hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mahogany Ship
The Mahogany Ship is a putative early Australian shipwreck that is believed by some to lie beneath the sand in the Armstrong Bay area, approximately 3 to 6 kilometres (1.9 to 3.7 mi) west of Warrnambool in southwest Victoria, Australia. In many modern accounts it is described as a Spanish or Portuguese caravel after the wreck was associated with the theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia by Kenneth McIntyre in his 1977 book The Secret Discovery of Australia. The most recent research has questioned this theory and provided other explanations.

Three Mahogany Ship Symposia have been conducted in nearby Warrnambool in 1981, 1987 and 2005, attracting significant public and academic interest and the contributions of Manning Clark, Barry Jones, Kenneth McIntyre, Lawrence Fitzgerald, Ian McKiggan, Bill Richardson, Edmund Gill, Jack Loney and many others.

Dieppe maps
The Dieppe maps are a series of world maps and atlases produced in Dieppe, France, in the 1540s, 1550s, and 1560s. They are large hand-produced works, commissioned for wealthy and royal patrons, including Kings Henry II of France and Henry VIII of England. The Dieppe school of cartographers included Pierre Desceliers, Jean Rotz, Guillaume Le Testu, Guillaume Brouscon and Nicolas Desliens.
Yayan Ruhian
Yayan Ruhian (born 19 October 1968) is an Indonesian martial artist and actor. He is known for co-starring in Gareth Evans' films The Raid (2011) as Mad Dog, The Raid 2 (2014) as Prakoso, Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) as Tasu Leech, and Beyond Skyline (2017) as the police chief. He reprised this role in Skylines (2020).

Skylines (film)
Skylines (stylized as SKYLIN3S, and also known as Skyline 3) is a 2020 American science fiction action film co-produced and directed by Liam O'Donnell which he wrote from a story he developed with producer Matthew E. Chausse. It is a sequel to Beyond Skyline (2017), and the third installment in the Skyline film series.

The film premiered at the London FrightFest film festival on October 25, 2020, and was released on December 18, 2020, in the United States in theaters and on Apple TV by Vertical Entertainment (all during the COVID-19 pandemic).
Kusum Sikder
Kushum Sikder is a Bangladeshi television and film actress, singer and model, writer and poet. She was born on the 12th of April, 1981, marking the beginning of a journey that would shape her into the person she is today. She won Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Actress in a leading role in the film Shankhachil (2016).

Shankhachil
Shankhachil (Brahminy kite, Bengali: শঙ্খচিল) is a 2016 Indo-Bangladesh joint production Bengali-language historical Drama film, written by Sayantani Putatunda, starring Prosenjit, Kusum Sikder, Shajbati and directed by Goutam Ghose. This film is named after the bird Brahminy kite which is used by many Bengali poets like Jibanananda Das.

Shankhachil was well received by Upam Buzarbaruah, writing in The Times of India. It won the Best Feature Film in Bengali award at 63rd National Film Awards. It was also selected for the Montreal World Film Festival.
George Tupou I
George Tupou I (4 December 1797 – 18 February 1893), originally known as Tāufaʻāhau I, was the first king of modern Tonga. Originally controlling a disputed piece of land in Haʻapai, he expanded to control Vavaʻu, Tongatapu, and other islands.

Haʻapai
Haʻapai is a group of islands, islets, reefs, and shoals in the central part of Tonga. It has a combined land area of 109.30 square kilometres (42.20 sq mi). The Tongatapu island group lies to its south, and the Vavaʻu group lies to its north. Seventeen of the Haʻapai islands are inhabited. Their combined population is 5,419. The highest point in the Ha‘apai group, and in all of Tonga, is on Kao, which rises almost 1,050 metres (3,440 ft) above sea level.

The administrative capital village of Haʻapai District is Pangai, which is located on Lifuka.
The Grey House, Highgate
The Grey House at 85 Swains Lane in Highgate in north London, is a house built in 2008 by the architectural firm Eldridge Smerin.

The house was one of the 97 recipients of the RIBA Award in 2009 and was shortlisted for RIBA's London Building of the Year award.

Highgate Cemetery
Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in North London, England, designed by architect Stephen Geary. There are approximately 170,000 people buried in around 53,000 graves across the West and East sides. Highgate Cemetery is notable both for some of the people buried there either in coffins or urns as well as for its de facto status as a nature reserve. The Cemetery is designated Grade I on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Little Jack Sheppard
Little Jack Sheppard is a burlesque melodrama written by Henry Pottinger Stephens and William Yardley, with music by Meyer Lutz, with songs contributed by Florian Pascal, Corney Grain, Arthur Cecil, Michael Watson, Henry J. Leslie, Alfred Cellier and Hamilton Clarke.  The comedy lampooned the serious plays based on the life of Jack Sheppard, especially the popular 1839 play by John Buckstone, which was in turn based on the novel of that year by William Harrison Ainsworth.

The piece opened at the Gaiety Theatre in London on 26 December 1885 and initially ran for 155 performances. It featured Nellie Farren as Jack Sheppard, Fred Leslie as Jonathan Wild, David James as Blueskin. Marion Hood and Sylvia Grey. Other cast members included Willie Warde, who also choreographed the dances. The piece was presented in the U.S. and Australia in 1886 and was given revivals and extensive tours in Britain for nearly a decade.

Meyer Lutz
Wilhelm Meyer Lutz (19 May 1829 – 31 January 1903) was a German-born British composer and conductor who is best known for light music, musical theatre and burlesques of well-known works.

Emigrating to the UK at the age of 19, Lutz started as an organist and soon became a theatrical conductor in London. After serving from 1850 to 1855 as music director of the Surrey Theatre, Lutz conducted touring opera companies and composed some serious music and music for the Christy Minstrels.  In 1869, he was engaged as the music director of the Gaiety Theatre, London, arranging and later composing a series of popular burlesques over the next 25 years. Lutz continued to compose songs into the 20th century.
Catwalk (film)
Catwalk is a 1995 American documentary film by Robert Leacock, following model Christy Turlington during Spring Fashion Week in Milan, Paris and New York City. Despite being filmed in 1993, it premiered in 1995.

Christy Turlington
Christy Nicole Turlington Burns (née Turlington; born January 2, 1969) is an American fashion model. She initially attracted fame in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a supermodel. She represented Calvin Klein's Eternity campaign in 1989 and again in 2014, and also represents Maybelline. Grace Coddington, the long-time creative director of American Vogue magazine, has described Turlington as "the most beautiful woman in the world."
Derby Dam
Derby Dam is a diversion dam built from 1903 to 1905 on the Truckee River, located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Reno in Storey and Washoe counties in Nevada, United States. It diverts water into the Truckee Canal that would otherwise enter  Pyramid Lake. The canal feeds Lake Lahontan reservoir in the Carson River watershed, where it is used for irrigation.

It was the first project of the newly organized U.S. Reclamation Service (known today as the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation), organized by the Reclamation Act of 1902.

As a result of the diversion, Winnemucca Lake lost inflow and dried up, and Pyramid Lake lost more than 80 feet (24 m) in elevation, resulting in the near-extinction of the Lahontan cutthroat trout.

The dam is operated by the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District. It was named after the Derby Southern Pacific Railroad station.

Lahontan cutthroat trout
Lahontan cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus henshawi, (formerly, O. clarkii henshawi) formerly all grouped together as the cutthroat trout under a single species Oncorhynchus clarkii with many subspecies, is a fish species of the family Salmonidae native to cold-water tributaries of the Basin and Range province of Nevada, as well as adjoining areas of southeast Oregon and northeastern California. As a member of the genus Oncorhynchus, it is a part of the Pacific trout group, which includes the widely distributed rainbow trout. cutthroat trout are popular gamefish, especially among fly fishing anglers. The common name "cutthroat" refers to the iconic red slash on the underside of the lower jaw. This species includes the type subspecies, the giant Lahontan cutthroat trout found in Pyramid Lake.
Fortunio (opera)
Fortunio is a comédie lyrique or opera in four acts (originally five) and five tableaux by the French composer André Messager. The libretto by Gaston Arman de Caillavet and Robert de Flers is based on Alfred de Musset's 1835 comedy Le Chandelier.

It was first performed by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart in Paris, on 5 June 1907, and remained part of the regular repertory until the 1940s. In recent years it has been revived in several productions in France and other countries.

The opera has no spoken dialogue and comprises completely sung recitative and arias. Fortunio, clerk to the lawyer Maître André, becomes the decoy for an affair between Jacqueline – the lawyer's wife – and Clavaroche, an army officer,  Fortunio falls in love with Jacqueline before discovering what is going on between her and the officer. Eventually she falls for Fortunio's innocent charm and sends Clavaroche away.

Alfred de Musset
Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay (French: [alfʁɛd də mysɛ]; 11 December 1810 – 2 May 1857) was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist. Along with his poetry, he is known for writing the autobiographical novel La Confession d'un enfant du siècle (The Confession of a Child of the Century).
Double Trouble (1992 film)
Double Trouble is a 1992 action comedy film released theatrically in limited release on February 14, 1992 and on home video. It stars the "Barbarian Brothers"—Peter and David Paul—and is directed by John Paragon. Co-stars include Troy Donahue, James Doohan, Collin Bernsen, Bill Mumy, Roddy McDowall, David Carradine and Lewis Arquette. The Barbarian Brothers appeared in person at the Marina Twins Cinema, one of five Honolulu movie theaters playing the title. The film was released on home video on VHS and LaserDisc in 1992. The film was issued on DVD by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Home Video's Limited Edition Collection series in 2015. Kino Lorber released the film on Blu-ray in 2023.

David Paul (actor)
David Paul (March 8, 1957 – March 6, 2020) was an American actor and bodybuilder. He and his twin brother Peter were born in Hartford, Connecticut and grew up in Rhode Island. The death of David was confirmed by his twin brother Peter. David died just two days before the twins' 63rd birthday.
Clarence Major
Clarence Major (born December 31, 1936) is an American poet, painter, and novelist; and winner of the 2015 "Lifetime Achievement Award in the Fine Arts", presented by the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation. He was awarded the 2016 PEN Oakland/Reginald Lockett Lifetime Achievement Award.

Gus Nall
Gus Nall (1919–1995) was an American painter during the mid-20th century in Chicago, Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. Born in Illinois, Nall’s most known work is his painting "Lincoln Speaks to Freedmen on the Steps of the Capital at Richmond" (1963), which was commissioned by the state of Illinois in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.
In the Company of Men
In the Company of Men is a 1997 American black comedy film, written and directed by Neil LaBute and starring Aaron Eckhart, Matt Malloy, and Stacy Edwards. The film, which was adapted from a play written by LaBute and served as his feature film debut, won him the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.

The film revolves around two male co-workers, Chad and Howard, who, angry and frustrated with women in general, plot to toy maliciously with the emotions of a deaf female subordinate. It was first written as a play, which debuted at Brigham Young University in December 1992, and received a 1993 Drama AML Award from the Association for Mormon Letters.

Stacy Edwards
Stacy Edwards is an American actress. She appeared in a number of B movies before her breakthrough role in the 1997 black comedy film In the Company of Men, for which she received Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead nomination. Edwards later had roles in films such as Primary Colors (1998), Black and White (1999), and Driven (2001), and was a regular cast member in the drama series Chicago Hope (1997–1999).
Sisters on the Road
Sisters on the Road (Korean: 지금, 이대로가 좋아요; RR: Jigeum, idaeroga joayo; lit. 'Now, things are just fine as they are') is a South Korean independent film written and directed by Boo Ji-young, and starring Shin Min-a and Gong Hyo-jin.

Filming was in 2007 and its world premiere was at the 2008 Busan International Film Festival. It was released in South Korean theaters in 2009.

Gong Hyo-jin
Gong Hyo-jin (Korean: 공효진; born April 4, 1980) is a South Korean actress. She is best known for her leading role in the film Crush and Blush (2008), as well as for her popular television series Sang Doo! Let's Go to School (2003), Thank You (2007), Pasta (2010), The Greatest Love (2011), Master's Sun (2013), It's Okay, That's Love (2014), The Producers (2015), Don't Dare to Dream (2016), and When the Camellia Blooms (2019).

She is considered to be the queen of romantic comedies due to her successful portrayals in her rom-com dramas. In 2019, she was Gallup Korea's Television Actor of the Year.
Walther von Hünersdorff
Walther von Hünersdorff (28 November 1898 – 17 July 1943) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 6th Panzer Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and was killed during the Battle of Kursk.

6th Panzer Division
The 6th Panzer Division (English: 6th Tank Division) was an armoured division in the German Army, the Heer, during World War II, established in October 1939.

The division, initially formed as a light brigade, participated in the invasions of Poland, Belgium, France and the Soviet Union. From 1941 to 1945 it fought on the Eastern Front, interrupted only by periods of refitting spent in France and Germany. It eventually surrendered to US forces in Czechoslovakia in May 1945 but was handed over to Soviet authorities, where the majority of its remaining men would be imprisoned in Gulag hard labour camps.
La Neuveville District
La Neuveville District is one of three French-speaking districts of the Bernese Jura in the canton of Bern with the seat being La Neuveville, the other two being Courtelary and Moutier. It had a population of about 6,083 in 2004.

From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Bernese Jura administrative district, whose administrative centre is Courtelary.

Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.

Bernese Jura
Bernese Jura (French: Jura bernois, French pronunciation: [ʒyʁa bɛʁnwa], German: Berner Jura) is the name for the French-speaking area of the Swiss canton of Bern, and from 2010 one of ten administrative divisions of the canton.

Comprising the three French-speaking districts in the northern part of the canton, it contains 39 municipalities with an area of 522.11 km2 (201.59 sq mi) and a population (as of December 2020) of 53,715. More than 90% of the population of the three districts speaks French.

From 1815 to 1979, the Bernese Jura comprised seven districts. Three of these seceded to form the canton of Jura in 1979, while a fourth, the Laufen district, joined the canton of Basel-Landschaft in 1994. Additionally, Moutier, a municipality, voted to secede from Bern in a referendum in 2021 and joined Jura on 1 January 2026.
Kirk Schuring
James Kirk Schuring (September 17, 1952 – November 22, 2024) was an American politician of the Republican Party from the state of Ohio. He was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1993 to 2002, and from 2011 to 2018. Schuring also served in the Ohio Senate from 2003 to 2010, before returning in 2018 and serving there until his death.

In 2018, Schuring was interim Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, following the resignation of Speaker Cliff Rosenberger. Rosenberger resigned amid revelations he was under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He was also the Republican nominee for Ohio's 16th congressional district in the 2008 election.

Cliff Rosenberger
Cliff Rosenberger (born April 23, 1981) is a former American politician who was a Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving the 91st District from 2011 until 2018. He was Speaker of the House from 2015 until 2018. It was announced that Kirk Schuring would take over as the interim speaker. Rosenberger represented a large southern Ohio district that includes Wilmington, Hillsboro and Waverly.

On April 10, 2018, he announced he would resign effective May 1, 2018 amid an FBI investigation of his "lavish lifestyle" and "relationships with lobbyists and donors." On April 12, 2018, Rosenberger announced he was immediately resigning.
Yamilet Peña
Yamilet Peña Abreu (born 4 December 1992 in Santo Domingo) is an elite artistic gymnast from the Dominican Republic who won a gold medal at the 2014 World Challenge Cup and the 2012 Pan American Championship in vault and a bronze medal at the 2012 World Cup. She is known for her execution of the Produnova—a handspring double front on vault. She qualified for the vault finals at the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2011 and the 2013 World Championships.

Peña won a silver medal in vault during the IV ALBA Games and qualified for the finals in the same apparatus at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games and the 2011 Pan American Games. Peña won the women's artistic gymnastics Athlete of the Year by the Dominican Republic Olympic Committee from 2008 to 2013.

Yelena Produnova
Yelena Sergeyevna Produnova, also known as Elena (Russian: Елена Серге́евна Продунова; born 15 February 1980), is a Russian former competitive gymnast. Her senior international career lasted from 1995 to 2000 and earned her multiple world and Olympic medals. One of the most difficult vaults in women's gymnastics, the Produnova, is named after her. With a D-score of 6.0, the Produnova vault is tied with the Biles as having the second highest D-score in women's vault in the 2021–2024 quadrennium.
Perturbation function
In mathematical optimization, the perturbation function is any function which relates to primal and dual problems.  The name comes from the fact that any such function defines a perturbation of the initial problem.  In many cases this takes the form of shifting the constraints.

In some texts the value function is called the perturbation function, and the perturbation function is called the bifunction.

Duality (optimization)
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization problem (and vice versa). Any feasible solution to the primal (minimization) problem is at least as large as any feasible solution to the dual (maximization) problem. Therefore, the solution to the primal is an upper bound to the solution of the dual, and the solution of the dual is a lower bound to the solution of the primal. This fact is called weak duality.

In general, the optimal values of the primal and dual problems need not be equal. Their difference is called the duality gap. For convex optimization problems, the duality gap is zero under a constraint qualification condition. This fact is called strong duality.
Apache War Smoke
Apache War Smoke is a 1952 American Western film directed by Harold F. Kress and starring Gilbert Roland, Glenda Farrell, and Robert Horton. The film is based on the 1939 short story "Stage Station" by Ernest Haycox. It was released by MGM on September 25, 1952. An outlaw murders several Apaches and flees to a stagecoach station with the tribe in hot pursuit.

Gilbert Roland
Luis Antonio Dámaso de Alonso (December 11, 1905 – May 15, 1994), known professionally as Gilbert Roland, was a Mexican-born American film and television actor whose career spanned seven decades from the 1920s until the 1980s. He was twice nominated for the Golden Globe Award in 1952 and 1964 and inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960.
Yechezkel Shraga Halberstam
Rabbi Yechezkel Shraga Halberstam (1813–1898), known as the Shinever Rov (Rabbi of  Sieniawa), was the eldest son of the Divrei Chaim, Rabbi Chaim Halberstam of Sanz. He was famous for his disagreements with his father on matters of halakha (Jewish Law). Rabbi Yechezkel was a student of Rabbi Osher Yeshaya of Ropshitz, Rabbi Hersh of Rymanow and the Sar Shulem of Belz.

Chaim Halberstam
Chaim Halberstam of Sanz (1793–1876) (Hebrew: חיים הלברשטאם מצאנז), known as the Divrei Chaim after the title of his writings, was the rabbi of Sanz (Polish: Nowy Sącz), and the founding rebbe of the Sanz dynasty of  Hasidic Judaism.
Justin Pierce
Justin Charles Pierce (21 March 1975 – 10 July 2000) was a British-American actor and skateboarder. Born in London and raised in New York City, Pierce had a troubled childhood and pursued skateboarding. His breakthrough came with the controversial coming of age drama film Kids (1995), which won him the Independent Spirit Award for Best Breakthrough Performance. He then starred in the independent film A Brother's Kiss (1997) and the stoner comedy film Next Friday (2000). His final film, Looking for Leonard, (2002) was released posthumously.

As a skateboarder, Pierce was a member of the original Zoo York and Supreme teams. He married stylist Gina Rizzo in 1999. He died by  suicide on 10 July 2000.

Zoo York (company)
Zoo York is an American company focused on the skateboarding market. The company currently commercializes skateboards, t-shirts, hoodies, windbreakers, hats, and fanny packs.

The company's name was taken from one of NYC's oldest skate crews, Soul Artists of Zoo York.
Harty, Kent
Harty is a small hamlet in the civil parish of Leysdown, on the Isle of Sheppey, in the Swale district, in the county of Kent, England. It consists of a few cottages, a church and a public house, the Ferry Inn (a Grade II listed building).

Leysdown-on-Sea
Leysdown-on-Sea is a village on the east coast of the Isle of Sheppey, in the borough of Swale in Kent, England. In 2020 it had an estimated population of 936. The civil parish is Leysdown and includes the settlements of Bay View, Shellness and Harty. In 2011 it had a population of 1,256.
Isaakio
Isaakio (Greek: Ισαάκιο) is a village of Evros regional unit in Greece, part of the municipality Didymoteicho. It is located 5 kilometers east of Didymoteicho. Its population according to the 2021 census was 316.

Didymoteicho
Didymoteicho (Greek: Διδυμότειχο, romanized: Didymóteicho IPA: [ðiðiˈmotixo]) is a town located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece. It is the seat of the municipality of the same name. The town (pop. 8,681 in 2021) sits on a plain and located south east of Svilengrad, south of Edirne, Turkey and Orestiada, west of Uzunköprü, Turkey, about 20 km north of Soufli and about 90 km north of Alexandroupoli. The municipality of Didymóteicho has a land area of 565.4 km2 and a population of 16,060 inhabitants.