hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2022 Ligas Departamentales del Peru
The 2022 Ligas Departamentales, the fifth division of Peruvian football (soccer), were played by variable number teams by Departament. The champions and runners-up of each department qualified for the national stage of the 2022 Copa Perú.

2022 Copa Perú
The 2022 Peru Cup season (Spanish: Copa Perú 2022), the largest amateur tournament of Peruvian football. The Regional Stage (Spanish: Etapa Regional) started on 12 February, and the National Stage (Spanish: Etapa Nacional) started in November. The winner of the National Stage was promoted to the Liga 1 and the runner-up was promoted to the Liga 2.

The format used in this soccer competition was created by the Chilean Leandro A. Shara.

On 23 August 2022, it was announced that starting from 2023, the Copa Perú would only give promotion to Liga 2 due to the reforms of Peruvian football by the FPF, meaning that this Copa Perú edition was the last that awarded its winning team promotion to the Peruvian top flight.
Yuya Hozumi
Yuya Hozumi (Japanese: 保住 有哉, Hepburn: Hozumi Yūya; born 14 December 1993) is a Japanese voice actor and singer from Fukushima Prefecture, affiliated with High Pine. He is known for portraying Uta Outa in Actors: Songs Connection, Keyarga in Redo of Healer, and Gildan in Seven Knights. In addition to voice acting, he is also a member of the musical group SparQlew.

Redo of Healer
Redo of Healer (Japanese: 回復術士のやり直し 〜即死魔法とスキルコピーの超越ヒール〜, Hepburn: Kaifuku Jutsushi no Yarinaoshi: Sokushi Mahō to Sukiru Kopī no Chōetsu Hīru; lit. "The Healer's Do-Over: Transcendent Healing Through Insta-Kill Magic and Skill Copying"), also known in Japan as KaiYari for short, is a Japanese light novel series written by Rui Tsukiyo and illustrated by Shiokonbu. It began serialization online in December 2016 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō. It was later acquired by Kadokawa Shoten, who have published the series since July 2017 under their Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko imprint.

A manga adaptation with art by Sōken Haga has been serialized online via Kadokawa Shoten's Young Ace Up website since October 2017. An anime television series adaptation by TNK aired from January to March 2021.
Sadie Frost
Sadie Liza Frost (née Vaughan; born 19 June 1965) is an English actress, producer and fashion designer. Her credits as an actress include Empire State (1987), Diamond Skulls, also known as Dark Obsession (1989), Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992), The Krays (1990), Magic Hunter (1994), Shopping (1994), A Pyromaniac's Love Story (1995), Flypaper (1997), Final Cut (1998), Captain Jack (1999), Love, Honour and Obey (2000), Beyond the Rave (2008), Molly Moon and the Incredible Book of Hypnotism (2015), and A Bird Flew In (2021).

She later turned to directing with Quant (2021), and Twiggy (2025).

Magic Hunter
Magic Hunter (Hungarian: Bűvös vadász, German: Freischütz) is a 1994 Hungarian-Swiss-French fantasy film  written and directed by Ildikó Enyedi and loosely inspired by the opera Der Freischütz.

The film was entered into the main competition at the 51st edition of the Venice Film Festival.
Jubilee Plot
The Jubilee Plot was a supposed assassination attempt by radical Irish nationalists on Queen Victoria during the  Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, on 20 June 1887. Those who presented the idea of a plot claimed that the radicals intended to blow up Westminster Abbey, Queen Victoria and half the British Cabinet. The story was closely connected to a set of forged letters by Richard Pigott, which attempted to implicate Charles Stuart Parnell with supporting physical force Irish republicanism.

Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
The Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria was celebrated on 20 and 21 June 1887 to mark the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession on 20 June 1837. It was celebrated with a Thanksgiving Service at Westminster Abbey, and a banquet to which 50 European kings and princes were invited.
Subrat Dutta
Subrata Dutta (born 16 November 1975) is an actor who appears in Indian films. He is best known for his role in Bollywood films like Talaash, Tango Charlie, Zameen, The Shaukeens, Rakhcharitra, Bhootnath Returns and Bengali films Chaturanga, Bibar and Jor.

Chaturanga (film)
Chaturanga (transl. Four Chapters) is a 2008 Indian Bengali-language film directed by  Suman Mukherjee, starring Rituparna Sengupta, Dhritiman Chaterji, Subrata Dutta, Joy Sengupta and Kabir Suman. Based on the 1916 novel, Chaturanga, by author Rabindranath Tagore the film is about a love caught between conflicting worlds of ideas.
Bressou sea catfish
The Bressou sea catfish (Notarius quadriscutis), also called the marine catfish, is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Achille Valenciennes in 1840, originally under the genus Arius. It inhabits tropical marine, brackish and freshwater on the Atlantic coast of South America, ranging from Guyana to Brazil. It reaches a maximum total length of 50 cm (20 in), but more commonly reaches a TL of 30 cm (12 in).

The diet of the Bressou sea catfish consists of benthic invertebrates. It is preyed on by the Gillbacker sea catfish (listed as Arius parkeri on FishBase) and the Crucifix sea catfish (listed as Hexanematichthys proops). It is of minor commercial interest to fisheries; it is sold fresh in markets within its region, and exported frozen.

The Bressou sea catfish spawns between the months of September–November. The eggs are incubated in the mouths of males.

Crucifix sea catfish
The crucifix sea catfish (Sciades proops) — also known as the Christfish, the crucifix/crucifex catfish, the crucifixfish, or the gillbacker, — is a species of catfish in the family Ariidae.

This fish was described by Achille Valenciennes in 1840, originally under the genus Bagrus. It inhabits  marine, brackish and freshwaters ranging from Brazil to Colombia. It reaches a maximum total length of 100 cm (39 in), more commonly reaching a TL of 50 cm (20 in). It reaches a maximum weight of 9 kg (20 lb). Its maximum known life expectancy is 4 years.

The crucifix sea catfish spawns from October–May. It is harvested by commercial fisheries, and its meat is marketed fresh.
H-TCP
H-TCP is another implementation of TCP with an optimized congestion control algorithm for high-speed networks with high latency (LFN: Long Fat Networks). It was created by researchers at the Hamilton Institute in Ireland.

H-TCP is an optional module in Linux since kernel version 2.6, and has been implemented for FreeBSD 7.

TCP congestion control
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a congestion control algorithm that includes various aspects of an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) scheme, along with other schemes including slow start and a congestion window (CWND), to achieve congestion avoidance. The TCP congestion-avoidance algorithm is the primary basis for congestion control in the Internet. Per the end-to-end principle, congestion control is largely a function of internet hosts, not the network itself. There are several variations and versions of the algorithm implemented in protocol stacks of operating systems of computers that connect to the Internet.

To avoid congestive collapse, TCP uses a multi-faceted congestion-control strategy. For each connection, TCP maintains a CWND, limiting the total number of unacknowledged packets that may be in transit end-to-end. This is somewhat analogous to TCP's sliding window used for flow control.
Gymnosphaera gigantea
Gymnosphaera gigantea, synonyms Alsophila gigantea and Cyathea gigantea, is a species of tree fern native to northeastern to southern India, Sri Lanka, Nepal to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula, as well as central Sumatra and western Java. It grows in moist open areas at an elevation of 600–1000 m. The trunk of this species is erect and may be as tall as 5 m or more. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and usually 2–3 m long. The rachis is long, dark to black in colouration and rough in appearance after the fall of scales. These scales are dark brown, glossy and have a narrow paler margin and fragile edges. Sori are round and indusia absent.

Large and Braggins (2004) noted that G. gigantea is very similar to G. glabra and appears to form part of a complex that also includes G. podophylla and G.subdubia. Further study is needed to determine the nature of the relationship between these taxa.

The specific epithet gigantea refers, at least in part, to the large fronds.

Gymnosphaera glabra
Gymnosphaera glabra, synonyms Alsophila glabra and Cyathea glabra, is a species of tree fern native to Borneo, western Java, Sumatra, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, and the Malay Peninsula, where it grows in lowland swamp forest and montane forest at an elevation of up to 1500 m. The trunk of this plant is erect and 2–4 m tall. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1–2 m in length. Characteristically of this species, the lowest pinnae may be significantly reduced. The stipe is very dark and bears basal scales. These scales are dark, glossy and have a paler margin and fragile edges. Sori are produced in groups of one to three on fertile pinnule veins. They lack indusia.

Large and Braggins (2004) noted that G. glabra is very similar to Gymnosphaera gigantea and appears to form part of a complex that also includes G. podophylla and G. subdubia. Further study is needed to determine the nature of the relationship between these taxa.
Catherine Cannuli
Catherine Cannuli (born 3 March 1986) is an Australian soccer coach and former player who is coach of the Western Sydney Wanderers in the W-League. She played national league football in the Women's National Soccer League for the NSW Sapphires and the W-League for Sydney FC, Brisbane Roar and Western Sydney Wanderers. She also played for Inter Lions in the NSW Women's Premier League. She also played four times for Australia.

NSW Sapphires FC
The NSW Sapphires (formerly known as the NSW Institute of Sport) were a women's association football club that represented the State of New South Wales in the Women's National Soccer League which ran between 1996 and 2004. Throughout the 9 seasons that the competition ran, the Sapphires won 3 Championships and were also runners up on 3 occasions, making them one of the most successful teams in the short-lived league.

The NSW Sapphires had several players who would go onto represent the Matildas at international level, in addition to winning the prestigious Julie Dolan Medal.
Should Husbands Work?
Should Husbands Work? is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Gus Meins and written by Taylor Caven and Jack Townley. The film stars James Gleason, Lucile Gleason, Russell Gleason, Harry Davenport, Berton Churchill and Marie Wilson. The film was released on July 26, 1939, by Republic Pictures.

Harry Davenport (actor)
Harold George Bryant Davenport (January 19, 1866 – August 9, 1949) was an American film and stage actor who worked in show business from the age of six until his death. After a long and prolific Broadway career, he came to Hollywood in the 1930s, where he often played grandfathers, judges, doctors, and ministers. His roles include Dr. Meade in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Grandpa in Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). Bette Davis once called Davenport "without a doubt [. . .] the greatest character actor of all time."
Flight to Tangier
Flight to Tangier is a 1953 American action film directed by Charles Marquis Warren and starring Joan Fontaine, Jack Palance, and Corinne Calvet. It was released by Paramount Pictures in Technicolor and 3-D.

This film also appeared in No Country for Old Men (2007) which, like Flight to Tangier, was then owned by Paramount Pictures (via Miramax and Paramount Vantage).

Corinne Calvet
Corinne Calvet (April 30, 1925 – June 23, 2001), born Corinne Dibos, was a French actress who appeared mostly in American films. According to one obituary, she was promoted "as a combination of Marlene Dietrich and Rita Hayworth", but her persona failed to live up to this description, though the fault lay partially with a string of mediocre films. She eventually became better known for her turbulent private life and some well-publicised legal battles.
Aryan (1988 film)
Aryan is a 1988 Indian Malayalam-language action crime film directed by Priyadarshan and written by T. Damodaran. The film stars Mohanlal, Ramya Krishnan, Sharat Saxena, Shobana, Sreenivasan, Gavin Packard, M. G. Soman, and Goga Kapoor. It was produced by Mohanlal and Century Kochumon through the company Cheers Films.

Aryan tells the tale of an underworld battle and family bonds through the main character Devanarayanan, who arrives in Bombay with nothing and rises to become a gangster in a powerful crime gang.

Mohanlal won the Kerala State Film Award – Special Jury Award for his performance in the film. The film was dubbed in Hindi as Aaryan Mera Naam. Aryan and was remade in Tamil as Dravidan (1989), in Telugu as Ashoka Chakravarthy (1989), and in Kannada as Chakravarthy (1990). Saxena reprised his role in all the versions.

Dravidan (film)
Dravidan is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by R. Krishnamoorthy, starring Sathyaraj, Vidhyashree and Suparna Anand. It is a remake of the 1988 Malayalam film Aryan. The film was released on 28 October 1989, Diwali day.
Xanthine oxidase
Xanthine oxidase (XO or XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.  These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans.

Xanthine oxidase is defined as an enzyme activity (EC 1.17.3.2).  The same protein, which in humans has the HGNC approved gene symbol XDH, can also have xanthine dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.17.1.4).  Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.

Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates, such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. High blood concentrations of uric acid can lead to gout and are associated with other medical conditions, including diabetes and the formation of ammonium acid urate kidney stones.
Kottarakkara
Kottarakkara (IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and municipality in the Kollam district of Kerala, India. Kottarakkara lies 27 kilometres (17 mi) to the east of Kollam city centre.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Aaj Ki Baat
Aaj Ki Baat is a 1955 Hindi language Bollywood film directed by Leela Chitnis which began filming in 1953 as the first film of her entity "Leela Chitnis Productions", and stars Bipin Gupta, Manmohan Krishna, and Sunder.

Leela Chitnis
Leela Chitnis (née Nagarkar; 9 September 1909 – 14 July 2003) was an Indian actress in the Indian film industry, active from the 1930s to the 1980s. In her early years she starred as a romantic lead, but she is best remembered for her later roles playing a virtuous and upright mother to leading stars.
Arrowhead Intermediaries
Arrowhead Intermediaries is an insurance distribution company operating across multiple markets through three divisions: wholesale, program administration, and specialty. The platform brings together several of Brown & Brown’s existing operations — including Bridge Specialty Group, Arrowhead Programs, and One80 Intermediaries — under a single brand identity. The company provides services to insurance carriers, brokers, and other participants in the insurance industry.

Brown & Brown
Brown & Brown, Inc. is an American insurance brokerage firm headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida. It is one of the largest independent insurance intermediaries in the United States, providing risk management solutions, insurance products, and services to businesses, governmental institutions, professional organizations, trade associations, and individuals.

As of 2023, Brown & Brown is ranked among the top 10 largest insurance brokerages globally by revenue.

The company emphasizes a culture of integrity, innovation, superior capabilities and discipline.
Scandal in Baden-Baden
Scandal in Baden-Baden (German: Skandal in Baden-Baden) is a 1929 German silent drama film directed by Erich Waschneck and starring Brigitte Helm, Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur and Henry Stuart. It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios in Berlin and on location in Baden-Baden. The film's sets were designed by the art director Erich Czerwonski.

Brigitte Helm
Brigitte Helm (born Brigitte Gisela Eva Schittenhelm, 17 March 1908 – 11 June 1996) was a German actress, best remembered for her dual role as Maria and her double named Futura, in Fritz Lang's 1927 silent film, Metropolis.
Warren Klein
Warren Klein (born July 27, 1944) is an American musician and songwriter, best known for being a founding member and lead guitarist of The Factory with Lowell George (produced by Frank Zappa), as a member of Fraternity of Man (Don't Bogart Me), and for being a guitarist in the Stooges with Iggy Pop in the spring of 1973.

Fraternity of Man
The Fraternity of Man was an American blues rock and psychedelic rock group from the 1960s. They are most famous for their song "Don't Bogart Me" (a.k.a. "Don't Bogart That Joint"), which was released on LP in 1968, and subsequently used in the 1969 road movie Easy Rider. The original members included three musicians from Lowell George's band The Factory – Richie Hayward (later of Little Feat), Warren Klein, and Martin Kibbee – who joined Elliot Ingber from the Mothers of Invention and Lawrence "Stash" Wagner. Blues leads were handled by Ingber, and psychedelic leads were played by Klein, including "Oh No I Don't Believe It" (widely attributed to Ingber due to his association with the Mothers). The band broke up after recording two albums.
Meenu Gaur
Meenu Gaur is a London-based British-Indian director and screenwriter. She is best known for her 2013 Pakistani film Zinda Bhaag which she co-wrote and co-directed with Farjad Nabi. The film was an entry to the foreign film category at the Oscars. She is presently working on a feature film titled 'Barzakh: Between Heaven and Hell' supported by the Locarno International Film Festival's Open Doors Hub Programme. She has also been part of Berlinale Talents and the NIPKOW film residency in Berlin, supported by Berlinale and Medienboard. Recently, SOAS, University of London installed her portrait on the school walls as part of the Alumni Series that celebrates notable alumni.

Farjad Nabi
Farjad Nabi (Urdu: فرجاد نبی) is a Pakistani writer, film producer, director, cinematographer and documentary maker. His 2013 feature film Zinda Bhaag, co-written and co-directed with Meenu Gaur, became the first Pakistani film in over fifty years to be submitted for consideration in the 'Foreign Language Film Award’ category at the 86th Academy Awards. He rose to prominence in 1997, when his debut film Nusrat has left the building...But When? won the Second Best Film Award at Film South Asia, Kathmandu. In 1999 his second film No One Believes the Professor won the Best Film Award at the Film South Asia Festival.
Robert Ri'chard
Robert Andrew Ri'chard (born January 7, 1983) is an American actor, known for his roles as Bobby Walker on the Nickelodeon sitcom Cousin Skeeter (1998–2002), and as Arnaz Ballard on the UPN sitcom One on One (2001–2006). He received Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming for performance in the made-for-television movie In His Father's Shoes (1998), and NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress for the 1999 teen drama film, Light It Up.

Ri'chard starred in the sports drama film Coach Carter and the horror film, House of Wax in 2005. He later played the lead in the stripper drama film Chocolate City (2015) and its sequel, Chocolate City: Vegas Strip (2017), and in the erotic drama film, Kinky (2018).

Chocolate City (film)
Chocolate City is a 2015 American comedy-drama film directed and written by filmmaker Jean-Claude La Marre. The film stars Robert Ri'chard, Michael Jai White, Carmen Electra and Vivica A. Fox. The film centers on a struggling college student whose life changes when he tries amateur night at a male strip club. This film was shot in Inglewood, California and was released in a limited release and through video on demand outlets on May 22, 2015.

A 2017 sequel named Chocolate City: Vegas Strip is available on Netflix.
SLOSS debate
The SLOSS debate was a debate in ecology and conservation biology during the 1970's and 1980's as to whether a single large or several small (SLOSS) reserves were a superior means of conserving biodiversity in a fragmented habitat. Since its inception, multiple alternate theories have been proposed. There have been applications of the concept outside of the original context of habitat conservation.

Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the study of the conservation of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on natural and social sciences, and the practice of natural resource management.

The conservation ethic is based on the findings of conservation biology.
Giangentile di Lorenzo
Giangentile di Lorenzo (active 16th century) was an Italian painter. Along with his two brothers, Antonio and Sanseverino, he learned his craft initially from his father the painter Lorenzo d'Alessandro of Sanseverino. In the town of Sanseverino, Ricci claims they likely came in contact with Pinturicchio. Antonio and Giangentile painted a Madonna and St Martin (1560) for the San Severino Cathedral; they also painted for the church of Santa Maria Assunta, Sarnano. Giangentile also painted a Madonna and Child for the church of the Madonna dei Lumi, San Severino Marche. He is said to have died on 19 December 1576.

Lorenzo d'Alessandro
Lorenzo d’Alessandro (c. 1455 – 1503) was an Italian painter and interpreter of late gothic style. He is known by different authorities and authors by different names, including:

Lorenzo da San Severino or Sanseverino

Lorenzo d’Alessandro da Sanseverino

Lorenzo Salimbeni