hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stony Brook (Mehoopany Creek tributary)
Stony Brook is a tributary of Mehoopany Creek in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 4.3 miles (6.9 km) long and flows through North Branch township and Forkston Township. The brook has a tributary known as Red Brook. Logging was done in the upper reaches of the watershed of Stony Brook in the early 1900s.

Mehoopany Creek
Mehoopany Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Sullivan and Wyoming counties, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 26.8 miles (43.1 km) long. In Sullivan County the creek flows through Colley Township and in Wyoming County it flows through Forkston Township and Mehoopany Township. The stream's watershed has an area of 123 square miles (320 km2). Its major tributaries include Stony Brook and North Fork Mehoopany Creek.

Mehoopany Creek is designated as a high-quality coldwater fishery in Sullivan County. Its headwaters are listed in the Sullivan County Natural Areas Inventory.
Darkstar: The Interactive Movie
Darkstar: The Interactive Movie is an interactive movie video game written, produced, edited, animated, and directed by J. Allen Williams, owner of the American animation studio Parallax Studio.  It stars the actor Clive Robertson and the original cast of the comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (including Trace Beaulieu, Frank Conniff, Joel Hodgson, Mary Jo Pehl, and J. Elvis Weinstein). The game also features animations by the comic book artist Richard Corben and was the final work of the actor Peter Graves, who serves as the game's narrator. Darkstar was released online on November 5, 2010 through the company website and as a downloadable through Strategy First. It was re-released in stores December 9, 2011 in the United Kingdom and Ireland through Lace Mamba Global.

J. Elvis Weinstein
Joshua Stuart "Josh" Weinstein (born May 21, 1971), known professionally as J. Elvis Weinstein, is an American writer and performer, best known for his roles as Dr. Laurence Erhardt and the original puppeteer and voice for Tom Servo and Gypsy on Mystery Science Theater 3000.
Leask, Saskatchewan
Leask (2016 population: 399) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of Leask No. 464 and Census Division No. 16. This village is 80 km (50 mi) southwest of Prince Albert. It is the administrative centre of the Mistawasis First Nation band government and the Rural Municipality of Leask No. 464.

Rural Municipality of Leask No. 464
The Rural Municipality of Leask No. 464 (2016 population: 686) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 16 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located west of the city of Prince Albert.
Black Mama White Mama
Black Mama White Mama, also known as Women in Chains (US reissue title), Hot, Hard and Mean (original 1974 UK title) and Chained Women (1977 UK reissue title), is a 1973 women in prison film directed by Eddie Romero and starring Pam Grier and Margaret Markov. The film has elements of blaxploitation.

The movie was reportedly inspired by the 1958 film The Defiant Ones. Set in an unspecified Latin American country referred to only as "the island", the movie was shot in the Philippines for budgetary purposes.

The Defiant Ones
The Defiant Ones is a 1958 American drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer. The film was adapted by Harold Jacob Smith from the story by Nedrick Young, originally credited as Nathan E. Douglas. It stars Tony Curtis and Sidney Poitier as two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive.

The Defiant Ones premiered on June 29, 1958 at the 8th Berlin International Film Festival, where Poitier won the Silver Bear for Best Actor. Upon its release in the U.S. on September 27, the film was highly regarded by film critics. It won Academy Awards for Cinematography (Black-and-White) and Original Screenplay and was nominated for seven others, including Best Picture and Best Actor for both Poitier and Curtis.
Benjamin O. Davis Jr.
Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912 – July 4, 2002) was a United States Air Force (USAF) general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen.

He was the first African-American brigadier general in the USAF. After his retirement, on December 9, 1998, he was advanced to four-star general by President Bill Clinton. During World War II, Davis was commander of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332nd Fighter Group, which escorted bombers on air combat missions over Europe. Davis flew sixty missions in P-39 Airacobra, Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, P-47 Thunderbolt, and P-51 Mustang fighters and was one of the first African-American pilots to see combat. Davis followed in his father's footsteps in breaking racial barriers, as Benjamin O. Davis Sr. had been the first Black general in the United States Army.

332d Expeditionary Operations Group
The 332d Expeditionary Operations Group is a provisional air expeditionary group of the United States Air Force's Air Combat Command, currently active. It was inactivated on 8 May 2012 and reactivated 16 November 2014.

The group forms part of the lineage of the World War II 332d Fighter Group, known as the Tuskegee Airmen. This title refers to all who trained in the Army Air Forces African-American pilot training program at Moton Field and Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama, between 1941 and 1945. It includes pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, and personnel who kept aircraft flying.
Michael Brodsky
Michael Mark Brodsky (born Aug 2, 1948) is a scientific/medical editor, novelist, playwright, and short story writer.  He is best known for his novels Xman and ***, as well as for his translation of Samuel Beckett's Eleuthéria.

Xman
Xman (sometimes referred to as XMAN) is Michael Brodsky's third novel.  It tells the parody philosophical tale of Xman, a universal nobody who arrives in Manhattan and drifts between arguments, interviews, accidents, hospitals, derelicts, terrorists, and death.

Xman is noted for its lack of conventional characters or dialogue.  The plot is picaresque.  Ontological discussion is the norm, especially in regard to symptoms, labels, captions, bracketing, impersonation, and the true work.

Xman was described as a "highly regarded avant-garde novel," an example of what small presses are capable of.
Clearwing budgerigar mutation
The Clearwing budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars.  It is the underlying mutation of the Clearwing variety, often known as Yellowwings in the green series and Whitewings in the blue series.  When combined with the Greywing mutation the variety is known as the Full-bodied Greywing.  When combined with the Yellowface II and Opaline mutations the Rainbow variety is produced.

Dilute budgerigar mutation
The Dilute budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars.  It is one of the constituent mutations of several recognised varieties: the Light, Dark, Olive, Grey and Suffused Yellows and the Grey and Suffused Whites.
William David Brohn
William David "Bill" Brohn (March 30, 1933 – May 11, 2017) was an American arranger and orchestrator, best known for his scores of musicals such as Miss Saigon, Ragtime and Wicked.  He won the Tony Award for Best Orchestrations for Ragtime and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Orchestrations three times.

His work was eclectic, orchestrating many different styles of music.  His modern scores are known for their keyboard writing for the orchestra pit, and their balance between acoustic and synthesised sounds.  Brohn was one of the few theatre orchestrators to use the E-bow attachment to the electric guitar, which can be heard in his orchestrations for Wicked and Mary Poppins.

Ragtime (musical)
Ragtime is a musical with music by Stephen Flaherty, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, and a book by Terrence McNally. It is based on the 1975 novel by E. L. Doctorow.

Set in the early 20th century, Ragtime tells the story of three groups in the United States: African Americans, represented by Coalhouse Walker Jr., a Harlem musician; upper-class suburbanites, represented by Mother, the matriarch of a white upper-class family in New Rochelle, New York; and Eastern European immigrants, represented by Tateh, a Jewish immigrant from Latvia. The show also incorporates historical figures such as Harry Houdini, Evelyn Nesbit, Booker T. Washington, J. P. Morgan, Henry Ford, Stanford White, Harry Kendall Thaw, Admiral Peary, Matthew Henson, and Emma Goldman.
A Passport to Hell
A Passport to Hell is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Frank Lloyd and written by Leon Gordon and Bradley King. The film stars Elissa Landi, Paul Lukas, Warner Oland, Alexander Kirkland, Donald Crisp and Earle Foxe. The film was released on August 14, 1932, by Fox Film Corporation.

Alexander Kirkland
William Alexander Kirkland (September 15, 1901, Mexico City, Mexico – c. 1986) was a leading man in Hollywood during the early sound era as well as a stage actor who starred in productions of the Group Theatre in New York.
Katsuragaoka Chashi
The Katsuragaoka Chashi (桂ヶ岡砦跡, Katsuragaoka chashi ato) is remains of an Ainu chashi, located in the Katsuramachi neighborhood of the city of Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan.  The site was designated a  National Historic Site in 1935.

Chashi
Chashi (チャシ also 砦) is the Japanese term for the hilltop fortifications of the Ainu. The word is of Ainu origin, from チャシ (casi, /t͡ɕasi/), which means palisade or palisaded compound; a rival theory relates this to the Korean term 잣 (cas, jat, /t͡ɕa̠t̚/) of roughly the same meaning. Over 520 chashi have been identified in Hokkaidō, mostly in the eastern regions of the island; others are known from southern Sakhalin and the Kurils; similar phenomena such as the ostrogu of Kamchatka and the gorodische of northeast Asia may have developed independently. A few, including the Tōya casi of present-day Kushiro, date to the Muromachi period; the remainder date largely to the early seventeenth century. As such their construction may be related to increased competition for resources as a result of "intensification of trade" with the Japanese.
The Postcard Killings
The Postcard Killings is a 2020 American crime film directed by Danis Tanović, starring Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Famke Janssen and Cush Jumbo, and based on the 2010 novel The Postcard Killers by James Patterson and Liza Marklund. The film was released on March 13, 2020, receiving negative reviews from critics.

James Patterson
James Brendan Patterson (born March 22, 1947) is an American author. Among his works are the Alex Cross, Michael Bennett, Women's Murder Club, Maximum Ride, Daniel X, NYPD Red, Witch & Wizard, Private and Middle School series, as well as many stand-alone thrillers, non-fiction, and romance novels. Patterson's books have sold more than 425 million copies, and he was the first person to sell one million e-books. In 2016, Patterson topped Forbes's list of highest-paid authors for the third consecutive year, with an income of $95 million. His total income over a decade is estimated at $700 million.

In November 2015, Patterson received the Literarian Award from the National Book Foundation. He has donated millions of dollars in grants and scholarship to various universities, teachers' colleges, independent bookstores, school libraries, and college students to promote literacy.
Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd
Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co Ltd [1894] AC 535 is a 19th-century English case decided by the House of Lords. The dispute was about restraint of trade, and the judgment declares when such a restraint (which is prima facie void) may become valid.

The case also established the "Blue pencil doctrine" as a method for deciding whether contractual obligations can be partially enforced when the obligation as drafted in the contract has an element of illegality.

Restraint of trade
Restraints of trade is a common law doctrine relating to the enforceability of contractual restrictions on freedom to conduct business. It is a precursor of modern competition law. In an old leading case of Mitchel v Reynolds  (1711) Lord Smith LC said,

it is the privilege of a trader in a free country, in all matters not contrary to law, to regulate his own mode of carrying it on according to his own discretion and choice. If the law has regulated or restrained his mode of doing this, the law must be obeyed. But no power short of the general law ought to restrain his free discretion.

A contractual undertaking not to trade is void and unenforceable against the promisor as contrary to the public policy of promoting trade, unless the restraint of trade is reasonable to protect the interest of the purchaser of a business.  Restraints of trade can also appear in post-termination restrictive covenants in employment contracts.
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944)
The Revolutionary Communist Party was a British Trotskyist group, formed in 1944 and active until 1949, which published the newspaper Socialist Appeal and a theoretical journal, Workers International News. The party was the ancestor of the three main currents of British Trotskyism: Gerry Healy's Workers Revolutionary Party, Ted Grant's Militant and Tony Cliff's Socialist Workers Party.

Gerry Healy
Thomas Gerard Healy (3 December 1913 – 14 December 1989) was an Irish-born British political activist, a co-founder of the International Committee of the Fourth International and the leader of the Socialist Labour League and later the Workers Revolutionary Party.
College of Engineering Chengannur
The College of Engineering Chengannur  commonly known as CEC, is an engineering institute in the state of Kerala, India, that was established by the Government of Kerala under the aegis of the  Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD) in 1993. The college is located in Chengannur, Alappuzha. The college  is affiliated to the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University and the courses are recognised by AICTE.

Chengannur
Chengannur (IPA: [t͡ʃeŋ:e̞n:u:r]) is a municipality in the Alappuzha district of Kerala, India. It is located 43 km (26.7 mi) south east of the district headquarters in Alappuzha and about 115 km (71.5 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. As per the 2011 Indian census, Chengannur has a population of 23,466 people, and a population density of 1,607/km2 (4,160/sq mi).

Today, Chengannur is a primary economic and cultural hub of the Onattukara region. The town is noted for the Chengannur Mahadeva Temple and the Old Syrian Church of the ancient St. Thomas Christians community. It is also a major point for pilgrims to the Sabarimala Temple, and thus has been described as "The Gateway to Sabarimala".
Susan Wynne
Susan Elizabeth "Susie" Wynne (born March 6, 1965, in Syracuse, New York) is an American former ice dancer and current figure skating analyst and commentator. She competed at the 1988 Winter Olympics with Joseph Druar. The duo won the gold medal at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships twice. She later competed with Russ Witherby. Since retiring from skating, she has worked as a television figure skating analyst for the Fox and ABC networks.

She has also worked as a coach. She coached Ben Agosto early in his career.

Wynne grew up in Camillus, NY.

Russ Witherby
Russel S. "Russ" Witherby (born February 3, 1962, in Cincinnati, Ohio) is an American coach and former competitive figure skater. He holds USFS Gold Medals in Dance & Free Dance, as well as International Dances. He competed in ice dance with several partners. Russ is the 1992 US Ice Dance Champion. He and April Sargent Thomas competed in the 1992 Winter Olympics. His other partners included Lois Luciani and Susie Wynne.

He is currently coaching at the Philadelphia Skating Club and Humane Society and Wissahickon Skating Club (WSC), where he is the Director of Figure Skating. Both clubs are in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Phil Urich
Philip Benjamin "Phil" Urich (/ˈjʊərɪk/) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Web of Spider-Man #125 (June 1995). He was a superhero as the Green Goblin, and a supervillain as the Hobgoblin. He was later crowned the Goblin Knight before dubbing himself the Goblin King.

Darkhawk
Darkhawk (Christopher Powell) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Darkhawk #1 (March 1991), and was created by writer Tom DeFalco and artist Mike Manley. The character appeared in a series of self-titled comics from 1991-1995, then recurred in several limited-run series and multi-title events in the years since. The character's origin is based on a link between a human character and an android from another dimension known as Null Space. The character has also appeared in non-speaking roles on television and video games.
Gilbert and Ellice Islands
The Gilbert and Ellice Islands (GEIC as a colony) in the Pacific Ocean was part of the British Empire from 1892 to 1976. It was a protectorate from 1892 to 12 January 1916, and then a colony until 1 January 1976, and was administered as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) until it became independent as two separate states. The history of GEIC was mainly characterized by phosphate mining on Ocean Island. In October 1975, these islands were divided by force of law into two separate colonies, and they became independent nations shortly thereafter: the Ellice Islands became Tuvalu in 1978, and the Gilbert Islands with Banaba (Ocean Island) became part of Kiribati in 1979.

Gilbert Islands
The Gilbert Islands (Gilbertese: Tungaru; formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill Islands) are a chain of sixteen atolls and coral islands in the Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Papua New Guinea and Hawaii. They constitute the main part of the country of Kiribati (the name of which is a rendering of "Gilberts" in the phonology of the indigenous Gilbertese).
Force of Arms
Force of Arms (reissued as A Girl for Joe) is a 1951 romantic war drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring William Holden, Nancy Olson and Frank Lovejoy. It is the third of four films in 1950 and 1951 to include both Holden and Olson in prominent roles; the others are Sunset Boulevard, Union Station and Submarine Command.

The film is set in the Italian campaign of World War II and its plot involves an American infantryman and Women's Army Corps officer who fall in love.

William Holden
William Franklin Holden (né Beedle; April 17, 1918 – November 12, 1981) was an American actor and one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the film Stalag 17 (1953) and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie  for The Blue Knight (1973).

Holden starred in some of Hollywood's most popular and critically acclaimed films, including Sunset Boulevard (1950), Sabrina (1954), Picnic (1955), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), The Wild Bunch (1969) and Network (1976). He was named one of the "Top 10 Stars of the Year" six times (1954–1958, 1961), and appeared as 25th on the American Film Institute's list of 25 greatest male stars of Classical Hollywood cinema.
Galia Solomonoff
Galia Solomonoff AIA is an Argentinian-born architect and the founding creative director of New York-based architecture and design firm Solomonoff Architecture Studio. Her notable projects include Dia:Beacon; the Defective Brick Project; multiple residential projects in Manhattan and Brooklyn; and competition proposals for international institutional projects.

Dia Beacon
Dia Beacon is the museum for the Dia Art Foundation's collection of art from the 1960s to the present and is one of the 12 locations and sites they manage. The museum, which opened in 2003, is situated near the banks of the Hudson River in Beacon, New York. Dia Beacon's facility, the Riggio Galleries, is a former Nabisco box-printing facility that was renovated by Dia with artist Robert Irwin and architects Alan Koch, Lyn Rice, Galia Solomonoff, and Linda Taalman, then of OpenOffice. Along with Dia's permanent collection, Dia Beacon also presents temporary exhibitions, as well as public programs designed to complement the collection and exhibitions, including monthly Gallery Talks, Merce Cunningham Dance Company Events, Community Free Days for neighboring counties, and an education program that serves area students at all levels. With 160,000 square feet (15,000 m2), it is one of the largest exhibition spaces in the country for modern and contemporary art.
K. Madan Mohan Rao
K. Madan Mohan Rao (born 1969) is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is an MLA from Yellareddy Assembly constituency in Nizamabad district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

Yellareddy Assembly constituency
Yellareddy Assembly constituency is a constituency of Telangana Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of nine constituencies in Nizamabad district. It is part of Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency.

K. Madan Mohan Rao of Indian National Congress represents the constituency.
Rick Holmstrom
Rick Holmstrom (born May 30, 1965) is an American electric blues and rhythm and blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.  Holmstrom has previously worked with William Clarke, Johnny Dyer, and Rod Piazza. He is currently the bandleader for Mavis Staples. In addition, Holmstrom has played and recorded with Jimmy Rogers, Billy Boy Arnold, Booker T. Jones, Jody Williams, and R. L. Burnside.

One critic observed of Holmstrom, "he delivers music with technical savvy and traditional stylings, without sacrificing originality and pure adventure".

William Clarke (musician)
William Clarke (March 29, 1951 – November 2, 1996) was an American blues harmonica player and singer. He was chiefly associated with the Chicago blues style of amplified harmonica, but also incorporated elements of jump blues, swing, and soul jazz into his playing.  Clarke was a master of both cross and chromatic harmonica styles and many consider him among the blues harmonica greats.
Hwang In-shik
Hwang In-shik (Korean: 황인식; born September 13, 1940) is a South Korean martial artist and actor. A 10th degree black belt and grandmaster in hapkido, he is known to film audiences for his roles in various Hong Kong martial arts films, including Bruce Lee's Way of the Dragon, Jackie Chan's The Young Master and Angela Mao's Hapkido.

The Young Master
The Young Master (Chinese: 師弟出馬) is a 1980 Hong Kong martial arts film starring and directed by Jackie Chan, from a screenplay by Chan, Edward Tang, Lau Tin-chi, and Tung Lu. It co-stars Yuen Biao, Fung Fung and Shih Kien. The film was released theatrically in Hong Kong on 9 February 1980.

Notable for being the first film that Jackie Chan worked on for Golden Harvest, it is his second film as director. The film was produced by Raymond Chow and Leonard Ho.
Proof that π is irrational
In the 1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert was the first to prove that the number π is irrational, meaning it cannot be expressed as a fraction  where  and  are both integers. In the 19th century, Charles Hermite found a proof that requires no prerequisite knowledge beyond basic calculus. Three simplifications of Hermite's proof are due to Mary Cartwright, Ivan Niven, and Nicolas Bourbaki. Another proof, which is a simplification of Lambert's proof, is due to Miklós Laczkovich. Many of these are proofs by contradiction.

In 1882, Ferdinand von Lindemann proved that  is not just irrational, but transcendental as well.

Mary Cartwright
Dame Mary Lucy Cartwright DBE FRS FRSE (17 December 1900 – 3 April 1998) was a British mathematician. She was one of the pioneers of what would later become known as chaos theory. Along with J. E. Littlewood, Cartwright saw many solutions to a problem which would later be seen as an example of the butterfly effect.