hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vagusstoff
Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate. Discovered in 1921 by physiologist Otto Loewi, vagusstoff was the first confirmation of chemical synaptic transmission and the  first neurotransmitter ever discovered. It was later confirmed to be acetylcholine, which was first identified by Sir Henry Hallett Dale in 1914.  Because of his pioneering  experiments, in 1936 Loewi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he shared with Dale.

Otto Loewi
Otto Loewi (German: [ˈɔtoː ˈløːvi] ⓘ; 3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German-born pharmacologist and psychobiologist who discovered the role of acetylcholine as an endogenous neurotransmitter. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936, which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, who was a lifelong friend that helped to inspire the neurotransmitter experiment. Loewi met Dale in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's laboratory at University College, London.
This Addiction (song)
"This Addiction" is a song by the punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the first single from their 2010 album This Addiction. The single was released as a digital download through online retailers on January 12, 2010, and as a 7" single exclusively through Hot Topic stores on February 9, 2010.

This Addiction
This Addiction is the seventh studio album by Chicago-based rock band Alkaline Trio, released February 23, 2010 as the first release by their newly formed record label Heart & Skull, a joint venture with Epitaph Records. Described as a return to the band's punk rock roots, it was recorded at Atlas Studios in their hometown of Chicago with Matt Allison, the same location and producer used for much of their early material. The album draws lyrical inspiration from the band members' personal lives, addressing themes such as love, addiction, death, divorce, grief, suicide, politics, and war. It became the highest-charting album of the band's career, debuting on the Billboard 200 at #11 and also reaching #1 on the Rock, Independent, and Alternative Albums charts.
Kiev Arsenal January Uprising
The Kiev Arsenal January Uprising (Ukrainian: Січневе повстання, romanized: Sichneve povstannya), sometimes simply called the January Uprising or the January Rebellion, was a Bolshevik-organized workers' armed revolt that started on 29 January [O.S. 16 January] 1918, at the Arsenal Factory in Kiev during the Ukrainian–Soviet War. The goal of the uprising was to sabotage the ongoing elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly and to support the advancing Red Army. The forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) managed to quell the uprising by 4 February [O.S. 22 January] 1918.

Arsenal Factory
50°26′24″N 30°32′32″E﻿ / ﻿50.4400°N 30.5422°E﻿ / 50.4400; 30.5422

Arsenal Special Device Production State Enterprise (Ukrainian: Казенне підприємство спеціального приладобудування «Арсенал», romanized: Kazenne pidpryiemstvo spetsialnoho pryladobuduvannya Arsenal), also known as the Arsenal Factory, is one of the oldest factories in Kyiv.
Battle of Xiakou
The Battle of Xiakou was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Biao in 203 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces attempted to conquer Jiangxia Commandery (present-day Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei), which was defended by Liu Biao's general, Huang Zu. The battle was inconclusive as Sun Quan's forces were unable to capture Jiangxia even when Huang Zu retreated. The battle is not to be confused with the Battle of Jiangxia that took place five years later, which concluded with victory for Sun Quan over Huang Zu.

Huang Zu
Huang Zu (Chinese: 黃祖; pinyin: Huáng Zǔ, pronunciationⓘ) (died between February and April 208) was a Chinese military general and politician during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He served as the Administrator of Jiangxia Commandery (江夏郡; around present-day Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei) under Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan). He is best known for killing the warlord Sun Jian in an ambush during the Battle of Xiangyang (191) and resisting an invasion by the warlord Sun Quan (Sun Jian's son) at the Battle of Xiakou (203). He was defeated and killed at the Battle of Jiangxia in 208 against Sun Quan's forces.
Milford Historic District (New Jersey)
The Milford Historic District is a 139-acre (56 ha) historic district located along Bridge, Carpenter, Church, Spring Garden, Green, and Maple Streets in the borough of Milford in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 21, 2025, for its significance in community development and industry. The district includes 253 contributing buildings, 7 contributing structures, and 5 contributing sites. The Upper Black Eddy–Milford Bridge is an important contributing property, connecting the community to Upper Black Eddy, Pennsylvania.

Upper Black Eddy–Milford Bridge
The Upper Black Eddy–Milford Bridge is a free bridge that crosses over the Delaware River in the United States. Owned and operated by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission, it carries Bridge Street, connecting CR 519 in Milford, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, with Pennsylvania Route 32 in Upper Black Eddy, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

The bridge currently has a 55-ton (49-metric ton) weight limit, the heaviest free bridge on the Delaware.
Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic qualification
Qualification for women's artistic gymnastics competitions at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 28 July 2024 at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules). The results of the qualification determined the qualifiers to the finals: 8 teams in the team final, 24 gymnasts in the individual all-around final, and 8 gymnasts in each of 4 apparatus finals. The competition was divided into five subdivisions.

Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around
The women's artistic team all-around event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held on 28 July and 30 July 2024 at the Accor Arena (referred to as the Bercy Arena due to IOC sponsorship rules). It was contested by 11 teams of five gymnasts and one team of four gymnasts.

Ten days before the competition, Japanese officials removed 19-year-old Shoko Miyata from the Japanese team for smoking and drinking alcohol, which are prohibited in Japan for those under 20. Since Miyata was removed for a reason other than injury, Team Japan chose to not provide a substitute athlete and the Japanese women's team competed with only four athletes.
Yatela Mine
The Yatela Mine is an open-pit gold mine situated near Yatela, 25 km north of Sadiola, in the Kayes Region of Mali. It is a single-pit operation. Commencing operation in 2001, heap leaching together with carbon-loading is carried out at a rate of approximately 2.9 million tonnes per year. The final step of eluting carbon and smelting the gold in the gold recovery process is completed at the Sadiola Gold Mine.

Apart from Yatela and Sadiola, AngloGold Ashanti's also operates the Morila Gold Mine in Mali. The production of its mines in Mali contributed 8 percent to the company's overall production in 2008.

Morila Gold Mine
The Morila Gold Mine (French: Mine d'or de Morila) is an open-pit gold mine situated 180 km south-east of Bamako, near the community of Sanso, in the Sikasso Region of Mali. The Mine is a 100% owned by the Government of Mali through the operating company Societe des Mines de Morila SA.

With production starting in October 2000 Morila became one of West Africa’s most prolific gold mines, yielding over 7.5 million ounces since then and earning the nickname “Morila the Gorilla” for its high-grade output. It was previously operated as a joint venture between AngloGold Ashanti, Randgold (now Barrick Mining Corporation), and the Malian state. After being acquired by Australian company Firefinch in 2020, the mine faced operational challenges and was abandoned in 2022. In June 2025, the Malian government took full control, aiming to revive the site under national ownership despite uncertainties around financing and rehabilitation.
Charlène Guignard
Charlène Edith Magali Guignard (French: [ʃaʁlɛn ɡiɲaʁ]; born 12 August 1989) is a French-Italian ice dancer. Competing for Italy with Marco Fabbri, she is the 2026 Olympic Games team event bronze medalist, a two-time World medalist, a six-time European medalist (including three gold), a four-time Grand Prix Final medalist, a 13-time Grand Prix medalist,  and eight-time Italian national champion (2019–26). The two are also eight-time Lombardia Trophy champions, two-time Golden Spin of Zagreb champions, and eight-time Italian national silver medalists. They represented Italy at the 2014, 2018, 2022 and 2026 Winter Olympics.

Guignard previously skated for France, appearing at two World Junior Championships with Guillaume Paulmier.

Lilah Fear
Lilah Fear (born 11 June 1999) is a British ice dancer. Representing Great Britain with her skating partner, Lewis Gibson, she is the 2025 World bronze medalist; theirs was the first World medal for Britain in 41 years. Fear is also a four-time European medalist, a two-time Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, a ten-time Grand Prix medalist (including four gold), an eight-time ISU Challenger Series gold medalist, and an eight-time British national champion (2017, 2019–2020, 2021–2026).
Császár polyhedron
In geometry, the Császár polyhedron (Hungarian: [ˈt͡ʃaːsaːr]) is a nonconvex toroidal polyhedron with 14 triangular faces.

This polyhedron has no diagonals; every pair of vertices is connected by an edge. The seven vertices and 21 edges of the Császár polyhedron form an embedding of the complete graph K7 onto a topological torus. Of the 35 possible triangles from vertices of the polyhedron, only 14 are faces.

Complete graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a complete graph is a simple undirected graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge.  A complete digraph is a directed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a pair of unique edges (one in each direction).

Graph theory itself is typically dated as beginning with Leonhard Euler's 1736 work on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg. However, drawings of complete graphs, with their vertices placed on the points of a regular polygon, had already appeared in the 13th century, in the work of Ramon Llull. Such a drawing is sometimes referred to as a mystic rose.
Shchors (film)
Shchors (Russian: «Щорс») is a 1939 Soviet biopic film directed by Oleksandr Dovzhenko and Yuliya Solntseva. Commissioned by Joseph Stalin, the film is a biography of the partisan leader and Ukrainian Bolshevik Nikolai Shchors. Shchors is played by Yevgeny Samoylov (1912–2006).

Yevgeny Samoylov
Yevgeny Valerianovich Samoylov (Russian: Евгений Валерианович Самойлов; 16 April 1912 – 17 February 2006) was a Soviet actor who gained prominence in youthful heroic parts and was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1974. He was the father of Tatiana Samoilova, best known for her lead role in The Cranes Are Flying (1957).
Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi
Ayatollah Al Sayyed Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi, (Abdel Hussein Charafeddine, Sharafeddine, or Sharafeddin) (Arabic: آية اللّٰه السيد عبدالحسين شرف الدين الموسوي العاملي (المقدس)), was a Shi'a Twelver Islamic scholar who has widely been considered a social reformer, activist,  and modern founder of the city of Tyre in Southern Lebanon.
He was known for his nonviolent efforts against the French mandate in Lebanon, for which the French encouraged an unsuccessful assassination attempt against him.

Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre is a city in Lebanon, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, and Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1984. The historian Ernest Renan described it as "a city of ruins, built out of ruins".

Tyre is the fifth-largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon, and Baalbek. It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh.
Maclean Island
The Maclean Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 1.11-hectare (2.7-acre) uninhabited granite islet, situated in Banks Strait, part of Bass Strait, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth, Tenth, Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Baynes, St Helens, Foster, Swan, Little Swan, Cygnet and Paddys islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets.

Cygnet Island
The Cygnet Island, part of the Waterhouse Island Group, is a 0.5-hectare (1.2-acre) granite islet situated in Banks Strait, part of Bass Strait, lying close to the north-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia.

Other islands in the Waterhouse Group include Ninth, Tenth, Waterhouse, Little Waterhouse, Maclean, Baynes, Foster, Swan, Little Swan, St Helens and Paddys islands and Bird Rock and George Rocks islets.
Architecture of Limerick
Limerick, like many other cities in Ireland, boasts a rich history of remarkable architecture. A document from 1574, prepared for the Spanish ambassador, provides a detailed description of the city's wealth and architectural features:

Limerick is more formidable and aesthetically superior to all other cities in Ireland, with robust walls made of hewn marble. The city is accessible only by stone bridges, one of which features 14 arches, while the other has 8. The majority of the houses are constructed from square blocks of black marble, built in the form of towers and fortresses.

Several notable examples of this architectural heritage remain, including the 800-year-old St. Mary's Cathedral and King John's Castle.

Newtown Pery, Limerick
Newtown Pery (/ˈpɛriː/; Irish: Baile Nua Pheire) is an area of central Limerick, Ireland, and forms the main city centre (or CBD) of the city. The district is known for its Georgian architectural heritage and is the core area of Limerick's Georgian Quarter. It is one of the three towns that make up modern-day Limerick City Centre, the other two being the older Englishtown and Irishtown, which date from the medieval period. Newtown Pery houses the largest collection of Georgian townhouses in Ireland outside of Dublin. In 1837, Samuel Lewis in his Topographical Dictionary of Ireland described Newtown Pery as "one of the handsomest towns in Ireland".
Economic Espionage Act of 1996
The Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104–294 (text) (PDF), 110 Stat. 3488, enacted October 11, 1996) was a 6 title Act of Congress dealing with a wide range of issues, including not only industrial espionage (e.g., the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act), but the insanity defense, matters regarding the Boys & Girls Clubs of America, requirements for presentence investigation reports, and the United States Sentencing Commission reports regarding encryption or scrambling technology, and other technical and minor amendments.

Title 18 of the United States Code
Title  18 of the United States Code is the main criminal code of the federal government of the United States.  The Title deals with federal crimes and criminal procedure. In its coverage, Title 18 is similar to most U.S. state criminal codes, typically referred to by names such as Penal Code, Criminal Code, or Crimes Code. Typical of state criminal codes is the California Penal Code. Many U.S. state criminal codes, unlike the federal Title 18, are based on the Model Penal Code promulgated by the American Law Institute.

Title 18 consists of five parts. Four of these, Parts I through IV, concern crimes, criminal procedure, prisons and prisoners, and juvenile delinquency, respectively, and were included in the original title when it was enacted in 1948. The fifth part, concerning witness immunity, was not included in the original title but was added in 1970.
Trans TV
PT Televisi Transformasi Indonesia, commonly known as Trans TV, is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster based in South Jakarta. Launched on December 15, 2001, it is owned by Chairul Tanjung. Programming consists of newscasts, movies, drama series, variety shows, quiz shows, and children's television series. Trans TV was Indonesia's main broadcaster of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, showing most group matches and all of the final matches, which led to the channel topping Indonesian television ratings as of June 19, 2018.

Trans7
PT Duta Visual Nusantara Tivi Tujuh (previously PT Duta Visual Nusantara), operating as Trans7 or TRANS7 in all caps (stylized TRɅNS|7, pronounced Trans Tujuh in Indonesian, formerly known as TV7) is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster owned by Trans Media, a part of Trans Corp, which in turn is a subsidiary of CT Corp. The channel was officially launched as TV7 on 25 November 2001 at 5:00 PM local time. The final transmission and broadcast aired on 15 December 2006 at 19:00 WIB. The network was then sold by Kompas Gramedia to Trans Media and changed the name from TV7 to Trans7.
Valerio Fioravanti
Giuseppe Valerio Fioravanti (born 28 March 1958) is an Italian terrorist and actor, who was a leading figure in the far-right Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (Armed Revolutionary Nuclei, or NAR). Fioravanti appeared in films and television at a young age, and was considered the most famous child in Italy. He and Francesca Mambro were fugitives wanted for terrorist offences by their early twenties, and went on the run as suspects in the Bologna bombing. Both were captured after gunfights with police, and later found guilty. They were sentenced to ten life sentences plus 250 years. Fioravanti was released from prison in 2009.

Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari
The Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (English: "Armed Revolutionary Nuclei"), abbreviated NAR, was an Italian neo-fascist armed militant organization active during the Years of Lead from 1977 to November 1981. It committed over 100 murders in four years, and had planned to assassinate the politicians Francesco Cossiga, Gianfranco Fini and Adolfo Urso. The group maintained close links with the Banda della Magliana, a Rome-based criminal organization, which provided such logistical support as lodging, false papers, weapons, and bombs to the NAR. In November 1981, it was discovered that the NAR hid weapons in the basements of the Health Ministry. The first trial against them sentenced 53 people in May 1985 on charges of terrorist activities.
Oleksander Hrekov
Oleksander Petrovych Hrekov (Ukrainian: Олександр Петрович Греков; 4 December 1875 – 2 December 1958) was a general of the Imperial Russian Army and Ukrainian People's Army. He was a commander-in-chief of the army of the West Ukrainian National Republic during the Polish-Ukrainian War and architect of the Chortkiv offensive in which the Ukrainian Galician Army advanced 120 km (75 mi) against the Polish army.

Ukrainian Galician Army
The Ukrainian Galician Army (abbr.  UGA; Ukrainian: Українська галицька армія [УГА], romanized: Ukrainska halytska armiia [UHA]), was the combined military of the West Ukrainian People's Republic during and after the Polish-Ukrainian War. It was called the Galician army initially.
The Boy Who Dared
The Boy Who Dared is a 2008 novel by American children's author Susan Campbell Bartoletti.  It is based upon the true story of Helmuth Hübener, a 17 year old sentenced to death by the Nazis during World War II. He was arrested and executed by guillotine on October 27, 1942.

Bartoletti fleshed out one episode from her non-fiction Newbery Honor Book, Hitler Youth: Growing Up in Hitler's Shadow (2006), into this novel.

Helmuth Hübener
Helmuth Günther Guddat Hübener (8 January 1925 – 27 October 1942) was a German youth who was executed at age 17 by beheading for his opposition to the Nazi regime. He was the youngest person of the German resistance to Nazism to be sentenced to death by the Sondergericht ("special court") People's Court (Volksgerichtshof) and executed.
Worms Revolution
Worms Revolution is a 2D artillery turn-based tactics video game developed by Team17 and is part of the Worms series. It was released on PlayStation 3, Windows via Steam and Xbox 360 in October 2012. An OS X version was released on June 6, 2013. A PlayStation Vita version including all three previously released downloadable packs and titled Worms Revolution Extreme was released on October 8, 2013. This version of the game was included as part of a promotional bundle alongside the PlayStation TV system. Like previous games in the series, gameplay is 2D and turn-based, but it is rendered with a new 3D engine. There are both single player and multiplayer modes with up to four players online or local hotseat.

Worms (series)
Worms is a series of artillery tactical video games developed by British company Team17. In these games, small platoons of anthropomorphic worms battle each other across a destructible landscape with the objective being to become the sole surviving team. The games are noted for their cartoony animation and extensive use of surrealism and slapstick humour.

The game, whose concept was devised by Andy Davidson, was described by the Amiga gaming press as a cross between Cannon Fodder and Lemmings. It is part of a wider genre of turn-based artillery games involving projectile weapons; similar games include Scorched Earth (1991), Gorillas (1991) and Artillery Duel (1983).
Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn
Gaston VII de Montcada (Latin: Guasto de Biarde; 1225 – 26 April 1290), called Froissard, was the twentieth Viscount of Béarn from 1229. He was the son and heir of Guillermo II de Montcada of the House of Montcada and of Garsenda, daughter of Alfonso II of Provence and Garsenda of Forcalquier. He was succeeded by Roger-Bernard III of Foix.

Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix
Roger-Bernard III (1243 – 3 March 1302) was the Count of Foix from 1265 to his death. He was the son of Roger IV of Foix and Brunissende of Cardona. He entered into conflicts with both Philip III of France and Peter III of Aragon, who held him in captivity for a time. He was nevertheless a distinguished poet and troubadour.
Viking Soul Food
Viking Soul Food is a Scandinavian restaurant in Portland, Oregon, United States. The business operates in southeast Portland's Woodstock neighborhood and previously operated from Airstream trailer in the Sunnyside neighborhood. Viking Soul Food has been featured on the Food Network's Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives.

Woodstock, Portland, Oregon
Woodstock is a neighborhood located in inner Southeast Portland, Oregon, United States. It is one of the city's oldest neighborhoods, platted in 1889. Notable buildings include the Woodstock Community Center, the Woodstock Library, and Woodstock School.

Woodstock is bounded on the north by Holgate Boulevard, east by 45th and 60th Streets, south by Johnson Creek, and west by Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard (formerly 39th Avenue). Woodstock borders the neighborhoods of Reed and Eastmoreland on the west, Creston-Kenilworth on the north, Mt. Scott-Arleta and Brentwood-Darlington on the east, and Ardenwald-Johnson Creek on the south.