hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Epilogism
Epilogism (ἐπίλογισμός; lit. "appraisal" or "assessment") is a theory-free method of inference used in Ancient Greek philosophy and Ancient Greek medicine in order to arrive at insight without deductive reasoning or inference based on unobservables, relying solely on reflection of what is already both visible and evident. It was used by Epicurus in his discussions of the philosophy of time, and also as a justification for his theory of psychological hedonism. In the Empiric school of medicine, it was one of the three main sources of knowledge, along with direct observation and the study of observations made by others.

Empiric school
The Empiric school of medicine (Empirics, Empiricists, or Empirici, Greek: Ἐμπειρικοί) was a school of medicine founded in Alexandria the middle of the third century BC. The school was a major influence on ancient Greek and Roman medicine. The school's name is derived from the word empeiria (ἐμπειρία "experience") because they professed to derive their knowledge from experiences only, and in doing so set themselves in opposition to the Dogmatic school. Serapion of Alexandria, and Philinus of Cos, are regarded as the founders of this school in the 3rd century BC. Other physicians who belonged to this sect were: Apollonius of Citium, Glaucias, Heraclides, Bacchius, Zeuxis, Menodotus, Theodas, Herodotus of Tarsus, Aeschrion, Sextus Empiricus, and Marcellus Empiricus. The sect survived a long time, as Marcellus lived in the 4th century AD. The doctrines of this school are described by Aulus Cornelius Celsus in the introduction to his De Medicina.
Saguaro Correctional Center
The Saguaro Correctional Center (SCC) is a private prison for male inmates, owned and operated by CoreCivic located in Eloy, Pinal County, Arizona.

The prison contracts with the Hawaii Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation as well as the Idaho Department of Corrections. As of 2016, the prison, located in the Sonoran Desert, houses the majority of the State of Hawaii's male prison population.

Saguaro, which houses multiple security levels, is on Arizona State Highway 87, halfway between Phoenix and Tucson. Saguaro is adjacent to three other prisons also run by CCA: the Eloy Detention Center, the La Palma Correctional Facility, and the Red Rock Correctional Center.  The nearest cities with food and lodging are Coolidge and Casa Grande.

Red Rock Correctional Center
The Red Rock Correctional Facility is a medium-security, privately owned and operated state prison for men located in Eloy, Pinal County, Arizona, owned and operated by the Corrections Corporation of America under contract with the Arizona Department of Corrections.

The facility opened in December 2006 and has a working capacity of 1,596 prisoners held at a medium security level.

Before 2014, the facility had housed inmates from California, Alaska, Hawaii, and detainees of the U.S. Marshals Service.  Red Rock is adjacent to three other prisons also run by CCA:  the Eloy Detention Center, the La Palma Correctional Facility, and the Saguaro Correctional Center.
Male and Female
Male and Female is a 1919 American silent adventure/drama film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and starring Gloria Swanson and Thomas Meighan. Its main themes are gender relations and social class. The film is based on the 1902 J. M. Barrie play The Admirable Crichton.

A previous version was filmed the year before in England as The Admirable Crichton.

Thomas Meighan
Thomas Meighan (April 9, 1879 – July 8, 1936) was an American actor of silent films and early talkies. He played several leading-man roles opposite popular actresses of the day, including Mary Pickford and Gloria Swanson. At one point he earned $10,000 per week.
Sarah, Mississippi
Sarah is an unincorporated community in Tate County, Mississippi, United States. Sarah is located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Savage and 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Askew along Mississippi Highway 3.

Although an unincorporated community, Sarah has a post office and a zip code of 38665.

Savage, Mississippi
Savage is an unincorporated community in Tate County, Mississippi, United States. Savage is located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Sarah and 16 miles (26 km) west of Senatobia along Mississippi highways 3 and 4.
Forty Thieves (New York gang)
The Forty Thieves — likely named after Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves — were formed in 1825 and alleged to be the first known and oldest New York City criminal street gang. The Thieves consisted primarily of Irish immigrants and Irish Americans who terrorized the Five Points neighborhood of 19th century Manhattan. Another criminal gang named the "Forty Thieves" which had no criminal ties to the New York gang was formed in London, England in 1828.

From 1873-1950s, an all-female London criminal gang known as the "Forty Elephants" was also known to use the name the Forty Thieves. Later, a criminal gang in Philadelphia called themselves the Forty Thieves. The Kerryonians, another early Irish gang formed in the same year as the Forty Thieves, have been alleged to be the second oldest organized criminal gang in New York City.

Kerryonians
The Kerryonians were the second oldest  criminal street gang in New York City
 but may have been the first gang in the city. The members were made up of recent Irish immigrants from County Kerry, Ireland. There was also a 19th-century Philadelphia gang of the same name. Beginning in the 1820s, the Kerryonians were part of the first wave of the early New York gangs, following behind the first and oldest gang in the city, the Forty Thieves, to occupy the Five Points area. The Kerryonians were particularly fond of targeting New Yorkers who were of British descent. The Kerryonians also fought a gang named the "Pelters". They are most known however for disrupting British actor William Charles Macready's performance at Astor Place around 1849. The Kerryonians were eventually absorbed into the growing street gangs of Five Points such as the Dead Rabbits, Roach Guards, and Chichesters.
Live at Sweet Basil Volume 1
Live at Sweet Basil Volume 1 is an album by David Murray, released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1984 and the first to feature his Big Band. It features performances by Murray, Olu Dara, Baikida Carroll, Craig Harris, Bob Stewart, Vincent Chancey, Steve Coleman, John Purcell, Rod Williams, Fred Hopkins and Billy Higgins conducted by Lawrence "Butch" Morris. The album was followed by Live at Sweet Basil Volume 2.

Fred Hopkins
Fred Hopkins (October 11, 1947 – January 7, 1999) was an American double bassist who played a major role in the development of the avant-garde jazz movement. He was best known for his association with the trio Air with Henry Threadgill and Steve McCall, and for his numerous performances and extensive recordings with major jazz musicians such as Muhal Richard Abrams, Arthur Blythe, Oliver Lake, and David Murray. He was a member of the AACM, and a frequent participant in the loft jazz scene of the 1970s. He also co-led a number of albums with the composer and cellist Diedre Murray. Gary Giddins wrote that Hopkins' playing "fused audacious power with mercuric reflexes." Howard Reich, writing in the Chicago Tribune, stated that "many connoisseurs considered [Hopkins] the most accomplished jazz bassist of his generation" and praised him for "the extraordinarily fluid technique, sumptuous tone and innovative methods he brought to his instrument."
Roland Sandberg
Ernst Roland Sandberg (born 16 December 1946) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a striker. Starting off his career with Kalmar FF in 1966, he went on to represent Åtvidabergs FF, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, and BK Häcken before his retirement in 1981. A full international between 1969 and 1976, he won 37 caps and scored 15 goals for the Sweden national team. He was a part of the Sweden team that finished fifth at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.

Åtvidabergs FF
Åtvidabergs Fotbollförening, also known simply as Åtvidabergs FF, Åtvidaberg, Åtvid or (especially locally) ÅFF, is a Swedish professional football club based in Åtvidaberg. The club is affiliated with Östergötlands Fotbollförbund and plays their home games at Kopparvallen. The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are blue and white. Formed on 1 July 1907 as Åtvidabergs IF, the club was most successful during the 1970s when they won two national championship titles and two national cup titles. With a population of around 7,000, Åtvidaberg is the smallest town ever to bring home a Swedish league title. They currently play in Division 2, where the season lasts from April to November.
Canada–Australia salmon trade dispute
In the 1990s, a trade dispute over fresh salmon arose between the Commonwealth nations of Canada and Australia. In 1995, Canada made a complaint to the World Trade Organization, of which both countries are members, about Australia's restriction on imports of fresh salmon, which were part of a quarantine measure for health purposes.

WTO dispute resolution favored Canada, both in a 1997 panel decision and in a subsequent decision by the WTO Appellate Body. The WTO determined that the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) did not allow Australia's import ban. The WTO ordered Australia to lift its ban and increased quarantine requirements not only for salmon, but for imports of other species of fish as well. The parties settled their dispute in 2000.

Australia–Canada relations
Australia and Canada have a longstanding positive relationship fostered by shared history, culture, and political institutions. Both countries are federal Westminster parliamentary constitutional monarchies in personal union with each other as Commonwealth realms, sharing King Charles III as head of state (legally, the King is equally and separately the sovereign of both countries, as King of Australia and Canada). The two countries have a deep and institutionalized political relationship as well as close cultural ties due to their shared history as British Dominions.

Both countries are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Cairns Group, Commonwealth of Nations, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, Five Eyes, OECD and the United Nations. Universities in both countries are also part of Association of Pacific Rim Universities.
Shogo Yamaguchi
Shogo Yamaguchi (山口 翔悟, Yamaguchi Shōgo; born February 19, 1983) in Aichi Prefecture is a Japanese actor. He debuted as an actor in V-cinema in 2001, and made his theatrical film debut in 2003 in Azumi. His first main lead starring role was in the tokusatsu television series Madan Senki Ryukendo in 2006, which was a major breakthrough and made him rise to worldwide fame, and is also considered to be his best and most memorable performance to date. In 2008, he was selected from an audition of 500 actors to play the male lead against the heroine in the NHK Asadora Dandan. His other notable roles are in the movie Parazoku: Parapara ja Naika (2006) and the television series Hanchō.

Magic Bullet Chronicles Ryukendo
Magic Bullet Chronicles Ryukendo (魔（ま）弾（だん）戦（せん）記（き）リュウケンドー, Madan Senki Ryūkendō) is a Japanese superhero-genre television drama. It was Takara and We've Inc's first attempt at a tokusatsu series. This series aired at 7:00 JST on TV Aichi from January 8 to December 31, 2006. It is also a partial prequel to the Tomica Hero Series, the cast reprising their characters in the Tomica Hero Rescue Force movie.
Kickboxer 2
Kickboxer 2 (stylized on-screen as Kickboxer 2: The Road Back) is a 1991 American martial arts film directed by Albert Pyun and written by David S. Goyer. The film is the second entry into the Kickboxer film series, and stars Sasha Mitchell in the role of David Sloan (unlike Sloane in the first film), the brother of Kickboxer's lead character Kurt, portrayed by Jean-Claude Van Damme.

Sasha Mitchell
Sasha Sergei Mitchell (born July 27, 1967) is an American actor and martial artist best known for his television roles as Cody Lambert on Step by Step and James Beaumont on Dallas. He also played the role of David Sloane in three of the five installments of the original Kickboxer film franchise. Mitchell has a black belt in taekwondo.
Sweet Oblivion
Sweet Oblivion is the sixth studio album by Screaming Trees, released on September 8, 1992. It quickly became the band's best-selling record, and was the closest they ever came to achieving mainstream success. Sweet Oblivion sold in excess of  300,000 copies on the strength of the band's biggest hit, "Nearly Lost You". The song benefited from an appearance on Singles: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack, a Top Ten, platinum-selling hit album which featured many other popular Seattle-based music acts from the period.

Around the time of the recording of the album, the band’s original drummer Mark Pickerel left to pursue other musical interests, and was replaced with Barrett Martin.

Nearly four years passed in between Sweet Oblivion and the band's follow-up album, Dust, a move that hurt much of the band's commercial momentum.

Barrett Martin
Barrett Harrington Martin (born April 14, 1967) is an American drummer and record producer from Washington. He is perhaps best known for his work with the alternative rock bands Screaming Trees and Mad Season. He was also a member of Skin Yard, Tuatara, and Walking Papers, and has performed as a session musician for many artists in a variety of genres. As a producer, he has won one Latin Grammy and has been nominated in two other categories. As an ethnomusicologist, he has produced two albums for the Shipibo Shamans in the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest, and one album for the Neets'ai Gwich'in in the Alaskan Arctic.
Langenthal-Jura Railway
The Langenthal-Jura Railway (German: Langenthal-Jura-Bahn, LJB) was a former railway company in Switzerland. It merged in 1958 with the Langenthal–Melchnau-Bahn (lit. 'Langenthal-Melchnau Railway', LMB) to form Oberaargau-Jura Railways (German: Oberaargau-Jura-Bahnen, OJB), which then operated the then still 11 km-long, metre-gauge LJB line from Langenthal to Niederbipp. After further mergers, the Langenthal–Oensingen railway line has been part of the Aare Seeland mobil (ASm) since 1999.

Aare Seeland mobil
The Aare Seeland mobil AG (branded asm or asmobil) based in Langenthal is a transport company in Switzerland. It was created in 1999 from the merger of Oberaargau Regional Transport (Regionalverkehr Oberaargau; RVO), the Solothurn-Niederbipp Railway (Solothurn-Niederbipp-Bahn; SNB), the Biel-Täuffelen-Ins Railway (Biel-Täuffelen-Ins-Bahn; BTI) and the Oberaargauische Automobilkurse (a bus company; OAK).
Artist Point
Artist Point is an overlook point on the edge of a cliff on the south rim of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The point is located east-northeast of Yellowstone Falls on the Yellowstone River. Artist Point was originally named in 1883 by Frank Jay Haynes who improperly believed that the point was the place at which painter Thomas Moran sketched his 1872 depictions of the falls. Later work determined that the sketches were made from the north rim, but the name Artist Point stuck.

Yellowstone Falls
Yellowstone Falls consist of two major waterfalls on the Yellowstone River, within Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States. As the Yellowstone river flows north from Yellowstone Lake, it leaves the Hayden Valley and plunges first over Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River and then one-quarter mile (400 m) downstream over Lower Falls of the Yellowstone River, at which point it then enters the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, which is up to 1,000 feet (300 m) deep.
Harbor Subdivision
The Harbor Subdivision is a single-track main line of the BNSF Railway which stretches 53 miles (85 km) between rail yards near downtown Los Angeles and the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach across southwestern Los Angeles County. It was the primary link between two of the world's busiest harbors and the national rail network. Mostly displaced with the April 15, 2002 opening of the more direct Alameda Corridor, the Harbor Sub takes a far more circuitous route from origin to destination, owing to its growth in segments over the decades. The subdivision was built in this fashion beginning in the early 1880s to serve the ports and the various businesses that developed along it.

Alameda Corridor
The Alameda Corridor is a 20-mile (32 km) freight rail "expressway" owned by the Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority (reporting mark ATAX) that connects the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach with the transcontinental mainlines of the BNSF Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad that terminate near downtown Los Angeles, California. Running largely in a trench below Alameda Street, the corridor was considered one of the region's largest transportation projects when it was constructed in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Clinch fighting
Clinch fighting or trapping is the part of stand-up fighting where the combatants are grappling in a clinch, typically using clinch holds. Clinching the opponent can be used to eliminate the opponent's effective usage of some kicks, punches, and melee weapons. The clinch can also be used as a medium to switch from stand-up fighting to ground fighting by using takedowns, throws or sweeps.

Clinch fighting is emphasized in both striking martial arts, such as Kun Khmer, Muay Thai, Lethwei, Boxing, and Sanda, as well as grappling martial arts, such as Wrestling, Judo, Sumo, Sambo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

Collar tie
Collar tie is a grappling clinch hold that is used to control the opponent. It is performed from the front of the opponent by grabbing the opponent by the collar, behind the neck, or behind the trapezius muscle. A collar tie using one hand is called a single collar tie, and a collar tie with both hands is called a double collar tie.
Bad Muskau
Bad Muskau (German pronunciation: [ˌbaːt ˈmʊskaʊ] ⓘ) or Mužakow (Upper Sorbian pronunciation: [ˈmuʒakɔf] ⓘ; named Muskau in German until 1962; Polish: Mużaków; Czech: Mužakov) is a spa town in the historic Upper Lusatia region in eastern Germany, at the border with Poland. It is part of the Görlitz district in the State of Saxony.

It is located on the banks of the Lusatian Neisse river, directly opposite the town of Łęknica. It is part of the recognized Sorbian settlement area in Saxony. Upper Sorbian has an official status next to German, with all villages bearing names in both languages.

Bad Muskau gained worldwide fame through prince and landscape artist Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, who created a unique cultural asset with his landscape park. The Muskau Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is split between Bad Muskau and Łęknica.

Spa town
A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons may visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits.

Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water. This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after.

The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy, which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths, and comes from the Belgian town Spa.
1848 Belgian general election
Full general elections were held in Belgium on 13 June 1848. They followed an equalisation of the tax qualifications for voters, which widened the franchise from 1.0% of the population to 1.8%.
Unlike the previous rules which had favoured Conservatives and Catholics (as the requirements were lower in the countryside), this benefitted the Liberal Party and damaged the Catholics, who lost more than half their seats.

Liberal Party (Belgium)
The Liberal Party (Dutch: Liberale Partij, pronounced [libəˈraːlə pɑrˈtɛi]; French: Parti libéral, pronounced [paʁti libeʁal]) was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.
Anatoly Malykhin
Anatoly Sergeevich Malykhin (Russian: Анатолий Сергеевич Малыхин; born January 11, 1988) is a Russian mixed martial artist and wrestler. Malykhin is signed to ONE Championship where he is the current Light Heavyweight World Champion, Middleweight World Champion, and the former Heavyweight World Champion. He is the first fighter in history to win major MMA championships in three weight classes and the first to hold them simultaneously. A professional competitor since 2016, Malykhin has also competed for Fight Nights Global. As of March 17, 2024, he is ranked as the #14 light heavyweight in the world by Fight Matrix.

Malykhin is a Master of Sport in freestyle wrestling, and won a bronze medal at the 2013 Russian championship. He also won gold in submission grappling at the 2016 UWW European championships and is a 2017 WMMAA world champion in amateur mixed martial arts (MMA).

Reinier de Ridder
Reinier de Ridder (born September 7, 1990), also known by his initials RdR, is a Dutch professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He previously competed in ONE Championship, where he is a former ONE Middleweight World Champion and ONE Light Heavyweight World Champion. De Ridder was the third two-division champion in ONE history, having previously held the middleweight and light heavyweight belts simultaneously. As of October 21, 2025, he is #8 in the UFC middleweight rankings.
Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.
The Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.: The Fifteen Years Later Affair is a 1983 American made-for-television action-adventure film based on the 1964–1968 television series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. starring Robert Vaughn and David McCallum reprising the roles they had originated on that program. Several of the crew from the series also worked on the film, which was produced by Viacom rather than Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and/or Turner Entertainment. Leo G. Carroll had died in 1972, so Patrick Macnee was recruited to appear as an entirely different character, Sir John Raleigh, who had presumably taken over as Number 1 of Section I, the Director of U.N.C.L.E., after Alexander Waverly had died, and Carroll's photograph was displayed prominently in many scenes that featured Macnee's Sir John.

Illya Kuryakin
Illya Nickovitch Kuryakin (Russian: Илья Курякин) is a fictional character from the 1960s TV spy series, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. He is a secret agent with a range of weapons and explosives skills, and is described in the series as holding a master's degree from the Sorbonne and a Ph.D. in Quantum Mechanics from the University of Cambridge ("The Her Master's Voice Affair"). And attended the University of Georgia in Ukraine, where he studied gymnastics among other things ("Hot Number"). Kuryakin speaks many languages, including French, Spanish ("The Very Important Zombie Affair"), German, Arabic, Italian and Japanese ("The Cherry Blossom Affair"). The series was remarkable for pairing an American character, Napoleon Solo, with the Russian Kuryakin as two spies who work together for an international espionage organization at the height of the Cold War.