hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Henry George theorem
The Henry George theorem (HGT) states that under certain conditions, aggregate spending by government on public goods will increase aggregate rent based on land value (land rent) more than that amount, with the benefit of the last marginal investment equaling its cost. The theory is named for 19th century U.S. political economist and activist Henry George. The HGT is a complementary function to ATCOR (All Taxes Come Out of Rent) and EBCOR (Excess Burden Comes Out of Rent).

ATCOR
All Taxes Come Out of Rent (ATCOR) is a central theory to the heterodox Georgist school of political economy.
Predecessor theories to ATCOR were developed by John Locke, the physiocrats, Adam Smith, and H. Bronson Cowan. In 1998, Mason Gaffney formalized the acronym and theory, describing ATCOR as follows:

The meaning and relevance of ATCOR is that when we lower other taxes, the revenue base is not lost, but shifted to land rents and values, which can then yield more taxes.: 1

Gaffney argued that ATCOR necessarily follows from the inelastic supply of land, the elastic supply of labor and capital, and observations of other forms of taxation. ATCOR has been shown to work in a few US cities, including Cleveland, San Francisco, and New York City.

ATCOR is complementary to the Henry George theorem (HGT), popularized by Joseph Stiglitz—as well as Excess Burden Comes Out of Rent (EBCOR), also introduced by Mason Gaffney.
Alexandra Redoubt, Tuakau
Alexandra Redoubt is a fortification of the New Zealand Wars, located at Tuakau, New Zealand. Overlooking the Waikato River, it was built to protect the British supply routes during the Invasion of the Waikato. Erected in July 1863, it was garrisoned until October the following year at which time it was abandoned. It is now a historic reserve.

Tuakau
Tuakau (Māori: Tūākau) is a town in the Waikato region at the foot of the Bombay Hills, formerly part of the Franklin District until 2010, when it became part of Waikato District in the North Island of New Zealand. The town serves to support local farming, and is the residence of many employees of New Zealand Steel at Glenbrook.
Be Young, Be Foolish, Be Happy
"Be Young, Be Foolish, Be Happy" is a soul song. It was first recorded in 1967 by the Sensational Epics and was originally released on Warner Bros. Records. The song has also been recorded by the Tams, Sonia, and others.

The Tams
The Tams are an American vocal group from Atlanta, Georgia, who enjoyed their greatest chart success in the 1960s, but continued to chart in the 1970s, and the 1980s. Two separate lineups of the group continue to perform and record. One lineup, called 'The Original Tams with R. L. Smith',  features original member Robert Lee Smith, and the other lineup is under the leadership of Little Red, the son of longtime member Albert Cottle and stepfather Charles Pope and the nephew of group co-founder Joe Pope.
The Co-operative Group
The Co-operative Group Limited, trading as Co-op and formerly known as the Co-operative Wholesale Society, is a British consumer co-operative with a group of retail businesses, including grocery retail and wholesale, legal services, funerals and insurance, and social enterprise.

The group has its headquarters located at One Angel Square in Manchester, England. The Group also manages the Co-operative Federal Trading Services, formerly the Co-operative Retail Trading Group (CRTG).

Farmcare
Farmcare Trading Limited, trading as Farmcare, is the largest lowland farming organisation in the United Kingdom. Farmcare traded as The Co-operative Farms while a subsidiary of The Co-operative Group until it was sold to the Wellcome Trust in 2014. Wellcome decided to cease farming activities in 2017 and instead form partnerships with farmers.
John Comyn, Earl of Buchan
John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan (circa 1260 – 1308) was a chief opponent of Robert the Bruce in the civil war that paralleled the War of Scottish Independence. He should not be confused with the better known John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, who was his cousin, and who was killed by Bruce in Dumfries in March 1306. Confusion between the two men has affected the study of this period of history.

Buchan was the representative of a family that had long dominated the politics of Scotland. He was defeated by Bruce at the Battle of Barra and was subsequently forced to flee to England. Bruce's Harrying of Buchan destroyed support for the Comyns in northern Scotland. This defeat, together with Comyn's death that year, produced a significant and lasting shift in the balance of power in Scotland.

Harrying of Buchan
The Harrying of Buchan, also known as the Herschip (hardship) or Rape of Buchan, took place in 1308 during the Wars of Scottish Independence. It saw vast areas of Buchan in northeast Scotland, then ruled by Clan Comyn, burned to the ground by Robert the Bruce and his brother Edward, immediately following their success at the Battle of Barra.
Punk Rock Songs
Punk Rock Songs (The Epic Years) is a compilation album by Bad Religion, released in 2002. All songs on this compilation are from their tenure on Atlantic and Epic Records from 1994 to 2000, in addition to four live tracks and both the English and German versions of "Punk Rock Song". Punk Rock Songs was released by Epic without any input from the band members, as Bad Religion had already returned to Epitaph Records, and as of 2017, it has not been released in the United States.

Punk Rock Song
"Punk Rock Song" is a song written by Greg Graffin from the punk rock group Bad Religion. It was the second single from their 1996 album, The Gray Race. While the single never charted in the U.S., it is Bad Religion's highest charting single in Finland, Germany and Sweden.
William O. Collins
William Oliver Collins (August 23, 1809 – October 26, 1880) was an American attorney, politician, and Union Army officer who served in the cavalry during the Civil War and in the American West. He is the namesake for Fort Collins, Colorado, and Casper, Wyoming's name is derived from his son, Caspar W. Collins, who died nearby shortly after William's command of a garrison there.

Casper, Wyoming
Casper is a city in, and the county seat of, Natrona County, Wyoming, United States. Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census. Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.

Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
The Herbert Macaulay Affair
The Herbert Macaulay Affair is a 2019 Nigerian film based on the life of Herbert Macaulay, a Nigerian nationalist and proponent of Nigerian independence. It was directed by Imoh Umoren and featured William Benson in the lead role alongside Saidi Balogun, Kelechi Udegbe and Martha Ehinome Orhiere. The film also features Herbert Macaulay's grandson, Wale Macaulay. Other historical figures portrayed in the film include Alimotu Pelewura, leader of the Lagos Market Women's Association, Oba Eshugbayi Eleko, the Eleko of Eko at the time, Amodu Tijani Oluwa, the Chief Oluwa of Lagos and Henry Rawlingson Carr, educator and administrator.

Herbert Macaulay
Olayinka Herbert Samuel Heelas Badmus Macaulay // ⓘ (14 November 1864 – 7 May 1946) was a Nigerian nationalist, politician, surveyor, engineer, architect, journalist, and musician. Macaulay is considered by many as founder of Nigerian nationalism.
Royal Regiment of Canada
The Royal Regiment of Canada is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. The regiment is based in Toronto, Ontario, and forms part of the 4th Canadian Division's 32 Canadian Brigade Group.

The ceremonial dress uniform of the Royal Regiment of Canada is a scarlet tunic, bearskin, and a red-over-white plume, similar to the former Canadian Guards regiment.

3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), CEF
The 3rd Battalion (Toronto Regiment), Canadian Expeditionary Force was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force that saw service in the First World War. It was created on 2 September 1914 with recruits from Toronto, primarily from the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada with additional drafts from the 10th Royal Grenadiers and the Governor General's Body Guard.
The Return of Hwang Geum-bok
The Return of Hwang Geum-bok (Korean: 돌아온 황금복; RR: Doraon Hwang Geumbok) is a 2015 South Korean daily drama starring Shin Da-eun, Lee Elijah, Kim Jin-woo and Jung Eun-woo. It aired on SBS on Mondays to Fridays at 19:20 for 125 episodes from June 8 to December 11, 2015.

Jung Eun-woo
Jung Dong-jin (Korean: 정동진; April 10, 1986 – February 11, 2026), known professionally as Jung Eun-woo (Korean: 정은우), was a South Korean actor. He starred in television dramas such as One Well-Raised Daughter (2013–2014) and The Return of Hwang Geum-bok (2015).

Jung dated actress Park Han-byul.

Jung died suddenly on February 11, 2026, at the age of 39.
The Sumitomo Bank
The Sumitomo Bank, Limited (株式会社住友銀行, Kabushiki-gaisha Sumitomo Ginkō) was a major Japanese bank, founded 1895 in Osaka and a central component of the Sumitomo Group. For much of the 20th century it was one of the largest Japanese banks, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Mitsui Bank, and Yasuda / Fuji Bank. In 1948, it was renamed Osaka Bank, but reverted to Sumitomo Bank in 1952.

On 1 April 2001, Sumitomo Bank merged with Sakura Bank to form Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation.

Mitsui Bank
Mitsui Bank, Ltd. (三井銀行, Mitsui Ginkō) was a major Japanese bank from 1876 to 1990. The home bank of the Mitsui conglomerate, it was one of the largest Japanese banks for much of the 20th century, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Sumitomo Bank, and Yasuda / Fuji Bank. In 1943 it merged with Dai-Ichi Bank to form Teikoku Bank (Japanese: 帝国銀行, lit. 'Imperial Bank'). In 1948, Dai-Ichi Bank was spun off again from Teikoku, which changed its name back to Mitsui Bank in 1954.

In 1990, Mitsui Bank merged with Taiyo Kobe Bank to form Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank (MTKB), which was renamed Sakura Bank in April 1992 and was a predecessor entity of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC).
Maserati 3200 GT
The  Maserati 3200 GT (Tipo 338) is a four-seater grand tourer produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati from 1998 to 2002, replacing the Shamal as the flagship grand tourer of the marque. The luxury coupé was designed by Italdesign, whose founder and head Giorgetto Giugiaro previously designed, among others, the Ghibli, Bora and Merak. Interior design was commissioned to Enrico Fumia and completed by 1995. 4,795 cars were produced before it was replaced by the Maserati Coupé.

Maserati Ghibli
Maserati Ghibli is the name of three different cars produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati: the AM115, a V8 grand tourer from 1967 to 1973; the AM336, a V6 twin-turbocharged coupé from 1992 to 1998; and the M157, an executive saloon from 2013 to 2023.

Ghibli is the Libyan Arabic name for the hot dry south-westerly wind of the Libyan Desert.
Quentin Tarantino Film Festival
The Quentin Tarantino Film Festival, or QT-Fest, was a semi-annual film and multimedia event held by the Austin Film Society in Austin, Texas and attended by film director Quentin Tarantino, where he screened a selection of his favorite films using prints he owns.

Austin Film Society
The Austin Film Society (AFS) is a non-profit film society based in Austin, Texas. Founded in 1985 to exhibit independent, experimental, foreign and various other non-mainstream art films, the film society has grown from just film exhibition to fostering independent filmmaking in Texas and has served as a cornerstone in building the film industry in Austin.

The film society also owns and maintains Austin Studios, hosts the annual Texas Film Awards gala, and oversees the Austin Film Society grant program. The film society was founded by film director Richard Linklater, who currently serves on the board as artistic director. Other notable members on the board and advisory board include Tim McCanlies, Robert Rodriguez, Charles Burnett, Guillermo del Toro, Jonathan Demme, Mike Judge, John Sayles, Steven Soderbergh, Paul Stekler and Quentin Tarantino.
Deer Lake, Newfoundland and Labrador
Deer Lake is a town in the western part of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Deer Lake is approximately 50 km northeast of Corner Brook.

The town derives its name from Deer Lake and is situated at the outlet of the upper Humber River at the northeastern end of the lake. It is contiguous with two smaller hamlets, Nicholsville and Spillway.

Deer Lake (Newfoundland and Labrador)
Deer Lake is a lake situated in the western part of the island of Newfoundland, Canada.

Its name is derived from the nickname European settlers to the Humber River valley gave to the Woodland Caribou, who termed these animals "deer".

The town of Deer Lake is situated on the northeastern shore of the lake at the outlet of the upper Humber River. The lower Humber River drains Deer Lake near the village of Little Rapids. Deer Lake is approximately 50km northeast of Corner Brook.
Henning Koppel
Henning Koppel (8 May 1918 – 27 June 1981) was a Danish artist and designer. He is most known for his work for Georg Jensen in the years after World War II. He also designed porcelain (Bing & Grøndahl), glass (Holmegaard) and lamps (Louis Poulsen & Co).

Georg Jensen A/S
Georg Jensen A/S (originally Georg Jensens Sølvsmedie A/S) is a Danish designer company with a focus on silverware. It was founded in 1904 by silversmith Georg Jensen. In December 2023, the company was acquired by the Fiskars Group for 155 million euros.
Oasis Academy Hadley
Oasis Academy Hadley is an all-through academy school in the Ponders End area of the London Borough of Enfield, England, run by Oasis Community Learning. It is the second Oasis academy in London and has close links with Oasis Academy Enfield. It opened on 7 September 2009. It opened in the existing buildings of Albany School and the Primary Phase opened its reception class in September 2010. Mid January 2013, the new building in Ponders End was opened.

Oasis Academy Enfield
Oasis Academy Enfield is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, located in the Enfield Lock area of Enfield, England.

The school was established in September 2007, as one of the first academies sponsored by Oasis Community Learning. The school was initially housed in temporary accommodation before transferring to a new £21 million building in September 2008. The school maintains close links with Oasis Academy Hadley, located in nearby Ponders End.
Mami Yamasaki
Yamasaki Mami (山崎 真実; born September 20, 1985) is a Japanese actress and former gravure idol. In addition to appearing in numerous photobooks, she has played roles in television, film, and stage productions, including Gogo Sentai Boukenger, Karate-Robo Zaborgar, the horror drama series Hitokowa, and the stage adaptation of Umimachi Diary.

GoGo Sentai Boukenger
GoGo Sentai Boukenger (轟轟戦隊ボウケンジャー, Gōgō Sentai Bōkenjā; Rumbling Squadron Boukenger) is the 30th series in Toei's Super Sentai series, a metaseries of Japanese tokusatsu programming and celebrated the franchise's 30th anniversary. It was the first installment to be produced and broadcast in the 16:9 aspect ratio. It aired from February 19, 2006, to February 11, 2007, and was replaced by Juken Sentai Gekiranger. Its footage was used in the American series, Power Rangers Operation Overdrive and was dubbed into Korean for the South Korean market, airing there as Power Rangers Treasure Force.
Alor–Pantar languages
The Alor–Pantar languages are a family of clearly related Papuan languages spoken on islands of the Alor archipelago near Timor in southern Indonesia. They may be most closely related to the Papuan languages of eastern Timor, but this is not yet clear. A more distant relationship with the Trans–New Guinea languages of the Bomberai peninsula of Western New Guinea has been proposed based on pronominal evidence, but though often cited has never been firmly established.

Retta language
Retta (also called Reta) is a Papuan language spoken on Pura and Ternate islands, located between Pantar and Alor in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. It is spoken by a few thousand people, and is considered an endangered language by Ethnologue.

It is not related to but not mutually intelligible with Blagar, which is spoken on the north side of Pura Island, and is unrelated to the Austronesian language Alorese, which is spoken on the north side of Ternate.: 9, 15 : 348–349  One of its most distinctive features is a morphophonological process where some words can be intensified or made vulgar by replacing an /l/ sound with an [r] sound.: 191
Arnold K. Garr
Arnold Kent Garr (born June 14, 1944) was the chair of the department of Church History and Doctrine at Brigham Young University (BYU) from 2006 to 2009.  He was also the lead editor of the Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History.

Donald Q. Cannon
Donald Quayle Cannon (born 1936) is a retired professor at Brigham Young University who specializes in Latter-day Saint history, particularly early Latter-day Saint history and international Latter-day Saint history.

As a young man, Cannon was a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Germany.  Cannon earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Utah. Cannon holds a Ph.D. from Clark University. In the late 1960s, he taught at the University of Southern Maine.

In the LDS Church he has served as a bishop and branch president.

Among other works, Cannon was one of the editors of the Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History and of the Historical Atlas of Mormonism. He has also been an editor for works in the Regional Studies in Latter-day Saint History series.
Columbia Correctional Institution (Florida)
The Columbia Correctional Institution  is a state prison for men located in Lake City, Columbia County, Florida.  The facility first opened in 1992, has a mix of security levels including community, minimum, medium, and close, and has a capacity of 1427 inmates.

The Columbia Annex opened in October 2004 and holds another 1,566 inmates at the same security levels.  Both prisons are near the Lake City Correctional Facility, a privately run prison that also holds state inmates.

Lake City Correctional Facility
Lake City Correctional Facility  is a private state prison for male youthful offenders ages 18 - 24, located in Lake City, Columbia County, Florida.  It's been operated since 1997 by CoreCivic, formerly known as Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), under contract with the Florida Department of Corrections.  This facility was opened in 1997 and has a maximum capacity of 894 prisoners.

The facility is close to two Florida state prisons, the Columbia Correctional Institution and its Annex.
Lemoore, California
Lemoore (/ləˈmɔːr/ lə-MOR; formerly La Tache and Lee Moore's) is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is located 7.5 miles (12 km) west-southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of 230 feet (70 m). It is part of the Hanford-Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260). The population was 27,038 at the 2020 Census.

Lemoore is home to Naval Air Station Lemoore, a master jet base housing F-18 and F-35 squadrons assigned to the Pacific fleet.

Hanford, California
Hanford is the most populous city in and the county seat of Kings County, California, located in the San Joaquin Valley region of the greater Central Valley. The population was 57,990 at the 2020 census.
Brian O'Donovan
Brian O'Donovan (born 1980) is an Irish journalist. He is the RTÉ News Work and Technology correspondent since February 2022. He previously was the Washington correspondent from January 2018 to February 2022.

RTÉ News
RTÉ News and Current Affairs (Irish: Nuacht agus Cúrsaí Reatha RTÉ), also known simply as RTÉ News (Nuacht RTÉ), is the national news service provided by Irish public broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). Its services include local, national, European and international news, investigative journalism and current affairs programming for RTÉ television, radio, online, podcasts, on-demand and for independent Irish language public broadcaster TG4. It is the largest and most popular news source in Ireland – with 77% of the Irish public regarding it as their main source of Irish and international news. It broadcasts in English, Irish and Irish Sign Language. The organisation is also a source of commentary on current affairs. The division is based at the RTÉ Television Centre in Donnybrook, Dublin; however, the station also operates regional bureaux across Ireland and the world.
Rule 34 (film)
Rule 34 (Portuguese: Regra 34) is a 2022 drama film co-written and directed by Júlia Murat and starring Sol Miranda. The film is named after the Internet phenomenon Rule 34. It follows a young law student who develops a passion for defending women in abuse cases. At the same time, her own sexual interests lead her into a world dominated by violence and eroticism.

A co-production between Brazil and France, the film premiered at the 75th Locarno Film Festival on 10 August 2022, where it won the Golden Leopard for Best Film. It was released theatrically in Brazil on 19 January 2023 by Imovision and in France on 7 June 2023 by Wayna Pitch.

Rule 34
Rule 34 is an Internet meme which claims that some form of pornography exists concerning every possible topic. The concept is commonly depicted as fan art of normally non-erotic subjects engaging in sexual activity. It can also include writings, animations, images, GIFs and any other form of media to which the Internet provides opportunities for proliferation and redistribution.
Li Jing (deity)
Li Jing, also known as Pagoda-Bearing Heavenly King Li, is a popular figure in Chinese mythology; originated from Puranic, Vedic and Buddhist literature, who also appears in Japanese and Korean Mythology.

He is a popular character in Asian folklores and Asian Mythology, who is a prominent deity in Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion and in many other asian folk religions. He carries a pagoda that can capture any spirit, demon or god within its walls. He also appears in the classic Chinese epic novels Journey to the West and Fengshen Yanyi (Investiture of the Gods). He is an analogue of Vaisravana or Kubera who appears in ancient Indian epic novels Mahabharata and Ramayana.

Nezha
Nezha (哪吒, Nézhā) or sometimes Nezha the Crown Prince (哪吒太子, Nézhā Tàizǐ), is a protection deity in Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Chinese folk religion. His official Taoist name is "Marshal of the Central Altar" (中壇元帥). He was then given the title "Third Lotus Prince" (蓮花三太子) after he became a deity.
Tom Casten
Thomas R. Casten (born 1942) is an American businessman, author, and activist known for his work on industrial energy recycling. Since 1977, Casten has founded and managed numerous companies and organizations associated with combined heat and power (also called cogeneration), decentralized energy, and waste energy recovery.

Casten is a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a former U.S. Marine and Eagle Scout.

Energy recycling
Energy recycling is the energy recovery process of using energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy.  Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, it significantly increases efficiency, thereby reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution simultaneously.  The process is noted for its potential to mitigate global warming profitably. This work is usually done in the form of combined heat and power (also called cogeneration) or waste heat recovery.