hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Counterspy Meets Scotland Yard
Counterspy Meets Scotland Yard is a 1950 American film noir B movie directed by Seymour Friedman and starring Howard St. John, Ron Randell and Amanda Blake.

It was the second of two film adaptations based on the radio series Counterspy (1942–57) created by Phillips H. Lord., starring Howard St. John as David Harding. The first had been David Harding, Counterspy (1950).

Howard St. John
Howard St. John (October 9, 1905 – March 13, 1974) was a Chicago-born character actor who specialized in unsympathetic roles. His work spanned Broadway, film and television. Among his best-remembered roles are the bombastic General Bullmoose in the stage and screen versions of the 1956 musical Li'l Abner, and his supporting roles in the classic comedies Born Yesterday (1950) and One, Two, Three (1961).
Cayley graph
In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley), and uses a specified set of generators for the group. It is a central tool in combinatorial and geometric group theory. The structure and symmetry of Cayley graphs make them particularly good candidates for constructing expander graphs.

Arthur Cayley
Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was an English mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics, and was a professor at Trinity College, Cambridge for 35 years.

He postulated what is now known as the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. He was the first to define the concept of an abstract group, a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws, as opposed to Évariste Galois' concept of permutation groups. In group theory, Cayley tables, Cayley graphs, and Cayley's theorem are named in his honour, as well as Cayley's formula in combinatorics.
Bertha Hernández de Ospina
Bertha Hernández de Ospina (née Hernández Fernández; 17 April 1907 – 11 September 1993) was a Colombian politician, writer, columnist, and civil leader for women's rights. She served as First Lady of Colombia from 1946 to 1950 as the wife of President Mariano Ospina Pérez and later as Senator of Colombia from 1970 to 1974.

Hernández de Ospina is the second most influential first lady in Colombian political life after Soledad Román de Núñez (wife of Rafael Núñez). Bertha was also one of the members of the Colombian suffrage movement founded in 1954, alongside prominent figures like Josefina Valencia (First woman Minister of Colombia) and Esmeralda Arboleda (First woman congresswoman of Colombia).

Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid
María Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid (January 7, 1921 – 16 April 1997) was a Colombian politician, suffragist and the first woman elected to the Senate of Colombia, serving from 1958 to 1961.

A leader of the women's suffrage movement in Colombia, she and fellow suffragist Josefina Valencia Muñoz were the first women appointed to a national legislative position in Colombia as part of the National Constituent Assembly in 1954, where they presented what would eventually be the Legislative Act No. 3, which modified Article 171 of the Colombian Constitution of 1886 granting universal suffrage to women. She also served as the 10th Minister of Communications of Colombia, as Ambassador of Colombia to Austria, and as Deputy Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations.
Pheasant Island (Eutin)
Pheasant Island (German: Fasaneninsel) is one of the two islands in the south of the lake of Großer Eutiner See, which itself lies in the borough of Eutin in the district of Ostholstein in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. The island is about 150 m × 200 m (490 ft × 660 ft) across.

From the 9th century, Pheasant Island was the site of a Wendish castle which was given the name Utin and was the centre of the eponymous Gau. The castle was linked to the shore over a bridge.

The castle was destroyed in 1138/39 by the Holsteiners during the conquest of Wagria. The subsequent settlement was built on the shore and developed into the present-day town of Eutin.

Pheasant Island is one of the landmarks of the visual axes of the former Baroque garden of Eutin Castle.

The name "Pheasant Island" is derived from the old pheasantry that used to exist on the island.

Today, the island is privately owned and inhabited.

Utin (castle)
Utin (in Latin letters VTIN - also "Uthine") was the name of a Wendish castle that was built in the 9th century on Pheasant Island in the lake known as the Großer Eutiner See in what is now the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It was the centre of the eponymous Wendish Gau. The castle was linked to the shore via a bridge next to which a settlement, also called Utin, grew up.

The castle was destroyed by the Holcetae tribe when they conquered Wagria in 1138/39.

The site of the settlement - which was the origin of the present-day town of Eutin - on the shore of the Großer Eutiner See, survived and retained the name "Utin" (also e.g. "Uthine") which over the course of time became "Eutin".

The four letters "VTIN" became part of the coat of arms of the town of Eutin.
Richard Graves MacDonnell
Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell KCMG CB (Chinese: 麥當奴; 3 September 1814 – 5 February 1881) was an Anglo-Irish lawyer, judge and colonial governor. His posts as governor included Governor of the British Settlements in West Africa, Governor of Saint Vincent, Governor of South Australia, Governor of Nova Scotia and Governor of Hong Kong. Several places around the world are named for him, including MacDonnell Road in Hong Kong and the MacDonnell Ranges and Sir Richard Peninsula in Australia.

Sir Richard Peninsula
Sir Richard Peninsula is a narrow peninsula consisting of sand which extends from Goolwa, South Australia to the Murray Mouth.  It separates the Goolwa Channel, which is part of the estuary of the River Murray, from Encounter Bay. It is approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in length and ranges from 500 metres (1,600 ft)to 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) in width. The peninsula, together with the Younghusband Peninsula on the eastern side of the Murray Mouth, is the primary sand dune line defining this stretch of the Australian coastline.

Sir Richard Peninsula was named after Richard Graves MacDonnell, the sixth governor of South Australia, and is located within the gazetted locality of Goolwa South.
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on a local area network based on IEEE 802 technology, principally wired Ethernet. The protocol is formally referred to by the IEEE as Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery specified in IEEE 802.1AB with additional support in IEEE 802.3 section 6 clause 79.

LLDP performs functions similar to several proprietary protocols, such as Cisco Discovery Protocol, Foundry Discovery Protocol, Nortel Discovery Protocol and Link Layer Topology Discovery.

Nortel Discovery Protocol
The Nortel Discovery Protocol (NDP) is a data link layer (OSI Layer 2) network protocol for discovery of Nortel networking devices and certain products from Avaya and Ciena. The device and topology information may be graphically displayed network management software.

The Nortel Discovery Protocol had its origin in the SynOptics Network Management Protocol (SONMP), developed before the SynOptics and Wellfleet Communications merger in 1994. The protocol was rebranded as the Bay Network Management Protocol (BNMP) and some protocol analyzers referenced it as the Bay Discovery Protocol (BDP).  Four years later, in 1998, Bay Networks was acquired by Nortel and renamed it to Nortel Discovery Protocol.

The IEEE 802.1AB or Link Layer Discovery Protocol that is supported on most Nortel equipment is a standards based (vendor-neutral) protocol that supports multi-vendor environments.
Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland
Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland (b. before 1136, d. around 1160 or later) was a Polish princess, Margravine of Lusatia by marriage to Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia.

She was the daughter of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland, and Salomea of Berg, daughter of Henry, Count of Berg, and as such a member of the House of Piast. Around 1147 (according to older historiography around 1142) she married Theodoric, second surviving son of Conrad, Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia. After bearing two children she was abandoned by her husband.

Conrad, Margrave of Meissen
Conrad I (c. 1097 – 5 February 1157), called Conrad the Great (German: Konrad der Große), a member of the House of Wettin, was Margrave of Meissen from 1123 and Margrave of Lusatia from 1136 until his retirement in 1156. Initially a Saxon count, he became the ruler of extensive Imperial estates in the Eastern March and the progenitor of the Saxon electors and later kings.

Conrad was a key figure in the German eastward expansion and in the consolidation of Wettin power in the region. He strengthened and expanded his territories, securing his position after overcoming early challenges from Emperor Henry V and Count Wiprecht of Groitzsch. His rule promoted the growth of commercial centres such as Leipzig and saw the foundation of Altzella Abbey, which later became a significant economic asset following the discovery of silver nearby.
Fred Sargeant
Frédéric André Sargeant (born July 29, 1948) is a French-American gay rights activist and a former lieutenant with the Stamford, Connecticut Police Department. He participated in each of the nights of the 1969 Stonewall riots and was one of the four co-founders of the first NYC Pride March march in Manhattan in 1970. He was vice-chairman of the Homophile Youth Movement at the time.

Craig Rodwell
Craig L. Rodwell (October 31, 1940 – June 18, 1993) was an American gay rights activist known for founding the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop on November 24, 1967 - the first bookstore devoted to gay and lesbian authors - and as the prime mover for the creation of the New York City gay pride demonstration. Rodwell, who was already an activist when he participated in the 1969 Stonewall uprising, is considered by some to be the leading gay rights activist in the early, pre-Stonewall, homophile movement of the 1960s.
Mk 48 machine gun
The Mark 48, or Mk 48, is a belt-fed general-purpose machine gun developed and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale Manufacturing Inc., a division of FN Herstal based in the United States, for the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). It is chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO and is belt-fed by M13 disintegrating links or German DM1 non-disintegrating belts. USSOCOM has adopted the weapon and started its fielding process, beginning with special operations units.

FN Minimi
The FN Minimi (short for French: mini-mitrailleuse; "mini machine gun") is a Belgian 5.56mm or 7.62mm light machine gun, also classified as a squad automatic weapon developed by Ernest Vervier for FN Herstal. Introduced in the late 1970s, it is in service in more than 75 countries. The weapon is manufactured at the FN facility in Herstal and their U.S. subsidiary FN Manufacturing LLC.

The Minimi fires from an open bolt. It is an air-cooled, gas operated long-stroke piston weapon that is capable of fully automatic fire only. It can be belt fed or fired from a magazine. The Minimi is configured in several variants: the Standard model as a platoon or squad support weapon, the shortened Para version for paratroopers and the Vehicle model as secondary armament for fighting vehicles.
BBC Switch
BBC Switch was the brand for BBC content aimed at UK teenagers. The brand was launched on Saturday 20 October 2007 on BBC Two and ceased broadcasting on 18 December 2010. It included a block of television programmes on BBC Two, an online portal and programming on the BBC's youth radio station, BBC Radio 1. It was BBC Two's second programming block aimed at teenagers, following on from DEF II.

DEF II
DEF II was a programming strand on BBC2, which aired at 6 pm on Mondays and Wednesdays from 9 May 1988 to 23 May 1994, to serve the teenage market. It was produced by Janet Street-Porter, and followed on from her youth television show Network 7 on Channel 4.

Many of the presenters and staff on DEF II started their careers on Network 7 and had followed Street-Porter when she was "poached" by the BBC. It had an ident featuring a barcode which differed from the usual idents used on BBC2.
2012–13 Pro A season
The 2012–13 LNB Pro A season was the 91st season of the French Basketball Championship and the 26th season since inception of the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (LNB).

The regular season started on October 5, 2012 and ended on April 30, 2013. Playoffs started on May 14 and ended on June 8, 2013. JSF Nanterre won their first title.

Nanterre 92
Nanterre 92 is a professional basketball club from the city of Nanterre (a western suburb of Paris), France.  The club has played in the top-tier level basketball league in France, the Pro A, since 2011. Founded in 1927 as JSF Nanterre, the club plays its home games in the Palais des Sports, which has a capacity of 3,000 people. The honor list of Nanterre includes one French championship and two French Cup titles as well as a FIBA Europe Cup championship.
Double Jeopardy (StarFist novel)
Double Jeopardy is a science fiction novel by American writers David Sherman and Dan Cragg; it was released on December 29, 2009.  It is set in the 25th Century in Sherman and Cragg's StarFist Saga. It is the 14th and last novel of the series; shortly after the manuscript was submitted to its publisher, Del Rey, the authors were notified of its cancellation.

StarFist series
StarFist is a series of military science fiction novels written by David Sherman and Dan Cragg. The novels are set in the 25th century and are written from the viewpoint of the men of the Confederation of Human Worlds Marine Corps 34th FIST (Fleet Initial Strike Team). An additional spin-off series, titled StarFist: Force Recon, by the same authors was started in 2005 with the publication of Backshot. All books were published by Del Rey Books.
Lora Logic
Lora Logic (born Susan Whitby c. 1960) is a British saxophonist, singer and songwriter from Wembley, London. Logic was a founding member of London punk band X-Ray Spex, and wrote the saxophone parts for their debut album, Germfree Adolescents. After leaving X-Ray Spex, Logic founded her own band, Essential Logic, which released one album in 1979. Logic has been called "one of post-punk's most notable atypical girls."

Germfree Adolescents
Germfree Adolescents is the 1978 debut album of English punk rock band X-Ray Spex. It contained the UK hit singles "The Day the World Turned Dayglo" (No. 23 in April 1978), "Identity" (No. 24 in July 1978) and "Germ Free Adolescents" which reached No. 18 in November 1978. Upon release, the critics noted it was not all new material: five songs on the twelve tracks had already been released on A-sides and B-sides of singles.
Charlotte Garske
Charlotte "Lotte" Garske (born Charlotte Schaepe: 4 December 1906 – 16 December 1943) was a German political activist who resisted the country's Nazi Government.   She was executed in Plötzensee Prison on 16 December 1943.

Plötzensee Prison
Plötzensee Prison (German: Justizvollzugsanstalt Plötzensee, JVA Plötzensee) is a men's prison in the Charlottenburg-Nord locality of Berlin with a capacity for 577 prisoners, operated by the State of Berlin judicial administration. The detention centre established in 1868 has a long history; it became notorious during the Nazi era as one of the main sites of capital punishment, where about 3,000 inmates were executed. Famous inmates include East Germany's last communist leader Egon Krenz.
Li Xi (Tang dynasty)
Li Xi or Li Qi (李谿 per the Zizhi Tongjian and the History of the Five Dynasties or 李磎 per the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang) (d. June 4, 895), courtesy name Jingwang (景望), nicknamed Li Shulou (李書樓), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong.  With imperial power dwindling, Li Xi's fellow chancellor Cui Zhaowei, who associated with the warlords Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han Jian, encouraged Li Maozhen, Wang, and Han to march on the capital Chang'an. Once the three warlords arrived in Chang'an, they put Li Xi and his fellow chancellor Wei Zhaodu to death.

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
The chancellor, also known by its Chinese name as the zaixiang, was a semi-formal designation for a number of high-level officials during China's Tang dynasty. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Zhou dynasty of the empress Wu Zetian within the Tang.
Rossif Sutherland
Rossif Racette-Sutherland (/rɒsɪf/; born September 25, 1978) is a Canadian actor, son of actor Donald Sutherland, brother of actors Angus Sutherland and Roeg Sutherland, and half-brother of actor Kiefer Sutherland and his twin sister Rachel. He has appeared in various projects including TV series like ER and Crossing Lines and films such as Poor Boy's Game and River. By fall 2024, Sutherland had starred in the Canadian-produced drama Murder in a Small Town based on the "Alberg and Cassandra Mysteries" crime fiction series by L. R. Wright. Sutherland has been also part of films such as Hyena Road, and Guest of Honour and TV series such as King, Reign, and Copper.

River (2015 Canadian film)
River is a Canadian thriller film directed by Jamie M. Dagg. It premiered in the Discovery section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. The film was chosen as the winner of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Claude Jutra Award, as the year's best feature film directed by a first-time director. Rossif Sutherland garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 4th Canadian Screen Awards.
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (also known as the juxtaglomerular complex) is a structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron, the functional units of the kidney. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is named because it is next to (juxta-) the glomerulus.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of three types of cells:

the macula densa, in the distal straight tubule (thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle), after which the distal convoluted tubule begins

juxtaglomerular cells, (also known as granular cells) which secrete renin

extraglomerular mesangial cells

The basal lamina is absent between macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells to allow direct contact between these cells.

Extraglomerular mesangial cell
Extraglomerular mesangial cells (also known as Lacis cells, Polkissen cells, or Goormaghtigh cells) are light-staining pericytes in the kidney found outside the glomerulus, near the vascular pole.  They resemble smooth muscle cells and play a role in renal autoregulation of blood flow to the kidney and regulation of systemic blood pressure through the renin–angiotensin system.  Extraglomerular mesangial cells are part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, along with the macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule and the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole.

The specific function of extraglomerular mesangial cells is not well understood, although it has been associated with the secretion of erythropoietin and secretion of renin. They are distinguished from intraglomerular mesangial cells, which are situated between the basement membrane and the epithelial cells within the glomerulus.
Gonia
Gonia (Greek: Γωνιά) is a village in the Rethymno regional unit in Crete, Greece, lying at an altitude of ca. 222 m amsl, about 10 km southwest of the town of Rethymno. Gonia was the seat of the former municipality Nikiforos Fokas.
There is a saying in Turkish “gördün mü Hanya’yı, Konya’yı / Did You see Chania and Gonia”.

Nikiforos Fokas
Nikiforos Fokas (Greek: Νικηφόρος Φωκάς) is a former municipality in the Rethymno regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Rethymno, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 95.64 km2 (36.93 sq mi). It was named after the 10th century Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, who retook the island from the Muslims. Population 9,388 (2021). The seat of the municipality was in Gonia. The ancient city of Eleutherna is located within the municipal unit.
Serra dos Aimorés
Serra dos Aimorés ("Botocudo mountain") is a mountainous area in eastern Brazil straddling the border between Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, in the latter state's northeast. Its name derives from the Aimoré, an indigenous people who used to inhabit the area.

Aimoré
The Aimoré (Aymore, Aimboré) are one of several South American peoples of eastern Brazil called Botocudo in Portuguese (from botoque, a plug), in allusion to the wooden disks or tembetás worn in their lips and ears. Some called themselves Nac-nanuk or Nac-poruk, meaning "sons of the soil".  The last Aimoré group to retain their language is the Krenak.  The other peoples called Botocudo were the Xokleng and Xeta.

The Brazilian chief who was presented to King Henry VIII in 1532 wore small bones hung from his cheeks and from the lower lip a semi-precious stone the size of a pea. These were the marks of great bravery.  When the Portuguese adventurer Vasco Fernando Coutinho reached the east coast of Brazil in 1535, he erected a fort at the head of Espírito Santo Bay to defend himself against the Aimorés and other tribes.
Leonora Christina Ulfeldt
Leonora Christina, Countess Ulfeldt, born "Countess Leonora Christina Christiansdatter" til Slesvig og Holsten (8 July 1621 – 16 March 1698), was daughter to King Christian IV of Denmark and Kirsten Munk and wife of the Steward of the Realm, the traitor Count Corfitz Ulfeldt. Renowned in Denmark since the 19th century for her posthumously published autobiography Jammers Minde, written secretly during two decades of solitary confinement in a royal dungeon, her intimate version of the major events she witnessed in Europe's history, interwoven with ruminations on her woes as a political prisoner, still commands popular interest and scholarly respect, and has virtually become the stuff of legend as retold and enlivened in Danish literature and art.

Jammers Minde
Jammers Minde (literally A Memory of Lament), translated into English as Memoirs of Leonora Christina, is an autobiography completed in 1674 by Leonora Christina, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark and Kirsten Munk. The work, first published in 1869, is included in the Danish Culture Canon. It is considered to be the finest piece of prose work written in 17th-century Denmark. It relates a partly fictionalized account of Christina's time during captivity, with a detailed personal account of prison life, often drawing upon biblical references and black humour, and contrasting the comical with the macabre.  Radical for its period in its personal account, it is considered an existential religious writing.