hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Erik Wemple
Erik Wemple is an American journalist.  He worked at The Washington Post from 2011 to 2025, TBD.com from 2010 to 2011, and was editor of the alternative weekly Washington City Paper from 2002 to 2010.  He had worked as a journalist in the Paper previously.  He joined The New York Times in September 2025.

Since 2017, Wemple has been known for feuding with former Fox News host Tucker Carlson both on- and off-air.

Washington City Paper
The Washington City Paper is an American alternative weekly newspaper serving the Washington D.C. metropolitan area since 1981. The City Paper was distributed on Thursdays; its average circulation in 2006 was 85,588. The paper's editorial mix is focused on local news and arts. It is owned by Mark Ein, who bought it in 2017. It became an online-only publication in May, 2022.
Peter Mak
Peter Mak (1957 – 26 March 2023) was a Hong Kong film director and actor. The films he directed include The Wicked City, All Night Long, and Enemy Shadow. As an actor he appeared in Shu zhi suo zhi , Happy Sixteen, Lai Shi, China's Last Eunuch, Tiger Cage,  and Twin Dragons.

Twin Dragons
Twin Dragons is a 1992 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Ringo Lam and Tsui Hark, and starring Jackie Chan in a double role as identical twin brothers separated at birth. The film is an adaptation of Ranjit Mallick starrer Bengali film Shathe Shathyang (1982).

The film also goes by titles such as Brother vs. Brother, Duel of Dragons, When Dragons Collide and Double Dragons.
Authentic (racehorse)
Authentic (foaled May 5, 2017) is a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2020 Kentucky Derby and Breeders' Cup Classic, where he set a new Keeneland track record. He also won the Sham Stakes, San Felipe Stakes, and Haskell Invitational, and was second in the Preakness Stakes and Santa Anita Derby. He was the Horse of the Year and Champion Three-Year-Old Male in 2020 and was the second highest ranked racehorse in the world. He also won the Secretariat Vox Populi Award.

Sham Stakes
The Sham  Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years old over the distance of one mile on the dirt scheduled annually in January at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.  The event currently carries a purse of $100,000.
Clarence Williams III
Clarence Williams III (August 21, 1939 – June 4, 2021) was an American actor. He was best known for his starring role as Linc Hayes on the television series The Mod Squad (1968-73). He also appeared in films such as Purple Rain, 52 Pick-Up, Tales from the Hood, Hoodlum, Deep Cover, Half Baked, Life, American Gangster, and Reindeer Games, and was a Tony Award-nominated stage actor.

The Mod Squad
The Mod Squad is an American crime drama series, originally broadcast for five seasons on ABC from September 24, 1968, to March 1, 1973. It starred Michael Cole as Peter "Pete" Cochran, Clarence Williams III as Lincoln "Linc" Hayes, Peggy Lipton as Julie Barnes, and Tige Andrews as Captain Adam Greer. The executive producers of the series were Aaron Spelling and Danny Thomas.

The counterculture police series earned six Emmy Award nominations, four Golden Globe nominations plus one win for Peggy Lipton, one Directors Guild of America Award, and four Logies. In 1970, the second-season episode, "In This Corner . . . Sol Alpert," script by Rita Lakin and Harve Bennett, was nominated by the Mystery Writers of America for an Edgar Award in the category of Best Mystery Teleplay, losing to the TV-Movie Daughter of the Mind.  In 1997, a 1970 episode "Mother of Sorrow" was ranked No. 95 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time.
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University (/ˈwɛsliən/ ⓘ WESS-lee-ən) is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. It was founded in 1831 as a men's college under the Methodist Episcopal Church and with the support of prominent residents of Middletown. It became a secular, coeducational institution.

Wesleyan is a primarily undergraduate institution with a small graduate program. It offers 47 majors as part of an open curriculum. The college accepted female applicants from 1872 to 1909, but did not become fully coeducational until 1970. Before full coeducation, Wesleyan alumni and other supporters of women's education established Connecticut College in 1912. Wesleyan, along with Amherst and Williams colleges, is part of "The Little Three". Its teams compete athletically as a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) in NCAA Division III.

New England Small College Athletic Conference
The New England Small College Athletic Conference (NESCAC) is an intercollegiate athletic conference that competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III comprising sports teams from eleven highly selective liberal arts institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The eleven institutions are Amherst College, Bates College, Bowdoin College, Colby College, Connecticut College, Hamilton College, Middlebury College, Tufts University, Trinity College, Wesleyan University, and Williams College.

The conference originated with an agreement among Amherst, Bowdoin, Wesleyan and Williams in 1955. In 1971, Bates, Colby, Hamilton, Middlebury, Trinity, Tufts, and Union College joined and the NESCAC was officially formed. Union withdrew in 1977 and was replaced by Connecticut College in 1982. NESCAC members maintain some of the largest financial endowments among liberal arts colleges in the world.
Émile Nouguier
Émile Nouguier (17 February 1840 – 23 November 1897) was a French civil engineer and architect. He is famous for co-designing the Eiffel Tower, built 1887–1889 for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France, the Garabit viaduct, the highest in the world at the time,  near Ruynes-en-Margeride, Cantal, France, and the Faidherbe Bridge over the Sénégal River in Senegal.

In 1861 he attended and graduated the École Polytechnique in Paris, in 1862 he joined the École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris from which he graduated in 1865 with the title of mining construction engineer.

Gustave Eiffel
Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (/ˈaɪfəl/ ⓘ EYE-fəl, French: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ ɡystav ɛfɛl]; né Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures, he made his name with various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit Viaduct. He is best known for the Eiffel Tower, designed by his company and built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields.
Charles Reisner
Charles Francis Reisner (March 14, 1887 – September 24, 1962) was an American film director and actor of the 1920s and 1930s.

The German-American directed over 60 films between 1920 and 1950 and acted in over 20 films between 1916 and 1929. He starred with Charlie Chaplin in A Dog's Life in 1918 and The Kid in 1921.

He directed Buster Keaton (Keaton also co-directed it with him) in Steamboat Bill, Jr. (1928). During the late 1920s, through the 1940s, Reisner was under contract to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1930, he directed Chasing Rainbows, a musical which starred  Bessie Love and Charles King. He directed The Big Store (1941), the Marx Brothers' last film for MGM.

Reisner died of a heart attack in La Jolla, California in 1962 at the age of 75.

A Dog's Life (1918 film)
A Dog's Life is a 1918 American silent comedy short film written, produced and directed by Charlie Chaplin. This was Chaplin's first film for First National Pictures. It was part of a then groundbreaking $1 million contract. It was for a total of eight 3 reel short silent films.

Chaplin plays opposite an animal as "co-star". "Scraps" (the dog) was the hero in this film, as he helps Charlie and Edna towards a better life. Edna Purviance plays a dance hall singer and Charlie Chaplin, The Tramp. Sydney Chaplin (Chaplin's brother) had a small role in this film; this was the first time the two brothers were on screen together.

Charles Lapworth, a former newspaper editor who had met Chaplin when he interviewed him, took a role as a consultant on the film.
Us Placers
"Us Placers" is the debut song by American supergroup Child Rebel Soldier, a musical collaboration consisting of American hip-hop artists Lupe Fiasco, Kanye West, and Pharrell Williams. It was released as the third song on the track-listing of West's 2007 mixtape Can't Tell Me Nothing. The song was produced by Fiasco and samples the 2006 song "The Eraser" by Thom Yorke. In "Us Placers," the trio speaks on the entrapments of fame. Having been released on a free mixtape, the song did not enter the charts but became an online hit and received strong reviews from music critics.

Can't Tell Me Nothing (mixtape)
Can't Tell Me Nothing: The Official Mixtape is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Kanye West. It was made freely available over the internet on May 27, 2007, in anticipation of the release of his third studio album, Graduation, of which it is named after the lead single, which is included as the first track of the mixtape.
Triple M Brisbane
Triple M Brisbane is a commercial FM rock radio station in Brisbane, Australia. It broadcasts on 104.5 and on DAB+ digital radio. It is affiliated with the Triple M stations owned by SCA in other cities, but many of its programs are local.

B105 (Australian radio station)
B105 (call sign 4BBB) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, on a frequency of 105.3 MHz, and is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network. The station has undergone numerous branding changes over the years; it was branded as B105 following its conversion from AM to FM. This lasted until a co-branding as Hit 105.3 B105, then as Hit B105 (dropping the "B" shortly after) and finally back to B105 in July 2020.
2016 Australian Open
The 2016 Australian Open was a tennis tournament that took place at Melbourne Park between 18 and 31 January 2016. It was the 104th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam tournament of the year. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players competed in singles and doubles tournaments.

Novak Djokovic successfully defended the men's singles title and thus won a record-equaling sixth Australian Open title. Serena Williams was the defending champion in the women's singles but failed to defend her title, losing to Angelique Kerber in the final; by winning, Kerber became the first German player of any gender to win a Grand Slam title since Steffi Graf won her last such title at the 1999 French Open.

As in previous years, this year's tournament's title sponsor was Kia. This edition set a new attendance record for the tournament of 720,363.

Angelique Kerber
Angelique Kerber (German: [ʔan.d͡ʒɛˈliːk ˈkɛɐ̯bɐ] ⓘ; born 18 January 1988) is a German former professional tennis player. She was ranked as the world No. 1 in women's singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 34 weeks, including as the year-end No. 1 in 2016. Kerber won 14 WTA Tour-level singles titles, including three majors at the 2016 Australian Open, 2016 US Open, and 2018 Wimbledon Championships. She also won a silver medal in women's singles at the 2016 Rio Olympics.

An accomplished left-handed player, Kerber made her professional debut in 2003 and came to prominence by reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the world No. 92. Kerber first cracked the top 5 in the rankings in 2012 and would eventually become the world No. 1 on 12 September 2016, becoming the 22nd and oldest player to achieve the top ranking for the first time. Following a maternity leave, Kerber retired from the sport after the 2024 Paris Olympics.
November 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
November 9 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - November 11

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on November 23 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For November 10th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 28.

October 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
October 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 29

All fixed commemorations below are observed on November 10 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.

For October 28th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on October 15.
Sharwin III
Sharwin III (Persian: شروین), was the fourteenth ruler of the Bavand dynasty briefly in 986. He was the brother and successor of al-Marzuban.

Sharwin was the son of Rustam II. In 986, after the death of Rustam II, Sharwin's brother al-Marzuban ascended the Bavandid throne. There have been several confusions about the reign of the Bavandid kings after the death of Rustam II. In 986, al-Marzuban is no longer mentioned as the ruler of the Bavand dynasty, and Sharwin III is instead mentioned as the ruler of the dynasty. A certain Shahriyar III is later mentioned as the ruler of the Bavand dynasty in the following year. Nothing more is known about Sharwin III.

Al-Marzuban
Al-Marzuban or Marzuban bin Rustam of Parim (Persian: مرزبان بن رستم پریمی), was the thirteenth ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 979 to 986. He was the son and successor of Rustam II. In some sources, his name was changed to Rustam ibn al-Marzuban, which caused confusion among the historians, and made them think that they were two people.
Lun8
Lun8 (Korean: 루네이트; RR: Runeiteu; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean boy band formed by Fantagio in 2023. The group consists of eight members: Yuma, Chael, Jinsu, Takuma, Junwoo, Dohyun, Ian, and Ji Eun-ho. Former member Eunseop left the group in January 2025, while Yuma was added to the group in February 2025, They debuted on June 15, 2023, with the extended play Continue?.

Continue?
Continue? is the debut extended play by South Korean boy band Lun8. It was released on June 15, 2023, by Fantagio and distributed by Kakao Entertainment. The EP consists of five songs, including the title tracks "Voyager" and "Wild Heart".
Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi
Mohammad Hossein Farhanghi (Persian: ‌‌محمدحسین فرهنگی; born 1961) is an Iranian principlist politician.

Farhanghi was born in Tabriz. He was a member of the 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020 Islamic Consultative Assembly in five terms from the electorate of Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr with Alireza Mondi Sefidan, Masoud Pezeshkian, Mir-Hadi Gharaseyyed Romiani, Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi and Reza Rahmani. Farhanghi won with 188,642 (32.06%) votes. Farhanghi was a member the board of directors of the Parliament of Iran.

Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi
Mohammad Esmaeil Saeidi (Persian: ‌‌محمداسماعیل سعیدی; born 1961) is an Iranian retired Revolutionary Guards commander and politician affiliated with the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability.

Saeidi was born in Azarshahr. He was a member of the 9th and 10th Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr with Alireza Mondi Sefidan, Masoud Pezeshkian, Mir-Hadi Gharaseyyed Romiani, Mohammad Hosein Farhanghi and Reza Rahmani. Saeidi won with 121,123 (38.66%) votes.
Elise Bartlett
Elise Bartlett (born Elise Bartlett Porter; October 5, 1897 – May 22, 1947) was an American actress who appeared in numerous stage productions throughout the 1920s and 1930s, as well as several feature films, including the 1929 film Show Boat. She was born into a rich and aristocratic family.

Bartlett's several marriages were well-reported during her life, which included Joseph Schildkraut, who she divorced in 1930, Horace Liveright which lasted just several months, and later Michel Picard. She died in May 1947 of alcoholism.

Joseph Schildkraut
Joseph Schildkraut (22 March 1896 – 21 January 1964) was an Austrian-American actor. He won an Oscar for his performance as Captain Alfred Dreyfus in the film The Life of Emile Zola (1937). He was nominated for a Golden Globe for his performance as Otto Frank in the film The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) and a Primetime Emmy for his performance as Rabbi Gottlieb in a 1962 episode of the television series Sam Benedict.
Cariboo River
The Cariboo River is a tributary of the Quesnel River, one of the main tributaries of the Fraser River, in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It flows through the Cariboo region of the British Columbia Interior, southeast of Prince George. Above Cariboo Lake it was formerly known as the Swamp River.  The name was adopted, and replaced the former names, in 1936 in association with Cariboo Lake.

Quesnel River
The Quesnel River /kwɪˈnɛl/ is a major tributary of the Fraser River in the Cariboo District of central British Columbia. It begins at the outflow of Quesnel Lake, at the town of Likely and flows for about 100 kilometres (60 mi) northwest to its confluence with the Fraser at the city of Quesnel.
Robert E. Olson
Robert Eugene Olson (January 23, 1919 – August 11, 2011) was an American biochemist and physician who researched nutrition. The recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, he held the editor position at both Nutrition Reviews and the Annual Review of Nutrition.

Annual Review of Nutrition
The Annual Review of Nutrition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews that releases an annual volume of review articles about nutrition. It has been in publication since 1981.  As of 2025, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2024 impact factor of 13.4, ranking it second of 112 journals in the category "Nutrition & Dietetics". The current editor is Patrick J. Stover. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
Tim Crookall
Timothy Mark Crookall is a Member of the House of Keys (the lower house of Tynwald, the Isle of Man parliament) for Glenfaba & Peel, elected in the 2021 Manx general election. He was formerly Member of the House of Keys for Peel from 2006 to 2015 (succeeding Hazel Hannan), and Minister for Education and Children from 2012 to 2016. Since 2015, he has been a member of the upper house, the Legislative Council. He served as Chair of the Manx Utilities Authority from 7 March 2023 to 22 November 2023.

Department of Education, Sport and Culture
The Department of Education, Sport and Culture (Rheynn Ynsee Spoyrt as Cultoor) is a department of the Isle of Man Government.

The department was formerly the Department of Education and Children and was renamed as the Department of Education, Sport and Culture under Statutory Document No. 2017/0325 with effect from November 2017.

The current Minister (since 2021) is Julie Edge.
Drucker stability
Drucker stability (also called the Drucker stability postulates) refers to a set of mathematical criteria that restrict the possible nonlinear stress-strain relations that can be satisfied by a solid material.  The postulates are named after Daniel C. Drucker. A material that does not satisfy these criteria is often found to be unstable in the sense that application of a load to a material point can lead to arbitrary deformations at that material point unless an additional length or time scale is specified in the constitutive relations.

The Drucker stability postulates are often invoked in nonlinear finite element analysis.  Materials that satisfy these criteria are generally well-suited for numerical analysis, while materials that fail to satisfy this criterion are likely to present difficulties (i.e. non-uniqueness or singularity) during the solution process.

Elastic instability
Elastic instability is a form of instability occurring in elastic systems, such as buckling of beams and plates subject to large compressive loads.

There are a lot of ways to study this kind of instability. One of them is to use the method of incremental deformations based on superposing a small perturbation on an equilibrium solution.
Ryu Su-jeong
Ryu Su-jeong (Korean: 류수정, born November 19, 1997), known mononymously as Sujeong, is a South Korean singer and a member of South Korean girl group Lovelyz. She debuted as a solo artist with her first EP, Tiger Eyes, on May 20, 2020.

Following Lovelyz's contract expiration and resulting hiatus in November 2021, Ryu decided to not renew her contract with Woollim. She later established her own independent label House of Dreams on September 1, 2022.

Tiger Eyes (EP)
Tiger Eyes is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer Ryu Su-jeong. The EP was released on May 20, 2020, by Woollim Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M. The album contains seven tracks, including the lead single "Tiger Eyes".
Karol Borsuk
Karol Borsuk (8 May 1905 – 24 January 1982) was a Polish mathematician. His main area of interest was topology. He made significant contributions to shape theory, a term which he coined. He also  obtained important results in functional analysis. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Warsaw, a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Polish Mathematical Society and a leading representative of the Warsaw School of Mathematics.

Shape theory (mathematics)
Shape theory is a branch of topology that provides a more global view of the topological spaces than homotopy theory. The two coincide on compacta dominated homotopically by finite polyhedra. Shape theory associates with the Čech homology theory while homotopy theory associates with the singular homology theory.
Drummond Pike
Drummond MacGavin Pike (born October 11, 1948) is an American philanthropist and progressive political activist. He founded the Tides Foundation in 1976 and served as its president until 2010. He currently serves as a principal at Equilibrium Capital Group. Pike helped pioneer the advent of donor-advised funds in philanthropy.

Tides Foundation
Tides Foundation is a left-leaning donor advised fund based in the United States that manages over $1.4 billion in assets. It was founded in San Francisco in 1976 by Drummond Pike. Tides distributes money from anonymous donors to other organizations, which are often politically progressive.
French submarine Floréal
Floréal was one of 18 Pluviôse-class submarines built for the French Navy (Marine Nationale) in the first decade of the 20th century.

On 2 August 1918, Floréal collided with the Royal Navy armed boarding steamer HMS Hazel in the Aegean Sea and sank.

In January 2024, the boat was found in good condition at a depth of 98 metres in the Thermaic Gulf by a team of wreck hunters led by Kostas Toktaridis.

Pluviôse-class submarine
The Pluviôse-class submarines were a group of 18 submarines built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. Before World War I, two were accidentally lost, but one of these was salvaged and put back into service. Four others were lost during the war and the survivors were stricken in 1919.
Copidosoma
Copidosoma is a genus of chalcid wasps, which are parasitoids of Lepidoptera. The wasps are polyembryonic, depositing one or two eggs into their host which then develop into multiple offspring and have a soldier caste and a reproductive caste.

Polyembryony
Polyembryony is the phenomenon of two or more embryos developing from a single fertilized egg. Due to the embryos resulting from the same egg, the embryos are identical to one another, but are genetically diverse from the parents. The genetic difference between the offspring and the parents, but the similarity among siblings, are significant distinctions between polyembryony and the process of budding and typical sexual reproduction. Polyembryony can occur in humans, resulting in identical twins, though the process is random and at a low frequency. Polyembryony occurs regularly in many species of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants.