hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Group ring
In algebra, a group ring is a free module and at the same time a ring, constructed in a natural way from any given ring and any given group. As a free module, its ring of scalars is the given ring, and its basis is the set of elements of the given group. As a ring, its addition law is that of the free module and its multiplication extends "by linearity" the given group law on the basis. Less formally, a group ring is a generalization of a given group, by attaching to each element of the group a "weighting factor" from a given ring.

If the ring is commutative then the group ring is also referred to as a group algebra, for it is indeed an algebra over the given ring. A group algebra over a field has a further structure of a Hopf algebra; in this case, it is thus called a group Hopf algebra.

The apparatus of group rings is especially useful in the theory of group representations.

Kaplansky's conjectures
The mathematician Irving Kaplansky is notable for proposing numerous conjectures in several branches of mathematics, including a list of ten conjectures on Hopf algebras. They are usually known as Kaplansky's conjectures.
Singhania family
The Singhania family is a prominent Indian business family, that started out in the Indian city of Kanpur. The family expanded into three major branches and is currently based out of Kanpur, Mumbai and Delhi. JK Organisation founded by Lala Kamlapat Singhania is one of the largest conglomerates in India today, with multiple million and billion dollar companies under its belt. The family owns majority stakes in several publicly listed companies such as JK Tyre, JK Cement, JK Lakshmi Cement, JK Paper, Jaykay Enterprises, JK Agri Genetics (JK Seeds) and JK Dairy (Umang Dairies). Some privately held companies in the family are Raymond Group, J.K. Ansell, JK Tech, JK Fenner, JK Insurance brokers and Global Strategic Technologies.

Lala Kamlapat Singhania
Lala Kamlapat Singhania (7 November 1884 – 31 May 1937) was an Indian industrialist, who founded the J. K. Organisation, one of India's largest conglomerate companies. He was born to a Marwari Bania family in Kanpur, then part of the North-Western Provinces in British Raj.
He was the founder of several companies which came under the umbrella of JK Organization. The first major business set up by him was a cotton mill with the name of Juggilal Kamlapat Cotton Spinning & Weaving Mills in 1921 which laid the foundation for JK Organisation.
Midwood, Brooklyn
Midwood is a neighborhood in the south-central part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded on the north by the Bay Ridge Branch tracks just above Avenue I and by the Brooklyn College campus of the City University of New York, and on the south by Avenue P and Kings Highway. The eastern border consists of parts of Nostrand Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and Coney Island Avenue; parts of McDonald Avenue and Ocean Parkway mark the western boundary.

Midwood is part of Brooklyn Community District 14, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11210 and 11230. It is patrolled by the 70th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, Midwood is represented by the New York City Council's 44th, 45th, and 48th districts.

Kings Highway (Brooklyn)
Kings Highway is a broad avenue that curves about the southern part of the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City.  Its west end is at Bay Parkway and 78th Street. East of Ocean Avenue, the street is largely residential. It tracks eastward, then northeast, then north through Brooklyn and reaches East 98th Street in central Brooklyn. At that point, it flows into Howard Avenue to provide seamless access to Eastern Parkway, another major road in Brooklyn with side medians and service roads.

A Business Improvement District has been established along part of the road to support stores, restaurants and businesses in that area.
Streptocarpus inconspicuus
Streptocarpus inconspicuus, synonym Saintpaulia inconspicua, is a species of Streptocarpus in the section Saintpaulia. It is a rare African violet, found in the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania, East Africa. It was first formally described (in the genus Saintpaulia) in 1958. It is classed as an endangered species by the IUCN Red List.

Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia
Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia is a section within Streptocarpus subgenus Streptocarpella consisting of about ten species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, native to Tanzania and adjacent southeastern Kenya in eastern tropical Africa. The section was previously treated as a separate genus, Saintpaulia, but molecular phylogenetic studies showed that it was nested within the genus Streptocarpus.

Species and cultivars are commonly called African violets (although they are not closely related to true violets) or saintpaulias. They are commonly sold as house plants.

Several of the species and subspecies of the section are endangered, and many more are threatened, as their native cloud forest habitats are cleared for agriculture. The conservation status of Streptocarpus ionanthus has been classed as near-threatened.
Q17 (New York City bus)
The Q17 bus route constitutes a public transit line in Queens, New York City, running primarily along Kissena Boulevard, the Long Island Expressway service road (Horace Harding Expressway) and 188th Street between two major bus-subway hubs in the neighborhoods of Jamaica and Flushing. It is one of the busiest local bus routes in Queens. Operated by the North Shore Bus Company until 1947, the route is now operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the New York City Transit brand.

Q25 (New York City bus)
The Q25 bus route constitutes a public transit line in Queens, New York City. The south-to-north route runs primarily on Parsons Boulevard and Kissena Boulevard, serving two major bus-subway hubs: Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–Jamaica and Flushing–Main Street. It terminates in College Point in northern Queens.

The Q25 was originally operated by Queens-Nassau Transit Lines, Queens Transit Corporation, and Queens Surface Corporation from the 1930s to 2005; it is now operated by MTA Regional Bus Operations under the MTA Bus Company brand. Until 2025, the Q34 bus paralleled the Q25 south of Linden Place; the Q25 and Q34 were numbered as a single route in 1937 and were split into separate routes in the 1990s. Q25 limited-stop service was introduced in 2007. The Q25 Limited and Q34 were discontinued as part of the Queens bus network redesign in 2025.
Goodyear, Arizona
Goodyear is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The population was 95,294 at the 2020 census, and was estimated to be 118,186 in 2024.

The city is home to the Goodyear Ballpark, where the Cleveland Guardians and Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball hold spring training.

In 2008, Goodyear won the All-America City Award, sponsored by the National Civic League. The city is named after the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. The company cultivated extensive farmland here to grow cotton for use in its tires.

Estrella, Goodyear
Estrella is a 20,000-acre (8,100 ha) master-planned community in Goodyear, Maricopa County, Arizona, United States.

Estrella is located in the foothills of the Sierra Estrella Mountains, in the Sonoran Desert.

In 2023, there were approximately 7,600 homes in Estrella, and a population of about 21,000.
Lord Corporation
LORD Corporation is a diversified technology and manufacturing company that develops adhesives, coatings, motion management devices, and sensing technologies for industries such as aerospace, automotive, oil and gas, and industrial. With world headquarters in Cary, North Carolina, LORD has approximately 3,100 employees in 26 countries and operates 19 manufacturing facilities and 10 R&D centers worldwide. As of October 30, 2019, the company has been acquired by Parker Hannifin.

Parker Hannifin
Parker-Hannifin Corporation, originally Parker Appliance Company, usually referred to as just Parker, is an American corporation specializing in motion and control technologies. Its corporate headquarters are in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, in Greater Cleveland (with a Cleveland mailing address).

The company was founded in 1917 and has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since December 9, 1964. The firm is one of the largest companies in the world in motion control technologies, including aerospace, climate control, electromechanical, filtration, fluid and gas handling, hydraulics, pneumatics, process control, and sealing and shielding. Parker employs about 61,000 people globally.

In 2024, the company was ranked 216 in the Fortune 500.
Beethoven's 2nd (film)
Beethoven's 2nd is a 1993 American family comedy film. Directed by Rod Daniel and written by Len Blum, it is the sequel to the 1992 film Beethoven, second installment in the Beethoven film series and the last to be released theatrically. Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt, Nicholle Tom, Christopher Castile and Sarah Rose Karr reprised their roles with Debi Mazar and Chris Penn joining the cast. Initially, no sequel was planned, but it was produced after the unexpected financial success of the previous film.

Beethoven (franchise)
Beethoven is a series of eight American films, created by John Hughes (credited as Edmond Dantès) and Amy Holden Jones, in which the plot revolves around a family attempting to control the antics of their pet Saint Bernard (named Beethoven). The first two films were theatrical releases and all subsequent releases have been direct to video. The original Beethoven was released in theaters in April 1992. Its opening grossed $7,587,565 and was the year's 26th largest grossing film in the U.S. at $57,114,049.
Mary Baker Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy (née Baker; July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author, who in 1879 founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, the Mother Church of the Christian Science movement. She also founded The Christian Science Monitor in 1908, and three religious magazines: the Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, and The Herald of Christian Science.

Eddy wrote numerous books and articles, most notably the 1875 book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, selected as one of the "75 Books by Women Whose Words Have Changed the World" by the Women's National Book Association. She was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1995. Other works Eddy authored include Manual of The Mother Church, and a collection of varied writings that were consolidated posthumously into a book called Prose Works.

The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition. It was founded in 1908 as a daily newspaper by Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the new religious movement Christian Science, Church of Christ, Scientist.

Since its founding, the newspaper has been based in Boston. Over its existence, seven Monitor journalists have been awarded the Pulitzer Prize, including Edmund Stevens  (1950), John Hughes (1968), Howard James (1968), Robert Cahn (1969), Richard Strout (1978), David S. Rohde (1996), and Clay Bennett (2002).
The Archie Show
The Archie Show (also known as The Archies) is an American musical animated sitcom television series produced by Filmation for CBS. Based on the Archie Comics, created by Bob Montana in 1941, The Archie Show aired Saturday mornings on CBS from September 1968 to 1969. The show featured the main characters in the Archie series, including Archie Andrews, Jughead Jones, Reggie Mantle, Betty Cooper and Veronica Lodge.

In 1969, the show was expanded to an hour and retitled The Archie Comedy Hour, which included a half-hour featuring Sabrina the Teenage Witch. In 1970, the show became Archie's Funhouse, and featured live-action segments. After three seasons, The Archie Show stopped airing on CBS in 1971.

Filmation continued to produce further Archie television series until 1978, including Archie's TV Funnies (1971–1973), The U.S. of Archie (1974–1976) and The New Archie and Sabrina Hour (1977–1978).

Archie Andrews
Archibald "Archie" Andrews, created in 1941 by publisher John L. Goldwater and artist Bob Montana in collaboration with writer Vic Bloom, is the main character in the Archie Comics franchise, including the long-running Archie Andrews radio series, a syndicated comic strip, The Archie Show, Archie's Weird Mysteries, and Riverdale. With the creation of Archie Andrews, publisher John Goldwater hoped to appeal to fans of the Andy Hardy films starring Mickey Rooney. Archie Andrews is the rhythm guitarist and one of the three singers of the fictional band The Archies. He is portrayed by KJ Apa on Riverdale and Agastya Nanda in The Archies. For his physical appearance, he has red hair, freckles on his cheeks, and light-colored skin. In Archie's Weird Mysteries, he appears to be of Scottish-American descent, as shown in the episode "The Day the Earth Moved", when his father wanted to keep with their family tradition and wear a kilt while ringing the bell of Riverdale.
Graveyard poets
The "Graveyard Poets", also termed "Churchyard Poets", were a number of pre-Romantic poets of the 18th century characterised by their gloomy meditations on mortality, "skulls and coffins, epitaphs and worms" elicited by the presence of the graveyard. Moving beyond the elegy lamenting a single death, their purpose was rarely sensationalist. As the century progressed, "graveyard" poetry increasingly expressed a feeling for the "sublime" and uncanny, and an antiquarian interest in ancient English poetic forms and folk poetry. The "graveyard poets" are often recognized as precursors of the Gothic literary genre, as well as the Romantic movement.

Thomas Gray
Thomas Gray (26 December 1716 – 30 July 1771) was an English poet, letter-writer, and classical scholar at Cambridge University, being a fellow first of Peterhouse then of Pembroke College. He is widely known for his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, published in 1751. Gray was a self-critical writer who published only 13 poems in his lifetime, despite being very popular. He was even offered the position of Poet Laureate in 1757 after the death of Colley Cibber, though he declined.
Robert Preston (actor)
Robert Preston Meservey (June 8, 1918 – March 21, 1987) was an American stage and screen actor best-known for his role as Professor Harold Hill in the 1957 musical The Music Man, for which he received the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He reprised the role in the 1962 film adaptation, and received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy nomination.

Preston made his Broadway debut in The Male Animal in 1952. He won two Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical for The Music Man (1957) and I Do! I Do! (1967) and was Tony-nominated for Mack and Mabel (1975). He co-starred alongside Steve McQueen in the Sam Peckinpah film Junior Bonner (1972). Preston collaborated twice with director Blake Edwards, first in S.O.B. (1981) and again in Victor/Victoria (1982), the latter earning him a nomination for the  Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Junior Bonner
Junior Bonner is a 1972 American contemporary Western film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring Steve McQueen, Robert Preston, Joe Don Baker, and Ida Lupino. The film focuses on a veteran rodeo rider as he returns to his hometown of Prescott, Arizona, to participate in an annual rodeo competition and reunite with his brother and estranged parents. Many critics consider it to be the warmest and most gentle of Peckinpah's films.
Thudarum
Thudarum (transl. To be continued) is a 2025 Indian Malayalam-language action thriller film directed by Tharun Moorthy, who wrote the screenplay with K. R. Sunil. The film was produced by M. Renjith through Rejaputhra Visual Media. It stars Mohanlal and Shobana, alongside Prakash Varma, Binu Pappu, Farhaan Faasil, Thomas Mathew, Amritha Varshini, Maniyanpilla Raju, Irshad Ali, Aarsha Chandini Baiju, Sangeeth Prathap and Krishna Prabha in supporting roles.

Thudarum was released theatrically on 25 April 2025 to critical acclaim with praise for its performances (particularly of Mohanlal and Prakash Varma), direction, cinematography, editing, music, script, plot and screenplay and emerged as a major blockbuster. It is currently the third highest-grossing Malayalam film of 2025 and one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films.

Aarsha Chandini Baiju
Aarsha Chandini Baiju (born 8 November 2000) is an Indian actress working in the Malayalam film industry. After making her acting debut with the film Pathinettam Padi (2019), she has since starred in the Karikku Fliq miniseries Average Ambili (2021), Mukundan Unni Associates (2022) and House Mates (2025) as the female lead.
Pakyong district
Pakyong district is a district in the Indian state of Sikkim, administered from Pakyong. The district was formed in 2021 from three former subdivisions of the East Sikkim district, viz., Pakyong Subdivision, Rangpo Subdivision and Rongli Subdivision.  The remaining Gangtok Subdivision of the former district was named as the Gangtok district, which now bounds the Pakyong district in the northwest. In addition, the district is now bounded by the Kalimpong district of West Bengal, Bhutan, China and the Namchi district of Sikkim.

Rangpo
Rangpo is a Municipal town in India shared by Pakyong district of the state Sikkim and Kalimpong district of the state West Bengal. The town is situated along the Teesta River and Rangpo River. It is the first town of Sikkim lying on National Highway 10 that links Siliguri to Gangtok. It is about 300 m above sea level with a sub-tropical climate. It is the 'Gateway to Sikkim' and all vehicles entering Sikkim have to stop at the Rangpo Police check-post. Foreign tourists are required to present documents to enter Sikkim state and must show them at the police checkpoint. The Rangpo River separates the Rangpo Forest Village lying on the West Bengal side from the Rangpo Municipal Town lying on the Sikkim side.
Glasgow Anniesland (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow Anniesland (Gaelic: Glaschu Fearann Anna) is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament, being one of eight constituencies covering the Glasgow City council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole.

In the first election to the Scottish Parliament the seat was won for Labour by Donald Dewar who subsequently became the first First Minister of Scotland. Since the 2011 Scottish Parliament election the MSP has been Bill Kidd of the Scottish National Party.

Glasgow Southside
Glasgow Southside is a burgh constituency of the Scottish Parliament, being one of eight constituencies within the Glasgow City council area. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by the plurality (first past the post) method of election. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it is also one of eight constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region, which elects seven additional members, in addition to the eight constituency MSPs, to produce a form of proportional representation for the region as a whole. The seat is currently held by Nicola Sturgeon who was First Minister of Scotland from 2014 to 2023, who has held it for the Scottish National Party since the seat was created for 2011 Scottish Parliament election.
Pearl Aday
Pearl Aday (born April 15, 1975) is an American singer. She is the adopted daughter of vocalist Marvin Lee Aday, better known as Meat Loaf, and was a member of his touring band Neverland Express for nine years starting in the mid-1990s. She has appeared on numerous albums and in various tours and television performances with her father, both as backing singer and in duets. She has also been a backing singer for Mötley Crüe. She is currently the lead singer of her own band "Pearl" and has released her debut album on Megaforce/RED/Sony Music on January 19, 2010. Aday also co-organized the hard rock group Motor Sister with her husband Scott Ian, singing backing vocals.

Scott Ian
Scott Ian (born Scott Ian Rosenfeld, December 31, 1963) is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist, lyricist and co-founder of the thrash metal band Anthrax, of which he is the sole continuous member. Ian is also the guitarist, lyricist, and a founding member of the crossover thrash band Stormtroopers of Death, and is the rhythm guitarist for the metal bands the Damned Things and Mr. Bungle. He has hosted The Rock Show on VH1 and has appeared on VH1's I Love the... series, Heavy: The Story of Metal, and SuperGroup.
South Shropshire (UK Parliament constituency)
South Shropshire is a county constituency in Shropshire. It was first created in 1832 and was represented by two Knights of the Shire.

The constituency was abolished, along with North Shropshire, under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, with effect from the 1885 general election. The county was then split into four single-member constituencies: Ludlow, Newport, Oswestry and Wellington.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was re-established for the 2024 general election, formed from the current constituency of Ludlow with only minor boundary changes. It has been represented since 2024 by Stuart Anderson of the Conservative Party.

North Shropshire (UK Parliament constituency)
North Shropshire is a constituency in the county of Shropshire, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by Helen Morgan of the Liberal Democrats after a by-election on 16 December 2021, and retained by her with an increased majority in the 2024 general election. The former MP, Owen Paterson of the Conservatives, resigned his seat on 5 November 2021 when faced with suspension from the Commons for a breach of advocacy rules and the consequent possibility of a recall petition. The seat had previously been a safe seat for the Conservatives.
Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet
Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet (1658 – March 1737), of Wrae, Linlithgow, and Balcaskie, Fife, was a Scottish politician who sat in the Parliament of Scotland between 1681 and 1707 and in the British House of Commons from 1709 to 1710.

Balcaskie
Balcaskie is a 17th-century country house in Fife, Scotland. It lies around 2 km north of St Monans, and is notable chiefly as the home and early work of architect Sir William Bruce.

Robert Lorimer, an admirer of Bruce, called the house "the ideal of what a Scottish gentleman's home ought to be". Balcaskie remains the seat of the Chief of the Name and Arms of Anstruther, Tobias Alexander Anstruther of that Ilk.
Reading North
Reading North was a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The constituency covered an area in and around the town of Reading in the county of Berkshire.

Reading East
Reading East was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. In the 2019–2024 Parliament, it was one of two Labour seats from a total of eight seats in Berkshire.

Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat was abolished. The area was transferred to the new constituencies of Earley and Woodley (Bulmershe and Whitegates, Church, Loddon and South Lake wards) and Reading Central (all other wards). These constituencies were first contested at the 2024 general election.