hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martinian (emperor)
Martinian (Latin: Martinianus; died 325) was Roman emperor from July to September 324. He was raised to the purple by the emperor Licinius, whom he had hitherto served as a senior bureaucrat, during Licinius's civil war against the emperor Constantine I. Constantine defeated both emperors and forced them to abdicate, and executed them after initially showing leniency.

Licinius
Valerius Licinianus Licinius (/lɪˈsɪniəs/; Greek: Λικίνιος; c. 265 – 325) was Roman emperor from 308 to 324. For most of his reign, he was the colleague and rival of Constantine I, with whom he co-authored the Edict of Milan that granted official toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire. He was finally defeated at the Battle of Chrysopolis (AD 324), and was later executed on the orders of Constantine.
Casablanca directive
The Casablanca directive was approved by the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCOS) of the Western Allies at their 65th meeting on 21 January 1943 and issued to the appropriate Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces commanders on 4 February 1943. It remained in force until 17 April 1944, when the Allied strategic bomber commands based in Britain were directed to help with preparations for Operation Overlord.

The CCOS met during the Casablanca Conference when the Allies were deciding the future strategy of the war.

The directive set out a series of priorities for the strategic bombing of Germany by the air forces based in the UK (RAF Bomber Command and US Eighth Air Force). With modification in June, making German fighters (part of their main defence against Allied bombers) an "intermediate target " and the primary goal, it gave direction to the combined (USAAF and RAF) bombing offensive known as Operation Pointblank.

Area bombing directive
The Area Bombing Directive was a directive issued by the Air Ministry of the War Cabinet to the Royal Air Force (RAF) during World War II on 14 February 1942. The directive ordered RAF Bomber Command to destroy Nazi Germany's industrial workforce and demoralise the population through area bombing of Germany's cities and their civilian inhabitants. The directive must be understood within the context of the bombing of London by the German Luftwaffe from September 1940 to May 1941.
Lorenda Starfelt
Lorenda Starfelt (January 11, 1955 – March 16, 2011) was an independent film producer, as well as a committed political activist and blogger who notably dug up president Barack Obama's birth announcement in an August 1961 edition of The Honolulu Advertiser while researching her documentary on the 2008 presidential election, The Audacity of Democracy.

The Audacity of Democracy
The Audacity of Democracy is a 2009 American independent documentary film produced by Lorenda Starfelt and directed by Brad Mays for LightSong Films in North Hollywood. The film, which was shot in New York City, Washington, D.C.; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas and Austin, Texas; and Denver, Colorado is an in-depth look at the P.U.M.A. (People United Means Action) movement in general and one of its most controversial leaders, Darragh Murphy, in particular.
Photo-text art
Photo-text, also written as photo/text, is a hybrid form of artistic expression that combines photography and textual elements to convey a message or create a narrative. This combination allows for a multi-dimensional experience for the viewer.

Notable examples of photo-text art include Martha Rosler's The Bowery in two inadequate descriptive systems (1974/75); David Askevold's Muse Extracts, exhibited at Documenta 6 in 1977; Carrie Mae Weems' Family Pictures and Stories (1983); Lorna Simpson's installation Guarded Conditions (1989); and Martha Wilson's I have become my own worst fear, first presented in 2011.

The summer photography festival Rencontres d'Arles gives a Photo-Text Book Award at each annual event.

David Askevold
David Askevold (30 March 1940 – 23 January 2008) was born in Montana and was an experimental artist who lived in Nova Scotia.

Askevold studied art and anthropology at the University of Montana. In 1963, he won a Max Beckmann Scholarship to study painting for a year at the Brooklyn Museum Art School in New York. In 1966, he enrolled at the Kansas City Art Institute to complete a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, in Sculpture. Askevold went to Halifax and joined the faculty of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design in 1968, where he worked on and off until 1992.
Hierarchy (TV series)
Hierarchy (Korean: 하이라키) is a 2024 South Korean teen romance television series written by Chu Hye-mi, directed by Bae Hyeon-jin, and starring Roh Jeong-eui, Lee Chae-min, Kim Jae-won, Ji Hye-won, and Lee Won-jung. The story is set in Jooshin High School, which prides itself on providing the best high-quality education service in South Korea and where the top 0.01% of children gather. It was released on Netflix on June 7, 2024, and received generally negative reviews.

Ji Hye-won
Ji Hye-won (Korean: 지혜원; born March 30, 1998) is a South Korean actress. She is known for her roles in dramas such as It's Okay to Not Be Okay (2020), The Sound of Magic (2022), My Perfect Stranger (2023),  and Hierarchy (2024).
Josh Rock
Joshua Christopher Daniel Rock (born 13 April 2001) is a Northern Irish professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number nine; he reached a peak ranking of world number eight in 2025 and 2026. Nicknamed "Rocky", he won the PDC World Cup of Darts in 2025, representing Northern Ireland alongside Daryl Gurney. Rock has also won 5 PDC ranking titles, including the 2024 Dutch Darts Championship on the European Tour.

In his youth career, Rock found success in the PDC's youth system, most notably winning the PDC World Youth Championship in 2022. He also won five titles on the 2022 PDC Development Tour. He threw his first televised nine-dart finish at the 2022 Grand Slam of Darts in his match against Michael van Gerwen. In 2025, Rock reached the semi-finals of the UK Open, World Matchplay, and the World Series Finals.

Jonny Clayton
Jonny Clayton (born 4 October 1974) is a Welsh professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events, where he is ranked world number five. Nicknamed "the Ferret", he won four PDC major singles titles in 2021: the Masters, Premier League, World Series Finals, and World Grand Prix. He has also won the PDC World Cup of Darts on two occasions in 2020 and 2023, representing Wales alongside Gerwyn Price; he has won a total of 17 PDC titles in his professional career, including three European Tour titles.

He has reached the quarter-finals in the 2023 and 2026 editions of the PDC World Darts Championship.
Elizabeth Hesselblad
Maria Elizabeth Hesselblad, OSsS (4 June 1870 – 24 April 1957), was a Swedish Catholic religious sister who founded a new, active, branch of the Bridgettines known as the Bridgettine Sisters. Hesselblad is recognised as a Righteous Among the Nations due to her efforts in World War II saving the lives of Jews during the genocide of the Holocaust.

Pope John Paul II beatified her on 9 April 2000 and Pope Francis canonised her 5 June 2016 at Saint Peter's Square.

Righteous Among the Nations
Righteous Among the Nations (Hebrew: חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם ḥasidei ummot ha'olam) is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe all of the non-Jews who, out of altruism, risked their lives in order to save Jews from being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. The term originates from the concept of ger toshav, a legal term used to refer to non-Jewish observers of the Seven Laws of Noah.

Recent research has complicated dominant historical narratives about rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. The vast majority of rescue was enabled by the exchange of money, goods, or services, while many survivors concealed complicating facts in applications of Yad Vashem.
Ron Mercer
Ronald Eugene Mercer (born May 18, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player. After his career at the University of Kentucky, Mercer played for several teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA); he ended his career with the New Jersey Nets in 2005.

Antoine Walker
Antoine Devon Walker (born August 12, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player. He was drafted with the sixth overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft out of the University of Kentucky and played in the NBA from 1996 to 2008. Walker played for the Boston Celtics, Dallas Mavericks, Atlanta Hawks, Miami Heat, Minnesota Timberwolves, the BSN's Mets de Guaynabo and the NBA D-League's Idaho Stampede before retiring from basketball in 2012. Walker, a three-time NBA All-Star, won an NCAA championship with Kentucky in 1996 and an NBA championship with the Heat in 2006.
2017 Cleveland mayoral election
The 2017 Cleveland mayoral election took place on November 7, 2017, to elect the Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio. The election was officially nonpartisan, with the top two candidates from the September 12 primary election advancing to the general election, regardless of party. Incumbent Democratic Mayor Frank G. Jackson won reelection to a fourth term.

Frank G. Jackson
Frank George Jackson (born October 4, 1946) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 57th Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 2006 to 2022.  He was first elected on November 8, 2005, unseating incumbent Jane Campbell, and re-elected in 2009, 2013, and 2017. Having served four full terms, he is the longest-serving mayor in Cleveland history. On May 6, 2021, he announced he would not seek re-election in 2021.
Carmel Woods, California
Carmel Woods is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. It is located adjoining the northern city limits of Carmel-by-the-Sea and adjacent to Pebble Beach. Carmel Woods was laid out in 1922 by developer Samuel F. B. Morse (1885–1969). It included a 25-acre (0.10 km2) subdivision with 119 building lots. Carmel Woods was one of three major land developments adjacent to the Carmel city limits between 1922 and 1925. The other two were the Hatton Fields, a 233 acres (94 ha) between the eastern town limit and Highway 1, and the Walker Tract to the south, which was 216 acres (87 ha) of the Martin Ranch called The Point.

Carmel Point, California
Carmel Point also known as the Point and formerly called Point Loeb and Reamer's Point, is an unincorporated community in Monterey County, California, United States. It is a cape located at the southern city limits of Carmel-by-the-Sea and offers views of Carmel Bay, the mouth of Carmel River, and Point Lobos. Carmel Point was one of three major land developments adjacent to the Carmel city limits between 1922 and 1925. The other two were Hatton Fields, 233 acres (94 ha) between the eastern town limit and Highway 1, and Carmel Woods, 125 acres (51 ha) tract on the north side.
Roger Lloyd-Pack
Roger Anthony Lloyd Pack (8 February 1944 – 16 January 2014) was a British actor. He is best known for playing Trigger in Only Fools and Horses from 1981 to 2003, and Owen Newitt in The Vicar of Dibley from 1994 to 2007. He later starred as Tom in The Old Guys with Clive Swift. He is also well known for the role of Bartemius Crouch in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and for his appearances in Doctor Who as John Lumic in the episodes "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Age of Steel".

The Age of Steel
"The Age of Steel" is the sixth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 May 2006 and is the second part of a two-part story. The first part, "Rise of the Cybermen", was broadcast on 13 May.

The episode is set in London in a parallel universe. In the episode, the businessman John Lumic (Roger Lloyd-Pack) has overthrown Great Britain's government and taken over London. A human resistance movement seeks to stop Lumic's plan to convert humanity into Cybermen by destroying Lumic's transmitter controlling London's population.
Mir Bacha Kot District
Mir Bacha Kot District is one of the districts of Kabul Province in Afghanistan. Its administrative center is the town of Mir Bacha Kot. The district is located in the central part of the province and has an estimated population of 64,434 people as of September 2025. Majority are ethnic Tajiks followed by Pashtuns.

Mir Bacha Kot District is about 37 km (23 mi) to the north of Kabul. It borders Guldara and Kalakan districts to the north, Deh Sabz District to the east, and Shakardara District to the west. Its administrative center is Mir Bacha Kot village, which is located in the central part of the district, 25 km (16 mi) north of Kabul. The district was almost fully destroyed during the war and now is undergoing a rebuilding process. The main source of income is  agriculture.

Mir Bacha Kot
Mir Bacha Kot is a village and a market in the center of Mir Bacha Kot District, Kabul Province, Afghanistan. It is located at 34°44′48″N 69°06′59″E﻿ / ﻿34.7467°N 69.1164°E﻿ / 34.7467; 69.1164 at 1,690 m altitude, 25 km north of Kabul. The village infrastructure was destroyed during the war.
The name “Mir Bacha Kot” was given after the well known Sadat “Ghazi Mir Bacha Khan Kohdamani” a well known military commander who led the Tajiks of Shamali (North of Kabul) against the British in the second Anglo-Afghan war. Since Ghazi Mir Bacha Khan Kohdamani is the most important historical figure from Saraai Khwaja(old name of Mir Bacha Kot District), The people of this district decided to rename the district to “Mir Bacha Kot”.
Ocean Beach Railway
The Ocean Beach Railway (OBR) is a heritage railway that operates in Dunedin, New Zealand.  It is located between John Wilson Drive in the suburb of Saint Kilda and sports grounds near Forbury Park Raceway, and runs parallel with the city's main beach, Ocean Beach. This is near where the Ocean Beach Branch once ran, but not on the same formation.

The OBR can claim a couple of notable distinctions.  The first is that it was the first organisation to preserve a steam locomotive in New Zealand with the intention of operating it. The second is that it was the first operating heritage railway in New Zealand, with the first train running in 1963.

Ocean Beach, Otago
Ocean Beach (Māori: Whakahekerau) is a long sandy beach which runs along the Pacific Ocean coast of south Dunedin, New Zealand. It stretches for some three kilometres from St Clair in the southwest along the coast of St Kilda to the foot of Lawyers Head in the east. The beach is a popular recreation area for swimming, surfing, and walking.
We Are Young Money
We Are Young Money is the first compilation album by American hip hop record label Young Money Entertainment, released on December 21, 2009. The album garnered a positive reception but critics were divided on the quality of the label's choice of artists. We Are Young Money debuted at number 9 on the Billboard 200 and spawned four singles: "Every Girl", "BedRock", "Steady Mobbin" and "Roger That". The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales of over 1,000,000 copies in the United States.

Every Girl (Young Money song)
"Every Girl" (album version titled "Every Girl in the World") is a song by rap group Young Money released as the first single from their debut collaboration album titled We Are Young Money. It was legally released to the iTunes Store on June 11, 2009. Young Money Entertainment rappers Lil Wayne, Drake, Jae Millz, Gudda Gudda, and Mack Maine perform on the track. The video was shot on February 13, 2009, and was released on April 6. The song was leaked to the internet on January 28, 2009, just a day after "Prom Queen" was officially released.

A few lines of "Every Girl" are recycled from an unreleased song by Lil Wayne and Mack Maine titled "Throw It Back", which was produced by Kane Beatz. AutoTune can be heard.
Max Simonet
Maxime Simonet is a Franco-American writer, producer, editor, and voice actor for various shows who is best known for co-creating and hosting the internet talk show FishCenter Live, co-creating and starring in Tender Touches, and for creating and starring in Gēmusetto, all for Adult Swim. He is also the creator of Gilbert Garfield, an alternate reality game and web series hosted on YouTube.

Tender Touches
Tender Touches is an American adult animated series created by David Bonawits, Lauren Payne and Maxime Simonet for Cartoon Network's nighttime programming block Adult Swim. It aired from December 18, 2017 to June 19, 2020.
Secret Headquarters
Secret Headquarters is a 2022 American superhero comedy film directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman, who co-wrote the movie with Christopher L. Yost and Josh Koenigsberg, based on a story by Yost. Starring Owen Wilson, Walker Scobell, Jesse Williams, Keith L. Williams, Momona Tamada, Abby James Witherspoon, Kezii Curtis, Charles Melton, and Michael Peña, the plot follows a child (Scobell) and his friends (K. L. Williams, Tamada, Witherspoon and Curtis) who begins to suspect his father (Wilson) might be a superhero after discovering a secret headquarters in his basement.

The film premiered at the Signature Theater in Arlington, Virginia on August 8, 2022, and was released in the United States on August 12, 2022, on Paramount+. The film received generally mixed reviews from critics.

Henry Joost
Henry Joost (born October 30, 1982) is an American filmmaker, whose work includes directing, with Ariel Schulman, the films Catfish, Paranormal Activity 3, Paranormal Activity 4, Nerve and Project Power. Henry is married to actress Sofia Black-D'Elia.
Doctrine of separation
The doctrine of separation, also known as the doctrine of non-fellowship, is a belief among some Protestant religious groups, such as the Exclusive Brethren, Independent Fundamental Baptists, and Bible Baptist churches, that the members of a church should be separate from "the world" and not have association with those who are "of the world".

Independent Baptist
Independent Baptist churches (also called Independent Fundamental Baptists or IFB) are Christian congregations that generally hold to fundamentalist or conservative views of evangelical Christianity and Baptist beliefs, such as believer's baptism, individual soul liberty, and the priesthood of all believers.

The term "independent" refers to the doctrinal position of church autonomy and a refusal to join any affiliated Baptist denominations or non-Baptist association, though they usually maintain some sort of fellowship with like-minded churches. As fundamentalists, these churches are strongly opposed to the ecumenical movement.

Around 3% of the United States adult population belongs to the IFB movement, half of whom live in the Southern United States.
Smilla Sundell
Smilla Sundell (born 12 November 2004) is a Swedish Muay Thai kickboxer. She competed in ONE Championship, where she was the former ONE Women's Strawweight Muay Thai World Champion.

On 22 April 2022 Sundell became the youngest person to ever win a world title in Muay Thai by defeating Jackie Buntan to win the inaugural ONE Women's Strawweight Championship at 17 years and 5 months. As of April 2024, she is ranked as the number two female featherweight (57.153 kg) Muay Thai contender in the world by the WBC Muaythai.

Allycia Rodrigues
Allycia Hellen Rodrigues (born May 18, 1998) is a Brazilian Muay Thai kickboxer. She currently competes for ONE Championship, where she is the current ONE Atomweight Muay Thai World Champion. As of July 2025, she is ranked as the number one female super bantamweight Muay Thai contender in the world by the WBC Muaythai.
First Growth
First Growth (French: Premier Cru) status is a classification of wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France.

The wines considered “best of the best” are assigned the rank of Premier Cru, with only five wines, Château Lafite Rothschild, Château Margaux, Château Haut-Brion, Château Latour, and Château Mouton Rothschild rated “First Growth”.

Château Haut-Brion
Château Haut-Brion (French: [ʃɑto obʁijɔ̃]) is  a French wine estate of Bordeaux wine, rated a Premier Grand Cru Classé  (First Growth), located in Pessac just outside the city of Bordeaux. It differs from the other wines on the list in its geographic location in the north of the wine-growing region of Graves. Of the five first growths, it is the only wine with the Pessac-Léognan appellation and is in some sense the ancestor of a classification that remains the benchmark to this day.

In addition to the grand vin (LWIN 1011247), Haut-Brion produces a red second wine.  Formerly named Château Bahans Haut-Brion, beginning with the 2007 vintage, it was renamed Le Clarence de Haut Brion (LWIN 1008153).  The vineyard also produces a dry white wine named Château Haut-Brion Blanc (LWIN 1017092), with a limited release of the second dry white wine, Les Plantiers du Haut-Brion, renamed La Clarté de Haut-Brion for the 2008 vintage.
NKVD Order No. 00689
NKVD Order № 00689 partially recalled the NKVD Order № 00486 about "traitor of Motherland family members".

As an element of the rollback of Yezhovshchina, the order (signed by Lavrenty Beria on October 17, 1938) instructed to arrest only those wives who were informed about the counter-revolutionary activity of their husbands or there was information about their "political untrustworthy and socially dangerous attitudes or utterances". The requirement of simultaneous arrests was also reversed. The implementation for those not relieved by this order remained the same.

Full text for 00689 in Russian language

Family members of a traitor to the Motherland
"Traitor to the Motherland family members" (Russian: ЧСИР: члены семьи изменника Родины, romanized: ChSIR: chleny sem'i izmennika Rodiny, lit. 'members of the family of a traitor of the Motherland') was a term in Article 58 of the Criminal Code of Russian SFSR (as amended on 8 June 1934 from the original wording of 1927). The amended article dealt with the criminal prosecution of wives and children (kin punishment) of all people who were arrested and convicted as "traitors of the Motherland" in the Soviet Union during Stalinist purges of the 1930s and later.
Crider Creek
Crider Creek is a stream in Osage and Gasconade counties of central Missouri.

The stream headwaters in southeast Osage County are at 38°18′26″N 91°41′35″W﻿ / ﻿38.30722°N 91.69306°W﻿ / 38.30722; -91.69306 and the confluence with Third Creek in southwest Gasconade County is at 38°24′52″N 91°38′40″W﻿ / ﻿38.41444°N 91.64444°W﻿ / 38.41444; -91.64444.

Crider Creek has the name of the local Crider family.

Third Creek
Third Creek is a stream in Gasconade and Osage counties of central Missouri. It is a tributary of the Gasconade River.

The stream headwaters are in Gasconade County at 38°21′47″N 91°29′33″W﻿ / ﻿38.36306°N 91.49250°W﻿ / 38.36306; -91.49250 and the confluence with the Gasconade is in Osage County at 38°25′54″N 91°40′02″W﻿ / ﻿38.43167°N 91.66722°W﻿ / 38.43167; -91.66722. The stream source is just west of Missouri Route 19 north of Owensville. The stream flows northwest past Old Woollam and, after passing under Missouri Routes P and A, it gains the flow of its southern tributary Crider Creek, and enters Osage County about 1.5 mile before it joins the Gasconade at Cooper Hill.

Third Creek was named for the fact it is the third in order of tributaries on the Gasconade River from the nearby Missouri River.
Middle of the Road (band)
Middle of the Road are a Scottish pop group who have enjoyed success across Europe and Latin America since the 1970s. Before ABBA established themselves in the mid-'70s, Middle of the Road were the sound of early Europop with their distinctive harmonies and lead vocals from Sally Carr. Four of their singles sold over one million copies each, and received a gold disc: "Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep". "Sacramento", "Tweedle Dee, Tweedle Dum" and "Soley Soley". By early 1972 the group had sold over five million records.

Chirpy Chirpy Cheep Cheep
"Chirpy Chirpy, Cheep Cheep" is a song recorded in 1970 by its composer Lally Stott, and made popular in 1971 by Scottish band Middle of the Road, for whom it was a UK #1 chart hit. That version is one of fewer than fifty singles to have sold more than ten million physical copies worldwide.