat, with lyrics by Hamutal Ben-Ze'ev, and performed by Izhar Cohen. The Israeli participating broadcaster, the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), selected its entry for the contest through Kdam Eurovision 1985. Cohen had previously represented Israel in 1978, winning the contest with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" along with Alphabeta.

A-Ba-Ni-Bi
"A-Ba-Ni-Bi" (Hebrew script: א-ב-ני-בי; bet-language language game for the word אני aní, meaning "I" in Hebrew) is a song recorded by Israeli group Izhar Cohen and the Alphabeta, with music composed by Nurit Hirsh and Hebrew lyrics written by Ehud Manor. It represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978 held in Paris, winning the contest.
Hotel Dnipro
Hotel Dnipro (Ukrainian: Готель Дніпро) is a four-star hotel located in central Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, on European Square, next to Khreschatyk Street and near Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square).

The hotel was built in 1964 in a location which originally was occupied by Kyiv's Hotel Yevropa. The interior and design of the restaurant in the Hotel Dnipro was made by the architect Irma Karakis.

Formally state owned, in July 2020 the hotel was sold to the private real estate company Smartland. Smartland won an open auction with their bid of ₴1,111,111,222.22 (about US$40 million (at the time)).

European Square (Kyiv)
European Square (Ukrainian: Європейська площа, romanized: Yevropeiska ploshcha, pronounced [jeu̯roˈpɛjsʲkɐ ˈplɔʃtʃɐ]) is a square located in what is known as the Old Town (Stare Misto) or the Upper Town, in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. It is also located at the north-eastern end of the Khreschatyk, the city's main thoroughfare. Other streets connected to the square are Tryokhsvyatytelska Street, Volodymyrskyi Descent, and Hrushevsky Street.

In 2013–14 the square was one of the centres of the EuroMaidan protests.
Civic Media Center
The Civic Media Center (CMC) is a nonprofit infoshop, library and reading room in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It was set up in 1993 and in 2009 received the book collection of activist Stetson Kennedy.

Stetson Kennedy
William Stetson Kennedy (October 5, 1916 – August 27, 2011) was an American author, folklorist and human rights activist. One of the pioneer folklore collectors during the first half of the 20th century, he is remembered for having infiltrated the Ku Klux Klan in the 1940s, exposing its secrets to authorities and the outside world. His actions led to the 1947 revocation by the state of Georgia of the Klan's national corporate charter. Kennedy wrote or co-wrote ten books.
1st Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron (Australia)
The 1st Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron (1 APC Sqn) was an armoured unit of the Australian Army raised for service during the Vietnam War. Raised in 1965, the unit was deployed to South Vietnam in May 1966 to join the 1st Australian Task Force. After that 1 APC Sqn was involved in numerous operations in support of the 5th and 6th Battalions, the Royal Australian Regiment, with the most notable action coming on 18 August 1966 when the squadron was involved in the Battle of Long Tan. In January 1967, 1 APC Sqn was redesignated as 'A' Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment.

6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (6 RAR) is a motorised infantry battalion of the Australian Army. It was originally raised in Brisbane, Queensland, on 6 June 1965 and has since then served in a number of overseas deployments and conflicts including South Vietnam, East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan. During the Vietnam War, the battalion earned a US Presidential Unit Citation from the United States when members from 'D' Company participated in the Battle of Long Tan on 18–19 August 1966. The battalion is currently based at Gallipoli Barracks in Brisbane and forms part of the 7th Brigade.
Jean Racine
Jean-Baptiste Racine (/ræˈsiːn/ rass-EEN, US also /rəˈsiːn/ rə-SEEN; French: [ʒɑ̃ batist ʁasin]; 22 December 1639 – 21 April 1699) was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, along with Molière and Corneille, as well as an important literary figure in the Western tradition and world literature. Racine was primarily a tragedian, producing such "examples of neoclassical perfection" as Phèdre, Andromaque, and Athalie. He did write one comedy, Les Plaideurs, and a muted tragedy, Esther, for the young.

Racine's plays displayed his mastery of the dodecasyllabic (12 syllable) French alexandrine. His writing is renowned for its elegance, purity, speed, and fury, and for what American poet Robert Lowell described as a "diamond-edge", and the "glory of its hard, electric rage". Racine's dramaturgy is marked by his psychological insight, the prevailing passion of his characters, and the nakedness of both plot and stage.

Andromaque
Andromaque is a tragedy in five acts by the French playwright Jean Racine written in alexandrine verse. It was first performed on 17 November 1667 before the court of Louis XIV in the Louvre in the private chambers of the Queen, Marie Thérèse, by the royal company of actors, called "les Grands Comédiens", with Thérèse Du Parc in the title role. The company gave the first public performance two days later in the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris. Andromaque, the third of Racine's plays, written at the age of 27, established its author's reputation as one of the great playwrights in France.
Murder of Stephen Oake
DC Stephen Robin Oake was a police officer serving as an anti-terrorism detective with Greater Manchester Police in the United Kingdom who was murdered while attempting to arrest a suspected terrorist in Manchester on 14 January 2003.

He was posthumously awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal.

Greater Manchester Police
Greater Manchester Police (GMP) is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester in North West England.

As of March 2020, Greater Manchester Police employed 6,866 police officers, 3,524 members of police staff, and 560 police community support officers. Additionally, the force has 325 special constables. GMP is headquartered at  Central Park, Northampton Road, Newton Heath, Manchester.

In December 2020, GMP was placed into special measures by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS), after a watchdog report found that GMP did not record one in five crimes between July 2019 and June 2020. They estimated the force failed to log around 80,100 crimes, a high proportion of which were violent offences. Following the announcement, Chief Constable Ian Hopkins resigned from his post.
Gatineau River
The Gatineau River (French: Rivière Gatineau, pronounced [gatino]) is a river in western Quebec, Canada, which rises in lakes north of the Baskatong Reservoir and flows south to join the Ottawa River at the city of Gatineau, Quebec. The river is 386 kilometres (240 mi) long and drains an area of 23,700 square kilometres (9,200 sq mi).

Gatineau
Gatineau (/ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ GAT-in-oh; French: [ɡatino] ⓘ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also part of Canada's National Capital Region. As of 2021, Gatineau is the fourth-largest city in Quebec with a population of 291,041. Gatineau is also part of the Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area with a population of 1,488,307, making it the fourth largest in Canada.

Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of the same name, whose geographical code is 81. It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull.

It is also the most bilingual (French-English) city in Canada.