hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Faraday paradox
The Faraday paradox or Faraday's paradox is any experiment in which Michael Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction appears to predict an incorrect result.  The paradoxes fall into two classes:

Faraday's law appears to predict that there will be zero electromotive force (EMF) but there is a non-zero EMF.

Faraday's law appears to predict that there will be a non-zero EMF but there is zero EMF.

Faraday deduced his law of induction in 1831, after inventing the first electromagnetic generator or dynamo, but was never satisfied with his own explanation of the paradox.

Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic induction or magnetic induction is the production of an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical conductor in a changing magnetic field.

Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of induction. Lenz's law describes the direction of the induced field. Faraday's law was later generalized to become the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism.

Electromagnetic induction has found many applications, including electrical components such as inductors and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.
The Outsider (Wright novel)
The Outsider is a novel by American author Richard Wright, first published in 1953. The Outsider is Richard Wright's second installment in a story of epic proportions, a complex master narrative to show American racism in raw and ugly terms.  It was the kind of racism that Wright knew and experienced, a racism from which most black people of his own time could not escape, and it remained the central element in his fiction.  The Outsider appeared during the height of McCarthyism in the United States and the advent of the Cold War in Europe, two events that had a significant bearing on its initial reception.

Richard Wright (author)
Richard Nathaniel Wright (1908–1960), also known as Nathan Paul, was an American author of novels, short stories, poems, and non-fiction. Much of his literature concerns racial themes, especially related to the plight of African Americans during the late 19th to mid 20th centuries suffering discrimination and violence. His best known works include the novella collection Uncle Tom's Children (1938), the novel Native Son (1940), and the memoir Black Boy (1945). Literary critics believe his work helped change race relations in the United States in the mid-20th century.
Danielle Kelly (grappler)
Danielle Kelly (born December 4, 1995) is an American submission grappler and Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt who was the inaugural and former ONE Atomweight Submission Grappling World Champion. She has wins over IBJJF World Champion Jessa Khan, Roxanne Modafferi, Cynthia Calvillo and the former UFC Women's Strawweight Champion Carla Esparza.

Mei Yamaguchi
Mei Yamaguchi (山口 芽生, yamaguchi mei; born (1983-02-03)February 3, 1983), formerly known by her ring name V Hajime (V一, vī hajime), is a Japanese female mixed martial artist and kickboxer. Her former nickname comes from the V1 armlock wrestling move.

Yamaguchi currently fights as a Super Atomweight in the Rizin Fighting Federation promotion. She has a notable victory over Yuka Tsuji and was the final Valkyrie Featherweight Champion. She has also competed in Deep Jewels and ONE Championship. She is currently ranked #5 in the ONE Championship Women's Atomweight rankings.

On February 5, 2011 (2011-02-05), Yamaguchi announced that she would begin competing as a freelance fighter and changed her ring name to V.V.
Francesco Rosa
Francesco Rosa (died 1687) was an Italian painter from Genoa. His works include The Glory of the Eternal Father at Santa Caterina a Magnanapoli and Moses at the Pantheon, both in Rome.  Gregorio Lazzarini trained under him.

Gregorio Lazzarini
Gregorio Lazzarini (1657 – 10 November 1730) was an Italian painter of mythological, religious and historical subjects, as well as portraits. One of the most successful Venetian artists of the day, a prominent teacher, and father to a significant school of painting, he is best known for having first trained Giambattista Tiepolo, who joined his workshop in 1710 at the age of fourteen.  His own style was somewhat eclectic.
Pimpaka Towira
Pimpaka Towira (Thai: พิมพกา โตวิระ) is a Thai independent film director, screenwriter and film producer. Her films include One Night Husband, The Truth Be Told: The Cases Against Supinya Klangnarong and The Island Funeral.

One Night Husband
One Night Husband (Thai: คืนไร้เงา or Kuen rai ngao) is a 2003 Thai thriller film directed by Pimpaka Towira and co-written by Pimpaka and Prabda Yoon. It was the debut feature film for Pimpaka, an independent film director and one of the few female directors working in the Thai film industry. One Night Husband was also the film debut of Thai-Canadian pop singer Nicole Theriault.
Henry Phipps Jr.
Henry Phipps Jr. ( 27 September 1839 –  22 September 1930) was an American entrepreneur known for his business relationship with Andrew Carnegie and involvement with the Carnegie Steel Company. He was also a successful real estate investor. After selling his stock in Carnegie Steel, he devoted a great deal of his time and money to philanthropic works.

Thomas M. Carnegie
Thomas Morrison Carnegie (October 2, 1843 – October 19, 1886) was a Scottish-born American industrialist. He was the brother of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and co-founder of the Edgar Thomson Steel Works (a steel manufacturing company).
Allied technological cooperation during World War II
The Allies of World War II cooperated extensively in the development and manufacture of new and existing technologies to support military operations and intelligence gathering during the Second World War. There are various ways in which the allies cooperated, including the American Lend-Lease scheme and hybrid weapons such as the Sherman Firefly as well as the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons research project which was absorbed into the American-led Manhattan Project. Several technologies invented in Britain proved critical to the military and were widely manufactured by the Allies during the Second World War.

Proximity fuze
A proximity fuze (also VT fuze or "variable time fuze") is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target. Proximity fuzes are designed for elusive military targets such as aircraft and missiles, as well as ships at sea and ground forces. This sophisticated trigger mechanism may increase lethality by 5 to 10 times compared to the common contact fuze or timed fuze.
It's OK (The Beach Boys song)
"It's OK" (spelled  "It's O.K." on the record label) is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1976 album 15 Big Ones. Written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, it is an upbeat song about celebrating summer fun. It was issued as a single on August 9, 1976 (with the B-side "Had to Phone Ya") and reached number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100. The single version is slightly sped-up compared to the album version.

Had to Phone Ya
"Had to Phone Ya" is a song by the American rock band the Beach Boys from their 1976 album 15 Big Ones. It was written by Brian Wilson, his sister-in-law Diane Rovell, and Mike Love. The song was issued as the B-side to their single "It's O.K.". An earlier recording by the group American Spring was included as a bonus track on a later reissue of the album Spring (1972).
Town of Castle Rock v. Gonzales
Castle Rock v. Gonzales, 545 U.S. 748 (2005), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled, 7–2, that a town and its police department could not be sued under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for refusing to enforce a  restraining order, even though the refusal led to the murders of a woman's three children by her estranged husband. This decision affirmed the controversial principle that state and local government officials have no affirmative duty to protect the public from harm it did not create; a similar ruling was made in DeShaney v. Winnebago County which involves Child Protective Services (called the Department of Social Services in the case) failing to protect a child from a violent parent. The decision has since become infamous and condemned by several human rights groups and is frequently cited among the worst Supreme Court decisions in modern history.

Restraining order
A restraining order or protective order is an order used by a court to protect a person in a situation often involving alleged domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, assault, harassment, stalking, or sexual assault.

Restraining and personal protection order laws vary from one jurisdiction to another, but all establish who can file for an order, what protection or relief a person can get from such an order, and how the order will be enforced. The court will order the adverse party to refrain from certain actions or require compliance with certain provisions. Failure to comply is a violation of the order, which can result in the arrest and prosecution of the offender. Violations in some jurisdictions may also constitute criminal or civil contempt of court.
Shakespeare Must Die
Shakespeare Must Die (Thai: เชคสเปียร์ต้องตาย) is a 2012 Thai adaptation of William Shakespeare's Macbeth. It was directed by Ing Kanjanavanit and produced by Manit Sriwanichpoom. The Yingluck Shinawatra government banned the film as a national security threat due to the film's visual references to the paramilitary's violent crackdown on student protesters in the Thammasat University massacre of 6 October 1976.

The Thai-language film tells the story of a theatre group in a fictional country resembling Thailand that is staging a production of Macbeth, in which an ambitious general murders his way to the Scottish throne.

One of the film's main characters is a dictator named "Dear Leader", who bears a resemblance to former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was ousted in a 2006 coup.

Manit Sriwanichpoom
Manit Sriwanichpoom (Thai: มานิต ศรีวานิชภูมิ, born 27 September 1961) is a Thai photographer, writer, contemporary artist and social activist. His notable work is a photo set called Pink Man. The set consists of photos of a man in pink silk tuxedo and his pink shopping cart shot in different locations around the world.
Yangiqoʻrgʻon District
Yangiqoʻrgʻon is a district of Namangan Region in Uzbekistan. The capital is in the town Yangiqoʻrgʻon. Its area is 525 km2. Its population is 221,800 (2021 est.).

The district consists of 19 urban-type settlements (Yangiqoʻrgʻon, Bekobod, Gʻovazon, Zarkent, Iskavot, Kalishoh, Qizil qiyoq, Qorayantoq, Qorapolvon, Qorachashoʻrkent, Koʻkyor, Navkent, Nanay, Poromon, Rovot, Sangiston, Salmon, Xoʻjashoʻrkent, Yumaloqtepa) and 11 rural communities.

Yangiqoʻrgʻon
Yangiqoʻrgʻon  (Uzbek: Yangiqoʻrgʻon, Russian: Янгикурган, romanized: Yangikurgan) is an urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Yangiqoʻrgʻon District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan. Population: 11,561 (1989 census).

Yangiqoʻrgʻon is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the city of Namangan. It is connected by roads with Namangan and Chortoq.
Arkansas Highway 22
Arkansas Highway 22 (AR 22) is an east–west state highway in the Arkansas River Valley. The route runs 75.60 miles (121.67 km) from US 64 in Fort Smith east to Highway 7 in Dardanelle. Following the historic stagecoach line of the cross-country Butterfield Trail, the route is one of the original 1926 state highways. It is designated by the AHTD as the True Grit Trail.

Interstate 49 in Arkansas
Interstate 49 (I-49) is an Interstate Highway in the U.S.  state of Arkansas. There are two main sections of the highway across different sides of the state. The southern section starts at the Louisiana state line, then runs to Texarkana, at the Texas state line. The northern section begins at I-40 and at U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) in Alma and runs north to the Missouri state line, where the freeway continues into Missouri. An additional small section south of Fort Smith is currently designated as Highway 549 (AR 549) until it is extended northward to the I-40 interchange, at which point it will become part of I-49.
Corey Walden
Torrian Corey Walden (born August 5, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Força Lleida of the Spanish Liga ACB. He played college basketball for Stetson and Eastern Kentucky before playing professionally in the NBA G League, Belgium and Israel. Standing at 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m), he plays at the point guard  position. Playing for Hapoel Holon, he was named the 2019 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP. In addition to being a citizen of the United States, Walden also has Serbian citizenship.

Stetson Hatters men's basketball
The Stetson Hatters men's basketball team represents Stetson University in DeLand, Florida, United States. The team currently competes in the ASUN Conference. They play their home games at the Edmunds Center. The Hatters appeared in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament for the first time in program history in 2024 after winning that year's ASUN tournament.
Achille Leclère
Achille-François-René Leclère (29 October 1785 – 23 December 1853) was a French architect and teacher of architecture.

Achille Leclère studied architecture under Charles Percier and Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand.  After finishing his studies, he won the 1808 Premier Grand Prix de Rome where the final round topic was, "Public baths in Paris".

In 1813, Leclère made a noted restoration of the Pantheon in Rome.  Indeed, Achille Leclere's architectural drawings of the Pantheon are regarded by many as the best ever made.

In 1815, he opened a renowned architectural atelier from which many eminent architects graduated, including the French architects Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Paul Abadie, Charles Isabelle and Alfred Armand and the English architect Richard Lane.

He was elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts of the Institut de France in 1831.

Paul Abadie
Paul Abadie (9 November 1812 – 3 August 1884) was a French architect and building restorer.  He is considered a central representative of French historicism.  He was the son of architect Paul Abadie Sr.

Abadie worked on the restoration of Notre-Dame de Paris, Église Sainte-Croix of Bordeaux, Saint-Pierre of Angoulême and Saint-Front of Périgueux. He won the competition in 1873  to design the Basilica of the Sacré Cœur on Montmartre in Paris, and saw construction commence on it, though he died long before its completion in 1914.
Chasing Through Europe
Chasing Through Europe is a 1929  Synchronized sound American Pre-Code romance film directed by David Butler and Alfred L. Werker and starring Sue Carol, Nick Stuart and Gustav von Seyffertitz. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects using the sound-on-film Movietone process. The film was produced by the Fox Film Corporation. Most of the film was shot on location in Europe.

Gustav von Seyffertitz
Gustav von Seyffertitz (4 August 1862 – 25 December 1943) was a German film actor and director. He settled in the United States. He was born in Haimhausen, Bavaria, and died in Los Angeles, California, aged 81.
St. Regis Indians
The St. Regis Indians were a Senior "A" box lacrosse team from St. Regis Mohawk Reservation, New York on Akwesasne Island.  The Indians played in the Major Series Lacrosse Senior "A" Lacrosse League from 1998 to 2009.

Major Series Lacrosse
Major Series Lacrosse (MSL) is a Senior A box lacrosse league with 7 teams based in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. The league championship team each year goes on to play against the champions of the Western Lacrosse Association for the Mann Cup in September. The championship is hosted alternately between Ontario and British Columbia.
Asgard's Wrath
Asgard's Wrath is a 2019 action role-playing game developed by Sanzaru Games and published by Oculus Studios for the Oculus Rift, a virtual reality headset. In the game, the player assumes control of a Norse god who must guide several mortal heroes to fulfill their destinies. The game received generally positive reviews. Asgard's Wrath 2 was released on the Meta Quest 2 and Meta Quest 3 in 2023.

Reality Labs
Reality Labs, formerly Oculus VR, is a business and research unit of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook Inc.) that produces virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) hardware and software, including virtual reality headsets such as the Quest, and online platforms such as Horizon Worlds. In June 2022, several artificial intelligence (AI) initiatives that were previously a part of Meta AI were transitioned to Reality Labs. This also includes Meta's fundamental AI Research laboratory FAIR which is now part of the Reality Labs - Research (RLR) division.

The Reality Labs unit is the result of the merger of several initiatives under Meta Platforms and the incorporation of several acquired companies. This includes CTRL-Labs founded by Thomas Reardon which develops non-invasive neural interface technology as well as Oculus, a company that was founded in 2012 by Palmer Luckey, Brendan Iribe, Michael Antonov and Nate Mitchell to develop a VR headset for video gaming.
Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen
Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen (15 January 1872 – 25 November 1907) was a Danish author, ethnologist, and Arctic explorer, from Ringkøbing. He played a central role in early 20th-century exploration of Greenland, leading the Denmark Expedition (1906–08), which mapped large areas of northeast Greenland and corrected earlier geographic misconceptions. He died during the expedition.

Knud Rasmussen
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (/ˈræsmʊsən/; 7 June 1879 – 21 December 1933) was a Greenlandic-Danish polar explorer and anthropologist. He has been called the "father of Eskimology" (now often known as Inuit Studies or Greenlandic and Arctic Studies) and was the first European to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sled. He remains well known in Greenland, Denmark and among Canadian Inuit.
Betuweroute
The Betuweroute is a double track freight railway between Rotterdam and Germany. Betuweroute is the official name, after the Betuwe area through which the route passes.  The line is popularly called Betuwelijn, after an older local rail line in the same region. The line extends into Germany as the Oberhausen–Arnhem railway, and it is part of Project No. 5 of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T).

Oberhausen–Arnhem railway
The Oberhausen–Arnhem railway (also known in German as the Hollandstrecke, meaning "Holland line") is a two-track, electrified main line railway running close to the lower Rhine from Oberhausen via Wesel, Emmerich and the German–Dutch border to Arnhem and forms part of the line between the Ruhr and Amsterdam. The line was opened by the Cologne-Minden Railway Company in 1856 and is one of the oldest lines in Germany.

It branches in Oberhausen from the Duisburg–Dortmund line, a section of the Cologne-Minden trunk line and connects in Arnhem with the Rhine Railway to Amsterdam. The line is of high importance for international traffic, both for long-distance passenger services and for freight traffic and is listed as a priority project of the Trans-European Networks.
John Legoe
John Legoe (c. 1824 – 24 March 1895) was a ship's captain, associated with the sailing ships Celestial, The Murray, Yatala and Hesperus, before settling in South Australia, where he and his family were notable citizens.

The Murray (clipper ship)
The Murray was a three-masted clipper ship that was built in Scotland in 1861 and lost off the coast of Sweden in 1884. For nearly 20 years, the Orient Line sailed between London and South Australia. In 1880, Norwegian owners bought her and renamed her Freia.
Maria Tipo
Maria Tipo (23 December 1931 – 10 February 2025) was an Italian pianist who made an international career after she won the 1949 Geneva International Music Competition and came in third at the Queen Elisabeth Competition. She revived the music of Muzio Clementi and was known for playing and recording music by Scarlatti, Bach, Beethoven and Chopin. She taught at conservatories, Conservatoire de Musique de Genève, Bolzano Conservatory, Florence Conservatory and Scuola di Musica di Fiesole.

Domenico Scarlatti
Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (26 October 1685 – 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer. He is classified primarily as a Baroque composer chronologically, although his music was influential in the development of the Classical style. Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas. He spent much of his life in the service of the Portuguese and Spanish royal families.
John Griffith (priest)
John Griffith was among the most prominent clergymen in industrial south Wales during the second half of the nineteenth century. He was rector of Aberdare from 1846 until 1859. From 1859 until his death in 1885 he was vicar of Merthyr Tydfil where he proved a strong supporter of workers' rights and, by the end of his life a supporter of the disestablishment of the Church of England in Wales. This reflected the way in which he gradually abandoned the strong Tory principles that he espoused at the beginning of his career at Aberdare.   He died on 24 April 1885.

Aberdare
Aberdare (/ˌæbərˈdɛər/ ab-ər-DAIR; Welsh: Aberdâr ⓘ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is 4 miles (6 km) south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, 20 miles (32 km) north-west of Cardiff and 22 miles (35 km) east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it became a thriving industrial settlement, which was also notable for the vitality of its cultural life and as an important publishing centre.
Antonio Aakeel
Antonio Aakeel is an English actor, known for starring in the Apple TV Series Slow Horses and leading the film Eaten by Lions, for which he was named a Screen International Star of Tomorrow by Screen Daily. He also appeared in Tomb Raider and the BAFTA award-winning series Three Girls.

Three Girls (TV series)
Three Girls is a three-part British television drama series written by Nicole Taylor and directed by Philippa Lowthorpe. It was broadcast on three consecutive nights between 16 and 18 May 2017 on BBC One. A co-production between BBC Studios and Studio Lambert, the series is a dramatised version of the events surrounding the Rochdale child sex abuse ring, and describes how the police and the local authorities failed to investigate allegations of child abuse and rape because the victims were perceived as unreliable witnesses and through fear of being accused of racism because of the ethnicity of the perpetrators.

Three Girls drew a strong viewing audience upon its first broadcast, with 8.24 million viewers for episode one, 7.88 million for episode two and 8.19 million for episode three. The series was released on DVD in Region 2 on 8 January 2018.

A BBC documentary on the case, The Betrayed Girls, was broadcast on 3 July 2017 as a follow-up to the drama.