hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Rhamnolipid
Rhamnolipids are a class of glycolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amongst other organisms, frequently cited as bacterial surfactants. They have a glycosyl head group, in this case a rhamnose moiety, and a 3-(hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid (HAA) fatty acid tail, such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid.

Specifically there are two main classes of rhamnolipids: mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids, which consist of one or two rhamnose groups respectively. Rhamnolipids are also heterogeneous in the length and degree of branching of the HAA moiety, which varies with the growth media used and the environmental conditions.

Glycolipid
Glycolipids (/ˈɡlaɪkoʊˌlɪpɪdz/) are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues. Glycolipids are found on the surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes, where they extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the extracellular environment.
Nicholas II of Niemodlin
Nicholas II of Niemodlin (Polish: Mikołaj II Niemodliński; c. 1462 – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death.

He was the third son of Duke Nicholas I of Opole by his wife Agnes, daughter of Duke Louis II of Brzeg.

Nicholas I of Opole
Nicholas I of Opole (Polish: Mikołaj I; c. 1424 – 3 July 1476) was a duke of Opole since 1437 (until 1439 with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Brzeg from 1450, ruler over Kluczbork from 1451 and Duke of Strzelce, Niemodlin and Olesno from 1460.

He was the fourth son of Duke Bolko IV of Opole by his wife Margareta, possibly member of the House of Gorizia.
Forum of Bible Agencies International
The Forum of Bible Agencies International is an alliance of more than 25 international Bible Agencies and other missions organizations which provides access to the Bible and encourages its use worldwide.

The Forum provides standards for Bible translation and opportunities for the collaboration of Bible Agencies in many countries.

The members of the Forum of Bible Agencies International work in more than 120 countries and are headquartered in five nations.

Open Doors
Open Doors is a non-denominational mission supporting persecuted Christians around the world. They work with local partners to distribute Bibles and Christian literature, give discipleship training and provide practical support, such as emergency relief aid. Open Doors' stated aims are to raise awareness of global persecution, mobilising prayer, support and action among Christians from around the world. It is based in Ermelo, the Netherlands. Open Doors is also a member of the Forum of Bible Agencies International.
NOAA-7
NOAA-7, known as NOAA-C before launch, was an American operational weather satellite for use in the National Operational Environmental Satellite System (NOESS) and for the support of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) during 1978-1984. The satellite design provided an economical and stable Sun-synchronous platform for advanced operational instruments to measure the atmosphere of Earth, its surface and cloud cover, and the near-space environment. An earlier launch, NOAA-B, was scheduled to become NOAA-7, however NOAA-B failed to reach its required orbit.

NOAA-B
NOAA B was an American operational weather satellite for use in the National Operational Environmental Satellite System (NOESS) and for the support of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) during 1978-1984. The satellite design provided an economical and stable Sun-synchronous platform for advanced operational instruments to measure the atmosphere of Earth, its surface and cloud cover, and the near-space environment.
Twins Hinahima
Twins Hinahima (Japanese: ツインズひなひま, Hepburn: Tsuinzu Hinahima) is a 2025 Japanese animated television short film produced by Frontier Works and KaKa Creation and animated by KaKa Technology Studio with artificial intelligence (AI) assistance, based on the animated TikTok account of the same name that began in November 2023. It was directed by Kō Nakano from a screenplay written by Yū Shinada, featuring character designs by Takumi Yokota and music by Kujira Yumemi. The film premiered on Tokyo MX on March 28 and on MBS and BS NTV on March 30, 2025. The opening theme song is "Augment Day!" performed by Sae Hiratsuka and Yurie Igoma, while the ending theme song is "6:00 PM" performed by Chico.

Yurie Igoma
Yurie Igoma (伊駒 ゆりえ, Igoma Yurie; born February 24, 1999) is a Japanese voice actress who is affiliated with 81 Produce. She started her career in 2021, and in 2023 she played her first main role as Ruby Hoshino in the anime television series Oshi no Ko.
Eden District
Eden was a local government district in Cumbria, England, based at Penrith Town Hall in Penrith. It was named after the River Eden, which flowed north through the district toward Carlisle. Its population of 49,777 at the 2001 census, increased to 52,564 at the 2011 Census. A 2019 estimate was 53,253. In July 2021 it was announced that, in April 2023, Cumbria would be divided into two unitary authorities. On 1 April 2023, Eden District Council was abolished and its functions transferred to the new authority Westmorland and Furness, which also covers the former districts of Barrow-in-Furness and South Lakeland.

Borough of Barrow-in-Furness
Barrow-in-Furness was a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. It was named after its main town, Barrow-in-Furness. Other settlements included Dalton-in-Furness and Askam-in-Furness. It was the smallest district in Cumbria, but the most densely populated, with 924 people per square kilometre. The population was 71,980 in 2001, reducing to 69,087 at the 2011 Census.

In July 2021 the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government announced that in April 2023, Cumbria would be reorganised into two unitary authorities. On 1 April 2023, Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council was abolished and its functions transferred to the new authority Westmorland and Furness, which also covers the former districts of Eden and South Lakeland.
Studies in Language Testing
Studies in Language Testing (SiLT) is a series of academic books containing papers in the fields of education and applied linguistics related to language testing and assessment.

It has been published by Cambridge English Language Assessment and Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment since 1995. The series editors are Lynda Taylor and Nick Saville.

Although each volume has a variety of purposes, 10 broad themes characterize the series:

language testing terminology

language testing research methodology

test taker characteristics and language test performance

testing the four language skills

testing English for Academic Purposes: IELTS

test impact/washback

test comparability

test documenting

conference proceedings.

Cambridge Assessment English
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, and its qualifications and tests are aligned with CEFR levels.

Cambridge Assessment English is part of Cambridge Assessment, a non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge which merged with Cambridge University Press to form Cambridge University Press & Assessment in August 2021.
Galliyan
Galliyan (transl. Lanes/Streets) is a romantic Hindi song from the Hindi film, Ek Villain. Composed by Ankit Tiwari, the song is sung by Tiwari himself, with lyrics penned by Manoj Muntashir. The music video of the track features actors Sidharth Malhotra and Shraddha Kapoor.
A revised version of the song is created for its spiritual sequel  for the 2022 film, Ek Villain Returns titled "Galliyan Returns". The music video of the track is picturised on lead couples John Abraham and Disha Patani also Arjun Kapoor and Tara Sutaria. Ankit Tiwari again sang and composed for the revised version and lyrics was written by Manoj Muntashir.

Manoj Muntashir
Manoj Shukla (born 27 February 1976), better known by his stage name Manoj Muntashir Shukla, is an Indian lyricist, poet, dialogue writer, screenwriter & Co founder of T-Series Prarthana The Sound of Sanatan. He wrote several Hindi songs for films, including "Teri Mitti", "Galliyan", "Tere Sang Yaara", "Kaun Tujhe", "Dil Meri Na Sune", "Kaise Hua" "Maaye" and "Phir Bhi Tumko Chaahunga". He also wrote the script for 2023 Indian film "Adipurush", starring Prabhas and Saif Ali Khan.
The Sessions (2012 film)
The Sessions is a 2012 American drama film written and directed by Ben Lewin. It is based on the 1990 article "On Seeing a Sex Surrogate" by Mark O'Brien, an American poet. Paralyzed from the neck down due to polio, he hired a sex surrogate to lose his virginity. John Hawkes and Helen Hunt star as O'Brien and sex surrogate Cheryl Cohen-Greene, respectively.

The film debuted under its original title The Surrogate at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Audience Award Dramatic and a U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Prize for Ensemble Acting.

Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the film's distribution rights and released the renamed film in October 2012. The Sessions received highly positive reviews from critics, who particularly lauded the performances of Hawkes and Hunt. Hunt was nominated for an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress at the 85th Academy Awards.

Mark O'Brien (poet)
Mark O'Brien (July 31, 1949 – July 4, 1999) was an American journalist, poet, and advocate for the disabled. He has been the subject of two films: Breathing Lessons: The Life and Work of Mark O'Brien, and The Sessions (2012). In the latter drama, he was portrayed by John Hawkes. The film won the audience award in the U.S. Dramatic category at the Sundance Film Festival in 2012.

The Sessions was based on his essay, "On Seeing a Sex Surrogate", which appeared in the Sun magazine in 1990. O'Brien was seeing Cheryl Cohen-Greene, a notable sex surrogate. They remained friends until his death.
The Last Witness (2001 film)
The Last Witness (Korean: 흑수선; RR: Heuksuseon) is a 2001 South Korean action thriller film written and directed by Bae Chang-ho, starring Lee Jung-jae, Lee Mi-yeon, Ahn Sung-ki, and Jung Joon-ho. It is based on the novel of the same name by Kim Seong-jong, and is the second adaptation of the book, the first being in 1980.

Jung Joon-ho
Jung Joon-ho (Korean: 정준호; born November 9, 1969) is a South Korean actor. He first gained fame in the television series Women Like You (2000). He is best known for the films My Boss, My Hero (2001) and its 2006 sequel, Marrying the Mafia (2002), Another Public Enemy (2005), as well as the hit television series Iris (2009) and Sky Castle (2018–2019).
Jack Laird
Jack Laird (born Jack Laird Schultheis; May 8, 1923 – December 3, 1991) was an American screenwriter, producer, director, and actor. He received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his works in Ben Casey, Night Gallery, and Kojak.

Night Gallery
Night Gallery is an American anthology television series that aired on NBC from December 16, 1970, to May 27, 1973, featuring stories of horror and the macabre. Rod Serling, who had gained fame from an earlier series, The Twilight Zone, served both as the on-air host of Night Gallery and as a major contributor of scripts, although he did not have the same control of content and tone as he had on The Twilight Zone. Serling viewed Night Gallery as a logical extension of The Twilight Zone, but while both series shared an interest in thought-provoking dark fantasy, more of Zone's offerings were science fiction while Night Gallery focused on horrors of the supernatural.
Kaw people
The Kaw Nation (Kansa: Kaáⁿze), also known as the Kanza or Kansa, is a federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma and parts of Kansas. The Kaw people historically lived in the central Midwestern United States. They have also been called the "People of the South Wind", "People of Water", Kansa, Kaza, Konza, Conza, Quans, Kosa, and Kasa. Their tribal language is Kansa, classified as a Siouan language.

The state of Kansas was named for this tribe. The name of Topeka, capital city of Kansas, is said to be the Kaw word Tó Ppí Kˀé meaning 'a good place to grow potatoes'. The Kaw are closely related to the Osage Nation, with whom members often intermarried.

Washunga, Oklahoma
Washunga is a small community and ghost town in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States. Washunga was named for the leader of the Kaw Indians in the late 19th and early 20th century. The word means "bird" in the Kaw language. The name was often spelled Washungah. The town was established in 1903 at the headquarters of the Kaw tribe, called the Kaw Agency. A post office was established at the Kaw Agency in 1880 and continued until 1918.

The building housing the former Kaw Agency is listed on the NRHP. In the early 1970s, the building was relocated a few hundred yards north to the present site as the waters of Kaw Lake covered the original site.
Rene Steinke
Rene Steinke is an American novelist.  She is the author of three novels: The Fires (1999), Holy Skirts (2005), and Friendswood (2014). Holy Skirts, a novel based on the life of the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, was a finalist for the 2005 National Book Award. Her essays and articles have appeared in The New York Times, Vogue, O: the Oprah Magazine, Bookforum, and elsewhere.

Steinke holds a BA from Valparaiso University, an MFA from the University of Virginia, and a PhD in English from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.   She is the Director of the MFA Program in Creative Writing at Fairleigh Dickinson University.  Until 2007, Steinke was Editor in Chief of The Literary Review, where she now holds the position Editor-at-Large. Her cousin Darcey Steinke is also an author.  Rene Steinke lives in Brooklyn.

Steinke received a fellowship at the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation for Friendswood in 2016.

Darcey Steinke
Darcey Steinke (born April 25, 1962) is an American author and educator. She has written five novels: Up Through the Water, Suicide Blonde, Jesus Saves, Milk, and Sister Golden Hair. Steinke has also served as a lecturer at Princeton University, the American University of Paris, New School University, Barnard College, the University of Mississippi, and Columbia University.
Medri Bahri
Medri Bahri (Tigrinya: ምድሪ ባሕሪ, English: Land of the Sea) or Mereb Melash (Tigrinya: መረብ ምላሽ, English: Beyond the Mereb) was a kingdom autonomous from the Ethiopian Empire ruled by the Bahr Negash. This kingdom was located north of the Mareb River and west of the Bur Province, in the Eritrean highlands (Kebassa) and some surrounding areas, mainly comprising the historical provinces of Hamasien and Seraye.

Hamasien
Hamasien (Tigrinya: ሓማሴን) was a historical province including and surrounding Asmara, part of modern Eritrea. In 1996 the province was divided and distributed largely to the modern Maekel region, with smaller parts being distributed amongst the Debub, Northern Red Sea, Gash-Barka, and Anseba regions.

Hamasien was located northwest of Akele Guzai and northeast of Seraye. Traditionally being the center of the Eritrean highlands, it is the locality of the city of Asmara (the capital of Eritrea).
Aya: Imagined Autobiography
Aya: Imagined Autobiography (Hebrew: איה: אוטוביוגרפיה דמיונית, tr. Aya: Autobiographia Dimionit) is a 1994 Israeli independent underground dramatic art film directed by Michal Bat-Adam. The titular character is the same one from the director's earlier film Boy Meets Girl, now haunted by her past.

Michal Bat-Adam
Michal Bat-Adam (Hebrew: מיכל בת-אדם; born March 2, 1945) is an Israeli film director, producer, screenwriter, actress, and musician. Her films deal with complex and conflicted relationships, especially relationships within families. She also explores the line between sanity and mental illness. Many of these movies contain autobiographical elements.

As an actress, she has been noted for her work, especially for strong performances in the films of her husband, Moshé Mizrahi.
Hwang Kyung Koh
Hwang Kyung Koh (Korean: 고황경; Hanja: 高凰京; 1909–2000) was the founder and first President of Seoul Women's University. She is also known by her art name Bahrom, which means "to live right".

Koh's father was a physician and professor at Severance Medical College (now the medical school of Yonsei University). She studied at Ewha Womans College and Doshisha Women's College in Japan before completing her doctorate at Michigan State University.

Koh established Seoul Women's University in 1961 to provide educational opportunities to the women of Korea.

Seoul Women's University
Seoul Women's University (SWU; Korean: 서울여자대학교) is a private women's university in Nowon District, Seoul, South Korea. The university comprises five colleges and is a doctorate degree-granting institution.
Exodus (1960 film)
Exodus is a 1960 American epic historical drama film about the founding of the State of Israel. Produced and directed by Otto Preminger, the screenplay was adapted by Dalton Trumbo from the 1958 novel of the same name by Leon Uris. The film stars an ensemble cast including Paul Newman, Eva Marie Saint, Ralph Richardson, Peter Lawford, Lee J. Cobb, Sal Mineo, John Derek and George Maharis. The film's soundtrack music was written by Ernest Gold.

Preminger openly hired screenwriter Trumbo, who had been on the Hollywood blacklist for over a decade for being a communist and forced to work under assumed names. Together with Spartacus, also written by Trumbo, Exodus is credited with ending the practice of blacklisting in the US motion picture industry.

Released on December 15, 1960, by United Artists, the film earned $8.7 million at the box office in the United States and Canada, and $20 million worldwide.

John Derek
John Derek (born Derek Delevan Harris; August 12, 1926 – May 22, 1998) was an American actor, filmmaker and photographer. He appeared in such films as Knock on Any Door, All the King's Men (both 1949), Rogues of Sherwood Forest (1950), and The Ten Commandments (1956). He was also known for launching the career of his fourth wife, Bo Derek.
Dudley Taft
Dudley S. Taft (born July 4, 1966, Washington, D.C.) is an American musician. Taft is a blues/rock musician who fronts the Dudley Taft Band and was a songwriting member of Seattle band Sweet Water and member and chief songwriter of Seattle, Washington-based rock band Second Coming. He is the great-great-grandnephew of United States President William Howard Taft.

Sweet Water (band)
Sweet Water is an American rock band from Seattle, Washington. They were initially known as SGM before changing to Sweet Water in 1990. They were signed to the major labels Atlantic Records and EastWest Records throughout the 1990s, although they went on a hiatus in 1999. The band reformed in 2007.
Victory Salute (statue)
Victory Salute, commonly referred to as the Olympic Black Power Statue, is a monument depicting the 1968 Olympics Black Power salute performed by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos. The monument consists of two fiberglass statues covered in ceramic tiles, atop a concrete base designed to emulate the Olympic podium. It was created in 2005 by Portuguese artist Rigo 23 and is installed next to Tower Hall on the San José State University campus, in San Jose, California, United States.

1968 Olympics Black Power salute
During their medal ceremony in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City on October 16, 1968, two African-American athletes, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, each raised a black-gloved fist during the playing of the US national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". While on the podium, Smith and Carlos, who had won gold and bronze medals respectively in the 200-meter running event of the 1968 Summer Olympics, turned to face the US flag and then kept their hands raised until the anthem had finished. In addition, Smith, Carlos, and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human-rights badges on their jackets.

In his autobiography, Silent Gesture, published nearly 30 years later, Smith declared that his gesture was not a "Black Power" salute, per se, but rather a "human rights" salute.: 22  The demonstration has been called one of the most overtly political statements in the history of the modern Olympics.
1907 Philippine Assembly elections
The first Philippine Assembly elections were held across the Philippines on July 30, 1907. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902, enacted by the United States Congress, established a bicameral Philippine Legislature composed of the appointed Philippine Commission as the upper house and the elected Philippine Assembly as the lower house.

The first national election for a legislative body in the Philippines, and considered to be a de facto independence referendum, the newly formed Nacionalista Party, advocating independence, defeated the more established Progresista Party, which were conservative.

Philippine Organic Act
The Philippine Organic Act (c. 1369, 32 Stat. 691) that was enacted by the United States Congress on July 1, 1902 was the basic law for the Insular Government. It is also known as the  Philippine Bill of 1902 and the Cooper Act, after its author Henry A. Cooper.
Dâmbovița (river)
The Dâmbovița (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdɨmbovitsa] ⓘ) is a river in Romania. It has its sources on the Curmătura Oticului, a mountain pass that separates the Iezer Mountains from the Făgăraș Mountains proper. It passes through Bucharest and flows into the river Argeș near Budești, in Călărași County. Its length is 286 km (178 mi) and its basin size is 2,824 km2 (1,090 sq mi). Dâmbovița County is named after the river.

Budești
Budești (Romani: Budeshti) is a small provincial town in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania. Three villages are administered by the town: Aprozi, Buciumeni, and Gruiu. It officially became a town in 1989, as a result of the Romanian rural systematization program.
David Halberstam
David Halberstam (April 10, 1934 – April 23, 2007) was an American writer, journalist, and historian, known for his work on the Vietnam War, politics, history, the Civil Rights Movement, business, media, American culture, Korean War, and later, sports journalism. He won a Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting in 1964. Halberstam was killed in a car crash in 2007 while doing research for a book.

Neil Sheehan
Cornelius Mahoney Sheehan (October 27, 1936 – January 7, 2021) was an American journalist. As a reporter for The New York Times in 1971, Sheehan obtained the classified Pentagon Papers from Daniel Ellsberg. His series of articles revealed a secret United States Department of Defense history of the Vietnam War and led to a U.S. Supreme Court case, New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971), which invalidated the United States government's use of a restraining order to halt publication.

He received a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award for his 1988 book A Bright Shining Lie, about the life of Lieutenant Colonel John Paul Vann and the United States involvement in the Vietnam War.
Peter Runggaldier
Peter Runggaldier (born 29 December 1968 in Brixen and living in Sëlva, South Tyrol) is an Italian former Alpine skier, who specialized in downhill and super-G disciplines. He competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Sëlva
Sëlva (Ladin: [ˈsɜlva] ⓘ; Italian: Selva di Val Gardena [ˈselva di ˌval ɡarˈdeːna, - ɡarˈdɛːna]; German: Wolkenstein in Gröden [ˈvɔlkn̩ʃtaɪn ɪn ˈɡrøːdn̩]) is a comune (municipality) and a village in the Val Gardena in South Tyrol, northern Italy, located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of the city of Bolzano. The Ladin and Italian place names derive from the Latin word silva ("wood").