hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Avinash Balkrishna Patwardhan
Avinash Balkrishna Patwardhan (born 30 August 1953) is a civil engineer and a researcher on Indian classical music from Maharashtra. He is one of the few to unveil and demonstrate the Sarana Chatushtai as originally suggested by Bharata Muni in the Bharata Natya Shastra, the only way to obtain 22 srutis, or notes useful to music, on a musical instrument.

Sarana Chatushtai
Within Indian classical music for Shruti, Sarana Chatushtai is an experiment. The purpose is to obtain the correct physical configuration of Śruti swara arrangement to Shadja Grama Notes on a veena instrument (Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni corresponding to 4-3-2-4-4-3-2 totalling 22 Srutis in a Saptak). The experiment is described in Abhinavabharati, a commentary to Natya Shastra, as an explanation after verse 28.26 of Natyashastra. The 22 Srutis are the only notes which can be useful for music in an “octave”, in this view. The sections below describe the experiment.
Fernando Codá Marques
Fernando Codá dos Santos Cavalcanti Marques (born in 1979) is a Brazilian mathematician working mainly in geometry, topology, partial differential equations and Morse theory. He is a professor at Princeton University. In 2012, together with André Neves, he proved the Willmore conjecture. Since then, among proving other important conjectures, Marques and Neves greatly extended Almgren–Pitts min-max theory to prove theorems about minimal surfaces.

Almgren–Pitts min-max theory
In mathematics, the Almgren–Pitts min-max theory (named after Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. and his student Jon T. Pitts) is an analogue of Morse theory for hypersurfaces.

The theory started with the efforts for generalizing George David Birkhoff's method for the construction of simple closed geodesics on the sphere, to allow the construction of embedded minimal surfaces in arbitrary 3-manifolds.

It has played roles in the solutions to a number of conjectures in geometry and topology found by Almgren and Pitts themselves and also by other mathematicians, such as Mikhail Gromov, Richard Schoen, Shing-Tung Yau, Fernando Codá Marques, André Neves, Ian Agol, among others.
Maryland Route 514
Maryland Route 514 (MD 514) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The highway runs 4.89 miles (7.87 km) from MD 20 in Chestertown north to MD 298 at Melitota in central Kent County. MD 514 was built in the late 1940s and early 1950s from the Chestertown end and extended to Melitota in the late 1980s.

Kent County, Maryland
Kent County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2020 census, its population was 19,198, making it the least populous county in Maryland. Its county seat is Chestertown. The county was named for the county of Kent in England. The county is part of the Mid-Eastern Shore region of the state and is the oldest county in Maryland.

Along with Caroline and Garrett Counties, it is one of three counties in the state that are not part of a metropolitan statistical area.
Khume Ramulifho
Nkhumeni "Khume" Ramulifho (born 27 February 1979) is a South African politician of Rise Mzansi, previously the Democratic Alliance where he served as Federal Youth Leader and a member of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature for the party. From October 2011, he was the DA Gauteng South Chairperson, until joining Rise Mzansi in January 2024.

Rise Mzansi
RISE Mzansi (RISE) is a South African political party founded in April 2023. It is led by Songezo Zibi, a former newspaper editor and co-founder of the Rivonia Circle think tank. The party characterises their ideology as social democratic but has been defined elsewhere as neoliberal.
Geto Boys
The Geto Boys (originally spelled Ghetto Boys) were an American hip-hop group originally formed in Houston. In the 1990s, they had commercial success with a lineup consisting of Bushwick Bill, Willie D, and Scarface. Their 1991 single "Mind Playing Tricks on Me" peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. Formed in 1986, the group was active until the 2019 death of Bushwick Bill.

The group's lyrics discussed controversial subject matter including misogyny, violence, psychotic experiences, and drug addiction. About.com ranked the Geto Boys No. 10 on its list of the 25 Best Rap Groups of All-Time, describing them as "southern rap pioneers who led to future southern hip-hop acts."

Mind Playing Tricks on Me
"Mind Playing Tricks on Me" is a song by Geto Boys, featured on their 1991 album We Can't Be Stopped. The lyrics describe the mental anguish and exhaustion of life as a gangster, including dealing with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, paranoia, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. It also samples "Hung Up on My Baby" by Isaac Hayes, from his 1974 film Tough Guys. At the song's peak, it reached 23 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it the highest-charting single by the Geto Boys.
7th (Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers
The 7th (Merionethshire & Montgomeryshire) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was a Welsh unit of Britain's Territorial Force. First raised in 1897, it fought at Gallipoli and in Palestine during World War I, and in the campaign in North West Europe during World War II. A duplicate battalion was converted to the paratroop role. Postwar the battalion was converted into anti-aircraft artillery, then reverted to infantry in 1956 after it amalgamated with a neighbouring unit.

6th (Caernarvonshire and Anglesey) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers
The 6th (Caernarvonshire & Anglesey) Battalion, Royal Welch Fusiliers, was a Welsh unit of the British Army's auxiliary forces. Formed in 1908, from Volunteer units that dated back to 1860, it fought  at Gallipoli, in Egypt and Palestine during World War I, and in the campaign in North West Europe during World War II. Postwar it was converted to the anti-aircraft artillery role, then reverted to infantry in 1956 after it amalgamated with a neighbouring unit.
Iain Softley
Iain Declan Softley (born 30 November 1956) is an English film director, producer, and screenwriter. His films include Backbeat, Hackers, The Wings of the Dove, K-PAX, The Skeleton Key, Inkheart and the BBC adaptation of Sadie Jones's novel The Outcast.

The Wings of the Dove (1997 film)
The Wings of the Dove is a 1997 romantic drama film directed by Iain Softley and starring Helena Bonham Carter, Linus Roache, and Alison Elliott. The screenplay by Hossein Amini is based on the 1902 novel by Henry James. The film was nominated for four Academy Awards and five BAFTAs, recognizing Bonham Carter's performance, the screenplay, the costume design, and the cinematography.
News-Times (Forest Grove)
The News-Times is a weekly newspaper covering the cities of Forest Grove and Hillsboro in the U.S. state of Oregon. Established in 1886 and with coverage focused on Forest Grove for most of its history, the paper expanded coverage to Hillsboro, when, in August 2019, its owner launched a separate Hillsboro edition of the News-Times to replace the Hillsboro Tribune. The News-Times is published on Wednesdays. It is owned by Pamplin Media Group, which publishes other community newspapers in the Portland metropolitan area.

Pamplin Media Group
The Pamplin Media Group (PMG) is a media conglomerate owned by Carpenter Media Group and operating primarily in the Portland metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Oregon. Robert B. Pamplin, Jr. founded the company in 2001 and sold it to Carpenter in 2024. As of 2019, the company owns 25 newspapers and employs 200 people.

Each chain writes and edits its own stories and shares them with each other and several subscribers, including newspapers in Medford, Corvallis, and Albany.
Fun Is Beautiful
Un sacco bello, internationally released as Fun Is Beautiful, is a 1980 Italian comedy film. The film, produced by Sergio Leone, marked the directorial debut of Carlo Verdone, as well his debut as main actor and as screenwriter. For this film Verdone won a special David di Donatello Awards and the Nastro d'Argento for best new actor.

Carlo Verdone
Carlo Gregorio Verdone (born 17 November 1950) is an Italian actor, screenwriter and film director. Best known for his comedic roles in Italian classics which he also wrote and directed such as Fun Is Beautiful and Bianco, rosso e Verdone, he has introduced more serious subjects in his work since the 1990s, including Damned the Day I Met You and My Best Enemy.
Tony Colston
Antonio Colston (born June 24, 1981) is an American former professional football quarterback. He played college football at Tennessee Tech and Tusculum. He was a member of the Tennessee Valley Vipers of the af2, the CenTex Barracudas and Odessa Roughnecks of the Intense Football League (IFL), the Alabama Vipers and Georgia Force of the Arena Football League (AFL), the Bolzano Giants of the Italian Football League, and the Knoxville NightHawks and Alabama Hammers of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL).

Knoxville NightHawks
The Knoxville NightHawks were a professional indoor football team based in Knoxville, Tennessee. The team was a member of the  Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL). The NightHawks joined the PIFL in 2012 as an expansion team. The NightHawks were the second indoor/arena football team based in Knoxville, following the Tennessee ThunderCats which played in the Indoor Professional Football League for the 2001 season before joining the National Indoor Football League where they played the 2002 and 2003 seasons (the latter of which they played as the Tennessee Riverhawks) before moving to Greenville, South Carolina. The Owner of the NightHawks was Southern Sports Entertainment, LLC. The NightHawks played their home games at the James White Civic Coliseum in Knoxville, Tennessee.
Carolina Moscheni
Carolina Moscheni (born 23 May 1996) is a retired Italian ice dancer. With previous partner Francesco Fioretti, she was a two time Italian national silver medalist (2021,2022). With previous partner Andrea Fabbri, she was the 2019 Italian national bronze medalist.

She previously represented Hungary, first with partner Ádám Lukács, with whom she placed fourteenth at the 2014 World Junior Championships; and subsequently, briefly, with Balázs Major.

Ádám Lukács
Ádám Lukács (born 25 June 1996) is a Hungarian ice dancer. With his skating partner, Anna Yanovskaya, he is a three-time Hungarian national champion (2018–19, 2021) and has competed in the final segment at three ISU Championships. With his former skating partner, Carolina Moscheni, he placed 14th at the 2014 World Junior Championships.
John III, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
John III of Saxe-Lauenburg (mid 1330s – 1356) was the eldest son of Duke Albert IV of Saxe-Lauenburg and Beata of Schwerin (*?–before 1341*), daughter of Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin. John III succeeded his father in 1343 as Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln, a branch duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg. He died without an heir and was succeeded by his younger brother Albert V.

Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
Albert IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (1315 – 1343) was a Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. He was the eldest son of John II of Saxe-Lauenburg and Elisabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg (*ca. 1300–before 1340*), sister of Gerard III the Great. In 1321 Albert IV succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln, a branch duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, while his mother served as regent, before she remarried Eric Christoffersen (*1307–1331*), a son of King Christopher II and co-ruler in Denmark.
Sagar Alias Jacky Reloaded
Sagar Alias Jacky Reloaded is a 2009 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Amal Neerad. It is a spiritual spin-off of the 1987 film Irupatham Noottandu. The film was written by S. N. Swamy and produced by Antony Perumbavoor under the company Aashirvad Cinemas. The film stars Mohanlal in the title role, with an ensemble cast of Suman, Shobana, Bhavana, Sampath Raj, Manoj K. Jayan, Jagathy Sreekumar, Rahul Dev, Nedumudi Venu, K. B. Ganesh Kumar, Vinayakan, Shereveer Vakil, Sumeet Naval, Sona Nair, V.K Sreeraman, Jinu Joseph and Bala in other pivotal roles.

Sagar Alias Jacky Reloaded released on 26 March 2009 and mainly received mixed reviews from critics and audience with praise towards its direction, music and cast performances, but criticism directed towards its pace and writing. The film won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Choreography for Dinesh Kumar.

Bhavana (actress)
Karthika (born 6 June 1986), known by her stage name Bhavana, is an Indian film actress who predominantly appears in Malayalam and Kannada films. She made her acting debut at the age of 15 with the Malayalam film Nammal (2002). Bhavana is a recipient of several accolades, including two Kerala State Film Awards and a Filmfare Award South.
Jack Chambers (artist)
John Richard Chambers RCA (March 25, 1931 – April 13, 1978) was an artist and filmmaker. Born in London, Ontario, Chambers' painting style shifted from surrealist-influenced to photo-realist-influenced. He used the term "Perceptual Realism" and later "perceptualism" to describe his style. He began working with film in the 1960s, completing six by 1970. Stan Brakhage proclaimed Chambers' The Hart of London as "one of the greatest films ever made."

The Hart of London
The Hart of London is a 1970 experimental Canadian film directed by Jack Chambers. Stan Brakhage proclaimed it as "one of the greatest films ever made". The film is shown in black and white and colour, and includes found news footage from 1954, film shot by the artist years earlier in Spain, and film shot by the artist in London, Ontario.

The film is preoccupied with the tensions between nature and the city of London: "It explores life and death, the sense of place and personal displacement, and the intricate aesthetics of representation. It is a personal and spiritual film, marked inevitably by Chambers' knowledge that he had leukemia."
Ōno, Ōita
Ōno (大野町, Ōno-machi) was a town located in Ōno District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,317 and the density of 48.56 persons per km2. The total area was 109.49 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Ōno, along with the towns of Asaji, Inukai, Mie and Ogata, and the villages of Chitose and Kiyokawa (all from Ōno District), was merged to create the city of Bungo-Ōno.

Chitose, Ōita
Chitose (千歳村, Chitose-mura) was a village located in Ōno District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,468 and the density of 115.17 persons per km2. The total area was 21.43 km2.

On March 31, 2005, Chitose, along with the towns of Asaji, Inukai, Mie, Ogata and Ōno, and the village of Kiyokawa (all from Ōno District), was merged to create the city of Bungo-Ōno.
Julie Belgraver
Julie Belgraver (born 4 July 2002) is a French–Dutch tennis player.

Belgraver has a career-high singles ranking by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) of 233, which she achieved on 21 July 2025. She also has a career-high doubles ranking of 215, achieved on 8 September 2025. She has won three singles and seven doubles titles on the ITF Women's World Tennis Tour.

Belgraver made her Grand Slam debut at the 2019 French Open, after receiving a wildcard for the doubles main draw, partnering Mylène Halemai.

She is the daughter of former professional player Noëlle van Lottum.

Mylène Halemai
Mylène Halemai (born 11 August 2001) is a French professional tennis player and beauty pageant titleholder.

Halemai has a career-high WTA singles ranking of 794, achieved on 31 December 2018. She also has a career-high WTA doubles ranking of 503, reached on 9 March 2020.

Halemai has won five doubles titles on tournaments of the ITF Circuit. She made her main-draw debut on a Grand Slam event at the 2019 French Open, after receiving a wildcard for the doubles competition partnering Julie Belgraver.

In 2020, she was crowned Miss Wallis and Futuna 2020, and represented the region at Miss France 2021.
Tim Bogert
John Voorhis "Tim" Bogert III (August 27, 1944 – January 13, 2021) was an American multi-instrumentalist musician and frequent collaborator with drummer Carmine Appice; the duo performed in such bands as Vanilla Fudge, Cactus, and the power trio Beck, Bogert & Appice.. As a bass guitarist and vocalist he was best known for his powerful vocal ability and his fast runs, fluid agility and ground-breaking sound on his Fender Precision Bass. He was one of the pioneers of using distortion with his bass to help it cut through the mix with the low-powered amps of his time, which also imparted a very sharp-edged sound to it.

Cactus (American band)
Cactus is an American rock band formed in 1969. The lineup of 1970 and 1971, consisting of bassist Tim Bogert, drummer Carmine Appice, guitarist Jim McCarty and singer Rusty Day, released three albums. A new lineup of  Bogert, Appice, guitarist Werner Fritzschings, keyboardist Duane Hitchings on keyboards and singer Peter French released the band's fourth album in 1972. The band currently comprises Jimmy Kunes as lead singer, guitarist Paul Warren, drummer Appice, bassist Jimmy Caputo and Randy Pratt on harmonica.
Turk Broda
Walter Edward "Turk" Broda (May 15, 1914 — October 17, 1972) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. A goaltender, Broda played his entire career for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1936 and 1951, taking a brief hiatus from 1943 to 1946 to fight in the Second World War. The 1940-41 season saw him win his first Vezina Trophy with a GAA of 2.00 to go along with being named to the NHL First All-Star Team. The following season saw him backstop the team to the Stanley Cup championship, recording a shutout and a record of 8-5.

Broda added another Vezina Trophy and First All-Star Team selection in 1948 while winning four more Stanley Cups. He was the first goaltender to reach 300 wins, doing so in 1950. After retiring from active play, Broda coached minor league and junior ice hockey teams. In 2017 Broda was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Vezina Trophy
The Vezina Trophy (/vɛzənə/ VEH-zə-nə) is awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) goaltender who is "adjudged to be the best at this position". At the end of each season, the thirty-two NHL general managers vote to determine the winner. It is named in honour of Georges Vezina, goaltender of the Montreal Canadiens from 1910 until 1925, who died in 1926 of tuberculosis. The trophy was first awarded after the 1926–27 NHL season and was awarded to the top goaltender. From 1946–47 to 1981–82, the trophy went to the goaltender(s) of the team allowing the fewest goals during the regular season; since the 1981–82 season, the William M. Jennings Trophy has been awarded for this accomplishment.

The most recent winner is Connor Hellebuyck who won his third overall and second consecutive for the 2024–25 season.
Aram Yerganian
Aram Yerganian (Armenian: Արամ Երկանեան; 20 May 1900 – 2 August 1934) was an Armenian revolutionary who was noted for his assassination of Behaeddin Sakir and Fatali Khan Khoyski as an act of vengeance for their roles in the Armenian genocide and the massacre of Armenians in Baku respectively. He is considered an Armenian national hero.

Fatali Khan Khoyski
Fatali Khan Iskandar Khan oghlu Khoyski (Azerbaijani: فتحعلی خان اسکندر خان اوغلی خویسکی, Fətəli xan İsgəndər xan oğlu Xoyski; 7 December [O.S. 25 November] 1875 – 19 June 1920) was an Azerbaijani attorney, a member of the Second State Duma of the Russian Empire, Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Defense and, later the first Prime Minister of the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
Bitter Rice
Bitter Rice (Italian: Riso amaro [ˈriːso aˈmaːro, ˈriːzo -]) is a 1949 Italian neorealist crime drama film directed and co-written by Giuseppe De Santis,  produced by Dino De Laurentiis, and starring Vittorio Gassman, Doris Dowling, Silvana Mangano, and Raf Vallone. The story follows a pair of fugitives, who hide among the rice fields of northern Italy. The Italian title of the film is based on a pun; since the Italian word riso can mean either "rice" or "laughter", riso amaro can be taken to mean either "bitter laughter" or "bitter rice".

Released by Lux Film, Bitter Rice was a commercial success in Europe and the United States. It was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1949 Cannes Film Festival, and was nominated for the 1950 Academy Award for Best Story.

In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage’s 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."

Giuseppe De Santis
Giuseppe De Santis (11 February 1917 – 16 May 1997) was an Italian film director. One of the most idealistic neorealist filmmakers of the 1940s and '50s, he wrote and directed films punctuated by ardent cries for social reform.

He was the brother of Italian cinematographer Pasqualino De Santis. His wife was Gordana Miletic (native spelling: Miletić), a Yugoslav actress and former ballet dancer.
Harmony (Three Dog Night album)
Harmony is the fifth studio album by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1971 (see 1971 in music). The album featured two Top 10 hits: "An Old Fashioned Love Song" (U.S. #4) and a cover version of Hoyt Axton's "Never Been to Spain" (U.S. #5).

Never Been to Spain
"Never Been to Spain" is a song written by Hoyt Axton, originally released on his 1971 LP Joy to the World and later that year performed by Three Dog Night, with Cory Wells on lead vocal. It was featured on their 1971 album Harmony. The recording was produced by Richard Podolor.
Africaine
Africaine is a collection of 1959 recordings by jazz artist Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers. The collection was not released until over 20 years after it was recorded. The album features tenor-saxophonist Wayne Shorter in his first recording with The Jazz Messengers, trumpeter Lee Morgan, pianist Walter Davis, Jr. and bassist Jymie Merritt.

Jymie Merritt
Jymie Merritt (/dʒɪmi/; May 3, 1926 – April 10, 2020) was an American jazz bassist, bandleader, and composer. Merritt was a member of Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers group from 1957 until 1962. The same year he left Blakey's band, Merritt formed his own group, The Forerunners, which he led sporadically until his death in 2020. Merritt also worked as a sideman for blues and jazz musicians such as Bull Moose Jackson, B.B. King, Chet Baker, Max Roach, Dizzy Gillespie, and Lee Morgan.
2-Norbornyl cation
In organic chemistry, the term 2-norbornyl cation (or 2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl cation) describes a carbonium ionic derivative of norbornane. A salt of the 2-norbornyl cation was crystallized and characterized by X-ray crystallography to confirm the non-classical structure.

Carbonium ion
In chemistry, a carbonium ion is a cation that has a pentacoordinated carbon atom. They are a type of carbocation.  In older literature, the name "carbonium ion" was used for what is today called carbenium. Carbonium ions charge is delocalized in three-center, two-electron bonds.  The more stable members are often bi- or polycyclic.
Cacophony (Paris Paloma album)
Cacophony is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter and guitarist Paris Paloma. The album was produced by Paloma and Justin Glasco. It was released on 30 August 2024 through Nettwerk Music Group. Incorporating elements of dark pop, folk, and indie, the album addresses themes such as feminine identity, emotional struggle, and societal expectations. Inspired in part by Greek mythology and structured loosely around the hero's journey, the 15-track release features layered vocals and varied instrumentation.

The album was preceded by seven singles, including the commercially successful "Labour", and was promoted through live performances, a European tour, and fan events. Cacophony received generally positive reviews from critics, who highlighted its thematic coherence, songwriting, and production.

Labour (song)
"Labour" is a song by British singer-songwriter Paris Paloma released on 24 March 2023. It is the lead single from her debut studio album, Cacophony (2024). The track is described as an anthem that addresses issues of gender inequality within societal structures.