hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mosborough
Mosborough is a village in the City of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. Historically part of Derbyshire, its name being a linguistic blend of 'moor' and 'borough'. During the late 19th century and 20th century, the village was noted for its steelmaking, with Hutton & Co. Sickle works being based at nearby Ridgeway. The village expanded due to developments in nearby Owlthorpe, Westfields and Waterthorpe. Mosborough, which was a township at the time, was transferred from Derbyshire to the West Riding of Yorkshire as part of Sheffield.

The village has a number of schools, including the Mosborough Primary School and Westfield School. Today, there has been a lot of development of housing, due to its proximity to the Derbyshire and to the South Yorkshire border.

Mosborough (ward)
53°19′30″N 1°21′43″W﻿ / ﻿53.325°N 1.362°W﻿ / 53.325; -1.362

Mosborough is an electoral ward of the City of Sheffield, England, in the eastern part of the city, on the border with North East Derbyshire District. The population in 2011 was 17,097.  It is one of the wards that make up the Sheffield South East constituency.
Scramdisk
Scramdisk is a free on-the-fly encryption program for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me. A non-free version was also available for Windows NT.

The original Scramdisk is no longer maintained; its author, Shaun Hollingworth, joined Paul Le Roux (the author of E4M) to produce Scramdisk's commercial successor, DriveCrypt. The author of Scramdisk provided a driver for Windows 9x, and the author of E4M provided a driver for Windows NT, enabling cross-platform versions of both programs.

There is a new project called Scramdisk 4 Linux which provides access to Scramdisk and TrueCrypt containers. Older versions of TrueCrypt included support for Scramdisk.

E4M
Encryption for the Masses (E4M) is a free disk encryption software for Windows NT and Windows 9x families of operating systems.  E4M is discontinued; it is no longer maintained. Its author, former criminal cartel boss Paul Le Roux, joined Shaun Hollingworth (the author of the Scramdisk) to produce the commercial encryption product DriveCrypt for the security company SecurStar.

The popular source-available freeware program TrueCrypt is based on E4M's source code. However, TrueCrypt uses a different container format than E4M, which makes it impossible to use one of these programs to access an encrypted volume created by the other.
National Congress of British West Africa
The National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), founded in 1920, was one of the earliest nationalist organizations in West Africa, and one of the earliest formal organizations working toward African emancipation. It was largely composed of an educated elite in the Gold Coast, who felt under threat from the incorporation of 'traditional authorities' in the colonial system. The cofounders included Thomas Hutton-Mills, Sr., the first President, and J. E. Casely Hayford, the first Vice-President. Other co-founders and early officials included Edward Francis Small, F. V. Nanka-Bruce, A. B. Quartey-Papafio, Henry van Hien, A. Sawyerr, Kobina Sekyi and Fred W. Dove.

J. E. Casely Hayford
Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford, MBE (29 September 1866 – 11 August 1930), also known as Ekra-Agyeman, was a prominent Fante Gold Coast journalist, editor, author, lawyer, educator, and politician who supported pan-African nationalism. His 1911 novel Ethiopia Unbound is one of the earliest novels published in English by an African.
Nevada State Route 774
State Route 774 (SR 774) is a 7.455-mile (11.998 km) state highway in Esmeralda County, Nevada, United States.  It is known as Gold Point Road, connecting the town of Gold Point to State Route 266.  The route was originally part of former State Route 71.

Esmeralda County, Nevada
Esmeralda County is a county in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2024 estimate, the population was 720, making it the least populous county in Nevada, and the 20th least populous county in the United States. Esmeralda County does not have any incorporated communities. Its county seat is the town of Goldfield.

Its 2000 census population density of 0.2706 inhabitants per square mile (0.1045/km2) was the second-lowest of any county in the contiguous United States (above Loving County, Texas). Its school district does not have a high school, so students in grades 9–12 go to school in Tonopah, in the Nye County School District.

Most residents live in Goldfield or in the town of Dyer in Fish Lake Valley, near the California border. Esmeralda is the only Nevada county in the Los Angeles TV market (or any California market) as defined by The Nielsen Corporation.
Firman on slavery (1830)
The Firman of 1830 refers to the Imperial Firman or Ferman (Decree) issued by Sultan Mahmud II in 1830. It declared the official liberation of Christian slaves of the Ottoman Empire. In practice it concerned the liberation of the Greek war captives who had been enslaved during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829).

It was one of the reforms representing the process of official abolition of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, including the Firman of 1830, the Disestablishment of the Istanbul Slave Market (1847), the Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf (1847), the Prohibition of the Circassian and Georgian slave trade (1854–1855), the Prohibition of the Black Slave Trade (1857), and the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880.

Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
The Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf, refers to the Imperial Firman or Ferman (Decree) issued by Sultan Abdülmecid I in 1847.  It formally prohibited the import of African slaves to Ottoman territory via the Indian Ocean slave trade of the Persian Gulf. The decree did not address the other slave trade routes trafficking slaves to the Empire.
Joey Manley
Joey Manley (July 1965 – November 7, 2013) was an American LGBT fiction author, web designer, and webcomics publisher. He was the founder and publisher of the Modern Tales family of webcomics websites, which included Modern Tales, Serializer, Girlamatic, Webcomics Nation, and others. Manley is considered one of the "founding pioneers" of the webcomic movement for creating a then-revolutionary subscription model.

Webcomics Nation
Webcomics Nation was a webcomic hosting and automation service launched on July 29, 2005 by Joey Manley. Unlike Manley's previous webcomic sites, Webcomics Nation was based on user-generated content and relied on online advertisement revenue, which increased in viability in the second half of the 2000s. Webcomics Nation quickly became Manley's most financially successful website, and encouraged him to turn his Modern Tales sites partially free as well. Webcomics Nation began merging into Josh Roberts' ComicSpace in 2007, but this process took longer than hoped and Webcomics Nation eventually closed down in 2013.
Angel Dust (comics)
Christine is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Geoff Johns and artist Shawn Martinbrough, the character first appeared in Morlocks #1 (June 2002). Christine is known under the codename Angel Dust. She is a teenage mutant from Chicago who joined the Morlocks, a community of mutants living underground to avoid persecution. She fled from home when her powers emerged, convinced that her parents would not accept her as a mutant. In time, Christine returned home and was surprised to find that her parents embraced her for who she was.

The character made her live-action debut in Deadpool (2016), portrayed by Gina Carano.

Gina Carano
Gina Joy Carano (born April 16, 1982) is an American actress and mixed martial artist. She competed in Elite Xtreme Combat and Strikeforce from 2006 to 2009, where she compiled a 7–1 record. Her popularity led to her being called the "face of women's MMA", although Carano rejected this title. She and Cris Cyborg were the first women to headline a major MMA event during their 2009 Strikeforce bout. Carano retired from competition after her first professional MMA defeat to Cyborg.

Transitioning from the ring to the screen, Carano landed her first major role as the lead of the action film Haywire (2011), which was followed by appearances in Fast & Furious 6 (2013) and Deadpool (2016). She also portrayed Cara Dune in the first two seasons of the Disney+ Star Wars series The Mandalorian from 2019 to 2020. She was fired from the  series in 2021. She later filed a lawsuit against Disney in 2024 for wrongful termination, which ultimately ended in a settlement the following year.
Sarah Hyland
Sarah Jane Hyland (born November 24, 1990) is an American actress and singer. Born in Manhattan, she attended the Professional Performing Arts School before having minor roles in the films Private Parts (1997), Annie (1999) and Blind Date (2007). She is best known for playing Haley Dunphy in the ABC sitcom Modern Family (2009–2020), for which she received a nomination for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. From 2022 to 2023, Hyland hosted Love Island USA on Peacock.

Hyland also had roles in the films Geek Charming (2011), Struck by Lightning (2012), Scary Movie 5 (2013), Vampire Academy (2014), See You in Valhalla (2015), XOXO (2016), Dirty Dancing (2017), and The Wedding Year (2019). She has appeared on Broadway in Grey Gardens (2006–2007), The Great Gatsby (2025), and Just in Time (2025–2026).

Geek Charming
Geek Charming is a 2011 American teen comedy-drama film released as a Disney Channel Original Movie. It was directed by Jeffrey Hornaday from a screenplay by Elizabeth Hackett and Hilary Galanoy, and based on the novel of the same name by Robin Palmer. The film stars Sarah Hyland and Matt Prokop. It premiered on November 11, 2011, on Disney Channel, on January 27, 2012, on Disney Channel (UK & Ireland), and on January 28, 2012, on Disney Channel Asia. The premiere was watched by 4.9 million viewers, the fifth largest number for a cable show of that week.
Alepa
Alepa is a grocery shop chain in the Greater Helsinki region of Finland. It is currently owned by HOK-Elanto, a part of the nationwide cooperative S Group. Alepa was founded in 1918, when Edvard Pajunen and his wife founded a shop in Sörnäinen, Helsinki.

The original name of Alepa was Alennushalli Pajunen (Pajunen's Discount Hall), named after the founder. The Pajunen family sold the chain to HOK in 1987.

As of May 2017, the chain includes 112 stores in Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Hyvinkää, Kerava, Klaukkala, Järvenpää and Tuusula. Outside of this region, the S Group uses the brand Sale for similar stores.

Sale (chain store)
Sale (Finnish: [ˈsɑle]) is a grocery shop chain in Finland, owned by the S Group. The chain was founded in 1989, when the S Group had begun to consolidate its stores under national chains. Initially, the chain was called S-ale. Before that, Sales replaced the former small S-stores that were not part of any chain. As of 2024, the chain has 300 stores in Finland.

Sale's stores are typically located in the countryside, small towns and suburbs, however it is not uncommon to see them in larger cities, like Jyväskylä and Kuopio. The stores have a range of 1,700-3,000 products, mainly focused on food and hygiene products. In the Helsinki metropolitan area, the S Group uses the brand Alepa for similar stores.
Khalil Allah II Ali
Khalīl Allāh II ʿAlī (Persian: خلیل الله ثانی علی) was the 39th imam of the Qasim-Shahi branch of the Nizari Isma'ili community.

Khalil Allah II Ali succeeded his father Nur al-Dahr Ali when the latter died in 1671, until his own death in January 1680. He was buried in a tomb in the mausoleum of his predecessor, al-Mustansir Billah III. Khalil Allah II Ali was the last Nizari imam to reside in Anjudan; his successor Shah Nizar II moved his residence to the nearby village of Kahak.

Nur al-Dahr Ali
Nūr al-Dahr ʿAlī (Arabic: نور الدهر علي) or Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī (Persian: نور الدین علی) was the 38th imam of the Qasim-Shahi branch of the Nizari Isma'ili community.

Nur al-Dahr Ali succeeded his father Khalil Allah I when the latter died in March 1634, until his own death in November 1671. Like his father, he resided and was buried at Anjudan, where his tombstone survives to this day.

He was succeeded by his son, Khalil Allah II Ali.
Traun (Alz)
The Traun (German: [tʁaʊn] ⓘ) is a river in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The nearly 29 kilometer long river is formed by the confluence of the Weiße Traun (White Traun), also considered its upper course) and the Rote Traun (Red Traun) near Siegsdorf. It passes through Traunstein and Traunreut, and flows into the Alz near Altenmarkt an der Alz.

Weiße Traun
The Weiße Traun (German pronunciation: [ˈvaɪsə ˈtʁaʊn], lit. 'White Traun') is a river of Bavaria, Germany. The nearly 14 kilometer long river is formed at the confluence of the Fischbach and the Seetraun south of Ruhpolding. At its confluence with the Rote Traun (Red Traun) near Siegsdorf, the Traun is formed.
Jocko Sims
Jackie "Jocko" Sims III (born February 20, 1981) is an American actor, known for playing Anthony Adams in Crash and later playing Carlton Burk in the series The Last Ship. On the NBC TV show New Amsterdam, he portrayed Dr. Floyd Reynolds.

The Last Ship (TV series)
The Last Ship is an American action drama television series, loosely based on the 1988 novel of the same name by William Brinkley. The series premiered on TNT on June 22, 2014, and concluded after five seasons on November 11, 2018.
Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus
Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus (14 March 1737 – 12 October 1828; Aromanian: Ioan Nicolidi di Pind; German: Johann Nicolides von Pindo; Greek: Ιωάννης Νικολίδης Πίνδος, romanized: Ioannis Nikolidis Pindos) was an Aromanian physician and noble. Born in Gramos (Aromanian: Gramosta), he migrated to Siatista and then to Vienna to complete his studies in medicine. He gained great popularity as a physician in Vienna, being awarded the nobiliary particle von Pindo ("of Pindus") for his services.

Gramos, Greece
Gramos (Greek: Γράμος, Aromanian: Gramosta) is a remote mountain village and a former municipality in Kastoria regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Nestorio municipality as a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 59.422 km2. Population 10 (2021). The village is a traditional Aromanian (Vlach) settlement, named after the nearby Gramos mountains to its south. It lies very close to the Albanian border. The source of the river Aliakmonas is near Gramos. It had the smallest population of any municipality in Greece at 28 inhabitants in the 2001 Greek census. It was also the least densely populated community or municipality in Greece, at 0.47 inhabitants/km2. A small road connects Gramos with Nestorio, 20 km to its east. Gramos is the nearest village to Lake Gkistova.
Yang Sifu
Yang Sifu (楊嗣復; 783–848), courtesy name Jizhi (繼之), nickname Qingmen (慶門), formally Count Xiaomu of Hongnong (弘農孝穆伯), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wenzong and (briefly) the reign of Emperor Wenzong's brother Emperor Wuzong. He was considered one of the leaders of the Niu Faction in the Niu-Li Factional Struggles.

Emperor Wuzong of Tang
Emperor Wuzong of Tang (July 2, 814 – April 22, 846), né Li Chan, later changed to Li Yan just before his death, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, reigning from 840 to 846. Emperor Wuzong is mainly known in modern times for the religious persecution that occurred during his reign. However,  he was also known for his successful reactions against incursions by remnants of the Uyghur Khanate and the rebellion by Liu Zhen, as well as his deep trust and support for chancellor Li Deyu.
Action of 29 April 1758
The action of 29 April 1758 was a naval engagement fought in the Bay of Biscay near Brest between a British Royal Navy squadron and a single French Navy ship of the line during the Seven Years' War. In an attempt to support the garrison of Louisbourg, who were facing an impending siege, the French Atlantic Fleet sent a number of squadrons and ships to sea during the spring of 1758. To intercept these ships, Royal Navy squadrons maintained a close blockade of their main port at Brest. In April a British squadron including HMS Intrepid, HMS Dorsetshire  and HMS Achilles was cruising off the French Biscay Coast when a lone sail was sighted to the southwest. Dorsetshire, commanded by Captain Peter Denis was sent to investigate, discovering the ship to be the French ship of the line Raisonnable  sailing to Louisbourg. In a fierce battle, Dorsetshire managed to inflict heavy casualties on the French ship and force her captain, Louis-Armand-Constantin de Rohan, to surrender.

French ship Raisonnable
Raisonnable was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, launched in 1755.

On 29 May 1758 she was captured in the Bay of Biscay by HMS Dorsetshire and HMS Achilles at the action of 29 April 1758. Commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1759 under Captain John Montagu, she served in the Leeward Islands until 3 February 1762 when she grounded and was wrecked on a reef off the port of Martinique.
Carolina Courage
The Carolina Courage was a professional soccer team that played in the Women's United Soccer Association. The team played at Fetzer Field on the UNC-Chapel Hill campus in 2001, and then at the soccer-specific SAS Stadium in Cary, North Carolina in 2002 and 2003.

Fetzer Field
Robert Fetzer Field was a stadium located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and was the home of the lacrosse and soccer teams of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the North Carolina Tar Heels. The four teams that called Fetzer field their home (men's and women's lacrosse and men's and women's soccer) have a combined total of 26 national championships.

The Carolina Courage of the Women's United Soccer Association played their first season in 2001 at the stadium.

The stadium was demolished in 2017 to make way for the new Dorrance Field soccer and lacrosse stadium that was built on the same site.
Lake Rotokawau (Aupōuri Peninsula)
Lake Rotokawau is a dune lake on the Aupōuri Peninsula the Far North, New Zealand. The name is also used for lakes in the Kaipara District (Poutu Peninsula), Chatham Islands, in Bay of Plenty and near Lake Waikare in Waikato.

Lake Rotokawau is near Rotokawau Road, off State Highway 1 North of Kaitaia.

The lake catchment is predominantly pasture (70%), scrub (30%) and planted forest. The lake itself has no major inflows or outflow.

The Bushland Trust, working with the Department of Conservation and Northland Regional Council is undertaking restoration at Lake Rotokawau, as well as other nearby dune lakes, such as Lake Heather, Lake Rotoroa, Lake Ngatu, Lake Gem and Lake Ngakapua.

Lake Rotoroa (Northland)
Lake Rotoroa is a dune lake in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It is located to the west of Awanui.

Lake Rotoroa is one of the larger lakes of the Sweetwater group of lakes. The lake has no defined inflows or outflows.

The lake catchment is predominantly pastoral. The lake is completely fenced, and with development of riparian vegetation this may reduce nutrient inputs from the catchment, particularly on formally grazed lake margins.

The Bushland Trust, working with the Department of Conservation and Northland Regional Council is undertaking restoration at Lake Rotoroa, as well as other nearby dune lakes, such as Lake Heather, Lake Rotokawau, Lake Ngatu, Lake Gem, and Lake Ngakapua.

The water quality of the lake is monitored by Northland Regional Council.
Differential object marking
In linguistics, differential object marking (DOM) is the phenomenon in which certain objects of verbs are marked to reflect various syntactic and semantic factors. One form of the more general phenomenon of differential argument marking, DOM is present in more than 300 languages. The term "differential object marking" was coined by Georg Bossong.

Differential argument marking
In linguistics, differential argument marking (DAM) is the phenomenon of a language's encoding a single grammatical function (e.g. subject or object) in different ways. It includes non-uniform encoding of arguments in terms of case marking, but also in terms of the presence or absence of agreement on the verb. The term differential marking – specifically differential object marking or DOM – was coined by Georg Bossong in relation to his work on Sardinian and New Iranian languages. However, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the great variety of differential marking patterns across the world's languages in both formal and functional linguistics.
EuropaChorAkademie
The EuropaChorAkademie (European Choir Academy) is a German mixed choir, founded by Joshard Daus in 1997 as a group formed by students of two music universities, the University of Mainz and the University of the Arts Bremen. They have performed internationally and recorded choral works including Mahler's Second Symphony and Schönberg's Moses und Aron.

University of Mainz
The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (German: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany. It has been named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. As of 2018, it had approximately 32,000 students enrolled in around 100 academic programs. The university is organized into 11 faculties.

The university is a member of the German U15, a group of fifteen major research and medical universities in Germany. It also participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and forms part of the Rhine-Main-Universities (RMU) along with Goethe University Frankfurt and Technische Universität Darmstadt.

The first university of Mainz was founded in 1477, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe, although it was later closed and re-founded 148 years later.
Kütahya District
Kütahya District (also: Merkez, meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Kütahya Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Kütahya. Its area is 2,470 km2, and its population is 282,243 (2022).

Kütahya
Kütahya (Turkish pronunciation: [cyˈtahja]) is a city in western Turkey which lies on the Porsuk River, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the seat of Kütahya Province and Kütahya District. Its population is 263,863 (2022). The region of Kütahya has large areas of gentle slopes with agricultural land culminating in high mountain ridges to the north and west.
Giovanni Luigi Marescotti
Giovanni Luigi Marescotti (died 1587) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Strongoli (1585–1587).

On 14 January 1585, Giovanni Luigi Marescotti was appointed by Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Strongoli.
He served as Bishop of Strongoli until his death in 1587.

Roman Catholic Diocese of Strongoli
The Diocese of Strongoli was a Roman Catholic diocese in Italy, located in the city of Strongoli, Calabria. In 1818 it was suppressed by Pope Pius VII's bull De utiliori. The territory was subsequently absorbed into the Diocese of Cariati.