hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Example-based machine translation
Example-based machine translation (EBMT) is a method of machine translation often characterized by its use of a bilingual corpus with parallel texts as its main knowledge base at run-time. It is essentially a translation by analogy and can be viewed as an implementation of a case-based reasoning approach to machine learning.

Statistical machine translation
Statistical machine translation (SMT) is a machine translation approach where translations are generated on the basis of statistical models whose parameters are derived from the analysis of bilingual text corpora. The statistical approach contrasts with the rule-based approaches to machine translation as well as with example-based machine translation, that superseded the previous rule-based approach that required explicit description of each and every linguistic rule, which was costly, and which often did not generalize to other languages.

The first ideas of statistical machine translation were introduced by Warren Weaver in 1949, including the ideas of applying Claude Shannon's information theory. Statistical machine translation was re-introduced in the late 1980s and early 1990s by researchers at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Before the introduction of neural machine translation, it was by far the most widely studied machine translation method.
Munsur Ali
Munsur Ali (Bengali: মুনসুর আলী; born 25 May 1978) is a Bangladeshi-born British film producer, screenwriter, director and social entrepreneur, Labour Party politician, and councillor for Portsoken ward. He is best known for his film Shongram, the first time a British film has been simultaneously written, produced and directed by a British Bangladeshi.

Shongram
Shongram (Bengali: সংগ্রাম; English: Struggle; classified under the name 71 er Shongram in Bangladesh) is a 2014 British-Bangladeshi romantic historical drama film written, directed and produced by Munsur Ali, stars Anupam Kher, Asia Argento, Amaan Reza and Dilruba Yasmeen Ruhee, and co-stars Arman Parvez Murad and Ananta Hira.

The film depicts an English reporter speaking to an old freedom fighter who reveals his past, account, involvement, loss and struggle during the conflict of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War.
Mei Sheng
Mei Sheng (Chinese: 美生, lit. "Beautiful Life" or "Born in the USA"; born August 19, 2003) is a male giant panda born at the San Diego Zoo.  He is the second panda to be born at the zoo and is the first offspring of Bai Yun and Gao Gao.  He is the half-brother of Hua Mei and the brother of Su Lin, Zhen Zhen, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu.

Mei Sheng was sent to China on November 5, 2007.  He was reported to have arrived safely at the Wolong National Nature Reserve on November 8, 2007.

After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Mei Sheng was relocated to Bifengxia Panda Base, just outside Ya'an, where, in May 2009, he successfully copulated with a female giant panda, Ying Ying. Ying Ying's  female cub, born August 26, and named Shu Qing, was sired by either Mei Sheng or another male, Lu Lu.

Bai Yun (giant panda)
Bai Yun (simplified Chinese: 白云; traditional Chinese: 白雲; lit. 'White Cloud'; born September 7, 1991) was the first female giant panda who was born at the Wolong Giant Panda Research Center in China.  From September 1996 she lived at the San Diego Zoo for more than 20 years, until being returned to China in May 2019. Bai Yun gave birth to her sixth cub in 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo, considered the most surviving pandas born at a breeding facility outside of native China. Bai Yun returned to China with her last-born (Xiao Liwu) as the 23-year conservation loan of the pandas came to an end between China and San Diego Zoo Global.
Corey Graves
Matthew Polinsky (born February 24, 1984) is an American wrestling color commentator, retired professional wrestler, and university professor. He is signed to WWE, where he performs under the ring name Corey Graves as the color commentator on the Raw brand as well as the English play-by-play commentator in its sister promotion, Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide. As a former in-ring competitor, he is a one-time NXT Tag Team Champion, and won the WWE 24/7 Champion once even though he had been retired from in-ring competition.

Polinsky is also known for his work on the independent circuit under the ring name Sterling James Keenan.

Byron Saxton
Bryan Jesús Kelly (born August 20, 1981), better known by the ring name Byron Saxton, is an American professional wrestling commentator, ring announcer, and former professional wrestler. He is signed to WWE, where he works as a backstage interviewer on SmackDown, and also serves as a ring announcer for its live events.

Kelly signed with WWE in 2007 as a wrestler and was a "rookie" on the fourth and fifth seasons of NXT. Following his elimination on the latter season of NXT, he began working as a play-by-play and color commentator on NXT before eventually working on other WWE programming including the company's flagship shows, Monday Night Raw and Friday Night SmackDown. He is also a former one-time WWE 24/7 Champion.
Jim Mothersbaugh
James Michael Mothersbaugh (/ˈmʌðərzbɔː/; born January 18, 1954) is an American electronic engineer and former musician. He was the second drummer of the new wave band Devo, replacing Rod Reisman who played for only one show. Mothersbaugh joined Devo with his older brothers, Mark and Bob. He was in the band from 1973 to 1976.

Mothersbaugh appears on several early Devo demos. Later on, he performed as an equipment technician for the band on the 1980 tour, and worked at Roland through much of the 1980s helping to develop MIDI technology.

Bob Mothersbaugh
Robert Leroy Mothersbaugh Jr. (/ˈmʌðərzbɔː/; born August 11, 1952), also known by his stage name Bob 1, is an American musician, singer, songwriter and composer.

Mothersbaugh's music career spans more than 45 years. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as lead guitarist and occasional lead singer of the new wave band Devo, which released a top 20 hit in 1980 with the single "Whip It". The band has maintained a cult following throughout its existence. He is the younger brother of co-founder and lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh.
Development of a Bottle in Space
Development of a Bottle in Space (Italian: Sviluppo di una bottiglia nello spazio) is a bronze futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni. Initially a sketch in Boccioni’s "Technical Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture"," the design was later cast into bronze by Boccioni himself in the year 1913. Consistent with many of themes in Boccioni’s manifesto, the work of art highlights the artist’s first successful attempt at creating a sculpture that both molds and encloses space within itself.

Umberto Boccioni
Umberto Boccioni (US: /boʊˈtʃoʊni, bɒˈ-, bɔːˈ-/; Italian: [umˈbɛrto botˈtʃoːni]; 19 October 1882 – 17 August 1916) was an influential Italian painter and sculptor. He helped shape the revolutionary aesthetic of the Futurism movement as one of its principal figures. Despite his short life, his approach to the dynamism of form and the deconstruction of solid mass guided artists long after his death. His works are held by many public art museums, and in 1988 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City organized a major retrospective of 100 pieces.
Siege of Petropavlovsk
The Siege of Petropavlovsk was a military operation in the Pacific theatre of the Crimean War in which British and French naval forces unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Russian port of Petropavlovsk on the Kamchatka peninsula. The Russian casualties are estimated at 115 soldiers and sailors killed and seriously wounded, whilst the British suffered 105 casualties and the French 104 (by official estimates of the Allies).

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Russian: Петропавловск-Камчатский, IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈpavləfsk kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj] ⓘ) is  a port city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It is located in the Far East of the country and lies along the coast of Avacha Bay by the Pacific Ocean, nearby Khalaktyrskoye Lake. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 164,900.

The city is widely known simply as Petropavlovsk (literally "city of Peter and Paul"). The adjective Kamchatsky ("Kamchatkan") was added to the official name in 1924.
Under Two Flags (1916 film)
Under Two Flags is a 1916 American silent drama film directed by J. Gordon Edwards and starring Theda Bara. It was the second adaptation of the best selling 1867 novel Under Two Flags by Ouida and the subsequent stage play version by Arthur Shirley. The film is now considered to be lost.

The film was re-released by Fox Film Corporation in January 1919. The novel/play was adapted to the screen for a third time in 1922 as Under Two Flags by The Universal Film Manufacturing Company and a fourth time in 1936 again as Under Two Flags by 20th Century Fox.

Under Two Flags (1922 film)
Under Two Flags is a 1922 American drama film directed by Tod Browning and starring Priscilla Dean. The picture was one of several films based upon the 1867 novel Under Two Flags by Ouida and subsequent stage play version by Arthur Shirley. A print of Under Two Flags exists.
You'll Like My Mother
You'll Like My Mother is a 1972 American horror-thriller film directed by Lamont Johnson, from screenplay by Jo Heims based on the novel of the same name by Naomi A. Hintze. The film stars Patty Duke, Rosemary Murphy, Richard Thomas and Sian Barbara Allen. The film follows a pregnant widow who travels to rural Minnesota to meet her mother-in-law, whom she discovers has sinister motives against her.

Sian Barbara Allen
Sian Barbara Allen (July 12, 1946 – March 31, 2025) was an American actress who mainly appeared on television throughout the 1970s. A native of Reading, Pennsylvania, Allen studied at the Pasadena Playhouse before appearing in her first screen role on the series O'Hara, U.S. Treasury in 1971. She went on to appear in numerous television series in the ensuing years, including recurring appearances on The Waltons, Gunsmoke, and Ironside.

She starred in several television films, including Scream, Pretty Peggy (1973) and The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case (1976). In addition to her television credits, Allen starred in two feature films: the thriller You'll Like My Mother (1972) and the Western Billy Two Hats (1974). For her performance in You'll Like My Mother, Allen was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year.
Akari Nibu
Akari Nibu (Japanese: 丹生 明里, Hepburn: Nibu Akari; born February 15, 2001 in Tochigi Prefecture) is a Japanese YouTuber, radio personality, and actress, represented by Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Focusing on video games and anime, she often appears in gaming-related events and television shows and was a voice actress for Deemo: Memorial Keys (2021).

Nibu began her career as a member of the girl group Hinatazaka46 (formerly Hiragana Keyakizaka46) from 2017 to 2024, and was the lead performer of the group's single "One Choice" (2023). She also hosts Akari Nibu Happy Caravan on TBS Radio.

Deemo: Memorial Keys
Deemo: Memorial Keys (Japanese: DEEMO サクラノオト -あなたの奏でた音が、今も響く-, Hepburn: Deemo Sakura no Oto: Anata no Kanadeta Oto ga, Ima mo Hibiku; lit. 'Deemo: The Sound of Cherry Blossoms — The Sound You Played Still Echoes') is a 2021 Japanese animated film produced by Production I.G and Signal.MD, based on the Taiwanese mobile rhythm game Deemo developed by Rayark. It was released theatrically in Japan in February 2022. This was Signal.MD's final anime film as the studio will be absorbed by Production I.G in June 2025.
The Man from Earth: Holocene
The Man from Earth: Holocene is a 2017 American science fiction drama film directed by Richard Schenkman and written by Richard Schenkman and Emerson Bixby, based on characters created by Bixby's father, science fiction writer Jerome Bixby. It is a sequel to the 2007 film The Man from Earth. David Lee Smith returns as the "John Oldman" character, the protagonist from the original film, although going by a different name.  The marketing of the film was notable for leveraging a full spectrum of both conventional and "pirate" channels to maximize visibility and distribution.

The Man from Earth
The Man from Earth is a 2007 American science fiction drama film film directed by Richard Schenkman. It was written by Jerome Bixby, who conceived the screenplay in the early 1960s and completed it on his deathbed in April 1998. It stars David Lee Smith as John Oldman, a departing university professor, who puts forth the notion that he is more than 14,000 years old. The entire film is set in and around Oldman's house during his farewell party and consists almost entirely of dialogue. The plot advances through intellectual arguments between Oldman and his fellow faculty members.

The screenplay mirrors similar concepts of longevity which Bixby had introduced in "Requiem for Methuselah", a Star Trek episode he wrote which originally aired in 1969. The Man from Earth gained recognition in part for being widely distributed through Internet peer-to-peer networks, which raised its profile. The film was later adapted by Schenkman into a stage play.
May Beattie
May Beattie (born c. 1950) is a former Northern Irish unionist politician who was a Mid and East Antrim Councillor for the Knockagh DEA from 2014 to 2019. 
A former member of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), Beattie previously represented Knockagh on the former Carrickfergus Borough Council from 1997 to 2014.

Carrickfergus Borough Council
Carrickfergus Borough Council was a district council in County Antrim in Northern Ireland. It merged with Ballymena Borough Council and Larne Borough Council in May 2015 under local government reorganisation in Northern Ireland to become Mid and East Antrim Borough Council.

The council was based at Carrickfergus Town Hall and the council administered the town, on the north shore of Belfast Lough, and surrounding area, which extended from Greenisland in the south-west to Whitehead in the east. The borough was 32 square miles (83 km2), with a population of just over 39,000.

Together with the neighbouring district of Larne and small parts of Newtownabbey and Moyle, it formed the East Antrim constituency for elections to the Westminster Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly.
Dropped from Heaven
Dropped from Heaven (French: Tombé du ciel) is a 1946 French comedy film directed by Emil E. Reinert and starring Jacqueline Gauthier, Claude Dauphin and Giselle Pascal. A singer jokingly tells one of her bandmates that he is the father of her child, who is really not her daughter at all but belongs to a friend.

Claude Dauphin (actor)
Claude Dauphin (né Legrand; 19 August 1903 – 16 November 1978) was a French actor. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1930 and 1978, including Barbarella, The Quiet American, The Tenant, Grand Prix and a voice role in The Tale of the Fox, considered to be one of the earliest stop-motion animated films.
Gene Trautmann
Eugene Peter Trautmann (born November 30, 1966) is an American drummer, best known for his work with rock bands Queens of the Stone Age, Dig and the Miracle Workers, and as a touring member of Eagles of Death Metal. He has also contributed to releases by The Desert Sessions and toured with Mark Lanegan.

Eagles of Death Metal
Eagles of Death Metal is an American rock band from Palm Desert, California, formed in 1998. Founded by Jesse Hughes (vocals, guitar) and Josh Homme (drums), the band also includes a wide range of other musicians who perform both on the band's studio albums and at live shows. Hughes and Homme are the only permanent members of the band, with Homme rarely performing at live shows due to commitment to his other band, Queens of the Stone Age. The band's current touring lineup includes Hughes alongside Leah Bluestein (drums), Scott Shiflett (guitar), Jennie Vee (bass) and Rex Roulette (guitar).

Despite their name, Eagles of Death Metal are not a death metal band, and the name is intended to be humorous. In a 2003 interview, Homme described the sound of the band as a combination of "bluegrass slide guitar mixed with stripper drum beats and Canned Heat vocals." Hughes is known for his enthusiastic interaction with audiences at live performances.
Choli
A choli  or ravike is a blouse or a bodice-like upper garment, that is usually cut short or cropped leaving the midriff bare worn by women in the Indian Subcontinent. It is also known as ravike in South India. It is worn along with a sari in the Indian subcontinent. In northern Gujarat is also known as polku. The choli is also part of the ghagra choli costume in the Indian subcontinent. Women of Rajput families wore the kurti on top of the choli, because the choli left the midriff and the back bare.

Antariya
An antariya (antarīya) is a lower body garment from ancient India. It is a long white or coloured strip of cotton passed through the legs, tucked at the back and covering the legs loosely, then flowing into long pleats at front of the legs.
Beeches (Frankfort, Kentucky)
Beeches is a brick house in Frankfort, Kentucky whose main block was built in 1818.  In 1979, when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it was in a great lawn in a park-like setting, in contrast to 20th century encroachments on all sides.

It was deemed notable as an outstanding Federal-style structure and as one of just two surviving nineteenth-century buildings along the Leestown Pike in Franklin County, Kentucky.  The other building, Glen Willis, one-fourth mile to the southwest, was already listed on the National Register.

It has a one-and-a-half-story section that was a c.1800 brick house, and a two-and-a-half-story main block, also in brick.  It has later brick and frame additions to the rear and east side.

Glen Willis
Glen Willis is a building in Frankfort, Kentucky that was built as a brick, two-story house in 1815.  A third story was added when it was remodelled by Henry Harrison Murray after 1841.

It was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Incinerator Studios
Incinerator Studios was an American video game developer, based in Carlsbad, California, known for developing several racing games, three based on the animated film franchise Cars and one MX vs. ATV game, with the first three featuring other versions developed by the racing developer Rainbow Studios. Incinerator, like Rainbow, was a wholly owned subsidiary of THQ, but it was spun off as an independent company in March 2009 as part of a cost-cutting move. In 2011, Incinerator launched a new company, Playdek, focused on developing mobile tabletop games.

Their website has been inactive since 2017, and as a result, the company is most likely defunct.

Playdek
Playdek is an independent video game development company founded in 2011, based in Carlsbad, California. Playdek specializes in developing board games and card games for Android, iOS, Windows, and Mac.
Sir Henry Bellingham, 4th Baronet
Sir Alan Henry Bellingham, 4th Baronet, (23 August 1846 – 9 June 1921) was an Anglo-Irish Conservative Member of Parliament. He was Justice of the Peace, High Sheriff of Louth and Lord Lieutenant of Louth. He was Senator of the Royal University of Ireland and Private Chamberlain to popes Pius IX, Leo XIII and Pius X. He was the father of the diplomat Sir Edward Bellingham, 5th Bt. and the uncle of Sir Evelyn Wrench, editor of The Spectator.

Evelyn Wrench
Sir John Evelyn Leslie Wrench KCMG (29 October 1882 – 11 November 1966) was a British author and journalist who was editor of The Spectator. He was the founder of the Royal Over-Seas League (ROSL) and the English-Speaking Union (ESU), both established to foster international communication and education.  His initial gamble in the postcard business, due to the popularity of postcards, proved a temporary success.  By the turn of the century, half of all the postcards sold in Paris came from his stores.  He later became a prominent author on matters relating to the British Empire.
Abyan Governorate
Abyan (Arabic: أَبْيَنْ ʾAbyan) is a governorate of Yemen.  The Abyan region was historically part of the Fadhli Sultanate.  It was a base to the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army militant group. Its capital is the city of Zinjibar.  This governorate is noted for its agriculture, in particular the cultivation of date palms and animal husbandry.

Al-Bayda Governorate
Al Bayda Governorate (Arabic: مُحَافَظَة ٱلْبَيْضَاء Muḥāfaẓat Al-Bayḍāʾ), also spelt Al-Baidhah or Beida, is one of the governorates (muhafazat) of Yemen. It is located near the centre of the country, around the town of Al Bayda. Its population, according to the 2004 Yemeni census, was 571,778. In 2011, the population was estimated to be 895,000.
Jatayu Earth's Center Nature Park
Jatayu Earth's Center, (IPA: [dʒɐʈaːju]) also known as Jatayu Nature Park  is a national park and tourism centre at Chadayamangalam in Kollam district of Kerala, India. It stands at an altitude of 350 m (1,150 ft) above mean sea level. To get to the top, there is a cable car, and it is the only cable car in Kerala. The honor of being the largest bird sculpture in the world belongs to Jatayu.

The sculpture measures 200 feet (61 m) long, 150 feet (46 m) wide, 70 feet (21 m) in height and occupies 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) of floor area). It was sculpted by Rajiv Anchal.

This rock-theme nature park was the first Public–private partnership tourism initiative in the state of Kerala under the BOT model. The park is about 38 km (24 mi) away from the city of Kollam and 46 km (29 mi) away from the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram.

After completion, it became accessible to visitors on 17 August 2018.

Rajiv Anchal
Rajiv Anchal (born 20 December 1956) is a film director, screenwriter, and sculptor who works in Malayalam cinema. In 1997, he made Guru, India's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. His first English language film was Beyond The Soul (2003).
Legacies (TV series)
Legacies is an American fantasy drama television series, created by Julie Plec, that aired from October 25, 2018, to June 16, 2022, on the CW. A spinoff of The Originals, it is part of The Vampire Diaries Universe, and features characters from both The Originals and its predecessor, The Vampire Diaries. Danielle Rose Russell stars as the 17-year-old Hope Mikaelson, continuing the role she originated in the fifth and final season of The Originals. Matt Davis also stars in the series, reprising his role as Alaric Saltzman from The Vampire Diaries. In May 2022, it was announced that the fourth season would be its final season.

Julie Plec
Julie Plec (born May 26, 1972) is an American television producer, writer and director, known for her work on The CW television series The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017) which she co-created with Kevin Williamson, and its spin-offs  The Originals (2013–2018) and Legacies (2018–2022). She also developed the limited series Containment (2016).
Jim Hulton
Jim Hulton (born January 7, 1969) is a Canadian ice hockey coach who is currently the general manager and head coach of the Charlottetown Islanders of the QMJHL.  Hulton was previously an assistant coach with the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League from 2008 to 2011 and the general manager & head coach of the Tri-City Storm of the USHL from 2013 to 2015.

Charlottetown Islanders
The Charlottetown Islanders are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) based in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. They are members of the Maritimes Division, and play their home games at the Eastlink Centre.