hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Syntactic monoid
In mathematics and computer science, the syntactic monoid  of a formal language  is the minimal monoid that recognizes the language . By the Myhill–Nerode theorem, the syntactic monoid is unique up to unique isomorphism.

Recognizable set
In computer science, more precisely in automata theory, a recognizable set of a monoid is a subset that can be distinguished by some homomorphism to a finite monoid. Recognizable sets are useful in automata theory, formal languages and algebra.

This notion is different from the notion of recognizable language. Indeed, the term "recognizable" has a different meaning in computability theory.
1914 French Grand Prix
The 1914 French Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Lyon on 4 July 1914. Hailed as one of the greatest races of the twentieth century, it was a contest between the French Peugeots and the German Mercedes. For the first time, the Grand Prix was run to an engine limitation – of 4.5L maximum capacity. It was won by the Mercedes of Christian Lautenschlager who won at an average speed of 105.7 km/h (65.7 mph) after a tense seven-hour contest with the Peugeot of Georges Boillot.

Georges Boillot
Georges Louis Frédéric Boillot (French pronunciation: [ʒɔʁʒ(ə) bwalo]; 3 August 1884 – 19 May 1916) was a French racing driver and World War I fighter pilot. He died aged 31 after his plane was shot down near Bar-le-Duc by German fighters; he was deemed Mort pour la France.
Ottawa Islands
The Ottawa Islands (Inuit: Arviliit or Arqvilliit in Inuktitut meaning "place where you see bowhead whales") are a group of currently uninhabited islands situated in the eastern edge of Canada's Hudson Bay. The group comprises 24 small islands, located at approximately 60°N 80°W. The main islands include Booth Island, Bronson Island, Eddy Island, Gilmour Island, J. Gordon Island, Pattee Island, and Perley Island. The highest point is on Gilmour Island, which rises to over 1,800 ft (550 m). Located a short distance off the northwest coast of Quebec's Ungava Peninsula, they, like the other coastal islands in Hudson Bay, were historically part of the Northwest Territories, and became Crown Land upon the creation of Nunavut in 1999. Nunavik Inuit have occupied these islands since time immemorial and gained constitutionally-protected harvest and access rights under the Nunavik Inuit Land Claim Agreement signed in 2007.

J. Gordon Island
J. Gordon Island is an uninhabited island in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is one of 24 islands that make up the Ottawa Islands, situated in the eastern portion of Hudson Bay.

Other islands in the vicinity include Booth Island, Bronson Island, Eddy Island, Gilmour Island, Pattee Island, and Perley Island.
72andSunny
72andSunny is a global creative advertising agency, founded in 2004 by John Boiler, Glenn Cole, Robert Nakata and Greg Perlot, and currently chaired by Boiler, Cole and former CEO Matt Jarvis. with offices in Los Angeles, Amsterdam, New York City, and Sydney. The agency is known for brand transformations and culturally-led marketing campaigns that "combine entertainment and advertising." 72andSunny won "Agency of the Year" in 2012 by Advertising Age and 2013 by Adweek. It is a subsidiary of Stagwell, formerly MDC Partners.

Stagwell
Stagwell Inc., formerly The Stagwell Group, is a global marketing and communications group founded in 2015 by Mark Penn. In 2020, The Stagwell Group announced plans to merge with its affiliate MDC Partners. The merger was completed in August 2021.

Known partners include 72 and Sunny, Anomaly, Doner, Forsman & Bodenfors, Code and Theory, YML, Instrument, Locaria, Assembly, ForwardPMX, Gale, Allison+Partners, SKDK (SKDKnickerbocker), HUNTER, Harris Poll, and NRG.
Scared of the Dark
"Scared of the Dark" is a song recorded by British group Steps for their fifth studio album, Tears on the Dancefloor (2017). On 6 March 2017, the group announced their twentieth anniversary celebrations in the form of a new single, album and accompanying tour. "Scared of the Dark" premiered on The Ken Bruce Show on BBC Radio 2 on 9 March, and was released as the lead single from the album the following day. It is a disco song written by Carl Ryden and Fiona Bevan and performed mostly by band members Claire Richards and Faye Tozer. It garnered rave reviews from music critics, many of whom praised Steps for deliberately not conforming to current musical trends and for sticking to their original sound but with a modern feel. Within twelve hours of release, it reached number one on the iTunes Store in the United Kingdom, and debuted at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart.

Claire Richards
Claire Hill  (née Richards, born 17 August 1977) is an English singer and member of the pop group Steps. As a solo artist, Richards has released two studio albums: her debut, My Wildest Dreams, was released in 2019 and Euphoria, a covers album, was released in 2023.

Richards was a contestant on the second series of Popstar to Operastar before being voted off in the semi-finals. On 3 January 2013, Richards entered Celebrity Big Brother and came in fourth place. From April to June 2014, she was a regular panellist on Loose Women. Richards took part in the fourth series of The Masked Singer UK and was unmasked as “Knitting”.
Bartolomeo Ramenghi
Bartolomeo Ramenghi (1484–1542), also called Bagnacavallo, il Bagnacavallo or il Baruffaldi, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active in Emilia-Romagna.

He received the nickname, Bagnacavallo, from the village Bagnacavallo where he was born. He studied first under Francesco Francia and Lorenzo Costa. He then proceeded to Rome, where he became a pupil of Raphael. While studying under him he worked along with many others at the decoration of the gallery in the Vatican, though it is not known which portions are his work.

He became a prominent local artist on his return to Bologna. His works were later highly esteemed by Guido Reni and the Carracci. Among his works made in Bologna were a Dispute of St Augustine and a Madonna and Child.

He died in Bologna. One of his pupils was Cesare Aretusi and another was his own son Giovanni Battista Ramenghi.

Giovanni Battista Ramenghi
Giovanni Battista Ramenghi (1521, Bologna - 1601, Bologna) was an Italian painter. He is sometimes known as Bagnacavallo junior or Bagnacavallo the Younger to distinguish him from his father Bartolomeo Ramenghi (known as Bagnacavallo).
Hermione Baddeley
Hermione Youlanda Ruby Clinton-Baddeley (13 November 1906 – 19 August 1986) was an English actress of theatre, film, and television. She typically played brash, vulgar characters, often referred to as "brassy" or "blowsy". She found her milieu in revue, in which she played from the 1930s to the 1950s, co-starring several times with English actress Hermione Gingold.

Baddeley was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and BAFTA Award for Best British Actress for her performance in Room at the Top (1959) and a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play for The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore in 1963. She portrayed Mrs. Cratchit in the 1951 film Scrooge and Ellen the Maid in the 1964 Disney film Mary Poppins. She voiced Madame Adelaide Bonfamille in the 1970 Disney animated film, The Aristocats. In 1975, she won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series for her portrayal of Nell Naugatuck on the TV series Maude.

The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore
The Milk Train Doesn't Stop Here Anymore (1963) is a play in a prologue and six scenes, written by Tennessee Williams. He told John Gruen in 1965 that it was "the play that I worked on longest," and he premiered a version of it at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto, Italy, in July 1962.
Tarami, Nagasaki
Tarami (多良見町, Tarami-chō) was a town located in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 16,995 and a density of 448.65 persons per km2. The total area was 37.88 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Tarami, along with the towns of Iimori, Konagai, Moriyama and Takaki (all from Kitatakaki District), was merged into the expanded city of Isahaya.

Moriyama, Nagasaki
Moriyama (森山町, Moriyama-chō) was a town located in Kitatakaki District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,154 and a density of 264.57 persons per km2. The total area was 23.26 km2.

On March 1, 2005, Moriyama, along with the town of Tarami (from Nishisonogi District), and the towns of Iimori, Konagai and Takaki (all from Kitatakaki District), was merged into the expanded city of Isahaya.
Terence Trent D'Arby
Sananda Francesco Maitreya (born Terence Trent Howard; March 15, 1962), who started his career with the stage name Terence Trent D'Arby, is an American singer and songwriter who came to fame with his debut studio album, Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby (1987). The album includes the singles "If You Let Me Stay", "Sign Your Name", "Dance Little Sister", and "Wishing Well". Maitreya is a multi-instrumentalist and noted for his soulful voice and flamboyant, charismatic and androgynous persona.

Wishing Well (Terence Trent D'Arby song)
"Wishing Well" is a song by American singer-songwriter Terence Trent D'Arby. Written by D'Arby and Sean Oliver, D'Arby said "Wishing Well" was written "when I was in a half-asleep, half-awake state of mind", and that he "liked the feel of the words". Martyn Ware of Heaven 17 produced the song along with D'Arby. Released through Columbia Records as the second single from D'Arby's debut album, Introducing the Hardline According to Terence Trent D'Arby, the song went into heavy rotation on MTV and eventually topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as the Canadian and Dutch charts.

D'Arby performed the song live at the 30th Annual Grammy Awards, where he lost the Grammy Award for Best New Artist to Jody Watley. When the single reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, it had charted for 17 weeks, the longest progress to number one in the US charts since Eurythmics' "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)" in 1983.
Saint-Louis-en-l'Île
Saint-Louis en l'Île (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ lwi ɑ̃ l‿il] meaning "Saint Louis on the Island") is a Roman Catholic parish church located at 19 Rue Saint-Louis en l'Île on Île Saint-Louis in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was constructed between 1664 and 1725, and is dedicated to King Louis IX of France, or Saint Louis.  The church was originally built in the French Baroque style of the 17th century, but much of the interior decoration was taken or destroyed in the French Revolution. The church was extensively restored and redecorated in the 19th century.

Île Saint-Louis
48°51′06″N 2°21′23″E﻿ / ﻿48.85167°N 2.35639°E﻿ / 48.85167; 2.35639

Île Saint-Louis (French: [il sɛ̃ lwi]), eleven hectares (27 acres) in size, is one of two natural islands in the Seine river, in Paris, France (the other natural island is the Île de la Cité, where Notre-Dame de Paris is located). Île Saint-Louis is connected to the rest of Paris by four bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île de la Cité by the Pont Saint-Louis.

The island is located within the 4th arrondissement of Paris and has a population of 4,453.
Nocera Superiore
Nocera Superiore (Neapolitan: Nucèrë or Nucèrä Superiórë) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

It was the core of the ancient city of Nuceria Alfaterna, later known as Nuceria Constantia, Nuceria Christianorum and then Nuceria Paganorum (Italian: Nocera dei Pagani), which also included the nowadays territories of Nocera Inferiore, Pagani and smaller towns.

In other respects, its history up until 1851 is held in common with the adjacent Nocera Inferiore: the two towns share a common origin.

Nocera Inferiore
Nocera Inferiore (Neapolitan: Nucèrä Inferiórë or simply Nucèrë, IPA: [nuˈ(t)ʃɛːrə], locally [nuˈ(t)ʃæːrə]) is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in Campania in southern Italy. It lies west of Nocera Superiore, at the foot of Monte Albino, some 35 km east-southeast of Naples by rail.
Arlinda Rushiti
Arlinda Rushiti (born 27 March 1999) is a Kosovar tennis player.

She has a career-high singles ranking by the WTA of 352, achieved on 9 January 2023.

Playing for Kosovo Fed Cup team, she has a win/loss record of 21–22 (as of May 2024).

Kosovo Billie Jean King Cup team
The Kosovo Billie Jean King Cup team represents Kosovo in Billie Jean King Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis Federation of Kosovo. They took part in the Fed Cup for the first time in 2016, competing in the Europe/Africa Zone Group III.
La Reine High School
La Reine High School (LRHS) was an all-girls' Catholic high school in Suitland in unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland, under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington.

Its students lived in Maryland and Washington, D.C.

The school opened in 1960. In 1992 it closed, with its students going to Bishop McNamara High School, previously only for boys. The school's stained glass windows, which were created in the 1950s, were given to Our Lady of the Presentation Catholic Church in Poolesville, Maryland. The building was acquired by the county in 1994 as Drew-Freeman Middle School. It was demolished in 2021.

Bishop McNamara High School
Bishop McNamara High School (BMHS, McNamara, or Mac) is a private, Catholic coed high school in Forestville CDP in unincorporated Prince George's County, Maryland.

The school is in the Holy Cross tradition offering a college preparatory curriculum and a range of Fine Arts, athletics and activities. Founded in 1964 by the Congregation of Holy Cross, Bishop McNamara is located on a 14-acre campus in Forestville, Maryland, United States, just 7 miles south of Washington, D.C., serving students ranging from six different Maryland counties, Northern Virginia and the District of Columbia and is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington.  The school bears the name of Bishop John Michael McNamara, a former auxiliary bishop to the Archbishops of Baltimore and Washington and the founder of St. Gabriel's parish in Washington, D.C.
Bardhaman–Asansol section
The Barddhaman–Asansol section is a railway line connecting Bardhaman and Asansol. This 106 kilometres (66 mi) track is part of the Howrah–Delhi main line, Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line and Howrah–Allahabad–Mumbai line. It is under the jurisdiction of Eastern Railway, and is connected to the South Eastern Railway through Asansol–Adra line at Asansol Jn and Kalipahari–Damodar connector at Kalipahari (this line is only used by freight trains).

Eastern Railway zone
22°34′21.8″N 88°21′50.2″E﻿ / ﻿22.572722°N 88.363944°E﻿ / 22.572722; 88.363944

The Eastern Railway (abbreviated ER) is among the 19 zones of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is at Fairley Place (Kolkata) and comprises four divisions: Howrah, Malda, Sealdah, and Asansol. Each division is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager (DRM). The name of the division denotes the name of the city where the divisional headquarters is located. Eastern Railway oversees the largest and second largest rail complexes in the country, Howrah Junction and Sealdah railway station, and also contains the highest number of A1 and A Category Stations like Howrah, Malda Town,
Sealdah, Asansol, Kolkata, Durgapur, Barddhaman, Jasidih, Madhupur, Rampurhat Junction, Bhagalpur, Jamalpur, Bandel and Naihati. Eastern Railways operates India's oldest train, Kalka Mail.
Lee Eung-bok
Lee Eung-bok (Korean: 이응복; born 1972) is a South Korean television director. His first work was Hometown of Legends – Forbidden Books for the KBS in 2009. He is also known for directing other popular shows such as School 2013 (2012), Secret Love (2013), and Descendants of the Sun (2016). After joining Studio Dragon, he continued his director career with works like Guardian: The Lonely and Great God (2016–17) and Mr. Sunshine (2018). In 2020, Lee directed his first Netflix original series, Sweet Home, which is based on the Naver webtoon of the same name by Kim Carnby and Hwang Young-chan. The series received positive reception, and a second season was released in 2023.

Guardian: The Lonely and Great God
Guardian: The Lonely and Great God (Korean: 쓸쓸하고 찬란하神 – 도깨비) is a South Korean television series starring Gong Yoo in the title role, alongside Kim Go-eun, Lee Dong-wook, Yoo In-na, and Yook Sung-jae. Written by Kim Eun-sook, the series aired on TVN from December 2, 2016, to January 21, 2017.

Its final episode recorded an 18.68% nationwide audience share, making it the seventh highest-rated drama in Korean cable television history. It received critical acclaim and became a cultural phenomenon in South Korea. The series won numerous awards, including the Grand Prize (Daesang) for writer Kim Eun-sook and Best Actor for Gong Yoo at the 53rd Baeksang Arts Awards.
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22 is a leading case on causation in English tort law. It concerned  malignant mesothelioma, a deadly disease caused by breathing asbestos fibres. The House of Lords approved the test of "materially increasing risk" of harm, as a deviation in some circumstances from the ordinary "balance of probabilities" test under the "but for" standard.

English tort law
English tort law concerns the compensation for harm to people's rights to health and safety, a clean environment, property, their economic interests, or their reputations. A "tort" is a wrong in civil law, rather than criminal law, that usually requires a payment of money to make up for damage that is caused. Alongside contracts and unjust enrichment, tort law is usually seen as forming one of the three main pillars of the law of obligations.

In English law, torts like other civil cases are generally tried in front a judge without a jury.
Andhra Prabha
Andhra Prabha is a Telugu-language daily newspaper in India, circulated primarily in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Founded on 15th August 1938, by Ramnath Goenka under the Indian Express Group, it has become one of the longest-running Telugu dailies. Over the decades, the newspaper has undergone various editorial and ownership changes, including a transition from The New Indian Express Group to its current proprietorship under Muttha Gopalakrishna, a businessman and former MLA from Kakinada. Andhra Prabha also expanded into broadcasting in 2018 with the launch of India Ahead, a nationwide English news channel, marking a significant step as the first channel to be based in South India.

India Ahead
India Ahead is an English-language news channel in India operated by the Andhra Prabha Media Group. Launched in July 2018, the channel broadcasts current affairs, entertainment, sports, politics, and business content. The channel's headquarters are in Hyderabad, India, with studios located in Delhi. It offers coverage from both Indian and international perspectives.
Jean Vesque de Puttelange
Jean Vesque de Puttelange (12 November 1760 – 1 March 1829), born in Brussels, was a government official of the Holy Roman Empire, serving in administrations in the Habsburg Netherlands and Vienna. He belonged to a family originally from Lorraine, the Vesques de Puttelange (a town on the French border with Luxembourg). He was the father of the diplomat Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, who composed operas and songs under the pseudonym 'J. van Hoven'.

Johann Vesque von Püttlingen
Johann Vesque von Püttlingen (pseudonym Johann Hoven) (23 July 1803 – 29 October 1883), born J. Vesque de Puttelange, was an Austrian lawyer, diplomat, author, composer and singer. His full name and title in German was Johann Vesque, Freiherr von Püttlingen.
East Webburn River
The East Webburn is a 5-mile (8 km) stream in the Dartmoor moors in Devon in south-west England. It rises on the western side of the moors, flowing off the west side of Hameldown ridge. Its source is around 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) southwest of Grimspound Bronze Age settlement. It flows south past Widecombe-in-the-Moor and joins the West Webburn River at Lizwell Meet in Oakmoor Wood. These combined streams then join the River Dart close to the village of Holne.

West Webburn River
The West Webburn is a stream on Dartmoor in Devon in south-west England. It rises on the eastern side of the moors flowing off the east side of Hameldown Ridge. Its source is extremely close to the Grimspound Bronze Age settlement, and it was probably the main source of water for the settlement. It flows south, going past Widecombe-in-the-Moor, and joins the East Webburn River at Lizwell Meet in Oakmoor Wood. These combined streams then join the River Dart at Buckland Bridge close to the village of Holne.
Mezhathur
Mezhathur is an Indian village in the state of Kerala situated at Pattambi taluk of Palakkad district at the border of Thrissur, Malappuram and Palakkad districts. It is a historical and cultural village in Kerala. It is also the native place of renowned writer and social reformer V. T. Bhattathiripad.

V. T. Bhattathiripad
Vellithuruthi Thazhathu Karutha Patteri Raman Bhattathiripad (26 March 1896 – 12 February 1982) was an Indian social reformer, dramatist and an Indian independence activist. He was best known for his contributions in the reformation of the Namboothiri community. He wrote a number of books which include a play, Adukkalayail Ninnu Arangathekku and his autobiography, Kanneerum Kinavum  (Tears and Dreams in English) and many critics consider them as notable works in Malayalam literature. Kerala Sahitya Akademi honoured him with distinguished fellowship in 1976.
Bliss n Eso
Bliss n Eso (formerly known as Bliss n' Esoterikizm) are an Australian hip-hop trio based in Sydney. The group consists of emcees Bliss and Eso, and DJ Izm, and they are currently signed to Melbourne record label Illusive Sounds, and are managed and booked by label co-founders Adam Jankie and Matt Gudinski. Bliss n Eso have released seven studio albums which include three number 1 debuts on the ARIA Charts. They have also won two ARIA Awards for Best Urban Release for their 2008 album Flying Colours and for Best Music Video for their 2017 single "Moments". Eso, under his alias Esoterik, released an album entitled My Astral Plane in May 2018.

Illusive Sounds
Illusive Group is an Australian independent record label and management and touring company that represents acts including Bliss n Eso, Lowrider, Stonefield, Owl Eyes, Clubfeet, Diafrix, Lurch & Chief and Lila Gold.
Faltu Larki
Faltu Larki (Urdu: فالتو لڑکی, lit. 'Useless Girl') is a Pakistani family drama television series, produced by Tariq Mujeeb. The series aired weekly on A-Plus Entertainment every Thursday from November 2016 to April 2017. It stars Hina Dilpazeer, Anum Fayyaz, Samiya Mumtaz, Dania Enwer and Jinaan Hussain in lead roles.

The series marked the comeback of the Quddusi Sahab Ki Bewah duo, writer Fasih Bari Khan and director Mazhar Moin. That series also starred Dilpazeer in title role.

Dania Enwer
Dania Enwer is a Pakistani actress who works in Urdu television. She rose to prominence after playing a supporting role in ARY Digital's Habs. Besides acting, she has also worked as a costume designer. Her most recent television presence has been in Tamasha (season 3) on ARY Digital and Aik Lafz Zindagi currently airing on Geo Entertainment.
William W. Ellsworth
William Wolcott Ellsworth (November 10, 1791 – January 15, 1868) was a Yale-educated attorney who served  as the 30th governor of Connecticut, a three-term United States Congressman, a justice of the State Supreme Court.

Henry Leavitt Ellsworth
Henry Leavitt Ellsworth (November 10, 1791 – December 27, 1858) was a Yale-educated attorney who became the first Commissioner of the U.S. Patent Office, where he encouraged innovation by inventors Samuel F.B. Morse and Samuel Colt. Ellsworth also served as the second president of the Aetna Insurance Company, and was a major donor to Yale College, a commissioner to Indian tribes on the western frontier, and the founder of what became the United States Department of Agriculture.