hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
David Solomon Sassoon
David Solomon Sassoon (Hebrew: דוד סלימאן ששון; 8 December 1880 – 10 August 1942) (also known as "David Suleiman Sassoon"), was a bibliophile and grandson of 19th century Baghdadi Jewish community leader David Sassoon.

David Sassoon (treasurer)
David Sassoon (October 1792 – 7 November 1864) was a Baghdadi Jewish merchant and philanthropist in Ottoman Iraq. David Sassoon served as the treasurer of Baghdad between 1817 and 1829. Fleeing persecution, Sassoon and his family emigrated to Bombay, British India. He became the leader of the Jewish community in Mumbai after the Baghdadi Jews emigrated to the city. Sassoon was the founder of the Sassoon family and the founder of David Sassoon and Sons, which later became David Sassoon & Co., a trading company owned by his family. Sassoon's success as a merchant, in which opium played a key role, made him known as the "Merchant Prince of Bombay". Sassoon also used his wealth for various philanthropic and architectural projects.
Jogendra Nath Mandal
Jogendra Nath Mandal (Bengali: যোগেন্দ্রনাথ মন্ডল; 29 January 1904 – 5 October 1968), sometimes written Jogendranath Mandal, was a Bengali politician and Dalit leader who emerged as a prominent figure among the architects of Indian history. Within the 1946–1947 Interim Government of India, he held the portfolio of law. Distinguished as a leader representing the Scheduled Castes, Mandal vehemently opposed the 1947 partition of Bengal. His rationale rested on the apprehension that a divided Bengal would subject Dalits to the dominance of the majority-caste Hindus in West Bengal (India). Eventually opting to maintain his base in East Pakistan, Mandal aspired for the welfare of the Dalits and assumed the role of Minister of Law and Labour in Pakistan. However, a few years subsequent to the partition, he left for India, tendering his resignation to Liaquat Ali Khan, the then-Prime Minister of Pakistan, citing a perceived anti-Hindu bias within the Pakistani administration.

Interim Government of India
The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. It remained in place until 15 August 1947, the date of the independence (and partition) of British India, and the creation of the dominions of India and Pakistan.
Du-par's
Du-par's is a diner-style restaurant in Los Angeles, California, that was once a modest-sized regional chain. It was founded in 1938 by James Dunn and Edward Parsons, who combined their surnames to create the restaurant's name. The original location still exists at the Los Angeles Farmers Market in Los Angeles' Fairfax District. There is also an associated franchised restaurant at the Suncoast Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Suncoast Hotel and Casino
Suncoast is a hotel and casino located at 9090 Alta Drive in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. The hotel, located on a 50-acre (20 ha) site, contains 432 rooms and has a 95,898-square-foot (8,909.2 m2) casino, as well as a movie theater, bowling alley and convention space.

Construction began in July 1999, and the project opened on September 12, 2000. The 10-story hotel building opened with 203 rooms on one half, while the other half remained unfinished with the potential to be filled in if needed. Because of high room occupancy rates, the other half was finished in an $11 million expansion that took place during 2001.
Ernakulam–Kollam line (via Kottayam and Kayamkulam)
The Ernakulam–Kollam line (via Kottayam and Kayamkulam)  is a railway line which runs through the districts of Ernakulam, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha and Kollam in Kerala state of India. This railway line starts as a branch line from Ernakulam Town railway station towards Kottayam and joins with the Ernakulam–Kayamkulam coastal line route via Alappuzha at Kayamkulam Junction and leads to Kollam Junction. This line comes under the Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway Zone of Indian Railways. The line has a total distance of 156 km (97 mi). The Ernakulam Town/Ernakulam Junction - Kottayam section opened in 1956-57 and Kottayam - Kollam section in 1957-1958.

Kollam–Sengottai Chord Line
The Kollam–Sengottai railway line (formerly known as Quilon–Shencottah or Quilon–Chenkotta line) is part of Kollam-Chennai railway line in South India that connects Kollam Junction in Kerala state and Sengottai (also spelled Shencottah, Shenkottai, Chengotta, Chenkottai, Senkottai) in Tamil Nadu. The Quilon–Shencottah railway line was the first railway line in the erstwhile Travancore state and is more than a century old. The Kollam–Sengottai section is part of the Kollam–Chennai metre-gauge rail route commissioned by the British in 1904. The line has been completely converted to broad gauge and is now fully operational from Kollam Junction to Shengottai. It is going to be the important cargo transportation line connecting Vizhinjam container port and South Indian States.
Elsie Singmaster
Elsie Singmaster Lewars (August 29, 1879 – September 30, 1958) was an American author from Macungie, Pennsylvania, who has been described as "perhaps Macungie's most famous citizen". She was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1934.

Macungie, Pennsylvania
Macungie /məˈkʌndʒiː/ is a borough in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States, its second oldest. As of the 2020 census, Macungie had a population of 3,257.

Macungie is a suburb of Allentown, and part of the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.
Raj N. Sippy
Raj N. Sippy (born 6 March 1948) also known as Raj Sippy, is an Indian film director and producer working on Bollywood films. He was very prominent in the 1980s, with successful films, like Inkaar, Satyamev Jayate and Mahaadev with Vinod Khanna, Satte Pe Satta with Amitabh Bachchan, then Boxer and Baazi with Mithun Chakraborty He directed  Satyamev Jayate, the come back film of Vinod Khanna after his Osho stint.

He has also directed Akshay Kumar's debut film Saugandh and Sanjay Dutt - Jeetendra starrer Thanedaar.

Sippy directed the unsuccessful Jimmy, Mimoh Chakraborty's debut film.

Jimmy (2008 film)
Jimmy is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language action film directed by Raj N. Sippy. The film introduces the son of Mithun Chakraborty, Mimoh Chakraborty. This was the Bollywood debut of Mimoh Chakraborty with high expectations, but it was a box-office bomb. It was a remake of the 1974 movie Majboor.
Nobber
Nobber (Irish: an Obair, "the work") is a village in north County Meath, Ireland. It is on the Navan–Kingscourt road (R162), about 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of Navan. The village is in a townland and civil parish of the same name.

The town of Kells is to the west, the town of Ardee to the east and the town of Kingscourt is to the north. Villages that border the parish are Kilmainhamwood, Moynalty and Kilbeg to the west, Castletown-Kilpatrick to the south and Drumconrath and Lobinstown to the east.

The village of Nobber is built on the River Dee, the course of which was diverted around the village in the 19th century. A feature of the local geography is how the village is set within rolling hills called drumlins formed in the last glacial period.

Kingscourt
Kingscourt, historically known as Dunaree (Irish: Dún an Rí, meaning 'fort of the king'), is a town in County Cavan, Ireland. It is located near the Cavan–Meath border. The town was founded near the site of the old village of Cabra, by Mervyn Pratt, towards the end of the 18th century, and was completed by his brother, the Reverend Joseph Pratt. As of the 2022 census, the population was 2,955.
Lorisidae
Lorisidae (or sometimes Loridae) is a family of strepsirrhine primates. The lorisids are all slim arboreal animals and comprise the lorises, pottos, and angwantibos. Lorisids live in tropical, central Africa as well as in south and southeast Asia.

Galago
Galagos /ɡəˈleɪɡoʊz/, also known as bush babies or nagapies (meaning "night monkeys" in Afrikaans), are small nocturnal primates native to continental, sub-Sahara Africa, and make up the family Galagidae (also sometimes called Galagonidae). They are considered a sister group of the Lorisidae.

According to some accounts, the name "bush baby" comes from either the animal's cries or its appearance. The Ghanaian name aposor is given to them because of their firm grip on branches.

In both variety and abundance, the bush babies are the most successful strepsirrhine primates in Africa, according to the African Wildlife Foundation.
Snake in the Eagle's Shadow
Snake in the Eagle's Shadow (Chinese: 蛇形刁手; lit. 'Snake Form Tricky Hand') is a 1978 Hong Kong martial arts action comedy film directed by Yuen Woo-ping in his directorial debut. It stars Jackie Chan, Hwang Jang-lee, and Yuen Woo-ping's real life father, Yuen Siu-tien. The film's plot is about Chien Fu (Jackie Chan), an orphan who is bullied at a kung fu school, meeting an old beggar, Pai Cheng-tien (Yuen Siu-tien), who becomes his sifu (teacher) and trains him in Snake Kung Fu.

Right after this film, Yuen Woo-ping directed Drunken Master, released in the same year, which also starred Jackie Chan, Hwang Jang-lee and Yuen Siu-tien. The film established Chan's slapstick kung fu comedy style which he further developed with Drunken Master, while also establishing the basic plot structure used in many martial arts films internationally since then.

Yuen Siu-tien
Yuen Siu-tien (Chinese: 袁小田) (27 November 1912 – 8 January 1979) (also known as Yuan Xiaotian, Simon Yuen, Sam Seed or "Ol' Dirty") was a Hong Kong actor and martial artist. In the late 1970s, Yuen is perhaps best known as Beggar So (a.k.a. Sam Seed) in three films: Drunken Master, Story of Drunken Master and his final film Dance of the Drunk Mantis. He starred in several films with film actors like Jackie Chan and under the direction of his real-life son Yuen Woo-ping.
René Guissart (rower)
René Jacques Guissart (12 September 1929 – 8 September 2014) was a French rower who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1952 he and his partner Jean-Pierre Souche finished fifth in the coxless pair event. Four years later he won the bronze medal with the French boat in the coxless fours event.

Jean-Pierre Souche
Jean-Pierre Louis Souche (2 September 1927 – 10 January 2020) was a French rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He was born in Paris. In 1948 he was a crew member of the French boat which was eliminated in the semi-finals of the coxed fours event. Four years later he and his partner René Guissart finished fifth in the coxless pairs event. He died in Guérande in January 2020 at the age of 92.
Liu Ping-hua
Liu Ping-hua (Chinese: 劉炳華; born 6 October 1955) is a Taiwanese politician who served on the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 1996, as a member of the Kuomintang representing Taipei County. His elder brother Liu Ping-wei has also served on the Legislative Yuan.

Liu Ping-wei
Liu Ping-wei (Chinese: 劉炳偉; pinyin: Liú Bǐngwěi; 30 November 1952 – 21 April 2020) was a Taiwanese politician. He was first elected to the Taiwan Provincial Assembly in 1981 and served continuously until 1998. Liu assumed the speakership of the provincial assembly between 1994 and 1998, and sat for a single term in the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2002.
Young Munster
Young Munster is a rugby union club based in Limerick, Ireland, playing in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. It was founded in 1895 and plays its games at Tom Clifford Park in Rosbrien, Limerick.

The club has won the Munster Senior Rugby Cup ten times, in 1928, 1930, 1938, 1980, 1984, 1990, 2010, 2021, 2022 and 2023. They won the Munster Junior Cup in 1911, 1922, 1927, 1959, 1960, 1984 and 1999 and 2022.

The club is known by its nickname "The Cookies".

Munster Junior Cup (rugby union)
The Munster Junior Cup is a  rugby union competition played in the province of Munster, Ireland. The competition was established for the stronger junior clubs and the second teams of the Senior clubs in the province of Munster. The current champions are Cork Constitution in 2025. The competition has traditionally been dominated by senior clubs.
Charles Enterprises
Charles Enterprises is a 2023 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film directed by Subhash Lalitha Subrahmanian and produced by Dr. Ajith Joy and Achu Vijayan under the banner Joy Movie Productions. The film stars Urvashi, Balu Varghese, Kalaiyarasan, Guru Somasundaram, Sujith Shanker, Abhija Sivakala, Manikandan Achari, Bhanu, Mridula Madhav and Sudheer Paravoor. The film's music is composed by Subramanian K V and the original background score is by Ashok Ponnappan.

Kalaiyarasan
Kalaiyarasan Harikrishnan (born 20 February 1986) is an Indian actor, who works in the Tamil film industry along with few Malayalam films. He has collaborated with directors Mysskin and Pa. Ranjith, with whom he worked in Madras (2014) for which he received acclaim for his performance.
Mike Paradinas
Michael Robert Paradinas (born 26 September 1971), better known by his stage name μ-Ziq (pronounced "music" or mu-zik), is an English electronic musician from Wimbledon, London. He was associated with the electronic style intelligent dance music (IDM) during the 1990s, and recorded on Rephlex Records and Reflective Records. His critically acclaimed 1997 album, Lunatic Harness, helped define the drill 'n' bass subgenre and was also his most successful release, selling over 100,000 copies. Paradinas founded the record label Planet Mu, begun in 1995, where he has championed genres such as juke, IDM and footwork.

Rephlex Records
Rephlex Records was a record label launched in 1991 in Cornwall by electronic musician Richard D. James (aka Aphex Twin) and Grant Wilson-Claridge. The label coined the term braindance to describe the output of Aphex Twin and fellow artists.
Koerberia
Koerberia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Koerberiaceae.

The genus name of Koerberia is in honour of Gustav Wilhelm Körber (1817–1885), who was a German lichenologist.

The genus was circumscribed by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in Geneacaena vol.4 on page 6 in 1854.

Koerberiaceae
Koerberiaceae is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It contains 3 genera and 9 species. The family was proposed by Toby Spribille and Lucia Muggia in 2012, after molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three lineages of lichen-forming fungi in the suborder Peltigerineae of the order Peltigerales. The lineages represented the genera Steinera, Koerberia (the type genus of the family), and Vestergrenopsis. The latter genus was later folded into synonymy with Tingiopsidium.

Steinera, circumscribed by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1906, was previously classified in family Koerberiaceae, but the genus and many of its species were transferred to the family Arctomiaceae in 2017, and a new genus Henssenia was created to contain the remaining species.
Priceville, Alabama
Priceville is the third largest municipality in Morgan County, Alabama, United States and is included in the Decatur Metropolitan Area, as well as the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. The 2020 census counted a population of 3,513, up from 2,658 in 2010.

Priceville was incorporated in 1975.

Decatur metropolitan area, Alabama
The Decatur, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area is a moderately urban region of North-Central Alabama.  The 2020 Census put the population of the metropolitan area at 152,740, of which one-third resides within the boundaries of its core city, Decatur, Alabama,  It is also considered to be part of the North, Northwest, and North-Central regions of Alabama.

The metropolitan area is the combined area of the City of Decatur and the surrounding areas in suburban, rural, and more developed parts of Morgan and Lawrence Counties. The Decatur Metropolitan Area is a part of the Huntsville-Decatur CSA, With Huntsville and Madison being other Principal cities in the CSA.
Mijaks
Mijaks (Macedonian: Мијаци, romanized: Mijaci) are an ethnographic group of Macedonians who live in the Lower Reka region which is also known as Mijačija (Macedonian: Мијачија), along the Radika river, in western North Macedonia, numbering 30,000–60,000 people. The Mijaks practise predominantly animal husbandry, and are known for their ecclesiastical architecture, woodworking, iconography, and other rich traditions, as well as their characteristic Galičnik dialect of Macedonian. The main settlement of the Mijaks is Galičnik.

Galičnik
Galičnik (Macedonian: Галичник) is a mountain village in North Macedonia and along with Lazaropole is one of the two biggest and oldest Mijak villages in the region. Galičnik has well-preserved traditional architecture, including an amphitheater in the village square, and is famous for its surrounding countryside and nature reserve. The village is known for the Galička Svadba, a traditional wedding custom held annually in summer (in July), on the day of the village feast of the Patron Saint – Petrovden (St. Peter's day). During the wedding, local men will dance the "Teškoto" (the "hard" or "heavy").
Generalized forces
In analytical mechanics (particularly Lagrangian mechanics), generalized forces are conjugate to generalized coordinates.  They are obtained from the applied forces Fi, i = 1, …, n, acting on a system that has its configuration defined in terms of generalized coordinates.  In the formulation of virtual work, each generalized force is the coefficient of the variation of a generalized coordinate.

Virtual work
In mechanics, virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system.  The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements.  Among all the possible displacements that a particle may follow, called virtual displacements, one will minimize the action. This displacement is therefore the displacement followed by the particle according to the principle of least action.

The work of a force on a particle along a virtual displacement is known as the virtual work.

Historically, virtual work and the associated calculus of variations were formulated to analyze systems of rigid bodies, but they have also been developed for the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies.
Electoral district of Armidale
Armidale was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after and including Armidale. It was originally created in 1894, when multi-member districts were abolished, and the three member district of New England was largely divided between Armidale, Uralla-Walcha and Bingara. In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Northern Tablelands, along with Gough and Tenterfield. It was recreated in 1927 and abolished in 1981 and partly replaced by the recreated Northern Tablelands.

Electoral district of Gough
Gough was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, named after the Gough County, which includes the town of Glen Innes. It was created in the 1904 re-distribution of electorates following the 1903 New South Wales referendum, which required the number of members of the Legislative Assembly to be reduced from 125 to 90. It consisted of the abolished seat of Glenn Innes and part of Inverell.

In 1920, with the introduction of proportional representation, it was absorbed into Northern Tablelands, along with Armidale and Tenterfield.
The Netanyahus
The Netanyahus: An Account of a Minor and Ultimately Even Negligible Episode in the History of a Very Famous Family is a 2021 novel by Joshua Cohen. It was awarded the 2022 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

The book centers on a fictionalized account of Harold Bloom's encounter with Benzion Netanyahu and his family, including his son, Benjamin Netanyahu, at an upstate New York college in the late 1950s, blending history, fiction, and humor.

Benzion Netanyahu
Benzion Netanyahu (Hebrew: בֶּנְצִיּוֹן נְתַנְיָהוּ; né Mileikowsky; March 25, 1910 – April 30, 2012) was an Israeli encyclopedist, historian, and medievalist, born in Warsaw. He served as a professor of history at Cornell University. A scholar of Judaic history, he was also an activist in the Revisionist Zionism movement, who lobbied in the United States to support the creation of the Jewish state. His field of expertise was the history of the Jews in Spain. He was an editor of the Hebrew Encyclopedia and assistant to Benjamin Azkin, Ze'ev Jabotinsky's personal secretary.

Netanyahu was the father of current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu; Yonatan Netanyahu, ex-commander of Sayeret Matkal; and Iddo Netanyahu, a physician, author, and playwright.
Sam Howe
Samuel P. Howe III (1938 – September 15, 2022) was an American hardball squash player. He was one of the leading squash players in the United States in the 1960s.

Howe won the US national singles title twice in 1962 and 1967. He also won six national doubles titles – three partnering Bill Danforth (1963, 1964 and 1967), and three partnering his younger brother Ralph Howe (1969, 1970 and 1971).

Howe was inducted into the United States Squash Racquets Association Hall of Fame in 2002. He was also inducted in the Men’s College Squash Hall of Fame in 1994.

Ralph Howe
Ralph Eliot Howe III (born 12 May 1941) is an American hardball squash player. He was one of the leading squash players in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s.

Howe won the US national junior title in 1960. He then went on to win the intercollegiate title in 1962 and 1963 while at Yale University.

In 1964, Howe beat three former national champions on his way to winning the US national singles title. Howe also won the US national doubles title six times between 1965 and 1976.

In 1967, Howe won the United States Open. He defeated three-time defending-champion Mo Khan in the semi-finals, before going on to beat his older brother Sam Howe in the final, to become one of only four amateurs ever to win the most prestigious open tournament on the North American continent.

Ralph was inducted into the United States Squash Racquets Association Hall of Fame in 2002.
Sergei Prokhanov
Sergei Borisovich Prokhanov  (Russian: Серге́й Бори́сович Проха́нов; born December 29, 1952) is a Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, theater director, artistic director of  Moscow's Luna Theater. People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2005). The most famous for him was the role  Kesha Chetvergov in the Vladimir Grammatikov's comedy    Mustached Nanny (1977).

Mustached Nanny
Mustached Nanny (Russian: Усатый нянь, romanized: Usatiy nyan) is a 1977 Soviet comedy film, feature film directorial debut of Vladimir Grammatikov. The film was a box-office hit, it was seen by 47 million viewers in 1979.
Nawabganj, Barabanki
Nawabganj or Maila Raiganj is a city in Barabanki district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a tehsil and nagar palika for Barabanki town. It is one of the constituent entities of Barabanki city, which is District HQ of Barabanki district.

Barabanki
Barabanki is a city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Barabanki district and a part of Ayodhya division. The city is about 27 kilometres east of Lucknow, the state capital. It has a population of 146,831 with a density of 331.00 per square kilometre (860.0/sq mi).