hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity that crosses biology and sociology, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Social anthropology studies patterns of behaviour, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. The term sociocultural anthropology is commonly used today. Linguistic anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological (or physical) anthropology studies the biology and evolution of humans and their close primate relatives.

Archaeology, often referred to as the "anthropology of the past," explores human activity by examining physical remains. In North America and Asia, it is generally regarded as a branch of anthropology, whereas in Europe, it is considered either an independent discipline or classified under related fields like history and palaeontology.

Sociocultural anthropology
Sociocultural anthropology is a term used to refer to social anthropology and cultural anthropology together. It is one of the four main branches of anthropology. Sociocultural anthropologists focus on the study of society and culture, while often interested in cultural diversity and universalism.

Sociocultural anthropologists recognise a change in the nature of the field and that a previous focus on traditional tribal perspectives has shifted to a contemporary understanding. Methodologies have altered accordingly, and the discipline continues to evolve with that of society. Globalisation has contributed to the changing influence of the state on individuals and their interactions.
Jeanne Gomoll
Jeanne Gomoll is an American artist, writer, editor, and science fiction fan, who was recognized as one of the guests of honor at the 72nd World Science Fiction Convention (Loncon 3, the 2014 WorldCon), having been a guest of honor at numerous previous science fiction conventions. She has been nominated multiple times for awards in artist and fanzine categories, and for service to the genre of science fiction, particularly feminist science fiction.

72nd World Science Fiction Convention
The 72nd World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), also known as Loncon 3, was held on 14–18 August 2014 at the ExCeL London in London, United Kingdom.

The convention committee was co-chaired by Alice Lawson and Steve Cooper and organized as London 2014 Limited.
À Caus' des Garçons
À Caus' des Garçons ('Because of the boys') is a Belgian duo formed by Laurence Heller and Hélène Bérard.

"A cause des garçons" was their main hit. It was written by Pierre Grillet and music by Alain Chamfort. Chamfort sings in the choir and appears in the music video produced by Gérard Pullicino and with Nagui, Smaïn, Jean-Pierre Kalfon, Pierre Grillet, Philippe Draï and Claire. The song was top 50 in France from February to May 1988. It peaked at number 13. In 2007, the song was covered by Yelle. Yelle's version was in turn covered by Robyn in 2009, under the title "Because of Boys".

A cause des garçons
"À caus' des garçons" or "À cause des garçons" (French: "Because of the Boys") is a song first released by the Belgian duo À Caus' des Garçons comprising Laurence Heller and Hélène Bérard in 1987. It was covered by French trio Yelle on their 2007 debut album Pop Up, released as its second single.
Clarinet Quintet (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Clarinet Quintet, K. 581, was written in 1789 for the clarinetist Anton Stadler. A clarinet quintet is a work for one clarinet and a string quartet. Although originally written for basset clarinet, in contemporary performances it usually is played on a clarinet in A. It is Mozart's only completed clarinet quintet and is one of the earliest and best-known works that was written especially for the instrument. It remains to this day one of the most admired of the composer's works. Sometimes the quintet is referred to as the Stadler Quintet; Mozart so described it in a letter of April 1790. Mozart also wrote a trio for clarinet, viola, and piano for Stadler, the so-called Kegelstatt Trio, in 1786. Stadler was a friend to Mozart who was very talented in the instrument.

Basset clarinet
The basset clarinet is a member of the clarinet family similar to the usual soprano clarinet but longer and with additional keys to enable playing several additional lower notes. Typically a basset clarinet has keywork going to a low (written) C or B, as opposed to the standard clarinet's E or E♭. The basset clarinet is most commonly a transposing instrument in A, although basset clarinets in C and B♭ and very seldom in G also exist. The similarly named basset horn is also a clarinet with extended lower range, but is in a lower pitch (typically F); the basset horn predates, and undoubtedly inspired, the basset clarinet.
Dance Theatre of Harlem
Dance Theatre of Harlem (DTH) is an American professional ballet company and school based in Harlem, New York City. It was founded in 1969 under the directorship of Arthur Mitchell (dancer), Brock Peters, and Cicely Tyson. Mitchell later partnered with Karel Shook, but Shook did not cofound the company. Milton Rosenstock served as the company's music director from 1981 to 1992. The artistic director has been Robert Garland since 2022. The DTH is renowned for being both "the first Black classical ballet company", and "the first major ballet company to prioritize Black dancers".

Robert Garland (choreographer)
Robert Garland is the artistic director of the Dance Theatre of Harlem, where he was a principal dancer and their first official resident choreographer. He has also choreographed for the New York City Ballet, The Royal Ballet, San Francisco Ballet, and the Oakland Ballet, among many others.
Devi Kusumasana
Devi Kusumasana (Sinhala: දේවි කුසුමාසන), is a 2025 Sri Lankan Sinhalese historical film directed by Jayantha Chandrasiri and co-produced by Janaki Wijerathna and Subaskaran Allirajah for Lyca Productions. The film based on the life of Kusumasana Devi and her affair with Konappu Bandara who later ascend the throne in 'om as Vimaladharmasuriya I during Portuguese Ceylon. It stars Udari Warnakulasooriya in the titular role with Hemal Ranasinghe in lead roles where Mahendra Perera, Kusum Renu, Sriyantha Mendis and Megha Sooriyarachchi made supportive roles. Hemal and Udari share the screen for the third time after Adaraneeya Kathawak (2016) and Ksheera Sagaraya Kalabina (2023). Dinesh Subasinghe has composed the songs and the Back ground score.

The film mostly received positive reviews.

Kusumasana Devi
Kusumāsana Devi (died 10 July 1613), also known as Dona Catherina of Kandy, was the ruling Queen of Kandy in 1581. She was deposed, but became the queen consort of Kandy by marriage to Vimaladharmasuriya I of Kandy from 1594 to 1604.
Realized variance
Realized variance or realised variance (RV, see spelling differences) is the sum of squared returns. For instance, the RV can be the sum of squared daily returns for a particular month, which would yield a measure of price variation over this month. More commonly, the realized variance is computed as the sum of squared intraday returns for a particular day.

The realized variance is useful because it provides a relatively accurate measure of volatility
which is useful for many purposes, including volatility forecasting and forecast evaluation.

Volatility (finance)
In finance, volatility (usually denoted by "σ") is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns.

Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices.  Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option).
Hiromi Kawakami
Hiromi Kawakami (川上 弘美, Kawakami Hiromi; born April 1958) is a Japanese writer, known for her off-beat fiction, poetry, and literary criticism. She has won numerous Japanese literary awards, including the Akutagawa Prize, the Tanizaki Prize, the Yomiuri Prize, and the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature. Her work has been adapted for film and has been translated into more than 15 languages.

Tanizaki Prize
The Tanizaki Prize (谷崎潤一郎賞 Tanizaki Jun'ichirō Shō), named in honor of the Japanese novelist Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, is one of Japan's most sought-after literary awards. It was established in 1965 by the publishing company Chūō Kōronsha Inc. to commemorate its 80th anniversary as a publisher. It is awarded annually to a full-length representative work of fiction or drama of the highest literary merit by a professional writer. The winner receives a commemorative plaque and a cash prize of 1 million yen.
Siege of Baghdad (1157)
The siege of Baghdad in 1157 was the last Seljuq attempt to capture Baghdad from the Abbasids. Caliph al-Muqtafi successfully defended his capital against the coalition armies of Seljuq Sultan Muhammad of Hamadan and Qutb ad-Din of Mosul.

Al-Muqtafi
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mustazhir (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد المستظهر; 9 April 1096 – 12 March 1160), better known by his regnal name al-Muqtafi li-Amr Allah (المقتفي لأمر الله), was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1136 to 1160, succeeding his nephew al-Rashid, who had been forced to abdicate by the Seljuks. The continued disunion and contests between Seljuk Turks afforded al-Muqtafi opportunity of not only maintaining his authority in Baghdad, but also extending it throughout Iraq.
Chameleon Dreams
Chameleon Dreams is the second solo album by New Zealand-born singer-songwriter Margaret Urlich, which was released in September 1992. The first single from the album, "Boy in the Moon" (August), reached the top ten on the New Zealand singles chart. The album peaked at No. five in Australia and No 18 in New Zealand and achieved platinum status in both countries. Three other singles were issued from the album, "Human Race" (November 1992), "(I Don't Want to be) Second Best" (April 1993) and "Burnt Sienna" (July).

Human Race (Margaret Urlich song)
"Human Race" is a song from New Zealand singer Margaret Urlich. The song was released in November 1992 as the second single from her second studio album, Chameleon Dreams. The song peaked at number 55 in Australia.
Armenian genocide reparations
The issue of Armenian genocide reparations derives from the Armenian genocide of 1915 committed by the Ottoman Empire. Such reparations might be of financial, estate or territorial nature, and could cover individual or collective claims as well as those by Armenia. The majority of scholars of international law agree that Turkey is the successor state or continuation of the Ottoman Empire. In addition, the Republic of Turkey continued the Ottoman Empire's internationally wrongful acts against Armenians, such as confiscation of Armenian properties and massacres. Former Secretary of the UN Human Rights Committee, Professor Alfred de Zayas, Geneva School of Diplomacy, stated that "[b]ecause of the continuing character of the crime of genocide in factual and legal terms, the remedy of restitution has not been foreclosed by the passage of time".

Successor state
A successor state is a concept in international relations regarding a sovereign state that has formed over a territory and populace that was previously under the sovereignty of another state. A successor state may or may not acquire a new international legal personality, while a continuing state (also known as a continuator or historical heir) retains the same international legal personality and all the rights and obligations of a predecessor state. The theory has its roots in 19th-century diplomacy.
Sayed Mansur Naderi
Sayed Mansur Naderi (Persian: سید منصور نادری; born January 12, 1936) is an Afghan political and religious leader who holds the traditional title of Sayed of Kayan. He is the leader of Afghanistan's Ismaili community, which is centered in Baghlan Province. Naderi served as Second Vice President of Afghanistan under President Burhanuddin Rabbani from 1992 to 1996, and was elected to the Wolesi Jirga (lower house of the Afghan Parliament) in 2005. He founded the National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan (Paiwand Milli).

Rawnaq Naderi
Rawnaq Naderi (سید نورالدین رونق نادری; 1940–1979), also known as Sayed Nooruddin Rawnaq Naderi, was an Afghan poet who wrote in Persian (Dari) and Hazaragi. He was the son of Sayed Kayan, a prominent religious leader of Afghanistan's Ismaili community. Naderi was executed by the government of Hafizullah Amin in 1979.
Kharta
Kharta (Chinese: 卡达) is a region in Tibet lying to the east of Mount Everest and centred on the Kharta valley and Kama valley. The 40-kilometre (25 mi) Kharta valley starts at the col at Lhakpa La at the head of the Kharta Glacier from which the Kharta Chu (Chinese: 卡达曲) river flows east to join the Phung Chu just beyond Khata village.

Nearby to the south, the Kama valley starts at the Kangshung Glacier at the foot of Everest's Kangshung Face, and the Kama Chu flows southeast to the Phung Chu. The 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition saw Kharta when reconnoitring ways to climb Mount Everest and managed to reach the North Col via the Lhakpa La. Since that time Kharta has not been used as a way to approach the summit of Everest but the two valleys have become a popular area for trekking.

Arun River (China–Nepal)
The Arun River (Nepali: अरुण नदी) is a trans-boundary river that is part of the Koshi or Sapta Koshi river system in Nepal. It originates in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China where it is called the Phung Chu or Bum-chu.
Dapho
Dapho (Korean: 답호), also known as dapbok or dapo, is either a sleeveless or short sleeved garment (banbi ui, 半臂 衣), The dapo originated in the Yuan dynasty and was introduced in Korea during the late Goryeo. With time the structure of the dapho changed in shape structure although it maintained the same name. Some form of dapho was introduced from China's Ming dynasty in the form of dahu during the Joseon period, when the clothing was bestowed to various Joseon kings (e.g. under the reign of King Sejong).

Dahu (clothing)
Dahu (simplified Chinese: 褡护; traditional Chinese: 褡護; pinyin: Dāhù) was a form of robe/jacket which was used in the Ming dynasty. In Ming dynasty, the dahu was either a new type of banbi (半臂; 'half-arm') or a sleeveless jacket, whose designs was influenced by the Mongol Yuan dynasty clothing.
Steve Tavaglione
Steve "Tav" Tavaglione (born December 1, 1950) is an American woodwind and EWI musician. He is best known for his work as a co-founder of the Latin fusion group Caldera with Jorge Strunz and Eduardo del Barrio, his work with Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, John Pisano, Scott Kinsey, Diana Ross, George Benson, Lee Ritenour, John Beasley, and his appearances on television and film soundtracks notably film composers Thomas Newman and Mark Isham.

Caldera (band)
Caldera was an American band that combined jazz, funk, and rock with Latin music. Return to Forever and Weather Report influenced Caldera, but its members were also influenced by soul, Afro-cuban, salsa, samba, and Peruvian music.
Louis Hollander
Louis Hollander (1893–1980) was a labor union leader who co-founded the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America union (ACW), the US portion of the World ORT, and the American Labor Party (ALP); served as state president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), and held several executive roles on the AFL–CIO political action committee; in 1948 he joined the CIO mainstream to oppose the candidacy of Henry A. Wallace in favor of incumbent Harry S. Truman.

American Labor Party
The American Labor Party (ALP) was a political party in the United States established in 1936 that was active almost exclusively in the state of New York. The organization was founded by labor leaders and former members of the Socialist Party of America who had established themselves as the Social Democratic Federation (SDF). The party was intended to parallel the role of the British Labour Party, serving as an umbrella organization to unite New York social democrats of the SDF with trade unionists who would otherwise support candidates of the Republican and Democratic parties.

Before and after its demise, many ALP members joined the Liberal Party of New York (LPNY) and the Progressive Party.
Battle Axe culture
The Battle Axe culture, also called Boat Axe culture, is a Chalcolithic culture that flourished in the coastal areas of the south of the Scandinavian Peninsula and southwest Finland, from c. 2800 BC – c. 2300 BC. It was an offshoot of the Corded Ware culture, and replaced the Funnelbeaker culture in southern Scandinavia, probably through a process of mass migration and population replacement. It is thought to have been responsible for spreading Indo-European languages and other elements of Indo-European culture to the region. It co-existed for a time with the hunter-gatherer Pitted Ware culture, which it eventually absorbed, developing into the Nordic Bronze Age. The Nordic Bronze Age has, in turn, been considered ancestral to the Germanic peoples.

Single Grave culture
The Single Grave culture (German: Einzelgrabkultur) was a Chalcolithic culture which flourished on the western North European Plain from ca. 2,800 BC to 2,200 BC. It is characterized by the practice of single burial, the deceased usually being accompanied by a battle axe, amber beads, and pottery vessels. The Single Grave culture was a local variant of the Corded Ware culture, and appears to have emerged as a result of a migration of peoples from the Pontic–Caspian steppe. It was succeeded by the Bell Beaker culture, which according to the "Dutch model" appears to have been ultimately derived from the Single Grave culture. More recently, the accuracy of this model has been questioned.
White-eared opossum
The white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), known as the timbu and cassaco in northeast Brazil, saruê and sariguê in Bahia, micurê and mucura in northern Brazil and comadreja overa and zarigüeya in Argentina, is an opossum species found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It is a terrestrial and, sometimes, arboreal animal, and a habitat generalist, living in a wide range of different habitats.

For some time, this species was incorrectly known by the name D. azarae, correctly applied to the big-eared opossum. This led to azarae's discontinuation as a species name. From 1993 until 2002, this species also included the Guianan white-eared opossum (D. imperfecta) and the Andean white-eared opossum (D. pernigra) as subspecies.

It is the team mascot of Clube Náutico Capibaribe, a Brazilian football team from Recife, Pernambuco.

Big-eared opossum
The big-eared opossum (Didelphis aurita), also known as a saruê, or the gambá, is an opossum species from South America. It is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.

This species, which was considered a population of the common opossum (D. marsupialis) for some time, was originally described as D. azarae by Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1824, but this name was incorrectly given to the white-eared opossum (D. albiventris) for over 160 years. As such, the name azarae has been abandoned.

Due to carrying offspring, female big-eared opossums tend to stay in smaller areas and reduce their movements.
León, Nicaragua
León (Spanish pronunciation: [leˈon]) is the second largest city in Nicaragua, after Managua. Founded by the Spanish as Santiago de los Caballeros de León, it is the capital and largest city of León Department. As of 2022, the municipality of León has an estimated population of 213,718.

León is located along the Río Chiquito (Chiquito River), some 90 kilometres (56 miles) northwest of Managua, and some 18 km (11 miles) east of the Pacific Ocean coast. León has long been the political and intellectual center of the nation and its National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) was founded in 1813, making it the second oldest university in Central America. León is also an important industrial, agricultural, and commercial center for Nicaragua, exporting sugar cane, cattle, peanut, plantain, and sorghum. The city has been home to many of Nicaragua's most noteworthy poets including Rubén Darío, Alfonso Cortés and Salomón de la Selva.

Alfonso Cortés
Alfonso Cortés (9 December 1893 – 3 February 1969) was a Nicaraguan poet. He is often referred to as the second-most-important Nicaraguan poet, with Rubén Darío, who initiated the Spanish-American literary movement known as modernismo (modernism), being the first. Before his death, he often said he was "less important than Darío, but more profound".
Soviet submarine Shch-310
Shch-310 was a Series V-bis-2 Shchuka-class submarine built for the Soviet Navy in the 1930s under the name of Belukha, but was renamed Shch-310 while under construction. Completed in 1936, she was assigned to the Baltic Fleet. The boat played a minor role during the 1939–1940 Winter War with Finland and in the Second World War. Shch-310 participated in the defense of the Soviet Union after the Axis powers invaded in June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), but only made six patrols during the war, sinking three or four ships. Shch-310 was renamed S-310 in 1949. She was stricken from the navy list in 1953 and was either scuttled during a training exercise or scrapped in 1958.

Shchuka-class submarine
The Shchuka-class submarines (Russian: Щука), also referred to as Sh or Shch-class submarines, were a medium-sized class of Soviet submarines, built in large numbers and used during World War II. "Shchuka" is Russian for pike. Of this class, only two submarines (411 and 412) entered service after 1945, although they were launched before the war.
Pippi Longstocking (1969 TV series)
Pippi Longstocking (Swedish: Pippi Långstrump) is a Swedish/West German TV series based on Astrid Lindgren's Pippi Longstocking children's books. The show ran for thirteen episodes, the first episode being broadcast 8 February 1969 on Sveriges Television.

The series' theme song, "Here Comes Pippi Longstocking" ("Här Kommer Pippi Långstrump") was composed by Jan Johansson (in one of his last works, before his death a year before the series aired), with lyrics by Astrid Lindgren. The song was sung by series star Inger Nilsson.

Inger Nilsson
Karin Inger Monica Nilsson (born 4 May 1959) is a Swedish actress and singer. She is a former child actress. She is primarily known for her portrayal of Pippi Longstocking in the Swedish-produced TV series of the same name during 1969 which was compiled, re-dubbed into German and later also in English and many other languages, and released as two feature films in 1969. In 1970, she reprised her role of Pippi in two feature films. In 2005, she was working as a secretary in Stockholm, occasionally taking small stage roles.
Pădurea Domnească case
The Pădurea Domnească case took place on 23 December 2012 in Moldova when Sorin Paciu, a young businessman, was fatally wounded while hunting at the Pădurea Domnească ("Princely Forest") reserve together with several high-ranking Moldovan government officials. These included Prosecutor General Valeriu Zubco, President of the Chișinău Court of Appeals Ion Pleșca, vice-president of the latter Gheorghe Crețu and Moldsilva state-owned company director Ion Lupu.

All present officials hid the incident, which became public on 13 January 2013 following statements by Moldovan politician Sergiu Mocanu, leader of the Antimafia Popular Movement. The case caused the resignation of Zubco and later the collapse of the ruling coalition Alliance for European Integration and the resignation of the Second Filat Cabinet. Gheorghe Crețu was the only person found guilty in the case.

Alliance for European Integration
The Alliance for European Integration (Romanian: Alianța pentru Integrare Europeană) was a centre-right, anti-communist coalition that governed Moldova from the July 2009 election until it lost to a no confidence vote in the Parliament on February 13, 2013. It was succeeded by the anti-communist Pro-European Coalition.