hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Yulia Latynina
Yulia Leonidovna Latynina (Russian: Ю́лия Леони́довна Латы́нина; born 16 June 1966) is an independent journalist, writer, TV and radio host from Russia. She grew famous as a columnist for Novaya Gazeta and was the most popular host at the Echo of Moscow radio station for years.

Yulia Latynina is a prolific writer, she has written more than twenty books, including fantasy and crime fiction.

Echo of Moscow
Echo of Moscow (Russian: Эхо Москвы, romanized: Ekho Moskvy) was a 24/7 commercial Russian radio station based in Moscow. It broadcast in many Russian cities, some of the former Soviet republics (through partnerships with local radio stations), and via the Internet. From 1996 its editor-in-chief was Alexei Venediktov.

On 1 March 2022, it was taken off the air by Roskomnadzor accusing it of spreading false information about the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On 3 March, the board of directors voted to close the station down. While the radio programming of Echo of Moscow ceased to exist, Venediktov and most of the employees began a spin-off YouTube channel, Zhivoi Gvozd' (literally "Live Nail", in Russian a rhyming pun on the common term "Live Guest"), which follows the late station's format and schedule. In October 2022, Echo resumed online programming from Berlin, Germany via its Echo app.
Haus des Deutschen Sports
The Haus des Deutschen Sports (German: House of German sports), part of the larger Deutsches Sportforum, is a sporting venue constructed for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. Located in Olympiapark Berlin to the northeast of the Olympic Stadium, it hosted the fencing events and the fencing part of the modern pentathlon event.

Olympiapark Berlin
Olympiapark Berlin (German for Berlin Olympic Park), previously the Deutsches Sportforum (lit. 'German Sport Forum') and the Reichssportfeld (lit. 'Reich Sports Field'), is a sports and entertainment complex located in Berlin, Germany. The complex served as the Olympic Park of the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Substitute Teacher (film)
Substitute Teacher (Italian: La supplente) is a 1975 Italian commedia sexy all'italiana film directed by Guido Leoni. The film was a box office success and launched the brief film career of the singer Carmen Villani.

Carmen Villani
Carmen Villani (born 21 May 1944) is a former Italian pop singer. She had a recognisable voice and an outstanding musical sense. Villani was a versatile performer, featuring elements of gospel and blues. She is considered among the finest examples of the early beat music in Italy. She also collaborated with some of the top film scorers in Italy. Villani's fame was limited to her homeland, where she charted records and gave several performances broadcast nationwide by RAI. After her failure to chart hits in the early 1970s, she became an actress in commedia sexy all'italiana films.
Autherley Junction
Autherley Junction (grid reference SJ901020) is the name of the canal junction where the Shropshire Union Canal terminates and meets the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal near to Oxley, north Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It dates from 1835, when the Birmingham and Liverpool Junction Canal opened, prior to it becoming part of the Shropshire Union network.

It was the subject of hot debate, as the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal tried to charge extremely high compensation tolls for the use of the short stretch between the new junction and Aldersley Junction, where the Birmingham Canal Navigations joined it. Proposals to build a bypass around the junction eventually led to the tolls being reduced to economic levels.

Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal
The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal is a navigable narrow canal in Staffordshire and Worcestershire in the Midlands of England. It is 46 miles (74 km) long, linking the River Severn at Stourport in Worcestershire with the Trent and Mersey Canal at Haywood Junction by Great Haywood.
New York Central Hudson
The New York Central Hudson was a popular 4-6-4 "Hudson" type steam locomotive built for the New York Central Railroad (NYC). 275 of them were built in three different classes between 1927 and 1938 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) and the Lima Locomotive Works (LLW). Named after the Hudson River, the 4-6-4 wheel arrangement came to be known as the "Hudson" type in the United States, as these locomotives were the first examples built and used in North America. Built for high-speed passenger train work, the Hudson locomotives were famously known for hauling the New York Central's crack passenger trains, such as the 20th Century Limited and the Empire State Express.

With the onset of diesel locomotives by the mid-20th Century, all Hudson locomotives were retired and subsequently scrapped by 1957, except for the tender from J-1d 5313, which is preserved at the Steamtown National Historic Site in Scranton, Pennsylvania.

Empire State Express
The Empire State Express was one of the named passenger trains and onetime flagship of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad (a predecessor of the later New York Central Railroad). On September 14, 1891, it covered the 436 miles (702 kilometers) between New York City and Buffalo in 7 hours and 6 minutes (including stops), averaging 61.4 miles-per-hour (98.8 km/h), with a top speed of 82 mph (132 km/h).
Kevin Henkes
Kevin Henkes (/heɪnkɛs/ HENK-es; born November 27, 1960) is an American author of children's books. He is known for writing and illustrating picture books, the most notable of which feature young anthropomorphic mice as their main characters. Henkes also writes middle-grade fiction. As an illustrator, he won the Caldecott Medal for Kitten's First Full Moon (2004). Two of Henkes' books were Newbery Medal Honor Books, Olive's Ocean in 2004 and The Year of Billy Miller in 2014. His picture book Waiting was named both a 2016 Caldecott Honor Book and a Geisel Honor Book. It was only the second time any author has won that combination of awards.

In 2020, Henkes won the Children's Literature Legacy Award.

Kitten's First Full Moon
Kitten's First Full Moon is an American children's picture book written and illustrated by Kevin Henkes. Published in 2004, the book tells the story of a kitten who thinks the moon is a bowl of milk and tries many different attempts to drink it. Henkes won the 2005 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations. The book is in black and white and typeset in sans-serif. The idea came from a line in another book by Henkes, "The cat thought the moon was a bowl of milk." Henkes gradually expanded on that for Kitten's First Full Moon.
Dazzle Draw
Dazzle Draw is a raster graphics editor for the Apple IIc and Apple IIe. The program allows users to create bitmap images which can then be printed or used in other programs. Developed by David Snider and released in 1984 by Broderbund, the program is similar to MacPaint, released in early 1984. Snider previously wrote the Apple II pinball game David's Midnight Magic.

Dazzle Draw is designed specifically to take advantage of the graphics capabilities of the Apple IIc and Enhanced IIe. The program allows use of 16 colors and supports the creation of automated slide shows.

MacPaint
MacPaint is a raster graphics editor developed by Apple Computer and released alongside the original Macintosh personal computer on January 24, 1984. It was sold bundled with its word processing counterpart, MacWrite, for US$195. MacPaint was notable because it could generate graphics that could be used by other applications. It taught consumers what a graphics-based system could do by using the mouse, the clipboard, and QuickDraw picture language. Pictures could be cut from MacPaint and pasted into MacWrite documents.

The original MacPaint was developed by Bill Atkinson, a member of Apple's original Macintosh development team. Early development versions of MacPaint were called MacSketch, still retaining part of the name of its roots, LisaSketch. It was later developed by Claris, the software subsidiary of Apple which was formed in 1987. The last version of MacPaint was version 2.0, released in 1988. It was discontinued by Claris in 1998 because of diminishing sales.
M. Thirumalai (director)
M. Thirumalai is an Indian film director and producer, who has directed Tamil language films. He became known for the action drama Thee Nagar (2007), and has gone on to make feature films including Agam Puram (2010) and Kasethan Kadavulada (2011).

Thee Nagar
Thee Nagar is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Thirumalai. It starred Karan and Udhayathara in lead roles, while Shanmugarajan, Scissor Manohar, Kadhal Sukumar, and Meera Krishnan play supporting roles. The soundtrack was composed by Jassie Gift with cinematography by Suresh Devan. The film was released on 27 July 2007.
Wajiki, Tokushima
Wajiki (鷲敷町, Wajiki-chō) was a town located in Naka District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,240 and a population density of 107.50 persons per km2. The total area was 30.14 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Wajiki, along with the towns of Aioi and Kaminaka, and the villages of Kisawa and Kito (all from Naka District), was merged to create the city of Naka.

Kaminaka, Tokushima
Kaminaka (上那賀町, Kaminaka-chō) was a town located in Naka District, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,242 and a density of 12.79 persons per km2. The total area was 175.27 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Kaminaka, along with the towns of Aioi and Wajiki, and the villages of Kisawa and Kito (all from Naka District), was merged to create the city of Naka.
Carolyn Rayna Buckle
Carolyn Rayna Buckle (born 29 August 2000), known as Rayna Buckle, is a Singaporean-born Australian synchronised swimmer. She represented Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics, where artistic swimming team consisting of Hannah Burkhill, Kiera Gazzard, Alessandra Ho, Kirsten Kinash, Rachel Presser, Emily Rogers, Amie Thompson and Buckle were able to progress to the final, however, they finished ninth. Buckle and Gazzard also competed for Australia at the 2024 Summer Olympics, finishing 16th in the duet and 9th in the team event along with Georgia Courage-Gardiner, Raphaelle Gauthier, Margo Joseph-Kuo, Anastasia Kusmawan, Zoe Poulis and Milena Waldmann.

Kirsten Kinash
Kirsten Kinash (born 30 May 1998) is an Australian synchronised (artistic) swimmer. Artistic Swimming made its Olympic debut in 1984 (named Synchronised Swimming) and is one of only two events that is female only at the Olympics. Teams perform a 3-minute technical routine of five technical elements and a 4-minute free routine that emphasises creativity and choreography.

Kinash represented Australia at the 2020 Summer Olympics. The artistic swimming team consisting of Rachel Presser, Emily Rogers, Amie Thompson, Carolyn Rayna Buckle, Hannah Burkhill, Kiera Gazzard, Alessandra Ho and Kinash were able to progress to the final, however, they finished ninth.
Fe'i banana
Fe'i bananas (also spelt Fehi or Féi) are cultivated plants in the genus Musa, used mainly for their fruit. They are very distinct in appearance and origin from the majority of bananas and plantains currently grown. Found mainly in the islands of the Pacific, particularly French Polynesia, Fe'i bananas have skins which are brilliant orange to red in colour with yellow or orange flesh inside. They are usually eaten cooked and have been an important food for Pacific Islanders, moving with them as they migrated across the ocean. Most are high in beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A).

The botanical name for Fe'i bananas is Musa × troglodytarum L. Precisely which wild species they are descended from is unclear.

Musa (genus)
Musa is one of three genera in the family Musaceae. The genus includes 83 species of flowering plants producing edible bananas and plantains (also known as cooking bananas), and fiber (abacá), used to make paper and cloth. Though they grow as high as trees, banana and plantain plants are not woody and their apparent "stem" is made up of the bases of the huge leaf stalks. Thus, they are technically gigantic herbaceous plants.
Duhem–Quine thesis
In philosophy of science, the Duhem–Quine thesis, also called the Duhem–Quine problem, says that unambiguous falsifications of a scientific hypothesis are impossible, because an empirical test of the hypothesis requires one or more background assumptions. Rather than disproving the main hypothesis, the blame can be placed on one of the background beliefs or "auxiliary" hypotheses. It is named after French theoretical physicist Pierre Duhem and American logician Willard Van Orman Quine, who wrote about similar concepts.

In recent decades, the set of associated assumptions supporting a thesis sometimes is called a bundle of hypotheses, i.e. a hypothesis and its background assumptions. Although a bundle of hypotheses as a whole can be tested against the empirical world and be falsified if it fails the test, the Duhem–Quine thesis says it is impossible to isolate a single hypothesis in the bundle, a viewpoint called confirmation holism.

Pierre Duhem
Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (French: [pjɛʁ mɔʁis maʁi dy.ɛm, moʁ-] ⓘ; 9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of elasticity.  Duhem was also a prolific historian of science, noted especially for his pioneering work on the European Middle Ages.  As a philosopher of science, Duhem is credited with the "Duhem–Quine thesis" on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria.  Duhem's opposition to positivism was partly informed by his traditionalist Catholicism, an outlook that put him at odds with the dominant academic currents in France during his lifetime.
Luke Gross
Luke Gross (born November 21, 1959) is an American former rugby union player and current rugby coach and administrator. A lock who played for various club sides, he earned 62 caps for the United States between 1996 and 2003. Gross was the all-time caps leader for the United States, until Mike MacDonald broke his record in 2011.

Since retiring as a player, Gross has served as a rugby administrator and coach. He was the head coach of PRO Rugby team Sacramento Express in 2016. In August 2022, Gross accepted the position as head coach of the Indiana University Men's Rugby team.

Mike MacDonald (rugby union)
Mike MacDonald (born November 27, 1980, in Berkeley, California, United States) is a retired rugby union footballer who previously played for Leeds Carnegie in the RFU Championship and English Premiership. He represented the United States national team and predominantly played at the prop position.
Intersex rights in South Africa
Intersex people in South Africa have some of the same rights as other people, but with significant gaps in protection from non-consensual cosmetic medical interventions and protection from discrimination. The country was the first to explicitly include intersex people in anti-discrimination law.

Sally Gross (activist)
Sally Gross (born Selwyn Gross; 22 August 1953 – 14 February 2014) was an anti-apartheid and intersex activist. A member of the African National Congress during the apartheid era, and the founder of Intersex South Africa, Gross acted as a mentor to intersex activists around the globe.
Van Vicker
Joseph van Vicker (born 1 August 1977), better known as Van Vicker, is a Ghanaian actor, film director and humanitarian. He is the chief executive officer of Sky + Orange production, a film production house. Van Vicker received two nominations for "Best Actor in a Leading Role" and "Best Upcoming Actor" at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2008.

Majid Michel
Majid Michel (born 22 September 1980) is a Ghanaian actor, model, television personality, evangelist, and a humanitarian. He received nominations for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the Africa Movie Academy Awards in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2017. He eventually won the award in 2012 after three previous consecutive nominations.
Cooke's Wells Station
Cooke's Wells Station a stage station of the Butterfeild Overland Mail, located south of the Mexican border, in the old Alamos River bed, about 1 km west northwest of Mérida, Baja California. Its site was at Cooke's Wells, named for Philip St. George Cooke whose expedition found them in 1847. It was at first the only water source 22 miles (35 km) east of Alamo Mucho Station and 18 miles (29 km) west of the Pilot Knob Station on the Southern Emigrant Trail.

Cooke's Wells were fed by spring flooding from the Colorado River along the course of the Alamo River that sank into the ground or formed small pools or lakes along its course that could provide water in the otherwise dry region. Later the stage company established two other stations in similar locations on the river west of Cooke's Wells, at Gardner's Wells Station 9 miles (14 km) east of Alamo Mucho and at Salt or Seven Wells 9 miles (14 km) east of Gardner's Wells and 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Cooke's Wells.

Alamo Mucho Station
Alamo Mucho Station, the misspelled name of Alamo Mocho Station: 111  was one of the original Butterfield Overland Mail stations located south of the Mexican border, in Baja California.  Its location is 0.5 miles south-southeast of the Mexicali International Airport Terminal building.

Alamo Mocho meant trimmed cottonwood,: 139  or a cottonwood with its branches cropped, mutilated or lopped off, something travelers in the Colorado Desert would do to obtain wood in this otherwise desolate region.  A riparian species, cottonwoods are a conspicuous indicator of water at or near the surface of the ground where they occur in the desert.
Henare Tomoana
Henare Tomoana  (1820/30s – 20 February 1904) was a prominent Māori leader and politician from the Hawke's Bay area in the North Island, New Zealand. He was of Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāti Te Whatu-i-Apiti tribal lineage. In 1879 he was elected to the New Zealand Parliament for the Eastern Maori electorate, and in 1898 was appointed to the New Zealand Legislative Council. He was a convenor of Te Kotahitanga, the movement for an independent Māori Parliament.

Te Kotahitanga
The Kotahitanga movement was an autonomous Māori parliament convened annually in New Zealand from 1892 until 1902. Though not recognised by the New Zealand Government, the Māori Parliament was an influential body while it lasted. By 1902 its role was largely superseded by the Māori councils established by James Carroll and Hōne Heke Ngāpua through the Māori Councils Act 1900. As a result, Kotahitanga members unanimously voted for its dissolution at the 10th Parliament at Waiōmatatini in 1902.

Te Kotahitanga was distinct from Te Kauhanganui, the Māori parliament established by the Kingitanga movement in the late 1880s, because it called for the union of all Māori tribes, whereas Te Kauhanganui was convened by and for the hapū of the Waikato-Tainui region. In 1895 the two movements considered merging, but this ultimately failed.
Palace of Facets
The Palace of the Facets (Russian: Грановитая палата, romanized: Granovitaya palata) is a building in the Moscow Kremlin, Russia, which contains what used to be the main banquet reception hall of the Russian tsars. It is the oldest preserved secular building in Moscow. Located on Kremlin Cathedral Square, between the Cathedral of the Annunciation and the Dormition Cathedral. Currently, it is an official ceremonial hall in the residence of the President of the Russian Federation and thus admission is limited to prearranged tours only.

Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow
The Cathedral of the Annunciation (Russian: Благовещенский собор, romanized: Blagoveschensky sobor) in Moscow is a Russian Orthodox church dedicated to the Annunciation of the Theotokos. It is located on the southwest side of Cathedral Square in the Moscow Kremlin in Russia, where it connects directly to the main building of the complex of the Grand Kremlin Palace, adjacent to the Palace of Facets. It was originally the personal chapel for the tsars, and its abbot remained a personal confessor of the Russian royal family until the early 20th century. Now it also serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums.
Bruce Bouillet
Bruce Allan Bouillet (/buːiːˈeɪ/ boo-YAY; born February 3, 1965) is an American guitarist. He has played guitar for a variety of bands, most notably Racer X, The Scream, DC-10, and Epidemic. Bouillet is known for his technically proficient playing style and speed.

Paul Gilbert
Paul Brandon Gilbert (born November 6, 1966) is an American hard rock and heavy metal guitarist. He is the co-founder of the band Mr. Big, and was also a member of Racer X, with whom he released several albums. In 1996, Gilbert launched a solo career, for which he has released numerous solo albums, and featured in numerous collaborations and guest appearances on other musicians' albums.

Gilbert was voted fourth-best on Guitar One magazine's 2007 "Top 10 Greatest Guitar Shredders of All Time". He was also ranked in Guitar World's 2008 list, "50 Fastest Guitarists of All Time". Gilbert was ranked number one in Loudwire Magazine's list of "10 Stupidly Fast Guitarists in Metal".
Denny Lawrence
Denny Lawrence (born 1952 in London) is an Australian actor, writer, producer and director of television, theatre and film.

He studied at NIDA and the Australian Film, Television and Radio School. Among his most notable credits are the feature film Goodbye Paradise (1983) and the mini-series Bodyline (1984). He has also worked extensively as a teacher.

Bodyline (miniseries)
Bodyline is an Australian 1984 television miniseries which dramatised the events of the 1932–1933 English Ashes cricket tour of Australia. The title refers to the bodyline cricketing tactic (also known as fast leg theory) devised by the English cricket team during their 1932–33 Ashes tour of Australia.
Galesburg minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Galesburg, Illinois between 1890 and 1914. Galesburg teams played as members of the Central Interstate League and Illinois-Iowa League in 1890, Eastern Iowa League in 1895, the Illinois-Missouri League in 1908 and 1909 and the Central Association from 1910 to 1912 and 1914. Galesburg hosted home games at Willard Field, Illinois Field and Lombard College Field.

Baseball Hall of Fame members Bud Fowler (1890), Grover Cleveland Alexander (1909) and Sam Rice (1912) played for Galesburg teams.

Grover Cleveland Alexander
Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed "Old Pete" and "Alexander the Great", was an American professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played from 1911 through 1930 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Cardinals. In 1938, Alexander was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
December 2016 Jakarta protests
December 2016 Jakarta protests, also known as the 3rd Defend Islam Action (Indonesian: Aksi Bela Islam III), 212 Movement, or simply as 212 Action, was a mass protest led by Islamist groups which took place on 2 December 2016, in Jakarta, Indonesia. During the protest, marchers demanded the termination of the gubernatorial office held by Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok), who had been accused of blasphemy. The protest was the second demonstration against Ahok in 2016 following the previous rally which took place on 4 November, and it was succeeded by the February 2017 Jakarta protests.

February 2017 Jakarta protests
February 2017 Jakarta protests refer to a series of mass protest led by Islamist movements which took place on 11 February 2017 and 21 February 2017 in Jakarta, Indonesia, and dubbed as the Action 112 and the Action 212 respectively. The protests were aimed against the incumbent governor of Jakarta Special Capital Region Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (popularly known as "Ahok") for an alleged blasphemy of the Quran, the Islamic holy book.