hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cygnus OA-4
OA-4, previously known as Orbital-4, was the fourth successful flight of the Orbital ATK uncrewed resupply spacecraft Cygnus and its third flight to the International Space Station (ISS) under the Commercial Resupply Services (CRS-1) contract with NASA. With the Antares launch vehicle undergoing a redesign following its failure during the Orb-3 launch, OA-4 was launched by an Atlas V launch vehicle. Following three launch delays due to inclement weather beginning on 3 December 2015, OA-4 was launched at 21:44:57 UTC on 6 December 2015. With a liftoff weight of 7,492 kg (16,517 lb), OA-4 became the heaviest payload ever launched on an Atlas V. The spacecraft rendezvoused with and was berthed to the ISS on 9 December 2015. It was released on 19 February 2016 after 72 days at the International Space Station. Deorbit occurred on 20 February 2016 at approximately 16:00 UTC.

Commercial Resupply Services
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) are a series of flights awarded by NASA for the delivery of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station (ISS) on commercially operated spacecraft.

The first phase of CRS contracts (CRS-1) were signed in 2008 and awarded $1.6 billion to SpaceX for twelve Dragon 1 and $1.9 billion to Orbital Sciences for eight Cygnus flights, covering deliveries to 2016. The first operational resupply missions were flown by SpaceX in 2012 (CRS SpX-1) and Orbital in 2014 (CRS Orb-1). In 2015, NASA extended CRS-1 to twenty flights for SpaceX and twelve flights for Orbital ATK.

A second phase of contracts (CRS-2) was solicited in 2014. CRS-2 contracts were awarded in January 2016 to Orbital ATK's continued use of Cygnus, Sierra Nevada Corporation's new Dream Chaser, and SpaceX's new Dragon 2, for cargo transport flights beginning in 2019 and expected to last through 2024.
Bartlett High School (Illinois)
Bartlett High School is a public four-year high school located  in Bartlett, Illinois, a northwest suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Elgin Area School District U46, which also includes Elgin High School, Larkin High School, South Elgin High School, and Streamwood High School. The school was opened in August 1997 as the fourth high school in the Elgin Area School District U46.

Larkin High School
Larkin High School (LHS) is a public four-year high school located  in Elgin, Illinois, United States. It is part of Elgin Area School District U46, which also includes Elgin High School, Bartlett High School, South Elgin High School, and Streamwood High School.
Lost Souls (Doves album)
Lost Souls is the debut studio album by British indie rock band Doves, released by Heavenly Recordings on 3 April 2000. The album was recorded over a period of several years, following the dissolution of Doves' original musical incarnation as house music act Sub Sub. Lost Souls was a moderate chart success in the UK; the album peaked at number 16, while the three singles taken from the album charted in the Top 40.

Lost Souls was considered by many to be the best debut album by a British act since Oasis' Definitely Maybe. It was met with positive critical acclaim and was a shortlist nominee for the Mercury Prize in 2000. The album was roundly praised on its release for its blending of claustrophobic intensity and euphoria, the sonic influences from electronic music present in its textures and for being "the perfect after-hours soundtrack."

Cedar (Doves album)
Cedar is the debut EP from Doves, the first release from the band after the dissolution of their previous incarnation, Sub Sub. It was self-released on the band's Casino Records label (co-founded by Rob Gretton) on 9 November 1998 on limited 10" vinyl. The track "The Cedar Room" later became the band's first single from their debut album Lost Souls. Following the release of the Cedar EP, Doves briefly joined Badly Drawn Boy as his backing band.

In a 2000 interview with Duke University, drummer Andy Williams said of "The Cedar Room":

I wrote the verse lyrics and Jimi wrote the chorus lyrics. The Cedar Room was actually a room in a haunted house from when we were kids. The name just got stuck in my head. It's a very love kind of vibe.

The track "Zither" is a cover of Jack Nitzsche's opening theme for the 1981 film Cutter's Way.
Eordaea
Eordaea (Ancient Greek: Ἐορδαία), also spelled Eordaia or Eordia, was a geographical region of Upper Macedonia and later an administrative region of the kingdom of Macedon. Eordaea was located south of Lynkestis, west of Emathia, north of Elimiotis, and east of Orestis. It was incorporated into the Argead kingdom of Macedon earlier than the rest of Upper Macedonia.

Eordaea stretched in the basin of Eordaia, the current homonymous municipality in Greece, which is named after the ancient region, and also in the southern part of the municipality of Amyntaio and the western part of the municipality of Edessa.

The capital of Eordaea was the city of Eordaea (el) (Greek: Εορδαία, κείμενη της λίμνης), which was mentioned by many historians and geographers of antiquity.

Emathia (Macedonia)
Emathia (Greek: Ἠμαθία, romanized: ēmathía) is an ancient toponym for an area of Lower Macedonia on the Thermaic Gulf between the Pierian range and the Axius (Vardar).  Some ancient geographers give it as the name of a town in the region, or as a name in alternation with Macedon. In later poetic use, the name may vaguely refer to regions as disparate as Thessaly and Thrace. Etymologically, the homeric name  suggests the meaning "sandy." It was used by several classical authors as a synonym for Bottiaea or even all of Macedon. The Imathia regional unit of Greece is named after the historic region's name.
Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1797)
The Battle of Cape St. Vincent was a fleet action fought on 14 February 1797 between the British and Spanish navies off Cape St. Vincent as part of the War of the First Coalition. In one of the opening battles of the recently declared war between Britain and Spain, a British fleet under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeated a larger Spanish fleet under Admiral José de Córdoba y Ramos. The British victory helped to secure Britain's access to the Mediterranean; Jervis and his officers were rewarded for their actions, while Córdoba was dismissed from the Spanish navy and forbidden from appearing at court.

Cape St. Vincent
Cape St. Vincent (Portuguese: Cabo de São Vicente, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkaβu ðɨ sɐ̃w viˈsẽtɨ]) is a headland in the municipality of Vila do Bispo, in the Algarve, southern Portugal. It is the southwesternmost point of Portugal and of mainland Europe.
V/H/S/2
V/H/S/2 (originally titled S-VHS) is a 2013 found footage horror anthology film produced by Bloody Disgusting and Roxanne Benjamin. The sequel to V/H/S (2012) and the second installment in the V/H/S franchise, it comprises four found footage segments linked together by a fifth frame narrative. The film features a largely different group of directors: Jason Eisener, Gareth Huw Evans, Timo Tjahjanto, Eduardo Sánchez, and Gregg Hale, and franchise returnees Simon Barrett and Adam Wingard.

The film premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival in January 2013, much like its predecessor, and was released on demand on June 6, 2013. It also made a limited theatrical release in the United States on July 12, 2013. A sequel, V/H/S: Viral, was released on October 23, 2014.

2013 Sundance Film Festival
The 2013 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 17, 2013, until January 27, 2013, in Park City, Utah, United States, with screenings in Salt Lake City, Utah, Ogden, Utah, and Sundance, Utah.

The festival had 1,830 volunteers.
Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal
The Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal (sometimes known as the Hereford and Gloucester Canal) is a canal in the west of England, which ran from Hereford to Gloucester, where it linked to the River Severn. It was opened in two phases in 1798 and 1845, and closed in 1881, when the southern section was used for the course of the Ledbury and Gloucester Railway. It is the subject of an active restoration scheme.

Hereford
Hereford (/ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ⓘ HERR-if-ərd) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies 16 miles (26 km) east of the border with Wales, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Gloucester and 24 miles (39 km) south-west of Worcester. With a population of 61,900 in 2024, it is the largest settlement in Herefordshire.

An early town charter from 1189, granted by Richard I of England, describes it as "Hereford in Wales". Hereford has been recognised as a city since time immemorial, with the status being reconfirmed in October 2000. Hereford has been a civil parish since 2000.

Products from Hereford include cider, beer, leather goods, nickel alloys, poultry, chemicals and sausage rolls, as well as the Hereford breed of cattle.
Alonso Orozco Enriquez de Armendáriz Castellanos y Toledo
Alonso Orozco Enriquez de Armendáriz Castellanos y Toledo, O. de M. (1551 – 5 December 1628) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Michoacán (1624–1628), Bishop of Santiago de Cuba (1610–1624), and Auxiliary Bishop of Burgos (1605–1610).

Archdiocese of Morelia
The Archdiocese of Morelia (Latin: Archidioecesis Moreliensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western central Mexico. It was erected on 11 August 1536 as the Diocese of Michoacán.

The cathedra is found in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration in the episcopal see of Morelia, capital of Michoacán state. It also has a minor basilica: Basílica de Nuestra Señora de la Salud, in Pátzcuaro, Michoacán de Ocampo.
Eleanor of Castile, Queen of Navarre
Eleanor of Castile (after 1363 – 1415/1416) was Queen of Navarre by marriage to King Charles III of Navarre. She acted as regent of Navarre during the absence of her spouse in France in 1397–1398, 1403–1406 and 1409–1411.

Blanche I of Navarre
Blanche I (Spanish: Blanca de Navarra, Basque: Blanka; 6 July 1387 – 1 April 1441) was Queen of Navarre from the death of her father, King Charles III, in 1425 until her own death. She had been Queen of Sicily from 1402 to 1409 by marriage to King Martin I, serving as regent of Sicily from 1404 to 1405 and from 1408 to 1415.
Matt Schrader
Matt Schrader is an American filmmaker. He is best known for writing and directing Score: A Film Music Documentary (2016) and creating the biopic podcast series Blockbuster. He's credited with Emmy Award-winning investigative journalism for CBS News and NBC News. He has been nominated for various awards, including three Emmy Awards.

Score: A Film Music Documentary was one of 170 films considered for the 2018 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film won eight awards at film festivals and made $101,382 at the US box office before being released as the #1 documentary on iTunes for four weeks straight.

Schrader is executive producer of the weekly Score: The Podcast, which interviews leading composers in Hollywood about their craft.

Blockbuster (podcast)
Blockbuster is a 2019 original dramatic podcast created by Matt Schrader detailing the friendship and rise of early Steven Spielberg and George Lucas in the 1970s Hollywood.

The series is structured like a biopic film in the years before Spielberg and Lucas came to prominence as they struggled to complete Jaws (1975) and Star Wars (1977), as well as Close Encounters (1977). It also follows the rise of composer John Williams in the years following the death of his wife, when he earned his first Academy Awards for his original scores.

The series stars Ray Chase, Max Mittelman, Matthew Bohrer, Lex Lang and Julia McIlvaine, and is narrated by Schrader, an Emmy Award-winning investigative journalist and documentary filmmaker.
Muromachi Outsiders
Muromachi Outsiders (Japanese: 室町無頼), released internationally as Samurai Fury, is a 2025 Japanese period epic film directed by Yu Irie, starring Yo Oizumi, Kento Nagao, Wakana Matsumoto, Akira Emoto, Kazuki Kitamura and Shinichi Tsutsumi. Set in early 1460s Kyoto amidst the Kanshō famine, it follows rōnin Hyoe Hasuda as he leads an uprising against the shogunate. The film is an adaptation of the Kakine Ryosuke novel Muromachi Bakufu.

Yu Irie
Yu Irie (入江 悠, Irie Yū; born November 25, 1979) is a Japanese film director / screenwriter who was born in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, and grew up in Fukaya, Saitama Prefecture.

After a number of short films, including Obsession and Seven Drives which were screened at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival in 2003 and 2004, Irie directed two softcore erotic V-Cinema videos in 2007, Cream Lemon 7 and Swimsuit Spy - SPY GIRLS. The latter video, an erotic comedy, starred AV Idol Mihiro.

In 2009 the second feature film he directed, 8000 Miles (SR サイタマノラッパー, SR: Saitama no Rapper), won the grand prize in the Off Theatre Competition at the Yubari International Fantastic Film Festival. It also earned Irie the Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award. The film follows four friends from suburban Fukuya (punned on Fukaya) who dream of becoming rap stars. The mostly amateur cast also included adult video actress Mihiro.
New York Motion Picture Company
The New York Motion Picture Company was a film production and distribution company from 1909 until 1914. It changed names to New York Picture Corporation in 1912. It released films through several different brand names, including 101 Bison, Kay-Bee, Broncho, Domino, Reliance, and Keystone Studios.

Keystone would later be a part of Triangle Pictures, which would merge with Jesse L. Lasky's Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play Company and become Paramount Studios.

Reliance Film Company
Reliance Film Company (1910–1915) was an early movie production studio in the United States. It was established in 1910 in Coney Island by Adam Kessel Jr. and Charles O. Baumann.

Harry Aitken purchased the Reliance Film Company in 1911 from Charles O. Baumann. It also went by the name the Reliance Motion Picture Company.
2018 United States Senate election in Rhode Island
The 2018 United States Senate election in Rhode Island took place on November 6, 2018, in order to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Rhode Island. Incumbent Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected to a third term, defeating Republican Robert Flanders by a margin of twenty-three percent.

Sheldon Whitehouse
Sheldon Whitehouse (born October 20, 1955) is an American politician and attorney serving as the junior United States senator from Rhode Island, a seat he has held since 2007. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the United States Attorney for the District of Rhode Island from 1993 to 1998, and as the 71st attorney general of Rhode Island from 1999 to 2003. He was elected to the Senate in 2006, defeating Republican incumbent Lincoln Chafee. He was reelected in 2012, 2018, and 2024.

A political progressive and climate hawk, Whitehouse became chair of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget in 2023. He has given hundreds of Senate floor speeches about climate change and asserted that politically conservative "dark money" groups are conducting a campaign to take control of the U.S. government, specifically the Supreme Court of the United States, to prevent climate action, among other reasons.
USS Pomfret
USS Pomfret (SS-391), a Balao-class submarine, was a ship of the United States Navy named for the pomfret, a fish of the seabream family which is a powerful and speedy swimmer, capable of operating at great depths.

Balao-class submarine
The Balao class is a design of United States Navy submarines that was used during World War II, and with 120 boats completed, the largest class of submarines in the United States Navy. An improvement on the earlier Gato class, the boats had slight internal differences. The most significant improvement was the use of thicker, higher yield-strength steel in the pressure hull skins and frames, which increased their test depth to 400 feet (120 m). A Balao-class submarine, the USS Tang actually exceeded the maximum on their depth gauge of 612 ft (187 m) in 1944,
when taking on water in the forward torpedo room while evading a destroyer.
Arash Rahmanipour
Arash Rahmanipour (Persian: آرش رحمانی پور; c. 1990 – January 28, 2010) was one of the two people hanged in early 2010 by the Iranian government after being convicted of waging war against God (Moharebeh) and attempting to overthrow the Islamic regime.  Some government-controlled media outlets had originally alleged that one of the reasons behind Arash Rahmanipour's execution was for participation in post-election protests, trying to associate him with Iranian Green Movement, in what has been called by some analysts "an attempt to intimidate a widespread protest movement challenging the nation's hard-line establishment", despite the fact that Rahmanipour was arrested months before the 2009 presidential elections and was in jail during the post-election protests.

Hirabah
In Islamic law, ḥirabah (Arabic: حرابة) is a legal category that comprises highway robbery (traditionally understood as aggravated robbery or grand larceny, unlike theft, which has a different punishment), rape, and terrorism. Ḥirābah means piracy or unlawful warfare. It comes from the triliteral root ḥrb, which means “to become angry and enraged”. The noun ḥarb (حَرْب, pl. ḥurūb حُروب) means 'war' or 'wars'.

Moharebeh (Persian: محاربه, also spelled muharebeh) is a Persian language term that is treated as interchangeable with ḥirabah in Arabic lexicons. The related term muḥārib  (Arabic: محارب, lit. 'perpetrator of muḥāribah') has been translated by English-language Iranian media as "enemy of God". In English-language media sources, moḥarebeh in Iran has been translated variously as "waging war against God," "war against God and the state," "enmity against God."

It is a capital crime in Saudi Arabia and Iran.
Lists of most common surnames
Lists of the most common surnames by continent:

Lists of most common surnames in Asian countries

Lists of most common surnames in European countries

Lists of most common surnames in North American countries

Lists of most common surnames in Oceanian countries

Lists of most common surnames in South American countries

Lists of most common surnames in European countries
This article contains lists of the most common surnames in most of the countries of Europe, including Armenia, Kosovo, and five transcontinental countries but excluding five European microstates. Countries are arranged in alphabetical order.
Yatta International Stadium
Yatta International Stadium, or Shahid Wafa Stadium, (Arabic: ملعب يطا الدولي) is a football stadium in Yatta, Hebron Governorate, West Bank, Palestine. The stadium is considered the most important and largest sports stadium in the city of Yatta, and it is the official stadium in which Shabab Yatta club plays. The stadium was established in 1990 and has witnessed several stages of development. Although it has international specifications and standards, it is not accredited by the Palestinian Football Association to host matches.

Shabab Yatta
Shabab Yatta, founded in 1982, is a professional football club based in the town of Yatta, within the Hebron Governorate in the Palestinian West Bank. The club currently compete in the West Bank Premier League. The club plays out of Yatta International Stadium.
Répertoire international de la presse musicale
Répertoire international de la presse musicale (Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals, Internationales Repertorium der Musikzeitungen), commonly known as RIPM, provides access to music periodical literature published between 1750 and 1966 through an annotated index, RIPM Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals, and two full-text publication series, RIPM Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals with Full Text and RIPM Preservation Series. RIPM also provides access to full-text jazz publications from 1914 to the 2000s through RIPM Jazz Periodicals.

RIPM Jazz Periodicals
RIPM Jazz Periodicals is a searchable database of full-text, mostly out-of-print, rare jazz periodicals, published by Répertoire international de la presse musicale (Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals), commonly known as RIPM. Updated annually with new full-text journals including full citations, RIPM Jazz Periodicals currently contains 119 American (U.S.) jazz journals and magazines published from 1914 to 2010. A full list of titles, including publication information and sample journal covers, is available on the RIPM Jazz gallery page.
Monster Mash
"Monster Mash" is a 1962 novelty song by Bobby "Boris" Pickett. The song was released as a single on Gary S. Paxton's Garpax Records label in August 1962 along with a full-length LP called The Original Monster Mash, which contained several other monster-themed tunes. The "Monster Mash" single was number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on October 20–27 of that year, just before Halloween.

"Monster Mash" has sustained a lasting impact in various recordings, film inclusions, and re-releases since its initial release.
In 2021, nearly 60 years after its release, "Monster Mash" re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 37.
As of 2023, the song was generating $1 million annually in royalties.

Gary S. Paxton
Gary Sanford Paxton (born Larry Wayne Stevens; May 18, 1939 – July 17, 2016) was an American record producer, recording artist, and Grammy and Dove Award winning songwriter. Paxton was a member of Skip & Flip and the Hollywood Argyles and was the producer of two number one Billboard Hot 100 singles, "Alley Oop" for the Hollywood Argyles in 1960 and "Monster Mash" for Bobby "Boris" Pickett in 1962.
Margaret Sullivan (journalist)
Margaret M. Sullivan (born 1957) is an American journalist who is the media, politics and culture columnist for the The Guardian US. She also writes the American Crisis newsletter on Substack, which explores the need for strong, fact-based journalism in a democracy. Her previous roles include a two year appointment directing the Craig Newmark Center for Journalism Ethics and Security at Columbia Journalism School,  media columnist for The Washington Post, serving as the fifth public editor of The New York Times, and as editor and vice-president of The Buffalo News.

The Buffalo News
The Buffalo News is the main newspaper of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, located in downtown Buffalo, New York.

It was for decades the only paper fully owned by Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway. In 2020, the paper was sold to Lee Enterprises.
Douglas Schoen
Douglas E. Schoen (born June 27, 1953) is an American lawyer, political analyst, author, lobbyist, and political commentator. In 1977, he co-founded the political consulting firm Penn, Schoen & Berland, and was hired by President Bill Clinton and Ukrainian steel oligarch Victor Pinchuk. From 2009–2021 he worked for Fox News, and since 2021 for Newsmax TV.

Victor Pinchuk
Victor Mykhailovych Pinchuk (Ukrainian: Віктор Михайлович Пінчук, romanized: Viktor Mykhailovych Pinchuk; born 14 December 1960) is a Ukrainian businessman, former politician and oligarch. As of July 2025, Forbes magazine ranked him as 1,141st on the list of wealthiest people in the world, with a fortune of US$3.3 billion.

Pinchuk is the founder of EastOne Group LLC, an international investing, project funding and financial advisory company based in London, and of Interpipe Group, one of Ukraine's leading pipe, wheel and steel producers. Pinchuk is the owner of four TV channels and a popular tabloid, Fakty i Kommentarii. He has been a member of the Ukrainian parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, for two consecutive terms from 1998 to 2006. He is married to Olena Pinchuk, the daughter of former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma.