hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Savage's Station
The Battle of Savage's Station took place on June 29, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as the fourth of the Seven Days Battles (Peninsula Campaign) of the American Civil War. The main body of the Union Army of the Potomac began a general withdrawal toward the James River. Confederate Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder pursued along the railroad and the Williamsburg Road and struck Maj. Gen. Edwin Vose Sumner's II Corps (the Union rearguard) with three brigades near Savage's Station, while Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's divisions were stalled north of the Chickahominy River. Union forces continued to withdraw across White Oak Swamp, abandoning supplies and more than 2,500 wounded soldiers in a field hospital.

II Corps (Union army)
There were five corps in the Union Army designated as II Corps (Second Army Corps) during the American Civil War. These formations were the Army of the Cumberland II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from October 24, 1862, to November 5, 1862, later renumbered XXI Corps; the Army of the Mississippi II corps led by William T. Sherman from January 4, 1863, to January 12, 1863, renumbered XV Corps; Army of the Ohio II Corps commanded by Thomas L. Crittenden from September 29, 1862, to October 24, 1862, transferred to Army of the Cumberland; Army of Virginia II Corps led by Nathaniel P. Banks from June 26, 1862, to September 4, 1862, and Alpheus S. Williams from September 4, 1862, to September 12, 1862, renumbered XII Corps; and the Army of the Potomac II Corps from March 13, 1862, to June 28, 1865.

Of these five, the one most widely known was the Army of the Potomac formation, the subject of this article.
Fall of Ubeda
In August 1212, the major Andalusian city of Úbeda was besieged and captured by an army of crusaders led by Alfonso VIII of Castile. The conquest came as an aftermath of the crusader victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The Muslim inhabitants of the town negotiated a peaceful surrender of the town to which Alphonso initially agreed. However, the other leaders of the crusade persuaded him to abandon the agreement and sack the city, leading to a violent massacre and mass enslavement of the inhabitants.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (Arabic: معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the Reconquista and the medieval history of Spain. The Christian forces of King Alfonso VIII of Castile, were joined by the armies of his rivals, Sancho VII of Navarre and Peter II of Aragon, in battle against the Almohad Muslim rulers of the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula. The caliph al-Nasir (Miramamolín in the Spanish chronicles) led the Almohad army, made up of people from all over the Almohad Caliphate.

Navas de Tolosa (also called Las Navas) is a town and hamlet in southern Spain, in the municipality of La Carolina, in the province of Jaén, in the eastern part of the Sierra Morena region, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the border with the province of Ciudad Real.
Erik Bakich
Erik Michael Bakich (born November 27, 1977) is an American baseball coach and former left fielder, who is the current head baseball coach of the Clemson Tigers. Bakich played college baseball at San Jose City College (1997–1998) and East Carolina University for head coach Keith LeClair from 1999 to 2000. He served as the head coach of Maryland Terrapins (2010–2012) and the Michigan Wolverines (2013–2022).

Clemson Tigers baseball
The Clemson Tigers baseball team represents Clemson University in NCAA Division I college baseball. The team participates in the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference.  The Tigers are currently coached by head coach Erik Bakich and play their home games in Doug Kingsmore Stadium. The program has reached the NCAA tournament in all but three seasons dating back to 1987. Clemson has made 12 appearances in the College World Series with an all-time record of 12–24 in Omaha.

The team has a heated in-state rivalry with the University of South Carolina. Mark Etheridge of SEBaseball.com has called it "college baseball's most heated rivalry," and Aaron Fitt of Baseball America has called it "far and away the most compelling rivalry college baseball has to offer." As of March 2, 2025, The Clemson Tigers lead the all-time series 191-145-2.
Sing It!
Sing It! is an American situation comedy streaming television series created by Benny Fine and Rafi Fine. It is executive produced by Benny Fine, Rafi Fine, Max Benator, Todd Lieberman, David Hoberman, Laurie Zaks, Barry Safchik, and Michael Platt, and produced by Mandeville Films, Potvin Sucks Productions, and Fine Brothers Entertainment. The pilot had a premiere on April 21, 2016, during the Tribeca Film Festival. The show debuted on May 25, 2016, on YouTube Red, a paid service of streaming original series and movies, similar to Netflix. It stars Mircea Monroe, Mark Sullivan, Debby Ryan, Preston Jones, Alex Désert, Todrick Hall, Missi Pyle and Ace Young. On December 3, 2017, creator Benny Fine confirmed that the series would not return for a second season.

Mircea Monroe
Mircea Monroe is an American actress. She had roles on the TV series Episodes as Morning Randolph (2011–2017), Hart of Dixie as Tansy Truitt (2011–2015), Impastor as Alexa Cummings (2015–2016) and Sing It! as Stacey Needles (2016). She has also appeared in movies including Cellular (2004), House of the Dead 2 (2005), Just Friends (2005), The Change-Up (2011) and Magic Mike (2012).
Statue of Shinran, Tokyo
A statue of Shinran is installed outside Tsukiji Hongan-ji in Tokyo, Japan. It was donated by Seiichi Hirose (広瀬精一) who started to donate Shinran statues all across Japan in 1937 after losing his child and finding comfort in Shinran's teachings.

Tsukiji Hongan-ji
Tsukiji Hongan-ji (築地本願寺), officially romanized Hongwan-ji, is a Jodo Shinshu Buddhist temple located in the Tsukiji district of Tokyo, Japan.

The temple is adjacent to Tsukiji Station on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line.
Field Newspaper Syndicate
The Field Newspaper Syndicate was a syndication service based in Chicago that operated independently from 1941 to 1984, for a good time under the name the Chicago Sun-Times Syndicate. The service was founded by Marshall Field III and was part of Field Enterprises. The syndicate was most well known for Steve Canyon, but also launched such popular, long-running strips as The Berrys, From 9 To 5, Rivets, and Rick O'Shay. Other features included the editorial cartoons of Bill Mauldin and Jacob Burck, and the "Ask Ann Landers" advice column.

From 9 To 5
From 9 To 5 was an American single-panel comic strip series by Chicago comic strip artist Jo Fischer (1900-1987). Distributed by Field Newspaper Syndicate, at its peak the cartoon was carried by 100 newspapers.  From 9 to 5 featured shapely secretaries and their lives in and out of the office. It ran for over 30 years from June 17, 1946, to "some time in 1971."
Cape gopher snake
The Cape gopher snake or Baja gopher snake (Pituophis vertebralis) is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to extreme southern Baja California Sur, Mexico. They have become increasingly popular companions for people interested in the exotic pet trade, due to their extreme color variations and relatively docile behavior. It was previously considered to be a subspecies of Pituophis catenifer.
There has been controversy whether the Baja Gopher Snake is a lower classification of the Cape Gopher Snake. Some say the Baja Gopher Snake should be in a separate sub-species of Pituophis Vertebralis Bimaris, while Cape Gopher Snakes should remain Pituophis Vertebralis Vertebralis.
Many people mistake the two as the same sub species and have cased some cross-breeding between the two.
In captivity the bloodlines are nearly all related and breeding has become especially difficult in terms of keeping the bloodlines alive.

Pituophis catenifer
Pituophis catenifer is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to North America. Nine subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies, P. c. catenifer, described here. This snake is often mistaken for the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridus), but can be easily distinguished from a rattlesnake by the lack of a tail rattle, no black-and-white banding on its tail, and the shape of its head, which is narrower than a rattlesnake's. Additionally, rattlesnakes (and indeed most vipers) possess a large venom gland located behind each eye, giving their heads a much rounder, more angular shape, as opposed to the more cylindrical, slender head shape of a gopher snake or other colubrid.
The Escapist (2008 film)
The Escapist is a 2008 drama thriller film starring Brian Cox, Joseph Fiennes, Liam Cunningham, Seu Jorge, Dominic Cooper, Steven Mackintosh, Stephen Farrelly and Damian Lewis. It was directed and co-written by Rupert Wyatt and premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival to considerable acclaim. An Irish-UK co-production, the film was produced by Alan Moloney of Parallel Films and Adrian Sturges of Picture Farm.

Damian Lewis
Damian Watcyn Lewis (born 11 February 1971) is a British actor and musician. He rose to prominence portraying U.S. Army Major Richard Winters in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers. Lewis won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for his portrayal of U.S. Marine Sergeant Nicholas Brody in the Showtime series Homeland, and received nominations for his performance as Henry VIII of England in Wolf Hall. He portrayed Bobby Axelrod in the Showtime series Billions in six out of seven seasons, and appeared in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019) as actor Steve McQueen.
Fenyang
Fenyang (simplified Chinese: 汾阳市; traditional Chinese: 汾陽市; pinyin: Fényáng Shì), formerly as Fenyang County (汾阳县) before 1996, is a county-level city under the administration of Lüliang prefecture-level city, in Shanxi Province, China.

Fenyang is located in the wide valley of the Fen River, some 20-plus kilometers west of the actual river.

Fenyang was the birthplace of Jia Zhangke, who filmed 1997 Xiao Wu there. Platform is set from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1990s in and around Fenyang. Subsequently, Mountains May Depart features scenes set in Fenyang in 1999 and 2014. Fengyang is also the birthplace of Guo Qinglan (郭庆兰; Guō Qìnglán), the widow of Dwarkanath Kotnis.

Fenyang has a strong reputation within Shanxi for the production of Fenjiu (汾酒; fénjiǔ), a type of Baijiu known for its superior flavor.

Fen River
The Fen River drains the center of Shanxi Province, China. It originates in the Guancen Mountains of Ningwu County in northeast Shanxi, flows southeast into the basin of Taiyuan, and then south through the central valley of Shanxi before turning west to join the Yellow River west of Hejin. The Fen and the Wei Rivers are the two largest tributaries of the Yellow River. The river is 694 kilometers (431 mi) long  and drains an area of 39,417 km2 (15,219 sq mi), 25.3% of Shanxi's area. The Fen River is the longest in Shanxi. It is also the second-longest tributary of the Yellow River. Within Taiyuan, the Fen runs from north to south; the prefecture includes one-seventh of the river's course.
Webster County, Mississippi
Webster County is a county located in center of the U.S. state of Mississippi, bordered on the south by the Big Black River. As of the 2020 census, the population was 9,926.

The county was organized in 1874 during the Reconstruction era; the biracial legislature named it after Massachusetts statesman Daniel Webster. Its county seat is Walthall, designated in 1876.

After the repeal of Prohibition in 1933, Webster County voters established this as a "dry county." In 2018 the legislature passed a bill allowing the transport of alcohol through even dry counties in the state.

Montgomery County, Mississippi
Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 9,822. Its county seat is Winona.

The county is said to be named in honor either of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, Canada, or for Montgomery County, Tennessee, from which an early settler came. In the latter case, it would have been indirectly named after John Montgomery, a settler in Montgomery County, Tennessee, who founded the city of Clarksville, Tennessee, in the same county.

The Big Black River passes through the southern part of the county, flowing southwest to its confluence with the Mississippi River south of Vicksburg.
Kim Woo-bin
Kim Hyun-joong (Korean: 김현중; born July 16, 1989), better known by the stage name Kim Woo-bin (김우빈), is a South Korean actor and model. He began his career as a runway model and made his acting debut in the television drama White Christmas. He subsequently gained attention in A Gentleman's Dignity (2012), and made his breakthrough with School 2013 (2012–2013) and The Heirs (2013). Kim starred in the box office hits Twenty (2015) and Master (2016). In 2016, he took on his first leading role on television in Uncontrollably Fond. In May 2017, Kim's agency announced that Kim would be taking a hiatus after he was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer. Kim returned to screen in 2022 with the television series Our Blues.

Uncontrollably Fond
Uncontrollably Fond (Korean: 함부로 애틋하게) is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Kim Woo-bin and Bae Suzy. It aired on KBS2 from July 6 to September 8, 2016, every Wednesday and Thursday at 21:55 (KST).
Amorites
The Amorites (/ˈæməˌraɪts/) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking Bronze Age people who emerged from western Mesopotamia. Initially appearing in Sumerian records c. 2500 BC, they expanded and ruled most of the Levant and Mesopotamia, and parts of Egypt, from the 21st century BC to the late 17th century BC.

The Amorites established several prominent city-states in various locations, such as Isin, Kurda, Larsa, Mari, and Ebla, and later founded Babylon and the Old Babylonian Empire. They also founded the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the fragmented era of the Second Intermediate Period in the Nile Delta, which was characterized by rulers bearing Amorite names such as Yakbim Sekhaenre, and were likely part of the later Hyksos.

The term Amurru, in Akkadian and Sumerian texts, refers to the Amorites, their principal deity, and an Amorite kingdom. The Amorites are mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as inhabitants of Canaan both before and after the conquest of the land under Joshua.

Alalakh
Alalakh (Tell Atchana; Hittite: Alalaḫ) is an ancient archaeological site approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) northeast of Antakya (historic Antioch) in what is now Turkey's Hatay Province. It flourished as an urban settlement in the Middle and Late Bronze Age, c. 2000–1200 BC. The city contained palaces, temples, private houses and fortifications. The remains of Alalakh have formed an extensive mound covering around 22 hectares. In the Late Bronze Age, Alalakh was the capital of the local kingdom of Mukiš.

The first palace was built around 2000 BC, and likely destroyed in the 12th century BC. The site was thought to have never been reoccupied after that, but archaeologist Timothy Harrison showed, in a (2022) lecture's graphic, it was inhabited also in Amuq Phases N-O, Iron Age, c. 1200–600 BC.
Roger Mullin
William Arthur Roger Mullin (born 12 March 1948) is a former Scottish National Party (SNP) politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath from May 2015, until being defeated at the 2017 snap general election.

Cowdenbeath and Kirkcaldy
Cowdenbeath and Kirkcaldy is a county constituency representing the areas around the towns of Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath, in Fife, Scotland, in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It has been represented since 2024 by Melanie Ward of Scottish Labour.

Prior to the 2023 review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the seat had different boundaries and was known as Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath.

It was previously represented by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown from 2005 until 2015, who had been MP for the Dunfermline East constituency from 1983–2005 until boundary changes. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007 and as UK Prime Minister from 2007 to 2010.
Waisake Naholo
Waisake Ratunideuba Naholo (born 8 May 1991 Sigatoka, Fiji) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. He previously played for the All Blacks Sevens and on the wing (and occasionally centre) position for London Irish.

Naholo made his test debut for the All Blacks in 2015 and was a member of the 2015 Rugby World Cup-winning team.

A former New Zealand under-20 rep, Naholo has played in five Sevens World Series tournaments, and featured in Gordon Tietjens' squad which won the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens. Naholo earned himself a Blues contract after a superb ITM Cup season in 2012. Starting on the wing, he became a regular try-scoring threat. At provincial level, he began his career with Wanganui before making the switch to Taranaki in 2011. He was also part of the Highlanders team that won the 2015 Super Rugby title.

Lima Sopoaga
Lima Zachariah Sopoaga (born 3 February 1991) is a professional rugby union player who plays as a fly-half for Japan Rugby League One club Shimizu Blue Sharks, and for Bunnings NPC club Waikato. Born in New Zealand, he represents Samoa at international level after qualifying on ancestry grounds.
Umbri
The Umbri were an ancient people, considered an Italic people, attested during the Iron Age in inner central Italy, approximately between the middle Tiber river and the central Apennines. A region called Umbria still exists and is now occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria. Most ancient Umbrian cities were settled in the 9th-4th centuries BCE on easily defensible hilltops. Umbria was bordered by the Tiber and Nar rivers and included the Apennine slopes on the Adriatic. The ancient Umbrian language belongs to the Osco-Umbrian branch of the Italic languages, an Indo-European subfamily that also includes the Latino-Faliscan languages.

Osco-Umbrian languages
The Osco-Umbrian, Sabellic or Sabellian languages are an extinct group of Italic languages, the Indo-European languages that were spoken in central and southern Italy by the Osco-Umbrians before being replaced by Latin, as the power of ancient Rome expanded. Their written attestations developed from the middle of the 1st millennium BC to the early centuries of the 1st millennium AD. There is one text of about 4,000 words in Umbrian, but otherwise the languages are known almost exclusively from inscriptions, principally of Oscan and Umbrian, but there are also some Osco-Umbrian loanwords in Latin. Besides the two major branches of Oscan and Umbrian (and their dialects), South Picene may represent a third branch of Sabellic. The whole linguistic Sabellic area, however, might be considered a dialect continuum. Paucity of evidence from most of the "minor dialects" contributes to the difficulty of making these determinations.
Ann Pellegreno
Ann Dearing Holtgren Pellegreno (born 1937 in Chicago, Illinois) is a professional musician, teacher, author, and lecturer. In 1967, Pellegreno and a crew of three successfully flew the same type aircraft, Lockheed 10 Electra, to complete a world flight that closely mirrored Amelia Earhart's flight plan in 1937. On the 30th anniversary of Earhart's disappearance, Pellegreno dropped a wreath in her honor on tiny Howland Island and returned to Oakland, California, completing the 28,000-mile  commemorative flight on July 7, 1967.

Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑːrt/ AIR-hart; born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviator and aviation pioneer who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight.

In 1928, she was the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane. In 1932, she became the first woman to make a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for her achievement. She was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and helped found the Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.

On July 2, 1937, she disappeared over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to become the first female pilot to circumnavigate the world. Since her disappearance, Earhart  has become a global cultural figure and numerous films, documentaries, and books have recounted her life. She is ranked ninth on Flying's list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.
Four in One (TV series)
Four in One is the umbrella title for a wheel series broadcast in the United States on the NBC television network as part of its 1970-71 schedule in the Wednesday 10 PM Eastern time slot.

Four in One consisted of six episodes of each of four dramatic series: McCloud, San Francisco International Airport, Night Gallery and The Psychiatrist.  All six episodes of each program were run in order; then all were rerun interspersed with each other with a different series being shown each week.

After the season, McCloud had proven sufficiently popular to be included as an element in a new wheel-format series, NBC Mystery Movie, while Night Gallery was picked up as a stand-alone series.  The other two elements, San Francisco International Airport and The Psychiatrist, were cancelled.

McCloud (TV series)
McCloud is an American police drama television series created by Herman Miller, that aired on NBC from September 16, 1970, to April 17, 1977. The series starred Dennis Weaver, and for six of its seven years as part of the NBC Mystery Movie rotating wheel series that was produced for the network by Universal Television. The show was centered on Deputy Marshal Sam McCloud of the small western town of Taos, New Mexico, who was on loan to the New York City Police Department (NYCPD) as a special investigator.
Battle of La Plata
The Battle of La Plata (11-21 July 1958) was part of Operation Verano, the summer offensive of 1958 launched by the Batista government during the Cuban Revolution. The battle resulted from a complex plan created by Cuban General Cantillo to directly attack Castro's mountain base in the Sierra Maestra. The battle ended with the humiliating surrender of the assault battalion and the loss of some 500 Cuban army soldiers (killed, wounded, and captured).

Battle of Las Mercedes
The Battle of Las Mercedes (29 July – 8 August 1958) was the last battle which occurred during the course of Operation Verano, the summer offensive of 1958 launched by the Batista military dictatorship during the Cuban Revolution against the nationalist independence Cuban rebels of the 26th of July Movement.

The battle was a trap, designed by Cuban General Eulogio Cantillo to lure Fidel Castro's guerrillas into a place where they could be surrounded and destroyed. The battle ended with a cease-fire which Castro proposed and which Cantillo accepted. During the cease-fire, Castro's forces escaped back into the mountains. The battle, though technically a victory for the Cuban army, left the army dispirited and demoralized. Castro viewed the result as a victory and soon launched his own offensive.
Gyula, Hungary
Gyula (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɟulɒ] ⓘ; German: Jula; Romanian: Jula or Giula) is a town in Békés County, Hungary.

The town is best known for its medieval castle and a thermal bath. Ferenc Erkel, the composer of the Hungarian national anthem, and Albrecht Dürer the Elder, the father of Albrecht Dürer, were also born in Gyula, as was the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate László Krasznahorkai.

Ferenc Erkel
Ferenc Erkel (Hungarian: Erkel Ferenc Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈɛrkɛl ˈfɛrɛnt͡s], German: Franz Erkel; November 7, 1810 – June 15, 1893) was a Hungarian composer, conductor and pianist. He was the father of Hungarian grand opera, written mainly on historical themes, which are still often performed in Hungary. He also composed the music of "Himnusz", the national anthem of Hungary, which was adopted in 1844. He died in Budapest.