hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Extended file system
The extended file system, or ext, was implemented in April 1992 as the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel. Although ext is not a specific file system name, it has been succeeded by ext2, ext3, and ext4. It has metadata structure inspired by traditional Unix File System principles, and was designed by Rémy Card to overcome certain limitations of the MINIX file system. It was the first implementation that used the virtual file system (VFS), for which support was added in the Linux kernel in version 0.96c, and it could handle file systems up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size.

ext was the first in the series of extended file systems. In 1993, it was superseded by both ext2 and Xiafs, which competed for a time, but ext2 won because of its long-term viability: ext2 remedied issues with ext, such as the immutability of inodes and fragmentation.

Xiafs
Xiafs was a file system for the Linux kernel which was conceived and developed by Ge (Frank) Xia and was based on the MINIX file system. Today it is obsolete and not in use, except possibly in some historic installations.
John Pinkerton (computer designer)
John Maurice McClean Pinkerton (2 August 1919 – 22 December 1997) was a pioneering British computer designer. Along with David Caminer, he designed England's first business computer, the LEO computer, produced by J. Lyons and Co in 1951.

David Caminer
David Caminer OBE (26 June 1915 – 19 June 2008) was a British computer engineer who helped to develop the world's first business computer, LEO (Lyons Electronic Office). He has been called "the world's first corporate electronic systems analyst" and "the world's first software engineer".  He carried out the systems analysis and charting for the world's first routine business computer job, thus he is also called "the first business application programmer".
Siyaka
Siyaka (IAST: Sīyaka; reigned c. 949–972), also known as Harsha (IAST: Harṣa), was the king of Malwa, who ruled in west-central India. He appears to have been the first independent ruler of the Paramara dynasty.

Siyaka is the earliest Paramara ruler known from his own inscriptions, which have been discovered in present-day Gujarat, and suggest that he was once a feudatory of the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. After the death of the Rashtrakuta emperor Krishna III, he fought against the new king Khottiga, and sacked the Rashtrakuta capital Manyakheta in c. 972 CE. This ultimately led to the decline of the Rashtrakutas, and established the Paramaras as a sovereign power.

Malkheda
Malkheda  originally known as Manyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa, Prakrit: "Mannakheḍa"), and also known as Malkhed, is a town in Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river in Sedam Taluk of Kalaburagi district, around 40 km from Kalaburagi.

The city reached the peak of its prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries, serving as the Imperial capital of the Rashtrakutas and historical heart of Jainism where most Jain present at the time. At Manyakheta, there is a historical fort whose restoration is in progress based on a proposal submitted by HKADB (Hyderabad Karnataka Area Development Board).
Madhuri Saxena
Madhuri Saxena (also Singh) (born 15 February 1971) is an Arjuna award winning Indian athlete. She won the silver medal in the 800m at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan and the silver medal in the 1500 m at the 2003 Asian Athletics Championships. Her daughter Harmilan Bains is also a medalist at the Asian Games.

Harmilan Bains
Harmilan Bains (born 23 July 1998 in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India) is an Indian track athlete. She is a double silver medalist in the 800m and 1500m events at the Asian Games. She is a gold medalist at the Asian Indoor Championships. Bains was the national record holder in the 1500m event before K. M. Deeksha broke it.
Comedy Slapdown
Comedy Slapdown is an Australian television improvised comedy program produced by FremantleMedia, that first aired on The Comedy Channel from 8 November 2008 at 7:30pm. The show is hosted by H.G. Nelson and features a variety of comedians participating in theatresports Matt Parkinson heads up the judging panel which includes one other celebrity judge and one judge selected from the audience. Notable guest comedians include Corinne Grant, Tom Gleeson, Natalie Garonzi, Matt Tilley and Julia Zemiro.

The premise of the show can be compared to the popular improvisational comedy program 'Whose Line Is It Anyway?' with various improvisational comedy games played as the teams compete against each other.

Natalie Garonzi
Natalie Garonzi is an Australian actress, writer, comedian and TV presenter. She worked both nationally and internationally as a model for many years appearing in campaigns and on catwalks around the globe for the likes of Chanel, Armani and Vera Wang and international publications like Elle Magazine, Cosmopolitan and Grazia. She then began her television career on Nickelodeon Australia, where she appeared on Saturday Nick Television and Sarvo. She has also presented numerous other television shows, including Wedding Switch as well as the Australian version of the US series of Playing It Straight and X Factor Australia on the Seven Network.
Holcombe, Greater Manchester
Holcombe is a village in Ramsbottom ward, Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It is situated south of Haslingden, east of Edgworth, west of Ramsbottom, and north of Tottington. The name comes from the Celtic cwm meaning valley, and the Old English hol, meaning deep or hollow.

Darul Uloom Bury
Darul Uloom Al Arabiya Al Islamiyya, better known as Darul Uloom Bury, was established in 1979 and is the oldest Islamic seminary in the United Kingdom. Located in Holcombe, Bury, it is based on the Dars-e-Nizami syllabus found throughout the world. It was founded by the late Hadhrat Moulana Yusuf Motala.
Paterson Park Library
Paterson Park Library is a public branch of the City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services (CoJLIS), located within the Paterson Park Sports and Recreation Centre in the Norwood suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. Opened in October 2021, it serves the communities of Norwood, Orchards, Orange Grove and surrounding areas.

City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services
City of Johannesburg Library and Information Services (CoJ LIS) is the public library system of the City of Johannesburg metropolitan government in Gauteng, South Africa. It oversees about 90 public branch libraries across seven administrative regions (A–G), serving the city's roughly 6.5 million residents. CoJ LIS is part of the city's Community Development cluster and aims to support literacy, lifelong learning and digital access for all Johannesburg communities.
Reuben Davidson
Reuben John Davidson is a New Zealand television producer and politician. He was on a Christchurch community board from 2019. In the 2023 general election, he was elected to represent the Christchurch East electorate in Parliament.

Christchurch East
Christchurch East, originally called Christchurch City East, is a current New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was first created for the 1871 election and was abolished for two periods, from 1875–1905 and again from 1946–1996. It was last created for the introduction of the MMP voting system for the 1996 election. The current MP is Reuben Davidson, a member of the New Zealand Labour Party who was first elected in the 2023 New Zealand general election.
Speak for Yourself
Speak for Yourself is the second solo album by the English singer Imogen Heap. It was released on 18 July 2005 in the United States. The album was written, produced, arranged, and funded by Heap, without the backing of a record label, and features guest appearances from Jeff Beck, who provides a guitar solo on "Goodnight and Go", and by Heap's ex-boyfriend, Richie Mills, who argues with her on "The Moment I Said It". Heap began working on Speak for Yourself following her collaborative effort with Guy Sigsworth as Frou Frou.

Speak for Yourself was re-released on 24 December 2012, by Sony Music, with additional deluxe and instrumental editions. It was remastered and re-released on 17 October 2025 at higher audio quality to celebrate the album's 20th anniversary.

Goodnight and Go
"Goodnight and Go" is a song by English singer-songwriter Imogen Heap, the second single from her 2005 album Speak for Yourself. The lyrics of the song describe the "devastation of having a crush."  The single received a little more push and promotion in the US than "Hide and Seek", and the music video received airplay on VH1. Jeff Beck plays guitar on the track.
Tin Shui Wai
Tin Shui Wai New Town is a satellite town in the northwestern New Territories of Hong Kong. Originally a gei wai (基圍) fish pond area, it was developed in the 1980s as the second new town in Yuen Long District and the eighth in Hong Kong. It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) due northwest of Central, the main business area in the territory, on land reclaimed from low-lying areas south of Deep Bay, next to Ping Shan. The population was 283,595 as of 2021.

Tin Yiu Estate
Tin Yiu Estate (Chinese: 天耀邨) is a public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai, New Territories, Hong Kong, near Light Rail Tin Yiu stop, Tin Tsz stop and Tin Shui Wai stop as well as MTR Tin Shui Wai station. It is the first public housing estate in Tin Shui Wai New Town. It is divided into Tin Yiu (I) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(一)邨) and Tin Yiu (II) Estate (Chinese: 天耀(二)邨), and consists of 12 residential buildings completed in 1992 and 1993.

Tin Yau Court (Chinese: 天祐苑) is a Home Ownership Scheme court in Tin Shui Wai, near Tin Yiu Estate. It consists of three blocks built in 1992.
B. Ruby Rich
B. Ruby Rich is an American scholar; critic of independent, Latin American, documentary, feminist, and queer films; and a professor emerita of Film & Digital Media and Social Documentation at UC Santa Cruz. Among her many contributions, she is known for coining the term "New Queer Cinema". She is currently the editor of Film Quarterly, a scholarly film journal published by University of California Press.

Film Quarterly
Film Quarterly (FQ), published by University of California Press, is a journal devoted to the study of film, television, and visual media. When FQ was launched in 1945 (then called Hollywood Quarterly), it was considered "the first serious film journal in the United States, with those most interested in the subject at the helm."

In addition to providing scholarly analysis of international, Hollywood, and independent cinema, FQ (according to its website) "also revisits film classics; examines television, digital, and online media; covers film festivals; reviews recent books; and on occasion addresses installations, video games, and emergent technologies." Over the decades, the journal's contributors have included many distinguished film artists, critics, historians and theorists.
Oort–Entropy
Oort–Entropy is an album by bassist Barry Guy. It was recorded in May and July, 2004, at SWR Studio in Baden-Baden, Germany, and was released in 2005 by Intakt Records. On the album, which features a three-part composition by Guy, he plays bass and conducts members of his New Orchestra: Evan Parker and Mats Gustafsson on saxophone, Hans Koch on bass clarinet, Herb Robertson on trumpet, Johannes Bauer on trombone, Per Åke Holmlander on tuba, Agustí Fernández on piano, and Paul Lytton and Raymond Strid on percussion. Oort–Entropy is the group's second recording, following 2001's Inscape–Tableaux.

Herb Robertson
Clarence C. "Herb" Robertson (February 21, 1951 – December 10, 2024) was an American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist. He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, on February 21, 1951, and attended the Berklee College of Music. He recorded solo albums and worked as a sideman for Tim Berne, Anthony Davis, Bill Frisell, George Gruntz, Paul Motian, Bobby Previte, and David Sanborn. Robertson died in Whiting, New Jersey, on December 10, 2024, at the age of 73.
T-10 parachute
The T-10 Parachute is a series of static line-deployed parachutes used by the militaries for combat mass-assault airborne operations and training. The T-10 parachute was introduced in the early 1950s. In 1976, the B model introduced the anti-inversion net; in 1986, the C model was introduced, which changed the pocket band free length from 4" to 7½". The T-10D, adopted in 2000, includes the detachable pack tray, which in itself includes the 15' universal static line and 5' extension static line. The T-10D is currently being replaced by the T-11 parachute system. In 2006, all T-10C parachutes were revised by adding one static line stow bar to each side of the pack tray; the material for the T-10C was also changed to the Army's Foliage Green #504.

T-11 parachute
The Non-Maneuverable Canopy (T-11) Personnel Parachute System is the newest personnel parachute system to be adopted by the United States armed forces and the Canadian Army. The T-11 replaces the T-10, introduced in 1955. The T-11 includes a completely redesigned main and reserve parachute and an integrated harness assembly that is suitable for a wider range of soldier weights than the previous system.
Barry Class
Barry Class is an entrepreneur, former music store chain owner, band manager, record label founder, musical director, producer and recording studio owner. His greatest success as a manager was with the soul group The Foundations. He also managed the group The World of Oz, Swegas and others.

World of Oz
The World of Oz was an English psychedelic pop band from the 1960s. The band released a self-titled LP in 1968 and two charting singles, "The Muffin Man" and "King Croesus", before fading into relative obscurity. The album gained wider recognition after it was re-issued on CD.
David Reale
David Reale is a Canadian actor. Reale gained fame at the age of 16 for voicing Kai Hiwatari from the original Beyblade anime series, which ran from 2001 to 2005. From 2010 to 2013, Reale provided the voice of another Beyblade character, Tsubasa Otori, in Beyblade: Metal Fusion/Masters/Fury. He had a recurring role as IT tech Benjamin on Suits between 2011 and 2019.

Beyblade: Metal Fusion
Beyblade: Metal Fusion, known in Japan as Metal Fight Beyblade (メタルファイトベイブレード, Metaru Faito Beiburēdo), is a Japanese manga created by Takafumi Adachi, serialized in Shogakukan's monthly magazine CoroCoro Comic between September 2008 and February 2012.

The manga inspired an anime production, retroactively named Beyblade: Metal Saga, which encompasses four seasons: Metal Fusion, Metal Masters, Metal Fury and Shogun Steel. The first season's  animation was produced by Tatsunoko Production, with subsequent seasons and spin-offs being produced by SynergySP. It premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2009, and aired until December 23, 2012. Nelvana, which licensed and produced English adaptations of the original anime series, also localized the four seasons of Metal Saga.
Blasiphalia
Blasiphalia is a fungal genus in the family Repetobasidiaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the honey colored omphalinoid agaric , Blasiphalia pseudogrisella, which grows with the liverwort genus Blasia. Phylogenetically related agarics are in the genera Rickenella, Gyroflexus, Loreleia, Cantharellopsis and Contumyces, as well as the stipitate-stereoid genera Muscinupta and  Cotylidia and clavarioid genus, Alloclavaria. Blasiphalia is most similar to Rickenella and Contumyces, and was only just recognized as a distinct genus in 2007 based upon molecular analysis. The fungus is unique in parasitizing Blasia by forming clasping appresoria on its host's rhizoids. Its basidiospores also germinate on the host's gemmae and clasp them and therefore can be disseminated together with the gemmae.

Blasia
Blasia pusilla is the only species in the liverwort genus Blasia. This species establishes a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc, which are housed in special cavities, called auricles, occurring on the ventral (underside) surface of the thallus.

Blasia is distinguished from Cavicularia by the presence of a collar around the base of the sporophyte capsule, and a scattered arrangement of sperm-producing antheridia. Rhizoids and gemmae of Blasia may be parasitized by the mushroom Blasiphalia.

The genus name of Blasia is in honour of Blasius Biagi (ca. 1670 - 1735), an Italian clergyman from village of Vallombrosa.
Payton Haas
Payton Haas (born June 9, 1979) is an American actor who is most known for starring as Mike Blondel in the first season of Flipper, alongside Jessica Alba, Brian Wimmer, and Colleen Flynn.

Haas is a 2004 graduate in Computer and Information Sciences from the University of Florida.

Flipper (1995 TV series)
Flipper (also known as Flipper – The New Adventures) is an American revival television series of the original 1964 Flipper television series. The first two seasons aired in first-run syndication; seasons three and four aired on the PAX network.

The series was set in a town named Bal Harbor that was supposed to be in the Florida Keys region (an actual town in Florida has a similar name, Bal Harbour, Florida just north of the City of Miami Beach). It was largely filmed, though, in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The show's first three episodes were filmed in Pigeon Key, Florida, and at the Dolphin Research Center in Grassy Key, Florida, however two of the three episodes aired toward the end of the first season.

The series is unrelated to the 1996 film of the same title, which was also a remake of the 1960s TV series and films.
At the Deer Head Inn
At the Deer Head Inn is a live album by American jazz pianist Keith Jarrett recorded at the Deer Head Inn jazz club on September 16, 1992 and released by ECM in April 1994. The trio features rhythm section Gary Peacock and Paul Motian. The remaining songs from the concert were released in November 2024 as The Old Country: More from Deer Head Inn.

Gary Peacock
Gary George Peacock (May 12, 1935 – September 4, 2020) was an American jazz double bassist. He recorded a dozen albums under his own name, and also performed and recorded with major jazz figures such as avant garde saxophonist Albert Ayler, pianists Bill Evans, Paul Bley and Marilyn Crispell, and as a part of Keith Jarrett’s “Standards Trio” with drummer Jack DeJohnette. The trio existed for over thirty years, and recorded over twenty albums together. DeJohnette once stated that he admired Peacock's "sound, choice of notes, and, above all, the buoyancy of his playing." Marilyn Crispell called Peacock a "sensitive musician with a great harmonic sense."
Ümraniye
Ümraniye (pronounced [ymˈɾaːnije]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 46 km2, and its population is 723,760 (2023). It was separated from Üsküdar in 1987. It is bordered by Çekmeköy to the northeast, Sancaktepe to the east, Ataşehir to the south, Üsküdar to the west and Beykoz to the northwest.

Sancaktepe
Sancaktepe is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 63 km2, and its population is 489,848 (2022).

In 2008 the district Sancaktepe was created from parts of the districts Kartal and Ümraniye. The urban part of the new district was established as a municipality. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.
Hakim Sendagire
Hakim Sendagire is a Ugandan physician, biochemist, academic and medical administrator and academic researcher. Currently he is the Dean at Habib Medical School, College of Health Sciences of the Islamic University in Uganda, a private university, one of the 41 universities in the country, as at February 2015.

Habib Medical School
Habib Medical School (HMS)  is the school of medicine of the Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), one of Uganda's private universities. The school is the newest medical school in the country, having been part of IUIU since 2014. The school provides medical education at diploma and undergraduate levels.
Czesław Mordowicz
Czesław Mordowicz (2 August 1919 – 28 October 2001) was a Polish Jew who, with Arnošt Rosin, escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland on 27 May 1944, at the height of the Holocaust. A seven-page report dictated by Mordowicz and Rosin joined the Vrba–Wetzler report and a report by Jerzy Tabeau to become the Auschwitz Protocols, a detailed account of the mass murder taking place inside the camp.

Auschwitz Protocols
The Auschwitz Protocols, also known as the Auschwitz Reports, and originally published as The Extermination Camps of Auschwitz and Birkenau, is a collection of three eyewitness accounts from 1943 to 1944 about the mass murder that was taking place inside the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Second World War. The eyewitness accounts are individually known as the Vrba–Wetzler report, Polish Major's report, and Rosin-Mordowicz report.
Louis Kauffman
Louis Hirsch Kauffman (born February 3, 1945) is an American mathematician, mathematical physicist, and professor of mathematics in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He does research in topology, knot theory, topological quantum field theory, quantum information theory, and diagrammatic and categorical mathematics. He is best known for the introduction and development of the bracket polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial.

Bracket polynomial
In the mathematical field of knot theory, the bracket polynomial (also known as the Kauffman bracket) is a polynomial invariant of framed links.  Although it is not an invariant of knots or links (as it is not invariant under type I Reidemeister moves), a suitably "normalized" version yields the famous knot invariant called the Jones polynomial.  The bracket polynomial plays an important role in unifying the Jones polynomial with other quantum invariants.  In particular, Kauffman's interpretation of the Jones polynomial allows generalization to invariants of 3-manifolds.

The bracket polynomial was discovered by Louis Kauffman in 1987.
John Peyton, Baron Peyton of Yeovil
John Wynne William Peyton, Baron Peyton of Yeovil, PC, FZS (13 February 1919 – 22 November 2006) was a British  Conservative politician. He was Member of Parliament for Yeovil for over 31 years, from 1951 to 1983, and an early and leading member of the Conservative Monday Club. He served as Minister of Transport (later renamed Minister of Transport Industries in the Department of the Environment) from 1970 to 1974. He was a candidate for leader of the Conservative Party in 1975, losing to Margaret Thatcher.

Secretary of State for Transport
The secretary of state for transport, also referred to as the transport secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the policies of the Department for Transport. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.

The office holder works alongside the other transport ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for transport, and the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Transport Select Committee.

The position of secretary of state for transport is held by Heidi Alexander, who was appointed by Keir Starmer following the resignation of Louise Haigh.
B. Andrei Bernevig
Bogdan Andrei Bernevig (born 1978 in Bucharest) is a Romanian professor of condensed matter physics at Princeton University. His research focuses on topological insulators and other topological quantum materials. His work has been awarded numerous prizes, including the 2019 James C. McGroddy Prize of the American Physical Society and the 2023 EPS Europhysics Prize.

EPS Europhysics Prize
The EPS CMD Europhysics Prize is awarded since 1975 by the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society, in recognition of recent work (completed in the 5 years preceding the attribution of the award) by one or more individuals, for scientific excellence in the area of condensed matter physics. It is one of Europe's most prestigious prizes in the field of condensed matter physics. Several laureates of the EPS CMD Europhysics Prize also received a Nobel Prize in Physics or Chemistry.