hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
D'Hondt method
The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to the class of highest-averages methods. Compared to ideal proportional representation, the D'Hondt method reduces somewhat the political fragmentation for smaller electoral district sizes, where it favors larger political parties over small parties.

The method was first described in 1792 by American Secretary of State and later President of the United States Thomas Jefferson. It was re-invented independently in 1878 by Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, which is the reason for its two different names.

Sainte-Laguë method
The Sainte-Laguë method, also called the Webster method (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t.la.ɡy]), is a highest averages apportionment method for allocating seats in a parliament among federal states, or among parties in a party-list proportional representation system. The Sainte-Laguë method shows a more equal seats-to-votes ratio for different sized parties among apportionment methods.

The method was first described in 1832 by American statesman and senator Daniel Webster. In 1842, the method was adopted for proportional allocation of seats in United States congressional apportionment (Act of 25 June 1842, ch 46, 5 Stat. 491). The same method was independently invented in 1910 by the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë.

It is used for party-list proportional representation in Ecuador, Germany, Indonesia, Kosovo, Latvia and Nepal, as well as in modified form in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. It is also used as part of MMP in New Zealand.
A Night in Paradise (1919 film)
A Night in Paradise (German: Eine Nacht, gelebt im Paradiese) is a 1919 German silent film directed by Eugen Burg and starring Wanda Treumann and Reinhold Schünzel.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Mathieu Oostermann.

Wanda Treumann
Wanda Treumann (born Wanda Reich; 17 November 1883 – 29 April 1963) was a German theatre and film actress and film producer of the silent era. A leading lady in a number of productions during the Imperial era and the Weimar Republic, she retired from the screen in 1922. Her later life remains obscure.
Office Christmas Party
Office Christmas Party is a 2016 American Christmas comedy film directed by Will Speck and Josh Gordon. The film stars an ensemble cast consisting of Jason Bateman, Olivia Munn, T.J. Miller, Jillian Bell, Vanessa Bayer, Courtney B. Vance, Rob Corddry, Kate McKinnon, and Jennifer Aniston. It tells the story of two co-workers who throw an extravagant Christmas party at their workplace in order to prevent a layoff of 40% of the company's employees.

Office Christmas Party was released on December 9, 2016, by Paramount Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a modest success, grossing $114 million worldwide.

Vanessa Bayer
Vanessa Bayer (born November 14, 1981) is an American actress and comedian. She was a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live from 2010 to 2017, for which she was nominated for an Emmy. She co-created, co-executive produced, and starred in the Showtime comedy I Love That for You, loosely based on her experience as a survivor of childhood leukemia. She has appeared in such films as Trainwreck (2015), Office Christmas Party (2016), Carrie Pilby (2016), Ibiza (2018), and Wander Darkly (2020).
USS Lancaster Eagle
The USS Lancaster Eagle is a figurehead that was carved in 1880-1881 by John Haley Bellamy for the USS Lancaster. The eagle is currently owned by and displayed at the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia.

USS Lancaster (1858)
The first USS Lancaster was a screw sloop-of-war in the United States Navy during the American Civil War through the Spanish–American War.

The first Lancaster was laid down by the Philadelphia Navy Yard in December 1857; launched 20 October 1858; sponsored by Miss Harriet Lane, niece and official hostess of President James Buchanan; and commissioned 12 May 1859, Captain John Rudd in command.
St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
St. John the Baptist Parish (SJBP) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. At the 2020 census, the population was 42,477. The parish seat is Edgard, an unincorporated area, and the largest city is LaPlace, which is also unincorporated.

Edgard, Louisiana
Edgard is a census-designated place (CDP) in, and the parish seat of, St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,637 at the 2000 census and 1,948 in 2020. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan statistical area. Edgard is part of the German Coast of Louisiana.
Annie Ittoshat
Annie Napartuk Ittoshat (born 1970) is an Inuk Canadian Anglican bishop. Since 2019, she has been one of three suffragan bishops of the Diocese of the Arctic in the Anglican Church of Canada (ACC). Alongside Lucy Netser, who was elected and consecrated at the same time, she is the first female Inuk bishop in the world.

Lucy Netser
Lucy Netser is an Inuk Canadian Anglican bishop. From 2019 to 2025, she was one of three suffragan bishops of the Diocese of the Arctic in the Anglican Church of Canada (ACC). Alongside Annie Ittoshat, who was elected and consecrated at the same time, she is the first female Inuk bishop in the world.
Metropolitan Borough of Wigan
The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest town, Wigan, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Atherton, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Golborne, Hindley, Ince-in-Makerfield, Leigh and Tyldesley. The borough also covers the villages and suburbs of Abram, Aspull, Astley, Bryn, Hindley Green, Lowton, Mosley Common, Orrell, Pemberton, Shevington, Standish, Winstanley and Worsley Mesnes. The borough is also the second-most populous district in Greater Manchester.

The borough was formed in 1974, replacing several former local government districts. It is the westernmost part of Greater Manchester and is bordered by the Greater Manchester boroughs of City of Salford and Bolton to the east, the Cheshire borough of Warrington to the south, the Merseyside borough of St Helens to the south west, and the Lancashire boroughs of West Lancashire to the west and Chorley to the north.

Shevington
Shevington is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. The population of the Wigan ward called Shevington and Lower Ground had increased to 11,482 at the 2011 Census.

Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, Shevington lies approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) from Wigan town centre and at the 2001 census had a population of 9,786.
Barbarians at the Gate (film)
Barbarians at the Gate is a 1993 American biographical comedy-drama television film directed by Glenn Jordan and written by Larry Gelbart, based on the 1989 book by Bryan Burrough and John Helyar. The film premiered on HBO on March 20, 1993. The film stars James Garner, Jonathan Pryce, and Peter Riegert. It tells the true story of F. Ross Johnson, who was the president and CEO of RJR Nabisco.

Barbarians at the Gate received generally positive reviews from critics. It earned nine nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards (winning for Outstanding Made for Television Movie). It also won Best Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television and Best Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television for Garner at the Golden Globe Awards.

Peter Riegert
Peter Riegert (/riːɡɜːrt/ REE-gert; born April 11, 1947) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein in Animal House (1978), oil company executive "Mac" MacIntyre in Local Hero (1983), pickle store owner Sam Posner in Crossing Delancey (1988) and Lt. Mitch Kellaway in The Mask (1994). He directed the short film By Courier (2000), for which he was nominated along with producer Ericka Frederick for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film.

On television, Riegert had a recurring role as crooked Newark Assemblyman and later State Senator Ronald Zellman in seasons three and four of the HBO series The Sopranos (2001–2002), appeared as George Moore in the first season of the FX series Damages (2007), and portrayed Seth Green's father in the comedy series Dads (2013–2014). He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his performance in the HBO film Barbarians at the Gate in 1993.
Opuo language
The Opuo (Opuuo, Opo) language, or Tʼapo, is a Koman language spoken by the Opo people of Ethiopia and South Sudan. It has a lexical similarity of 24% with Komo. The language is also called Opo-Shita, Opo, Opuo, Cita, Ciita, Shita (along with Dana), Shiita, Ansita, Kina, and Kwina. The self-name for the language is Tʼapo. "Langa" is a derogatory term for its speakers used by the Anuak.

Ethiopian speakers live in five villages along the South Sudan border north of the Anuak and Nuer, and its South Sudanese in Upper Nile State, around Kigille and Maiwut; however, of the 286 speakers the 1994 Ethiopian Census records, 183 are in the Oromia Region (mostly in the Mirab Shewa Zone), 32 in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, and less than ten in either of the Regions closest to South Sudan.

An early record of this language is a list of 32 village names and a wordlist dated February 1883 by Juan Maria Schuver, where he calls the language "Gambiel".

Dana language
The Dana language, referred to in older literature as Buldit, is a recently recognized Koman language of Ethiopia. It is geographically close to the Opuo language but is not mutually intelligible with it.
D. G. E. Hall
Daniel George Edward Hall (1891–1979) was a British historian, writer, and academic. He wrote extensively on the history of Burma. His most notable work is A History of Southeast Asia, said to "...remain the most important single history of the region, providing  encyclopedic coverage of material published up to the time of its 1981 revision."

He was a Headmaster of Caterham School and held professorships in Southeast Asian history at both Cornell University and the University of London – where he eventually became professor emeritus.

Caterham School
Caterham School is a co-educational day and boarding public school in Caterham, Surrey and is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.

Founded as 'The Congregational School' during the Regency era, a charitable institution to educate the sons of Congregationalist clergy, Caterham developed into providing a public school education which was made co-educational in 1995. In September 2025, Caterham was shortlisted for the 2026 'Tatler Schools Guide', along with Eton, Canford, Brighton and Gresham's, for the title of the best public school in the country.

Caterham is recognised internationally for its approach to digital learning. It was among the first schools in the United Kingdom to introduce an iPad rollout in 2015 as an Apple Distinguished School and among the first in the world to develop its own subsidiary artificial intelligence company. It has been recognised by the Westminster Education Foundation think tank as a member of the EdTech 50 since 2019.
Strengereid
Strengereid is a village in the municipality of Arendal in Agder county, Norway. It is located along the Norwegian County Road 410, about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) northeast of the village of Eydehavn and just west of the island of Flostaøya. The village of Sagene lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the northwest.

Originally, Strengereid was part of the municipality of Tvedestrand, but on 1 January 1962, the Strengereid area was merged with the neighboring municipalities of Flosta (west), Stokken (south), and Austre Moland (northwest) to form the new municipality of Moland. At that time Strengereid had 375 inhabitants. Then, on 1 January 1992, Moland was incorporated into Arendal.

Sagene, Agder
Sagene is a village in Arendal municipality in Agder county, Norway.  The village is located about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) northwest of the village of Strengereid in the Moland area of Arendal.  The lake Langangsvannet lies just east of the village.
Patrick Stirling (railway engineer)
Patrick Stirling (29 June 1820 – 11 November 1895) was a Scottish railway engineer, and Locomotive Superintendent of the Great Northern Railway of England. His father Robert Stirling was also an engineer. His brother James Stirling was also a locomotive engineer. His son Matthew Stirling was CME of the Hull and Barnsley Railway. Another son, Patrick Stirling played for Doncaster Rovers and was mayor of Doncaster.

James Stirling (engineer, born 1835)
James Stirling (1835–1917) was a Scottish mechanical engineer. He was Locomotive Superintendent of the Glasgow and South Western Railway and later the South Eastern Railway. Stirling was born on 2 October 1835, a son of Robert Stirling, rector of Galston, East Ayrshire.
Violent Things
Violent Things is the fourth studio album by American indie pop band the Brobecks. Written by lead vocalist and bassist Dallon Weekes, with production by Casey Crescenzo, it was independently released on May 18, 2009.

Dallon Weekes
Dallon James Weekes (born May 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer. He is the frontman of the indie pop band the Brobecks, which temporarily operated as a solo project through the late 2000s. He was then a member of Panic! at the Disco from 2009 to 2017, performing in the band as a bassist, keyboardist, and backing vocalist. Weekes currently performs as the frontman of I Dont Know How but They Found Me.
Kunle Remi
Oyekunle Opeyemi Oluwaremi Listenⓘ, known professionally as Kunle Remi, is a Nigerian singer, producer, and model. He appeared in the films Falling and Aníkúlápó, the television series Tinsel, and won the 7th edition of Gulder Ultimate Search in 2010. While studying at the New York Film Academy, he also hosted an internet television channel, Celebville 360. He hosted the Academy Awards nomination event in Beverly Hills. In 2012, he was cast in his first movie, Heavy Beauty, produced by Grace Edwin Okon and directed by Stanlee Ohikhuare. Though he graduated in 2014, he returned to study filmmaking and directing, and graduated in 2015.

Gulder Ultimate Search
Gulder Ultimate Search (also called GUS) is a Nigerian reality television series, created and sponsored by Nigerian Breweries Plc to promote the Gulder Lager Beer. The first season premiered in 2004. The GUS series is also the very first 100% local content reality television programme in Nigeria and it is a survival type reality programme that highlights the struggle of contestants (10–30 persons, depending on the reference edition), their struggles against themselves and the wild i.e. nature and their search for a hidden treasure that brings to the last person standing instant fame and fortune. The winner of the last season in 2021 took home 50 million naira worth of prizes.

After 7 years off TV, Gulder Ultimate Search returned to the television screen in year 2021.
3801 Thrasymedes
3801 Thrasymedes /θræsɪˈmiːdiːz/ is a mid-sized Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 34 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 6 November 1985, by astronomers with the Spacewatch survey at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, United States. The dark Jovian asteroid has a rotation period of 20.3 hours and forms an asteroid pair with 1583 Antilochus. It was named after Thrasymedes from Greek mythology.

Asteroid pair
An asteroid pair, or (if more than two bodies) an asteroid cluster, are asteroids which at some point in the past had very small relative velocities, and are typically formed either by a collisional break-up of a parent body, or from binary asteroids which became gravitationally unbound and are now following similar but different orbits around the Sun.

A possible example of a pair are the Trojan asteroids 1583 Antilochus and 3801 Thrasymedes. The proposer of that pair, Andrea Milani, found five other potential asteroid clusters in the Greek camp, clustered around the asteroids 1437 Diomedes, 1647 Menelaus, 2456 Palamedes, 2797 Teucer and 4035 Thestor.

The youngest asteroid pairs discovered as of 2022 include the main-belt asteroids P/2016 J1-A/B (separated c. 2010) and (458271) 2010 UM26/2010 RN221 (separated c. 2003). The former pair is particularly remarkable for exhibiting comet-like activity due to water ice sublimation and rotational break-up.
A Mighty Fortress (novel)
A Mighty Fortress is a science fiction novel by American writer David Weber. The fourth book in the Safehold series, it was published by Tor Books on April 13, 2010. It debuted at #9 on the New York Times Bestseller List for hardcover fiction, following in the steps of previous titles in the series which also debuted on the list. The book dropped to #24 in the second week, then to #29 in week three before dropping off the list, for a total of three weeks on the list.

Preview chapters of the book were published before the book was released.

The title of A Mighty Fortress comes from  Martin Luther's  hymn "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God" (German, "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott").

Safehold
Safehold is a science fiction book series by David Weber, currently consisting of ten titles, the latest released in January 2019. The series is mostly set around the 31st century, on a distant world dubbed "Safehold" where a group of humans are in hiding from the Gbaba, an alien enemy responsible for the end of all other human civilization.

The humans on Safehold avoid detection by reverting to a pre-electrical, pre-industrial technology base. This status is enforced by a religious belief system discouraging scientific curiosity and forbidding any higher technological innovation on penalty of death. The threat of the Gbaba is barely mentioned in the books so far; the main issue is the divergence of the official church from its original aims versus the outlying areas which deny the leadership of the corrupt vicars.

Every book after the first has a name taken from a hymn.
Caliban (moon)
Caliban /ˈkælɪbæn/ is the second-largest irregular satellite of Uranus. It was discovered on 6 September 1997 by Brett J. Gladman, Philip D. Nicholson, Joseph A. Burns, and John J. Kavelaars using the 200-inch Hale Telescope together with Sycorax and given the temporary designation S/1997 U 1.

Designated Uranus XVI, it was named after the monster character in William Shakespeare's play The Tempest.

Sycorax (moon)
Sycorax /ˈsɪkɒræks/ is the largest irregular satellite of Uranus, with a diameter of approximately 157 km. It was discovered on 6 September 1997 on the Hale Telescope in California. Sycorax's orbit is retrograde, irregular, and much more distant than that of Oberon, the furthest of Uranus's regular moons. It has been hypothesized that Sycorax is a captured object, as opposed to one that formed with Uranus.
Santa Eulalia, Huehuetenango
Santa Eulalia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ewˈlalia], also known as Jolom Konobʼ in Qʼanjobʼal) is a municipality located in the north-east of the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala, Central America. This town is rich in culture and traditions. The majority of people here speak the Q'anjob'al language.

Santa Eulalia is situated in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes at 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level. 
The annual celebrations in honor of the town's patron saint, Saint Eulalia takes place from 8 February and culminates in its main celebration day the 12th.

Qʼanjobʼal language
Qʼanjobʼal (IPA: [qʼanxoɓal]) (also Kanjobal) is a Mayan language from the Q'anjobalan branch spoken primarily in Guatemala and part of Mexico. According to 1998 estimates compiled by SIL International in Ethnologue, there were approximately 77,700 native speakers, primarily in the Huehuetenango Department of Guatemala. In Chiapas, Mexico, municipalities where the Qʼanjobʼal language is spoken include Catazajá, Amatenango de la Frontera, La Trinitaria, Bella Vista, Frontera Comalapa, Las Margaritas and Maravilla Tenejapa. In Huehuetenango, the municipalities where the language is spoken are San Juan Ixcoy (Yich Kʼox), San Pedro Soloma (Tzʼulumaʼ ), Santa Eulalia (Jolom Konobʼ ), Santa Cruz Barillas (Yalmotx), San Rafael La Independencia, and San Miguel Acatán (Pedro Mateo Pedro 2010). Qʼanjobʼal is taught in public schools through Guatemala's intercultural bilingual education programs.
Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Doylestown is a borough in and the county seat of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough population was 8,300.

Doylestown is located 20 miles (32 km) northwest of Trenton, 25 miles (40 km) north of Center City Philadelphia, and 27 miles (43 km) southeast of Allentown. It is part of the Delaware Valley, and the Philadelphia metropolitan area.

The Fountain House (Doylestown, Pennsylvania)
The Fountain House is a historic tavern building located in the borough of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in the central commercial district.  The four-story building is a major landmark of the Bucks County area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral method
Introduced by I. Michael Ross and F. Fahroo, the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods are a broad collection of pseudospectral methods for optimal control.  Examples of the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods are the pseudospectral knotting method, the flat pseudospectral method, the Legendre-Gauss-Radau pseudospectral method and pseudospectral methods for infinite-horizon optimal control.

Flat pseudospectral method
The flat pseudospectral method is part of the family of the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods introduced by Ross and Fahroo.  The method combines the concept of differential flatness with pseudospectral optimal control  to generate outputs in the so-called flat space.
Sassafras, Tasmania
Sassafras is a locality and small rural community in the local government areas of Latrobe and Meander Valley, in the Launceston and North-west and west regions of Tasmania. It is located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) inland from the town of Devonport. The Mersey River forms part of its western boundary, and the Bass Highway passes through from south to north-west. The 2016 census determined a population of 347 for the state suburb of Sassafras.

Local government areas of Tasmania
The councils of Tasmania are the 29 local administrative units of the Australian state of Tasmania. Local government areas (LGAs), more generally known as councils, are the tier of government responsible for the management of local duties such as road maintenance, town planning and waste management.
Escort West
Escort West is a 1959 American Western film directed by Francis D. Lyon, and starring Victor Mature, Faith Domergue, and Elaine Stewart. The movie is set after the U.S. Civil War, when a former Confederate officer, played by Victor Mature, and his daughter help some survivors of an Indian massacre. The film was released by United Artists on January 23, 1959.

It was the second of two co-productions between Batjac and Romina Productions. Their first was China Doll (1957).

The movie was filmed largely on the Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, California, with additional footage shot on the nearby Bell Moving Picture Ranch. The site of the Bell Ranch location shoot remained a mystery for decades until it was discovered on an expedition by film location researchers in early 2015. The researchers found the location by using information from "Escort West" and the first Elvis Presley movie, Love Me Tender, which filmed its climactic sequence at the same site, known as the "Rocky Hill."

Victor Mature
Victor John Mature (January 29, 1913 – August 4, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actor who was a leading man in Hollywood during the 1940s and 1950s. His best known film roles include One Million B.C. (1940), My Darling Clementine (1946), Kiss of Death (1947), Samson and Delilah (1949), and The Robe (1953). He also appeared in many musicals opposite such stars as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable.