hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk
Eugen Böhm Ritter von Bawerk (short form: Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Austrian German: [fɔn bøːm ˈbaːvɛrk]; born Eugen Böhm, 12 February 1851 – 27 August 1914) was an Austrian-school intellectual and political economist who served intermittently as the Minister of Finance of Austria between 1895 and 1904. Böhm-Bawerk is noted for the theory of Roundaboutness, which emphasizes the time intensity, not only capital intensity, of investments in capital goods to increase productivity.  He advanced an interest rate theory centered on time preference. He also wrote an extensive critique of Marxism and Marx's labor theory of value.

Roundaboutness
Roundaboutness, or roundabout methods of production, is the process whereby capital goods are produced first and then, with the help of the capital goods, the desired consumer goods are produced. Roundaboutness states that more time-intensive and capital-rich methods of production may lead to greater long run productivity, even if in the short run they are less productive. This idea ties closely to other ideas on the time value of money and interest rates, where interest is a premium paid for deferring consumption in the present.

An argument against Böhm-Bawerk's theory of roundaboutness, in economies with compound interest, was presented by Paul Samuelson during the Cambridge capital controversy. Several Austrian economists, such as Carl Menger, Ludwig Lachmann, and Ludwig von Mises, either came to or started off rejecting roundaboutedness.

The concept, interpreted as rising technical composition of capital, is also used by some Marxian authors.
Henry Hall (footballer)
Henry Begg Hall (born 22 April 1945) is a  Scottish former football player and manager.

The peak of Hall's career as a player was when he was with for St Johnstone during the early 1970s, while Willie Ormond was manager; during this time they came third in the Scottish Football League and reached a Scottish League Cup Final. Hall made his name at Stirling Albion, and later served Dundee United and Forfar Athletic. He also managed Forfar and Montrose.

He taught physical education (PE) at Larbert High School and Falkirk High School in the early 1970s, Kirkton High School in the late 1970s and at Rockwell High School (Dundee) in the 1980s. Hall worked as a youth team coach for St Johnstone between 2000 and 2002. He was made redundant in 2002 as the club cut costs after they were relegated from the Scottish Premier League.

Willie Ormond
William Esplin Ormond OBE (23 February 1927 – 4 May 1984) was a Scottish football player and manager. As a player, Ormond was well known as one of Hibernian's Famous Five forward line, winning three league championships in the late 1940s and early 1950s. After a successful spell managing St Johnstone he led Scotland to the 1974 World Cup finals. Scotland were unbeaten at that World Cup, but were eliminated on goal difference.

Ormond was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1975 New Year Honours.
Gajil
Gajil is an ancient and historical district in Tabriz. The district is mainly famous for having one of the major gates of the older Tabriz in ancient times. In Pahlavi period, Golestan Park, is constructed in part of the Gajil district, which was previously used as a cemetery.

Golestan Park
38°04′36.66″N 46°16′49.91″E﻿ / ﻿38.0768500°N 46.2805306°E﻿ / 38.0768500; 46.2805306

Golestan Park is a park in Tabriz, Iran. The place, which was originally used as a public cemetery, was changed to a city park during the second Pahlavi era. A marble clock tower, which has been devastated recently, had been founded at the front of main entrance of the park.
Tyler Childers
Timothy Tyler Childers (/tʃɪldərz/ CHILL-dərz; born June 21, 1991) is an American country singer-songwriter. His music has been described as a mix of neotraditional country, bluegrass, folk, and honky-tonk. His breakthrough studio album, Purgatory (2017), was named one of the best albums of the year by several publications, and earned Childers an Americana Music Award. He subsequently received Grammy Award nominations for his albums Long Violent History (2020) and Rustin' in the Rain (2023) and the singles "All Your'n" (2019) and "In Your Love" (2023), the latter of which was his first top 10 hit on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart.

In Your Love
"In Your Love" is a song written, recorded, and produced by American country music singer Tyler Childers. The song is the lead single to Childers' album Rustin' in the Rain. Upon release, "In Your Love" received media attention for its music video, depicting a relationship between two gay coal miners in the 1950s. The song received nominations at the 66th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Country Solo Performance, Best Country Song, and Best Music Video.
Richard Turner (producer)
Richard Turner is a British radio producer for the BBC. He is one of the co-creators of the BBC Radio 4 panel show The Museum of Curiosity, along with John Lloyd, who also presents the series, and Dan Schreiber, who co-produces the series with Turner. He also worked as script editor for the BBC Radio 7 series The Penny Dreadfuls Present....

Dan Schreiber
Daniel Craig Schreiber (born 28 April 1984) is an Australian radio producer, writer, podcaster, and comedian based in London. He co-created the BBC Radio 4 panel show The Museum of Curiosity with host John Lloyd and co-producer Richard Turner and co-hosts the podcast No Such Thing As A Fish.
Hesseng
Hesseng is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The village lies about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the town of Kirkenes. The village of Hesseng lies at the intersection of the European route E105 and European route E6 highways. The other suburbs of Sandnes and Bjørnevatn lie just to the south of Hesseng. The 1.16-square-kilometre (290-acre) village has a population (2023) of 1,636 and a population density of 1,410 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,700/sq mi).

Sandnes, Finnmark
Sandnes (Norwegian), Kotajoki (Kven), Goađak (Northern Sami), or Kueʹttjokk (Skolt Sami) is a village in Sør-Varanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the town of Kirkenes between the suburban villages of Bjørnevatn and Hesseng. Sandnes has its own primary school.

The local sports club, Sandnes IL, runs one of Finnmark's best cross country arenas. Sandnes also has an alpine skiing resort, run by the same sports club, which is called Sandnes Alpine Center.
Orthothecida
The orthothecids are one of the two hyolith orders.

Marek diagnoses the order thus: Conchs with a flat or concave ventral surface — opercula with large, flat cardinal processes but without clavicles – tightly sigmoidal, sediment-filled
intestine – helens absent.

Sometimes the Circothecidae and Tetrathecidae are split out into a separate order 'Circothecida', which is defined by the bottom surface not being flat, the cardinal processes being pronounced, and a circular rim sometimes showing hints of differentiation into clavicles.

Hyolitha
Hyoliths are an extinct group of invertebrates with small conical shells, known from fossils from the Palaeozoic era. They are at least considered lophotrochozoans, possibly being lophophorates, a group which includes the brachiopods (hyoliths may even be brachiopods themselves), while others consider them as being basal lophotrochozoans, or even molluscs.
Broderick Perkins
Broderick Phillip Perkins (born November 23, 1954) is an American former professional baseball player. He played all or parts of seven seasons in Major League Baseball, from 1978 until 1984, for the San Diego Padres and Cleveland Indians, primarily as a first baseman. His only season as a full-time player was 1982, when he played in 125 games for the Padres, batting .271.

Born in Pittsburg, CA, Perkins was selected by the San Diego Padres in the 15th round of the 1976 draft, making his major league debut for them on July 7, 1978.  He played five seasons for the Padres, becoming their starting first baseman in 1982, appearing in 125 games.

In 1982 he was traded by the Padres along with Juan Eichelberger to the Cleveland Indians for Ed Whitson.  He played the 1983 and 1984 seasons for the Indians, splitting his time in the outfield and first base. His final major league game was on September 23, 1984 as the Indians released him on October 15, 1984.

Juan Eichelberger
Juan Tyrone Eichelberger (born October 21, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who was a pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB). He primarily played as a starting pitcher for the San Diego Padres (1978–1982) and was their opening day starter in 1982. He also had with stints with the Cleveland Indians (1983) and Atlanta Braves (1988). Eichelberger also pitched one season in Japan in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yakult Swallows (1989) and two seasons in the Senior Professional Baseball Association (SPBA).
Castlebar Celtic F.C.
Castlebar Celtic F.C. (Irish: Cumann Peile Caisleán an Bharraigh Ceiltigh) is an Irish association football club based in Castlebar, County Mayo. They currently play in the Mayo Association Football League. They have previously fielded teams in the League of Ireland U20 Division, the A Championship and the Connacht Senior League. The club previously operated a women's team.

A Championship
The A Championship, also known as the Newstalk A Championship for sponsorship reasons, was an association football league featuring League of Ireland reserve teams and emerging senior teams. It was a third level league in the Republic of Ireland football league system. It was formed in 2008 and disbanded following the 2011 season. Between 2009 and 2011 the league was sponsored by Newstalk. It was effectively absorbed into the League of Ireland U19 Division.
Sergey Makarov (javelin thrower)
Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarov (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Макаров; born March 19, 1973) is a former Russian javelin thrower. His personal best throw of 92.61 m, set in 2002, is the Russian record. Facing tough competition throughout his career from Jan Železný, Steve Backley and others, Makarov did not win any major competition until 2003, when he became World Champion at the age of 30.

Born into a sporting family, Makarov's father, Aleksandr, won the silver medal in the javelin throw at the 1980 Summer Olympics.

He is married to Oksana Ovchinnikova, former holder of the Russian record in women's javelin.

Jan Železný
Jan Železný (Czech pronunciation: [jan ˈʒɛlɛzniː] ⓘ; born 16 June 1966) is a Czech former track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He is a World and Olympic champion and holds the world record with a throw of 98.48 metres (323 ft 1 in). Widely considered the greatest javelin thrower of the modern era, he also has the fourth, fifth and sixth best performances of all time. He broke the world record a total of four times.
Ramki
Ramakrishnan (born 31 March 1962), better known by his stage name Ramki, is an Indian actor best known for his work in Tamil cinema. He made his debut in Chinna Poove Mella Pesu (1987). He was a leading actor from 1987 to 2004. He is well known by his unique hair style.

He was known for his performances in successful movies such as Senthoora Poove (1988), Maruthu Pandi (1990), Inaindha Kaigal (1990), Athma (1993), Karuppu Roja (1996) and RX 100 (2018).

He made his comeback in cinema after nine years and returned in a supporting role with the supernatural thriller film Masani (2013).

Karuppu Roja
Karuppu Roja (transl. Black Rose)  is a 1996 Indian Tamil-language dark fantasy film directed by Paneer, written by Aabavanan and produced by Ayngaran International. The film stars Ramki, Amar Siddique, Yosika, Vineetha amongst others. The project became the first DTS film in Indian cinema, and had music composed by M. S. V. Raja, his first music composing venture.
Davidson & Associates
Davidson & Associates, Inc. was an American developer of educational software based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1982 by husband-and-wife Bob and Jan Davidson, the latter of whom led the company as president until January 1997. Specializing in the production of edutainment software, the company was acquired by CUC International in February 1996 and served as the base for CUC's CUC Software division, being made responsible for the sales and distribution of the combined company.

Davidson owned several studios, including Funnybone Interactive, Learningways, Capitol Multimedia, and Blizzard Entertainment. Other subsidiaries included  First Byte, Maverick Software, Fas-Track and Educational Resources as well as Gryphon Software.

Davidson & Associates was known chiefly for their Blaster series of educational games, including Math Blaster as well as their licensed games based on the products of Fisher-Price.

JumpStart Games
JumpStart Games, Inc., formerly Knowledge Adventure, Inc., was an American edutainment video game company based in Torrance, California. Founded in 1991, it was acquired by Chinese holding company NetDragon Websoft in 2017.
Under Suspicion (1918 film)
Under Suspicion is a 1918 American silent film comedy-mystery directed by Will S. Davis and starring Francis X. Bushman and Beverly Bayne. Based upon the short story "The Woolworth Diamonds" by Hugh C. Weir that appeared in The Saturday Evening Post, it was produced and distributed by Metro Pictures.

This is a lost film.

Beverly Bayne
Beverly Bayne (born Pearl Beverly Bayne or Bain; November 11, 1894 – August 18, 1982) was an American actress who appeared in silent films beginning in 1910 in Chicago, Illinois, where she worked for Essanay Studios.
McKusick–Kaufman syndrome
McKusick–Kaufman syndrome (MKS) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the MKKS gene, which affect how cells develop and function. It is named after Dr. Robert L. Kaufman and Victor McKusick, who studied the condition and helped identify key features.

MKS can be difficult to recognize in infancy because it resembles Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS). While MKS mainly causes extra fingers or toes (postaxial polydactyly), fluid buildup in the vagina (hydrometrocolpos), and heart defects, BBS has more severe symptoms such as vision loss and obesity that usually appear later in life.

MKS is most common in the Old Order Amish population, where it affects about 1 in 10,000 people. The syndrome was first discovered in this group through a genetic method called positional cloning, which helped scientists identify the MKKS gene as the cause of this condition. Its prevalence outside the Amish population remains unknown.

MKKS
McKusick–Kaufman/Bardet–Biedl syndromes putative chaperonin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKKS gene.

This gene encodes a protein with sequence similarity to the chaperonin family. The encoded protein may have a role in protein processing in limb, cardiac and reproductive system development. Mutations in this gene have been observed in patients with Bardet–Biedl syndrome type 6 and McKusick–Kaufman syndrome. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.
Antonio Fernando de Medrano
Antonio Fernando de Medrano Langarica y Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz de Campezo, Álava – Madrid, 19 November 1666) was a 17th-century Basque barber-surgeon and a pioneer of medical professionalism in Spain who practiced in Madrid during the reign of Philip IV. A member of the respected Medrano family, he provided medical and surgical services, including bloodletting and minor operations, at a time when barber-surgeons played a crucial role in healthcare, particularly in rural areas. His professional standing is reflected in his estate, which included an extensive collection of surgical instruments, fine furniture, silverware, and a notable personal library containing medical, legal, and literary works. His will and posthumous inventory provide valuable insights into the material culture and medical practices of the period.

Barber surgeon
The barber surgeon was one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages, generally charged with caring for soldiers during and after battle. In this era, surgery was seldom conducted by physicians. Instead, barbers, who possessed razors and dexterity, were responsible for tasks ranging from cutting hair to pulling teeth to amputating limbs.

In this period, surgical mortality was very high due to blood loss, shock and infection. Yet, since doctors thought that bloodletting to balance "humours" would improve health, barbers also used bloodletting razors and applied leeches. Meanwhile, physicians considered themselves to be above surgery. Physicians mostly observed during surgery and offered consulting, but otherwise often chose academia or working in universities.
Sigara
Sigara is a genus of water boatmen in the family Corixidae. Some species within this genus are halophiles; for example, occurrences of the genus have been noted in the hypersaline Makgadikgadi Pans in Botswana.

Corixidae
Corixidae is a family of aquatic insects in the order Hemiptera. They are found worldwide in virtually any freshwater habitat and a few species live in saline water. There are about 500 known species worldwide, in 55 genera, including the genus Sigara.

Members of the Corixidae are commonly known as lesser water boatmen: the term used in the United Kingdom to distinguish species such as Corixa punctata from Notonecta glauca, or greater water-boatman, an insect of a different family, Notonectidae.
Women's Professional Billiards Championship
The Women's Professional Billiards Championship was an English billiards tournament held from 1930 to 1950. The tournament was first organised by Burroughes and Watts in 1930 and 1931, before the WBA ran the event until its conclusion in 1950. Joyce Gardner won the tournament on seven of the fourteen times that it was held, and was runner-up six times; the only time that she was not in the final was the 1940 tournament. The other players to hold the title were Thelma Carpenter who won four times, and Ruth Harrison who took three championship titles. Harrison's break of 197 in 1937 remains a women's record in competitive billiards.

The first six tournaments were held at Burroughes Hall in London. Apart from in 1939, when it was again at Burroughes Hall, all the subsequent editions were played at Thurston's Hall, which was closed due to bomb damage in 1940 and reopened in 1947 as Leicester Square Hall.

Thelma Carpenter (billiards player)
Thelma Carpenter (4 December 1911 – 1998) was an English player of English billiards and snooker. She won the World Ladies' Amateur Billiards Championship, now recognised as editions of the World Women's Billiards Championship, each year from 1932 to 1934. After turning professional in 1934, she won the Women's Professional Billiards Championship four times and the Women's Professional Snooker Championship once, retiring as the reigning champion of both in 1950.

She opened a billiards academy for women in 1934 and, in 1936, she was the first woman to commentate on sports for the BBC when she provided radio commentary for a billiards match. She died in 1998.
Frank Hadden
Frank Hadden (born 14 June 1954) is a Scottish rugby union coach. He is a former head coach of Scotland and Edinburgh Rugby.

Hadden replaced Matt Williams and was appointed on 15 September 2005. Hadden coached the Merchiston Castle School 1st XV after being appointed Head of Physical Education at the school in 1983. He coached several Scottish age-group teams before being appointed assistant coach of the Caledonian Reds in 1997. He was later appointed coach of Edinburgh Gunners (now Edinburgh Rugby) in 2000 prior to becoming the Scotland coach. He has since coached Scotland to notable wins over England and France in the 2006 Six Nations and again winning the Calcutta Cup against England in the 2008 Six Nations. He parted company with the national side on 2 April 2009 after a second consecutive disappointing Six Nations where they finished second bottom after winning just one match.

Merchiston Castle School
Merchiston Castle School is an independent boarding school for boys in the suburb of Colinton in Edinburgh, Scotland.  It has around 470 pupils and is open to boys between the ages of 7 and 18 as either boarding or day pupils; it was modelled after English public schools. It is divided into Merchiston Juniors (ages 7–13), Middle Years (ages 13–16) and a Sixth Form.
Dimitrie Pompeiu
Dimitrie D. Pompeiu (Romanian: [diˈmitri.e pomˈpeju]; 4 October [O.S. 22 September] 1873 – 8 October 1954) was a Romanian mathematician, professor at the University of Bucharest, titular member of the Romanian Academy, and President of the Chamber of Deputies.

University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (UB) (Romanian: Universitatea din București) is a public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on 4 July 1864 (1864-07-04) by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it one of the oldest Romanian universities. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium (a group of elite Romanian universities).

The University of Bucharest offers study programmes in Romanian and English and is classified as an advanced research and education university by the Ministry of Education.
Guthrie Govan
Guthrie Govan (/ˈɡʌvən/; born 27 December 1971) is an English guitarist and guitar teacher, known for his work with the bands the Aristocrats, Asia, GPS, the Young Punx and the Fellowship, as well as his solo project Erotic Cakes. More recently, he has collaborated with Steven Wilson and Hans Zimmer. He is a noted guitar teacher, working with the UK magazine Guitar Techniques, Guildford's Academy of Contemporary Music,  Lick Library, and formerly the Brighton Institute of Modern Music. Govan was named "Guitarist of the Year" by Guitarist magazine in 1993.

GPS (band)
GPS were a progressive rock group formed in 2006 by John Payne (vocals, bass, guitar), Guthrie Govan (guitars) and Jay Schellen (drums, percussion). These three had been working together in Asia, specifically on an album to have been called Architect of Time, when the fourth member of Asia, Geoff Downes, joined a reunion of the band's classic line-up, dissolving the then current line-up. Payne, Govan and Schellen announced the formation of a new band in February 2006 to be called One. However, after discovering another rock act with the same name, the band changed its name to GPS, from the initials of the three founders.
Ron Harms
Ron Harms (born September 11, 1936) is an American former college football coach. He served as head football coach at Concordia Teachers College (now known as Concordia University Nebraska) from 1964 to 1969, Adams State College (now known as Adams State University) from 1970 to 1973 and at Texas A&M University–Kingsville (formerly Texas A&I University) from 1979 to 1999, compiling a career college football head coaching record of 218–112–5. Harms was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2012.

Harms served as offensive coordinator for Gil Steinke in 1974 and 1975 before becoming an assistant to Grant Teaff at Baylor University for three years. Harms returned to Texas A&I in 1979 to replace Fred Jonas as head coach. In his first season, he guided the Javelinas to an NAIA Division I National Championship. With Harms at the helm, the Javelinas captured ten Lone Star Conference championships in total.

Concordia University Nebraska
Concordia University, Nebraska is a private Lutheran university in Seward, Nebraska. It was established in 1894 and is affiliated with the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod as one of seven schools in the Concordia University System. The university is organized into three schools: the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Education, and the College of Graduate Studies.