hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Martin Gruebele
Martin Gruebele (born January 10, 1964, in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German-born American physical chemist and biophysicist who is currently emeritus James R. Eiszner Chair in Chemistry, Professor of Physics, Professor of Biophysics and Computational Biology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.

Nancy Makri
Nancy Makri (born September 5, 1962) is the Edward William and Jane Marr Gutgsell Endowed Professor of Chemistry and Physics at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign,  where she leads research into the theoretical understanding of condensed phase quantum dynamics.   She studies theoretical quantum dynamics of polyatomic systems, and has developed methods for long-time numerical path integral simulations of quantum dissipative systems.
Datu Tampugaw
Datu Amay-Tampugaw (25 September 1886 – c. 1934), also spelled Amai Tampugao, known as Sultan Tampugao of Tubaran, was a Filipino politician who became member of the House of Representatives representing Mindanao and Sulu from 1919 to 1925. Before becoming a member, he was sultan of the Royal House of Pagayawan, Confederate States of Lanao.

Confederate States of Lanao
The Confederate States of Lanao (Maranao: Pat a Pangampong sa Ranao, "Four States of Lanao") is a legislative confederation of the four Maranao states (pangampong) of Bayabao, Masiu, Unayan, and Balo-i centered around Lake Lanao in the center of the island of Mindanao, Philippines.

This confederation is also sometimes inaccurately referred to as simply the Lanao Sultanate or Sultanate of Lanao.

The Confederate States of Lanao, specifically its sultanates, still exists in modern-day Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. However, all of the Lanao royal houses do not hold any political power in the Philippines.
Unused drug
An unused drug or leftover drug is the medicine which remains after the consumer has quit using it. Individual patients may have leftover medicines at the end of their treatment. Health care organizations may keep larger amounts of drugs as part of providing care to a community, and may have unused drugs for a range of reasons. The unused drugs should be destroyed utterly to eliminate the toxic effects of undisposed drugs on flora and fauna. The improper disposal of unused drugs could be the reason for the contamination of Surface, Ground and Drinking Water. Discharge of unused antibiotics and disinfectants in the sewage system may ruin the aquatic life or contamination of drinking water.

The determination of appropriate ways for disposal of unused medications can predict the number of contamination problems of the environment. There are several studies which evidence the toxic effects of medications on the environment which are disposed of inappropriately.

Drug disposal
Drug disposal is the discarding of drugs. Individuals commonly dispose of unused drugs that remain after the end of medical treatment. Health care organizations dispose of drugs on a larger scale for a range of reasons, including having leftover drugs after treating patients and discarding of expired drugs. Failure to properly dispose of drugs creates opportunities for others (of whom the drug is unintended) to take them inappropriately.  Inappropriate disposal of drugs can also cause drug pollution.

People dispose of drugs in various ways; even organizations with expertise on drugs may give inconsistent information to consumers about drug disposal. Proper waste management system including distribution, control, and disposal not only helps the Healthcare Centres but also promote environmental health.
Masausi, American Samoa
The village of Masausi is a locality in the Eastern District of American Samoa. Masausi is situated near the villages of Sa'ilele and Utuloa. The village is reached from a road in Faga’itua. An archeoligcal site known as AS-23-7 is located at Masausi. Along the coast, between the Vaipito and Panota Streams, Kirch and Hunt collected two artifacts. One was a butt of a roughly flaked, quadrangular adze.

The Community-Based Fisheries Program (CFMP) was established in 2000 to empower villages in American Samoa to develop and implement their own marine protection policies. This initiative encourages local stewardship of marine resources, with several villages, including Masausi (home to the Masausi Village Marine Protected Area), voluntarily participating in the program. By 2016, Village Marine Protected Areas (VMPAs) collectively encompassed approximately 25% of the coral reef areas in American Samoa.

Saʻilele, American Samoa
Saʻilele is a village on the north shore in the Eastern District of Tutuila Island in American Samoa. It is reached from a cross-island road which leads north from the village of Fagaʻitua. On a track east of the village is a burial ground where some aliʻi (high chiefs) were buried.

Saʻilele was home to the only pre-Christian temple ever documented on Tutuila Island: Saʻilele Mālumālu. The temple consisted of a small fale about ten feet in length, covered by a low roof. The structure was set in a thick and sacred grove of coconut trees. Rocks discovered inside the temple were referred to as The Immovable Rock, The Enduring Power and The Rock Fixed in the Kingdom.

In 2002, Saʻilele's highest chief, Matua, Togiola Talalelei A. Tulafono, became Governor of American Samoa.: 79
AdBlock
AdBlock is an ad-blocking browser extension for Google Chrome, Apple Safari (desktop and mobile), Firefox, Samsung Internet, Microsoft Edge and Opera. AdBlock allows users to prevent page elements, such as advertisements, from being displayed. It is free to download and use, and it includes optional donations to the developers. The AdBlock extension was created on December 8, 2009, which is the day that supports for extensions was added to Google Chrome. It was one of the first Google Chrome extensions that was made.

Since 2016, AdBlock has been based on the Adblock Plus source code.

In July 2018, AdBlock acquired uBlock, a commercial ad-blocker owned by uBlock LLC and based on uBlock Origin.

In April 2021, eyeo GmbH (developer of Adblock Plus) announced its purchase of AdBlock, Inc (formerly BetaFish, Inc).

Ad blocking
Ad blocking (or ad filtering) is a software capability for blocking or altering online advertising in a web browser, an application or a network. This may be done using browser extensions or other methods, such as browsers with inside blocking.
Girolamo Donnini
Girolamo Donnini (18 April 1681 – 1743) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, born in the town of Correggio, Emilia-Romagna. He was a pupil of the painters Francesco Stringa in Modena, and then of Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole in Bologna, then traveled to Forlì to work with Carlo Cignani.

Carlo Cignani
Carlo Cignani (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkarlo tʃiɲˈɲaːni]; 15 May 1628 – 8 September 1719) was an Italian painter. His innovative style referred to as his 'new manner' introduced a reflective, intimate mood of painting and presaged the later pictures of Guido Reni and Guercino, as well as those of Simone Cantarini. This gentle manner marked a break with the more energetic style of earlier Bolognese classicism of the Bolognese School of painting.
The Two Girls (1951 film)
The Two Girls (French: Les deux gamines) is a 1951 French drama film directed by Maurice de Canonge and starring Léo Marjane, Suzy Prim and Jean-Jacques Delbo. The same story had previously been made into a 1921 silent film of the same title and a 1936 sound film.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin. It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris.

The Two Girls (1936 film)
The Two Girls (French: Les deux gamines) is a 1936 French drama film directed by Maurice Champreux and René Hervil and starring Abel Tarride, Jacqueline Daix and Alice Tissot. It was based on a novel which was also turned into a 1921 silent film and a 1951 sound film.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Claude Bouxin.
Local Lore Museum of Goris
The Local Lore Museum of Goris (arm. Գորիսի երկրագիտական թանգարան) is the first museum in the Syunik marz of Armenia. The museum opened in 1948 and was originally located in an abandoned church. Located in the center of the city of Goris, it houses a collection of over 5,000 ethnographic and archaeological objects that tell the story of the region's cultural heritage, history, and traditions.

Goris
Goris (Armenian: Գորիս [ɡɔˈɾis]) is a town and the centre of the Goris Municipality in the Syunik Province in southern Armenia. Located in the valley of the Goris (or Vararak) River, it is 254 kilometres from the Armenian capital Yerevan and 67 kilometres from the provincial capital Kapan. Goris is the second largest city in Syunik in terms of population. As of the 2022 census, it had a population of 17,113, down from the 20,591 reported in the 2011 census. Goris is the seat of the Diocese of Syunik of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

Goris is considered one of the most important historical and cultural sites of Armenia. It is often regarded as the cultural center of Syunik. Because of this, it is a favored tourist destination for both local and foreign travelers and has a large number of hotels and inns.
3rd International Film Festival of India
The 3rd International Film Festival of India was held from 8 to 21 January 1965 in New Delhi. The third edition was the first competitive film festival ever held in India, inaugurated by the then President of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The festival Chaired by Satyajit Ray for the first time was graded ‘A’ category by the Paris - based Federation International de Producers de Films. With this recognition the festival in India came on par with Cannes, Berlin, Venice, Karlovy Vary and Moscow International film festivals.

IFFI Best Film Award
The IFFI Best Film Award (officially known as the Golden Peacock for the Best Feature Film) is the main prize of the International Film Festival of India presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with the Golden Peacock a representation of the Peacock, India’s national bird, with a permanent motto of the festival Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The whole world is a family). The award is announced for films produced in a year across the world. The award was instituted in 1965 from the 3rd IFFI competitive edition.
Sprague Brook Park
Sprague Brook Park is a 974-acre (3.94 km2) county park in the hamlet of Glenwood in Erie County, New York. It is operated by the Erie County Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry, and it is the only park managed by Erie County that offers overnight camping facilities. Access to the park is free and it is open year-round.

Erie County, New York
Erie County is a county along the shore of Lake Erie in the western region of the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 census, the population was 954,236. However, in 2023 the estimated population was 946,147. The county seat is Buffalo, which makes up about 28% of the county's population. Both the county and Lake Erie were named for the regional Iroquoian language-speaking Erie tribe of Native Americans, who lived in the area before 1654. They were later pushed out by the more powerful Iroquoian nations tribes. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Erie County, along with its northern neighbor Niagara County, makes up the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the second largest in the State of New York behind New York City. The county's southern part is known as the Southtowns.
South Charleston, Ohio
South Charleston is a village in Clark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,706 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Springfield, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Despite its name implying that South Charleston is related to a city named Charleston, there is no city by that name in Ohio.

Clark County, Ohio
Clark County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 136,001. Its county seat and largest city is Springfield. The county was created on March 1, 1818, and was named for General George Rogers Clark, a hero of the American Revolution. Clark County comprises the Springfield, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Dayton-Springfield-Sidney-OH Combined Statistical Area.
Western Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut
The Western Connecticut Planning Region is a planning region and county-equivalent in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is served by the coterminous Western Connecticut Council of Governments (WestCOG), one of nine regional councils of governments in Connecticut. Within the region, there are two Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), South Western CT MPO and the Housatonic Valley MPO.

The region includes the Connecticut Panhandle, Greater Danbury, and the Gold Coast. In 2022, planning regions were approved to replace Connecticut's counties as county-equivalents for statistical purposes, with full implementation occurring in 2024.

WestCOG serves as the state's closest planning region to New York. All towns within the planning region are included within the New York Metropolitan Area, with towns like Greenwich & Stamford being hubs for commuters who work in the city.

Greenwich, Connecticut
Greenwich (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch) is a town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Connecticut's affluent Gold Coast. Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and financial services firms due to its residential setting and proximity to Manhattan.

Greenwich is a principal community of the Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk–Danbury metropolitan statistical area, which comprises all of Fairfield County, and is part of both the greater New York metropolitan area and the Western Connecticut Planning Region. The town is the southwesternmost municipality in both the State of Connecticut and the six-state region of New England. The town is named after Greenwich, a royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.
E. Ballard Baker
E. Ballard Baker (October 25, 1917 – March 1985) was a Virginia jurist who served briefly as the first Chief Judge of the newly created Court of Appeals of Virginia before his death in 1985.  He was succeeded as Chief Judge by Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. and the vacancy on the Court created by his death was filled by Judge Marvin Frederick Cole.

Lawrence L. Koontz Jr.
Lawrence Larkins Koontz Jr. (January 25, 1940 – March 16, 2025) was an American judge who was Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Justice Koontz served at every level of court in the Virginia judicial system, having ascended to the bench after a serving as an Assistant Commonwealth's Attorney in Roanoke and a brief period of private practice when he was appointed to the Juvenile Court of the City of Roanoke (later the 23rd District Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court following the reform of the Virginia Court System) in 1968. He was elected by the General Assembly to the 23rd Circuit Court in 1976. Justice Koontz judicial career spanned 57 years including his service in Senior Status with the Supreme Court, one of the longest judicial careers of a Virginia Jurist.
Ha*Ash (album)
Ha*Ash is the self-titled debut album by American Latin pop duo Ha*Ash. It was officially released on May 11, 2003, under the Sony Music label.

Five singles and one promotional single were released from the album. Its lead single, "Odio Amarte", was released in April 2003. "Estés Donde Estés" was chosen as the album's second single, released in 2003. The next singles were "Te Quedaste", "Soy Mujer" and "Si Pruebas una Vez".

Te Quedaste
"Te Quedaste" (transl. "You Stayed") is a Latin pop song recorded by American duo Ha*Ash. It was first included on Ha*Ash's first studio album Ha*Ash (2003) where it was released as the third single and then included on their live album deluxe Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad (2015).
Jessica Aguilar
Jessica Aguilar (born May 8, 1982) is a Mexican mixed martial artist who competes in RIZIN. At the time of her voluntary departure from World Series of Fighting, she was the reigning WSOF Women's Strawweight Champion. Aguilar previously competed for Bellator Fighting Championships and  Ultimate Fighting Championship.

Carla Esparza
Carla Kristen Esparza (born October 10, 1987) is an American former professional mixed martial artist and wrestler who most recently competed in the women's Strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where she is a former two-time UFC Women's Strawweight Champion. Esparza was the first UFC Strawweight Champion, the first Invicta FC Strawweight Champion, and was generally considered the best Strawweight fighter in the world during both title reigns. She first earned the UFC championship by winning a 16-woman tournament that was televised on the reality series The Ultimate Fighter. She also competed in Bellator MMA's first women's tournament.
The Word Alive
The Word Alive is an American metalcore band formed in Phoenix in 2008. The band was signed to Fearless Records since their formation. In 2022, they changed their label and signed to Thriller Records. The band consists of vocalist Tyler Smith, bassist Daniel Shapiro, guitarist and keyboardist Jose DelRio, guitarist Logan Abernethy, and drummer Devin Attard. Their second EP, Empire reached No. 15 on the Top Heatseekers, meeting a great amount of positive acclaim upon its release in 2009. In 2010, the group recorded their debut studio album, Deceiver and released it on August 31, 2010. It reached No. 97 on the Billboard 200 and No.15 on Independent Albums.

Deceiver (The Word Alive album)
Deceiver is the debut studio album by American metalcore band The Word Alive. It was released on August 31, 2010, through Fearless Records. The title derives from a passage of lyrics within the chorus of the song "The Wretched".

With anticipation of the album following up to their critically acclaimed EP Empire, the band promoted the album for several months until leading to its release. It was produced by Andrew Wade and is the first and only release by the band with drummer Justin Salinas, yet final with bassist Nicholas Urlacher and keyboardist, Dusty Riach. A deluxe edition of the record was released on June 7, 2011, and features bonus content consisting of four remixed tracks along with two previously unreleased songs and the music videos for the songs "2012" and "The Wretched".
M-108 (Michigan highway)
M-108 was a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan. The highway followed Nicolet Street, although some maps also labeled it as Mackinaw Highway. The road was on the boundary between Emmet and Cheboygan counties.

The original M-108 designation dated back to 1928. This version was transferred to local control in 1957, but revived later under a similar routing in 1960. On April 29, 2010, the Petoskey News-Review reported that the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) would rebuild the roadway in preparation to transfer it back to local control once again. MDOT and local officials signed memoranda of understanding, completing the transfer of the roadway on December 9, 2010.

Cheboygan County, Michigan
Cheboygan County (/ʃəˈbɔɪɡən/ shə-BOY-gən) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,579. The county seat is Cheboygan. The county boundaries were set off in 1840, with land partitioned from Michilimackinac County.  The Cheboygan County government was organized and combined with the former Wyandot County in 1853.
Hypertime
Hypertime is a fictional concept in DC Comics which first appeared in the 1999 The Kingdom limited series. It is a variation of the multiverse concept that existed in DC Comics before 1985's Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series and was created by Mark Waid and Grant Morrison.

Hypertime, described in The Kingdom #2 as "the vast interconnected web of parallel time-lines which comprise all reality", was an attempt by Waid to resolve the various tangled continuity issues that were supposed to have been solved by Crisis on Infinite Earths. Keith Dallas and Jason Sacks wrote: "Through Hypertime, Waid sought to resolve the contradictions in DC's continuity once and for all. Indeed, Hypertime allows for contradictions because anything that didn't make sense can be attributed to overlapping timelines".

Separately, in philosophy, hypertime (or supertime) is a concept proposed as part of the moving spotlight theory of time.

Multiverse (DC Comics)
In most of the DC Comics media, the Multiverse is a "cosmic construct" that is composed of the many universes the stories of DC media take place in. The worlds within the multiverse share a space and fate in common, and its structure has changed several times in the history of DC Comics.
Fermion doubling
In lattice field theory, fermion doubling occurs when naively putting fermionic fields on a lattice, resulting in more fermionic states than expected. For the naively discretized Dirac fermions in  Euclidean dimensions, each fermionic field results in  identical fermion species, referred to as different tastes of the fermion. The fermion doubling problem is intractably linked to chiral invariance by the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem. Most strategies used to solve the problem require using modified fermions which reduce to the Dirac fermion only in the continuum limit.

Lattice gauge theory
In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice.

Gauge theories are important in particle physics, and include the prevailing theories of elementary particles: quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and particle physics' Standard Model. Non-perturbative gauge theory calculations in continuous spacetime formally involve evaluating an infinite-dimensional path integral, which is computationally intractable. By working on a discrete spacetime, the path integral becomes finite-dimensional, and can be evaluated by stochastic simulation techniques such as the Monte Carlo method.  When the size of the lattice is taken infinitely large and its sites infinitesimally close to each other, the continuum gauge theory is recovered.
Carbrooke
Carbrooke is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Watton, 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Thetford, and 18 miles (29 km) west of Norwich. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 2,684, an increase from 2,073 at the 2011 census.

Watton, Norfolk
Watton is a market town in the Breckland district of Norfolk, England, about 25 miles (40 km) west-southwest of Norwich and 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Thetford. The annual Wayland Agricultural Show in its west is one of the oldest one-day such shows in England.
Aviemore railway station
Aviemore railway station serves the town and tourist resort of Aviemore in the Highlands of Scotland. The station, which is owned by Network Rail (NR) and managed by ScotRail, is on the Highland Main Line, 83 miles 31 chains (134.2 kilometres) from Perth, between Kingussie and Carrbridge, and is also the southern terminus of the Strathspey preserved railway.

Perth railway station (Scotland)
Perth railway station serves the city of Perth, Scotland. It lies on both the Glasgow–Dundee line and the Highland Main Line. It is managed by ScotRail, which provides the majority of services, with London North Eastern Railway and the Caledonian Sleeper. It is sited 151 miles 25 chains (243.5 km) from Carlisle, via Stirling, Cumbernauld and Motherwell; and 86 miles 77 chains (140 km) from Edinburgh Waverley, via Kirkcaldy and Inverkeithing.