hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
2012 Spengler Cup
The 2012 Spengler Cup was held in Davos, Switzerland, from 26 December to 31 December 2012. All matches were played at HC Davos's home known as Vaillant Arena. Six competing teams were split into two groups of three. The two groups, named Torriani and Cattini, were named after legendary Swiss hockey players Richard "Bibi" Torriani and the Cattini brothers, Hans and Ferdinand.

HC Davos
Hockey Club Davos is a professional ice hockey club based in Davos, Switzerland. The team competes in the National League (NL), the highest league in Switzerland. It is generally referred to by its abbreviation "HCD" by the fans. The team is usually a strong force in the league and often bolster their roster with Swiss national team players and players who once played for National Hockey League (NHL) teams. Since 1923, HC Davos has hosted the annual Spengler Cup tournament, which is an invitational competition.

The team had the lowest attendance of the National League for the 2016–17 season, averaging 4,792 spectators over their 25 regular season home games.
Aristotle of Cyrene
Aristotle of Cyrene (or Aristoteles, Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης; fl. 325 BC) was a Greek philosopher who may have belonged to the Cyrenaic school.

He was a native of Cyrene, and a contemporary of Stilpo. He taught Cleitarchus and Simmias of Syracuse before they became pupils of Stilpo. It has generally been assumed that Aristotle was a member of the Cyrenaic school, but this assumption is somewhat doubtful. According to Diogenes Laërtius, he wrote a work on the art of poetry. The only aspect of his philosophical views which is known is a short piece of ethical advice preserved by Aelian:

Aristoteles of Cyrene said that you should not accept a favor from anyone. For either you have trouble if you try to pay it back, or you appear to be ungrateful if you don't.

An athlete of the same period called Aristotle of Cyrene, who spurned the love of Lais, is mentioned in a moral anecdote by Clement of Alexandria.

Cyrenaics
The Cyrenaics, or Kyrenaics (Ancient Greek: Κυρηναϊκοί, romanized: Kyrēnaïkoí), were a sensual hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BCE, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger. The school was so called after Cyrene, the birthplace of Aristippus. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The Cyrenaics taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain (as it did for Epicurus), but positively enjoyable sensations. Of these, momentary pleasures, especially physical ones, are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. Further, they recognized the value of social obligation and that pleasure could be gained from altruistic behaviour. The school died out within a century and was replaced by the philosophy of Epicureanism.
Kunnathur, Kerala
Kunnathur (Kunnattūr,കുന്നത്തൂർ) is a taluk in Kollam district in the Indian state of Kerala.

The capital of Kunnathur taluk is Sasthamkotta. The major portion of Kerala's largest freshwater lake, Sasthamcotta Lake, is in Kunnathur. The Kallada River flows eastward within Kunnathur near the Kokkamkave Durga Devi Temple. It is within the border of the Kollam district and borders the Pathanamthitta district. Kunnathur is the smallest taluk in Kerala. Kovoor Kunjumon of RSP(L) is the present elected member from Kunnathur assembly constituency.

Kollam district
Kollam district (Malayalam: [kolːɐm] ⓘ), (formerly known as Quilon district) is one of 14 districts of the state of Kerala, India. The district has a cross-section of Kerala's natural attributes; it is endowed with a long coastline, a major Laccadive Sea seaport and an inland lake (Ashtamudi Lake). The district has many water bodies. Kallada River is one among them, and land on the east bank of the river is East Kallada and that on the west bank is West Kallada.
Pellaea (plant)
Pellaea is a genus of ferns in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. The genus name is derived from the Greek word πελλος (pellos), meaning "dark," and refers to the brown stems.  Many members of the genus are commonly known as cliffbrakes. They primarily grow in rocky habitats, including moist rocky canyons, slopes, and bluffs.

Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.  The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), also known as α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase (KIC dioxygenase), is an Fe(II)-containing non-heme oxygenase that catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine - the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. HPPD also catalyzes the conversion of phenylpyruvate to 2-hydroxyphenylacetate and the conversion of α-ketoisocaproate to β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. HPPD is an enzyme that is found in nearly all aerobic forms of life.

Homogentisic acid
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. It is oxidatively dimerised to form hipposudoric acid, one of the main constituents of the 'blood sweat' of hippopotamuses.

It is less commonly known as melanic acid, the name chosen by William Prout.
Gwalia Lightning
Gwalia Lightning is a Welsh women's rugby union team based in Cardiff. Founded in 2023, the team competes in the Celtic Challenge, the international competition between Scottish, Welsh and Irish regional teams.

Celtic Challenge
The Celtic Challenge is an annual cross-border women's rugby union, launched in 2023. Designed to develop players for the Celtic nations of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the inaugural pilot edition featured a double round robin between three teams, one from each participating union. From 2024 the competition will involve six teams, two from each participating union. Beginning with the 2024–25 season, the competition will maintain its six-team setup, transitioning into a full home-and-away round-robin format. The winners will be determined by standings at the end of the season.

The three participating unions fund the competition, with further development funding from World Rugby.
St James' Church, Birkdale
St James' Church is in Lulworth Road, Birkdale, Southport, Sefton, Merseyside, England, and is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool.  It was built between 1856 and 1857, and later extended.  One of its former vicars was Revd Marcus Morris, the founder of the comic the Eagle.  The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.

Marcus Morris (publisher)
John Marcus Harston Morris OBE (25 April 1915 – 16 March 1989) was an English Anglican priest who founded the Eagle weekly comic in 1950, launched the British edition of Cosmopolitan in 1972, and was deputy chairman of the National Magazine Company.
Kerrang! TV
Kerrang! TV was a British music television channel owned by Channel Four Television Corporation. The network used the branding of the music magazine Kerrang! under a brand licensing agreement with Bauer Media Group. The channel primarily broadcast music videos without set scheduling to allow text requests for their playlists.

The Box (British and Irish TV channel)
The Box was a television channel in the United Kingdom and Ireland, owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation. It primarily broadcast music videos and music-related programs.

On 29 January 2024, Channel 4 announced in a press release that they would close The Box and its sister channels, which occurred on 30 June 2024.
Tom Kitt (musician)
Thomas Robert Kitt is an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, and musician. For his score for the musical Next to Normal, he shared the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for Drama with Brian Yorkey. He has also won two Tony Awards and an Outer Critics Circle Award for Next to Normal, as well as Tony and Outer Critics Circle nominations for If/Then and SpongeBob SquarePants. He has been nominated for eight Drama Desk Awards, winning one, and he won two Grammy Awards for Best Musical Theater Album for Jagged Little Pill in 2021 and Hell's Kitchen in 2025.

Hell's Kitchen (musical)
Hell's Kitchen is a jukebox musical built on the music and lyrics of Alicia Keys, with a semi-autobiographical plot about her upbringing in Manhattan in the 1990s. The musical, with a book by Kristoffer Diaz, initially ran at The Public Theater in October 2023, having its Broadway debut at the Shubert Theatre on April 20, 2024, followed by a cast recording on June 7, 2024.

The original Off-Broadway and Broadway productions received positive reviews by theatre critics, considering the musical among the best examples of the jukebox musical, while Maleah Joi Moon, Shoshana Bean, and Kecia Lewis were praised for their acting and vocal performances. The productions received nominations and won at the Lucille Lortel Awards, Drama Desk Awards, Drama League Awards, and Grammy Awards. At the 77th Tony Awards, the Broadway production garnered 13 nominations, winning Best Leading Actress and Best Featured Actress.
Bulgarian Revival
The Bulgarian Revival (Bulgarian: Българско възраждане, romanized: Balgarsko vazrazhdane, Turkish: Bulgar ulus canlanması), also called the Bulgarian National Revival, was a period of socio-economic development and national integration among Bulgarian people under Ottoman rule. It is commonly accepted to have started with the historical book, Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, written in 1762 by Paisius, a Bulgarian monk of the Hilandar monastery at Mount Athos, leading to the National awakening of Bulgaria and the modern Bulgarian nationalism, and lasting until the creation of autonomous status for Bulgaria with the formation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878 as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

National awakening of Bulgaria
The National awakening of Bulgaria refers to the Bulgarian nationalism that emerged in the early 19th century under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French Revolution, mostly via Greece, although there were stirrings in the 18th century. Russia, as fellow Orthodox Slavs, could appeal to the Bulgarians in a way that Austria could not. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 gave Russia the right to interfere in Ottoman affairs to protect the Sultan's Christian subjects.
Hermann Zapf
Hermann Zapf (German: [ˈhɛʁman ˈtsapf]; 8 November 1918 – 4 June 2015) was a German type designer and calligrapher who lived in Darmstadt, Germany. He was married to the calligrapher and typeface designer Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse. Typefaces he designed include Palatino, Optima, and Zapfino. He is considered one of the greatest type designers of all time.

Rudolf Koch
Rudolf Koch (20 November 1876 – 9 April 1934) was a German type designer, professor, and a master of lettering, calligraphy, typography and illustration. Commonly known for his typefaces created for the Klingspor Type Foundry, his most widely used typefaces include Neuland and Kabel.
Urination
Urination is the release of urine from the bladder through the urethra in placental mammals,: 38, 364  or through the cloaca in other vertebrates. It is the urinary system's form of excretion. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including peeing, weeing, pissing, and euphemistically number one. The process of urination is under voluntary control in healthy humans and other animals, but may occur as a reflex in infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.

In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. Brain centres that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex.

Post-micturition convulsion syndrome
In neurourology, post-micturition convulsion syndrome (PMCS), also known informally as pee shivers or piss shivers, is the experience of shivering during or after urination. The syndrome seems to be experienced more often by men than women.

The online question-and-answer newspaper column The Straight Dope credited the origin of the term to Peter H.M. Brooks when a reader inquired about the phenomenon.
Pratapgarh district, Rajasthan
Pratapgarh district is the 33rd district of Rajasthan, created on 26 January 2008. It is a part of Udaipur Division and has been carved out from the erstwhile tehsils of Chittorgarh, Udaipur and Banswara districts. Pratapgarh town (Pin Code 312605, STD Code 01478) is the administrative headquarters of the district.

Udaipur district
Udaipur district is one of the 50 districts of Rajasthan state in western India. The historic city of Udaipur is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district is part of the Mewar region of Rajasthan.
Christina Björk
Christina Björk (born 27 July 1938) is a Swedish writer and children's book author.

She was born in Stockholm and studied at the Graphic Institute there. She then worked as a graphics designer for a magazine; there she met Lena Anderson who would later work with Björk on several books. She next worked in children's television programming for Sveriges Television. From 1975 to 1980, she was editor for the children's page of the Dagens Nyheter newspaper. In 1985, she published Linnea i målarens trädgård with illustrations by Anderson; an English translation Linnea in Monet's Garden was published two years later. The book is now available in more than 15 languages. A short film was later produced with Björk as director.

Lena Anderson
Lena Anderson (born 27 May 1939) is a Swedish children's book illustrator and author.

Anderson was born in Stockholm, Sweden in 1939. She first gained international success for her illustrations in the 1985 picture book Linnea in Monet's Garden, which was translated into English in 1987. The book, which she made with Christina Björk, took five years to finish. She has worked on multiple other books with writer Christina Björk, including a series of children's stories with the character Linnea.

Anderson mainly draws nature-based illustrations. Her work draws from traditional Swedish picture book styles, similar to that of Elsa Beskow's work.
McMafia
McMafia is a British crime drama television series created by Hossein Amini and James Watkins, and directed by Watkins. It is inspired by the non-fiction book McMafia: A Journey Through the Global Criminal Underworld by journalist Misha Glenny (2008). The series stars James Norton as Alex Godman, the British-raised son of a Russian mafia boss living in London whose father is trying to escape from the world of organised crime. It is co-produced by BBC, AMC Networks, and Cuba Pictures. It premiered in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 1 January 2018, and in the United States on AMC on 26 February 2018. The series was canceled after one season.

Misha Glenny
Michael V. E. "Misha" Glenny (born 25 April 1958) is an English journalist and broadcaster, specialising in southeast Europe, global organised crime, and cybersecurity. He has been Rector of the Institute for Human Sciences (IWM, Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen) in Vienna since 2022.
Tight Shoes (film)
Tight Shoes is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Albert S. Rogell and starring Leo Carrillo, John Howard, and Broderick Crawford. It is based on the Damon Runyon story. The film was produced and distributed as second feature by Universal Pictures.

John Howard (American actor)
John Howard (born John Richard Cox Jr.; April 14, 1913 – February 19, 1995) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his roles in the films Lost Horizon (1937) and The Philadelphia Story (1940).

Howard played Bulldog Drummond in seven films which were produced by Paramount. He also appeared in many television series and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Mir of Tidore
Sultan Mir (Jawi: سلطان مير‎); or Amiruddin Iskandar Dulkarna'in (امير الدين اسکندر ذوالقرنين‎; c. 1511 ― 1550s) was the third Sultan of Tidore in Maluku Islands. He had a long and troubled reign from 1526 to the 1550s where he tried to counter the hegemonic ambitions of the Portuguese and their Ternate allies. The global rivalries between Spain and Portugal characterized the period, and the two Iberian powers indiscriminately involved the spice sultanates Tidore and Ternate in their power game.

Gapi Baguna
Sultan Gapi Baguna (Jawi: سلطان ݢاڤي بݢون‎; c. 1547 – 29 April 1599), also known as Sirajul Arifin (سراج العارفين‎), was the sixth Sultan of Tidore in Maluku Islands. He reigned from 1560 to 1599, a time of major political realignments. Due to the great expansion of Tidore's rival Ternate, the previous Tidorese hostility towards the Portuguese was changed into a strategic policy of cooperation, while the Spanish establishment in the Philippines and the Iberian Union in 1581 brought him Spanish support.
Nothing Is Sound
Nothing Is Sound is the fifth studio album by American alternative rock band Switchfoot. It was released on September 13, 2005 and debuted at number three on the Billboard 200. The first single from the album was "Stars," which was the number one most-added song on Modern Rock Radio and received much airplay on alternative rock stations upon release. A second single, "We Are One Tonight," was released in early 2006, though it did not enjoy much success on the Billboard charts.

The album was marred by major controversy over the inclusion of XCP copy protection distributed on all copies of the disc. This led to bassist Tim Foreman posting a detailed work-around on the band's website (which was promptly removed by Columbia Records). Nothing Is Sound was at the forefront of the Sony BMG CD copy prevention scandal, which eventually led to the recall of all CDs that contained the protection.

Stars (Switchfoot song)
"Stars" is the first single released from American rock band Switchfoot's fifth album Nothing Is Sound. "Stars" was released to radio on June 28, 2005, and again on July 5. It was the most-added song on Modern Rock Radio in its first week of release and peaked at number sixteen on the US Modern Rock chart. The song was certified gold as a digital single on December 13, 2005. It is the band's third most successful song, behind previous hits "Meant to Live" and "Dare You to Move". On iTunes, an acoustic mix of the track is available.
Tokyu 3000 series
The Tokyu 3000 series (東急3000系, Tōkyū 3000-kei) is a Japanese commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Tokyu Corporation in the Tokyo area of Japan. Introduced into service on 16 April 1999 on the Tokyu Toyoko Line as a sole eight-car set, a total of 78 vehicles, which would form 13 six-car sets, were built by Tokyu Car Corporation between 1999 and 2001 for use on Tokyu Meguro Line inter-running services to the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, Toei Mita Line, and Saitama Rapid Railway Line.

Between 2022 and 2023, 26 cars were built to augment the fleet into eight-car formations ahead of the introduction of Sotetsu line through services via the Tokyu Shin-Yokohama Line.

Meguro Line
The Meguro Line (目黒線, Tōkyū-Meguro-sen) is a railway line operated by Japanese private railway company Tokyu Corporation. As a railway line, the name is for the section between Meguro and Den-en-chōfu in southwest Tokyo, but nearly all trains run to Hiyoshi on a quad-tracked section of the Tōyoko Line in Yokohama, Kanagawa. Additionally, the Meguro line interoperates with the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line and Toei Mita Line beyond Meguro.
Jung District, Incheon
Jung District (Korean: 중구; RR: Jung-gu) is the historic central ward of the city of Incheon, South Korea, one of the eight wards into which Incheon is divided. Its name means "central" in Korean. It was founded in 1883 on the opening of the Jemulpo Port and contains several historical and cultural heritage monuments, such as Dap-dong Cathedral, Hongyemun Gate, The First Anglican Church, and Jayu Park, Korea's first modern park. Incheon Chinatown, the birthplace of jajangmyeon, is located in the district.

Incheon is the gateway to Seoul, the capital of South Korea. In modern times it became a trading port, eventually growing to become the second-largest port in South Korea. Incheon International Airport also locates in Jung District.

Incheon Chinatown
Incheon Chinatown (Korean: 인천차이나타운; Chinese: 仁川唐人街) is a Chinatown in Jung District, Incheon, South Korea. It is the only official Chinatown on the Korean peninsula, and one of the earliest, having formed in 1884. There are a number of restaurants and tourist attractions in the area. It features an 11-meter high Chinese-style gateway, or paifang.

The area is located nearby other attractions such as Jayu Park and Wolmido. There are also Japan-related attractions nearby.
My Name Is Nobody
My Name Is Nobody (Italian: Il mio nome è Nessuno) is a 1973 Italian/French/German international co-production comedy spaghetti Western starring Terence Hill and Henry Fonda. The film was directed by Tonino Valerii and based on an idea by Sergio Leone. The film follows the story of Nobody (Terence Hill), who attempts to get his idol Jack Beauregard (Henry Fonda) to take on the Wild Bunch gang of outlaws.

The film was widely seen in Italy and Germany. In spite of some good reviews, it was not successful in the United States.

Tonino Valerii
Tonino Valerii (20 May 1934 – 13 October 2016) was an Italian film director, most known for his Spaghetti Westerns. Tonino (Antonio) Valerii started his film career as an assistant director on Sergio Leone's A Fistful of Dollars, before moving on to direct by himself. Among his best-known films are Day of Anger (1967) The Price of Power (1969), My Dear Killer (1972), A Reason to Live, a Reason to Die (1972) and My Name Is Nobody (1973), starring Henry Fonda and Terence Hill.

In 1970, he directed A Girl Called Jules, which was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival.

He died on 13 October 2016 in a clinic in Rome at the age of 82.
Jon Daly
Jonathan Barney Daly (born April 14, 1977), sometimes credited as Jonathan C. Daly, Jon C. Daly, or Jon Daly, is an American actor, comedian, writer and producer best known for his sketch comedy work on the Comedy Central series Kroll Show. In 2013, he starred as Hobbes in the Amazon Studios original series Betas, and also played Agent Filippo in Zoolander 2 (2016).

Betas
Betas is an American television sitcom produced by Amazon Studios. The show stars Joe Dinicol and Karan Soni as "dating app" developers in Silicon Valley who are looking for an investor.

Amazon offered the first three episodes of Betas for free on November 22, 2013, with each subsequent episode released weekly thereafter. In March 2014, Amazon decided not to renew for a second season.