hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Blacks and Whites' Carnival
Blacks and Whites' Carnival (Spanish: Carnaval de Negros y Blancos) is a Carnival public festival and parade in southern Colombia established in 1546. Although its geographical location belongs to the city of Pasto, it has been adopted by other municipalities in Nariño and southwestern Colombia. It is celebrated every year in 2–7 January and attracts a considerable number of Colombian and foreign tourists.

On 30 September 2009, UNESCO named this Carnival among the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Nariño Department
Nariño (Spanish pronunciation: [naˈɾiɲo]) is a department of Colombia named after independence leader Antonio Nariño. Its capital is Pasto. It is in the west of the country, bordering Ecuador and the Pacific Ocean.

Nariño has a diverse geography and varied climate according to altitude: hot in the plains of the Pacific and cold in the mountains, where most of the population resides, a situation that is repeated in a north-south direction. Other important cities include Tumaco and Ipiales.
Zuma and Trancas Canyons
Zuma and Trancas Canyons are an area of Federal parkland to the west of Malibu, California. It lies within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area and is the largest piece of Federal parkland in the NRA.
Zuma Canyon contains a number of trails for hikers, of varying severity, and is the home of a range of wildlife, including the wrentit, known as the "Voice of the Chaparral". 
The park's eastern boundary is marked by Kanan Dume Road (county route N-9) and the north end of the parkland is crossed by the Backbone Trail, a 67 miles (108 km) pathway through the Santa Monica Mountains.The name zuma is derived from a Chumash word meaning "abundance".

Backbone Trail
The Backbone Trail is a long-distance trail extending 67.79 miles (109.10 km) across the Santa Monica Mountains in the U.S. state of California. Its western terminus is Point Mugu State Park, and its eastern terminus is Will Rogers State Historic Park in Pacific Palisades. The trail is open to hikers throughout its length. Dogs, mountain bicyclists and horseback riders are only allowed on portions of the trail as posted.
Ilana Kloss
Ilana Sheryl Kloss (born 22 March 1956) is a South African former professional tennis player, tennis coach, and administrator. She was the World's No. 1 ranked doubles player in 1976, and World No. 19 in singles in 1979. She won the Wimbledon juniors singles title in 1972, the US Open juniors singles title in 1974, and the US Open Doubles and French Open Mixed Doubles titles in 1976. She won three gold medals at the 1973 Maccabiah Games in Israel. After her playing career, Kloss was the commissioner of World TeamTennis from 2001–2021.

1973 Maccabiah Games
The 9th Maccabiah Games, which were held from July 9 to 19, 1973, were opened in Ramat Gan Stadium, Israel. Spain and Costa Rica made their debuts in the Games. A total of 1,800 athletes competed on behalf of 27 countries in 20 branches of sport, in 30 venues across Israel. The Games took place ten months after the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where 11 Israeli athletes and coaches were slain during the Munich Massacre. The United States won 76 gold medals (and 162 total medals), and Israel was next with 60 gold medals (and 166 total medals).
GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey
GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (GASS) is a large targeted survey at Arecibo Observatory that has been underway since 2008 to measure the neutral hydrogen content of a representative sample of approximately 1000 massive galaxies selected using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and GALEX imaging surveys. The telescope being used is the world's largest single-dish radio telescope and can receive signals from distant objects.

Astronomical survey
An astronomical survey is a general map or image of a region of the sky (or of the whole sky) that lacks a specific observational target.  Alternatively, an astronomical survey may comprise a set of images, spectra, or other observations of objects that share a common type or feature. Surveys are often restricted to one band of the electromagnetic spectrum due to instrumental limitations, although multiwavelength surveys can be made by using multiple detectors, each sensitive to a different bandwidth.

Surveys have generally been performed as part of the production of an astronomical catalog. They may also search for transient astronomical events. They often use wide-field astrographs.
Asha (film)
Asha is a 2025 Indian Marathi-language drama film directed by Deepak Patil and produced by Daivata Patil, Nilesh Kuwar, Abhishek Pathak and Kumar Mangat Pathak under the banner of Panorama Studios, Earthnetic Enterprises and Onjal Arts Productions. It stars Rinku Rajguru in lead role, with Sainkeet Kamat, Usha Naik, Shubhangi Bhujbal and Suhas Sirsat in supporting roles. It tells the story of an ASHA health worker navigating personal and social challenges. Centrally themed on patriarchy and the impact of superstitions on women's reproductive rights, body autonomy and her health. At its heart, this is a film about women exercising agency within limited choices.

The film was selected for 21st third eye Asian film festival. The film won Best Social Film award at 61th Maharashtra State Film Awards. The film was theatrically released on 19 December 2025.

Rinku Rajguru
Prerana "Rinku" Mahadeo Rajguru (born 3 June 2001) is an Indian actress primarily working in Marathi and  Hindi language films, best known for her role in the film Sairat for which she won a National Film Award, a Maharashtra State Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards Marathi. In 2025, at the 61st Maharashtra State Film Awards, Rajguru was honoured with the Smita Patil Best Actress Award for her performance in the film Asha.
Key square
In chess, particularly in endgames, a key square (also known as a critical square) is a square such that if a player's king can occupy it, he can force some gain such as the promotion of a pawn or the capture of an opponent's pawn.  Key squares are useful mostly in endgames involving only kings and pawns.  In the king and pawn versus king endgame, the key squares depend on the position of the pawn and are easy to determine.  Some more complex positions have easily determined key squares while other positions have harder-to-determine key squares.  Some positions have key squares for both White and Black.

Glossary of chess
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.

For a list of:

unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece;

terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems;

named opening lines, see List of chess openings;

chess-related games, see List of chess variants;

terms general to board games, see Glossary of board games.
2008 Glasgow East by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Glasgow East was held on 24 July 2008, triggered by the resignation of incumbent Labour Party MP David Marshall, who stood down on health grounds. It was won by Scottish National Party candidate John Mason, who defeated Labour's Margaret Curran.

The election was significant as it was the second safe Labour seat to be contested, and to be lost, since a downturn in political fortunes for the incumbent Labour government under the premiership of Gordon Brown, and was also held in the wake of the resignation of Scottish Labour leader Wendy Alexander. The seat was the third-safest Labour seat in Scotland, and their 26th safest seat in the UK. Curran subsequently regained the seat for Labour at the 2010 general election.

Margaret Curran
Margaret Patricia Curran, Baroness Curran (born 24 November 1958), is a Scottish Labour Party politician. She served in the House of Commons as the member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow East from 2010 and 2015, and was Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland from 2011 until 2015.

Curran was previously the member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Glasgow Baillieston from 1999 to 2011, and held a number of posts within the Scottish Executive, including as Minister for Parliamentary Business, Minister for Social Justice, and Minister for Communities. She also served as Minister of State in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero from May to June 2025.
Indonesian names
Indonesian names and naming customs reflect the multicultural and multilingual nature of the over 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago. The world's fourth most populous country, Indonesia is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with their own culture, custom, and language.

The naming customs by no means are consistent, and may differ by ethnic group. For example, most western Indonesians do not have surnames (exceptions: Bataks, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, and some Dayaks), while eastern Indonesians generally do (exceptions: Balinese, West Nusa Tenggara people, and some ethnic groups in Sulawesi).

Javanese name
Javanese names (Javanese: ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ​ꦗꦮ, jeneng Jawa; ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁ​ꦗꦮꦶ, jeneng Jawi) refers to the personal names used by individuals (primarily Javanese) originally from the Indonesian island of Java, and parts of the world (by the diaspora). Javanese names reflect the rich cultural, linguistic, and historical heritage of the Javanese people, the largest ethnic group in Southeast Asia, who traced their ultimate ancestral origin to the island of Java. These names are deeply rooted in a combination of indigenous Javanese cultural traditions, but to some extent, also draw from foreign religious influences or elements. The structure, meaning, and use of Javanese names have evolved over centuries, yet many traditional patterns still endure.
Federal University of Applied Sciences Kachia
The Federal University of Applied Sciences Kachia (FUASK), is a public university in Kachia, southern Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was established in 2025 on the seized properties of Nok University (established in 2021 as the first indigenous private university in the state). The university is the first university of applied sciences in Nigeria.

Nok University Kachia
Nigeria portal

Schools portal

Nok University Kachia (NUK), was a private university in Kachia, southern Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was established on February 3, 2021, as the first indigenous private university in the state (the first private university in the state is Greenfield University). Following a legal tussle between the founder of the school, Anthony Hassan, and the Nigerian Federal government agency, the EFCC, an interim forfeiture of all the school assets was granted on June 1, 2022, by a Federal High Court in Abuja and a final order of forfeiture on June 7, 2024. In February 2025, however, its assets were handed over to be used for the newly approved Federal University of Applied Sciences Kachia by the Federal Government of Nigeria.
Mataram (train)
Mataram is an passenger train with the executive & economy that operated by Kereta Api Indonesia which between Pasar Senen & Solo Balapan via Purwokerto & Yogyakarta.

The train only offer daily each way, like morning schedule heading to Jakarta Pasar Senen, while night schedule heading to Solo Balapan around 570 km (354 mil) in 7 hours 48 minutes.

Pasar Senen railway station
Pasar Senen Station (PSE) is a railway station located in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the second largest railway station in Jakarta after Gambir Station. It is located close to Pasar Senen market area in Senen, Senen, Central Jakarta. The current building was built in 1918 and inaugurated on 19 March 1925.

Pasar Senen only serves Economy and Business class intercity train except Gumarang and Sawunggalih. It also serves as a station for northbound KRL Commuterline trains.
Sweden Solar System
The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest permanent scale model of the Solar System. The Sun is represented by Avicii Arena in Stockholm (still known by most as Globen), the largest hemispherical building in the world. The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities along the Baltic Sea. The system was started by Nils Brenning, professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and Gösta Gahm, professor at the Stockholm University. The model represents the Solar System on the scale of 1:20 000 000, i.e. one metre represents 20,000 km.

Avicii Arena
Avicii Arena, originally known as the Stockholm Globe Arena and previously as the Ericsson Globe, but commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen (Swedish: [ˈɡlǔːbɛn] ⓘ; lit. 'the Globe'), is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City, Johanneshov district of Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the name changes, the local metro station is still named Globen metro station.

The arena represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System, the world's largest scale model of the Solar System.
Skhul Cave
Skhul Cave (Levantine Arabic: مَغَارَة السخول, romanized: mġaret es-Skhūl, lit. 'Young Goat Cave') or Me'arat HaGedi (Hebrew: מערת הגדי) is a prehistoric archaeological site situated about 20 kilometres (12.4 miles) south of the city of Haifa, Israel, and about 3 km (1.9 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea.

Together with the nearby caves of Tabun, Jamal, and El Wad, Skhul Cave is part of the Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve
The Caves of Nahal Me’arot / Wadi el-Mughara ("Caves Creek"), named here by the Hebrew and Arabic name of the valley where they are located, are a UNESCO Site of Human Evolution in the Carmel mountain range near Haifa in northern Israel.

The four UNESCO-listed caves are:

Tabun or Tanur Cave (lit.: "Oven")

Gamal or el-Jamal Cave ("Camel")

El Wad or Nahal Cave ("Stream")

Skhul or Gedi Cave ("Kid")

The four caves were proclaimed a site of "outstanding universal value" by UNESCO in 2012. They are protected within a nature reserve.

The caves were used for habitation by hominins and prehistoric humans and contain unique evidence of very early burials, at the archaeological site of el-Wad cave in the Nahal Me'arot Nature Reserve.
Burke's Landed Gentry
Burke's Landed Gentry (originally titled Burke's Commoners) is a reference work listing families in Great Britain and Ireland who have owned rural estates of some size. The work has been in existence from the first half of the 19th century, and was founded by John Burke. He and successors from the Burke family, and others since, have written in it on genealogy and heraldry relating to gentry families.

It has evolved alongside Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage. The two works are regarded as complementing each other. Since the early 20th century, the work includes families that historically possessed landed property.

John Burke (genealogist)
John Burke (12 November 1786 – 27 March 1848) was an Irish genealogist, and the original publisher of Burke's Peerage. He was the father of Sir Bernard Burke, a British officer of arms and genealogist.
Dolly Dearest
Dolly Dearest is a 1991 American supernatural horror film directed by Maria Lease starring Denise Crosby, Rip Torn, Sam Bottoms, Chris Demetral, Candace Hutson and Lupe Ontiveros. The film was initially supposed to be direct-to-video, but it did get a limited theatrical release in the Midwestern United States.

Lupe Ontiveros
Guadalupe Ontiveros (née Moreno; September 17, 1942 – July 26, 2012) was an American actress best known for portraying Rosalita in The Goonies, and Yolanda Saldívar in the film Selena. She acted in numerous films and television shows. Ontiveros was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on Desperate Housewives and received critical acclaim for her role in Chuck & Buck, for which Ontiveros won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress, and was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award.
Plainview-Old Bethpage Central School District
The Plainview-Old Bethpage Central School District (POBCSD) is the public school district which serves the Nassau County, Long Island communities of Plainview and Old Bethpage, as well as small parts of Farmingdale.

Old Bethpage, New York
Old Bethpage is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located on Long Island in the Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 5,283 at the 2020 United States census. It is served by the Old Bethpage Post Office, ZIP code 11804.

Old Bethpage and its neighboring hamlet, Plainview, share a school system, library, fire department and water district. Law enforcement for the community is provided by the Nassau County Police Department's Eighth Precinct.
Vrokastro
35°07′12″N 25°44′41″E﻿ / ﻿35.1199°N 25.7447°E﻿ / 35.1199; 25.7447
Vrokastro was an ancient Minoan civilization settlement in the Lasithi regional unit of eastern Crete, Greece. It overlooks the Gulf of Mirabello.

The site was a mountain citadel located on a hill 1,5 km east of Priniatikos Pyrgos, another very early archaeological site. Nearby, there's a small resort town of Kalo Chorio, Lasithi.

Yet another important archaeological site in the area is Vasiliki, Lasithi. There's an Archaeological Museum in nearby Agios Nikolaos, Crete.

Priniatikos Pyrgos
35°7′40″N 25°43′52″E﻿ / ﻿35.12778°N 25.73111°E﻿ / 35.12778; 25.73111

Priniatikos Pyrgos is an archaeological site near the Istron River in the eastern Cretan regional unit of Lasithi (Greece). The nearest big town is Agios Nikolaos, Crete. The site is on a coastal promontory. It appears to have been first settled in the Final Neolithic, circa 3000 BC. Nearby, there's a small resort town of Kalo Chorio, Lasithi. It is not to be confused with Myrtos Pyrgos on the south coast.
Hu Nim
Hu Nim (Khmer: ហូ នឹម, 25 July 1930 or 1932 – 6 July 1977), alias "Phoas" (ភាស់), was a Cambodian Communist intellectual and politician who held a number of ministerial posts. His long political career included spells with the Sangkum regime of Prince Norodom Sihanouk, the Communist guerrilla resistance, the GRUNK coalition government-in-exile, and the administration of Democratic Kampuchea, when the country was controlled by the Communist Party of Kampuchea (the Khmer Rouge).

Nim had a reputation as one of the most independent-minded and outspoken members of the Khmer Rouge, and was eventually arrested, tortured and executed at Tuol Sleng security prison in 1977 during a party purge.

GRUNK
The Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (French: Gouvernement royal d'union nationale du Kampuchéa, GRUNK; Khmer: រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា) was a government-in-exile of Cambodia, based in Beijing and Hong Kong, that was in existence between 1970 and 1976, and was briefly in control of the country starting from 1975.

The GRUNK was based on a coalition (the FUNK, acronym for "National United Front of Kampuchea") between the supporters of exiled Head of State Prince Norodom Sihanouk and the Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmer", an appellation he had himself coined for the members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea). It was formed, with Chinese backing, shortly after Sihanouk had been deposed in the 1970 Cambodian coup d'état; the Khmer Rouge insurgents had until that point been fighting Sihanouk's Sangkum regime.
Municipality of Waterloo
The Municipality of Waterloo was a local government area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The municipality was proclaimed on 16 May 1860 and, with an area of 3.4 square kilometres, included the modern suburbs of Waterloo, Zetland and Rosebery. The suburb of Alexandria was originally included as the Western Ward of the council but seceded as a separate municipality in 1868. After several attempts to amalgamate with various neighbours in the mid-1920s, the council was amalgamated with the City of Sydney, along with most of its neighbours, with the passing of the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948, although parts of the former council area were transferred in 1967 to the City of South Sydney.

City of South Sydney
The South Sydney City Council was a local government area covering the inner-eastern and inner-Southern Sydney suburbs of Sydney. It was forcibly merged with the Sydney City Council by the Government of New South Wales in 2004. The council chambers were located in the Erskineville Town Hall, with the administrative offices at Joynton Avenue in Zetland. The administrative offices were relocated to the TNT Towers in Redfern in 2001.
Once Upon a Time in Triad Society
Once Upon a Time in Triad Society (旺角揸Fit人) is a 1996 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Cha Chuen-yee. The film is a spin-off of the Young and Dangerous film series, focusing on the character of Ugly Kwan, played by Francis Ng.

Francis Ng
Francis Ng Chun-yu (Chinese: 吳鎮宇; born 21 December 1961) is a Hong Kong actor and director. He is known for his roles in the TVB series Old Time Buddy (1997) and Triumph in the Skies (2003), as well as in films such as Bullets Over Summer (1999), The Mission (1999), 2000 AD (2000), Juliet in Love (2000), and Infernal Affairs II (2003).
Gopichand (actor)
Tottempudi Gopichand (born 12 June 1979) is an Indian actor who works primarily in Telugu cinema. Known for his roles in action films, he made his debut with Tholi Valapu (2001) in a lead role. After playing an antagonist in films such as Jayam (2002), Nijam (2003), and Varsham (2004), he got his breakthrough as a protagonist with Yagnam in 2004.

His notable works include Andhrudu (2005), Ranam (2006), Lakshyam (2007), Souryam (2008), Golimaar (2010), Sahasam (2013), Loukyam (2014), Jil (2015), Goutham Nanda (2017), Seetimaarr (2021), and Pakka Commercial (2022). He is fondly referred to as "Action Star" and "Macho Star".

Andhrudu
Andhrudu (transl. 'Andhra man') is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romantic action drama film written and directed by Paruchuri Murali and produced by M. L. Kumar Chowdary. The film stars Gopichand and Gowri Pandit in her debut role, with music composed by Kalyani Malik. The film follows an Andhra man who travels to the lawless land of Bihar to win back his lover after she calls off their engagement, while dealing with her family's conflicts and the violent gangs involved.

Andhrudu was a commercial success at the box office. The film was remade in Tamil as Konjam Sirippu Konjam Kobam (2011).
Union Pacific Big Springs robbery
The Union Pacific Big Springs Robbery was a robbery of a Union Pacific train near present-day Big Springs, Nebraska on September 18, 1877. The robbery was perpetrated by a gang of six outlaws led by Sam Bass. Though there were no fatalities, the bandits reportedly stole $60,000 in newly minted $20 gold pieces that was being shipped from the San Francisco Mint to a bank in the eastern United States, among other valuables. Contemporary press coverage of the sensational heist made Bass and his gang of "Black Hills Bandits" instantly famous. It remains the largest single robbery in the history of the Union Pacific Railroad. Several of the gang members were killed in the days following the robbery, but Bass escaped.

Sam Bass (outlaw)
Samuel Bass (July 21, 1851 – July 21, 1878) was a 19th-century American train robber, outlaw, and outlaw gang leader.  Notably, he was a member of a gang of six that robbed a Union Pacific train in Nebraska of $60,000 in newly minted gold from San Francisco, California. To date, this is the biggest train robbery to have been committed in the USA. He died as a result of wounds sustained in a gun battle with law enforcement officers.