hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prebisch–Singer hypothesis
In economics, the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis (also called the Prebisch–Singer thesis) argues that the price of primary commodities declines relative to the price of manufactured goods over the long term, which causes the terms of trade of primary-product-based economies to deteriorate. As of 2013, recent statistical studies have given support for the idea. The idea was developed by Raúl Prebisch and Hans Singer in the late 1940s; since that time, it has served as a major pillar of dependency theory and policies such as import substitution industrialization (ISI).

Raúl Prebisch
Raúl Prebisch (April 17, 1901 – April 29, 1986) was an Argentine economist known for his contributions to structuralist economics such as the Prebisch–Singer hypothesis, which formed the basis of economic dependency theory. He became the executive director of the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA or CEPAL) in 1950.  In 1950, he also released the very influential study The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems.
The Trunk Mystery (1926 film)
The Trunk Mystery is a 1926 American silent mystery film directed by Frank Hall Crane and starring Charles Hutchison, Alice Calhoun and Otto Lederer. It premiered in Britain in late 1926 before being released in America the following year.

Charles Hutchison
Charles Hutchison (December 3, 1879 – May 30, 1949) was an American film actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1914 and 1944. He also directed 33 films between 1915 and 1938. Though he directed numerous independent silent features, he is best remembered today as Pathé's leading male serial star from 1918 to 1922. In 1923 he went to Britain and made two films Hutch Stirs 'em Up and Hurricane Hutch in Many Adventures for the Ideal Film Company. He made one last serial in 1926, Lightning Hutch, for distribution by the Arrow Film Corporation. It was meant to be a comeback vehicle, but the production company went into bankruptcy just as it was released.

He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and died in Hollywood, California. He was the person who convinced actor Karl Dane to return to films in the mid-1920s.
22nd Seville European Film Festival
The 22nd Seville European Film Festival is took place from 7 to 15 November 2025 in Seville, Spain. Anders Thomas Jensen's black comedy film The Last Viking served as the festival's opening film while Michał Kwieciński's biographical drama Chopin, a Sonata in Paris closed the festival.

Belgian drama We Believe You, directed by Charlotte Devillers and Arnaud Dufeys, won the Golden Giraldillo, as well as the awards for Best Screenplay and Best Actress.

We Believe You
We Believe You (French: On vous croit) is a 2025 Belgian drama film directed by Arnaud Dufeys, Charlotte Devillers in their first feature. The film follows Alice, who stands before a judge, knowing there is no room for error. She must speak up for her children, as her custody is being called into question.

It was selected in Perspectives at the 75th Berlin International Film Festival and was screened on 17 February 2025. At the 2025 René Awards, it received a leading eleven nominations, including Best First Feature Film and Best Director for Devillers and Dufeys.
Alan Dowson
Alan Dowson (born 17 June 1970) is an English football coach and former professional player who is manager at Hampton & Richmond Borough.

He made 55 appearances in the Football League between 1988 and 1993, before spending 13 years as a player in non-league football. He later managed a number of non-league football teams.

Hampton & Richmond Borough F.C.
Hampton & Richmond Borough Football Club is a semi-professional association football club based in the suburb of Hampton, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England. The team competes in the National League South, the sixth level of the English football league system.

They were founded in 1921 and formerly known as Hampton FC until 1999 when they changed their name in an attempt to draw a wider support base from around the borough. Hampton & Richmond Borough remains the only senior-level football club to represent the borough of Richmond upon Thames.
Venera (band)
Venera is an American experimental electronic music duo formed in 2022 by Korn guitarist James "Munky" Shaffer and composer-producer Chris Hunt. Their music blends dark ambient, industrial, and electronic elements, characterized by layered textures and cinematic soundscapes.

James Shaffer
James Christian Shaffer (born June 6, 1970), also known by his stage name "Munky", is an American musician best known as a co-founder and guitarist of the nu metal band Korn. He was ranked at No. 26 of Guitar World's 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time.

Shaffer set up the side-project band Fear and the Nervous System in 2008 and is also the founder of Emotional Syphon Recordings, which has signed acts like Monster in the Machine and Droid.
Tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (pl.: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a  triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary convex polyhedra.

The tetrahedron is the three-dimensional case of the more general concept of a Euclidean simplex, and may thus also be called a 3-simplex.

The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".

Like all convex polyhedra, a tetrahedron can be folded from a single sheet of paper. It has two such nets.

For any tetrahedron there exists a sphere (called the circumsphere) on which all four vertices lie, and another sphere (the insphere) tangent to the tetrahedron's faces.

Heronian tetrahedron
A Heronian tetrahedron (also called a Heron tetrahedron or perfect pyramid) is a tetrahedron whose edge lengths, face areas and volume are all integers. The faces must therefore all be Heronian triangles (named for Hero of Alexandria).
Every Heronian tetrahedron can be arranged in Euclidean space so that its vertex coordinates are also integers.
The Flame Trees of Thika
The Flame Trees of Thika is a British television serial of seven 50-minute episodes made by Euston Films for Thames Television in 1981. It was adapted by John Hawkesworth from the 1959 book of the same title by Elspeth Huxley, and is set in and around the town of Thika in Kenya's Central Province. The story deals with the lives of British settlers in this part of East Africa in 1913, when the country was a British colony, up to the start of World War One.

The series stars Hayley Mills (in her first starring role after a six-year performing hiatus), Holly Aird, David Robb and Ben Cross.

Elspeth Huxley
Elspeth Joscelin Huxley CBE (née Grant; 23 July 1907 – 10 January 1997) was an English writer, journalist, broadcaster, magistrate, environmentalist, farmer, and government adviser. She wrote over 40 books, including her best-known lyrical books, The Flame Trees of Thika and The Mottled Lizard, based on her youth in a coffee farm in British Kenya. Her husband, Gervas Huxley, was a grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley and a cousin of Aldous Huxley.
Liz Tigelaar
Rachel Elizabeth Tigelaar (born October 4, 1975) is an American television writer, producer, and author.

She has worked on the series Brothers & Sisters, American Dreams, Once and Again, Once Upon a Time, Revenge, Bates Motel, Casual and is well known for creating and executive producing The CW series Life Unexpected.

Life Unexpected
Life Unexpected is  an American teen drama television series that aired for two seasons from January 18, 2010 to January 18, 2011. It was produced by Best Day Ever Productions and Mojo Films in association with CBS Productions and Warner Bros. Television and broadcast by The CW. Created by Liz Tigelaar, who served as an executive producer with Gary Fleder and Janet Leahy, the series stars Britt Robertson, Shiri Appleby, Kristoffer Polaha, and Kerr Smith.

Set in Portland, the story follows Lux Cassidy, a teenager who was given up at birth and has spent her life in foster care who finds her biological parents, Nate Bazile and Cate Cassidy. Wishing to become emancipated, Lux is instead given in to their custody.

While Life Unexpected received mostly positive reviews, it struggled in the ratings and was canceled by The CW in 2011.
Herts/Middlesex 4
Herts/Middlesex 4 was a tier 12 English Rugby Union league that was organized by the London and South East Division Rugby Football Union.  It was the fourth division competition for clubs in Hertfordshire and parts of north-west London that traditionally belonged to the historic county of Middlesex.  Promoted teams moved up to Herts/Middlesex 3 and since the cancellation of Herts/Middlesex 5 there was no relegation.

It involved a number of formats over the years, switching between a single division and regional (north/south) divisions.  Herts/Middlesex 4 folded at the end of the 2009-10 season with most teams being promoted automatically to Herts/Middlesex 3.

Herts/Middlesex 5
Herts/Middlesex 5 was a tier 13 English Rugby Union league that was organized by the London and South East Division Rugby Football Union.  It was the fifth division competition for clubs in Hertfordshire and parts of north-west London that traditionally belonged to the historic county of Middlesex.  The league was split into two regional divisions - Herts/Middlesex 5 North and Herts/Middlesex 5 - with promoted teams moving up to Herts/Middlesex 4 and there was no relegation as it was the lowest level in the region.  Herts/Middlesex 5 only lasted one season before being discontinued, with all teams being transferred into Herts/Middlesex 4.
Oath of a Freeman
The “Oath of a Freeman” was a loyalty pledge required of all new members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s. Printed as a broadside by Stephen Daye in 1639, it is the first document from a printing press known to have been produced in the present day United States.  No copies are known to exist, but the text is known from a handwritten copy and two books, New-England’s Jonas Cast Up at London (1647) and Massachusetts's General Lawes and Libertyes (1648).

A supposed original printing of the document surfaced in 1985, but it was later revealed to be the work of forger Mark Hofmann.

Mark Hofmann
Mark William Hofmann (born December 7, 1954) is an American counterfeiter, forger, and convicted murderer. Widely regarded as one of the most accomplished forgers in history, Hofmann is especially noted for his creation of fake documents related to the history of the Latter Day Saint movement. When his schemes began to unravel, he constructed bombs to murder three people in Salt Lake City, Utah. The first two bombs killed two people on October 15, 1985. On the following day, a third bomb exploded in Hofmann's car. He was arrested for the bombings three months later, and in 1987 pled guilty to two counts of second-degree murder, one count of theft by deception, and one count of fraud.
Asuka, Nara
Asuka (明日香村, Asuka-mura) is a village located in Takaichi District, Nara Prefecture, Japan. As of April 1, 2017, the village has an estimated population of 5,681, with 2,170 households, and a population density of 240 inhabitants per square mile (93/km2). The total area is 24.08 km2 (9.30 sq mi).

Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka (飛鳥) palaces were located. There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town.

Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line. Although it's outside Asuka, Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line, Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines. By car, Asuka is on Route 169.

Takamatsuzuka Tomb
The Takamatsuzuka Tomb (高松塚古墳, Takamatsuzuka Kofun) is an Asuka period circular tomb burial mound, located in the village of Asuka, Nara in the Kansai region of Japan. The tumulus was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1972.
Bobby Braddock
Robert Valentine Braddock (born August 5, 1940) is an American country songwriter and record producer. A member of the Country Music Hall of Fame and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, Braddock has contributed numerous hit songs during more than 40 years in the industry, including 13 number-one hit singles.

George Jones
George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American country musician, singer, and songwriter. He achieved international fame for a long list of hit records, and is well known for his distinctive voice and phrasing. For the last two decades of his life, Jones is frequently referred to as "the greatest country singer", "The Rolls-Royce of Country Music", and had more than 160 chart singles to his name from 1955 until his death in 2013.

Jones served in the United States Marine Corps and was discharged in 1953. In 1959, Jones recorded "White Lightning", written by The Big Bopper, which launched his career as a singer. Years of alcoholism severely compromised his health and led to his missing many performances, earning him the nickname "No Show Jones". Jones died in 2013, aged 81, from hypoxic respiratory failure.
Dinanukht
Dinanukht (also spelled Dinanukt or Dananukt; Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡉࡍࡀࡍࡅࡊࡕ or ࡃࡀࡍࡀࡍࡅࡊࡕ; from Persian 'the one who speaks in accordance with the religion') is a mythological character in the Ginza Rabba, one of the main religious scriptures of Mandaeism, who is portrayed as an anthropomorphic book. Book 6 of the Right Ginza describes his ascension to the World of Light.

Buckley (2010) suggests a connection with Nbu (Mercury), who is associated with scribes and books. For instance, in the Zrazta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa (Drower Collection Ms. 44), Nbu is the Lord of Book and ink and wisdom. Similarly, Dinanukht is called the "ink-book of the gods" in Right Ginza 6.

Nbu
In Mandaeism, ʿNbu (Classical Mandaic: ࡏࡍࡁࡅ), Nbu, or Enbu is the Mandaic name for the planet Mercury. Nbu is one of the seven planets (Classical Mandaic: ࡔࡅࡁࡀ, romanized: šuba, lit. 'The Seven'), who are part of the entourage of Ruha in the World of Darkness. This name was borrowed from the Mesopotamian god called Nabu.

Nbu is associated with learning and scribes, as well as Jesus and Christianity. For example, in Qulasta prayer 210 and Right Ginza 1.4, Nbu is described as "learned and wise" (Classical Mandaic: ࡎࡀࡐࡓࡀ ࡅࡄࡀࡊࡉࡌࡀ, romanized: sapra u-hakima). Other names for Nbu include Maqurpiil, Mšiha (i.e., Jesus the Messiah), and ʿaṭarid (of Arabic origin). Nbu's name is derived from the Akkadian Nabû.

Buckley (2010) suggests a connection between Dinanukht and Nbu. For instance, in the Zrazta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa (Drower Collection Ms. 44), Nbu is the Lord of Books, Ink, and Wisdom. Similarly, Dinanukht is called the "ink-book of the gods" (Mandaic: spar diuta ḏ-alahia) in Right Ginza 6.
Rockaway Beach Branch
The Rockaway Beach Branch was a rail line owned and operated by the Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York City, United States. The line left the Main Line at Whitepot Junction in Rego Park  heading south via Ozone Park and across Jamaica Bay to Hammels in the Rockaways, turning west there to a terminal at Rockaway Park. Along the way it connected with the Montauk Branch near Glendale, the Atlantic Branch near Woodhaven, and the Far Rockaway Branch at Hammels.

After a 1950 fire, the Jamaica Bay bridge was closed and the line south of Ozone Park sold to the city, which rehabilitated the portion south of Liberty Avenue and connected it to the New York City Subway system as the IND Rockaway Line. The portion north of the subway connection was closed in 1962, and two proposals exist for the reuse of the line.

Glendale, Queens
Glendale is a neighborhood in the west-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bounded by Forest Hills to the east, Ridgewood to the west, Woodhaven to the south, and Middle Village to the north.

Glendale was built on a swampy area previously called Fresh Pond. The neighborhood was later developed into an industrial area, though it is now a more residential neighborhood. Glendale's land area is long on its east-west axis and narrow on its north-south axis. The area is surrounded mainly by cemeteries, although the neighborhood also contains several large parks, including part of Forest Park.

Glendale is located in Queens Community District 5 and its ZIP Code is 11385. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 104th Precinct. Politically, Glendale is represented by the New York City Council's 30th District.
Alana Jančevski
Alana Jančevski (Macedonian: Алана Јанчевски, pronounced [ˈa.la.na janˈt͡ʃɛfski] AH-lah-nah yan-CHEF-skee; born 13 March 2003) is an Australian soccer player. She plays as a forward for Melbourne Victory in the A-League Women. She has represented Australia with the Australia U17s and Australia U23s.

Melbourne Victory FC (women)
Melbourne Victory Football Club is an Australian professional women's association football team affiliated with Melbourne Victory FC and Football Federation Victoria based in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 2008, the team is one of the representatives of Melbourne in Australia's top-tier domestic competition – the A-League Women.

The Club plays at two home grounds. The Club's primary home ground is the Home of The Matildas. The club also plays home games at the in double header matches before the men's team at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, currently known as AAMI Park for sponsorship purposes, a 30,050-seat stadium on Olympic Boulevard in Melbourne's city centre. The Victory has previously played its home matches at other stadiums throughout Melbourne and surrounding areas, including Lakeside Stadium, Docklands Stadium and CB Smith Reserve.
Wallisellen–Uster–Rapperswil railway line
The Wallisellen–Uster–Rapperswil railway line is a railway line in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. It is also known as the Glatthalbahn, Glatttalbahn or Glattalbahn (Gl-TB), although the latter name is now more commonly used to refer to the Stadtbahn Glattal, a nearby light rail system.

The line runs from Wallisellen, where it diverges from the Zürich–Winterthur line to Uster and Rapperswil. A second link from Zürich, via the Zürichberg Tunnel, joins the line just before Dübendorf, and both routes are used by through trains from Zürich. The line also has junctions with the Effretikon to Hinwil line, at Wetzikon, and the Tösstalbahn, at Rüti. At Rapperswil, it connects with the Lake Zurich right bank line, the Rapperswil to Ziegelbrücke line, and the Südostbahn over the Seedamm.

The name Glattalbahn is German for Glattal railway, or Glatt valley railway. The river Glatt is a tributary of the river Rhine flowing from Greifensee lake to Glattfelden in Switzerland.

Effretikon–Hinwil railway line
The Effretikon to Hinwil railway line, also known as the Kempttalbahn, is a railway line in the Swiss canton of Zurich. It runs from Effretikon, where it diverges from the Zurich to Winterthur line, to Wetzikon, where it connects with the Wallisellen to Rapperswil line, and Hinwil. The line is 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) long, standard gauge, single track and electrified at 15 kV  16.7 Hz AC supplied by overhead line.
Battle of Maiwand
The Battle of Maiwand (Dari: نبرد میوند, Pashto: د ميوند جگړه), fought on 27 July 1880, was one of the principal battles of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Under the leadership of Ayub Khan, the Afghan forces defeated a much smaller British force consisting of two brigades of British and Indian troops under Brigadier-General George Burrows, albeit at a high price: between 2,050 and 2,750 Afghan tribal militamen were killed, and probably about 1,500 wounded. British and Indian forces suffered 1,200 dead.

Battle of Kandahar (1880)
The Battle of Kandahar, 1 September 1880, was the last major conflict of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The battle in southern Afghanistan was fought between the British forces under command of General Roberts and the Afghan forces led by Ayub Khan. It ended with a decisive British victory over Afghan forces. Ayub Khan, who lost his entire artillery, vast quantities of ammunition, and about 1,000 men killed, became a fugitive along with the small remnants of his army.
Chris McGrath (footballer)
Christopher Roland McGrath (born 29 November 1954) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a winger for Tottenham Hotspur, Millwall, Manchester United and Tulsa Roughnecks, and as an international for Northern Ireland.

Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984)
The Tulsa Roughnecks (1978–1984) were a North American Soccer League (NASL) team from Tulsa, Oklahoma. It played its home games at Skelly Stadium on the campus of the University of Tulsa. The team, previously Team Hawaii, moved to Tulsa after the 1977 season. In 1983, Alex Skotarek became general manager and led one of the lowest-budgeted teams in the NASL to a championship, defeating Toronto, 2–0, at Soccer Bowl '83.

Shortly after the Tulsa Roughnecks victory of the 1983 Soccer Bowl, President Ronald Reagan sent congratulatory remarks to the team as they carried the trophy in a celebration parade through downtown Tulsa. Until the Oklahoma City Thunder won the NBA Finals in 2025, the Roughnecks were the only major professional team from Oklahoma to win a championship.
North Dakota Industrial Commission
The North Dakota Industrial Commission is the body that oversees the management of several separate programs and resources, including the Bank of North Dakota, North Dakota Mill and Elevator, and the Department of Mineral Resources. By law, it has three members: the Attorney General, the Agriculture Commissioner, and the Governor, who acts as chair.

Bank of North Dakota
The Bank of North Dakota (BND) is a state-owned, state-run financial institution based in Bismarck, North Dakota. It is the only government-owned, general-service bank in the United States. It is the legal depository for all state funds in North Dakota and uses these deposits to fund development, agriculture, and small businesses.

The bank was established in the early 20th century to promote agriculture, commerce, and industry in the state. It has received praise and media attention in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and for their actions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to available data, the bank has turned a profit every year since its founding. The BND has a favorable reputation among North Dakotans. Other states have tried to replicate the BND elsewhere but have been limited by political gridlock and the power dynamics in banking.
Derrick Tribbett
Derrick Tribbett (born December 18, 1984), better known by his stage names Tripp Lee and Sinister, is an American musician who is the lead vocalist of heavy metal band Twisted Method. He is the younger brother of Audiotopsy and Mudvayne lead guitarist Greg Tribbett. He is also known for his role on the reality show Daisy of Love starring former Rock of Love 2 contestant Daisy De La Hoya.

Greg Tribbett
Gregory Arnold Tribbett Jr. (born November 7, 1968) is an American musician who is the lead guitarist, backing vocalist and one of the founding members of metal band Mudvayne. He is also the former lead guitarist and backing vocalist of metal bands Audiotopsy and Hellyeah. He has been with Mudvayne since their inception in 1996 until 2010, and again from 2021 to now. He has named Randy Rhoads as the guitarist who most influenced him.  Greg has three brothers; Derrick "Tripp" Tribbett, who played bass for Dope and sang for Makeshift Romeo and Twisted Method, The Late Dustin "Diggz" Tribbett, once the bass player for Element and Dead End Asylum, now an independent musician and writer, and Matt Tribbett, who was a drum technician for American metal band Slipknot.