hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jakob Christof Rad
Jakob Christof Rad (Anglicised Jacob Christoph Rad, Czech: Jakub Kryštof Rad; 25 March 1799 – 13 October 1871) was a Swiss-born Austrian physician and industrial manager. He had many other professional activities, was a director of a sugar factory in Dačice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now the Czech Republic) in 1843, and invented the process and associated machinery for cutting large block sugar into manageable uniform pieces. Rad is credited with the invention of sugar cubes.

Sugar cube
Sugar cubes (also known as sugar lumps in British English) are white sugar granules pressed into small cubes measuring approximately 1 teaspoon each. They are usually used for sweetening drinks such as tea and coffee. They were invented in the early 19th century in response to the difficulties of breaking hard "sugarloafs" into small uniform size pieces. They are often found in cafes and restaurants, although their popularity as a DIY sweetener has waned with the rise of barista cafes. Nevertheless they still have many uses such as arts and crafts, as metaphor for the amount of sugar in a product, and at formal events.
Alta Ski Area
Alta is a ski area in the western United States, located in the town of Alta in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, in Salt Lake County. With a skiable area of 2,614 acres (10.58 km2), Alta's base elevation is 8,530 ft (2,600 m) and rises to 11,068 ft (3,374 m) for a vertical gain of 2,538 ft (774 m). One of the oldest ski resorts in the country, it opened its first lift in early 1939. Alta is known for receiving more snow than most Utah resorts, with an average annual snowfall of 545 inches (13.8 m). It is also regularly ranked as having the best snow in North America. Alta is one of three remaining ski resorts in the U.S. that prohibit snowboarders, along with nearby competitor Deer Valley and Vermont's Mad River Glen.

Alta, Utah
Alta is a town in eastern Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Salt Lake City, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 228 at the 2020 census, a large decrease from the 2010 figure of 383.

Alta is centered in the Alta Ski Area, a ski resort that has 500,000 annual visitors. It is known for its powder skiing and its decision to not allow snowboarding.
Anindilyakwa language
Anindilyakwa (Amamalya Ayakwa) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Anindilyakwa people on Groote Eylandt and Bickerton Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory of Australia. Anindilyakwa is a multiple-classifying prefixing language in which all traditional nouns, adjectives, personal and demonstrative pronouns are prefixed for person, number and gender. According to the 2021 Australian Census, Anindilyakwa was spoken natively by 1,516 people, an increase from 1,283 in 2006.

Anindilyakwa people
The Anindilyakwa people, also known as Warnumamalya or Warnindhilyagwa, are an Aboriginal Australian people living on Groote Eylandt, Bickerton Island, and Woodah Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Bert Biscoe
Bert Biscoe DL (born 1952), also known by the bardic name Viajor Gans Geryow, is a Cornish politician, historian and bard of the Cornish Gorseth. Biscoe represented Cornwall Council's Truro Boscawen District as an independent Cornwall Councillor until 2019, serving as an independent Truro City Council Councillor for the new Boscawen & Redannick Ward.

Bert Biscoe is known for his work as a local historian and for his activism related to the Cornish identity debate. In 2012, his book of poems called "Trurra" won a Waterstones Publishers Award at the Holyer An Gof literary competition. Elected Mayor of Truro for 2019/21, his installation ceremony was streamed online.

Cornwall Council
Cornwall Council (Cornish: Konsel Kernow [ˈkɔn.sɛl ˈkɛrnɔʊ]), known between 1889 and 2009 as Cornwall County Council (Cornish: Konteth Konsel Kernow), is the local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Cornwall in South West England. Since 2009 it has been a unitary authority, having taken over district-level functions when the county’s districts were abolished. The non-metropolitan county of Cornwall is slightly smaller than the ceremonial county, which additionally includes the Isles of Scilly. The council's headquarters is Lys Kernow (also known as New County Hall) in Truro.

The council has been under no overall control since July 2024. Following the May 2025 election an administration of the Liberal Democrats and independents formed to run the council.
San Jose CyberRays
The San Jose CyberRays were a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Spartan Stadium on the South Campus of San José State University in San Jose, California. Stars included U.S. National Team star Brandi Chastain, WUSA Goalkeeper of the Year LaKeysia Beene, and leading scorer Julie Murray. Other memorable CyberRays were Brazilians Sissi and Katia, Tisha Venturini (from the U.S. National Team), and "ironwoman" Thori Bryan, who played every minute of the first season. They were coached by Ian Sawyers, who received WUSA Coach of the Year honors in 2001.

LaKeysia Beene
LaKeysia Rene Beene (born March 9, 1978) is an American former soccer goalkeeper who played for the United States women's national soccer team and the San Jose CyberRays of Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA).
Kala Dhanda Goray Log
Kala Dhanda Goray Log (transl. Fair People, Black Deeds) is a 1986 Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Sanjay Khan, starring Sunil Dutt, Sanjay Khan, Anita Raj, Akbar Khan and Amrita Singh. The film's music was by Louis Banks and Laxmikant–Pyarelal, while the lyrics were by Anand Bakshi. The film was shot Chandivali Studio and Film City in Mumbai. This was one of Sanjay Khan's last films, before he shifted to television, acting and directing TV series like The Sword of Tipu Sultan (1990).

Sanjay Khan
Sanjay Khan (born as Shah Abbas Ali Khan, 3 January 1940) is an Indian actor, businessman, producer and director known for his works in Hindi films and television. Sanjay Khan made his debut in Rajshri film Dosti (1964), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for that year, followed by Chetan Anand's Haqeeqat (1964).

Sanjay Khan starred in a series of hit movies like Dus Lakh (1966), Ek Phool Do Mali (1969), Intaquam (1969),  Dhund (1973) etc. He co-starred with his elder brother Feroz Khan in the films Upaasna (1971), Mela (1971) and Nagin (1976). He later turned producer and director with the films like Chandi Sona (1977) and Abdullah (1980). In 1990, he starred in and directed the famous historical drama television series The Sword of Tipu Sultan.
Tobago Express
Tobago Express was a scheduled passenger airline based in Trinidad and Tobago.  It operated as a sister airline of BWIA West Indies Airways and operated between the Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson International Airport (formerly Crown Point Airport) located in Tobago and Piarco International Airport located in Trinidad.

BWIA West Indies Airways
BWIA West Indies Airways Limited, known locally as "Bee-Wee" and previously as British West Indian Airways and BWIA International Airways, was the flag carrier of Trinidad and Tobago. At the end of operations, BWIA was the largest airline operating out of the Caribbean, with direct service to the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Its main hub was Piarco International Airport (POS), Piarco, with major hubs at Grantley Adams International Airport (BGI) in Barbados and Cheddi Jagan International Airport (GEO) in Guyana during 2006. It was headquartered in the BWIA Administration Building in Piarco, Tunapuna–Piarco on the island of Trinidad. The company slogan was Sharing our warmth with the world.

The company announced on 8 September 2006 that the airline would be shut down on 31 December 2006. All of the approximately 1700 employees were separated from the company but applied for new contracts with a new entity, Caribbean Airlines.
Adrian Vandenberg
Adriaan van den Berg (born 31 January 1954), known as Adrian "Adje" Vandenberg, is a Dutch rock guitarist, best known for his tenure as one of the guitarists in Whitesnake during their successful late 1980s period and the band Vandenberg which he started in 1981. In 2013, Adrian formed a new band, Vandenberg's MoonKings, and recorded a new studio album which was released in early 2014.

Vandenberg (band)
Vandenberg (Dutch pronunciation: [vɑndə(m)ˈbɛr(ə)x]) is a Dutch–American hard rock band from Amsterdam and Los Angeles, formed in 1981. The group is named after guitarist Adriaan "Adje" van den Berg (a.k.a. Adrian Vandenberg).
Evan Prodromou
Evan S. Prodromou (born 14 October 1968) is a software developer and open source advocate.  He is a co-editor of ActivityPub, the W3C standard for decentralized social networking used by platforms such as Mastodon.

His other major contributions have been Wikitravel (with Michele Ann Jenkins), Identi.ca, and StatusNet, and Fuzzy.ai, an artificial intelligence service for developers.

Identi.ca
identi.ca is a free and open-source social networking and blogging service based on the pump.io software, using the Activity Streams protocol. Identi.ca stopped accepting new registrations in 2013, but continues to operate alongside several other pump.io-based hosts provided by E14N which continue to accept new registrations.
Saskia Hampele
Saskia Hampele is an Australian actress. She appeared in television series The Gift and Mark Loves Sharon, and feature films Arctic Blast and Blame. She played Georgia Brooks in Neighbours and starred in The Heights.

Blame (2010 film)
Blame is a 2010 Australian thriller drama film starring Damian De Montemas, Sophie Lowe, Kestie Morassi, Ashley Zukerman, Simon Stone and Mark Leonard Winter. It was directed by first time feature film director, Michael Henry. The film had a limited release in Australia on 16 June 2011.
Shōdoshima
Shōdoshima or Shōdo Island (小豆島, Shōdoshima) is an island located in the Inland Sea of Japan. The name means "Island of Small Beans". There are two towns on the island: Tonoshō and Shōdoshima, composing the district of Shōzu.

The island is famous as the setting for the novel Twenty-Four Eyes and its subsequent film adaptations and the manga Teasing Master Takagi-san and its adaptations. The island was the first area of Japan to successfully grow olives, and it is sometimes known as "Olive Island".

Kankakei
The gorge of Kankakei (寒霞渓, Kanka-kei; literally 'cold mist valley') is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty on the island of Shōdo-shima, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Part of the Setonaikai National Park, the heights rise to 812 m. The area is celebrated for its Japanese maple trees. Volunteers formed a preservation society in 1898 and when, in 1912, expropriation of the area was attempted, a soy sauce magnate stepped in to ensure its preservation. In 1927 Kankakei was selected as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan.
Incommunicado (song)
"Incommunicado" is a song by British neo-prog band Marillion. It served as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Clutching at Straws (1987). Released on 11 May 1987, it reached number six on the UK singles chart, becoming the band's third top 10 hit and their last until 2004's "You're Gone". It also became a top 40 hit in Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and West Germany, as well as on the US Album Rock Tracks chart.

You're Gone (Marillion song)
You're Gone is the lead single from Marillion's 13th studio album Marbles, released in 2004. The song marked a comeback for the band, reaching number 7 on the UK Singles Chart and becoming their first top ten hit since 1987's "Incommunicado". It also made number 8 on the Dutch Single Top 100.
Emma, Lady Hamilton
Emma, Lady Hamilton (born Amy Lyon; 26 April 1765 – 15 January 1815), was an English model, dancer and actress. She began her career in London's demi-monde, becoming the mistress of a series of wealthy men, culminating in the naval hero Lord Nelson, and was the favourite model and muse of the portraitist George Romney.

In 1791, at the age of 26, she married Sir William Hamilton, British ambassador to the Kingdom of Naples, where she was a success at court, befriending the queen who was a sister of Marie Antoinette, and meeting Nelson.

George Romney (painter)
George Romney (26 December [O.S. 15 December] 1734 – 15 November 1802) was an English painter. He was the most fashionable artist of his day, painting many leading society figures – including his artistic muse, Emma Hamilton, mistress of Lord Nelson.
Eastern Kanagawa Rail Link
The Eastern Kanagawa Rail Link (Japanese: 神奈川東部方面線, romanized: Kanagawa Tōbu Hōmen Sen) is a strategic railway project in Japan to improve the railway network connectivity and passenger convenience between the eastern Kanagawa Prefecture and Tokyo Metropolis, as well as access to Tōkaidō Shinkansen at Shin-Yokohama Station.

The new infrastructures of this project are constructed and owned by the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (JRTT), which is an Independent Administrative Institution governed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, while operation is divided between Sagami Railway (Sōtetsu), JR East and Tōkyū Railways.

Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency
The Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (Japanese: 鉄道建設・運輸施設整備支援機構, Hepburn: Tetsudō Kensetsu Un’yu Shisetsu Seibi Shien Kikō), or JRTT, is an independent administrative institution of the Japanese government. It is responsible for developing, constructing and supporting railway infrastructure and railway-related technology.
Small nucleolar RNA U3
In molecular biology, U3 snoRNA is a non-coding RNA found predominantly in the nucleolus.
U3 has C/D box motifs that technically make it a member of the box C/D class of snoRNAs; however, unlike other C/D box snoRNAs, it has not been shown to direct 2'-O-methylation of other RNAs.
Rather, U3 is thought to guide site-specific cleavage of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) during pre-rRNA processing.

The box C/D element is a subset of the six short sequence elements found in all U3 snoRNAs, namely boxes A, A', B, C, C', and D.

Small nucleolar RNA
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNA molecules in the nucleolus that primarily guide chemical modifications of other RNAs, mainly ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. There are two main classes of snoRNA, the C/D box snoRNAs, which are associated with methylation, and the H/ACA box snoRNAs, which are associated with pseudouridylation.
SnoRNAs are commonly referred to as guide RNAs but should not be confused with the guide RNAs that direct RNA editing in trypanosomes or the guide RNAs (gRNAs) used by Cas9 for CRISPR gene editing.
Jigsaw (1962 film)
Jigsaw is a 1962 British black and white crime film directed by Val Guest and starring Jack Warner and Ronald Lewis. The screenplay was by Guest based on the 1959 police procedural novel Sleep Long, My Love by Hillary Waugh, with the setting changed from the fictional small town of Stockford, Connecticut, to Brighton, Sussex, while retaining the names and basic natures of its two police protagonists and most of the other characters.

Ronald Lewis (actor)
Ronald Glasfryn Lewis (11 December 1928 – 7 January 1982) was a Welsh actor, best known for his appearances in British films of the 1950s and 1960s. According to one magazine, "Lewis never really became a star. However, he almost became one – indeed, he played the lead roles in several key films, some quite famous, before his life and career took a disastrous turn."
Barnstar
A barnstar (or barn star, primitive star, or Pennsylvania star) is a painted object or image, often in the shape of a five-pointed star but occasionally in a circular "wagon wheel" style, used to decorate a barn in some parts of the United States. They have no structural purpose but may be considered lucky, akin to a horseshoe mounted over a doorway. They are especially common in Pennsylvania and frequently seen in German-American farming communities. They are also found in Canada, particularly in the province of Ontario.

Hex sign
Hex signs are a form of Pennsylvania Dutch folk art, related to fraktur, found in the Fancy Dutch tradition in Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Barn paintings, usually in the form of "stars in circles", began to appear on the landscape in the early 19th century and became widespread decades later when commercial ready-mixed paint became readily available. By the 1950s commercialized hex signs, aimed at the tourist market, became popular and these often include stars, compass roses, stylized birds known as distelfinks, hearts, tulips, or a tree of life. Two schools of thought exist on the meaning of hex signs. One school ascribes a talismanic nature to the signs; the other sees them as purely decorative. Both schools recognize that there are sometimes superstitions associated with certain hex sign themes and neither ascribes strong magical power to them. The Amish do not use hex signs.
Apius Auchab
Apius Auchab (born 3 October 1959) is a Namibian politician who has served as the president of the United Democratic Front since 2013. He has been a Member of the National Assembly since 2015. He was previously the party's vice president from 2009 until 2013. Auchab was also the regional councillor for the Dâures Constituency in the Erongo Region until his defeat in 2010.

United Democratic Front (Namibia)
The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus ǁGaroëb founded the party in 1989 and led it until 2013. The party president since January 2024 is Hendrik Gaobaeb. The UDF is represented in the National Assembly (2 seats) and the National Council (2 seats). 1 regional councillor and 21 local councillors are from the UDF.
Uruguay Assembly
The Uruguay Assembly (Asamblea Uruguay) is a social-democratic political party in Uruguay, and a member organisation of the Broad Front. It was founded in 1994 by former Vice President of Uruguay, Danilo Astori, who led the party from its foundation up to his death in 2023.

Danilo Astori
Danilo Ángel Astori Saragosa (23 April 1940 – 10 November 2023) was a Uruguayan social democratic politician and economist who served as the 15th vice president of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015 under President José Mujica. A member of Uruguay Assembly–Broad Front, he also served as Minister of Economy and Finance from 2005 to 2008 and from 2015 to 2020, and as Senator of the Republic from 1990 to 2005.
Leviathan (1989 film)
Leviathan is a 1989 science fiction horror film directed by George P. Cosmatos and written by David Webb Peoples and Jeb Stuart. An international co-production of the United States and Italy, it stars Peter Weller, Richard Crenna, Ernie Hudson, Amanda Pays and Daniel Stern as the crew of an underwater geological facility stalked and killed by a hideous mutant creature. Its creature effects were designed by Academy Award-winning special effects artist Stan Winston.

Leviathan was released around the same time as other, similarly themed "underwater" science fiction and horror films including The Abyss and DeepStar Six (both 1989), and received generally negative reviews from critics, who cited numerous similarities to films such as Alien (1979) and The Thing (1982).

Amanda Pays
Amanda Pays (born 6 June 1959) is an English interior designer, actress, and television presenter.

She is known for her television series roles as Theora Jones in Max Headroom and as Tina McGee in The Flash and the 2014 series of the same name. As an interior designer, Pays hosts the show Breathing Room on Fine Living Network.
2007 FIBA Under-19 World Championship
The 2007 FIBA Under-19 World Championship (Serbian: Светско првенство до 19 година ФИБА до 19 година) was the 8th edition of the FIBA U19 World Championship. It was held in Novi Sad, Serbia from 12 to 22 July 2007. The host nation won the tournament after beating the United States 74–69 in the final. Milan Mačvan was named the tournament MVP.

Milan Mačvan
Milan Mačvan (Serbian: Милан Мачван; born 16 November 1989) is a Serbian politician and former professional basketball player serving as the deputy mayor of Šabac since 19 January 2024. Standing at 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in), he played at the power forward position. He also represented the Serbian national basketball team internationally. He was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers with the 54th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.
Emperor Go-Uda
Emperor Go-Uda (後宇多天皇, Go-Uda-tennō; 17 December 1267 – 16 July 1324) was the 91st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign spanned the years from 1274 through 1287.

This 13th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Uda and go- (後), translates literally as "later"; and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Uda," or in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Uda, the second" or as "Emperor Uda II."

Emperor Kameyama
Emperor Kameyama (亀山天皇, Kameyama-tennō; 9 July 1249 – 4 October 1305) was the 90th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign spanned the years from 1260 through 1274.
Capira District
Capira is a district (distrito) of West Panamá Province in Panama. The population according to the 2000 census was 33,110; the latest official estimate (for 2019) is 47,244. The district covers a total area of 978 km2. The capital is the city of Capira.

Capira
Capira   is a town and corregimiento in Capira District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 5,181 as of 2010. It is the seat of Capira District. Its population as of 1990 was 3,606; its population as of 2000 was 4,553.
Clarence Zener
Clarence Melvin Zener (/ˈziːnər/ ZEE-ner; December 1, 1905 – July 2, 1993) was an American physicist who in 1934 was the first to describe the property concerning the breakdown of electrical insulators. These findings were later exploited by Bell Labs in the development of the Zener diode, which was duly named after him.

Zener was also a theoretical physicist with a background in mathematics who conducted research in a wide range of subjects including: superconductivity, metallurgy, ferromagnetism, elasticity, fracture mechanics, diffusion, and geometric programming.

Geometric programming
A geometric program (GP) is an optimization problem of the form

where  are posynomials and  are monomials. In the context of geometric programming (unlike standard mathematics), a monomial is a function from  to  defined as

where  and . A posynomial is any sum of monomials.

Geometric programming is
closely related to convex optimization: any GP can be made convex by means of a change of variables. GPs have numerous applications, including component sizing in IC design, aircraft design, maximum likelihood estimation for logistic regression in statistics, and parameter tuning of positive linear systems in control theory.