hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glasgow Garden Festival
The Glasgow Garden Festival was the third of the five national garden festivals, and the only one to take place in Scotland.

It was held in Glasgow between 28 April and 26 September 1988. It was the first event of its type to be held in the city in 50 years, since the Empire Exhibition of 1938, and also marked the centenary of Glasgow's first International Exhibition, the International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry of 1888.

It attracted 4.3 million visitors over 152 days, by far the most successful of the five National Garden Festivals. Its significance in the rebirth of the city was underlined by the 1990 European City of Culture title bestowed on Glasgow in September 1986. The two events together did much to restore Glasgow to national and international prominence.

International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry
The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry was the first of 4 international exhibitions held in Glasgow, Scotland, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It took place at Kelvingrove Park between May and November 1888. The main aim of the exhibition was to draw international attention to the city's achievements in applied sciences, industry and the arts during the Industrial Revolution. However, it was also hoped the Exhibition would raise enough money for a museum, art gallery and school of art in the city. The exhibition was opened by the Prince of Wales, as honorary president of the exhibition, on 8 May 1888. It was the greatest exhibition held outside London and the largest ever in Scotland during the 19th century.
The Verses
The Verses are an Australian band that features the brother and sister combination of Ella and Jesse Hooper, the founding members of popular Australian rock band Killing Heidi. Their debut album Seasons was released on Friday, 13 August 2010.

Seasons (The Verses album)
Seasons is the debut album from Australian band The Verses. Its original release date was set for 6 August 2010, but was delayed a week. The album was recorded in Los Angeles with producer Mitchell Froom.
Ravsalyn Otgonbayar
Ravsalyn Otgonbayar (Mongolian: Равсалын Отгонбаяр; born 31 May 1955) is a Mongolian boxer. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he lost to Carlos Gonzalez of Mexico.

Carlos González (boxer, born 1959)
Carlos González Ferrer (born 14 November 1959) is a Mexican boxer. He competed in the men's featherweight event at the 1980 Summer Olympics. At the 1980 Summer Olympics, he defeated Nidal Haddad and Ravsalyn Otgonbayar, before losing to Rudi Fink.
Whitby School
Whitby School is an independent, co-educational school in Greenwich, Connecticut, that was founded in 1958 and is accredited by the American Montessori Society (preschool through kindergarten), the International Baccalaureate Organization (grades 1-8), and the Connecticut Association of Independent Schools. The Head of School is Jay Briar.

American Montessori Society
The American Montessori Society (AMS) is a New York City-based, member-supported nonprofit organization which promotes the use of the Montessori teaching approach in private and public schools.

AMS advocates for the Montessori method (popularized by Maria Montessori) throughout the United States, and publishes its own standards and criteria for its accredited member schools. AMS supports research and public policy that advocate for Montessori education.
Wetzel County, West Virginia
Wetzel County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,442. Its county seat is New Martinsville. The county, founded in 1846, is named for Lewis Wetzel, a famous frontiersman and Indian fighter. Its northern border aligns with the Mason-Dixon line, but is to the west of the line's western terminus.

Tyler County, West Virginia
Tyler County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,313. Its county seat is Middlebourne. The county was founded in 1814 and is named after John Tyler, Sr., father of President John Tyler.
Variations (ballet)
Variations is a ballet made by New York City Ballet co-founder and founding choreographer George Balanchine to Stravinsky's Variations: Aldous Huxley in memoriam (1963–64). The premiere took place on Thursday, 31 March 1966 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center; Balanchine made a new version for City Ballet's 1982 Stravinsky Centennial Celebration.

New York City Ballet
New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein.  Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director.  City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.
Juliana Rojas
Juliana Rojas is a Brazilian filmmaker and editor born in Campinas, São Paulo (June 23, 1981). She graduated in Cinema in School of Communication and Arts of University of São Paulo (Escola de Comunicação e Artes da USP).

In 2011, her first feature film Hard Labor had its world premiere at the Un Certain Regard section of the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. Her film, Good Manners won the Silver Leopard at the 2017 Locarno Film Festival. In 2024, her latest film Cidade; Campo, won the Best Director award at the Encounters section of the 74th Berlin International Film Festival.

Hard Labor (film)
Hard Labor (Portuguese: Trabalhar Cansa) is 2011 Brazilian drama film directed by Juliana Rojas and Marco Dutra. It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. It was shot in São Paulo, Paulínia, and Campinas, all cities of the state of São Paulo.
2017 PBA Governors' Cup
The 2017 Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Governors' Cup, also known as the 2017 Oppo-PBA Governors' Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the third and last conference of the 2016–17 PBA season. The tournament started on July 19 and ended on October 27, 2017. The tournament allowed teams to hire foreign players or imports with a height limit of 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m).

Due to the FIBA Asia Cup, the league decided to temporarily shelve signing up Asian imports.

2016–17 PBA season
The 2016–17 PBA season was the 42nd season of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The league continues to use the three-conference format, starting with the Philippine Cup. The Commissioner's Cup and the Governors' Cup are the second and third conferences in the upcoming season.

The first event of the season was the 2016 PBA draft, held on October 30.
Paul McCole
Paul McCole (born 10 February 1972) is a Scottish actor, comedian and musician. He is perhaps best known for his role as Limmy's pal and also in the dark comedy series High Times along with his brother Stephen. He has appeared in television shows such as Limmy's Show, Taggart, Rab C. Nesbitt, and Still Game. McCole also performed in The Strange Undoing of Prudencia Heart from 2013 to 2014, (this was the longest touring show from the National Theatre of Scotland). He spends his time in an irreverent comedy duo/band with his writing partner Gordon Munro, Dignitas.

Limmy's Show
Limmy's Show! is a Scottish surreal comedy sketch show broadcast on BBC Two Scotland, written, directed and partly based on the 2006 podcast Limmy's World of Glasgow by Brian "Limmy" Limond, who stars as himself and a variety of characters in a series of observational, surreal, dark, and bizarre sketches. Limmy frequently breaks the fourth wall by directly talking to viewers through the camera. The show stars Brian Limond, Paul McCole, Alan McHugh, and Kirstin McLean. The first series featured a completely different supporting cast, consisting of Debbie Welsh, Tom Brogan and Raymond Mearns. The show has amassed a cult following since its release.
Gers (river)
The Gers (French: [ʒɛʁ(s)] ⓘ) is a 175-kilometre (109 mi) long river in southern France, left tributary of the Garonne.

Its source is in the foothills of the Pyrenees, near Lannemezan. It flows north through the départements Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers and Lot-et-Garonne. It flows into the Garonne in Layrac, near Agen. The city Auch lies along the river Gers. It gives its name to the Gers département.

Lannemezan
Lannemezan (French pronunciation: [lanməzɑ̃]; Gascon Occitan Lanamesa, "heath of the middle") is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department and the Occitanie region in south-western France. The inhabitants are called Lannemezanais.

Lannemezan is the largest city in the Communauté de communes du Plateau de Lannemezan.
Babai revolt
The Babai revolt was a thirteenth-century rebellion that took place in the southeastern territories of the Sultanate of Rum starting in 1239 and lasting for three years. The revolt was spearheaded by Baba Ishak, who led the Turkomans against the authority of the Sultanate.

Baba Ishak
Baba Ishak, also spelled Baba Ishāq, Babaî, or Bābā’ī, a 13th-century preacher, led an uprising of the Turkoman of Anatolia against the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm well known as Babai Revolt c. 1239 until he was hanged in 1241.
Nut Island
Nut Island is a former island in Boston Harbor, part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area.  The island has been connected through a short causeway to the end of Houghs Neck, becoming part of the mainland of Quincy, Massachusetts.

There are recreational trails, benches and a fishing pier on the small island, with multiple signs showcasing its history.  The only building on the island is a Massachusetts Water Resources Authority sewage treatment plant, which screens out grit and large objects before pumping sewage from the south side of the system to the central processing facility at Deer Island through a 4.8-mile (7.7 km) deep-bore tunnel. The Nut Island effect is named after this plant, which experienced management problems in the 1980s.

Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park
Boston Harbor Islands National and State Park is a combination national recreation area and state park situated among the islands of Boston Harbor. The park is made up of 34 islands and peninsulas and is managed by the Boston Harbor Islands Partnership.  Twenty-one of the islands are also included in the Boston Harbor Islands Archeological District.

The park is significant for a wide range of natural and cultural resources, including three national historic landmarks, unique geological features, archaeological resources resulting from thousands of years of occupation of the islands by indigenous people of Massachusetts, and complex natural communities.

Attractions include hiking trails, beaches, the Civil War-era Fort Warren, and Boston Light, the oldest lighthouse station in the United States. Georges Island and Spectacle Island are served seasonally by ferries to and from Boston, and Peddocks Island is served by a ferry from Hingham.
Springfield Armory M6 Scout
The Springfield Armory M6 Scout is a .22 Hornet over .410 bore combination gun that is virtually identical to the original M6 Aircrew Survival Weapon. It is also made in .22 Long Rifle over .410 bore and .22 Magnum over .410 bore. The Scouts are made with 18.25 inches (46.4 cm) barrels, as opposed to the original M6's 14 inches (36 cm) barrel length, to comply with National Firearms Act. The later models have large over-sized trigger guards and Picatinny rails for mounting a wide range of sights and scopes. They come in stainless steel or with a Parkerized finish.

Combination gun
A combination gun is a firearm that usually comprises at least one rifled barrel and one smoothbore barrel, that is typically used with shot or some type of shotgun slug. Most have been break-action guns, although there have been other designs as well. Combination guns using one rifled and one smoothbore barrel are commonly found in an over-and-under configuration, while the side-by-side configuration is usually referred to as a cape gun. 
A combination gun with more than two barrels is called a drilling (German for "triplet") with three barrels, a vierling (German for "quadruplet") with four barrels, and a fünfling (German for "quintuplet") with five barrels. Combination guns generally use rimmed cartridges, as rimless cartridges are usually more difficult to extract from a break-action firearm.
Maryland Route 100
Maryland Route 100 (MD 100) is a major east–west highway connecting U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Ellicott City (just north of Columbia) and MD 177 (Mountain Road) in Pasadena. MD 100 also connects to Interstate 95 (I-95), US 1, the Baltimore–Washington Parkway (MD 295), and I-97. The highway connects Howard County to the west with Anne Arundel County and the Chesapeake Bay to the east.  MD 100 also provides access to the Baltimore–Washington International Airport (BWI) and the Arundel Mills shopping mall.

The eastern section of MD 100 in Anne Arundel County is known as the Paul T. Pitcher Memorial Highway.  The name comes in dedication to Paul T. Pitcher, an Anne Arundel County executive, who originally conceived the highway.

Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City (/ˈɛlɪkət/ EL-ih-kət) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 75,947 at the 2020 census, making it the most populous unincorporated county seat in the United States.

Ellicott City's historic downtown – the Ellicott City Historic District – lies in the valleys of the Tiber and Patapsco rivers. The historic district includes the Ellicott City Station; it is the oldest surviving train station in the United States, having been built in 1830 as the first terminus of the original B&O Railroad line. The historic district of the town is often called "Historic Ellicott City" or "Old Ellicott City" to distinguish it from the surrounding suburbs that extend south to Columbia and west to West Friendship.
Desha: The Leader
Desha: The Leader is a 2014 Bangladeshi political thriller film produced by Jaaz Multimedia. The film was scripted and directed by Saikat Nasir and features a cast that includes newcomer Shipan Mitra, Mahiya Mahi, and Tariq Anam Khan. Desha: The Leader is a story about a political reality show that turns severe. The film was released on 26 December 2014. It won four National Film Awards.

Shipan Mitra
Shipan Mitra (born 25 November) is a Bangladeshi actor, producer, and model who works predominantly in Dhallywood cinema, Bangladeshi television drama, and music videos. He made his acting debut playing the lead character in Desha: The Leader (2014).

He has since played notable roles in productions such as Big Brother (2015), Dhaka Attack (2017), and Matal (2018).
Live Arts Week
Live Arts Week is a project by Xing, born in 2012 out the fusion of the experiences of the two Bologna festivals (2000>2011): Netmage - International Live Media Festival and F.I.S.Co. - Festival Internazionale sullo Spettacolo Contemporaneo. Live Arts Week takes place in Bologna, Italy, once a year, and it is developed throughout one week in different locations and settings in town.

Xing (cultural organization)
Xing is a cultural organization based in Bologna, Italy, dedicated to the production and support of experimental practices within the arts. Xing was founded in 2000 by Daniele Gasparinetti, Silvia Fanti, Andrea Lissoni, Giovanna Amadasi and Federica Rossi. Their research focuses in particular on the field of live arts, performing arts and electronic arts.
Calverley
Calverley is a village in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England, on the A657 road, about ten miles (16 km) from Leeds city centre and four miles (7 km) from Bradford, and lying north of the town of Pudsey. The population of Calverley in 2011 was 4,328. It is part of the City's Calverley and Farsley ward, with a population of 22,594 at the 2011 census.

Pudsey
Pudsey is a market town in the City of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England. It is located midway between Bradford city centre and Leeds city centre. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, it has a population of 25,393.
Welcome Back to Milk
Welcome Back To Milk  is the second studio album by Beth Jeans Houghton and the first for her as Du Blonde, to be released in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2015 (and on May 19 in the United States), by Mute Records. The album was written, composed, and performed by Du Blonde and produced by Bad Seed and Grinderman member Jim Sclavunos.

Beth Jeans Houghton
Beth Jeans Houghton (a.k.a. Du Blonde) (born 3 January 1990) is an English multi-disciplinary musician, composer, artist, animator and video director. Their influences range from psychedelic rock, punk, blues, 1960s garage rock and soul. They create art under their birth name, Beth Jeans Houghton, using photography, illustration, animation, video, sculpture and embroidery. They have directed and animated music videos for multiple artists including the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Ezra Furman, and Laura Marling's band LUMP. They write, perform and produce music under the name Du Blonde.
Hearts of the Innocent
Hearts of the Innocent is the fourth album released by the Christian rock band Kutless. A special edition of this album was also released. It included a DVD with all seven (at the time) of the band's music videos, as well as four bonus acoustic tracks added to the CD. The song "Shut Me Out" was once in the top 5 on ChristianRock.net, and "Somewhere in the Sky" was the 16th most requested song. This is their first record to feature bass player Dave Leutkenhoelter and drummer Jeff Gilbert. It is also the last studio album to feature original guitarist Ryan Shrout, though their live album Live from Portland was his last record of any kind released with the band. The album reached No. 45 on the Billboard 200 chart and No. 2 on the Billboard Top Christian Albums.

Live from Portland
Live from Portland is the first live album by the Christian rock band Kutless. It was released on December 5, 2006. It was recorded on March 16, 2006, in the band's hometown of Portland, Oregon. The album comes with a CD of the concert's audio, and a DVD with the concert itself. The DVD is slightly longer than the CD, including drum solos from drummer Jeffrey Gilbert. The DVD also contains the band's music video for "Shut Me Out", and a documentary about the show and the band being on tour. This is the band's last release with longtime guitarist Ryan Shrout, though his last studio album with them was Hearts of the Innocent.
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
The Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (Latvian: Latvijas Sociālistiskā Padomju Republika, LSPR) was a short-lived socialist republic formed during the Latvian War of Independence. It was proclaimed on 17 December 1918 with the political, economic, and military backing of Vladimir Lenin and his Bolshevik government in the Russian SFSR. The head of government was Pēteris Stučka with Jūlijs Daniševskis as his deputy.

Iskolat
Iskolat (Russian: Исколат, Latvian: Iskolats), or formally the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Workers, Soldiers, and the Landless in Latvia, was the governing body in the territory of Latvia that was under control of the pro-Communist Red Latvian Riflemen in 1917–1918.
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia; French: Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) that was a client state of Napoleon's French Empire. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. Its government was assumed by Napoleon as King of Italy and the viceroyalty delegated to his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais. It covered some of Piedmont and the modern regions of Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino, South Tyrol, and Marche. Napoleon I also ruled the rest of northern and central Italy in the form of Nice, Aosta, Piedmont, Liguria, Tuscany, Umbria, and Lazio, but directly as part of the French Empire (as departments), rather than as part of a vassal state.

At its peak, the kingdom covered 84,000 square kilometers and had a population of 6.5 million.

County of Tyrol
The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen, became a crown land of the Austrian Empire, then was part of Bavaria from 1805 to 1814 when it returned to Austrian rule. From 1867, it was a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

Today the territory of the historic crown land is divided between the Italian autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol. The two parts are today associated again in the Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion.
Group dynamics
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics). The study of group dynamics can be useful in understanding decision-making behavior, tracking the spread of diseases in society, creating effective therapy techniques, and following the emergence and popularity of new ideas and technologies. These applications of the field are studied in psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, epidemiology, education, social work, leadership studies, business and managerial studies, as well as communication studies.

Social group
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group. The system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups is known as group dynamics.
Rob Savage
Rob Savage (born 1992) is an English filmmaker. Initially gaining attention at the age of 19 when he wrote, directed, produced, and edited the drama film Strings (2012), he later became more widely known for his work on horror films such as Host (2020), Dashcam (2021), and The Boogeyman (2023).

Host (film)
Host is a 2020 British independent screenlife supernatural horror film directed by Rob Savage, who co-wrote it with Gemma Hurley and Jed Shepherd. A screenlife film that takes place entirely on a Zoom video call, it follows a group of friends who inadvertently summon a demon during an online séance.

After the viral success of a short prank video by Savage featuring a handful of the film's cast, he developed the concept into a feature-length film, which was shot over 12 weeks directly on the Zoom software during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cast members were in charge of their own cameras, sound, makeup, lighting, and stunts, with Savage directing them remotely from his home.

Host debuted on Shudder on 30 July 2020, and was released in cinemas and digital platforms by Vertigo Releasing on 4 December 2020. The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised its themes of social anxiety, its use of jump scares, and the cast's chemistry.
Lap Dance (film)
Lap Dance is a 2014 American drama produced by Datari Turner Productions and directed by Greg Carter. The film's ensemble cast includes Briana Evigan, Kenny Wormald, Robert Hoffman, Ali Cobrin, Datari Turner, James Remar, Mariel Hemingway, Omari Hardwick, Lynn Whitfield, Carmen Electra, Nia Peeples, Stacey Dash, Junie Hoang and LisaRaye.

Kenny Wormald
Kenny Wormald  is an American dancer, reality television star and actor. He played Ren McCormack in the 2011 remake of 1984's Footloose. Wormald was a regular on the MTV reality television series Dancelife in 2007.