hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Lithgow Zig Zag
The Lithgow Zig Zag is a heritage-listed former zig zag railway line built near Lithgow on the Great Western Line of New South Wales in Australia. The zig zag line operated between 1869 and 1910, to overcome an otherwise insurmountable climb and descent on the western side of the Blue Mountains. It was designed by John Whitton and built from 1863 to 1869 by Patrick Higgins as contractor. It is also known as the Great Zig Zag Railway and Reserves and Zig Zag Railway. The property is owned by Department of Planning and Infrastructure (State Government). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

Part of the railway line is now used by the Zig Zag Railway, a narrow gauge tourist railway.

Zig zag (railway)
A railway zig zag or switchback is a railway operation in which a train is required to switch its direction of travel to continue its journey. While this may be required purely from an operational standpoint, it is also ideal for climbing steep gradients with minimal need for tunnels and heavy earthworks. For a short distance (corresponding to the middle leg of the letter "Z"), the direction of travel is reversed, before the original direction is resumed. Some switchbacks do not come in pairs, and the train may then need to travel backwards for a considerable distance.

A location on railways constructed by using a zig-zag alignment at which trains must reverse direction to continue is a reversing station.

One of the best-known examples is the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site railway in India, which has six full zig zags and three spirals.
Thomas O. Sully
Thomas O. Sully (November 24, 1855 – March 15, 1939) was one of the most important architects in New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. Sully's works include the Hennen Building addition and Poplar Grove Plantation (1884) in Port Allen, Louisiana.

Poplar Grove Plantation (Louisiana)
The Poplar Grove Plantation, also once known as Popular Grove Plant and Refining Company, is a historic building, site and cemetery, the plantation is from the 1820s and the manor house was built in 1884, located in Port Allen in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. The site served as a sugar plantation worked by enslaved African Americans, starting in the 1820s by James McCalop. Starting in 1903, the site was owned by the Wilkinson family for many generations.

The house has been on the list of National Register of Historic Places, since December 14, 1987, for its architectural importance.
Erzyas
The Erzyas (also Erzyans', Erzya people; Erzya: эрзят, romanized: erzat; Russian: эрзяне, romanized: erzyane) are a Finno-Ugric ethnic group. Their native language is Erzya. They are closely related to but distinct from Mokshas, and together they are often called Mordvin peoples, especially by outsiders.

Mokshas
The Mokshas (also Mokshans, Moksha people; Moksha: Мокшет/Mokšet) comprise a Mordvinian ethnic group belonging to the Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They live in Russia, mostly near the Volga and Moksha rivers, a tributary of the Oka River.

Their native language is Mokshan, one of the two surviving members of the Mordvinic branch of the Uralic language family. According to a 1994 Russian census, 49% of the autochthonal Finnic population in Mordovia identified themselves as Mokshas, totaling more than 180,000 people. Most Mokshas belong to the Russian Orthodox Church; other religions practised by Mokshas include Lutheranism and paganism.
Padre Padrone
Padre Padrone is a 1977 Italian film directed by Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani.  The Tavianis used both professional and non-professional actors from the Sardinian countryside. The title (pronounced [ˈpaːdre pa'drone]) literally means "Father Master"; it has been translated as My Father, My Master or Father and Master.

The drama was originally filmed by the Taviani brothers for Italian television but won the 1977 Palme d'Or prize at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival.

The film depicts a Sardinian shepherd who is terrorized by his domineering father and tries to escape by educating himself. He eventually becomes a celebrated linguist. The drama is based on an autobiographical book of the same title by Gavino Ledda.

In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Gavino Ledda
Gavino Ledda (Sardinian: Gavinu 'e Ledda; born 30 December 1938) is an author and a scholar of the Italian language and of Sardinian. He is best known for his autobiographical work Padre Padrone (1975).
Prince Nicholas Romanov
Nicholas Romanovich Romanov (Russian: Николай Романович Романов; 26 September 1922 – 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and president of the Romanov Family Association. Although undoubtedly a descendant of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House were disputed by those who maintained that his parents' marriage violated the laws of the Russian Empire.

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (Russian: Мария Владимировна Романова, romanized: Mariya Vladimirovna Romanova; born 23 December 1953) has been a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov, the Imperial Family of Russia (who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of all the Russias from 1613 to 1917) since 1992. She is a great-great-granddaughter in the male line of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Although she has used Grand Duchess of Russia as her title of pretence with the style Imperial Highness throughout her life, her right to do so is disputed. Since her father's death on April 21, 1992, some of her monarchist supporters have referred to her as Maria I, titular "Empress of Russia", a title she does not claim herself.
Anna Kalinskaya
Anna Nikolayevna Kalinskaya (born 2 December 1998) is a Russian professional tennis player. She reached career-high rankings of world No. 11 in singles on 28 October 2024, and No. 37 in doubles on 11 August 2025. On the WTA Tour, she has won four doubles titles. She also has won one singles title on the WTA Challenger Tour, and seven singles and nine doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. Her best singles performance at a major event is reaching the quarterfinals at the 2024 Australian Open.

She began her career at age 17 by winning the girls' doubles title at the 2016 Australian Open, alongside Tereza Mihalíková. Previously, she made the final at the 2015 French Open in the girls' singles event. She also made the final of the 2015 US Open in the doubles event, with compatriot Anastasia Potapova.

In 2025, she won her biggest doubles title with Sorana Cîrstea at the WTA 1000 Madrid Open.

2016 Australian Open – Girls' doubles
Miriam Kolodziejová and Markéta Vondroušová were the defending champions, however Kolodziejová was no longer eligible to play juniors and Vondroušová chose not to participate.

Anna Kalinskaya and Tereza Mihalíková won the title, defeating Dayana Yastremska and Anastasia Zarytska in the final, 6–1, 6–1.
Tamara Dragičević
Tamara Dragičević (Serbian Cyrillic: Тамара Драгичевић, pronounced [ˌtǎmara draˈɡǐːt͡ʃeʋit͜ɕ]; born 30 March 1989) is a Serbian actress and model. She is best known for her performances in the film  Montevideo, God Bless You! by Dragan Bjelogrlić and the RTS series The Scent of Rain in the Balkans by Ljubiša Samardžić.

The Scent of Rain in the Balkans (TV series)
The Scent of Rain in the Balkans (Serbian: Мирис кише на Балкану / Miris kiše na Balkanu) is a Serbian television series, adapted from the 1986 novel of the same name by Gordana Kuić. Consisting of fourteen episodes, it was directed by actor, director and producer Ljubiša Samardžić, and produced by his wife Mirjana. The series was broadcast on the RTS1 once in a week from 11 December 2010 to 11 March 2011. The Scent of Rain in the Balkans was filmed in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Zagreb and Dubrovnik.

The sequel to the series, The Blossom of Linden in the Balkans, is expected to be premiered in 2011.
Gymnoi sto dromo
Gymnoi sto dromo or Gimni sto dromo (Greek: Γυμνοί στο δρόμο, Naked in the street) is a 1969 Greek drama film directed and written by Giannis Dalianidis and starring Zoi Laskari, Nikos Kourkoulos, Vangelis Silinos, Andreas Barkoulis and Chronis Exarchakos.  The story is about a wealthy lady (Zoi Laskari) which she falls in love with a poor worker (Nikos Kourkoulos) and took part in reactions of the circle in which himself had a fiancée with a girl from his block.

Andreas Barkoulis
Andreas Barkoulis (Greek: Ανδρέας Μπάρκουλης; 4 August 1936 – 23 August 2016) was a Greek actor. He graduated from the “Kostis Mihailides” drama school. He was among the most popular male actors of the 1950s and 1960s in Greece. Barkoulis, acted in 109 films and played in the theatre and television for over 50 years. He was considered such a heartthrob that a popular expression of the era was created for him: "Eh koritsia, o Barkoulis!" (Hey girls, it's Barkoulis!). He died on 23 August 2016 at the age of 80.
Lekeberg Municipality
Lekeberg Municipality (Swedish: Lekebergs kommun) is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the town of Fjugesta, with around 2,000 inhabitants.

Lekeberg was first formed as a municipality in connection with the local government reform of 1952 by the amalgamation of five smaller units. In 1967 two more parishes were added. The next reform of 1971 placed the area within Örebro Municipality. It was re-established in 1995 within its 1967 borders.

Fjugesta
Fjugesta is a locality and the seat of Lekeberg Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden, with 2,033 inhabitants in 2010.

Fjugesta is the hometown of Southeastern Louisiana University international English writing teacher Birgitta Ramsey.

In Sweden, Fjugesta is widely identified with "Fjugesta-mordet" (the Fjugesta murder), for which Swedish Olympic athlete Olle Möller was convicted.

Compared to many settlements of its size, Fjugesta has a very rich history of local business and industry. Currently it has multiple repair shops for automotive vehicles and tune-up stores, but also multiple independent carpeting businesses.
Curse III: Blood Sacrifice
Curse III: Blood Sacrifice (also known  as Panga) is a 1991 horror film written and directed by Sean Barton. Although released as Curse III, it bears no resemblance to either The Curse or Curse II: The Bite and is a sequel in name only.

Curse II: The Bite
Curse II: The Bite (also known simply as The Bite) is a 1989 horror film directed by Frederico Prosperi, credited as Fred Goodwin. It is the second entry in the Curse tetralogy, a rebranding of unrelated films for marketing purposes.
Drest IX
Drest was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from about 834 until 837. He was the son of King Caustantín and succeeded his uncle, Óengus, to the throne.

The length of his reign is based on the various Pictish king lists, where he is associated with Talorgan son of Uuthoil. Some sources, such as John of Fordun, conflate the two kings as "Durstolorger", perhaps under the influence of the earlier "Dubthalorc".

It was once thought that Pictish kings in this period were also kings of Dál Riata, but this is no longer supported.

Óengus II
Óengus mac Fergusa (Angus MacFergus; Irish Onuist, Latinised Hungus) was king of the Picts from 820 until 834. In Scottish historiography, he is associated with the veneration of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, although this has not been proven.
Maggie (2022 TV series)
Maggie is an American television sitcom created by Justin Adler and Maggie Mull, based on the short film of the same name by Tim Curcio. The 13-episode first season was released on the Hulu streaming service on July 6, 2022, with Rebecca Rittenhouse in the title role. The series was cancelled In September 2022. The series was removed from Hulu on May 26, 2023, following a Disney+ and Hulu content removal purge as part of a broader cost cutting initiative under Disney CEO Bob Iger.

Rebecca Rittenhouse
Rebecca Rittenhouse is an American actress. She has played Cody LeFever in the ABC prime time soap opera Blood & Oil and Dr. Anna Ziev in the Hulu romantic comedy series The Mindy Project. In 2022, she played the title character in the comedy series Maggie, which was cancelled after 13 episodes and purged from the Hulu streaming service in 2023.
Akita Castle
Akita Castle (秋田城, Akita-jō) refers to the ruins of a Nara period fortified settlement located in what is now the city Akita, Akita Prefecture, Japan. It is also sometimes referred to as “Fort Akita”. The name is sometimes used wrongly for Kubota Castle, an Edo period Japanese castle which served as the headquarters or the Satake, daimyō of Kubota Domain that was a domain in the northern part of Dewa Province created by the Tokugawa shogunate.

Dewa Province
Dewa Province (出羽国, Dewa no Kuni, Japanese pronunciation: [deꜜ.wa (no kɯ.ɲi)]) was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka.  Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Stanisław Kętrzyński
Stanisław Kętrzyński (Polish pronunciation: [staˈɲiswaf kɛnˈtʂɨɲskʲi]; 10 September 1878 in Lwów, Austro-Hungary – 26 May 1950 in Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish historian, diplomat and freemason.

He was the son of Polish historian Wojciech Kętrzyński.

During the Second World War Stanisław Kętrzyński was a prisoner in the German Auschwitz concentration camp.

Among his students were Stanisław Arnold, Aleksander Gieysztor, Jadwiga Karwasińska and Adam Wolff.

Wojciech Kętrzyński
Wojciech Kętrzyński (born Adalbert von Winkler; 11 July 1838 – 15 January 1918), was a Polish historian and the director of the Ossolineum Library in Lemberg, then the capital of Galicia, Austrian Empire. He focused on Polish history at a time when Poland was partitioned between foreign powers. He opposed the idea of Germanization and assisted in the January Uprising for Poland's cause. In 1861 he legally changed his name and became a Polish national.
The Tenor – Lirico Spinto
The Tenor – Lirico Spinto (Korean: 더 테너 – 리리코 스핀토) is a 2014 South Korean-Japanese musical biographical drama film directed by Kim Sang-man. This film telling about chronicling the life of South Korean tenor Bae Jae-chul who performed in numerous European operas, but lost his voice at the peak of his career due to thyroid cancer. However, after enduring a long period of painful rehabilitation, with the help of his wife Yoon-hee as well as his longtime friend and Japanese producer Koji Sawada, Bae regained his singing ability and half his vocal range. Bae was portrayed by Yoo Ji-tae.

The film premiered at the 17th Shanghai International Film Festival, and was released in South Korea on December 31, 2014.

Yoo Ji-tae
Yoo Ji-tae (Korean: 유지태; born April 13, 1976) is a South Korean actor. After a stint as a fashion model, Yoo launched his acting career in 1998 then rose to fame through the films Attack the Gas Station (1999) and Ditto (2000). In the succeeding years, he gained acting recognition by working with acclaimed directors such as Hur Jin-ho in One Fine Spring Day (2001), Park Chan-wook in Oldboy (2003), and Hong Sang-soo in Woman is the Future of Man (2004). Yoo began directing short films in 2003, which were well received in the film festival circuit. His feature directorial debut Mai Ratima was released in 2012.
Virgin 17
Virgin 17 was a French music video and TV show television network owned by the MCM Group, a subsidiary of Lagardère Active. It was available through digital terrestrial television (DTT).

The channel was created for the launch of DTT and modeled after MCM, another channel owned by Lagardère Active. It initially had the working title "iMCM", but in 2004 it was named after the radio station Europe 2, and was then renamed Virgin 17 on 1 January 2008 (along with the radio station which became Virgin Radio France).
From 1 September 2010, Virgin 17 was replaced by Direct Star. This change was intended by the Bolloré Group "for the sake of the uniform group" .

The TV channel had been broadcast free-to-air via satellite Hot Bird 8 (13°E) up to 2007-11-21. Now it's Viaccess encrypted and available to TPS subscribers as well as on Internet television.

Virgin 17 was replaced on 1 September 2010 by Direct Star.

Europe 2
Europe 2 is a French private musical category D radio (category C for local stations). The whole works like a broadcasting network, the local antennas broadcasting a program during the pick-up, and the national program the rest of the time.

Europe 2 broadcasts singles and songs by rock & pop artists. Classified in the category of contemporary adult radios and primarily targets young adults.
The Palace on the River
The Palace on the River (Italian: La Reggia sul fiume) is a 1940 Italian comedy film directed by Alberto Salvi and starring Ferdinand Guillaume, Leda Gloria and Gildo Bocci. Three penniless friends live in a slum by a river which they nickname "the palace". Taking pity on a struggling orphaned young woman, they take her in and look after her. In order to raise money so she can marry her sweetheart, they decide to try and collect a reward for capturing a notorious thief.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Ivo Battelli. It was shot at Cinecittà Studios in Rome.

Ferdinand Guillaume
Ferdinand Guillaume (1887–1977) was a French-born Italian actor and film director. He often is known by his stage name Polidor.

In 1910, after working for years in the family circus, he and his brother Natale were hired by Cines Studios where he starred in over 100 comedy silent shorts billed as the character Tontolini. He then went to work for Pasquali Film in Turin.
In the Mouth of Madness
In the Mouth of Madness is a 1994 American supernatural horror film directed and scored by John Carpenter and written by Michael De Luca. It stars Sam Neill, Julie Carmen, Jürgen Prochnow, David Warner and Charlton Heston. Neill stars as John Trent, an insurance investigator who visits a small town while looking into the disappearance of a successful author of horror novels, and begins to question his sanity as the lines between reality and fiction seem to blur. Informally, the film is the third and final installment in what Carpenter refers to as his "Apocalypse Trilogy", preceded by The Thing (1982) and Prince of Darkness (1987).

In the Mouth of Madness pays tribute to the works of author H. P. Lovecraft in its exploration of insanity, and its title is derived from the Lovecraft novella At the Mountains of Madness. Distributed by New Line Cinema, In the Mouth of Madness received mixed reviews upon release, but has gained a cult following.

Julie Carmen
Julie Carmen is an American actress, dancer, and licensed psychotherapist. She came to prominence onscreen in the 1980s and 1990s, for her roles in John Cassavetes’ Gloria (1980), Robert Redford’s The Milagro Beanfield War (1988), and John Carpenter’s In the Mouth of Madness (1994).

She also starred in Fright Night Part 2 and Gore Vidal's Billy the Kid as well as a recurring role on the TV series Condo and Falcon Crest. She plays La Doña in Tales of the Walking Dead.
Argus C3
The Argus C3 was a low-priced rangefinder camera mass-produced from 1939 to 1966 by Argus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. The camera sold over 2.2 million units, making it one of the most popular American cameras in history. Due to its shape, size, and weight, it is commonly referred to as "The Brick" by photographers (in Japan its nickname translates as "The Lunchbox"). The most famous 20th-century photographer who used it was Tony Vaccaro, who employed this model during World War II.

Tony Vaccaro
Michelantonio Celestino Onofrio Vaccaro (December 20, 1922 – December 28, 2022) was an American photographer who is best known for his photos taken in Europe during 1944 and 1945, and in Germany immediately following World War II. He subsequently became a fashion and lifestyle photographer for American magazines.
Dione Venables
Dione Patricia Mary Venables (née Gordon-Finlay; 20 October 1930 – 12 September 2023), also known by her pen name as D.G. Finlay, was an English novelist and publisher. She is also known for her founding of The Orwell Society.

The Orwell Society
The Orwell Society is a literary society and a UK registered charity. It was founded in 2011 with the aim of promoting the understanding and appreciation of the life and work of George Orwell (the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair 1903–1950). Its patron is Richard Blair, George Orwell's adopted son.

The society has no political affiliation and does not speculate on what Orwell might have thought of current political issues were he alive today.
Sage Automotive Interiors
Sage Automotive Interiors is a portfolio company of Japan-based Asahi Kasei and a global supplier of technical textiles for the automotive industry. The company develops and produces automotive interior surfaces such as seating, door panels and automobile headliners that are used in cars, trucks, SUVs and minivans.

Sage Automotive Interiors specializes in fabric design, engineering and manufacturing. With corporate headquarters located on the campus of Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research in Greenville, South Carolina USA, Sage operates 22 design and support facilities in 18 countries, with plants in North America, Brazil, China, Japan, India, Thailand, Europe and Korea, and employees over 2,000 people.

Asahi Kasei
Asahi Kasei Corporation (旭化成株式会社, Asahi Kasei Kabushiki-gaisha; styled as AsahiKASEI) is a multinational Japanese chemical company. Its main products are chemicals and materials.

It was founded in May 1931, using the paid-in capital of Nobeoka Ammonia Fiber Co., Ltd, a Nobeoka, Miyazaki-based producer of ammonia, nitric acid, and other chemicals.  Now headquartered in Tokyo, with offices and plants across Japan, as well as China, Singapore, Thailand, U.S.A. and Germany.

The company is listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the TOPIX 100 and Nikkei 225 stock market indices.
Jeton
Jetons or jettons are tokens or coin-like medals produced across Europe from the 13th through the 18th centuries. They were produced as counters for use in calculation on a counting board, a lined board similar to an abacus. Jetons for calculation were commonly used in Europe from about 1200 to 1700, and remained in occasional use into the early nineteenth century. They also found use as a money substitute in games, similar to modern casino chips or poker chips.

Thousands of different jetons exist, mostly of religious and educational designs, as well as portraits, the last of which most resemble coinage, somewhat similar to modern, non-circulation commemorative coins. The spelling "jeton" is from the French; it is sometimes spelled "jetton" in English.

Telephone token
Telephone tokens were token coins once widely used for making telephone calls from public telephones in place of ordinary coins. They were also sometimes used as a medium of exchange and as a collectible. Telephone tokens were once widely used in Europe, Israel, Japan, and South America, but have since been largely superseded by telephone cards and credit cards.

They were introduced during inflationary periods to avoid having to frequently change the coin slots on pay phones.