hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
President of Rhodesia
The president of Rhodesia was the head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979. As Rhodesia reckoned itself a parliamentary republic rather than a presidential republic at the time, the president's post was almost entirely ceremonial, and the real power continued to be vested in Rhodesia's prime minister, Ian Smith. Two individuals held the office of president, while two others served as acting presidents. Most were of British descent, but Clifford Dupont, the longest-serving, was of Huguenot stock.

As with Rhodesia itself, the position lacked international recognition for the entire period.

Rhodesia was internationally recognised as a British colony until 1980.

Governor of Southern Rhodesia
The governor of Southern Rhodesia was the representative of the British monarch in the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia from 1923 to 1980. The governor was appointed by the Crown and acted as the local head of state, receiving instructions from the British government.

Rhodesia's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence resulted in the Rhodesian government ceasing to recognise the authority of the governor, and the 1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum resulted in Rhodesia declaring itself a republic, independent from the British monarchy. Britain still considered the territory its colony and continued to maintain the office, albeit allowing it be vacant from 1969–1979. Following the Lancaster House Agreement the office was filled from December 1979 until April 1980 whereupon Britain formally recognised the territory as the independent republic of Zimbabwe, and the office of governor was thereafter abolished.
N12 (South Africa)
The N12 is a national route in South Africa which runs from George through Beaufort West, Kimberley, Klerksdorp and Johannesburg to eMalahleni.

It is the only other National Route after the N1 route that connects the Western Cape Province with the Gauteng Province. Prior to 1971, the N12 from Johannesburg to Three Sisters was known as the N13.

George, South Africa
George is a city in South Africa, and the second largest city in the Western Cape province. The city is a popular holiday and conference centre, as well as the administrative and commercial hub and the seat of the Garden Route District Municipality. It is named after the British Monarch George III.

The city is situated roughly halfway between Cape Town and Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) on the Garden Route. It is situated on a 10-kilometre plateau between the Outeniqua Mountains to the north and the Indian Ocean to the south. The former township of Pacaltsdorp, now a fully incorporated suburb, lies to the south.

George is well-known for being the burial place of former South African Prime Minister and President P. W. Botha.
Denair, California
Denair is a census-designated place (CDP) in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 4,865 at the 2020 census, up from 4,404 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Stanislaus County, California
Stanislaus County (/ˈstænɪslɔː(s)/ ⓘ STAN-iss-law(ss); Spanish: Condado de Estanislao) is a county located in the San Joaquin Valley of the U.S. state of California. As of 2023, its estimated population  is 564,404. The county seat is Modesto.

Stanislaus County makes up the Modesto metropolitan statistical area. The county is located just east of the San Francisco Bay Area and serves as a bedroom community for those who work in the eastern part of the Bay Area.
One Man Band Man
One Man Band Man is the debut studio album by American producer and rapper Swizz Beatz, released on August 21, 2007, through Full Surface Records and Universal Motown Records. The album features guest appearances from Drag-On, Lil Wayne, R. Kelly, Jadakiss, and Snoop Dogg, while production was handled by Swizz Beatz himself, the Individualz, Needlz, Nottz, Snags, Neo Da Matrix, Eric McCaine and Young World Music.

One Man Band Man was preceded by the singles "It's Me Bitches" and "Money in the Bank", both of which entered the latter 20 Billboard Hot 100 slots. Upon release, the album was met with commercial success and peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200, although critical responses were mixed. Its third single, "Top Down", was released the following month, and failed to enter any chart.

Money in the Bank (Swizz Beatz song)
"Money in the Bank" is a song by American producer and rapper Swizz Beatz, released May 29, 2007 as the second single from his debut studio album One Man Band Man (2007). The song contains an interpolation to essentially a whole verse from Eric B. & Rakim's song "Eric B. Is President." The song was also featured in the final dance sequence in the 2008 film Step Up 2: The Streets.
Mode locking
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser, for example, in modern refractive surgery. The basis of the technique is to induce a fixed phase relationship between the longitudinal modes of the laser's resonant cavity. Constructive interference between these modes can cause the laser light to be produced as a train of pulses. The laser is then said to be "phase-locked" or "mode-locked".

Longitudinal mode
A longitudinal mode of a resonant cavity is a particular standing wave pattern formed by waves confined in the cavity. The longitudinal modes correspond to the wavelengths of the wave which are reinforced by constructive interference after many reflections from the cavity's reflecting surfaces. All other wavelengths are suppressed by destructive interference.

A longitudinal mode pattern has its nodes located axially along the length of the cavity. Transverse modes, with nodes located perpendicular to the axis of the cavity, may also exist.
Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII?
Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII? (Spanish: ¿Dónde vas, Alfonso XII?) is a 1959 Spanish historical drama film directed by Luis César Amadori and starring Paquita Rico and Vicente Parra. It portrays the romance between Alfonso XII of Spain and his wife Maria de las Mercedes. Their marriage only lasted five months and three days before the 18-year-old queen died of typhoid fever.

The film was followed by a sequel Alfonso XII and María Cristina the following year.

Alfonso XII and María Cristina
Alfonso XII and María Cristina or Where Are You Going, Sad Man? (Spanish: ¿Dónde vas triste de ti?) is a 1960 Spanish historical drama film directed by Alfonso Balcázar and Guillermo Cases and starring Vicente Parra and Marga López as Alfonso XII of Spain and his second wife Maria Christina of Austria.

The film is the sequel to Where Are You Going, Alfonso XII? with Vicente Parra, José Marco Davó and Tomás Blanco reprising their roles from the previous film as Alfonso XII, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and the Duque de Sesto respectively. María Fernanda Ladrón de Guevara replaced Mercedes Vecino as Isabella II.

Similar in style to the German Sissi film series, it was very popular but led to Vicente Parra's typecasting.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Enrique Alarcón.
Dakota Rail Regional Trail
The Dakota Rail Trail runs 28.1 miles (42.6 km) from Wayzata to Lester Prairie, Minnesota. It is on part of the former track bed of the Hutchinson Spur of the Great Northern Railway. The railway line helped bring wheat and raw materials from Central Minnesota to the flour mills, factories and warehouses in Minneapolis from 1885 until 2001. The railway line, from which there are views of the countryside, was also designed to bring tourists to the communities on Lake Minnetonka in the late 1880s.

The rail trail heads west from Wayzata. The first 13 miles are in Hennepin County, Minnesota, and the next 13.5 miles are in Carver County, Minnesota.  Along the way it runs through many towns, including Spring Park and St. Bonifacius.

Wayzata, Minnesota
Wayzata (/waɪˈzɛtə/ wy-ZET-ə) is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,434 at the 2020 census. A suburb of the Twin Cities, Wayzata is located about 9 miles (14 km) west of Minneapolis along the northern shore of Lake Minnetonka, the state's ninth-largest lake.

Nicknamed "The Gateway to Lake Minnetonka," Wayzata is known for its upscale shopping and restaurant district along the lakeshore. Given its relative proximity to Minneapolis, the city is frequented by boaters, sailors, and visitors during the summer months.
John A. Henderson
John Alexander Henderson (December 21, 1841 – August 10, 1904) was a corporate lawyer and politician in Florida. He was an early resident of Tampa, the brother of William Benton Henderson. He studied law under James Gettis, who raised him after the death of his father. During the Civil War, Henderson was in Gettis's company, Company B of the 7th Florida Infantry. He was elected mayor of Tampa in 1870.

In 1876, he moved to Tallahassee. His second wife was the daughter of G. T. Ward. He served as general consul for the Florida Central & Peninsular Railroad Company. He was a trustee of the West Florida Seminary, and his daughter Jennie married Albert A. Murphree. He taught law to William Himes. He was a state senator. William D. Bloxham appointed him a US Senator when Wilkinson Call's term expired.

James Gettis
James Gettis (May 4, 1816 – December 14, 1867) was a lawyer and judge in Tampa, Florida. He was the second lawyer in Tampa. Gettis was also a city councilman, and state representative, and the first town clerk.

Originally from Pennsylvania, Gettis came to Tampa in 1848. He promoted the development of Tampa and sought to bring rail service to the area.

An ardent Confederate secessionist during the Civil War, he attended Florida's Secession Convention and signed the Ordinance of Secession, and was the hero of the Battle of Tampa.
Jack Harvey (racing driver)
Jack Joseph Murray Harvey (born 15 April 1993) is a British auto racing driver and pit reporter who competes part-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet for Dreyer & Reinbold Racing with Cusick Motorsports. He is a former member of McLaren's Young Driver Programme.

Cusick Motorsports
Cusick Morgan Motorsports is an American auto racing organization competing in the NTT IndyCar Series and Indy NXT. They have previously competed in the IMSA and the IMSA SportsCar Championship.

Past Cusick Morgan Motorsports entrants have had Stefan Wilson, in conjunction with DragonSpeed and A. J. Foyt Enterprises. In IMSA past entries included the #99 Porsche 911 GT3 R for Rob Ferriol, Katherine Legge, Wilson and Nick Boulle, in conjunction with Team Hardpoint.
Manus O'Donnell (died 1600)
Manus O'Donnell (Irish: Maghnas Ó Domhnaill; c. 1579 – October 1600) was an Irish nobleman and member of the O'Donnell dynasty.

Manus was born c. 1579, the third son of Hugh McManus O'Donnell, Irish Gaelic Lord of Tyrconnell, and his second wife Iníon Dubh. Manus had two older brothers, Hugh Roe and Rory, and a younger brother Cathbarr. He also had several sisters – Nuala, Mary and Margaret.

Manus was wounded by his loyalist cousin Niall Garve O'Donnell during the Battle of Lifford. He was brought back to Donegal, where he died. He was buried in Donegal Abbey.

Caffar O'Donnell
Caffar O'Donnell (Irish: Cathbharr Ó Domhnaill; Latinised Calfurnius; c. 1583 – 15 September 1608) was an Irish nobleman of the O'Donnell clan of Tyrconnell. The youngest brother of Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Caffar fought for the Irish confederacy in the Nine Years' War.

In 1605 he married Rosa O'Doherty, sister of Cahir O'Doherty. Caffar took part in the Flight of the Earls in September 1607, leaving Ireland for mainland Europe. He settled in Rome but shortly afterwards died of a fever, aged 25. He is buried in San Pietro in Montorio, beside his older brother Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell.
Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles
The men's 110 metres hurdles at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain took place on 2 and 3 August 1992. Thirty-nine athletes from 27 nations competed. The maximum number of athletes per nation had been set at 3 since the 1930 Olympic Congress. The event was won by Mark McKoy of Canada, the nation's second title in the event and first since 1920. It broke a two-Games streak of American victories.

Mark McKoy
Mark Anthony McKoy (born December 10, 1961) is a Canadian retired track and field athlete. He won the gold medal for the 110 metres hurdles at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. He won the 60 metres hurdles title at the 1993 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the 110 metres hurdles titles at the Commonwealth Games in 1982 and 1986. He is the World record holder for the 50 metres hurdles with 6.25 secs (1986), he is also the Canadian record holder for the 60 metres hurdles with 7.41 secs (1993) and the 110 metres hurdles with 13.08 secs (1993).
Jim Nahrgang
James Herbert Nahrgang (born April 17, 1951) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach who played 57 games in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings between 1975 and 1977. After his playing career he coached Michigan Tech for three years between 1982 and 1985. He was born in Millbank, Ontario.

Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey
The Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey team is an NCAA Division I college ice hockey program that represents Michigan Technological University. The Huskies are a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA). They play at the MacInnes Student Ice Arena in Houghton, Michigan.

The Huskies host and compete in the annual Great Lakes Invitational held in December of each year. The four-team tournament was played for the 50th year in 2014.
Tunku Besar Burhanuddin
Tunku Besar Burhanuddin ibni Almarhum Yamtuan Antah CMG (22 September 1878 – 5 July 1961) was a member of the Negeri Sembilan royal family and once served as regent of Negeri Sembilan. His father was Yamtuan Antah ibni Yamtuan RadIn, who served as the 6th Yamtuan Besar (now known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan) from 1869 to 1888. Tunku Burhanuddin's elder brother, Tuanku Muhammad became the 7th Yamtuan Besar and the first to use the title Yang di-Pertuan Besar upon Yamtuan Antah's death.

Tunku Puan Besar Kurshiah
Tunku Puan Besar Hajah Kurshiah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin (Jawi: تونكو ڤوان بسر حاجه قرشية بنت المرحوم تونكو بسر برهان الدين; 16 May 1911 – 2 February 1999) was the Tunku Ampuan Besar or Queen of Negeri Sembilan. She also served as the first Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaya between 1957 and 1960.

Tunku Kurshiah's sister, Tunku Durah married her stepson Tuanku Munawir Ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman and succeeded her as Tunku Ampuan Besar in 1960.
1930 North Izu earthquake
The 1930 North Izu earthquake (1930年北伊豆地震, Sen-kyūhyaku-sanjū-nen Kita-Izu Jishin) occurred on November 26 at 04:02 local time. The epicenter was located in the northern Izu Peninsula, Japan. It had a magnitude of Ms 7.3, and was caused by the movement of the Tanna Fault (丹那断層).

Tanna Fault
Tanna Fault (丹那断層, Tanna Dansō) is a left lateral strike-slip fault which runs along the northeast side of Izu Peninsula south 30 km to Izu City in Japan.  It was responsible for the magnitude 7.0 1930 North Izu earthquake (北伊豆地震).
1789 Conspiracy
The 1789 Conspiracy was a plot in Sweden in 1789, with the purpose of deposing Gustav III of Sweden, and placing his brother Charles XIII of Sweden on the throne. The plot was instigated by a group of conspirators at the royal court, consisting, among others, of the king's sister-in-law, Charles' spouse Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, the king's youngest brother Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland, and Charles' favorite Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm. The plot was influenced by the opposition of the nobility against Gustav III because of the Union and Security Act during the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790), and the plan was to convince Charles to act as the central figure and symbol of this opposition. The plot was discontinued because Charles, when informed, refused to participate in it. The plot was never officially exposed and did not result in any legal action.

Union and Security Act
The Union and Security Act (Swedish: Förenings- och säkerhetsakten, Finnish: Yhdistys- ja vakuuskirja), alternatively Act of Union and Security, was proposed by King Gustav III of Sweden to the assembled Estates of the Realm during the Riksdag of 1789. It was a document, adding to the Swedish Constitution of 1772 new provisions. The King strengthened his grip on power while at the same time riding on a popular wave that also meant a decrease in aristocratic power. It has been described as "fundamentally conservative".
Ukrainian landing ship Konstantin Olshansky
Konstantin Olshansky (Ukrainian: Костянтин Ольшанський), formerly known as BDK-56 (Russian: БДК-56), is a Project 775 (NATO reporting name: Ropucha-I-class) large landing ship of the Ukrainian Navy. The ship was built in Poland, launched in 1985 and initially served in the Soviet Navy where the vessel was renamed after Soviet Naval Infantry officer Konstantin Olshansky. The landing ship was transferred to Ukraine in 1996. On 24 March 2014, the ship was captured by Russian forces during the annexation of Crimea.

Konstantin Olshansky
Konstantin Fyodorovich Olshansky (Russian: Константин Фёдорович Ольшанский, Ukrainian: Костянтин Федорович Ольшанський, romanized: Kostiantyn Fedorovych Olshanskyi; 21 May 1915 – 27 March 1944) was a Senior Lieutenant and Soviet marine of the Black Sea Fleet, born in Prykolotne, Ukraine. He died during an assault on the port of Mykolaiv, Ukraine, formerly Nikolaev, occupied in World War II by German forces, and was posthumously awarded Hero of the Soviet Union.
Yuri Fedotov
Yury Viktorovich Fedotov (Russian: Юрий Викторович Федотов, 14 December 1947 – 16 June 2022) was a Russian diplomat. From 2010 to 2019 he served as executive director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and director-general of the United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV) with the rank of Under-Secretary-General, after having previously served as the Ambassador of Russia to the United Kingdom.

Fedotov graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1971. He has held many foreign service positions to the UN and worked at Soviet embassies in Algeria and India.

In 2002 he became the Russian Federation's Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs and held this post until 2005. From 2005 until 2010 he was Ambassador of Russia to the Court of St. James's.

Fedotov died in Austria on 16 June 2022, at the age of 74.

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna, adopting the current name in 2002.

The agency's focus is the trafficking and abuse of illicit drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. In 2022–23, it had an estimated biannual budget of US$822 million.
Spokesong
Spokesong, or The Common Wheel, usually shortened to Spokesong, is a play with music. It uses a script and lyrics by Stewart Parker and music by Jimmy Kennedy. The song "Daisy Bell" by Harry Dacre is also sung numerous times during the show. While labeled as a play, theatre scholar Thomas Hischak asserts that this work is difficult to categorize; writing "it was almost a musical, yet it used the songs in a very Brechtian manner". It premiered at the Dublin Theatre Festival in 1975, and was subsequently staged in the West End in London in 1977 and on Broadway in 1979. Parker won the 1976 Standard Theatre Award for Most Promising Playwright for his work on Spokesong. Actor Joseph Maher was nominated for a Tony Award for his performance as The Trick Cyclist in the New York production.

Joseph Maher
Joseph Sylvester Maher (29 December 1933 – 17 July 1998) was an Irish actor, playwright, and occasional theatre director. He was best known for his roles in the comedies of Joe Orton. He received three Tony Award nominations for his roles in the plays Spokesong, Night and Day, and Loot, with the last winning him a Drama Desk Award. His other accolades included an Obie Award and a Laurence Olivier Award nomination.
Jon Rudnitsky
Jon Rudnitsky (born November 22, 1989) is an American comedian and actor. First breaking through as a performer with the Los Angeles comedy troupe The Groundlings, Rudnitsky garnered widespread attention for his brief stint as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live during the show's 41st season between 2015 and 2016. Since his departure from SNL, he has also played McWatt in the 2019 miniseries Catch-22.

Saturday Night Live season 41
The forty-first season of the NBC comedy series Saturday Night Live premiered on October 3, 2015, during the 2015–2016 television season. The season premiered on October 3, 2015, with host & musical guest Miley Cyrus and concluded on May 21, 2016 with host Fred Armisen and musical guest Courtney Barnett.

Kate McKinnon won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work in this season.
Clinton Street Historic District
Clinton Street Historic District is a national historic district located in the Washington Square West neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It includes 71 brick rowhouses built between 1835 and 1850. They are between 3 1/2- and 4-stories and consist of the typical Philadelphia rowhouse plan with front building, piazza, and back building.  It was a fashionable residential section in the 19th century and home to such notable figures as architect Addison Hutton (1834–1916), Rt. Rev. William Bacon Stevens (1815-1887), and Agnes Repplier (1855-1950). Located in the district and separately listed is the J. Peter Lesley House at 1008 Clinton Street.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

J. Peter Lesley House
The J. Peter Lesley House is a historic row house at 1008 Clinton Street in the Washington Square neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.  A National Historic Landmark, it was for 27 years the home of John Peter Lesley (1819–1903), one of the leading geologists of the second half of the 19th century.  The house is a private residence, and is not open to the public.
Warren Bonython
Charles Warren Bonython AO (11 September 1916 – 2 April 2012) was an Australian conservationist, explorer, author, and chemical engineer.  A keen bushwalker, he is perhaps best known for his role, spanning many years, of working towards the promotion, planning and eventual creation of the Heysen Trail. His work in conservation has been across a range of issues, but especially those connected with South Australian arid landscapes.

Heysen Trail
The Heysen Trail is a long distance walking trail in South Australia. It runs from Parachilna Gorge, in the Flinders Ranges via the Adelaide Hills to Cape Jervis on the Fleurieu Peninsula and is approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) in length.