hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
William W. Chapman
William Williams Chapman (August 11, 1808 – October 18, 1892) was an American politician and lawyer in Oregon and Iowa. He was born and raised in Virginia. He served as a United States Attorney in Iowa when it was part of the Michigan and Wisconsin territories, and then represented the Iowa Territory in the United States House of Representatives. He later immigrated to the Oregon Country, where he served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature.

After settling in Portland, he helped to found The Oregonian newspaper and promoted economic interests in the city. He also was involved with building Canyon Road near Portland, and fought in the Rogue River War in Oregon. In later years, he served in the Oregon Legislative Assembly and promoted the expansion of railroads from Portland. Chapman Square, a park in downtown Portland, is named for him and was built on land he sold to the city.

Iowa Territory
The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remainder of the territory would have no organized territorial government until the Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.
Maagiya Kanasu
Maagiya Kanasu (pronunciationⓘ) is a 1977 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by K. S. L. Swamy and produced by K. A. Gopal and Lakshman. It is based on a novel by K. Saroja Rao. The film stars Srinath, Aarathi and Shubha in main roles. The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar.

Shubha (actress)
Shubha is an Indian actress who acted prominently in Malayalam films. She was a lead actress during the late 1970s and early 1980s. She also acted in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, and Hindi films. She was the second lead in the cult Kannada classic Naagarahaavu (1972). For this, she received Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for the year 1972–73.
Juliet Vickery
Juliet Anne Vickery is a British ecologist and CEO at the British Trust for Ornithology. Her research focusses on understanding the drivers of declines in farmland and migrant birds. She was president of the British Ornithologists' Union between 2019 and 2023.

British Ornithologists' Union
The British Ornithologists' Union (BOU) aims to encourage the study of birds (ornithology) around the world in order to understand their biology and aid their conservation. The BOU was founded in 1858 by Professor Alfred Newton, Henry Baker Tristram and other scientists.  Its quarterly journal, Ibis, has been published continuously since 1859.

The Records Committee (BOURC) is a committee of the BOU established to maintain the British List, the official list of birds recorded in Great Britain.

BOU is headquartered in Peterborough and is a registered charity in England & Wales and Scotland.
Sooner Catholic
The Sooner Catholic is a bi-monthly newspaper (except in July and December) published by the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. (The Sooner Catholic Online is the web-based version of the newspaper.) There is no subscription charge for Catholics in Oklahoma who request the newspaper; a subscription rate of $20 a year is requested for those persons who are not members of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City. The current publisher of the newspaper is Paul Stagg Coakley, archbishop of Oklahoma City.

Archdiocese of Oklahoma City
The Archdiocese of Oklahoma City (Latin: Archidioecesis Oclahomensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church of western Oklahoma in the United States. The mother church of the archdiocese is the Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Oklahoma City.

As of 2024, His Excellency, The Most Reverend, Paul Coakley is archbishop of Oklahoma City. As such, he is the metropolitan bishop of the ecclesiastical province which includes the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City, the Diocese of Tulsa and the Diocese of Little Rock.
Project Travois
Project Travois was a 1966 U.S. Army Nuclear Cratering Group proposal to develop demonstration projects using nuclear explosives for dam construction. The project was proposed as a component of Project Plowshare, which sought ways to use nuclear devices in public works and industrial development projects. Several sites were considered in California, New Mexico, Idaho, and Oregon. None were pursued beyond studies, and all nuclear quarrying projects were abandoned by the end of 1968.

Nuclear Cratering Group
The United States Army Corps of Engineers Nuclear Cratering Group (NCG) was an organization within the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), located at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, which was involved in research on the potential uses and effects of nuclear devices for large-scale excavation and quarrying. The group's activities were focused on research for practical applications of nuclear devices, some of which were proposed for the Atomic Energy Commission's (AEC) Project Plowshare program for peaceful nuclear explosions. In particular, the NCG was directed to study excavation techniques for a sea-level canal across the Isthmus of Panama.

The Nuclear Cratering Group was established in 1962. It was reorganized as the Explosive Excavation Research Laboratory under the Waterways Experiment Station in 1971.
Glossary of fuel cell terms
The Glossary of fuel cell terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the fuel cell industry. The terms in this fuel cell glossary may be used by fuel cell industry associations, in education material and fuel cell codes and standards to name but a few.

Membrane electrode assembly
A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is an assembled stack of proton-exchange membranes (PEM) or alkali anion exchange membrane (AAEM), catalyst and flat plate electrode used in fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Boss Drum
Boss Drum is the Shamen's 1992 album, released a year after the death of bassist Will Sinnott. It features their UK number one single "Ebeneezer Goode". Critics gave the album positive feedback and the album reached number three on the UK Albums Chart, and was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry in December 1992.

Ebeneezer Goode
"Ebeneezer Goode" is a song by Scottish electronic music group the Shamen. Written by Colin Angus and Richard West, and remixed by the Beatmasters, the song became their biggest hit when released as a single on 24 August 1992 by One Little Indian, topping the UK Singles Chart for four weeks. The group's original version featured on the vinyl edition of their fifth album, Boss Drum (1992).

"Ebeneezer Goode" was one of the most controversial UK number-one hits of the 1990s due to its perceived oblique endorsement of recreational drug use, and it was initially banned by the BBC. It has been claimed the single was eventually withdrawn after the band were hounded by the British tabloid press, although the Shamen stated it was deleted while at number one due to its long chart run "messing up our release schedule". Its music video was directed by Richard Heslop and features Jerry Sadowitz.
Edmund C. Converse
Edmund Cogswell Converse (November 7, 1849 – April 4, 1921) was an American businessman, banker and baseball executive. He was a steel industry executive and participated in mergers that unified much of the American steel industry. Later, continuing an association with J. P. Morgan, he was the first president of Bankers Trust. Late in his life, he consolidated 20 farms to create the 1,481-acre (599 ha) tract known as Conyers Farm in Greenwich, Connecticut. Conyers Farm remained unoccupied for 15 years after Converse's death.

Bankers Trust
Bankers Trust was a historic American banking organization. The bank merged with Alex. Brown & Sons in 1997 before being acquired by Deutsche Bank in 1999. Deutsche Bank sold the Trust and Custody division of Bankers Trust to State Street Corporation in 2003.
2008 Kadima leadership election
An election for the leadership of Kadima was held on 17 September 2008 as a concession to Kadima's coalition partner, Labor, which had threatened to bring down the government if Prime Minister Ehud Olmert didn't stand aside following police investigations into alleged corruption during his terms as minister and as mayor of Jerusalem.

As Kadima remained the largest party in the Knesset and the coalition, Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni, the designated new leader after balloting, had the chance to form a government without a need for elections.

The election was the party's first official leadership election. Previously, in 2006, there had been a leadership vote, but it was for interim leader.

2009 Israeli legislative election
Legislative elections were held in Israel on 10 February 2009 to elect the 120 members of the eighteenth Knesset. These elections became necessary due to the resignation of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert as leader of the Kadima party, and the failure of his successor, Tzipi Livni, to form a coalition government. Had Olmert remained in office or had Livni formed a coalition government, the elections would have been scheduled for 2010 instead.

Although the incumbent prime minister's party, Kadima, won the most seats in the parliament, the Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu was able to form a majority coalition government and become the new prime minister.
Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh
Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh (died 19 May 1944) was a Singaporean rice and opium merchant and hotelier of Iraqi-Jewish descent, who co-founded Singapore's Goodwood Park Hotel with his brothers Morris and Ellis. During the Japanese occupation, Manasseh was sent to Changi Prison where he died in 1944. Eden Hall was built as his home in 1904, and is now the official residence of the British High Commissioner in Singapore.

Eden Hall, Singapore
Eden Hall is the official residence of the British High Commissioner to the Republic of Singapore. It is located on Nassim Road, Tanglin, Singapore.

It was built in 1904 for Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh, a Baghdadi Jewish merchant who sold rice and opium, and originally came from Calcutta. It was designed by the architect R. A. J. Bidwell, who also designed the Raffles Hotel and the Goodwood Park Hotel. The architect Leonard Manasseh, the nephew of Ezekiel Saleh Manasseh, was born there in 1916.

Ezekiel Manasseh died in the Changi Prison hospital in May 1944 during the Japanese occupation of Singapore, and in 1957, his stepson Vivian Bath retired to Australia and sold Eden House to the British government for the nominal sum of £56,000 and stipulated that there must be a plaque at the bottom of the flagpole: "May the Union Jack fly here forever". After Singapore's independence, the building was made the official residence of the British High Commissioner to the Republic of Singapore.
Suicide of Megan Meier
Megan Taylor Meier (November 6, 1992 – October 17, 2006) was an American teenager who died by suicide by hanging herself less than three weeks before her 14th birthday. A year later, Meier's parents prompted an investigation into the matter, and her suicide was attributed to cyberbullying through the social networking website MySpace. Lori Drew, Meier's neighbor and the mother of Meier's classmate, was found guilty of cyberbullying in the 2009 case United States v. Drew, but the conviction was later overturned.

Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying (cyberharassment or online bullying/harassment) is a form of bullying or harassment using electronic means. Since the 2000s, it has become increasingly common, especially among teenagers and adolescents, due to young people's increased use of social media. Related issues include online/internet harassment and trolling. In 2015, according to cyberbullying statistics from the i-Safe Foundation, over half of adolescents and teens had been bullied online, and about the same number had engaged in cyberbullying. Both the bully and the victim are negatively affected, and the intensity, duration, and frequency of bullying are three aspects that increase the negative effects on both of them.
Alfred Wilks Drayson
Alfred Wilks Drayson (also Wilkes) (1827–1901) was an English army officer, writer and astronomer. He was a personal friend of Arthur Conan Doyle, who dedicated to him the short story collection The Captain of the Polestar.

Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician. He is best known for De Morgan's laws, relating logical conjunction, disjunction, and negation, and for coining the term "mathematical induction", the underlying principles of which he formalized. De Morgan's contributions to logic are heavily used in many branches of mathematics, including set theory and probability theory, as well as other related fields such as computer science.
Julian (play)
Julian is an 1823 historical tragedy by the British writer Mary Russell Mitford. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 15 March 1823.  The original cast included William Macready as Julian, Maria Foote as Alphonso, King of Sicily, George John Bennett as Duke of Melfi, William Abbot as Count D'Alba, Daniel Egerton as Leanti, William Chapman as Calvi, Thomas Comer as Bertone and Maria Lacy as Annabel. Mitford wrote the play during the delays over the staging of her previous work Foscari which finally premiered in 1826. It is influenced by the 1820 rebellion on Sicily and its defeat and repression by Bourbon forces.

Foscari (play)
Foscari is an 1826 historical tragedy by the British writer Mary Russell Mitford. The plot revolves around Francesco Foscari, the son of the Doge of Venice, who is wrongly accused of murder and has to go into exile. It premiered at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden on 4 November 1826. The original cast included Charles Mayne Young as the Doge of Venice, Charles Kemble as Francesco Foscari, James Prescott Warde as Count Erizzo, and Daniel Egerton as Donato.

Mitford began writing the play in 1821 with the Covent Garden company in mind for the characters, but tensions between Charles Kemble and his rival at the theatre William Macready led to a long delay and Macready eventually did not appear. During the delay, the publication of Lord Byron's The Two Foscari based on the same subject, disturbed Mitford as she did not wish to be seen in competition with Byron. During the delay, she wrote another play Julian which was successfully performed at Covent Garden in 1823.
DeKalb County Police Department
The DeKalb County Police Department (DKPD) is the primary law enforcement agency for unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, as well as the incorporated cities of Tucker and Stonecrest. The department serves a population of more than 730,000 people. The chief is Mirtha V. Ramos.

The DeKalb County Police Department has been accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies since 1991.

Tucker, Georgia
Tucker is a city located in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States, located near Atlanta and was originally settled in the 1820s, and later developed as a railroad community in 1892. As of the 2020 census, Tucker had a population of 37,005. In a November 2015 referendum, by a 3:1 margin (73.94%), voters approved incorporating Tucker into a city. In March 2016, Tucker residents elected the city's first mayor and city council.
John Burzichelli
John J. Burzichelli (born November 14, 1954) is an American Democratic Party politician from Paulsboro, New Jersey, who has been the Senator from the state's 3rd Legislative District since January 9, 2024, a seat which he won after defeating incumbent Republican Edward Durr in the 2023 elections.

Prior to winning election to the state Senate, Burzichelli served in New Jersey General Assembly for the 3rd District from 2002 to 2022, spending the last sixteen years of his time there as the Deputy Speaker of the Assembly.

Heather Simmons (politician)
Heather Simmons (born 1968 or 1969) is an American public relations professional and Democratic Party politician serving as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly for the 3rd legislative district, since taking office on January 9, 2024.
Jim Powers
James Manley (born January 4, 1958) is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Jim Powers. He worked for the World Wrestling Federation from 1984 to 1994, then elsewhere until 2010. He was born in Washington Heights, Manhattan, and grew up watching the then-regional promotion at Madison Square Garden.

Steve Lombardi
Steven Kenneth Lombardi (born April 18, 1961) is an American professional wrestler and road agent, better known by his ring name, the Brooklyn Brawler. He is currently signed to Major League Wrestling (MLW), where he performs as an on-screen personality and promoter under the ring name Kimchee. He is best known for his tenure in WWE, as well as several independent promotions.
Mark O'Brien (footballer, born 1984)
Mark O'Brien (born 13 May 1984) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.

O'Brien comes from a footballing background as his father Derek played for Shamrock Rovers from 1981 to 1983 and his uncles Fran and Ray both played for Ireland. His younger brother Colin played alongside him at Shelbourne.

Derek O'Brien (footballer, born 1957)
Derek O'Brien (born 11 September 1957) is an Irish retired footballer who played as a right-back in the League of Ireland during the 1980s.

O'Brien played for Bohemians, Dundalk, Shamrock Rovers, Athlone Town, Longford Town and Home Farm. He represented Ireland at youth level and made 28 league appearances for Bohs.

Derek played in all four European games during his time at Oriel Park, in ties against PSV Eindhoven and Hajduk Split.

He signed for Rovers in the 1981 close season where he stayed for two seasons.

He is the brother of Fran O'Brien and Ray O'Brien, son of Fran O'Brien Senior, (Drumcondra F.C.) and father of Mark and Colin.
Ravali
Ravali is an Indian actress who has appeared in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi language films. She is probably best known for her performances in Subhakankshalu, Pelli Sandadi, Vinodam and Mard.

Subhakankshalu
Subhakankshalu is a 1997 (transl. Congratulations) Indian Telugu-language comedy-drama film directed by Bhimaneni Srinivasa Rao. Produced by N. V. Prasad and S. Naga Ashok Kumar, the film stars Jagapathi Babu, Ravali, and Raasi, who made her debut in a lead role in Telugu cinema. The music for the film was jointly composed by Koti and S. A. Rajkumar.

The film is a remake of the 1996 Tamil film Poove Unakkaga.
2005 Cambridgeshire County Council election
An election to Cambridgeshire County Council took place on 5 May 2005 as part of the 2005 United Kingdom local elections. The election took place on the same day as the 2005 United Kingdom General Election. 69 councillors were elected from 60 electoral divisions, which returned either one or two county councillors each by first-past-the-post voting. New electoral division boundaries were brought in for this election, increasing the number of seats from the 59 seats at the 2001 Cambridgeshire County Council election. The Conservative Party retained their majority on the council, while the Labour Party lost all their rural councillors with their representation limited to the city of Cambridge.

2001 Cambridgeshire County Council election
An election to Cambridgeshire County Council took place on 3 May 2001 as part of the 2001 United Kingdom local elections. The previous election was the 1997 Cambridgeshire County Council election. All 59 councillors were elected from electoral divisions, which returned either one or two county councillors each by first-past-the-post voting. New electoral division boundaries were brought in for the next elections, increasing the number of seats to 69 at the 2005 Cambridgeshire County Council election.
Benedict Levita
Benedict Levita (of Mainz), or Benedict the Deacon, is the pseudonym attached to a forged collection of capitularies that appeared in the ninth century.

The collection belongs to the group of pseudo-Isidorian forgeries that includes the false decretals ascribed to Isidorus Mercator, the so-called Capitula Angilramni, and a series of reworked extracts from the Council of Chalcedon.

Capitulary
A capitulary (medieval Latin capitulare) was a series of legislative or administrative acts emanating from the Frankish court of the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties, especially that of Charlemagne, the first emperor of the Romans in the west since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century. They were so called because they were formally divided into sections called capitula (plural of capitulum, a diminutive of caput meaning "head(ing)": chapters).

As soon as the capitulary was composed, it was sent to the various functionaries of the Frankish Empire, archbishops, bishops, missi dominici and counts, a copy being kept by the chancellor in the archives of the palace. The last emperor to draw up capitularies was Lambert of Italy, in 898.
Greenfield Township, Michigan
Greenfield is a former civil township of Wayne County, Michigan; it was created from a portion of neighboring Springwells Township in 1833. Greenfield eventually encompassed the survey township T1S R11E.  It even had its own police force. 
By 1875, a series of annexations to Detroit and Highland Park had begun; by 1926, the township of Greenfield had ceased to exist.

Today, Greenfield Road follows the former western township boundary between Greenfield and Redford Township.  8 Mile road was the northern boundary of Greenfield Township.  Tireman Avenue follows the former southern boundary between Greenfield and Springwells Township.

Highland Park, Michigan
Highland Park is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An enclave of Detroit, Highland Park is located roughly 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Downtown Detroit and is surrounded by Detroit on most sides. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 8,977. About 90 percent of residents are African American.
Seymour High School (Indiana)
Seymour High School is a public high school in Seymour, Indiana. It is one of two high schools in the Seymour Community Schools district, with the other high school for Seymour students is Trinity Lutheran High School.

Seymour, Indiana
Seymour is a city in Jackson and Redding Townships, Jackson County, Indiana, United States. It is situated about 62 miles (100 km) south of Indianapolis and 55 miles (89 km) north of Louisville, Kentucky. Its population was 21,569 at the 2020 census.

The city is known as the "Crossroads of Southern Indiana" for its location at the intersection of two major north–south and east–west railroads, which cross each other in the downtown area (and are still operating). The north–south line (the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad) was built in the 1840s and connected Indianapolis to the Ohio River at Jeffersonville. The east–west line (the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad) was built in the 1850s, connecting Cincinnati with St. Louis. The first settlers arrived at the intersection of these railroads - Seymour - in the spring of 1853. The city is home to Freeman Army Airfield, a historically significant WWII airbase that is now a civilian airport.
Angelo Maffucci
Angelo Maria Maffucci (October 27, 1847 – November 24, 1903) was an Italian pathologist of the nineteenth century. His most important scientific contribution is related to the description of the disease known as Maffucci's Syndrome. Maffucci was a pioneer in the field of embryonal infective pathology. His settlement in Pisa, as the chairman of Pathology, represents a very significant moment for the Pisan academic environment and for the University of Pisa.

Maffucci syndrome
Maffucci syndrome is a very rare disorder in which multiple benign tumors of cartilage develop within the bones (such tumors are known as enchondromas). The tumors most commonly appear in the bones of the hands, feet, and limbs, causing bone deformities and short limbs.

It is named for the Italian pathologist Angelo Maffucci who described it in 1881. Fewer than 200 cases of this syndrome have been reported.