hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Business International (TV programme)
Business International was a news television programme which aired on CNN International. It was anchored alternately by Adrian Finighan and Becky Anderson from CNN's London studios.

Business International was launched in 2001, initially as a twice-daily show co-presented by Becky Anderson and Richard Quest. As the title implies, it covered international business news.  During the programme, market reports would come from the London Stock Exchange.  However, in later years, the programme devoted more air time to breaking world news.

Between 2002 and 2004, the edition broadcast at 08:00 UK time was branded as Business Central and was presented by Richard Quest. This programme focused on financial news from Europe and Asia, and covered the opening of European financial markets.

The European evening edition of the programme, presented by Anderson, also had sports updates and a preview of the following day's newspaper headlines.

Richard Quest
Richard Austin Quest (born 9 March 1962) is a British journalist and non-practising barrister working as a news anchor for CNN International. He is also an editor-at-large of CNN Business.

He anchors Quest Means Business, the five-times-weekly business programme and fronts the CNN shows Business Traveller, The Express and Quest's World of Wonder.
Robert Hugh Benson
Robert Hugh Benson AFSC KC*SG KGCHS (18 November 1871 – 19 October 1914) was an English Catholic priest and writer. First an Anglican priest, he was received into the Catholic Church in 1903 and ordained therein the next year. He was also a prolific writer of fiction, writing the notable dystopian novel Lord of the World, as well as Come Rack! Come Rope!.

His output encompassed historical, horror and science fiction, contemporary fiction, children's stories, plays, apologetics, devotional works and articles. He continued his writing career at the same time as he progressed through the hierarchy to become a chamberlain to Pope Pius X in 1911 and gain the title of Monsignor before his death a few years later.

Lord of the World
Lord of the World is a 1907 dystopian science fiction novel by the English Catholic priest Robert Hugh Benson that centres upon the reign of the Antichrist, which is enabled by a movement towards global peace and the unification of religious and political thought. It has been called prophetic by Popes Benedict XVI, Francis, and Leo XIV.
Battler poetry
Battler poetry, also referred to as migrant-worker poetry (dagong shige / 打工诗歌 in Mandarin), is a literary movement originating from migrant workers in post-1980s industrial China. Stylistically heterogeneous and often published through unofficial channels, battler poetry documents the experiences of China's approximately 280 million rural-urban internal migrant workers.

Comparisons have been drawn between battler poetry and the wider lineage of 'Chinese workers' literature', though contemporary migrant workers in Southern China's Special Economic Zones occupy a very different social status and relationship with the Chinese state to those writing in the New Culture Movement in the post-revolutionary 1920s. Many battler poets' work also references Chinese classical poetry. Writers Eleanor Goodman and Qin Xiaoyu (秦晓宇) characterise the movement as "a head-on collision of traditional Chinese culture with an explosion of capitalism".

Xie Xiangnan
Xie Xiangnan (謝湘南) is a Chinese poet and member of the Post 70s Generation of Chinese avant-garde artists. He is often associated with the migrant-worker or battler poetry movement (dagong shige / 打工诗歌 in Mandarin), a working-class literary movement originating in post-socialist industrial China. Xie is the author of five poetry collections, including The History of Allergy and Poetic Life in Shenzhen. English translations of Xie's poetry may be found in the collection Iron Moon: An Anthology of Chinese Worker Poetry, edited by Qin Xiaoyu and translated by Eleanor Goodman.
Ondol
Ondol (ON-dol; /ˈɒn.dɒl/, Korean: 온돌; Hanja: 溫突/溫堗; Korean pronunciation: [on.dol]) or gudeul (구들; [ku.dɯl]) in Korean traditional architecture is underfloor heating that uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to heat the underside of a thick masonry floor. In modern usage, it refers to any type of underfloor heating, or to a hotel or a sleeping room in Korean (as opposed to Western) style.

The main components of the traditional ondol are an agungi (아궁이; [a.guŋ.i]), a firebox or stove, accessible from an adjoining room (typically kitchen or master bedroom), a raised masonry floor underlain by horizontal smoke passages, and a vertical, freestanding chimney on the opposite exterior wall providing a draft. The heated floor, supported by stone piers or baffles to distribute the smoke, is covered by stone slabs, clay and an impervious layer such as oiled paper.

Agungi
An agungi (Korean: 아궁이) is a firebox found in traditional Korean kitchens which is used to burn firewood or other fuel for cooking. It is also a part of the traditional floor heating system, or ondol. The flat cooktop counter or hearth installed over the agungi is called a buttumak (부뚜막).
Ira Landis
Ira David Landis (January 12, 1899 – February 27, 1977) was a Mennonite minister, amateur historian, and writer famous for his contributions to the Mennonite Research Journal and for founding the Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society and Hans Herr House museum. He also ran a farm with his wife in Lititz, PA. Landis was president of the Pennsylvania German Society for 1972.

Hans Herr House
The Hans Herr House, also known as the Christian Herr House, is a historic home located in West Lampeter Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1719, and is a 1+1⁄2-story, rectangular sandstone Germanic dwelling. It measures 37 feet, 9 inches, by 30 feet, 10 inches. It is the oldest dwelling in Lancaster County and the oldest Mennonite meetinghouse in America.
Hot Line (album)
Hot Line (subtitled The Tenor of Bill Barron) is an album by saxophonist Bill Barron which was recorded in 1962 and first released on the Savoy label. The album was also rereleased as The Hot Line under Booker Ervin's co-leadership.

Booker Ervin
Booker Telleferro Ervin II (October 31, 1930 – August 31, 1970) was an American tenor saxophone player. His tenor playing was characterised by a strong, tough sound and blues/gospel phrasing. He is remembered for his association with bassist Charles Mingus.
Luke Benward
Luke Aaron Benward (born May 12, 1995) is an American actor and singer. He is most known for his Disney Channel roles as Charlie in Minutemen (2008), Ryan in Girl vs. Monster (2012), and Will in Cloud 9 (2014). Benward played the role of Dillon in the Pretty Little Liars spin-off Ravenswood (2013–14) and Bo in the Netflix film Dumplin' (2018).  He recurred as Teddy's boyfriend, Beau, on the fourth and final season of the Disney Channel series Good Luck Charlie (2013).

Minutemen (film)
Minutemen is a 2008 science-fiction Disney Channel Original Movie. The movie was the most viewed program on American cable TV for the week ending January 27, 2008, with 6.48 million viewers.

The film was written by John Killoran (writing the teleplay) and David Diamond and David Weissman (writing the story) and directed by Lev L. Spiro, who received a Directors Guild nomination for Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programs for it. Andrew Gunn, Ann Marie Sanderlin and Doug Sloan are the executive producers. The movie was originally slated for release in March 2008, but the film premiered on Disney Channel in United States on January 25.
Akar-class replenishment oiler
The Akar class is a series of two replenishment oilers and fleet support ships, designed and built for service in the Turkish Navy. The lead ship of the class, TCG Akar, was constructed in 1982–1983 and entered service in 1987. The second ship, TCG Yarbay Kudret Güngör, was constructed in 1993–1994 and entered service in 1995. Both ships were constructed in Turkey, though Yarbay Kudret Güngör was the first ship built for the Turkish Navy by a private shipyard. Both vessels remain in service.

Replenishment oiler
A replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker is a naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds which can supply both fuel and dry stores during underway replenishment (UNREP) at sea. Many countries have used replenishment oilers.

The United States Navy's hull classification symbol for this type of ship was 'AOR' (Auxiliary Oil Replenishment). Replenishment oilers are slower and carry fewer dry stores than the US Navy's modern fast combat support ships, which carry the classification 'AOE'. In 2020 the US Navy began to develop a new type of ship, the 'AOL' or light replenishment oiler; construction of the first is planned for 2026.
French submarines of World War II
The French submarine fleet of World War II was one of the largest in the world at that time.  It saw action during the war but had a chequered service history due to France's position at that time.  During the conflict, 59 submarines, more than three-quarters of the fleet, were lost.

Sirène-class submarine (1925)
The Sirène-class submarines were a sub-class of the 600 Series built for the French Navy prior to World War II. There were four vessels in the class, built to a Loire-Simonot design. They were ordered in 1925 and completed by 1927. Three of the four boats of the Sirène class saw action during the Second World War, from September 1939 until the  French armistice in June 1940.
Monte Carlo methods for option pricing
In mathematical finance, a Monte Carlo option model uses Monte Carlo methods to calculate the value of an option with multiple sources of uncertainty or with complicated features. The first application to option pricing was by Phelim Boyle in 1977 (for European options).  In 1996, M. Broadie and P. Glasserman showed how to price Asian options by Monte Carlo.  An important development was the introduction in 1996 by Carriere of Monte Carlo methods for options with early exercise features.

Monte Carlo methods in finance
Monte Carlo methods are used in corporate finance and mathematical finance to value and analyze (complex) instruments, portfolios and investments by simulating the various sources of uncertainty affecting their value, and then determining the distribution of their value over the range of resultant outcomes. This is usually done by help of stochastic asset models. The advantage of Monte Carlo methods over other techniques increases as the dimensions (sources of uncertainty) of the problem increase.

Monte Carlo methods were first introduced to finance in 1964 by David B. Hertz through his Harvard Business Review article, discussing their application in Corporate Finance. In 1977, Phelim Boyle pioneered the use of simulation in derivative valuation in his seminal Journal of Financial Economics paper.

This article discusses typical financial problems in which Monte Carlo methods are used. It also touches on the use of so-called "quasi-random" methods such as the use of Sobol sequences.
Owsley County, Kentucky
Owsley County is a county located in the Eastern Coalfield region of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 4,051, making it the second-least populous county in Kentucky. The county seat is Booneville. The county was organized on January 23, 1843, from Clay, Estill, and Breathitt counties and named for William Owsley (1782–1862), the judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals and Governor of Kentucky (1844–48). According to the 2010 census reports, Owsley County has the second-highest level of child poverty of any county in the United States. In terms of income per household, the county is the poorest in the nation. Between 1980 and 2014, the rate of death from cancer in the county increased by 45.6 percent, the largest such increase of any county in the United States.

Booneville, Kentucky
Booneville is a home rule-class city in Owsley County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 168 at the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Owsley County. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 11 and Kentucky Route 30 on the South Fork of the Kentucky River.
Greptar
Greftaar (Bengali: গ্রেপ্তার) (English: Arrest) is a 2007 Bengali action thriller film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Rashika Chatterjee under the banner of Maa Karunamoyee Films. The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee, Swastika Mukherjee, Tapas Paul, Ashish Vidyarthi and Locket Chatterjee in the lead roles. The music was composed by Anupam Dutta.

Locket Chatterjee
Locket Chatterjee (born 4 December 1974) is an Indian actress, politician and former Member of Parliament from Hooghly Lok Sabha constituency of West Bengal. She is also a classical dancer, having completed her training in Bharat Natyam, Kathakali, Manipuri and Creative dance. Chatterjee is better known as an actress in Tollywood. She was previously the state president of BJP Mahila Morcha, the women's wing of the Bharatiya Janata Party in West Bengal. Since then she served as the General Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party, West Bengal.
Anup Kumar Upadhyay
Anup Kumar Upadhyay  (Nepali:  अनुप कुमार उपाध्याय) is a Nepalese bureaucrat turned politician and chairman of the alternative political force, Ujyaalo Nepal Party. Formerly the energy secretary and vice chairman of planning commission of Sudurpashchim Province, Upadhyay was selected as chairman of party formed jointly with Kul Man Ghising. He has also served as the chairman of Nepal Electricity Regulatory Commission.

Ujyaalo Nepal Party
The Ujjyalo Nepal Party (Nepali: उज्यालो नेपाल पार्टी, lit. 'Bright Nepal Party') is a political party in Nepal led by former energy secretary Anup Kumar Upadhyaya and founded under coordination of bureaucrat turned politician, Kul Man Ghising. The party uses bulb as its election symbol for FPTP and flute in proportional.
Fruitcake (album)
Fruitcake is the fourth studio album by the Philippine alternative rock band Eraserheads, released on December 6, 1996, by BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc.

A Christmas concept album recorded in English, it tells the story of a little girl's journey through Fruitcake Heights. It was accompanied by a storybook released the following year. Like the band's previous albums, Fruitcake became a commercial success but received mixed reviews.

Fruitcake (Eraserheads EP)
Fruitcake is the first extended play by the Philippine alternative rock band Eraserheads, released in November 1996 through BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc. It serves as promotional material for the band’s fourth album of the same name, which was released the following month.
Haliotis cracherodii
Haliotis cracherodii, the black abalone, is a species of large edible sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Haliotidae, the abalone.

This species is relatively small compared with most of the other abalone species from the eastern Pacific, and it has a relatively smooth dark shell.

This used to be the most abundant large marine mollusk on the west coast of North America, but now, because of overfishing and the withering syndrome, it has much declined in population and the IUCN Red List has classed the black abalone as Critically Endangered.

Withering abalone syndrome
Withering abalone syndrome is a disease of the abalone shellfish, primarily found in Haliotis cracherodii. It has been recorded from the coasts of California and Baja California.

The disease is caused by the bacterium "Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis", which attacks the digestive tract and glands. It causes general lethargy and for the characteristic "foot" to atrophy. This impairs the abalone's ability to adhere to rocks, making it far more vulnerable to predation. The bacteria are believed to be transmitted along the fecal–oral route and through the water column.
K. Eric Drexler
Kim Eric Drexler (born April 25, 1955) is an American engineer best known for introducing molecular nanotechnology (MNT), and his studies of its potential from the 1970s and 1980s. His 1991 doctoral thesis at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was revised and published as the book Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery Manufacturing and Computation (1992), which received the Association of American Publishers award for Best Computer Science Book of 1992. He has been called the "godfather of nanotechnology".

Christine Peterson
Christine L. Peterson is an American forecaster, and the co-founder of Foresight Institute.  She is credited with suggesting the term "open source" when used in connection with software.

Peterson holds a bachelor's degree in chemistry from MIT. She is signed up for cryopreservation with the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, since the mid-1980s.
Rhadamsades
Rhadamsades (Greek: Τιβέριος Ἰούλιος Ραδαμσάδης, romanized: Tiberios Ioulios Radamsades), also known as Radamsad, Rhadamsadius or Rhadampsadius, was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom, a Roman client state, from 309 to 322. For the last five years of his reign he ruled together with Rhescuporis VI, who became the sole king upon Rhadamsades's death. It is possible that Rhadamsades, perhaps of Sarmatian or Alan origin, is the same person as Rausimod, a barbarian king who invaded Pannonia in 322 and was killed by the forces of Constantine the Great.

Rausimod
Rausimod (?–322) was a Sarmatian or Maeotian warrior king. In 322, Rausimod is recorded as having crossed the Danube into the Roman Empire and attacked the territory of Licinius. The defence against Rausimod was conducted by Constantine, who on April 28, 323 passed a law threatening all Roman collaborators with death by burning. Constantine pursued the invaders across the Danube into barbarian territory, where Rausimod was killed. Constantine's campaign was considered a trespassing of the territory of Licinius, and the Goths thereafter became allies of Licinius against Constantine under their prince Alica. He is perhaps identifiable with the Bosporan king Rhadamsades.
Ohio State Route 750
State Route 750 (SR 750) is an east–west state highway located in central Ohio. The western terminus of the state highway is at a signalized intersection with SR 257 nearly 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Powell, just outside the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. The highway travels east to Highbanks Metro Park and Polaris Fashion Place. The eastern terminus of SR 750 is at Interstate 71 (I-71) in the far northern reaches of the city of Columbus. The route was designated in 1937, and both termini were rerouted. The eastern terminus was extended east in 1997, and the western terminus was rerouted south in 2007.

Powell, Ohio
Powell is a city in Delaware County, Ohio, United States, located 14 miles (21.5 km) north of the state capital of Columbus. Powell had an estimated population of 14,163 at the 2020 census. Founded in the early 1800s, it is now a suburb of Columbus.
Simple (Florida Georgia Line song)
"Simple" is a song by American country music duo Florida Georgia Line. It is their fifteenth solo single release, and the first from their fourth studio album Can't Say I Ain't Country. Written by duo members Tyler Hubbard and Brian Kelley along with Michael Hardy and Mark Holman, the song expresses romantic love as a "simple" concept. The song has been promoted through the use of black-and-white photography on the duo's Instagram account, along with a music video directed by Justin Clough.

Tyler Hubbard
Tyler Reed Hubbard (born January 31, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, and musician, best known as a member of the country music duo Florida Georgia Line. After that duo went on hiatus in 2021, Hubbard began recording as a solo artist on EMI Nashville. His first solo chart entry was a guest vocalist on Tim McGraw's "Undivided", followed by his first solo single "5 Foot 9", which topped the Billboard Country Airplay charts in 2022. He released his self-titled debut album in 2023.
Richard Webb (actor)
John Richard Webb (September 9, 1915 – June 10, 1993) was an American film, television and radio actor. He appeared in more than fifty films, including many westerns and films noir including Out of the Past (1947), Night Has a Thousand Eyes (1948), I Was a Communist for the FBI (1951) and Carson City (1952). In modern audiences, he may be best remembered as the star of the 1950s television series, Captain Midnight (Jet Jackson, Flying Commando in syndication), based on a long-running radio program of the same name and Border Patrol.

Captain Midnight
Captain Midnight (later rebranded on television as Jet Jackson, Flying Commando) is an American adventure franchise first broadcast as a radio serial from 1938 to 1949. The character's popularity throughout the 1940s and into the mid-1950s extended to serial films (1942), a television show (1954–1956), a syndicated newspaper strip (1942 – late 1940s), and a comic book title (1942–1948).
Impulse Airlines
Impulse Airlines was an Australian airline which operated regional and low-cost trunk services between 1992 and 2004. It was acquired by Qantas in 2001 to form the basis of Qantas' new regional airline QantasLink. The airline had its head offices on the grounds of Sydney Airport in Mascot.

Ansett Australia
Ansett Australia, originally Ansett Airways, was a major Australian airline group based in Melbourne, Victoria. The company operated domestically within Australia, and from the 1990s, to destinations in Asia. Following 65 years of operation, the airline went into administration in 2001 following a financial collapse and subsequent liquidation in 2002, subject to a deed of company arrangement. Ansett's last flight touched down on 5 March 2002.
Suprascapular notch
The suprascapular notch (or scapular notch) is a notch in the superior border of the scapula, just medial to the base of the coracoid process. It is converted into the suprascapular canal by the suprascapular ligament.

Superior transverse scapular ligament
The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the suprascapular notch into a foramen or opening.

It is a thin and flat fascicle, narrower at the middle than at the extremities, attached by one end to the base of the coracoid process and by the other to the medial end of the scapular notch.

The suprascapular nerve always runs through the foramen; while the suprascapular vessels cross over the ligament in most of the cases.

The suprascapular ligament can become completely or partially ossified.  The ligament also been found to split forming doubled space within the suprascapular notch.