hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Keiser University
Keiser University is a private university with its main campus in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. Its flagship residential campus is in West Palm Beach, Florida, and additional campuses are located in other parts of Florida and internationally. Keiser provides educational programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate levels in both traditional and online delivery formats. The school is institutionally accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is a regional educational accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. As of 2022, the organization oversees approximately 750 public and private degree-granting educational institutions in the Southern United States. Its headquarters are in North Druid Hills, Georgia, near Decatur, in the Atlanta metropolitan area.

SACS accredits educational institutions in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and educational institutions for U.S. students in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

There are a number of affiliate organizations within the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. One affiliate organization is the Southern Association of Community, Junior, and Technical Colleges.
Armies of the Rus' principalities
The armies of the Rus' principalities emerged in the 13th century out of the military of Kievan Rus', shattered by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. The princely Rus' armies from 1240 to 1550 were characterised by feudalism, consisting of cavalry armies of noble militia and their armed servants.

Military of Kievan Rus'
The military of Kievan Rus' served as the armed forces of Kievan Rus' between the 9th to 13th century. It was mainly characterised by infantry armies of town militia that were supported by druzhyna cavalry.
Brass Monkeys
Brass Monkeys is an Australian television sitcom that was first broadcast in 1984 on the Seven Network. The series was written and produced by Gary Reilly and Tony Sattler, who were known for comedy series The Naked Vicar Show and Kingswood Country. The title comes from the colloquial expression "cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey", in reference to the cold climate of the Antarctic.

Tony Sattler
Tony Sattler (born 1947) is an Australian television writer and producer best known for his development of the Australian television comedies The Naked Vicar Show and Kingswood Country with writer Gary Reilly.
Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District
The Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District is a district of contributing properties and over 1000 historic contributing structures and 315 historic buildings, located in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1975. Most of the contributing elements of the Gettysburg Battlefield are on the protected federal property within the smaller Gettysburg National Military Park.

Historic structures include the Battle of Gettysburg monuments and memorials.  Historic buildings range from a 1776 Colonial tavern to a vacant 1962 Modernist museum (Demolished in 2013).  Contributing structures include postbellum artifacts such as the 1895 Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin, the 1893 Electric Trolley Bed, and the only remaining Tipton Boundary Marker.

Big Round Top
Big Round Top is a boulder-strewn hill notable as the topographic high point: 3  of the Gettysburg Battlefield and for 1863 American Civil War engagements for which Medals of Honor were awarded. In addition to battle monuments, a historic reconstruction era structure on the uninhabited hill is the Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin.
Springfield Model 1886
The Springfield Model 1886 was a trapdoor breechblock service rifle  produced by the Springfield Armory for the United States military. It followed the Springfield Model 1882 “short rifle” as an attempt to create a single longarm that would satisfy the needs of the infantry, cavalry, and artillery.

Approximately 1,000 carbines were produced and were sent to the field for trials. Like the Model 1882, the Model 1886 performed adequately in field trials, but was not seen as an improvement over existing arms.

Springfield Model 1882
The Springfield Model 1882 was a trapdoor breechblock service rifle  produced by the Springfield Armory for the United States military. Based on the design of the Springfield Model 1873, the Model 1882 “short rifle” was an attempt to combine the standard issue, rifle and carbine into one weapon. Sometimes referred to as an “carbine“, the effort was not successful: only 52 were produced, and two variants of 26 each.

It is usually referred to as a "short rifle" but is sometimes called a "carbine".
Mohamed Aslam (member of parliament)
Mohamed Aslam (Dhivehi: މުޙައްމަދު އަސްލަމް; born 30 September 1970) is a Maldivian politician and the 20th speaker of the People's Majlis from 13 November 2023 to 28 May 2024 has served as a member of parliament since 2005. He is a member of the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP).

Aslam was born in 30 September 1970. Aslam was the running mate of Ibrahim Mohamed Solih in the 2023 Maldivian presidential election. Aslam defeated as MDP's candidate for vice president to PPM's Hussain Mohamed Latheef.

Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Ibrahim Mohamed Solih (Dhivehi: އިބްރާހީމް މުޙައްމަދް ޞޯލިޙް; born 4 May 1964), popularly known as Ibu, is a Maldivian politician who served as the 7th President of the Maldives from 2018 to 2023. Solih was a parliamentarian for 15 years, he represented the Hinnavaru constituency and the Lhaviyani Atoll constituency during his tenure. He played a significant role in the democratic reforms of the Maldives and led the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) to victory in the 2018 presidential election. Solih was elected president on 23 September 2018 after winning the 2018 presidential election as the candidate for the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP). His presidency focused on democratic governance, environmental sustainability, and strengthening international relations.
Tyla Abercrumbie
Tyla Abercrumbie is an American actress, director and playwright. She is best known for playing Nina Williams in the drama series The Chi and Officer Mary Jo Sullivan in the crime series NCIS: Origins.

NCIS: Origins
NCIS: Origins is an American police procedural television series, and the sixth installment in the NCIS franchise. It is a prequel to the original series and follows a younger Leroy Jethro Gibbs during his early career years as a Probationary NIS Agent while still processing the trauma of the murder of his wife and daughter.

The series premiered on October 14, 2024, on CBS.
In February 2025, the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on October 14, 2025.  In January 2026, it was renewed for a third season.
Connecticut Route 3
Route 3 is a 14.45-mile-long (23.26 km) route connecting Middletown to Glastonbury. It passes through the towns of Cromwell, Rocky Hill, and Wethersfield. The northernmost 3 miles (4.8 km) of Route 3 is a freeway that was originally intended for the cancelled Interstate 491.

Connecticut Route 372
Route 372 is a 14.95-mile (24.06 km) state highway in Hartford and Middlesex counties in central Connecticut, United States, running from Plainville to Cromwell, and serving to communicate between the numerous freeways in the area. The section of Route 372 from Route 10 in Plainville to the Plainville-New Britain town line is designated the Joseph E. Tinty Memorial Highway.  The section of Route 372 from the interchange with Route 72 in New Britain to the intersection with Route 71A and SR 571 in Berlin is designated the Polish Legion of American Veterans Memorial Highway.
Eltham District Historical Society
Eltham District Historical Society is a community organisation devoted to the collection, preservation and sharing of stories about the local history of the Eltham district in the north east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Its geographic area of interest extends from Lower Plenty and Montmorency to Kangaroo Ground.  It also maintains an interest in the former Shire of Eltham and holds memorabilia from the former Eltham Shire Council. It is located in the Shire of Nillumbik local government area.  It also encourages conservation of significant places, spaces and documents for future generations. It is an affiliated member of the Royal Historical Society of Victoria and the Association of Eastern Historical Societies.  It is an historical society managed by volunteers.

Eltham, Victoria
Eltham (/ˈɛlθəm/ ⓘ) is a suburb of Melbourne, 20 km (12 mi) north-east of the Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government area. Eltham recorded a population of 18,847 at the 2021 census.

Eltham is one of the 'green wedge' areas that provide relatively undeveloped, accessible environments within the Melbourne suburban region. These green wedge areas are under constant pressure from developments such as road and freeway expansions, but Eltham has managed to retain many tree-lined streets and leafy reserves. However, the character of the suburb is changing rapidly, with increased road traffic and higher-density housing becoming more common.

Eltham's tourist attractions include the artists colony Montsalvat and the Diamond Valley Railway, the largest ridable miniature railway in Australia.
Semmalar Annam
Semmalar Annam is an Indian actress and Film Director who works in Tamil-language films. Her film Mayilaa was screened at Rotterdam International Film Festival. She has also directed and acted in more than fifteen short films during her studies at college. After making her feature film debut with Ammani (2016) directed by Lakshmy Ramakrishnan, she went on to star in films such as Maadathy (2019), Sennai (2021) and the Malayalam film Mmmmm (2021).

Maadathy
Maadathy: An Unfairy Tale is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language folklore drama film directed by Leena Manimekalai. The film stars Ajmina Kassim, Patrick Raj, Semmalar Annam and Arul Kumar in the lead roles.

The film premiered at the 2019 Busan International Film Festival, where it received positive critical response. The film later got released in the OTT platform Neestream globally on  24, June 2021.
Logistic distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the logistic distribution is a continuous probability distribution. Its cumulative distribution function is the logistic function, which appears in logistic regression and feedforward neural networks. It resembles the normal distribution in shape but has heavier tails (higher kurtosis).  The logistic distribution is a special case of the Tukey lambda distribution.

Hyperbolic secant distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the hyperbolic secant distribution is a continuous probability distribution whose probability density function and characteristic function are proportional to the hyperbolic secant function. The hyperbolic secant function is equivalent to the reciprocal hyperbolic cosine, and thus this distribution is also called the inverse-cosh distribution.

Generalisation of the distribution gives rise to the Meixner distribution, also known as the Natural Exponential Family - Generalised Hyperbolic Secant or NEF-GHS distribution.
Stryn (village)
Stryn is the administrative centre of Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located on the shore of a small bay off of the main Nordfjorden. The mouth of the river Stryneelva is in the village. The village sits about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) west of the village of Nedstryn.

The 2.01-square-kilometre (500-acre) village has a population (2024) of 2,712 and a population density of 1,349 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,490/sq mi). It is the largest settlement in the municipality and it is home to the municipal administration, a school, and commercial centre. The village sits at the intersection of Norwegian National Road 15 and Norwegian County Road 60, a major crossroads in the Inner Nordfjord region.

Nedstryn
Nedstryn is a small village in Stryn Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located along the river Stryneelva, about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) east of the village of Stryn and the same distance west of the large lake Oppstrynsvatnet. The small village is home to Nedstryn Church. The church serves all of the residents in the area surrounding the church, including the nearby village of Stryn and the areas north of the lake Oppstrynsvatnet including the village of Flo.
Legal Mavericks
Legal Mavericks (Chinese: 踩過界; Cantonese Yale: Cháaigwogaai; literally “Crossing the Line") is a Legal, Crime, Detective television drama created by Lam Chi-wah and TVB. It began principal photography in October 2016. It aired concurrently on TVB Jade, and iQiyi. It stars Vincent Wong, Sisley Choi, Ali Lee, Owen Cheung, Pal Sinn, Tracy Chu, Gilbert Lam, Quinn Ho and Hugo Wong in the first season. The second season of this drama aired in 2020.

Legal Mavericks 2020
Legal Mavericks 2020 (Chinese: 踩過界II), also known as Legal Mavericks 2, is a legal, crime, detective television drama produced by TVB. It serves as the second season to 2017's Legal Mavericks and stars Vincent Wong, Owen Cheung, Sisley Choi, Kelly Cheung and Paul Chun. Lam Chi-wah serves as the producer.
Pierre Jacquinot
Pierre Jacquinot (18 January 1910 – 22 September 2002) was a French physicist.

Jacquinot was a PhD student of Aimé Cotton.
He was director of Laboratoire Aimé-Cotton during almost 20 years (1951–1962 and 1969–1978). From 1962 to 1969 he was appointed director general of CNRS.

In the mid-1940s, Jacquinot noticed that a Michelson interferometer could be modified by removing the need of a slit to achieve a higher resolution. This result became known as Jacquinot's advantage, published by Jacquinot in 1954. In Laboratoire Aimé–Cotton, he advised the work of Pierre and Janine Connes who developed the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy between 1954 and 1966.

In 1966 he entered the French Academy of Sciences. He became its president from 1980 to 1982.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid, or gas. An FTIR spectrometer collects high-resolution spectral data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.

The term Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy originates from the fact that a Fourier transform (a mathematical process) is required to convert the raw data into the actual spectrum.
American Humanist Association
The American Humanist Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that advances secular humanism.

The American Humanist Association was founded in 1941 and currently provides legal assistance to defend the constitutional rights of secular and religious minorities, lobbies Congress on church-state separation and other issues, and maintains a grassroots network of 250 local affiliates and chapters that engage in social activism and community-building events. The AHA has several publications, including The Humanist, Free Mind, a peer-reviewed semi-annual scholastic journal, Essays in the Philosophy of Humanism, and TheHumanist.com. The organization states that it has over 34,000 members.

Foundation Beyond Belief
GO Humanity (Giving and Organizing for Humanity) was a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in 2009 in Georgia by Dale McGowan, originally under the name Foundation Beyond Belief.

The organization's mission was to "end poverty and hunger, promote good health and well-being, and foster employment opportunities and economic growth in ways that exemplify humanist values." Through giving and organizing a volunteer network, the organization served individuals and communities.

Dale McGowan served as executive director from 2009 to 2015. In 2015, Noelle George took over leadership of the organization. In 2020, Tiffany S. Ho replaced George.

On October 1, 2023, Go Humanity dissolved and ceased operations.
Lohan Ratwatte
Lohan Evindra Ratwatte (22 June 1968 – 15 August 2025) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the State Minister of Gem and Jewellery Related Industries and a Member of Parliament from the Kandy District. He was the eldest son of General Anuruddha Ratwatte, a cabinet minister and deputy defence minister.

Mahendra Ratwatte
Thushantha Mahendra Ratwatte is a Sri Lankan politician and former Mayor of Kandy. Currently, he serves as the Basnayake Nilame of Sri Maha Vishnu Devalaya of Kandy & Dedi Munda Devalaya of Aluthnuwara. He is the son of former Sri Lankan Deputy Defense Minister Anuruddha Ratwatte.
All Happy Families...
"All Happy Families..." is the 56th episode of the HBO original series The Sopranos and the fourth of the show's fifth season. Written by Toni Kalem and directed by Rodrigo García, it originally aired on March 28, 2004 and was the most-watched program on U.S. cable television for the week.

Toni Kalem
Toni Z. Kalem (born August 29, 1956) is an American actress. Kalem is best known for her portrayal of Angie Bonpensiero on the HBO series The Sopranos.

Kalem grew up in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey. She appeared in such films as Double Jeopardy, Private Benjamin, Sister Act, The Wanderers, Eyes of the Beholder, Silent Rage and The Boy Who Drank Too Much. Her television credits include guest appearances on Starsky and Hutch, MacGyver, Another World and Police Woman. During the sixth season of The Sopranos, Kalem was elevated from guest star to series regular for her character Angie Bonpensiero, the widow of Sal "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero who runs a body shop in partnership with Tony Soprano.

In 1999, Kalem wrote and directed the film A Slipping Down Life. In 2004, she wrote the fifty-sixth episode for The Sopranos, called "All Happy Families..."
G. V. Narayana Rao
G. V. Narayana Rao (born 9 Sept 1953) is a Telugu actor, producer. He started his acting career with 1976 film Anthuleni Katha directed by K. Balachander. He received Nandi Award as a best supporting actor for this film. He also received special jury award for Oka Oori Katha (1977). He acted in nearly 40 films as a lead actor, and also produced four films including Devanthakudu (1984) and Yamudiki Mogudu (1988).

Devanthakudu (1984 film)
Devanthakudu is a 1984 Indian Telugu-language action crime drama film directed by S. A. Chandrasekhar. The film stars Chiranjeevi and Vijayashanti. It is a remake of Chandrasekhar's own 1983 Kannada film Geluvu Nannade. The film was released on 12 April 1984 and emerged as a commercial success.
1991 Memorial Cup
The 1991 Memorial Cup occurred May 11–19 at the Colisée de Québec in Quebec City, Quebec. It was the 73rd annual Memorial Cup competition and determined the major junior ice hockey champion of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). Participating teams were the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League champion Chicoutimi Saguenéens and runner-up Drummondville Voltigeurs, as well as the winners of the Ontario Hockey League and Western Hockey League which were the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds and Spokane Chiefs. The original host team, the Beauport Harfangs, dropped out after finishing 26-40-4 in the 1990–91 QMJHL season and failing to qualify for the playoffs. Spokane, led by the high-scoring duo of Pat Falloon and Ray Whitney, dominated the tournament and won their first Memorial Cup, defeating Drummondville 5-1 in the final game. The Chiefs became the second American team to win the Memorial Cup.

Drummondville Voltigeurs
The Drummondville Voltigeurs are a Canadian junior ice hockey team of the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). The franchise was originally granted for the 1982–83 season, and is based in Drummondville, Quebec, playing its home games at the Centre Marcel Dionne. The team won the QMJHL's President's Cup in 2009 and 2024.
Oakwood, Georgia
Oakwood is a city in Hall County, Georgia, United States. It is part of the Gainesville, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 4,822 at the 2020 census, up from 3,970 in 2010. Oakwood is home to the University of North Georgia Gainesville Campus and Wayne Farms.

Hall County, Georgia
Hall County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 203,136, up from 179,684 at the 2010 census. The county seat is Gainesville. The entirety of Hall County comprises the Gainesville, Georgia, Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also part of the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, Combined Statistical Area.
Spanish frigate Reina Blanca
Reina Blanca (English: Queen Blanche), sometimes referred to as Blanca (English: Blanche), was a screw frigate of the Spanish Navy commissioned in 1859. She took part in the Hispano–Moroccan War of 1859–1860, the multinational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862, several actions during the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, and the Third Carlist War in 1874. After service as a training ship during the 1870s and 1880s, she was scrapped in 1893.

Reina Blanca was named for Blanche I of Navarre (1387–1441), who was queen regnant of the Kingdom of Navarre from 1425 to 1441. She also was Queen of Sicily from 1402 to 1409 and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily from 1404 to 1405 and from 1408 to 1415.

Spanish frigate Berenguela
Berenguela (English: Berengaria) was a screw frigate of the Spanish Navy commissioned in 1857, the first screw frigate to enter service in the Spanish Navy. She took part in the multinational intervention in Mexico in 1861–1862, several actions during the Chincha Islands War of 1865–1866, and the Spanish-Moro conflict in the early 1870s and was the first Spanish Navy ship to transit the Suez Canal. She was disarmed in 1875 and decommissioned in 1877.

Berenguela was named for Berengaria of Castile (1179 or 1180–1246), who was Queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204 and Queen of Castile from June to August 1217.
Gabrielle Basketter
Gabrielle Amber Basketter (born 12 April 1993) is an English cricketer who currently plays for Worcestershire. An all-rounder, she is a right-handed batter and right-arm off break bowler. She has previously played for Hampshire, Wales and Central Sparks.

Wales women's national cricket team
The Wales women's cricket team is the Welsh team for women's cricket. They play their home matches at various grounds across the country, including Spytty Park, Newport and Pontarddulais Park, Pontarddulais. They are captained by Lauren Parfitt.

As in men's cricket, Wales does not normally compete as a separate country internationally, instead being represented as part of the England team, but in 2005 they played in the European Championship tournament as it was being held in Wales. They finished in third place in the tournament.

The team regularly participate in the English domestic county structure, and in 2019 they competed in Division Two of the final season of the Women's County Championship. They now compete in the Women's Twenty20 Cup. They are partnered with the regional side Western Storm.