hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugène Charles Catalan
Eugène Charles Catalan (French pronunciation: [øʒɛn ʃaʁl katalɑ̃]; 30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894) was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics. His notable contributions included discovering a periodic minimal surface in the space ; stating the famous Catalan's conjecture, which was eventually proved in 2002; and introducing the Catalan numbers to solve a combinatorial problem.

Catalan's conjecture
Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University.  The integers 23 and 32 are two perfect powers (that is, powers of exponent higher than one) of natural numbers whose values (8 and 9, respectively) are consecutive. The theorem states that this is the only case of two consecutive perfect powers.  That is to say, that
Funky Kingston
Funky Kingston is the name of two albums by Jamaican reggae group Toots and the Maytals. The first was issued in Jamaica and the United Kingdom in 1973 on Dragon Records, a subsidiary label of Island Records, owned by Chris Blackwell. A different album, with the same cover and title, was issued in the United States in 1975 on Mango Records. That album was compiled from three previous Maytals albums by Island Records employee Danny Holloway and peaked at No. 164 on the Billboard 200. It was voted the eleventh best album of 1975 in the annual Pazz & Jop poll. In 2003, the American version was placed at number 378 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time", 380 in a 2012 revised list and 344 in a 2020 revised list.

Toots and the Maytals
The Maytals, known from 1972 to 2020 as Toots and the Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group, one of the best known ska and rocksteady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music.

Frontman Toots Hibbert, who died in 2020, was considered a reggae pioneer on par with Bob Marley. His soulful vocal style was compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named by Rolling Stone as one of the 100 Greatest Singers.  After Hibbert's death, the Maytals indicated that they would continue as a working group.

Their 1968 single "Do the Reggay" was the first song to use the word "reggae", coining the name of the genre and introducing it to a global audience. The Oxford English Dictionary credits Toots and the Maytals in the etymology of the word "Reggae". According to Island Records founder Chris Blackwell, "The Maytals were unlike anything else ... sensational, raw, and dynamic."
Leonid Kharitonov (actor)
Leonid Vladimirovich Kharitonov (Russian: Леонид Владимирович Харитонов; 1930–1987) was a Soviet and Russian theatre and film actor. He played in the films Private Ivan, Ivan Brovkin on the State Farm and Street Full of Surprises. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1972).

Private Ivan
Private Ivan (Russian: Солдат Иван Бровкин, romanized: Soldat Ivan Brovkin) is a 1955 Soviet musical comedy film directed by Ivan Lukinsky. The picture was seen by 40 million viewers in the USSR. The film was followed by the sequel Ivan Brovkin on the State Farm in 1959.
Pseudopetalichthys
Pseudopetalichthys problematica is a lightly armored pseudopetalichthyid placoderm from the Hunsrückschiefer Lagerstätte of Early Devonian Germany.  The holotype and only known specimen is an articulated, but incomplete individual consisting of a large, mostly intact, plate-covered head, the bases of the pectoral fins, and most of the vertebral column, with a total length of 15 centimetres (6 in).  The specimen superficially resembles Stensioella, though the structures of the mouth, and orbits (the orbits being unknown in Stensioella), and placement of the gill rakers all differ.

Some experts suggest that P. problematica and the related Paraplesiobatis are the same species, suggesting that the differences between them are merely due to different circumstances of taphonomy, but this hypothesis can not be tested until more specimens are found.

The holotype was originally held in the Schlosspark Museum in Bad Kreuznach, but was then lost at an unknown date.

Paraplesiobatis
Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi is a lightly armored pseudopetalichthyid placoderm from the Hunsrückschiefer Lagerstätte of Early Devonian Germany.  The type and only known specimen is an articulated, but very incomplete individual consisting of a large, incomplete, plate-covered head, and some of the vertebral column, with a total length of 10 centimeters.  The specimen strongly resembles Pseudopetalichthys to the point that many experts suggest they may be of the same genus or species, though because the only specimens of both genera are so poorly preserved, talk of synonymizing the two cannot begin (let alone continue) until more, better preserved specimens are found.
Keb' Mo'
Kevin Roosevelt Moore (born October 3, 1951), known as Keb' Mo', is an American blues musician. He is a singer, guitarist and songwriter, living in Nashville, Tennessee. He has been described as "a living link to the seminal Delta blues that travelled up the Mississippi River and across the expanse of America." His post-modern blues style is influenced by many eras and genres, including folk, rock, jazz, pop and country. The moniker "Keb Mo" was coined by his original drummer, Quentin Dennard, and picked up by his record label as a "street talk" abbreviation of his given name.

Taj Mahal (musician)
Henry St. Claire Fredericks Jr. (born May 17, 1942), better known by his stage name Taj Mahal, is an American blues musician. He plays the guitar, piano, banjo, harmonica, and many other instruments along with singing and whistling, often incorporating elements of world music into his work. Mahal has done much to reshape the definition and scope of blues music over the course of his more than 50-year career by fusing it with nontraditional forms, including sounds from the Caribbean, Africa, India, Hawaii, and the South Pacific.
Potulice
Potulice [pɔtuˈlit͡sɛ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nakło nad Notecią, within Nakło County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It is best known as the site of the World War II Nazi German Potulice concentration camp.

Potulitz concentration camp
Potulice concentration camp (German: UWZ Lager Lebrechtsdorf– Potulitz) was a concentration camp established and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II in Potulice near Nakło in the territory of occupied Poland. Until the spring of 1941 it was a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp. In January 1942 Potulice became fully independent. It is estimated that a total of 25,000 prisoners went through the camp during its operation before the end of 1944. It became notable also as a detention centre for kidnapped Polish children that underwent the Nazi experiment in forced Germanisation.
Sakugi, Hiroshima
Sakugi (作木村, Sakugi-son) was a village located in Futami District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 1,942 and a density of 21.13 inhabitants per square kilometre (54.7/sq mi). The total area was 91.92 km2 (35.49 sq mi).

On April 1, 2004, Sakugi, along with the towns of Kisa, Mirasaka and Miwa, the villages of Funo and Kimita (all from Futami District), and the town of Kōnu (from Kōnu District), was merged with the expanded city of Miyoshi and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Futami District, Hiroshima
Futami (双三郡, Futami-gun) was a district in Hiroshima, Japan. on April 1, 2004, all six towns and villages  in this district, along with the town of Kōnu in Kōnu District, were merged with old Miyoshi to form the new Miyoshi.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 18,171 and a density of 39.38 inhabitants per square kilometre (102.0/sq mi). The total area is 461.47 km2 (178.17 sq mi).
Vidyapati (1937 film)
Bidyapati is a 1937 Bengali biopic film directed by Debaki Bose for New Theatres. It starred Pahari Sanyal as  Vidyapati. His costars in the film were Kanan Devi, Prithviraj Kapoor, Chhaya Devi, Leela Desai, K. C. Dey and Kidar Sharma. The music was by R. C. Boral and lyrics by Kidar Sharma. Debaki Bose and Qazi Nazrul Islam wrote the story, screenplay and dialogues. The story is about the Maithili poet and Vaishnava saint  Vidyapati. The songs of the film became popular and the lyrics though encapsulating Vidyapati's poetry  were considered bold for its time. This however ensured the film garnered crowds at the theatres making it a big success of 1937.

Prithviraj Kapoor
Prithviraj Kapoor (born Prithvinath Kapoor; 3 November 1906 – 29 May 1972) was an Indian actor who is also considered to be one of the founding figures of Hindi cinema. He was associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and established the Prithvi Theatres in 1944 as a travelling theatre company based in Mumbai.

He was the patriarch of the Kapoor family of Hindi films, four generations of which, beginning with him, have played active roles in the Hindi film industry, with the youngest generation still active in Bollywood. His father, Basheshwarnath Kapoor, also played a short role in his movie Awara. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1969 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1971 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.
You're Only Young Twice (film)
You're Only Young Twice is a 1952 British second feature ('B') comedy film directed by Terry Bishop and starring Duncan Macrae, Joseph Tomelty, Patrick Barr, Charles Hawtrey and Diane Hart. It was written by Reginald Beckwith, Bishop and Lindsay Galloway based on the 1939 play What Say They? by James Bridie.

Joseph Tomelty
Joseph “Joe” Tomelty (5 March 1911 – 7 June 1995) was an Irish actor, playwright, novelist, short-story writer and theatre manager. He worked in film, television, radio and on the stage, starring in Sam Thompson's 1960 play Over the Bridge.
1951 mass arrests in Indonesia
Mass arrests, primarily of communists and leftists, were carried out in Java and Sumatra in August and September 1951. Sometimes called the August Raid, or in Indonesian the Razia Agustus (August Razzia), this was a move by the Indonesian government, led by the Soekiman Cabinet, to prevent a rumoured coup by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and its allies. The total number of detainees started with several hundred in early August and ended up as roughly 15,000 across Indonesia by October. Many were released without charge within days or months, but some remained in detention until the Wilopo Cabinet took power in April 1952.

Soekiman Cabinet
The Soekiman Cabinet (Indonesian: Kabinet Soekiman) was the cabinet of Indonesia from April 1951 to April 1952. It was a coalition government consisting of the Masyumi Party, the Indonesian National Party (PNI), and several smaller parties. Soekiman Wirjosandjojo led the cabinet as prime minister.
Bye Bye Brazil
Bye Bye Brazil (Portuguese: Bye Bye Brasil) is a 1979 comedy film co-written and directed by Carlos Diegues. Starring José Wilker, Betty Faria and Fábio Jr., the film follows a circus troupe travelling through Brazil, seeking surviving late 1970's societal changes during the rising popularity of television. It was filmed on location in Belém, Altamira, Maceió and Brasília.

The film had its international premiere at the main competition of the at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival.

Betty Faria
Elisabeth Maria Silva de Faria known professionally as Betty Faria (born May 8, 1941 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress.

She is best known for her interpretation of the title character in the 1989 telenovela Tieta.

She (co-won with Zezé Motta on Night Angels) the award for best actress at the 1987 Gramado Film Festival for "Anjos do Arrabalde" (or "Angels of the Outskirts").
Mitch Laurence
Mitch Laurence is a fictional character from the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live. He was portrayed by Roscoe Born from 1985 to 1987 and again from 2002 to 2003. Born returned from November 9, 2009, to April 6, 2010. Born reappeared again during the series finale prison break storyline on January 3, 2012.

Arriving in 1985 and soon wreaking havoc in fictional Llanview, villain Mitch's storyline climaxes in 1986 with his apparent murder, during a season in which the series rose from #4 to #3 in the  Nielsen ratings.  He reappears alive in 2002 seeking to exact his revenge on long running One Life to Live  heroine Viki Lord Buchanan; seemingly killed again in 2003, he is resurrected a second time in 2009.

Llanview
Llanview, Pennsylvania is the fictional setting for the long-running American soap opera One Life to Live. The city exists in the same fictional universe as cities from other existing or defunct ABC daytime dramas, including Pine Valley, Pennsylvania, from All My Children, Port Charles, New York, from General Hospital, and Corinth, Pennsylvania, from Loving.
The Black Sleep
The Black Sleep (American reissue title Dr. Cadman’s Secret) is a 1956 American independent horror film produced by Bel Air Productions, directed by Reginald LeBorg, and written by John C. Higgins from a story by Gerald Drayson Adams. It stars Basil Rathbone, Lon Chaney Jr., John Carradine, Bela Lugosi, and Akim Tamiroff. Tor Johnson appears in a supporting role. The film was produced by Aubrey Schenck and Howard W. Koch, as part of a four-picture finance-for-distribution arrangement with United Artists.

The film was released in the USA in June 1956 as a double feature with the 1955 British film The Quatermass Xperiment (which was retitled The Creeping Unknown in the US).  The Black Sleep was re-released in 1962 under the title Dr. Cadman's Secret on a double feature with Voodoo Island (which at that point was retitled Silent Death).

Voodoo Island
Voodoo Island is a 1957 American horror film directed by Reginald Le Borg and written by Richard H. Landau. The film stars Boris Karloff, with a cast including Elisha Cook Jr., Beverly Tyler and  Rhodes Reason. It is set in the South Pacific and was filmed on Kauaʻi, Hawaii back to back with Jungle Heat. Adam West appears in a small pre-"Batman" uncredited role (his first film role).

Voodoo Island was released theatrically in February 1957 by United Artists on a double bill with Pharaoh's Curse.
Achnashellach railway station
Achnashellach railway station is a railway station serving Achnashellach on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, in Wester Ross, Scotland. The station lies between Strathcarron and Achnasheen, 40 miles 34 chains (65.1 km) from Dingwall. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.

Achnasheen railway station
Achnasheen railway station is a remote railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Achnasheen in the north of Scotland. The station is 27 miles 72 chains (44.9 km) from Dingwall, between Achanalt and Achnashellach. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services.
3rd Cork Brigade
The 3rd Cork Brigade, also known as Third (West) Cork Brigade, was a unit of the Irish Republican Army that operated in the western areas of County Cork during the Irish War of Independence. The unit was commanded by Tom Barry for most of the conflict and was responsible for the Kilmichael Ambush and Crossbarry Ambush. Charlie Hurley took command of the brigade during Tom Barry's illness in 1920.

Crossbarry ambush
The Crossbarry ambush, also known as the Battle of Crossbarry, occurred on 19 March 1921 and was one of the largest engagements of the Irish War of Independence. It took place near the small village of Crossbarry in County Cork, about 20 km south-west of Cork city. About a hundred Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteers, commanded by Tom Barry, escaped an attempt by about 1,200 British troops to encircle them. During the hour-long battle, ten British troops and three IRA volunteers were killed.
John McLean (Canadian politician)
John McLean (September 24, 1846 – February 20, 1936) was a merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island. He represented King's County in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1896 as a Conservative member. McLean represented Souris division in the Senate of Canada from 1915 until his death.

He was born in Mount Herbert, the son of Daniel McLean, and was educated at Prince of Wales College. In 1852, he married Matilda Jane Jury. McLean represented 1st Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1882 to 1891, from 1900 to 1904 and from 1908 to 1915. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the riding of King's in the House of Commons in 1904. He served in the provincial Executive Council as a Minister without Portfolio from 1911 to 1915.

He died in Souris at the age of 89.

His son Harry and his grandson John Robert McLean also served in the provincial assembly.

H. Daniel McLean
Harry Daniel McLean (August 14, 1877 – October 27, 1962) was a merchant and political figure on Prince Edward Island. He represented 1st Kings in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1916 to 1935 as a Conservative.

He was born in Souris, Prince Edward Island, the son of John McLean and Matilda Jane Jury, and was educated at Prince of Wales College. In 1902, he married Annie Mitchell. He was first elected to the provincial assembly in a 1916 by-election held after his father was named to the Canadian senate. McLean served in the province's Executive Council as minister without portfolio. He was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1935. McLean died at a nursing home in Charlottetown at the age of 85.

His son John Robert also served in the provincial assembly.
Bootstrapping (compilers)
In computer science, bootstrapping is the technique for producing a self-compiling compiler – that is, a compiler (or assembler) written in the source programming language that it intends to compile. An initial core version of the compiler (the bootstrap compiler) is generated in a different language (which could be assembly language); successive expanded versions of the compiler are developed using this minimal subset of the language. The problem of compiling a self-compiling compiler has been called the chicken-or-egg problem in compiler design, and bootstrapping is a solution to this problem.

Bootstrapping is a fairly common practice when creating a programming language. Many compilers for many programming languages are bootstrapped, including compilers for ALGOL, BASIC, C, Common Lisp, D, Eiffel, Elixir, Factor, Go, Haskell, Java, Modula-2, Nim, Oberon, OCaml, Pascal, PL/I, Python, Rust, Scala, Scheme, TypeScript, Vala, Zig and more.

Cross compiler
A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running.  For example, a compiler that runs on a PC but generates code that runs on Android devices is a cross compiler.

A cross compiler is useful to compile code for multiple platforms from one development host. Direct compilation on the target platform might be infeasible, for example on embedded systems with limited computing resources.

Cross compilers are distinct from source-to-source compilers. A cross compiler is for cross-platform software generation of machine code, while a source-to-source compiler translates from one coding language to another in text code. Both are programming tools.
One Forty West
One Forty West is a mixed-use high-rise building in the Westend-Süd district of Frankfurt, Germany. Built between 2017 and 2020, the tower stands at 145 m (476 ft) tall and is the current 22nd tallest building in Frankfurt. It is also part of the Kulturcampus Complex alongside the Senckenberg Turm.

Senckenberg Turm
The Senckenberg Turm also known as the T-Rex Hybrid High-rise or the 99 West Frankfurt  is a high-rise office building in the Westend-Süd district of Frankfurt, Germany. Built between 2019 and 2022, the tower stands at 106 m (348 ft) with 26 floors and is the current 41st tallest building in Frankfurt. It is also part of the Kulturcampus Complex alongside the One Forty West tower.
Speedy J
Jochem George Paap (born 14 February 1969, in Rotterdam), known by his stage name Speedy J, is a Dutch electronic music producer based in Rotterdam. His breakthrough came with the release in 1992 of the minimal techno track "Pullover". He released music as part of Warp Records' Artificial Intelligence series in the 1990s, including his debut LP Ginger (1993).

Artificial Intelligence (series)
Artificial Intelligence is a series of albums by Warp Records released from 1992–1994 to exhibit the capabilities and sounds of electronic music.  Warp described the new (post-rave electronic) music as "electronic listening music" to clarify that it was meant more for the mind than the body.  The sleevenote on the 1992 compilation said "Are you sitting comfortably? Artificial Intelligence is for long journeys, quiet nights and club drowsy dawns.  Listen with an open mind."  The series is remarkable for its inclusion of groups and individuals who later became leaders in modern electronic music, techno, and ambient, such as Alex Paterson, Plaid, Richard D. James, Richie Hawtin, and Autechre. Every album in the series, aside from Dimension Intrusion, has its name enclosed in parentheses on its cover.
Homegrown Music Festival (Duluth)
The Homegrown Music Festival is Duluth, Minnesota's annual showcase of local music from the Arrowhead region, which includes Minnesota's Iron Range and communities on the north and south shores of Lake Superior. It happens every year during the first week of May. The 27th annual Homegrown is scheduled for April 27 to May 4, 2025.

The event grew from featuring 10 local acts in 1999 to a peak of 200 in 2015. The 2025 festival is expected to include roughly 160 acts.

Notable acts that have performed in the festival include: Low, Trampled by Turtles, Charlie Parr, Retribution Gospel Choir, Gaelynn Lea, the Keep Aways, the Black Eyed Snakes, Misisipi Mike Wolf and Haley Bonar.

The event was originally a for-profit venture but became a nonprofit in 2006. Cory Jezierski and Dereck Murphy-Williams are co-directors of the festival.

Black Eyed Snakes
The Black-eyed Snakes is an American blues rock band from Duluth, Minnesota. Since releasing their debut album "It's the Black-eyed Snakes" in 2001, the band has toured the U.S., including with Charlie Parr, among others. Front man Alan Sparhawk also performs with Low and Retribution Gospel Choir.

The Black-eyed Snakes often perform at the Homegrown Music Festival in Duluth, Minnesota. Black-eyed Snakes was selected by City Pages as the Best New Band of 2001. Sparhawks described the band's attitude towards the blues: "We actually hate most blues. We were trying to destroy it. We're interested in putting the blues back into a gut level – instead of talent, we go with feeling more."