hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Copyright law of the United Kingdom
Under the law of the United Kingdom, a copyright is an intangible property right subsisting in certain qualifying subject matter. Copyright law is governed by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the 1988 Act), as amended from time to time. As a result of increasing legal integration and harmonisation throughout the European Union a complete picture of the law can only be acquired through recourse to EU jurisprudence, although this is likely to change by the expiration of the Brexit transition period on 31 December 2020, the UK has left the EU on 31 January 2020. On 12 September 2018, the European Parliament approved new copyright rules to help secure the rights of writers and musicians.

Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)
The Intellectual Property Office of the United Kingdom (often referred to as the UK IPO) is, since 2 April 2007, the operating name of The Patent Office. It is the official government body responsible for intellectual property rights in the UK and is an executive agency of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT).
Bogyoke Aung San Stadium
The Bogyoke Aung San Stadium (Burmese: ဗိုလ်ချုပ် အောင်ဆန်း အားကစားကွင်း, MLCTS: buil hkyup aung hcan: a: ka. ca: kwang:) is a multi-purpose stadium located in downtown Yangon, Myanmar. It was built as an athletic ground in 1906, which was completed in 1909 and named as Burma Athletic Association Ground, where many sports were held such as cricket, football and tennis. The 400 m (1,300 ft) runway was constructed in 1935.

BAA Ground
The Burma Athletic Association Ground (BAA Ground) was a cricket ground in Rangoon, Burma (today Yangon, Myanmar). It was built as an athletic ground in 1906, which was completed in 1909, where many sports were held such as cricket, football and tennis. The first and only recorded match on the ground came in 1927 when Burma played its only first-class match against the touring Marylebone Cricket Club. The match ended in a heavy defeat for Burma. Cricket in Burma (which was at the time administered as part of the British Raj) was a mainly British affair, with the game played by British officials. With Burmese independence in 1948, cricket became largely extinct in the country, and The BAA Ground was renovated and renamed as Bogyoke Aung San Stadium in 1953.
First Djerad government
The first Djerad government (Arabic: حكومة جراد الأولى) is the forty-sixth government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. It is a government formed by Abdelaziz Djerad on 2 January 2020 under President Abdelmadjid Tebboune.

Abdelaziz Djerad
Abdelaziz Djerad (Arabic: عبد العزيز جراد; born 12 February 1954) is an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Algeria from 28 December 2019 to 30 June 2021. In September 2021, he was appointed ambassador to Sweden.
Dayton Aviators
The Dayton Aviators were a minor league baseball team based in Dayton, Ohio. From 1928 to 1930, the Aviators played as members of the Class B level Central League, winning the 1928 league championship. The Aviators hosted home games at North Side Park.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Billy Herman played for the 1929 Dayton Aviators.

Central League (1900)
The Central League was a minor league baseball league that operated sporadically in 1900, from 1903–1917, 1920–1922, 1926, 1928–1930, 1934, and 1948–1951. In 1926, the league merged mid-season with the Michigan State League and played under that name for the remainder of the season. The Central League later reformed in 1928.

The Central League hosted teams from 37 cities over its six decades of league play. Teams from the states of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia were represented.
Panjshir River
The Panjshir River flows through the Panjshir Valley in northeastern Afghanistan, 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Kabul. Its main tributary is the Ghorband River which flows from the Parwan Province and joins the Panjshir River 10 km east of Charikar in Bagram District. The Panjshir River takes its source near the Anjuman Pass, flows southward through the Hindu Kush and joins the Kabul River at Surobi.

Florentia Sale crossed this river during her captivity under Wazir Akbar Khan in 1842 during the First Anglo-Afghan War. A dam was built on the Panjshir River near Surobi in the 1950s to supply water from the Panjshir River to the Kabul River. There is just one permanent bridge on the Panjshir River that provides access to the Bagram Airport. On 12 July 2018, a flood in Panjshir Valley killed ten people.

Kabul River
The Kabul River (Pashto: د کابل سیند, romanized: Də Kābəl Sind; Dari: دریای کابل, romanized: Daryā-yi Kābul), anciently known as the Kubha (Sanskrit: कुभा, romanized: Kubhā) and Cophen (Ancient Greek: Κωφήν, romanized: Kōphḗn; /ˈkoʊfeɪn/), is a 700-kilometre-long (430 mi) river that emerges in the Sanglakh Range of the Hindu Kush mountains in the northeastern part of Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan. It is separated from the watershed of the Helmand River by the Unai Pass. The Kabul River empties into the Indus River near Attock, Pakistan. It is the main river in eastern Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
Don Lafferty
Don Lafferty (1933–1998) was a Grandmaster checkers (British English: draughts) player.  In 1982 he  defeated Derek Oldbury for the World GAYP (Go as you please) championship with a score of 1-0-23.  He was challenged for the championship in 1984 by Paul Davis, winning easily 5-0-15. In 1986 he defended his title again by drawing James Morrison with a score of 0-0-24 and in 1989 he defeated Elbert Lowder 4-3-16.

He contested for the 3-move restriction title twice in his career but never succeeded.  In 1987 he failed to defeat 
Marion Tinsley, losing by a score of 2-0-36.  In 1996 he tried again, this time against Ron King, but he only managed a 5-5-30 draw.

In his matches with Chinook he had 8 wins, 7 losses and 109 draws.

Marion Tinsley
Marion Franklin Tinsley (February 3, 1927 – April 3, 1995) was an American mathematician and checkers player. He is widely considered the greatest checkers player ever. Tinsley was world champion from 1955–1958 and 1975–1991 and never lost a world championship match. He lost only seven games (two to the Chinook computer program, one in a simultaneous exhibition) from 1950 until his death in 1995. He withdrew from championship play between 1958–1975, relinquishing the title during that time.  Derek Oldbury, sometimes considered the second-best player of all time, thought Tinsley was "to checkers what Leonardo da Vinci was to science, what Michelangelo was to art and what Beethoven was to music."
Indya Kincannon
Indya Kincannon (born March 30, 1971) is an American politician serving since 2019 as the 69th mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee. She won the 2019 mayoral election with more than 52% of the runoff vote over Eddie Mannis. She is Knoxville's second female mayor, after her predecessor, Madeline Rogero. Though elected in a nonpartisan municipal election, Kincannon is affiliated with the Democratic Party.

Eddie Mannis
Eddie Mannis (born April 14, 1959) is an American former politician, who was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 2020-2022. He represented the 18th House District as a member of the Tennessee Republican Party.

Mannis, a businessman from Knoxville, previously ran for mayor of the city in the 2019 Knoxville mayoral election, winning the first round but losing the runoff to Indya Kincannon. His victory in the 2020 Republican state house primaries was initially challenged by candidate Gina Oster on the grounds that Mannis had voted in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, but was upheld after Mannis affirmed that he is a moderate Republican and voted crossover solely to prevent Bernie Sanders or Elizabeth Warren from becoming the Democratic nominee.

Alongside Torrey Harris, Mannis was of the first two openly LGBT state representatives elected in Tennessee.

Mannis did not seek a second term to the legislature in 2022.
Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique
The Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique, founded in 1989 by John Eliot Gardiner, performs Classical and Romantic music using the principles and original instruments of historically informed performance. The orchestra has recorded symphonies, operas, concertos, and other works of Beethoven, Berlioz, Brahms, Gluck, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Verdi, and Weber. The orchestra and the Monteverdi Choir performed a premiere recording (audio and TV) of the Berlioz Messe solennelle in Westminster Cathedral, London 1993.
 The orchestra performed in the BBC television film Eroica, a dramatisation of Beethoven's own performance of his third symphony.

John Eliot Gardiner
Sir John Eliot Gardiner (born 20 April 1943) is an English conductor, particularly known for his performances of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, especially the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage of 2000, performing Bach's church cantatas in liturgical order in churches all over Europe, and New York City, with the Monteverdi Choir, and recording them at the locations.
Digest Writer
Digest Writer (Urdu: ڈائجسٹ رائٹر) is a Pakistani drama series that premiered on Hum TV on 5 October 2014. The serial is penned by Umera Ahmad and directed by Syed Ahmed Kamran. It stars Saba Qamar, Agha Ali, and Gohar Rasheed.

The series received seven nominations at the annual Hum TV awards.

Gohar Rasheed
Mirza Gohar Rasheed (born 2 May 1984) is a Pakistani actor.

He is known for the 2013 film Seedlings, which earned him a nomination for best actor in a supporting role at the 2012 New York Film Festival and the 1st ARY Film Awards, and nomination for best actor at the 13th Lux Style Awards. He also appeared in the 2022 film The Legend of Maula Jatt.
Penleigh Boyd
Theodore Penleigh Boyd (15 August 1890 – 27 November 1923) was an Australian artist.

Penleigh Boyd was a member of the Boyd artistic dynasty: his parents Arthur Merric Boyd (1862–1940) and Emma Minnie Boyd (née à Beckett) were well-known artists of the day, and his brothers included the ceramicist Merric Boyd (1888–1959) and the novelist Martin Boyd (1893–1972). His son Robin Boyd (1919–1971) was an architect, educator and social commentator, and his nephews Arthur Boyd, Guy Boyd and David Boyd were artists.

Penleigh Boyd is best known as a landscapist with an accomplished handling of evanescent effects of light. A notable influence was artist E. Phillips Fox, who introduced him to plein air techniques when they were neighbours in Paris in 1912–3. At his death his obituarists compared him to Arthur Streeton and rated him as one of the most promising painters of his generation.

Arthur Merric Boyd
Arthur Merric Boyd (19 March 1862 – 30 July 1940) was an Australian painter. He and his wife Emma Minnie (née à Beckett) established a lifestyle of being artists, which many generations followed to create the popular image of the Boyd family.
Mama's Dirty Girls
Mama's Dirty Girls is a 1974 exploitation film starring Gloria Grahame and Candice Rialson about a woman and her three daughters who murder men for money.

Producer Ed Carlin later commented, "If you haven’t seen it, you didn’t miss much."

Candice Rialson
Candice Ann Rialson (December 18, 1951 – March 31, 2006), also known as Candy Rialson, was an American actress known for her starring role in Hollywood Boulevard (1976). According to one obituary, "although never reluctant to take her clothes off, Rialson was always more 'cutie' than sleazy, but she became so notorious for her B-movie work that mainstream directors hesitated to hire her". She has been called "perhaps the best ‘70s exploitation star of them all".

She inspired the character played by Bridget Fonda in Jackie Brown.
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Obstetric Hospital and its predecessor organisations provided health care to women in central London from the mid-Victorian era. It was named after Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, one of Britain's first female physicians, and its work continues in the modern Elizabeth Garrett Anderson wing of University College Hospital, part of UCLH NHS Foundation Trust.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (9 June 1836 – 17 December 1917) was an English physician and suffragist. She is known for being the first woman to qualify in Britain as a physician and surgeon and as a co-founder and dean of the London School of Medicine for Women, which was the first medical school in Britain to train women as doctors. She was the first female dean of a British medical school, the first woman in Britain to be elected to a school board and, as mayor of Aldeburgh, the first female mayor in Britain.
St. Laurence High School
St. Laurence High School is a co-educational, STEM-based high school founded in 1961. Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, the school is conducted by the Congregation of Christian Brothers and is named for the Irish Saint Laurence O'Toole.

The school is located in the southwest Chicago suburb of Burbank, Illinois, adjacent to the property of the former Queen of Peace High School, a private, all-female Catholic high school that closed in 2017. St. Laurence became co-ed beginning with the 2017–2018 school year after Queen of Peace closed.

Congregation of Christian Brothers
The Congregation of Christian Brothers (Latin: Congregatio Fratrum Christianorum; abbreviated CFC) is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice.

Their first school opened in Waterford, Ireland, in 1802. At the time of its foundation, though much relieved from the harshest of the Penal Laws by the Relief Acts, Catholics faced much discrimination throughout the newly created United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pending full Catholic emancipation in 1829.

This congregation is sometimes referred to as simply "the Christian Brothers", leading to confusion with the De La Salle Brothers—also known as the Christian Brothers, sometimes by Lasallian organisations themselves. As such, Rice's congregation is sometimes called the Irish Christian Brothers or the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers.
Edna Lake
Edna Lake is an alpine lake in Boise County, Idaho, United States, located high in the Sawtooth Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area.  The lake is approximately 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Stanley and 14.5 miles (23.3 km) southeast of Grandjean.  Located in the remote central Sawtooth Wilderness, Edna Lake can be reached by trails from many directions, including the Sawtooth Valley (east), Grandjean (northwest), Redfish Lake (north), and Atlanta (south).

Edna Lake is in a basin with several other lakes, including Vernon Lake and Virginia Lake along the spine of the Sawtooths just below the border of Boise, Custer, and Elmore counties.

Edna Lake is in the Sawtooth Wilderness and wilderness permit can be obtained at trailheads.

Sawtooth Wilderness
The Sawtooth Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers 217,088 acres (87,852 ha) of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it was designated the Sawtooth Primitive Area in 1937 to preserve the scenic beauty of the Sawtooth Mountains. On August 22, 1972 Public Law 92-400 designated the Primitive Area as the Sawtooth Wilderness and part of the newly created Sawtooth National Recreation Area. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Sawtooth Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the Sawtooth Wilderness has some of the clearest air in the lower 48 states.
Sautee Valley Historic District
The Sautee Valley Historic District comprises the southern half of the Sautee Valley, near Sautee, Georgia.  Lynch Mountain is to the southeast, Grimes Nose is to the northwest, and the Nacoochee Valley is to the southwest. There are historic and prehistoric resources, mostly along the edges of the valley.  Historic structures include houses, farms, stores, and other typical buildings dating from the 19th and early 20th centuries.  Prehistoric resources include ceremonial and settlement sites and feature Nacoochee Mound, an earthwork platform mound on the banks of the Chattahoochee River.  This area is adjacent to the Nacoochee Valley Historic District.  The historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.

Nacoochee Valley Historic District
The Nacoochee Valley Historic District is in White County, Georgia. The valley is enclosed by Mount Yonah, and Sal Mountain. Manmade objects in the valley span centuries. The most obvious Native American artifact is the Nacoochee Mound at the western edge of the valley, which is 17 feet tall and 70 feet in diameter. There are structures throughout the district since the settlement of European people in the 1820s.  The Richardson-Lumsden house and the Williams-Dyer Residence date from the early period of settlement by European people. The most elaborate structure is the Nichols-Hunnicutt-Hardman House. The area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is adjacent to the Sautee Valley Historic District.
Lake Beeac
Lake Beeac, a hypersaline endorheic lake, is located beside the small town of Beeac in the Lakes and Craters region of the Victorian Volcanic Plains of south-west Victoria, in southeastern Australia. The 560-hectare (1,400-acre) lake is situated about 19 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Colac, and its high salinity gives it a milky-blue colour. The lake is part of the Ramsar-listed Western District Lakes site, and enjoys international recognition of its wetland values and some protection for its waterbirds.

Western District Lakes
The Western District Lakes of Victoria, in the Western District of Victoria, south-eastern Australia, were recognised on 15 December 1982 as wetlands of international importance by listing under the Ramsar Convention, as Ramsar site no.268.
Michael Cimino (actor)
Michael Cimino (/sɪˈmiːnoʊ/ sih-MEE-noh; born November 10, 1999) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Victor Salazar in the Hulu television series Love, Victor, Bob Palmeri in Annabelle Comes Home and Ethan Morales on Never Have I Ever. Since 2022, he has voiced Kevin Grant-Gomez from the Disney Channel animated series Hamster & Gretel. On November 10, 2022, he released his debut EP, I'm Somewhere Out There.

Hamster & Gretel
Hamster & Gretel is an American animated superhero comedy television series created by Phineas and Ferb and Milo Murphy's Law co-creator Dan Povenmire that first aired on Disney Channel on August 12, 2022. In January 2023, the series was renewed for a second season that debuted on September 14, 2024. The series' name is a pun on the fairy tale "Hansel and Gretel".
Royal Grammar School, Newcastle upon Tyne
The Royal Grammar School (RGS), Newcastle upon Tyne, is a coeducational private day school for pupils aged between 7 and 18 years. Founded in 1525 by Thomas Horsley, the Mayor of Newcastle upon Tyne, it received royal foundation by Queen Elizabeth I and is the city's oldest institution of learning. It is one of seven schools in the United Kingdom to bear the name "Royal Grammar School", of which two others are part of the independent sector.

The school is located in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, in North East England, and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference. In 2008, RGS became fully co-educational after nearly 500 years as an all boys' school. Former students are known as Old Novocastrians or Old Novos ("Novocastrian" is macaronic Latin for "citizen of Newcastle").

In 2012 and again in 2015, the Sunday Times Schools Guide named RGS the top performing school in the North of England based on academic results from A-levels and GCSEs.

Thomas Horsley
Thomas Horsley (1462–ca.1545) was a Northumberland corn merchant and merchant adventurer, who by the start of 16th century was a prominent citizen of Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. As well as becoming a local magistrate, he was Sheriff of Newcastle in 1512 and its Lord Mayor in 1514, 1519, 1524–5 (for consecutive years) and 1533. In various official capacities, Horsley played an active role in defending the town's mercantile interests, and in 1522, during the Anglo-Scottish Wars, also served as a captain in forces of the English crown under the command of Lord Conyers. He is remembered today primarily as the founder of Newcastle's Royal Grammar School.
Roberto Sanz
Roberto Sanz (born 11 May 1908, date of death unknown) was a Spanish boxer. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics. At the 1928 Summer Olympics, he lost to Carlo Orlandi of Italy.

Carlo Orlandi
Carlo Orlandi (23 April 1910 – 29 July 1983) was an Italian boxer who won a gold medal at the 1928 Olympics. In 1929 Orlandi turned professional.  During the 1930s Orlandi held both the Italian and European lightweight titles. He then won the Italian welterweight title in 1941 and retired in 1944. Orlandi was deaf.
Limentra orientale
The Limentra orientale (also: Limentra di Treppio) is a mountain river in Italy, a right tributary of the Reno. Its valley runs roughly from southwest to northeast, on the north side of the Apennine Mountains. Its upper valley is part of the Natura 2000 protected area Tre Limentre – Reno. Near Suviana is a 97 m (318 ft) high dam, creating one of the largest reservoirs of the Apennines, Lake Suviana, with a capacity of about 46,000,000 cubic metres (1.6×109 cu ft). It was built between 1928 and 1932 and is used for hydropower. The Bargi hydroelectric power station, site of a deadly explosion in April 2024, is situated at Lake Suviana. The Limentra orientale enters the Metropolitan City of Bologna near Lentula and Treppio. It flows into the Reno after 41 kilometres (25 mi), near Riola di Vergato.

Reno (river)
The Reno (Italian: [ˈrɛːno]; Emilian: Raggn [ˈrɐɲː] or Ränn [ˈræŋː]) is a river of Emilia-Romagna and Tuscany, northern Italy. At 211 km (131 mi), it is the tenth longest river in Italy (the sixth longest of those that flow directly into the sea) and the most important of the region apart from the Po.

It has a drainage basin of 4,628 square kilometres (1,787 mi2). The annual average discharge at the mouth is about 95 cubic metres per second (3,400 cu ft/s); at the point where the river flows into the Pianura Padana (Po River Plain), it amounts to about 25 cubic metres per second (880 cu ft/s). The highest values registered at its outflow into the Po Plain have approached 2,300 cubic metres per second (81,000 cu ft/s), but the typical value when the river is in flood is around 1,000 cubic metres per second (35,000 cu ft/s). The minimal discharge reported is 0.6 cubic metres per second (21 cu ft/s).
Roman Sadovsky
Roman Sadovsky (born May 31, 1999) is a Canadian figure skater and YouTuber. He is the 2019 NHK Trophy bronze medalist, a six-time ISU Challenger Series medalist (1 gold, 1 silver, 4 bronze), and a two-time Canadian national champion (2020, 2025). He also represented Canada at the 2022 Winter Olympics.

On the junior level, he is a two-time ISU Junior Grand Prix gold medalist and placed fourth at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics.

Keegan Messing
Keegan Messing (born January 23, 1992) is a Canadian-American figure skater. Representing Canada, he has competed at two Winter Olympic Games in 2018 and 2022. He has also appeared at three World Championships, placing as high as sixth. He is the 2023 Four Continents silver medalist, 2021 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb champion, a two-time Nebelhorn Trophy champion (2018 and 2022), and a two-time Grand Prix medalist. At the national level, he is a two time Canadian national (2022 and 2023) champion.

Previously, representing the United States, he was the two-time International Cup of Nice champion (2011, 2012) and the 2012 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist. He placed fourth at the 2010 World Junior Championships.