hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
West Catasauqua, Pennsylvania
West Catasauqua is an unincorporated village in Whitehall Township in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. Once a port and station along the busy Lehigh Canal, it is colloquially known as West Catty. It is part of the Lehigh Valley, which has a population of 861,899 and is the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

It uses the Whitehall Zip Code of 18052, and is directly across the Lehigh River from the mouth of Catasauqua Creek, the site of the first successful anthracite iron producing North American blast furnaces in 1839.

Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania
Whitehall Township is a township with home rule status in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. The township's population was 29,173 as of the 2020 census.

Whitehall Township is a suburb of Allentown in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan region, which had a population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the U.S. as of the 2020 census.

The township is 4.4 miles (7.1 km) north of Allentown, 64.1 miles (103.2 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 93.7 miles (150.8 km) west of New York City.
Chet Grimsley
Chet L. Grimsley (born July 14, 1956) is an American football player. Grimsley was the first White-American student athlete from the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA). He joined the Groove Phi Groove Social Fellowship at Johnson C. Smith University, a historically black university (HBCU). In 1976, Grimsley received the M.V.P. Award and the Pettis Norman Award for football. Grimsley was also named to the First Team all-CIAA and received Eastern Airlines most valuable player all american. Grimsley was also the president of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Athlete of the Month at an HBCU.

Groove Phi Groove
Groove Phi Groove Social Fellowship, Inc. (GΦG) is an international African American social fellowship. It was founded in 1962 at Morgan State College (now Morgan State University) in Baltimore, Maryland as an alternative to mainstream historically black fraternities. As of 2022, it has chartered more than 200 college and graduate chapters.
Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu
Thaalam Thettiya Tharattu is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language legal drama film, directed by A. B. Raj and written by Cochin Haneefa. The film stars Menaka, Rajkumar, Lakshmi and Sankaradi. It is a remake of the Telugu film Nyayam Kavali.

Rajkumar Sethupathi
Rajkumar Sethupathy is an Indian actor who acts predominantly in Malayalam and Tamil films. He has acted in 50 movies in both Malayalam and Tamil films. He started his film career in the Tamil film Soolam, directed by M. Bhaskar, then with Mammootty in Thrishna, a 1981 Malayalam film. He acted in many films during the 1980s.
James Freeman (clergyman)
James Freeman (April 22, 1759 – November 14, 1835) was an American Unitarian clergyman and writer, "noteworthy as the first avowed preacher of Unitarianism in the United States". After graduating Harvard and becoming pastor of King's Chapel in Boston, Freeman's revised Book of Common Prayer was adopted by the congregation. This and Freeman's later ordination are credited as the origins of Unitarianism in New England. Later receiving a D.D. from Harvard Divinity School, he was also a founding member of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

Massachusetts Historical Society
The Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS) is a major historical archive specializing in early American, Massachusetts, and New England history. The Massachusetts Historical Society was established in 1791 and is located at 1154 Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts, and is the oldest historical society in the United States.

The society's building was constructed in 1899 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2016, the Boston Landmarks Commission designated it a Boston Landmark.
Donald Hinds
Donald Hinds  (13 January 1934 – 13 March 2023) was a Jamaican-born writer, journalist, historian and teacher. He is best known for his work on the West Indian Gazette and his fiction and non-fiction books portraying the West Indian community in Britain, particularly his 1966 work Journey to an Illusion, which has been called a groundbreaking book that "captured the plight of Commonwealth immigrants and foresaw the multicultural London of today".

West Indian Gazette
West Indian Gazette (WIG) (1958–1965) was a newspaper founded in March 1958 in Brixton, London, England, by Trinidadian communist & black nationalist activist Claudia Jones (1915–1964). The title as displayed on its masthead was subsequently expanded to West Indian Gazette And Afro-Asian Caribbean News. WIG is widely considered to have been Britain's first major commercial black newspaper. Jones, who originally worked on its development with Amy Ashwood Garvey, was its editor. WIG lasted until 1965, but always struggled financially, closing eight months and four editions after Claudia Jones's death.
Karsha Monastery
Karsha Monastery or Karsha Gompa is a Buddhist monastery in the Padum Valley of the Zanskar region of the union territory of Ladakh in northern India. The Doda River flows past the monastery from its source at the Drang Drung Glacier of the Pensi La (14,500 feet (4,400 m)). It was founded by the translator Phagspa Shesrab. The monastery, also known by the name Karsha Chamspaling, was founded by Phagspa Shesrab, under the Gelugpa Order or Yellow Hats. It is 11 km north of Padum in Zanskar River valley.

Zanskar
Zanskar, Zahar (locally) or Zangskar, is the southwestern region of Kargil district in the Indian union territory of Ladakh. The administrative centre of Zanskar is Padum. Zanskar, together with the rest of Ladakh, was briefly a part of the kingdom of Western Tibet called Ngari Khorsum. Zanskar lies 250 km south of Kargil City on NH301.

In August 2024, the Ministry of Home Affairs announced that Zanskar will become a district in Ladakh by 2028.
Leigh Bedwell
Leigh Andrew Bedwell (born 8 January 1994) is an English professional footballer who played for Swindon Town between 2012 and 2014 as a goalkeeper. After leaving Swindon Town, Bedwell dropped into non-league football with Banbury United and Didcot Town, for whom he signed in June 2015.

Wes Foderingham
Wesley Andrew Foderingham (born 14 January 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Cypriot First Division club Aris Limassol. He is a former England U19 international.

Foderingham was with Fulham and Crystal Palace as a young player, but did not make a league appearance for either club. After playing on loan for a number of non-league clubs, he signed for Swindon Town and made over 160 appearances in the Football League for the Wiltshire club. In July 2015, Foderingham signed a three-year contract with Scottish club Rangers upon being released by Swindon Town.
Yitzchak Mirilashvili
Yitzchak Mirilashvili (born Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Mirilashvili; Hebrew: יצחק מירילשוילי; born 1984) is an Israeli investor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is a co-founder of VK (Vkontakte.ru), Russia's largest social network. Mirilashvili lives in Israel, where he oversees his businesses as well as various charitable foundations and causes. Mirilashvili is the controlling shareholder of Israel's Channel 14 and in The economy channel.

VK (service)
VK (short for its original name VKontakte; Russian: ВКонтакте, lit. 'InContact') is a Russian online social media and social networking service based in Saint Petersburg. VK is available in multiple languages but it is predominantly used by Russian speakers. VK users can message each other publicly or privately, edit messages, create groups, public pages, and events; share and tag images, audio, and video; and play browser-based games.

As of August 2018, VK had at least 500 million accounts. As of November 2022, it was the sixth most popular website in Russia. The network was also popular in Ukraine until it was banned by the Supreme Council in 2017.

According to Semrush, in 2024, VK was the 30th most visited website in the world; as YouTube is subject to blocking in Russia, VK Video overtook Google's top position in monthly web traffic for the first time in December 2024, as part of the major substitution to domestic business.
Hunter River Railway Company
The Hunter River Railway Company was formed in 1853 to develop a railway from Newcastle to Maitland in New South Wales, Australia. When the company faced financial difficulties during construction, it was bought by the Government of New South Wales and the line subsequently opened in 1857. The line devised by the company is the oldest section of what became the Great Northern Railway from Sydney to Wallangarra on the Queensland border.

Main Northern railway line
The Main Northern railway line (also known as the Great Northern Railway) is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia, running from Strathfield in Sydney to Armidale.

The 1980s saw the line closed progressively north of Armidale; passenger services north of Tamworth were cancelled in 1990 but were reintroduced as far as the former two years later.

The Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor now branches off the Great Northern Railway after Maitland and follows the North Coast line.
Ultramicroelectrode
An ultramicroelectrode (UME) is a working electrode with a low surface area primarily used in voltammetry experiments.  The small size of UMEs limits mass transfer, which give them large diffusion layers and small overall currents at typical electrochemical potentials.  These features allow UMEs to achieve useful cyclic steady-state conditions at fast scan rates (V/s) with limited current distortion.  UMEs were developed independently by Wightman  and Fleischmann around 1980.
UMEs enable electrochemical measurements in electrolytes with high solution resistance, such as organic solvents. The low current at an UME limits the Ohmic (or iR) drop, which conventional electrodes do not limit. Furthermore, the low Ohmic drop at UMEs lead to low voltage distortions at the electrode-electrolyte interface, allowing for the use of two electrodes in a voltammetric experiment instead of the conventional three electrodes.

Working electrode
In electrochemistry, the working electrode is the electrode in an electrochemical system on which the reaction of interest is occurring.  The working electrode is often used in conjunction with an auxiliary electrode, and a reference electrode in a three-electrode system.  Depending on whether the reaction on the electrode is a reduction or an oxidation, the working electrode is called cathodic or anodic, respectively.  Common working electrodes can consist of materials ranging from noble metals such as gold or platinum, to inert carbon such as glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond or pyrolytic carbon, and mercury drop and film electrodes. Chemically modified electrodes are employed for the analysis of both organic and inorganic samples.
Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos
The Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos (CPTM) (lit. 'São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company') is one of the rapid transit companies serving the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metro, ViaQuatro and ViaMobilidade, all four forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America. It was created on 28 May 1992, from several railroads that already existed in Greater São Paulo, Brazil.

Part of the Greater São Paulo rail system, the CPTM currently operates 57 stations in five lines, with a total length of 199 kilometres (124 mi). The system carries about 2 million passengers a day. On 7 December 2018, CPTM set a weekday ridership record with 3,221,035 trips.

ViaMobilidade
ViaMobilidade is a company in Brazil belonging to Companhia de Concessões Rodoviárias, that has been responsible for the operation, maintenance and investments in Line 5–Lilac, Line 8–Diamond and Line 9–Emerald of São Paulo Metropolitan Trains for 20 years, through a public-private concession contract, in partnership with the Government of the State of São Paulo.

Besides CCR, the consortium also has RuasInvest as an investor, a branch of one of the most traditional bus groups of São Paulo. Both companies also manage the Line 4–Yellow of ViaQuatro. Besides that, the consortium will operate Line 17–Gold, currently under construction, and will connect stations Morumbi of ViaMobilidade Line Line 9–Emerald, in Marginal Pinheiros, to Congonhas Airport, in Southside São Paulo, and will also operate Line 15–Silver.

On 20 April 2021, the company won an auction in the B3 headquarters and operates the former CPTM lines 8–Diamond and 9–Emerald for 30 years.
Commonwealth MRT station
Commonwealth MRT station is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East–West Line (EWL) in Queenstown, Singapore. Operated by SMRT Corporation, the station serves nearby landmarks such as the Faith Methodist Church and Queensway Secondary School.

First announced in May 1982 as Queenstown, the station switched names with the then-Commonwealth station in March 1987. It officially commenced operations on 12 March 1988 as part of Phase IA of the MRT, an extension from Tiong Bahru station to Clementi. Accessibility enhancements on the station's facilities were conducted in 2008. Half-height platform screen doors and high-volume low-speed fans were installed by August 2011 and the first quarter of 2013, respectively.

Like other elevated stations on Phase IA, the station feature grilles and horizontal louvres.

Buona Vista MRT station
Buona Vista MRT station is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the East–West Line and Circle Line in Queenstown, Singapore. This station is close to one-north, a high technology business park for the biomedical science, infocomm technology and media industries. It is located near the junction of North Buona Vista Road, Commonwealth Avenue and Commonwealth Avenue West.
Madrasah-i Rahimiyah
The Madrasah-i Rahimiyah  is an Islamic seminary located in Delhi, India. It was founded by Shah Abdur Rahim, the father of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi, during the reign of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. After the death of Shah Abdur Rahim in 1718 Shah Waliullah started teaching at the Madrasah. It became a leading institute of Islamic learning and was acknowledged as the most influential seminary in the Indian subcontinent. Later, when Shah Wali Allah died, his sons Shah Abdul Aziz, Shah Rafi and Shah Abdul Qader began teaching here, with Abdul Aziz becoming its principal. Following the death of Abdul Aziz, the leadership of the Madrasah passed on to his grandson Shah Muhammad Ishaq.

Due to British rage against Muslims, after the revolt of 1857, the British authorities ordered the closing of Madarsah-i-Rahimiya and sold it to a Hindu businessman.

Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
Qutb ud-Din Ahmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Rahim al-ʿUmari ad-Dehlawi (Arabic: قطب الدين أحمد بن عبد الرحيم العمري الدهلوي, romanized: Quṭb ad-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd-ur-Raḥīm al-ʿUmarī ad-Dehlawī‎; 1703–1762), commonly known as Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (also Shah Wali Allah), was an Islamic Sunni scholar and Sufi reformer, who contributed to Islamic revival in the Indian subcontinent and is therefore seen by his followers as a renewer.
Duncan Curry
Duncan Fraser Curry (November 28, 1812 – April 1894) was an American baseball pioneer and insurance executive.

Curry was the first president of the Knickerbockers Base Ball Club, reported to be the first organized baseball club in 1845.  He is also credited with participating in the drafting of the Knickerbocker Rules, the first written set of official baseball rules.  He also served on the game's various rules committees from 1845 until at least 1856.

Curry was also one of the founders of the Republic Fire Insurance Company and served as its secretary from 1852 to 1882.

Knickerbocker Base Ball Club of New York
The New York Knickerbockers were one of the first organized baseball teams which played under a set of rules similar to the game today. Founded as the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club by Alexander Cartwright in 1845, the team remained active until the early 1870s.

In 1851, the New York Knickerbockers wore the first ever recorded baseball uniforms.
Richard Axel
Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946) is an American molecular biologist and university professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His work on the olfactory system won him and Linda Buck, a former postdoctoral research scientist in his group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004.

In February 2026, Axel resigned as co-director of Columbia University’s Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, calling his past association with Jeffrey Epstein a serious error in judgment and apologizing for compromising trust. He also stepped down from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

Linda B. Buck
Linda Brown Buck (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. She is currently on the faculty of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.
Kenkichi Yoshizawa
Kenkichi Yoshizawa (芳澤 謙吉, Yoshizawa Kenkichi; 24 January 1874 – 5 January 1965) was a Japanese diplomat in the Empire of Japan, serving as 46th Foreign Minister of Japan in 1932. He was the father-in-law of Sadao Iguchi, a diplomat who served as Ambassador to the United States, and maternal grandfather of Sadako Ogata, the former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and maternal grandfather of Yutaka Kawashima, a former Grand Chamberlain of Japan.

Inukai Tsuyoshi
Inukai Tsuyoshi (Japanese: 犬養 毅, 4 June 1855 – 15 May 1932) was a Japanese statesman who served as prime minister of Japan from 1931 to his assassination in 1932. At the age of 76, Inukai was Japan's second oldest-serving prime minister, after Kantarō Suzuki whose term ended at the age of 77.
Charro!
Charro! is a 1969 American Western film starring Elvis Presley, shot on location at Apacheland Movie Ranch and Old Tucson Studios in Arizona. This was Presley's only film in which he did not sing on-screen; the film featured no songs at all other than the main title theme, which was played over the opening credits.  It was also the only movie in which Presley wore a beard. The film was novelized by Harry Whittington.

Ina Balin, Victor French, Barbara Werle, and Solomon Sturges co-starred. It was the final film for director Charles Marquis Warren, who also produced and wrote it.  It was also the only Presley film distributed by National General Pictures. The film made a profit but was not a runaway success, and remains one of Presley's least-seen films despite being regarded among his best in terms of his acting (as opposed to his singing).

Victor French
Victor Edwin French (December 4, 1934 – June 15, 1989) was an American actor and director. He is remembered for roles on the television programs Gunsmoke, Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven, and Carter Country.
Gordon Murray (puppeteer)
Gordon Murray (3 May 1921 – 30 June 2016) was a British television producer and puppeteer. He created and wrote some of the most repeated children's television programmes ever seen in Britain. Camberwick Green, Trumpton,  and Chigley, collectively known as the Trumptonshire Trilogy, were all produced by the company he founded.

Trumpton
Trumpton is a British stop-motion children's television series from the producers of Camberwick Green. First shown on the BBC from January to March 1967, it was the second series in the Trumptonshire trilogy, which comprised Camberwick Green, Trumpton and Chigley. Like the other two series, Trumpton continued to be repeated well into the 1980s as a part of the BBC's children's schedules.

Trumpton was narrated by Brian Cant, and animation was by Bob Bura, John Hardwick and Pasquale Ferrari. Scripts were by Alison Prince; all other production details were identical to Camberwick Green.
Amber Gill
Amber Rose Gill (born 4 August 1997) is an English television personality and author. In 2019, she won the fifth series of Love Island. She has since presented the ITV series The Full Treatment (2021), as well as competing on the Channel 4 survival series Celebrity SAS: Who Dares Wins (2022). Also in 2022, Gill released her debut romance novel, Until I Met You.

Love Island (2015 TV series) series 5
The fifth series of Love Island began airing on 3 June 2019 on ITV2, and concluded on 29 July 2019. The show was presented by Caroline Flack and narrated by Iain Stirling. It is the fifth from the current revived series, but seventh overall. Singer Craig David made a cameo appearance at a Ministry of Sound pool party as a DJ performing his new single "When You Know What Love Is".

On 29 July 2019, the winners of the series were by Amber Gill and Greg O'Shea, having received 48.82% of the final vote. Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury finished as runners-up.

Series five is the highest-rated series ever; with a series average of 5.61 million viewers, up 1.65 million on the previous 2018 series.
None but the Brave (1928 film)
None but the Brave (1928) is an American silent film, released by Fox Film Corporation, directed by Albert Ray, and starring Charles Morton as Charles Stanton, Sally Phipps as Mary.  The film also co-starred J. Farrell MacDonald, Sharon Lynn, and Tom Kennedy. One or two sequences were filmed in a two-strip Technicolor, made of black-and-white 35mm film dyed in colors. The film consists of six reels.

J. Farrell MacDonald
John Farrell MacDonald (April 14, 1875 – August 2, 1952) was an American character actor and director. He played supporting roles and occasional leads. He appeared in over 325 films over a four-decade career from 1911 to 1951, and directed forty-four silent films from 1912 to 1917.

MacDonald was the principal director of L. Frank Baum's Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and he can frequently be seen in the films of Frank Capra, Preston Sturges and, especially, John Ford.
Bobby Flay
Robert William Flay (born December 10, 1964) is an American celebrity chef, food writer, restaurateur, and television personality. Flay is the owner and executive chef of several restaurants and franchises, including Bobby's Burger Palace, Bobby's Burgers, and Amalfi. He has appeared on Food Network since 1995, which won him four Daytime Emmy Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Giada De Laurentiis
Giada Pamela De Laurentiis (born Giada Pamela De Benedetti, August 22, 1970) is an Italian-American chef, entrepreneur, writer, and television personality. She was the host of Food Network's program called Giada at Home. She also appears regularly as a contributor and guest co-host on NBC's program entitled Today. De Laurentiis is the founder of the catering business GDL Foods. She is a winner of the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle Host and the Gracie Award for Best Television Host. She was also recognized by the International Hospitality Institute as one of the Global 100 in Hospitality, a list featuring the 100 Most Powerful People in Global Hospitality.
Yervandashat (ancient city)
Yervandashat or Eruandashat (Armenian: Երվանդաշատ (reformed); Երուանդաշատ (classical)) was an Armenian city and one of the historical capitals of Armenia, serving as the capital city between c. 200 BC and 176 BC under the rule of the Orontid dynasty and at the beginning of the rule of their successors, the Artaxiad dynasty. Its ruins are located on a rocky hill near the confluence of the Akhuryan and Aras rivers, on the left bank of the Aras, between the villages of Yervandashat and Bagaran in modern-day Armenia.

Yervandashat, Armenia
40°06′53″N 43°40′15″E﻿ / ﻿40.11472°N 43.67083°E﻿ / 40.11472; 43.67083

Yervandashat (Armenian: Երվանդաշատ) is a village in the Armavir Province of Armenia. The village has a ruined basilica dated to the 4th or 5th century and the Saint Shushanik church of the 10th to 17th century. Along the main highway leading to and from the area are khachkar monuments. It is named after the nearby Armenian historic city of Yervandashat.