hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Siege of Itami (1579)
The second siege of Itami Castle (伊丹城の戦い), also called the siege of Arioka Castle (有岡城の戦い) during the Sengoku period of Japanese history, occurred in 1579, five years after it was seized by Oda Nobunaga in Siege of Itami (1574) from Itami clan, and entrusted the Castle to Araki Murashige.

Itami Castle
Itami Castle (伊丹城, Itami-jō) was a Muromachi period Japanese castle located in Kawabe District of northern Settsu Province (what is now the city of Itami, Hyōgo Prefecture), Japan. It is also called Arioka Castle (有岡城 or 在岡城, Arioka-jō).Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1979. The ruins of the castle are located just in front of today's Itami Station.
Haweswater Reservoir
Haweswater is a reservoir in the valley of Mardale, Cumbria in the Lake District, England. The man-made reservoir, which was created by damming the original natural lake, was completed by 1935. It raised the water level in the valley by 29 m (95 ft).

The valley was dammed by Manchester Corporation, after it had obtained permission from the UK Parliament through the passing of the Manchester Corporation Act 1919 (9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. cxix). The local act of Parliament was for the supply of drinking water to Manchester. However, the decision caused public outcry because the farming villages of Measand and Mardale Green would be lost when Mardale was flooded.

Construction work on the dam began in 1929. Haweswater was completely flooded by 1935. The reservoir is now owned and managed by United Utilities. It supplies about 25% of North West England's water supply.

Mardale
54°30′36″N 2°48′36″W﻿ / ﻿54.510°N 2.810°W﻿ / 54.510; -2.810

Mardale /mɑːrdeɪl/ is a glacial valley in the Lake District, in northern England. The valley used to have a hamlet at its head, called Mardale Green, but this village was submerged in the late 1930s when the water level of the valley's lake, Haweswater, was raised to form Haweswater Reservoir by Manchester Corporation.
Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 with the song "Brez besed", composed by Mojmir Sepe, with lyrics by Elza Budau, and performed by Berta Ambrož. The Yugoslav participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through Jugovizija 1966. This was the first-ever entry performed in Slovene in the Eurovision Song Contest.

Berta Ambrož
Berta Ambrož (29 October 1944 – 1 July 2003) was a Yugoslav Slovene singer. She is best known for representing Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1966 with the song "Brez besed" (Without Words).
49th Wing
The 49th Wing is a remotely piloted vehicle wing of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to Nineteenth Air Force, Air Education and Training Command. It is stationed at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico.
The wing has fought during the Korean War, Vietnam War, Operation Desert Storm and NATO-led Operation Allied Force over Kosovo.

The wing provides combat-ready Airmen training MQ-9 Reaper pilots and sensor operators. It deploys combat-ready and mission-support forces supporting Air Expeditionary Force operations, peacetime contingencies; provides host base support to over 4,600 personnel, including hosting the 54th Fighter Group's F-16 Fighting Falcon pilot training mission, the 96th Test Group's high-speed test track mission, and the German Air Force Flying Training Unit.

8th Fighter Squadron
The 8th Fighter Squadron is an active United States Air Force squadron, assigned to the 54th Fighter Group Air Education and Training Command, stationed at Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. 
It currently operates the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft, conducting initial training, transition and instructor upgrades training.
Only the Strong (Big Noyd album)
Only The Strong is the second solo studio album by American rapper Big Noyd. It was released on September 23, 2003, via Landspeed Records. The album was produced by the Alchemist, Havoc, Emile, DJ Sebb, Steve Sola, and Noyd Inc. It features guest appearances from Mobb Deep, Chinky, Infamous Mobb, PMD, and Shamika Rodriguez.

Big Noyd
TaJuan Akeem Perry (born August 15, 1975), better known by his stage name Big Noyd, is an American rapper. He is closely affiliated with Mobb Deep and is featured on all of their albums except Blood Money.
Von Neumann regular ring
In mathematics, a von Neumann regular ring is a ring R (associative, with 1, not necessarily commutative) such that for every element a in R there exists an x in R with a = axa. One may think of x as a "weak inverse" of the element a; in general x is not uniquely determined by a.  Von Neumann regular rings are also called absolutely flat rings, because these rings are characterized by the fact that every left R-module is flat.

Von Neumann regular rings were introduced by von Neumann (1936) under the name of "regular rings", in the course of his study of von Neumann algebras and continuous geometry.  Von Neumann regular rings should not be confused with the unrelated regular rings and regular local rings of commutative algebra.

An element a of a ring is called a von Neumann regular element if there exists an x such that a = axa.  An ideal  is called a (von Neumann) regular ideal if for every element a in  there exists an element x in  such that a = axa.

Idempotent (ring theory)
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, an idempotent element or simply idempotent of a ring is an element a such that a2 = a. That is, the element is idempotent under the ring's multiplication. Inductively then, one can also conclude that a = a2 = a3 = a4 = ... = an for any positive integer n. For example, an idempotent element of a matrix ring is precisely an idempotent matrix.

For general rings, elements idempotent under multiplication are involved in decompositions of modules, and connected to homological properties of the ring. In Boolean algebra, the main objects of study are rings in which all elements are idempotent under both addition and multiplication.
Kathleen Chesney
Kathleen Chesney (26 April 1899 – 12 April 1976) was a British scholar of medieval French literature. She was vice-principal of St Hilda's College, Oxford, from 1941 to 1951, and principal of Westfield College from 1951 until she retired in 1962. Westfield College was an all-women college of the University of London, and under her leadership it expanded with the re-introduction of teaching of science at the college. Having been elected a fellow of St Hilda's College in 1924, she continued her links with the University of Oxford as an honorary fellow from 1951 until her death.

Westfield College
Westfield College was a small college situated in Hampstead, London, from 1882 to 1989. It was the first college to aim to educate women for University of London degrees from its opening. The college originally admitted only women as students and became coeducational in 1964. In 1989, it merged with Queen Mary College. The merged institution was named Queen Mary and Westfield College until 2000, when the name was publicly changed to Queen Mary University of London.
Banking, Insurance and General Workers Union
The Banking, Insurance and General Workers Union (BIGWU) is a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago. It was formed out of a merger between the Bank and General Workers Union and the Bank Employees' Union. The two prior Unions were both formed in 1974.

As its name suggests, most of its members are employed in the finance sector but in particular at the First Citizens Bank, the Republic Bank, the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago and credit unions. It is the largest union in finance sector in Trinidad and Tobago.

Bank and General Workers Union
The Bank and General Workers Union (BGWU), formerly Bank Workers Trade Union (BWTU), a former trade union in Trinidad and Tobago, was formed on 17 April 1974 and represented workers in over 60 companies, including all the workers at the Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago. It merged with the Bank Employees' Union on 21 February 2003 to form the Banking, Insurance and General Workers Union.
Della (album)
Della is a studio album by American singer Della Reese accompanied by a big band led by Neal Hefti. Released in January 1960, the album was Reese's first for RCA Victor following her departure from Jubilee Records in 1959. The album, produced by Hugo & Luigi, was one of her most successful and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1961. All of the recordings were covers of standards including "Someday (You'll Want Me to Want You)", which made the US Hot 100 in 1960. It was Reese's first album to make the US albums chart and received mostly positive reviews. Reese came up with some of her own vocal arrangements, and these were expanded by Hefti, who added new twists of his own.

Neal Hefti
Neal Paul Hefti (October 29, 1922 – October 11, 2008) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger. He wrote music for The Odd Couple movie and TV series and for the Batman TV series.

He began arranging professionally in his teens, when he wrote charts (musical arrangements) for Nat Towles. He composed and arranged while working as a trumpeter for Woody Herman providing the bandleader with versions of "Woodchopper's Ball" and "Blowin' Up a Storm" and composing "The Good Earth" and "Wild Root". He left Herman's band in 1946. Now concentrating on writing music only, he began an association with Count Basie in 1950. Hefti occasionally led his own bands.
In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida
"In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" (derived from "In the Garden of Eden") is a song recorded by Iron Butterfly, written by band member Doug Ingle and released on their 1968 album of the same name.

At slightly over 17 minutes, it occupies the entire second side of the album. The middle of the song features a two-and-a-half-minute Ron Bushy drum solo.

A 2-minute-52-second 45-rpm version of "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" was Iron Butterfly's only song to reach the top 40, reaching number 30, while the album itself reached number four on the album chart and has sold over 30 million copies. An 8-minute-20-second edit of the song was included in the soundtrack to the 1986 film Manhunter. In 2009, it was named the 24th-greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. It is also often regarded as an influence on heavy metal music and one of the first recordings of the genre.

Ron Bushy
Ron Bushy (December 23, 1941 – August 29, 2021) was an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band Iron Butterfly and as the drum soloist on the band's iconic song "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", released in 1968 although performed in the band's earlier appearances. Bushy was the only member of the group to appear on all six of its studio albums.
Andy Greenberg
Andy Greenberg is a technology journalist serving as a senior writer at Wired magazine. He previously worked as a staff writer at Forbes magazine and as a contributor for Forbes.com. He has published the books This Machine Kills Secrets concerning whistleblowing, Sandworm, concerning the eponymous hacking group, and Tracers in the Dark, concerning cryptocurrency tracing as a law enforcement investigative technique.

This Machine Kills Secrets
This Machine Kills Secrets is a 2012 book by Andy Greenberg about "how WikiLeakers, cypherpunks, and hacktivists aim to free the world's information." The book looks at "a revolutionary protest movement bent not on stealing information, but on building a tool that inexorably coaxes it out, a technology that slips inside of institutions and levels their defenses like a Trojan horse of cryptographic software and silicon." The interview with Julian Assange which served as a launching point for the book was published by Forbes, and was read nearly a million times.

The book looks at the history of "politically motivated information leaks ... the lives and work of numerous cryptographers, hackers and whistleblowers", including WikiLeaks and the people involved. It talks about WikiLeaks being modeled on Nicolas Bourbaki, and how it could be infiltrated by informers, harassed or spied on.
Dead River (Androscoggin River tributary)
44°21′58″N 70°10′0″W﻿ / ﻿44.36611°N 70.16667°W﻿ / 44.36611; -70.16667

The  Dead River is a tributary of the Androscoggin River in western Maine in the United States. The river flows from Androscoggin Lake, northwest through the town of Leeds 7 miles (11 km) to the Androscoggin.

Androscoggin River
The Androscoggin River (Abenaki: Ammoscongon) is a river in the U.S. states of Maine and New Hampshire, in northern New England. It is 178 miles (286 km) long and joins the Kennebec River at Merrymeeting Bay in Maine before its water empties into the Gulf of Maine on the Atlantic Ocean. Its drainage basin is 3,530 square miles (9,100 km2) in area. The name "Androscoggin" comes from the Eastern Abenaki term Ammoscongon, which referred to the entire portion of the river north of the Great Falls in Lewiston, Maine. The Anglicization of the Abenaki term is likely an analogical contamination with the colonial governor Edmund Andros.
Grass River (Manitoba)
The Grass River is a historically important waterway in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in the Northern Region of Manitoba, Canada. It begins at the Cranberry Lakes approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Cranberry Portage and runs northeast 500 kilometres (310 mi) to its mouth on the Nelson River. The river was a critical route for earlier European explorers and was part of the "Upper Tract" of the fur trade into Canadian interior.

Nelson River
The Nelson River is a river of north-central North America, in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The river drains Lake Winnipeg and runs 644 kilometres (400 mi) before it ends in Hudson Bay near Port Nelson. Its full length (including the Saskatchewan River and Bow River) is 2,575 kilometres (1,600 mi), it has mean discharge of 2,370 cubic metres per second (84,000 cu ft/s), and has a drainage basin of 1,072,300 square kilometres (414,000 sq mi), of which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.
Tyron Woodley
Tyron Lakent Woodley (born April 7, 1982) is an American professional mixed martial artist and professional boxer. He is a former UFC Welterweight Champion who defended his title four times. A professional since 2009, Woodley also competed at Strikeforce and was an NCAA Division I collegiate wrestler for the Missouri Tigers, becoming a two-time All-American and Big 12 Conference champion.

Stephen Thompson (fighter)
Stephen Randall Thompson (born February 11, 1983) is an American professional mixed martial artist and former professional kickboxer. Thompson currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As a full-contact kickboxer, Thompson was undefeated through 37 amateur and 20 professional matches. Thompson is regarded as one of the most accomplished strikers in the UFC.

Thompson is well known for his polite demeanor, and is often cited by other fighters as one of the most respectful fighters in the UFC.
Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter was a technology that used the motion of ocean surface waves to create electricity. The machine was made up of connected sections which flex and bend as waves pass; it is this motion which is used to generate electricity.

Developed by the now defunct Scottish company Pelamis Wave Power (formerly Ocean Power Delivery), the Pelamis became the first offshore wave machine to generate electricity into the grid, when it was first connected to the UK grid in 2004. Pelamis Wave Power then went on to build and test five additional Pelamis machines: three first-generation P1 machines, which were tested in a farm off the coast of Portugal in 2009, and two second-generation machines, the Pelamis P2, were tested off Orkney between 2010 and 2014.

The company went into administration in November 2014, with the intellectual property transferred to the Scottish Government body Wave Energy Scotland.

Aguçadoura Wave Farm
The Aguçadoura Wave Farm was a wave farm located 5 km (3 mi) offshore near Póvoa de Varzim north of Porto in Portugal. The farm was designed to use three Pelamis Wave Energy Converters to convert the motion of the ocean surface waves into electricity, totalling to 2.25 MW in total installed capacity.

The farm was officially opened on 23 September 2008, by the Portuguese Minister of Economy. The wave farm was shut down two months after the official opening in November 2008. It was reported to have cost €9m, but for these early projects the true costs are not always known.

The Pelamis devices were deployed at the Aguçadoura test site, which has previously and subsequently seen other wave energy and floating wind turbines tested there.
Du Yuming
Du Yuming (Chinese: 杜聿明; pinyin: Dù Yùmíng; Wade–Giles: Tu Yü-ming; 28 November 1904 – 7 May 1981) was a Kuomintang field commander. He was a graduate of the first class of Whampoa Academy, took part in Chiang's Northern Expedition, and was active in southern China and in the Burma theatre of the Sino-Japanese War. After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, he was an important commander in the Chinese Civil War.

From 1945 to 1947 Du commanded Nationalist forces in Northeast China and won several important battles against Communist forces there, including defeating the Communist general Lin Biao twice at Siping. Despite his successes, Chiang relieved him from command in 1947, after which Communist forces quickly took control of the region.

Du was captured later in the civil war and spent a decade as a prisoner of war. He was released in 1959, and given a position in the Communist government.

Yang Chen-Ning, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957, was his son-in-law.

Yang Chen-Ning
Yang Chen-Ning (simplified Chinese: 杨振宁; traditional Chinese: 楊振寧; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng; October 1, 1922 – October 18, 2025) also known as C.N. Yang and Franklin Yang, was a Chinese-American theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, particle physics and condensed matter physics.

Yang is known for his collaboration with Robert Mills in 1954 in developing non-abelian gauge theory, widely known as the Yang–Mills theory, which describes the nuclear forces in the Standard Model of particle physics.

Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity non-conservation of the weak interaction, which was confirmed by the Wu experiment in 1956. The two proposed that the conservation of parity, a physical law observed to hold in all other physical processes, is violated in weak nuclear reactions – those nuclear processes that result in the emission of beta or alpha particles.
Penny Arcade (song)
"Penny Arcade" is a song written by Boudleaux Bryant & Felice Bryant that was originally recorded by Cristy Lane. It was released as a single in 1978 via LS Records and became a top ten country hit. It was also released on the studio album titled Cristy Lane Is the Name.

Cristy Lane Is the Name
Cristy Lane Is the Name is a studio album by American country and Christian singer Cristy Lane. The album was released in February 1978 via LS Records and contained a total of 12 tracks. It was the second album issued in Lane's recording career and the first of many to be released on the LS label. The album featured seven singles releases, four of which became major hits on the North American country music charts between 1977 and 1978: "Let Me Down Easy", "Shake Me I Rattle", "I'm Gonna Love You Anyway" and "Penny Arcade". The album received positive reviews following its release.
Luis Raymund Villafuerte
Luis Raymund "L-Ray" Favis Villafuerte Jr. (born June 3, 1968) is a Filipino politician who is the governor of Camarines Sur since 2025; he also served in the same position from 2004 to 2013. He previously served as the Representative of Camarines Sur's 2nd district from 2016 to 2025. He was a House Deputy Speaker from 2019 until October 14, 2020.

He belongs to a family of politicians. His father is former governor Luis Villafuerte Sr., while two of his sons also served as governors of Camarines Sur: Miguel Luis Villafuerte and Luigi Villafuerte. He was born with a mixture of Bicolano and Ilocano roots, as his father Luis Villafuerte Sr., is a Bicolano, while his mother, Nelly Favis-Villafuerte, a lawyer, columnist, and a former official of Department and Trade Industry and a member of the Monetary Board of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, came from the Favis family of Vigan, Ilocos Sur.

Luis Villafuerte
Luis Robredo Villafuerte Sr. (August 29, 1935 – September 8, 2021), often referred to by his initials LRV, was a Filipino politician who served as Governor of Camarines Sur for 15 years and as a member of the House of Representatives from 2004 to 2013. He represented Camarines Sur's 2nd district from 2004 to 2010, and the 3rd district from 2010 to 2013.
Drea de Matteo
Andrea Donna de Matteo (born January 19, 1972) is an American actress who is best known for her role as Adriana La Cerva on the television drama The Sopranos (1999–2006), for which she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2004. Other notable roles include Gina Tribbiani on Joey (2004–2006), Wendy Case on Sons of Anarchy (2008–2014), Angie Bolen on Desperate Housewives (2009–2010), and Detective Tess Nazario on Shades of Blue (2016–2018).

Shades of Blue (TV series)
Shades of Blue is an American crime drama television series created by Adi Hasak for NBC. The series premiered on January 7, 2016. It is set in New York City and stars Jennifer Lopez as Harlee Santos, a single-mother NYPD Detective who is forced to work for the FBI's Anti-Corruption Task Force, while dealing with her own financial and family problems.

The series is loosely based on the novel Shades of Blue: 30 Years of (Un)ethical Policing by Michael Rudolph.

In March 2017, the series was renewed for a third season. NBC later announced in April 2018 that this would be the final season, and that it would consist of 10 episodes. The third and final season premiered on June 17, 2018, and the series finale aired on August 19, 2018.
Billy Bat
Billy Bat (stylized in all caps) is a Japanese manga series written by Naoki Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki and illustrated by Urasawa. It was serialized in the weekly magazine Morning from October 2008 to August 2016, with its chapters collected into 20 tankōbon volumes by Kodansha. The story follows the comic book artist Kevin Yamagata as he draws the popular detective series "Billy Bat". When he learns he may have unconsciously copied the character from an image he saw while serving in occupied Japan, he returns to Japan to get permission to use it from its original creator. Upon arriving there, however, he becomes embroiled in a web of murder, cover-ups, and prophecy that all leads back to Billy Bat.

Billy Bat won the 2012 Lucca Comics Award for Best Series and the 2014 Max & Moritz Prize for Best International Comic.

Max und Moritz Award
The Max und Moritz Award  (German:Max und Moritz-Preis), also known as the Max & Moritz Prize , is a prize for comic books, comic strips, and other similar materials. It  has been awarded at each of the biennial International Comics Shows of Erlangen since 1984, and is  awarded in several categories, including an audience award and lifetime achievement award. It is open to all material published in Germany.