hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sudbury school
A Sudbury school is a type of school, usually for the K-12 age range, where students have complete responsibility for their own education, and the school is run by a direct democracy in which students and staff are equal citizens. Students use their time however they wish, and learn as a by-product of ordinary experience rather than through coursework. There is no predetermined educational syllabus, prescriptive curriculum or standardized instruction. The adults are referred to simply as staff rather than teachers.

This is a form of democratic education and fulfills the criteria of a democratic school.

Democratic school
A Democratic School refers to an alternative school that meets the following criteria:

Classes are voluntary. Learning is self-directed and takes place without a curriculum.

The school is run to the greatest possible extent by a direct democracy in which students and teachers have an equal voice in decision-making.

Students are free to spend their time as they choose, as long as they do not violate the rules made by the school community.

Democratic Schools are places where the concept of democratic education is put into practice and provide an environment for autodidacticism.

The term was first used by the Democratic School of Hadera in 1987.
Facebook Home
Facebook Home was a user interface layer for Android smartphones. Developed by the company then known as Facebook (now Meta Platforms), the software was designed to be a drop-in replacement for the device's existing home screen ("launcher"). It provided a replacement home screen that allowed users to easily view and post content on Facebook along with launching apps, a replacement lock screen that displayed notifications from Facebook and other apps, and an overlay which allowed users to chat via Facebook messages or SMS from any app. Facebook Home was unveiled at a press event on April 4, 2013, and was released on April 12, 2013 for a limited selection of devices from HTC and Samsung Electronics—including the HTC First, a new smartphone pre-loaded with the software. Facebook is no longer supporting or providing updates for Facebook Home.

HTC First
The HTC First is an Android smartphone released by HTC on April 12, 2013. It was unveiled on April 4, 2013, as part of a press event held by Facebook. Serving as a successor to a pair of Facebook-oriented devices HTC released in 2011, it was the first and only Android device to be pre-loaded with Facebook's own user interface layer, Facebook Home, in lieu of HTC's own Sense.

While considered compelling by critics for a mid-range phone due to its display quality and its optional use of stock Android beneath the default Facebook Home overlay, the HTC First was panned by critics for its poor camera and lack of removable storage, and was also affected by the similarly underwhelming reception faced by the Facebook Home software. AT&T, the exclusive U.S. carrier of the First, only reportedly sold over 15,000 units of the device, while both ReadWrite and Time named it among the biggest failures in the technology industry for 2013.
Fort Canning MRT station
Fort Canning MRT station is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Downtown Line (DTL), located on the boundary of Museum and Singapore River planning areas, Singapore. Situated on the northern bank of the Singapore River, the station is at the foot of Fort Canning, which the station is named after. The station serves various developments including UE Square and Clarke Quay, as well as Fort Canning Park.

First announced as River Valley MRT station in August 2010, constructing the connecting tunnels to the station was one of the most complex projects on the DTL. It involved the diversion of the Singapore River, while the tunnels to the adjacent Bencoolen station had to be constructed near existing operational tunnels. Starting operations on 21 October 2017 along with the DTL Stage 3 stations, the station is designed to reflect the locality. An artwork Through His Eyes is featured as part of the Art-in-Transit programme.

Fort Canning Hill
Fort Canning Hill, or simply known as Fort Canning, is a prominent hill, about 48 metres (157 ft) high, in the southeast portion of Singapore, within the Central Area that forms Singapore's central business district.

The hill has a long history intertwined with that of the country due to its location as the highest elevation within walking distance to the city's civic district, within the Downtown Core. It is also a popular location for exhibitions, concerts, and outdoor recreation.
Commoner (academia)
A commoner is a student at certain universities in the British Isles who historically pays for his own tuition and commons, typically contrasted with scholars and exhibitioners, who were given financial emoluments towards their fees.

Sizar
At Trinity College Dublin and the University of Cambridge, a sizar /ˈsaɪzər/ is an undergraduate who receives some form of assistance such as meals, lower fees or lodging during their period of study, in some cases in return for doing a defined job.
Ring of Bright Water (film)
Ring of Bright Water is a 1969 British comedy-drama film directed by Jack Couffer and starring Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna. It is a story about a Londoner and his pet otter living on the Scottish coast. The story is fictional, but is adapted from the 1960 autobiographical book of the same name by Gavin Maxwell. It featured the stars of Born Free (1966), another film about a close relationship between humans and a wild animal.

Bill Travers
William Inglis Lindon Travers (3 January 1922 – 29 March 1994) was a British actor, screenwriter, director and animal rights activist. Before his show business career, he served in the British Army with Gurkha and special forces units.
Bendola
The Bendola is a river that flows through the Alpes-Maritimes department of southeastern France. It is 15.9 km (9.9 mi) long. It is a left tributary of the Roya. Its source is in the Ligurian Alps, east of Saorge, near the border with Italy. It discharges into the river Roya near Saorge.

Roya (river)
The Roya (French, [ʁwaja]), Roia (Italian), or Ròia (Brigasc, Occitan) is a river of France and Italy, discharging into the Ligurian Sea. It is 59 km (37 mi) long, of which 40.1 km (24.9 mi) in France. Its drainage basin is about 660 km2 (250 sq mi), of which 601 km2 (232 sq mi) in France.
Walt Simonson
Walter Simonson (born September 2, 1946) is an American comic book writer and artist, best known for a run on Marvel Comics' Thor from 1983 to 1987, during which he created the character Beta Ray Bill. He is also known for the creator-owned work Star Slammers, which he inaugurated in 1972 as a Rhode Island School of Design thesis. He has also worked on other Marvel titles such as X-Factor and Fantastic Four, on DC Comics books including Detective Comics, Manhunter, Metal Men and Orion, and on licensed properties such as Star Wars, Alien, Battlestar Galactica and Robocop vs. Terminator.

Simonson has won numerous awards for his work and has influenced artists such as Arthur Adams and Todd McFarlane.

He is married to comics writer Louise Simonson, with whom he collaborated as penciller on X-Factor from 1986 to 1989.

Orion (character)
Orion is a fictional superhero appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. He is the son of Darkseid and half-brother of Kalibak and Grayven who was traded to Highfather as part of a peace deal between Apokolips and New Genesis. Since then, Orion has assisted the New Gods of New Genesis against his father and was also a member of the Justice League.

Orion has appeared in various media outside comics, primarily in association with the New Gods. Steve Sandor, Ron Perlman, and Benjamin Diskin have voiced the character in animation.
Lirim Zendeli
Lirim Zendeli (born 18 October 1999 in Bochum) is a German-born racing driver of Macedonian-Albanian descent. He currently competes in Porsche Carrera Cup Italy for BeDriver, having previously made his way up the racing ladder, from taking the ADAC Formula 4 title in 2018 to winning in FIA Formula 3 and racing in Formula 2.

David Schumacher (racing driver)
David Schumacher (born 23 October 2001) is a German racing driver competing in the 2025 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup with HRT Ford Performance racing team. A member of the Schumacher racing family, he is the son of former Formula One driver Ralf Schumacher, nephew of seven-time Formula One world champion Michael Schumacher and his wife Corinna, a Western riding European Champion, and the cousin to racing driver Mick Schumacher and Western riding Gina-Maria Bethke.
Oxley Wild Rivers National Park
The Oxley Wild Rivers National Park is a protected national park that is located in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia in the Port Macquarie-Hastings City Council and Walcha Shire councils. The 145,223-hectare (358,850-acre) park is situated 445 kilometres (277 mi) north of Sydney and is named in memory of the Australian explorer John Oxley, who passed through the area in 1818 and is one of the largest national parks in New South Wales.

The park is part of the Hastings-Macleay Group World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.

The Oxley Wild Rivers National Park (OWRNP) was World Heritage listed in recognition of the extensive dry rainforest that occurs within the park, and the associated rich biodiversity that includes several rare or threatened plants and animals. There are at least fourteen waterfalls in the park.

Gondwana Rainforests
The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, formerly known as the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, are the most extensive area of subtropical rainforest in the world. Collectively, the rainforests are a World Heritage Site with fifty separate reserves totalling 366,500 hectares (906,000 acres) from Newcastle to Brisbane.
Every Scene Needs a Center
Every Scene Needs a Center is the fifth studio album from the indiepop band Tullycraft. Arguably, the band’s most ambitious album, Every Scene Needs A Center ranges from punky bursts to mid-tempo near-ballads. The band spent over a year working on the mini-epic album, splitting time between a professional recording studio and their own studio, recording entirely on analog tape. The album reached #29 on the CMJ Top 200 chart in 2007.

Tullycraft
Tullycraft is an American indie pop band from Seattle, Washington, that formed in 1995. They were an early part of the American twee pop movement. They are known for their DIY ethic, only releasing albums on independently owned and operated record labels.
Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground
Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground (Chinese: 將軍澳運動場), located in Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, is a multi-purpose sports ground and home of Hong Kong Premier League club Eastern. It was the main venue for track and field events for the 2009 Hong Kong Games, 2009 East Asian Games and 2011 Hong Kong Games.

Occupying an area of about 5.9 hectares, it comprises a main sports ground, a warm-up secondary sports ground, and other facilities for holding large-scale international competitions. Its track and field facilities conform to International Association of Athletics Federations standards. It is located adjacent to the Hong Kong Velodrome.

Hong Kong Velodrome
Hong Kong Velodrome is a velodrome in Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong. It has a 250-metre cycling track and spectator facilities for 3,000 people. It opened on 30 December 2013 next to the Tseung Kwan O Sports Ground.
Beat the Clock (song)
"Beat the Clock" is a song by American pop and rock duo Sparks. Produced by famed disco producer Giorgio Moroder, it was released as the fourth single from the band's eighth studio album Nº 1 in Heaven (1979).

The song peaked at number 10 in August 1979 and spent six weeks on the UK singles chart. It was their third and final top ten single in the UK.

No. 1 in Heaven
Nº 1 in Heaven is the eighth studio album by American pop and rock duo Sparks. Recorded with Italian disco record producer Giorgio Moroder, the album marked a change of musical direction for the group and became influential on later synth-pop bands.

Released on March 1, 1979 by Virgin Records (with initial copies on colored vinyl) and later licensed to Elektra Records in the US, Nº 1 in Heaven renewed interest in the band after disappointing sales of their preceding studio albums Big Beat (1976) and Introducing Sparks (1977). It is the band's only album on Elektra, the fourth label that the band was signed to in the US.
Sudhir Dar
Sudhir Dar (14 May 1932 – 26 November 2019) was an Indian cartoonist and illustrator. Starting with The Statesman in 1961, he went on to work as the political cartoonist with Hindustan Times from 1967 for over two decades. Subsequently, he joined The Pioneer and in 2000 started working as a freelancer.

The Pioneer (India)
The Pioneer is an English-language daily newspaper in India.
It is published from multiple locations in India, including Delhi. It is the second-oldest English-language newspaper in India still in circulation after The Times of India. In 2010, The Pioneer launched its Hindi version in Lucknow.
New England Baptist Hospital
New England Baptist Hospital (NEBH) is a 141-bed adult medical-surgical hospital in Boston, Massachusetts specializing in orthopedic care and complex orthopedic procedures. NEBH is an international leader in the treatment of all forms of musculoskeletal disorders and diseases.

NEBH is located atop Parker Hill in the Mission Hill neighborhood within walking distance of the Longwood Medical and Academic Area.

The hospital is a teaching affiliate of both the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Tufts University School of Medicine. It also conducts teaching programs in collaboration with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School.

Beth Israel Lahey Health is the parent non-profit holding company for New England Baptist, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, the Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Mount Auburn Hospital and others.

Lahey Hospital & Medical Center
The Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, formerly known as the Lahey Clinic, is a physician-led nonprofit teaching hospital of UMass Chan Medical School based in Burlington, Massachusetts. The hospital was founded in Boston in 1923 by surgeon Frank H. Lahey, M.D., and is managed by Beth Israel Lahey Health. U.S. News & World Report has cited it several times on its list of "America's Best Hospitals" in the category of urology.
Chicago Sun-Times
The Chicago Sun-Times is a daily nonprofit newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Since 2022, it is the flagship paper of Chicago Public Media, and has long held the second largest circulation among Chicago newspapers, after the Chicago Tribune.

The Sun-Times resulted from the 1948 merger of the Marshall Field III owned Chicago Sun and the Chicago Daily Times newspapers. Journalists at the paper have received eight Pulitzer Prizes, mostly in the 1970s; one recipient was the first film critic to receive the prize, Roger Ebert (1975), who worked at the paper from 1967 until his death in 2013. Long owned by the Marshall Field family, since the 1980s ownership of the paper has changed hands several times, including twice in the late 2010s. In 2022, the paper was acquired by Chicago Public Media—owner of public radio station WBEZ and transitioned to a non-profit model.

Chicago Daily Times
The Chicago Daily Times was a daily newspaper in Chicago from 1929 to 1948, and the city's first tabloid newspaper.  It was founded out of a reorganization of assets of the Chicago Daily Journal by the Journal's last owner, Samuel Emory Thomason.  It is best known as one of two newspapers which merged to form Chicago Sun-Times in 1948. For much of its existence, the paper also operated the small Chicago Times Syndicate, which distributed comic strips and columns.
2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
On 14 January 2023 at about 3:30 p.m., a Russian Kh-22 missile struck a nine-story residential building in Dnipro, Ukraine, on Naberezhna Peremohy St, 118, Sobornyi District in the right-bank part of the city, destroying one entrance and 236 apartments. On 19 January the official casualty rate was stated as 46 people killed (including 6 children) and 80 injured (12 in critical condition) and 11 people reported missing. 14 children were reported injured, and 39 inhabitants were rescued. The destruction left about 400 people homeless. The strike was part of months-long campaign of Russian strikes on Ukrainian civilians and civilian infrastructure that also had hit Dnipro.

This strike was the deadliest Russian attack on a residential building in Ukraine in the previous six months. three days of mourning was declared in Dnipro.

Dnipro strikes (2022–present)
During the Russo-Ukrainian war, the Russian Armed Forces have launched several missile attacks over the city of Dnipro in Ukraine. These have led to more than one hundred fatalities and about one thousand injuries among the civilian population.
Ernestine Bowes-Lyon
Ernestine Hester Maude Bowes-Lyon, Baroness de Longueuil (19 December 1891 – 6 January 1981) was born at Glamis Castle in Scotland, one of five children; her father Ernest Bowes-Lyon (son of the 13th Earl of Strathmore) died eight days after her birth, two days after Christmas, in a riding accident. He was a diplomat serving as a consul in Belgrade. Her mother was a Drummond, of the family of Drummonds Bank.

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (21 July 1824 – 16 February 1904), styled The Honourable Claude Bowes-Lyon from 1847 to 1865, was a Scottish peer. He was the 13th holder of the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne, the paternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, a great-grandfather of Elizabeth II, and great-great-grandfather of Charles III.
Division of O'Connor
The Division of O'Connor is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. It is one of Western Australia's three rural seats, and one of the largest electoral constituencies in the world.

Division of Durack
The Division of Durack (/ˈdjuːræk/) is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. It is the largest electorate in Australia by land area, at 1,410,947 km2 (544,769.7 sq mi). It stretches all the way along the coast from Guilderton to the Northern Territory border.

Since 2013, its MP has been Melissa Price of the Liberal Party.
Baloch Australians
Baloch Australians (Balochi: استرالیاءِ بلۏچ) or The Baloch of Australia are Australian citizens who are of Baloch ancestry or who hold Australian citizenship. There are measurable numbers of Baloch in Australia.

Dervish Bejah
Dervish Bejah Baloch (c.1862–1957), also known as Bejah Dervish, or simply Dervish, was a camel driver who played a significant role in the exploration and development of outback Australia, before settling in Marree, South Australia and growing date palms.
Miles W. Lederer
Miles William Lederer (December 30, 1897 – December 25, 1953) was an American politician.

Lederer was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and went to Northeast High School in Philadelphia. He served in the United States Army during World War I. Lederer worked in the office of the Pennsylvania Auditor General as an auditor and an investigator. He was involved with the Democratic Party. Lederer served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1949 until his death. His sons Raymond and William also served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly. His daughter-in-law Marie also served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly.

Marie Lederer
Marie A. Lederer (née Panosetti; October 24, 1927 – February 26, 2025) was an American politician from the state of Pennsylvania. She became the fourth member of her family to represent Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, serving from 1993 to 2007.
Rifle, Colorado
Rifle is a home-rule municipality in, and the most populous community of, Garfield County, Colorado, United States. Its population was 10,437 at the 2020 census. Rifle is a regional center of the cattle-ranching industry located along Interstate 70 and the Colorado River just east of the Roan Plateau, which dominates the western skyline of the town. The town was founded in 1882 by Abram Maxfield, and was incorporated in 1905 along Rifle Creek, near its mouth on the Colorado. The community takes its name from the creek.

Rifle Creek
Rifle Creek is a stream in Garfield County in the U.S. state of Colorado. It is a tributary of the Colorado River.

Rifle Creek starts at the confluence of West Rifle Creek and East Rifle Creek, and the junction is within the waters of the Rifle Gap Reservoir. The stream flows south and enters the Colorado after passing through the city of Rifle.

The creek's source is at 39°37′34″N 107°45′37″W﻿ / ﻿39.6260°N 107.7602°W﻿ / 39.6260; -107.7602, and it flows into the Colorado at 39°31′39″N 107°47′24″W﻿ / ﻿39.5276°N 107.7899°W﻿ / 39.5276; -107.7899.

Rifle Creek was named from an incident in which a rifle was found along its banks.
Józef Czempiel
Józef Czempiel (born 21 September 1883 in Piekary Śląskie – 4 May 1942) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, activist. He was murdered in Dachau concentration camp.

On 13 June 1999, Czempiel was among 108 Polish martyrs of World War II, beatified in Warsaw by Pope John Paul II.

108 Martyrs of World War II
The 108 Martyrs of World War II, known also as the 108 Blessed Polish Martyrs (Polish: 108 błogosławionych męczenników), were Catholics from Poland killed during World War II by German Nazis. Their liturgical feast day is 12 June. The 108 were beatified on 13 June 1999 by Pope John Paul II in Warsaw. The group comprises 3 bishops, 79 priests, 7 male religious, 8 female religious, and 11 lay people. There are two parishes named for the martyrs, in Powiercie in Koło County, and in Malbork.
Notes on the Cinematographer
Notes on the Cinematographer (French: Notes sur le cinématographe, a.k.a. Notes on Cinematography and Notes on the Cinematograph) is a 1975 book by the French filmmaker Robert Bresson. It collects Bresson's reflections on cinema written as short aphorisms.

J. M. G. Le Clézio wrote a preface for the 1988 edition. The book was first published in English in 1977, translated by Jonathan Griffin.

J. M. G. Le Clézio
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (French: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi ɡystav lə klezjo]; 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, of French, Mauritian, and British nationality, is a writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Procès-Verbal and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization".
Fly540 Angola
Fly540 Angola was a subsidiary of Fly540 that was based at Quatro de Fevereiro Airport in Luanda and Cabinda Airport in Cabinda, Angola. Parent company Fastjet suspended its operations in April 2014 pending restructuring, although it never resumed flights.

Fly540
Five Forty Aviation Ltd, trading as Fly540, is a low-cost airline based in Nairobi, Kenya. It commenced operations in 2006 with both passenger and cargo services. The airline had two subsidiary airlines, Fly540 Ghana (suspended in May 2014 and since sold) and Fly540 Angola (suspended in May 2014), but has since focused its business expansion plans in East Africa.  The company slogan is Your Local Airline.
William Vogt
William Vogt (15 May 1902 – 11 July 1968) was an American ecologist and ornithologist, with a strong interest in both the carrying capacity and population control. He was the author of the best-seller Road to Survival (1948), National Director of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and secretary of the Conservation Foundation.

Road to Survival
Road to Survival is a 1948 book by William Vogt.  It was a major inspiration for a certain strand of modern environmentalism as well as for the revival of Malthusianism—the so-called neo-Malthusianism—in the post-war era.