hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Diet
The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh-eating is an 1883 book by English humanitarian Howard Williams, published by F. Pitman and John Heywood. It presents a chronological anthology of historical figures who criticised meat-eating, including philosophers, poets, physicians, and reformers, compiling moral and philosophical arguments against animal consumption from antiquity to the nineteenth century. Originally serialised in The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger, it was later issued in book form.

The book contributed to early debates on the ethics of eating meat and to the growth of the Victorian vegetarian movement. It influenced figures such as Henry S. Salt, Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Jaime de Magalhães Lima. The work has since been recognised as a foundational text in the history of vegetarianism and has been reissued in several revised and translated editions.

Henry Stephens Salt
Henry Shakespear Stephens Salt (/sɔːlt, sɒlt/; 20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was a British writer and social reformer. He campaigned for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a noted ethical vegetarian, anti-vivisectionist, socialist, and pacifist, and was well known as a literary critic, biographer, classical scholar and naturalist. It was Salt who introduced Mohandas Gandhi to the works of Henry David Thoreau, and influenced Gandhi's study of vegetarianism. Salt is considered, by some, to be the "father of animal rights", having been one of the first writers to argue explicitly in favour of animal rights, rather than just improvements to animal welfare, in his book Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress (1892).
Musikviertel
Musikviertel (English: Music quarter) is a neighbourhood in Leipzig, Germany. The Musikviertel is part of the locality Zentrum-Süd in the borough of Leipzig-Mitte.The name goes back to the first music institutions built in the neighbourhood, the second Gewandhaus (alias Neues Concerthaus) and the new building of the Royal Conservatory of Music. Several streets in the neighbourhood are named after composers, which is why the term musicians' quarter is used – incorrectly. Characteristic of the Musikviertel is the large number of buildings of historicism; numerous buildings are listed as Kulturdenkmal. Since 1991, an ensemble monument and preservation statute has been in force for the entire neigbourhood. It has an area of around 40 hectares (99 acres) and about 5,000 inhabitants.

Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
The Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst (HGB) or Academy of Fine Arts Leipzig is one of the oldest art schools in Germany, dating back to 1764.

The academy has four colleges specializing in fine arts, graphic design, photography and new media art with around 500 students.

It is the home of two notable modern-art movements, the so-called Leipzig School and New Leipzig School.
Mansukh C. Wani
Mansukh C. Wani, (died 2020), was a principal scientist (emeritus) at the Research Triangle Institute in North Carolina. He was co-discoverer of Taxol and camptothecin, two anti-cancer drugs considered standard in the treatment to fight ovarian, breast, lung and colon cancers. In 2000, Wani received an award for applied research in medicine, the Charles F. Kettering Prize, from the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation.

Wani was born in Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India. He attended the University of Bombay, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1947 (in chemistry) and a master's in 1950 (in organic chemistry). He moved to the United States in 1958, and received his PhD from Indiana University Bloomington in 1962, when he joined Research Triangle Institute. He used to live in Durham, North Carolina. He died on 11 April 2020.

RTI International
Research Triangle Institute, operating as RTI International, is a nonprofit organization headquartered in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina, USA. RTI provides research and technical services. It was founded in 1958 with $500,000 in funding from local businesses and the three North Carolina universities that form the Research Triangle. RTI research has covered topics like HIV/AIDS, healthcare, education curriculum and the environment.
Sun Odyssey 42.1
The Sun Odyssey 42.1 is a French sailboat that was designed by Daniel Andrieu as cruiser and first built in 1992.

The Sun Odyssey 42.1 replaced the unrelated 1990 Sun Odyssey 42 design in production. It was followed by a series of other designs which all had similar names and intended markets, including the 1995 Sun Odyssey 42.2, the 1996 Sun Odyssey 42 CC, the 2005 Sun Odyssey 42i and the 2007 Sun Odyssey 42 DS.

Sun Odyssey 42.2
The Sun Odyssey 42.2 is a French sailboat that was designed by Guy Ribadeau Dumas as an offshore cruiser and first built in 1995.

The boat is one of a series of designs with similar names and intended markets, including the 1990 Sun Odyssey 42, 1992 Sun Odyssey 42.1, the 1996 Sun Odyssey 42 CC, the 2005 Sun Odyssey 42i and the 2007 Sun Odyssey 42 DS.

The Sun Odyssey 42.2 is derived from the Voyage 12.5 and uses the same hull design as the Sun Odyssey 42 CC.
Mahishasura
Mahishasura (Sanskrit: महिषासुर, IAST: Mahiṣāsura) is a bovine asura in Hinduism. He is depicted in Hindu literature as a deceitful demon who pursued his evil ways by shape-shifting. Mahishasura was the son of the asura Rambha and the brother of buffalo-demoness named Mahishi. He was ultimately killed by the goddess Durga with her trishula (trident) after which she gained the epithet Mahishasuramardini ("Slayer of Mahishasura"). Mahishasura had a son named Gajasura.

The Navaratri ("Nine Nights") festival eulogises this battle between Mahishasura and Durga, culminating in Vijayadashami, a celebration of his ultimate defeat. This story of the "triumph of good over evil" carries profound symbolism in Hinduism, particularly Shaktism, and is both narrated as well as reenacted from the Devi Mahatmya at many South and Southeast Asian Hindu temples.

The Mahishasura Mardini Stotra by Adi Shankara was written to commemorate her legend.

Navaratri
Navaratri (Sanskrit: नवरात्रि, romanized: Navarātri) is an annual Hindu festival observed in honor of the goddess Durga, an aspect of Adi Parashakti, the supreme goddess. It spans over nine nights, first in the month of Chaitra (March/April of the Gregorian calendar), and again in the month of Ashvin (September–October). It is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of the Hindu - Indian cultural sphere. Theoretically, there are four seasonal Navaratris. However, in practice, it is the post-monsoon autumn festival called Sharada Navaratri. There are also two additional Navaratris as well, in Shukla Paksha of the Magha Month (Magha Gupta Navaratri) and another in the Shukla Paksha of Ashadha Month.
Steven T. Murray
Steven T. Murray (1943–2018) was an American translator from Swedish, German, Danish, and Norwegian. He worked under the pseudonyms Reg Keeland and McKinley Burnett when edited into UK English. He translated the bestselling Millennium series by Stieg Larsson, three crime novels and two African novels by Henning Mankell, three psychological suspense novels by Karin Alvtegen, and works by many other authors. In 2001 he won the Gold Dagger Award in the UK for his translation of Sidetracked by Henning Mankell.

Henning Mankell
Henning Georg Mankell (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈhɛ̂nːɪŋ ˈmǎŋːkɛl]; 3 February 1948 – 5 October 2015) was a Swedish crime writer, children's author, and dramatist, best known for a series of mystery novels starring his most noted creation, Inspector Kurt Wallander. He also wrote a number of plays and screenplays for television.

He was a left-wing social critic and activist. In his books and plays he constantly highlighted social inequality issues and injustices in Sweden and abroad. In 2010, Mankell was on board one of the ships in the Gaza Freedom Flotilla that was boarded by Israeli commandos. He was below deck on the MV Mavi Marmara when nine civilians were killed in international waters.

Mankell shared his time between Sweden and countries in Africa, mostly Mozambique where he started a theatre. He made considerable donations to charity organizations, mostly connected to Africa.
Antonio Lefebvre d'Ovidio
Antonio Lefebvre d'Ovidio di Balsorano di Clunières (1913 – 5 February 2011) was an Italian lawyer and businessman of a noble origin, and the founder of Silversea Cruises.

In Italy, he is referred to as the father of modern maritime law.

Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio
Manfredi Lefebvre d'Ovidio de Clunieres di Balsorano (born 30 April 1953) is an Italian–Monegasque billionaire businessman. He is the former Executive Chairman of Silversea Cruises, a company founded by his father. In June 2018, he sold two-thirds of the company to Royal Caribbean for US$1 billion, retaining a one-third stake in the company.

Currently he is the Executive Chairman of Abercrombie & Kent Travel Group, the travel conglomerate that owns Abercrombie & Kent, Crystal Cruises, Ecoventura Galapagos, Cox & Kings.

As of February 2026, Forbes estimated his net worth at $2.3 billion.
Vukatanë
Vukatanë is a settlement in the former Guri i Zi municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Shkodër.

Situated about 3.3 km from Shkodër, in Albania.  Vukatana is located in the southern side of the town on the banks of the Drin river, which is the longest river in Albania.

Guri i Zi, Shkodër
Guri i Zi (Engl. "black stone") is a village and a former municipality in the Shkodër County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the Shkodër municipality. The population at the 2011 census was 8,085.
Sonia Yaco
Sonia Yaco was the 1972 Human Rights Party candidate for the Ann Arbor, Michigan, school board. When she ran for office at the age of fifteen, she was the youngest documented candidate ever for a publicly elected school board seat in the United States.

Human Rights Party (United States)
The Human Rights Party (HRP) was a left-wing political party that existed in Michigan from 1970 to 1977. The party achieved electoral success in Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti. It eventually expanded to include several other Michigan cities with large student populations. In 1975, the HRP became the Socialist Human Rights Party (SHRP), and it later merged with the Socialist Party of Michigan.
Busan Transportation Corporation FC
Busan Transportation Corporation Football Club (Korean: 부산 교통공사 축구단) is a semi-professional South Korean football club based in the city of Busan. The club plays in the K3 League, the third tier of football in South Korea. They are owned and operated by Busan Transportation Corporation and play their home games at the Busan Gudeok Stadium, one of the venues for the 1988 Summer Olympics.

Busan Gudeok Stadium
The Busan Gudeok Stadium (Korean: 부산 구덕 운동장) is a multi-purpose stadium in Busan, South Korea. The stadium is used mostly for football matches and can accommodate 12,349 spectators. The venue opened in September 1928 as Busan Municipal Stadium (부산 공설 운동장). During the 1988 Summer Olympics, it hosted some of the football matches. It was also the main venue for the 1997 East Asian Games, hosting the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as the athletics and football competitions. Football club Busan IPark played their home games at the venue between 1983 and 2002. Additionally, Busan Transport Corporation have played their home games at the venue since 2006.
Ray Longo
Ray Longo is a mixed martial arts (MMA) coach, stunt man and actor. Considered one of the top coaches in MMA, he is the head coach of the Serra-Longo fight team. He has trained and cornered four UFC Champions: Matt Serra, Chris Weidman, Aljamain Sterling and the former bantamweight champion Merab Dvalishvili.

Serra-Longo Fight Team
Serra-Longo Fight Team is a mixed martial arts team based on Long Island, New York that was formed by Matt Serra and Ray Longo. The team has two gyms operating under it, Serra BJJ Academy and Longo-Weidman MMA. It has produced four UFC champions, Matt Serra (former UFC Welterweight Champion), Chris Weidman (former UFC Middleweight Champion), Aljamain Sterling (former UFC Bantamweight Champion) and Merab Dvalishvili (former UFC Bantamweight Champion).
NorthTec
NorthTec (Tai Tokerau Wānanga) is a tertiary education provider in northern New Zealand, with its main campus in Raumanga, Whangārei. NorthTec provides programmes ranging from foundation, certificate, diploma and degree levels. The degrees are nationally monitored and so can lead to postgraduate study at universities and other organisations. NorthTec works closely with local and national industries.

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
Hi! Pristin
Hi! Pristin (stylized in all caps) is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group Pristin. It was released on March 21, 2017, by Pledis Entertainment, and distributed by LOEN Entertainment. The EP consists of six songs, including the singles "Wee Woo" and "Black Widow". In order to promote the album, the group performed on several Korean music shows.

Black Widow (Pristin song)
Black Widow is a song recorded by South Korean girl group Pristin for their first EP Hi! Pristin (2017). It was remixed and then released as the album's second single on May 19, 2017. The song was written by members Roa and Sungyeon, as well as Simon Petrén and Ylva Dimberg.
Art of Noise
Art of Noise (also the Art of Noise) were a British avant-garde and electronic group formed in early 1983 by engineer/producer Gary Langan and programmer J. J. Jeczalik, along with keyboardist/arranger Anne Dudley, producer Trevor Horn, and music journalist Paul Morley. The group had international Top 20 hits with its interpretations of "Kiss", featuring Tom Jones, and the instrumental "Peter Gunn", which won a 1986 Grammy Award.

The group's mostly instrumental compositions were novel melodic sound collages based on digital sampler technology, which was new at the time. Inspired by turn-of-the-20th-century revolutions in music, the Art of Noise were initially packaged as a faceless anti- or non-group, blurring the distinction between the art and its creators. The band is noted for innovative use of electronics and computers in pop music, particularly its innovative use of sampling.

Paul Morley
Paul Robert Morley (born 26 March 1957) is an English music journalist. He wrote for the New Musical Express from 1977 to 1983, and has since written for a wide range of publications and written his own books. He was a co-founder of the record label ZTT Records and was a member of the synthpop group Art of Noise. He has also been a band manager, promoter, and television presenter.
Uravan, Colorado
Uravan (a contraction of uranium/vanadium) is a former uranium mining town in western Montrose County, Colorado, United States, which still appears on some maps. The town was a company town established by U. S. Vanadium Corporation in 1936 to extract the rich vanadium ore in the region. As a byproduct of vanadium extraction, small amounts of uranium were also produced, at the time mostly used as a yellow pigment for ceramics.

The town was located approximately 90 miles (140 km) south-southwest of Grand Junction along the San Miguel River.  At one time, over 800 people lived in Uravan, and the town housed a school, a trading center (store), medical facilities, tennis courts, a recreation center, and a pool.  The school and some other facilities remained operational until at least 1983; however, Uravan was shut down by mid-1985, and no traces of its former buildings remain. Uravan is now an uninhabited, undeveloped Superfund site.

San Miguel River (Colorado)
The San Miguel River is a tributary of the Dolores River, approximately 81 miles (130 km) long, in southwestern Colorado in the United States. It rises in the San Juan Mountains southeast of Telluride and flows northwest, along the southern slope of the Uncompahgre Plateau, past the towns of Placerville and Nucla and joins the Dolores in western Montrose County approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of the state line with Utah.
Joe Jeffrey Group
The Joe Jeffrey Group was an American rhythm and blues band. Their best-known song was "My Pledge Of Love", which reached No. 14 hit on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1969.

The group was made up of Joe Jeffrey (born Joseph Stafford Jr., Cleveland, Ohio; vocals, guitar), Al Russ (bass), Charles Perry (percussion) and Ron Browning (drums).

My Pledge of Love
"My Pledge of Love" is a song written and performed by singer-songwriter Joe Stafford, Jr. of the American rhythm-and-blues band Joe Jeffrey Group. It was released in April 1969, as the group's first single, and was produced by Jerry Meyers and Alan Klein. It appeared on the group's only album My Pledge of Love, which was released in 1974.
The Sum of All Fears
The Sum of All Fears is a political thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and released on August 14, 1991, as the sequel to Clear and Present Danger (1989). The main character Jack Ryan, who is now the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, tries to stop a crisis concerning the Middle East peace process wherein Palestinian and former East German terrorists conspire to bring the United States and Soviet Union into a nuclear war. It debuted at number one on the New York Times bestseller list.

A film adaptation, which is a reboot of the Jack Ryan film series and starring Ben Affleck as the younger iteration of the CIA analyst, was released on May 31, 2002.

Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
The deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA) is a statutory office (50 U.S.C. § 3037) and the second-highest official of the Central Intelligence Agency. The DD/CIA assists the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) and is authorized to exercise the powers of the D/CIA when the director's position is vacant or in the director's absence or disability.

Under current law, the deputy director is appointed by the president of the United States and is not required to be confirmed by the United States Senate.
Falcon Lake (film)
Falcon Lake is a 2022 coming-of-age drama film, directed and co-written by Charlotte Le Bon. Adapted from the graphic novel Une sœur by Bastien Vivès, the film stars Joseph Engel as Bastien, a 13-year-old boy from Paris, France, on a family vacation in Quebec, where he meets and develops a relationship with Chloé (Sara Montpetit), the 16-year-old daughter of his mother's friend Louise (Karine Gonthier-Hyndman). The cast also includes Monia Chokri as Bastien's mother Violette, as well as Jeff Roop, Pierre-Luc Lafontaine, and Thomas Laperrière in supporting roles.

Sara Montpetit
Sara Montpetit (born 2001 or 2002) is a French Canadian actress and environmental activist from Quebec. She is most noted for her performance in the 2021 film Maria Chapdelaine, for which she won the Prix Iris for Revelation of the Year at the 24th Quebec Cinema Awards.
Ishwak Singh
Ishwak Singh (born 18 November 1989) is an Indian actor who works in Hindi-language television series and films. Following small roles in several films, he became known for starring in the series Paatal Lok (2020–2025) and Rocket Boys (2022–2023), receiving nominations for the Filmfare OTT Awards. He has also starred in the second season of Made in Heaven and in the spy thriller film Berlin, both in 2023.

Made in Heaven (TV series)
Made In Heaven is an Indian romantic drama television series that premiered on Amazon Prime Video on 8 March 2019. Produced by Excel Entertainment, the series chronicles the lives of Tara and Karan, two wedding planners in Delhi running an agency named Made in Heaven. The series is Amazon Video’s fourth original fictional Indian series and stars Sobhita Dhulipala, Arjun Mathur, Jim Sarbh, Shashank Arora, Kalki Koechlin, Shivani Raghuvanshi and Mona Singh.

Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti created the show, and they wrote it with Alankrita Shrivastava. Akhtar, Shrivastava, Nitya Mehra, and Prashant Nair served as directors for the nine episodes of the first season. Work on the second season was to begin in April 2020 but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Filming for the second season of the show was wrapped in April 2022. The second season was released on 10 August 2023.
Harriet Backer
Harriet Backer (21 January 1845 – 25 March 1932) was a Norwegian painter who achieved recognition in her own time and was a pioneer among female artists both in the Nordic countries and in Europe generally. She is best known for her detailed interior scenes, communicated with rich colors and the interplay of light and shadow.

Eilif Peterssen
Hjalmar Eilif Emanuel Peterssen (4 September 1852 – 29 December 1928) was a Norwegian painter. He is most commonly associated with his landscapes and portraits. He gained early recognition for the history painting Christian II signing the Death Warrant of Torben Oxe and established himself as one of Norway's foremost portrait painters, with portraits of, among others, Henrik Ibsen and Edvard Grieg. He also became known for his landscape paintings, and became part of the artist circle known as the Skagen Painters. He also became known for his design in 1905 of Norway's national coat of arms with the Norwegian lion, which was used by the government and the royal house. The design is still used in the royal coat of arms and the royal flag.
Progalesaurus
Progalesaurus is an extinct genus of galesaurid cynodont from the early Triassic. Progalesaurus is known from a single fossil of the species Progalesaurus lootsbergensis, found in the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation. Close relatives of Progalesaurus, other galesaurids, include Galesaurus and Cynosaurus. Galesaurids appeared just before the Permian-Triassic extinction event, and disappeared from the fossil record in the Middle-Triassic.

The name "Progalesaurus" is derived from Greek: "pro" meaning before, "gale" meaning weasel or cat, and "saurus" meaning lizard or reptile. The name refers to the relationship Progalesaurus has to the more derived Galesaurus.

Cynosaurus
Cynosaurus is an extinct genus of cynodonts. Remains have been found from the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone in South Africa. Cynosaurus was first described by Richard Owen in 1876 as Cynosuchus suppostus. Cynosaurus has been found in the late Permian period. Cyno- is derived from the Greek word kyon for dog and –sauros in Greek meaning lizard.
Stanisław Leśniewski
Stanisław Leśniewski (Polish: [lɛɕˈɲɛfskʲi]; 30 March 1886 – 13 May 1939) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher and logician. A professor of mathematics at the University of Warsaw, he was a leading representative of the Lwów–Warsaw School of Logic and is known for coining and introducing the concept of mereology as part of a comprehensive framework for logic and mathematics.

Lwów–Warsaw school
The Lwów–Warsaw School (Polish: Szkoła Lwowsko-Warszawska) was an interdisciplinary school (mainly philosophy, logic and psychology) founded by Kazimierz Twardowski in 1895 in Lwów, Austro-Hungary (now Lviv, Ukraine).

Though its members represented a variety of disciplines, from mathematics through logic to psychology, the Lwów–Warsaw School is widely considered to have been a philosophical movement. It has produced some of the leading logicians of the twentieth century such as Jan Łukasiewicz, Stanisław Leśniewski, and Alfred Tarski, among others. Its members did not only contribute to the techniques of logic but also to various domains that belong to the philosophy of language.