hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Xu Shichang
Xu Shichang (Chinese: 徐世昌; pinyin: Xú Shìchāng; Wade–Giles: Hsü2Shih4-ch'ang1; courtesy name Juren (Chinese: 菊人; pinyin: Júrén; Wade–Giles: Chu-jen); 20 October  1855 – 5 June 1939) was a Chinese politician who served as the President of China from 10 October 1918 to 2 June 1922. A member of the Anhui clique, he was the only permanent president of the Beiyang government to be a civilian; his presidency was also the longest of the Warlord Era. Previously, he was Minister of the Cabinet of the Imperial Cabinet during the Qing dynasty.

Cao Kun
General Cao Kun (simplified Chinese: 曹锟; traditional Chinese: 曹錕; pinyin: Cáo Kūn; Wade–Giles: Ts'ao K'un; courtesy name: Zhongshan (仲珊); December 12, 1862 – May 15, 1938) was a Chinese warlord and politician, who served as the President of China from 1923 to 1924, as well as the military leader of the Zhili clique in the Beiyang Army.
Regional theater in the United States
A regional theater or resident theater in the United States is a professional or semi-professional theater company that produces its own seasons. The term regional theater most often refers to a professional theater outside New York City. A regional theater may or may not be for profit or unionized.  The term "playhouse" is often used to specifically denote this type of theater.

League of Resident Theatres
The League of Resident Theatres (LORT) is a collective bargaining association in the United States with over 70 non-profit theatre members. LORT serves as a way for member resident theaters, also called regional theaters, to bargain collectively on behalf of theater management with Actors' Equity Association, the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society, and United Scenic Artists.

LORT was formed by the largest of regional theatres to combat unions.: 244  Membership is restricted to US theatres considered as "non-profit" by the Internal Revenue Service.
Val Vallis Award
The Val Vallis Award is an Australian poetry award named in honour of the Queensland poet Val Vallis (1916–2009). Val Vallis was a lyric poet who lectured in English and Philosophy at the University of Queensland. In 2002 the then Arts Minister, Matt Foley, announced "...the naming of a major poetry award, the first Arts Queensland Val Vallis Award for Unpublished Poetry to commemorate Val’s contribution to poetry in Queensland."

Bronwyn Lea the former poetry editor of University of Queensland Press then "designed and implemented the award" in 2003 and it today it is administered and managed by Queensland Poetry Festival (QPF) on behalf of Arts Queensland.

Queensland Poetry Festival
Queensland Poetry Festival was the flagship program of Queensland Poetry, one of Australia's premier organisations for all things poetry. It existed to support and promote a poetry culture in Queensland and Australia, embracing the wide possibility of poetic expression in all of its forms. As well as hosting an annual festival,  Queensland Poetry also produced a number of signature projects and programs throughout the year.
France Gall
Isabelle Geneviève Marie Anne Gall (9 October 1947 – 7 January 2018), known professionally as France Gall (French: [fʁãs gal] ⓘ), was a French yé-yé and pop singer. In 1965, at the age of 17, she won the tenth edition of the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", representing Luxembourg. Later in her career, she  worked with singer-songwriter Michel Berger, whom she married in 1976. Her most successful singles include "Il jouait du piano debout", "Ella, elle l'a" and "Évidemment".

Ella, elle l'a
"Ella, elle l'a" (French for "Ella Has It") is a single released by French singer France Gall. It was released as a single from her album Babacar, on 24 August 1987, and became a hit across Europe, the Americas (especially in Quebec and the Southern Cone) and Asia (especially in Japan). It was covered live by French singer Alizée at a TV show in 2002 and by Belgian singer Kate Ryan in a dance version in 2008.
Benjamin Hobson
Benjamin Hobson (1816–1873) (Chinese：合信) was a British Protestant medical missionary who served with the London Missionary Society in imperial China during its Qing dynasty. His Treatise on Physiology, reproducing and elaborating on work by William Cheselden, helped revolutionize Chinese and later Japanese medical understanding and treatment.

William Cheselden
William Cheselden (/ˈtʃɛsəldən/; 19 October 1688 – 10 April 1752) was an English surgeon and teacher of anatomy and surgery, who was influential in establishing surgery as a scientific medical profession. Via the medical missionary Benjamin Hobson, his work also helped revolutionize medical practices in China and Japan in the 19th century.
Annapurna (goddess)
Annapurna, Annapurneshwari, Annada or Annapoorna (Sanskrit: अन्नपूर्णा, IAST: Annapūrṇā, lit. filled with or possessed of food) is a manifestation of Parvati and is known as the Hindu goddess of food and feeding. Worship and offering of food are highly praised in Hinduism, and therefore, the goddess Annapurna is regarded as a popular deity. She is a manifestation of the goddess Parvati, the paredra of Shiva, and is eulogized in the Annada Mangal, a narrative poem in Bengali by Bharatchandra Ray. The Annapurna Sahasranam is dedicated to the goddess and praises her one thousand names, while the Annapurna Shatanama Stotram is dedicated to her 108 names.

A few temples exist that are dedicated to her, some of the most prominent being the Annapoorneshwari Temple established by Agastya at Horanadu and Annapurna Devi Mandir in Varanasi. Since Akshaya Tritiya is considered to be the birthdate of Annapurna, the day is believed to be very auspicious for buying gold jewellery.

Annapoorneshwari Temple
The Annapoorneshwari Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Annapoorneshwari (Annapoorna), located at Horanadu, Karnataka, India, 100 km from Chikmagalur in the thick forests and valleys of the Western Ghats of Karnataka. It is situated on the banks of river Bhadra.
Vibia Aurelia Sabina
Vibia Aurelia Sabina (170 AD – before 217 AD) was the youngest daughter and child born to Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Roman Empress Faustina the Younger. She was a sister to Roman Empress Lucilla and Roman Emperor Commodus. Her maternal grandparents were Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and Roman Empress Faustina the Elder and her paternal grandparents were Domitia Lucilla and praetor Marcus Annius Verus.

Faustina the Younger
Annia Galeria Faustina the Younger (c. 130 AD, – 175/176 AD) was Roman empress from 161 to her death as the wife of emperor Marcus Aurelius, her maternal cousin. Faustina was the youngest child of emperor Antoninus Pius and empress Faustina the Elder. She was held in high esteem by soldiers and her husband as Augusta and Mater Castrorum ('Mother of the Camp') and was given divine honours after her death.
Robert Deane, 1st Baron Muskerry
Robert Tilson Deane, 1st Baron Muskerry PC (Ire) (29 November 1745 – 25 June 1818), known as Sir Robert Deane, 6th Baronet from 1770 to 1781, was an Irish politician.

He was the son of Sir Robert Deane, 5th Baronet of Dromore and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1770.

Deane represented Carysfort in the Irish House of Commons between 1771 and 1776 and then County Cork between 1776 and 1781. He was also appointed High Sheriff of County Cork for 1773 and admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1777. From 1780 to his death he was Custos Rotulorum of County Limerick.

In 1781 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Muskerry, in the County of Cork. In 1783, he was chosen Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, a post he held for the next both years.

Sir Robert Deane, 5th Baronet
Sir Robert Deane, 5th Baronet PC (Ire) (c. 1707 – 7 February 1770) was an Irish barrister-at-law and politician.

He was the third son of Sir Matthew Deane, 3rd Baronet and his wife Jane Sharpe, only daughter of Reverend William Sharpe. In 1751, he succeeded his older brother Matthew as baronet. He was invested to the Privy Council of Ireland in 1768 and represented Tallow in the Irish House of Commons from 1757 to 1768. The following year, he stood for Carysfort, a seat he held until his death in 1770.

On 24 August 1738, he married Charleton Tilson, second daughter of Thomas Tilson. They had six daughters and four sons. Robert, the oldest surviving son, succeeded to the baronetcy and was later raised to the Peerage of Ireland as  Baron Muskerry, while his younger brother Jocelyn Deane was also a Member of Parliament.
Gish gallop
The Gish gallop is a rhetorical technique in which a person in a debate attempts to overwhelm an opponent by presenting an excessive number of arguments, without regard for their accuracy or strength, with a rapidity that makes it impossible for the opponent to address them in the time available. Gish galloping prioritizes the quantity of the galloper's arguments at the expense of their quality.

The term "Gish gallop" was coined in 1994 by the anthropologist Eugenie Scott who named it after the creationist Duane Gish, whom she described as the technique's "most avid practitioner".

Firehose of falsehood
The firehose of falsehood, also known as firehosing, is a propaganda technique in which a large number of messages are broadcast rapidly, repetitively, and continuously over multiple channels (like news and social media) without regard for truth or consistency. The firehose of falsehood is a contemporary model for Russian propaganda under Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Though similar in some ways, the American tactic of "flooding the zone" with misleading or false statements is distinct from firehosing in that flooding involves pushing out initiatives and policies at an overwhelming rate, rather than specifically falsehoods. The tactics may be combined.

While difficult to counter, the German Marshall Fund, RAND, and military strategists have described techniques to respond to the firehose of falsehood, generally involving preempting it with good information, strategically reducing or removing misinformation, and teaching digital literacy.
James M. Buchanan
James McGill Buchanan Jr. (/bjuːˈkænən/ bew-KAN-ən; October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory originally outlined in his most famous work, The Calculus of Consent, co-authored with Gordon Tullock in 1962. He continued to develop the theory, eventually receiving the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986.

Buchanan's work initiated research on how politicians' and bureaucrats' self-interest, utility maximization, and other non-wealth-maximizing considerations affect their decision-making. He was a member of the Board of Advisors of The Independent Institute as well as of the Institute of Economic Affairs, a member of the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) and MPS president from 1984 to 1986, a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute, and professor at George Mason University.

Gordon Tullock
Gordon Tullock (/ˈtʌlək/; February 13, 1922 – November 3, 2014) was an American professor of law and economics at the George Mason University School of Law. He is best known for his work on public choice theory, the application of economic thinking to political issues. He was one of the founding figures in his field.
Korean Central Broadcasting Station
The Korean Central Broadcasting Station (KCBS) (Korean: 조선중앙방송; Hancha: 朝鮮中央放送; RR: Joseon Jungang Bangsong; MR: Chosŏn Chungang Pangsong) is a domestic radio station operated by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee, a state-owned broadcaster in North Korea.

Korean Central Broadcasting Committee
The Radio and Television Broadcasting Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean: 조선중앙방송위원회), also known as the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee and Korean Central Broadcasting (조선중앙방송), is a state-owned broadcaster of North Korea.

The committee is under the Cabinet of North Korea, but its personnel is chosen and appointed by the Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD) of the Workers' Party of Korea. The PAD also assigns tasks to the committee. Hwang Yong-bo is the chairman of the committee.

The committee is base in Chonsung-dong, Moranbong District, Pyongyang. It is a member of the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union. The committee has a sports team in the annual Paektusan Prize Games of Civil Servants.
Ai Takahashi
Ai Takahashi (高橋 愛, Takahashi Ai) (born September 14, 1986) is a Japanese singer and actress. She debuted in 2001 as a 5th generation member of the Japanese idol girl group Morning Musume, eventually becoming one of the group's lead vocalists. She became the group's leader in 2007, as well as the leader of their musical collective, Hello! Project, in 2009. During her time in Morning Musume, Takahashi was also a member of sub-groups within Hello! Project, such as Mini-Moni, High-King, and several Hello! Project Shuffle Units. In 2011, she graduated from Morning Musume and Hello! Project.

High-King
High-King (ハイ・キング, Hai-Kingu) was a Japanese girl group associated with Hello! Project. The group was created to promote Morning Musume's production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, titled Cinderella the Musical (シンデレラ the ミュージカル). Their sound is said to have an R&B feel.
Book of Llandaff
The Book of Llandaff (Latin: Liber Landavensis; Welsh: Llyfr Llandaf, Llyfr Llan Dâv, or Llyfr Teilo), is the cartulary of the cathedral of Llandaff, a 12th-century compilation of documents relating to the history of the diocese of Llandaff in Wales. It is written primarily in Latin but also contains a significant amount of Old and Middle Welsh names and marginalia.

Middle Welsh
Middle Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg Canol, Middle Welsh: Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed directly from Old Welsh (Welsh: Hen Gymraeg).
Regulatory sequence
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses.

Open Regulatory Annotation Database
The Open Regulatory Annotation Database (also known as ORegAnno) is designed to promote community-based curation of regulatory information. Specifically, the database contains information about regulatory regions, transcription factor binding sites, regulatory variants, and haplotypes.

As of February 10, 2026, the project’s website (www.oreganno.org Archived 2021-03-21 at the Wayback Machine) was observed to be inaccessible, returning a connection timeout error.
The Gruesomes
The Gruesomes are a Canadian garage punk band from Montreal, Quebec, Canada, that formed in 1985.

The band gained recognition following the 1986 release of their debut album, Tyrants of Teen Trash (Og Music), which led to an underground following in Europe, the United States (US) and Canada. Subsequent releases increased their fan base and, after periods of touring, the band established itself within the global garage music scene.

Og Music
Og Music was a small but influential independent record label based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The label was established in 1983 by the band members of Deja Voodoo, Gerard van Herk and Tony Dewald. It ceased operations in 1990.
Krushna Abhishek
"Krishna" Abhishek Sharma (born 30 May 1983) is an Indian actor, comedian, and television host. He is known for his humorous work in comedy shows on Indian television such as Comedy Circus, Comedy Nights Bachao, The Kapil Sharma Show,The Great Indian Kapil Show and Laughter Chefs – Unlimited Entertainment. He gained fame as a comedian after participating in several seasons of the Comedy Circus show on Sony TV. He also appeared in dance reality shows, including Nach Baliye 3 (2007) and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 4 (2010). His dance moves are inspired by his maternal uncle Govinda.

He has hosted Entertainment Ke Liye Kuch Bhi Karega, OMG! Yeh Mera India, Comedy Nights Bachao, and Comedy Nights Live shows on Sony TV, History TV18, and  Colors TV respectively.

Comedy Nights Bachao
Comedy Nights Bachao (English: Comedy Nights, Help!) is an Indian Hindi-language comedy television series which premiered on 5 September 2015. The series used to air on Sunday nights on Colors TV. The series was a reality show with a format similar to Comedy Circus. It had many of the same production team members and was produced by Optimystix Entertainment. The presenters of this show were Krushna Abhishek, Sudesh Lehri, Bharti Singh Mubeen and Mona Singh.
Nancy Cuenco
Nancy Roa Cuenco (born January 14, 1941) is a Filipino zoologist and former politician. She served as Representative from the 2nd (South) District of Cebu City from 1998 to 2001.

Cuenco was born on January 14, 1941 to Benjamin Roa Sr. and Alicia Garde. She was married to former Cebu City 2nd district representative Antonio "Tony" Cuenco, with whom she has four children, namely former Cebu City 2nd (South) District Councilors James Anthony and Ronald, Antonio Jr., and Cynthia Cuenco-Dizon.

After her husband Antonio was term-limited after serving for three terms from 1987 to 1998, Cuenco succeeded him for a single three-year term in Congress, in line with a common practice by Filipino political dynasties of fielding "bench-warmer" relatives to temporarily occupy a term-limited member's position. In 2001, Antonio ran for his old post, serving for another three terms until 2010.

Cuenco's husband Antonio died on June 27, 2020 from COVID-19.

Antonio Cuenco
Antonio "Tony" Veloso Cuenco (March 26, 1936 – June 27, 2020) was a Filipino politician who served as a council member for the 2nd District of the Cebu City Council. He also served as the Secretary-General of the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) from 2010 to 2013 and as representative of the 2nd District of Cebu City in the House of Representatives.
Silver Bow County, Montana
Silver Bow County is a county in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,133. Its county seat is Butte. In 1977, the city and county governments consolidated to form the single entity of Butte-Silver Bow. Additionally, the town of Walkerville is a separate municipality from Butte and is within the county.

Silver Bow County comprises the Butte-Silver Bow, MT Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Walkerville, Montana
Walkerville is a town in Silver Bow County, Montana, United States, that is an enclave of the consolidated city-county of Butte. The population was 639 at the 2020 census. Walkerville is a suburb of Butte, and the only other incorporated community in the county, as well as the only part of the county that is not part of Butte.

Part of Walkerville is included in the Butte-Anaconda Historic District. Walkerville represents some of the earliest mines in the district and preserves the early mining camp flavor present in the 1890s to 1910s.
Katy Tur
Katherine Bear Tur-Dokoupil (/ˈtɜːr/; born October 26, 1983) is an American author and broadcast journalist working as a correspondent for MS NOW. She has anchored daytime news coverage for the network since 2017; her show has been named Katy Tur Reports since 2021. She has also reported for the NBC news platforms Early Today, Today, NBC Nightly News, Meet the Press, and WNBC-TV, and for The Weather Channel.

WNBC
WNBC (channel 4) is a television station in New York City. It is the flagship station of the NBC television network, owned and operated through its NBC Owned Television Stations division. Under common ownership with Linden, New Jersey–licensed Telemundo outlet WNJU (channel 47), the two stations share studios and offices at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in Midtown Manhattan, co-located with NBC's corporate headquarters, and broadcast from the same transmitter at One World Trade Center; WNJU's facilities in Fort Lee, New Jersey, also serve as WNBC's New Jersey news bureau.

WNBC holds the distinction of being the oldest continuously operating commercial television station in the United States.
Moravia, New York
Moravia is a town in Cayuga County, New York. The population was 3,626 at the time of the 2010 census.

The town of Moravia contains a village also called Moravia. The town is located in the Finger Lakes region, south of Auburn.

Moravia (village), New York
The village of Moravia in Cayuga County, New York, United States is a community with population of about 1,200.  The village of Moravia is in the southern part of the town of Moravia and is south of Auburn.

Nearby Fillmore Glen State Park contains a replica of the cabin in which President Millard Fillmore was born.
Ash-Shaykh Saad
Ash-Shaykh Saad (Arabic: الشيخ سعد ash-Shaykh Saʿad; also Romanized Sheikh Saad), historically also called Karnaim and Dair Ayyub ("Monastery of Job"), is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located northwest of Daraa on the Jordan–Syria border. Nearby localities include Nawa, Jasim and al-Harrah to the north, Izraa and ash-Shaykh Miskin to the east, Tafas and Da'el to the southeast, and Adawan and Tasil to the west and Jalin to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, ash-Shaykh Saad had a population of 3,373 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims.

Tafas
Tafas (Arabic: طفس, also spelled Tafs or Tuffas) is a town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Daraa Governorate, located north of Daraa. Nearby localities include al-Shaykh Saad and Nawa to the north, Da'el, Abtaa and al-Shaykh Maskin to the northeast, Saham al-Jawlan and Adwan to the northwest and Muzayrib to the southwest. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Tafas had a population of 32,236 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslim.
Scott Gairdner
Scott Gairdner (born 1985) is an American comedy writer, director, and podcaster, known for creating the viral YouTube video "Sex Offender Shuffle", the animated parody Tiny Fuppets, the Comedy Central animated series Moonbeam City, and Netflix's Saturday Morning All Star Hits!. He also co-created and has co-hosted the theme park podcast Podcast: The Ride since 2017.

Podcast: The Ride
Podcast: The Ride is an audio podcast hosted by Scott Gairdner, Mike Carlson, and Jason Sheridan, in which they discuss theme parks and themed entertainment. The podcast launched in October 2017 and is produced by the Forever Dog Podcast Network. In 2018 the show launched a Patreon called Second Gate.
Aupaluktok Island
Aupaluktok Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is one of the two main Sanigut Islands, stretching between Avataktoo Bay to the north and the Cumberland Sound to the south, off Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula. Akulagok Island, Anarnittuq Island, Beacon Island, Imigen Island, Ivisa Island, Kekertelung Island, Saunik Island, Tesseralik Island, Tuapait Island, and Ugpitimik Island are in the vicinity.

Utaqqiurviarjuruluk
Utaqqiurviarjuruluk (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐅᑕᖅᑭᐅᕐᕕᐊᕐᔪᕈᓗᒃ) formerly Ugpitimik Island is an uninhabited island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. It is located at the mouth of Pangnirtung Fiord, in the Cumberland Sound, off Baffin Island's Cumberland Peninsula. Akulagok Island, Aupaluktok Island, Upajjana, Kekerten Island, Kekertukdjuak Island, Tesseralik Island, and Tuapait Island are in the vicinity.