hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Notation for differentiation
In differential calculus, there is no single standard notation for differentiation. Instead, several notations for the derivative of a function or a dependent variable have been proposed by various mathematicians, including Leibniz, Newton, Lagrange, and Arbogast. The usefulness of each notation depends on the context in which it is used, and it is sometimes advantageous to use more than one notation in a given context. For more specialized settings—such as partial derivatives in multivariable calculus, tensor analysis, or vector calculus—other notations, such as subscript notation or the ∇ operator are common. The most common notations for differentiation (and its opposite operation, antidifferentiation or indefinite integration) are listed below.

Fluxion
A fluxion is the instantaneous rate of change, or gradient, of a fluent (a time-varying quantity, or function) at a given point. Fluxions were introduced by Isaac Newton to describe his form of a time derivative (a derivative with respect to time). Newton introduced the concept in 1665 and detailed them in his mathematical treatise, Method of Fluxions. Fluxions and fluents made up Newton's early calculus.
Ultimate X: The Movie
Ultimate X: The Movie is a 2002 American sports documentary film written and directed by Bruce Hendricks about the 2001 X Games.

It features athletes including Dave Mirra, Travis Pastrana, Mike Metzger, Bucky Lasek, Brian Deegan, and Mat Hoffman. It also features clips from the actual event in Philly, including the finals between Bob Burnquist, and Bucky Lasek, which Bob won by a first ever score of 98, and the crash of Carey Hart, when he attempted the first ever Moto-X Backflip.

Carey Hart
Carey Jason Phillip Hart (born July 17, 1975) is an American off-road truck racer, former professional freestyle motocross competitor, and former motorcycle racer. He is known for being the first motorcyclist to attempt a backflip on a 250cc motorcycle during a competition, and for founding Hart & Huntington Tattoo Co.
Kënga Magjike
Kënga Magjike (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈkəŋɡa maˈɟikɛ]; transl. "The Magic Song") is an annual music competition organised by the Albanian television broadcaster Televizioni Klan. The music competition has been broadcasting annually since its inauguration in 1999 with the exception of 2020 and 2023.

The first edition of the contest was broadcast live by Radio Televizioni Shqiptar while all the editions from 2003 by Televizioni Klan. Ardit Gjebrea has been the main presenter of the contest since the first edition and in other occasions he has hosted with other co-presenters amongst them Brigitte Nielsen, Natalia Estrada, Songül Öden and Elia Zogu.

Ardit Gjebrea
Ardit Gjebrea (born 7 June 1963) is an Albanian television presenter, singer-songwriter and producer, best known as the producer and host of the Sunday program E Diela Shqiptare and the annual music competition Kënga Magjike, both broadcast on TV Klan.
Luís Filipe Rocha
Luís Filipe Rocha (born 16 November 1947) is a Portuguese film director, screenwriter and actor. He has directed ten films since 1976. His film Cerromaior was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival.

Cerromaior
Cerromaior is a 1981 Portuguese drama film directed by Luís Filipe Rocha. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival, and was awarded the Colón de Oro at the Festival de Cine Iberoamericano de Huelva.
Roy Foster (baseball)
Roy Foster (July 29, 1945 – March 21, 2008) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball who played for the Cleveland Indians from 1970 to 1972. Born in Bixby, Oklahoma, he batted .268 with 23 home runs and 60 runs batted in as a 1970 rookie, and received one vote for the American League's Rookie of the Year Award. He was traded along with Frank Coggins and cash from the Milwaukee Brewers to the Indians for Russ Snyder and Max Alvis during spring training on April 4, 1970. He was dealt along with Rich Hand, Mike Paul and Ken Suarez from the Indians to the Texas Rangers for Del Unser, Denny Riddleberger, Terry Ley and Gary Jones at the Winter Meetings on December 2, 1971. Foster died in Tulsa at age 62. He had the nickname of "Captain Easy".

Foster was inducted posthumously  into Booker T. Washington’s 2022 Ring of Honor class during a ceremony between the Hornets’ basketball games against Bixby on Friday night, Feb 4, 2022 at Nathan E. Harris Fieldhouse.

Terry Ley
Terrence Richard Ley (February 21, 1947 – August 30, 2025) was an American baseball pitcher whose MLB career spanned six games in the 1971 season for the New York Yankees. He was a student of University of Oregon before he was drafted in the 3rd round of the January 1967 draft and was 24 when he made his major league debut on August 20, 1971, for the Yankees.
Gavin Bottger
Gavin Bottger (/ˈbɒtɡər/ BOT-ghər; born January 5, 2007) is an American skateboarder and member of the USA Skateboarding National Team. He won gold at the 2023 World Skateboarding Championship. He represented the United States at the 2024 Summer Olympics.

USA Skateboarding National Team
The 16 members of the inaugural U.S.A Skateboarding National Team were announced in March 2019. The skaters competed to qualify for Skateboarding at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Twelve American skateboarders qualified for the 2020 and 2024 Olympics.
Sineus and Truvor
Sineus and Truvor (Russian: Синеус и Трувор; Old Norse: Signjótr, Þórvar[ð]r) are mentioned in Rus' chronicles as brothers of Rurik, a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who is traditionally considered to be the founder of the Rurikids. According to legendary calling of the Varangians as recorded in the Primary Chronicle (PVL) and Novgorod First Chronicle, the three brothers were invited by East Slavic and Finnic tribes to reign over them in what is now northwestern Russia in 862. Sineus established himself at Beloozero and Truvor at Izborsk. After they died, Rurik consolidated their territories into his own.

Rurik
Rurik (also spelled Rorik, Riurik or Ryurik; Church Slavonic: Рюрикъ, romanized: Rjurikŭ; Old Norse: Hrøríkʀ; died 879) was a Varangian chieftain of the Rus' who, according to tradition, was invited to reign in Novgorod in the year 862. The Primary Chronicle states that Rurik was succeeded by his kinsman Oleg who was regent for his infant son Igor.

Traditionally, Rurik has been considered the founder of the Rurik dynasty, which was the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities, and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia, until the death of Feodor I in 1598. As a result, he is considered to be the traditional founder of the Russian monarchy.
Anokhi Raat
Anokhi Raat (lit. 'Strange Night') is a 1968 Hindi film produced by L. B. Lachman and L. B. Thakur and directed by Asit Sen. The film stars Sanjeev Kumar, Zaheeda Hussain, Aruna Irani, Keshto Mukherjee and Parikshit Sahni. It has music by Roshan and Salil Chowdhury, with the former being the song composer and the latter being the film score composer. The film has some outstanding songs that include "Oh Re Taal Mile", "Mahalon Ka Raja Mila", "Mile Na Phool To", and "Dulhan Se Tumhara Milan Hoga".

Zaheeda Hussain
Zaheeda Hussain (born 9 October 1944), commonly known by her mononym Zaheeda, is a former actress of Hindi films. Born in Mumbai, she is the daughter of Akhtar Hussain, who was a film producer and the son of director Jaddanbai. Actress Nargis was her aunt and character actor Anwar Hussain her uncle.

Zaheeda is best known for Anokhi Raat (1968), Gambler (1971) and Prem Pujari (1970). Dev Anand offered her the role of Jasbir/Janice in the cult-film Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971) but she was reluctant to play the leading actor's sister, and turned it down, preferring to play the role of his beloved (eventually played by Mumtaz). The sister role was accepted by Zeenat Aman, which catapulted her to fame. Zaheeda continued to play the heroine in a few films during the early 1970s, with newer actors of the time such as Vinod Mehra and Rakesh Pandey, but they all flopped, and she eventually retired from films.
The Miseducation of Cameron Post (film)
The Miseducation of Cameron Post is a 2018 coming-of-age comedy drama film directed by Desiree Akhavan and written by Akhavan and Cecilia Frugiuele, based on the 2012 novel by Emily M. Danforth. It stars Chloë Grace Moretz, John Gallagher Jr., Sasha Lane, Forrest Goodluck, Marin Ireland, Owen Campbell, Kerry Butler, Quinn Shephard, Emily Skeggs, Melanie Ehrlich, and Jennifer Ehle.

Orphan Cameron Post is a teenager sent to a gay conversion therapy centre in 1993 by her conservative, Christian guardians.

The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2018. It was released in the United States on August 3, 2018, by FilmRise, and United Kingdom on September 7, 2018, by Vertigo Releasing. It received positive reviews and has grossed $2 million globally, The film was an international co-production between the United Kingdom and United States.

Sasha Lane
Sasha Bianca Lane (born September 29, 1995) is an American actress. She made her film debut in American Honey (2016), directed by Andrea Arnold, before portraying Hunter C-20 in the first season of the Disney+ television series Loki, set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).
Mumtaj
Nagma Khan (born 5 July 1980), known mononymously as Mumtaj is an Indian actress known for her works in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Kannada and Malayalam language films. She entered the film industry through the Tamil film Monisha En Monalisa (1999) and subsequently starred in Kushi (2000), Kushi (2001), Looty (2001), Chocolate (2001), Gemini (2002), Chellame (2004), London (2005), Veerasamy (2007) and Rajadhi Raja (2009). In the early 2000s, she appeared in notable item numbers. In 2018, after her appearance in  Bigg Boss Tamil 2 (marked her last media appearance), she announced her retirement from the film industry for good after spending 19 years in the industry and has no interest in making a comeback to the industry.

Kushi (2000 film)
Kushi (transl. Happiness) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film written and directed by S. J. Suryah and produced by A. M. Rathnam. The film stars Vijay and Jyothika in the lead roles, while Mumtaj, Vijayakumar, Vivek and Nizhalgal Ravi and others in the supporting roles. The film's cinematography was done by Jeeva, while music was composed by Deva.

Kushi released on 19 May 2000 and was commercially successful. The film's Telugu version, also titled Kushi (2001), was initially planned as a bilingual along with the Tamil version, but released a year later due to production delays. The film was remade in Hindi as Khushi (2003), and in Kannada as Eno Onthara (2010). Jyothika won several Best Actress awards at various Award Ceremony including 
Filmfare Award.
Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (film)
Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (天龍八部), also known as Dragon Story, is a 1984 Hong Kong wuxia film adapted from the novel of the same title by Jin Yong. The film was directed and written by Siu Sang, starring Norman Chui, Kent Tong, Felix Wong, Idy Chan, Lam Jan-kei, and Austin Wai.

The film is not to be confused with the 1982 Hong Kong television series of the same title produced by TVB.

Norman Chui
Norman Chui Siu-keung (16 October 1950 – 1 September 2024) was a Hong Kong actor. He was best known for portraying heroic protagonists in many martial arts films from the 1970s to 1980s and later portraying villainous roles in the 1990s. Chui was contracted with Asia Television during the 1990s and mostly acted in mainland China thereafter.
Social Science Research Council
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is a US-based, independent, international nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing research in the social sciences and related disciplines. Established in Manhattan in 1923, it maintains a headquarters in Brooklyn Heights with a staff of approximately 70.

The SSRC offers several fellowships to researchers in the social sciences and related disciplines, including for international fieldwork.

Charles Edward Merriam
Charles Edward Merriam Jr. (1874–1953) was an American professor of political science at the University of Chicago, founder of the behavioral approach to political science, a trainer of many graduate students, a prominent intellectual in the Progressive Movement, and an advisor to several US Presidents.  Upon his death, The New York Times called him "one of the outstanding political scientists in the country".
Shehnai (1964 film)
Shehnai is a 1964 Indian Hindi family drama film directed by S. D. Narang. The film stars Biswajeet, Rajshree, Nirupa Roy, Leela Chitnis, Johnny Walker, Iftekhar and Asit Sen. The story was written by Gulshan Nanda and screenplay by Z. Hussain. The film's music was composed by Ravi. The songs "Na Jhatko Zulf Se Pani", "Kya Ajab Saaz Hai Yeh Shehnai", "Is Tarah Toda Mera Dil", "Kitni Jawan Hai Zindagi Kitni Jawan Bahaar" and others were written by Rajendra Krishan. The film is about a pilot's widow who goes through hardship and loneliness in order to fulfil her husband's last wish to make their son an Air Force pilot.

Biswajeet Chatterjee
Biswajeet Chatterjee (born 14 December 1936), known mononymously as Biswajeet or Biswajit (Bengali: [ˈbiʃodʒit̪]; Hindi: [ˈʋɪʃʋədʒiːt̪]), is a veteran Indian actor, producer, director, singer and politician known for his work in Bengali cinema and Hindi cinema.
Muzaffarpur
Muzaffarpur pronunciationⓘ is a city in the Muzaffarpur district, situated on the banks of the Burhi Gandak River in the Tirhut division of the Indian state of Bihar. It serves as the administrative headquarters of both the Tirhut division and the Muzaffarpur district. Muzaffarpur is the fourth most populous city in Bihar and is often referred to as the Capital of North Bihar.

The city is renowned for its Shahi lychee, earning it the nickname Lychee Kingdom of India.

A study conducted by the Government of Bihar identified Muzaffarpur, along with Patna, Vaishali, Gaya, and Begusarai, as one of the top five districts in the state in terms of rapid economic growth.

Tirhut division
Tirhut Division is an administrative division of the Indian state of Bihar, with its headquarters located at Muzaffarpur. It was created in 1908 and is one of the prominent divisions of the state. The division is administered by a Commissioner, a senior officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS).

The division comprises six districts: Muzaffarpur district, East Champaran district, West Champaran district, Vaishali district, Sitamarhi district, and Sheohar district
Ohafia War Dance
The Ohafia War Dance // ⓘ (Igbo: ikpirikpi ogu) is a popular war dance performed in several parts of Eastern Nigeria. The dance which has its roots from Ohafia is performed by a group of muscular men in commemoration of their strength in fighting and winning wars in the past.

War dance
A war dance is a dance involving mock combat, usually in reference to tribal warrior societies where such dances were performed as a ritual connected with endemic warfare.  
Martial arts in various cultures can be performed in dance-like settings for various reasons, such as for evoking ferocity in preparation for battle or showing off skill in a more stylized manner. It could also be for celebration of valor and conquest. Many such martial arts incorporate music, especially strong percussive rhythms.

War dances can overlap with sword dances and other forms of weapon dance, utilizing weapons or replications as part of the artistic performance.

Egyptian Tahtib

Papuan war dance from Yapen, Papua

Capoeira is a martial art traditionally performed with a dance-like flavor and to live musical accompaniment, as seen depicted here.
Vair (river)
The Vair (French pronunciation: [vɛʁ]) is a 65.3-kilometre (40.6 mi) river in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. It rises in Dombrot-le-Sec and flows generally northwest to join the Meuse at Maxey-sur-Meuse.

Meuse
The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km (575 miles).
Kodak Proofing Software
Kodak Proofing Software is an application from Eastman Kodak for managing and controlling the process of Prepress proofing. It supports the Veris printer, Kodak Approval and various inkjet printers from Epson and Hewlett Packard.

The four dots: blue/yellow, red/green used in the splash screen and application icon are a symbolic representation of the Lab color space central to color management technology.

Veris printer
The Veris printer is a medium format (4 up) 1500 DPI color inkjet printer manufactured by the Graphic Communications Group of Eastman Kodak, which is used for digital Prepress proofing. A refinement of the Iris printer, the Veris also uses a continuous flow ink system to produce continuous-tone output on specially designed media. Unlike most inkjet printers which fire drops only when needed, the Veris uses eight 10 micrometer glass jets that operate continuously under high pressure, vibrated by a piezoelectric crystal to produce drops at a 1 MHz rate, or 8 million drops per second in total. Drops that are not needed to form the image are deflected electrostatically into a waste collection system, and individual drops can be directed to a specific position on the media. The Veris prints with the same quality of the Iris, only faster because of the larger number of jets (or pens as they are called).
KTM Komuter Northern Sector
The KTM Komuter Northern Sector (Malay: KTM Komuter Utara) is one of the five KTM Komuter services run by Malaysian rail operator Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM). The service was introduced on 11 September 2015 following the completion of the Ipoh-Padang Besar Electrification and Double-Tracking Project in December 2014, which also saw the extension of ETS services to Padang Besar from Ipoh.

Currently, the KTM Komuter Northern Sector consists of two routes, namely the Butterworth - Padang Besar route and the Ipoh - Butterworth route. The lines share tracks with KTM ETS services, though the Komuter services call at stations also not served by ETS.

Ipoh railway station
The Ipoh railway station is a Malaysian train station located in the heart of and named after Ipoh, the capital city of the state of Perak. It serves as the main railway terminal for the state. Operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM), the station is served by several KTM ETS services, and is the southern terminus of the KTM Komuter Northern Sector's Butterworth-Ipoh Line. The station also handles freight trains. Although there are nine tracks, only four are electrified and only three of the electrified tracks are used for ETS and Komuter services. The remaining six tracks are used by freight trains.

Designed by Arthur Benison Hubback, the current station was officially opened in 1917. Affectionately known as the Taj Mahal of Ipoh by its locals, the building also houses a station hotel called the Majestic Hotel.
Blackwell, Oklahoma
Blackwell is a city in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States, located at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 11 along Interstate 35. The population was 6,085 as of the 2020 census. Blackwell was established following the September 16, 1893 Cherokee Outlet land run by A. J. Blackwell. Blackwell has an agricultural and fossil fuel based economy.

Interstate 35 in Oklahoma
Interstate 35 (I-35), in the US State of Oklahoma, runs from the Red River at the Texas border to the Kansas state line near Braman for a length of 236 miles (380 km). I-35 has one auxiliary route in the state, I-235, in the inner city of Oklahoma City. A second auxiliary route, I-335, is the designation for the Kickapoo Turnpike, although it will not meet I-35 until the southern extension of the turnpike to a junction with I-35 in Purcell is built. Excluding the Panhandle, I-35 forms the informal bisector for central Oklahoma, and along with US 81/US 283 in western Oklahoma and US 69/US 75 in the eastern portion, it provides one of the main north-south corridors through the state.
Trai Nimtawat
Trai Nimtawat (Thai: ตรัย นิ่มทวัฒน์, born 14 January 2001), nicknamed Neo (Thai: นีโอ) is a Thai actor signed to GMMTV, for which he is best known for his roles in Fish upon the Sky (2021), The Eclipse (2022), and Only Friends (2023). He is also a former basketball player and a member of Thailand's national youth team, who won bronze at the 2018 ASEAN School Games.

The Eclipse (TV series)
The Eclipse (Thai: คาธ; RTGS: Khat) is a 2022 Thai boys' love television series starring Kanaphan Puitrakul and Thanawat Rattanakitpaisan. Directed by Tanwarin Sukkhapisit and produced by GMMTV. The series was announced at the GMMTV 2022: Borderless press event on December 1, 2021. The series premiered on GMM 25 and Viu on August 12, 2022, and concluded on October 28, 2022.
George Marthins
George Eric McCarthy Marthins  (24 December 1905 – 23 March 1989) was an Indian field hockey player who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics as a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal.

He studied at St. George's College, Mussoorie, India, which produced six Olympic hockey players (Earnest Goodsir-Cullen, William Goodsir-Cullen, Michael Gateley, Lionel Emmett, Carlyle Tapsell and Marthins himself).

Carlyle Tapsell
Carlyle Carrol Tapsell (July 24, 1909 – September 6, 1975) was an Indian field hockey player who competed in the 1932 Summer Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1932 he was a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal. He played two matches as back. Four years later he was again a member of the Indian field hockey team, which won the gold medal. He played four matches as back. He was born in Adra, India.
James Bowman (countertenor)
James Thomas Bowman CBE (6 November 1941 – 27 March 2023) was an English countertenor. His career spanned opera, oratorio, contemporary music and solo recitals. Arguably, he was, after Alfred Deller, the most important countertenor in the 20th century revival of the voice part. He combined early and baroque repertoires with contemporary work, becoming recognised for his portrayal of Oberon in Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream and performing world premieres.

A Midsummer Night's Dream (opera)
A Midsummer Night's Dream, Op. 64, is an opera with music by Benjamin Britten and set to a libretto adapted by the composer and Peter Pears from William Shakespeare's play, A Midsummer Night's Dream. It was premiered on 11 June 1960 at the Aldeburgh Festival, conducted by the composer and with set and costume designs by Carl Toms. Stylistically, the work is typical of Britten, with a highly individual sound-world – not strikingly dissonant or atonal, but replete with subtly atmospheric harmonies and tone painting. The role of Oberon was composed for the countertenor Alfred Deller. Atypically for Britten, the opera did not include a leading role for his partner Pears, who instead was given the comic drag role of Flute/Thisbe.
Ivory Joe Hunter
Ivory Joe Hunter (October 10, 1914 – November 8, 1974) was an American rhythm-and-blues singer, songwriter, and pianist.  After a series of hits on the US R&B chart starting in the mid-1940s, he became more widely known for his hit recording "Since I Met You Baby" (1956). He was billed as The Baron of the Boogie, and also known as The Happiest Man Alive. His musical output ranged from R&B to blues, boogie-woogie, and country music, and Hunter made a name in all of those genres. Uniquely, he was honored at both the Monterey Jazz Festival and the Grand Ole Opry.

Monterey Jazz Festival
The Monterey Jazz Festival is an annual music festival that takes place in Monterey, California, United States. It debuted on October 3, 1958, championed by Dave Brubeck and co-founded by jazz and popular music critic Ralph J. Gleason and  jazz disc jockey Jimmy Lyons.