hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cave-dwelling Jews
Cave dwelling Jews, also cave Jews or troglodyte Jews (from the French phrase Juifs troglodytes), were Jewish communities that dwelled in man-made caves in the mountains. The best known communities of this type existed in the Gharyan Plateau ("Jebel Gharyan") area of the Nafusa Mountains in Libya, and are commonly referred to as Gharyan Jews. These communities no longer exist today.

Gharyan
Gharyan is a city in northwestern Libya, in Jabal al Gharbi District, located 80 km south of Tripoli. Gharyan is one of the largest towns in the district. Prior to 2007, it was the administrative seat of Gharyan District.

In 2005, the population of Gharyan was estimated at 170,000, and it had grown to over 187,000 by 2011.
Amanda McBaine
Amanda McBaine is an American film director and producer. She has co-directed and produced Boys State (2020), and The Mission (2023) with Jesse Moss. She has additionally produced The Overnighters (2014), The Bandit (2016), and Mayor Pete (2021).

The Mission (2023 film)
The Mission is a 2023 American documentary film directed and produced by Amanda McBaine and Jesse Moss. It explores the death of American missionary John Allen Chau, who was killed by arrows during a self-initiated mission involving an indigenous group of the Andaman Islands, the Sentinelese.

It had its world premiere at the 50th Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2023, and was released on October 13, 2023, by Picturehouse.
Decoded (Chinese TV series)
Decoded (Chinese: 解密; pinyin: Jiěmì) is a 2016 Chinese television series based on the novel of the same name by Mai Jia. Directed by An Jian, it stars Cheney Chen, Ying Er, Jing Chao, Zhang Zhehan and Ady An. It was aired on Hunan TV from 20 June to 16 July 2016.

The series topped ratings chart and had over 6 billion views online during its domestic broadcast, but received mixed critical reviews. It was later aired via GetTV in the United States.

Chen Xuedong
Chen Xuedong (simplified Chinese: 陈学冬; traditional Chinese: 陳學冬; pinyin: Chén Xuédōng, born 28 June 1990), also known as Cheney Chen, is a Chinese actor and singer.  He is best known for his role as Zhou Chongguang in the film series Tiny Times (2013–2015).
Suusamyr Valley
Suusamyr Valley stretches for 150 km from west (from Alabel Pass at an altitude of 3,184 m) to east (up to Karakol Pass at 3,452 m). Its area is 4,300 km2 (1,700 sq mi). The section from the confluence of the Ötmök and Suusamyr rivers to the mouth of the Joojyurok valley (or where the Sokuuluk river flows into Western Karakol) is wide and flat, extending for 80–85 km. The widest part — at the point where Töö Ashuu and the highest peak of the Suusamyr Too (4,048 m) face each other (at the head of Üchömchök) — is 45 km wide. The valley gradually narrows and rises in elevation as it moves westward. The valley is located in Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan.

Suusamyr (river)
The Suusamyr (Kyrgyz: Суусамыр) is a river in Jayyl District of Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Starting at Ala-Bel Pass, where the Talas Ala-Too and Suusamyr Too meet, it flows eastwards along Suusamyr Valley. The Suusamyr is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long, and has a drainage basin of 2,410 square kilometres (930 sq mi). The average annual flow is 39.3 m³/s. The riverbanks are wide and marshy, and in some areas, it splits into multiple branches, with a floodplain several kilometers wide. The lower reaches have shrub and forest vegetation along the banks. The river is fed by snow, glaciers, and springs. It swells in April and recedes by September. The Suusamyr's confluence with the Batysh Karakol (Western Karakol) forms the Kökömeren. The village of Suusamyr is located along its banks.
Moldulhøi
Moldulhøi is a mountain on the border of Skjåk Municipality and Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 2,044-metre (6,706 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of the village of Bismo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Lomseggje and Lendfjellet to the east, Storhøe to the south, Sandgrovhøi and Hesthøi to the southwest, Hestdalshøgdi to the west, and Tverrfjellet to the northwest.

Tverrfjellet (Skjåk)
Tverrfjellet is a mountain in Skjåk Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The 1,903-metre (6,243 ft) tall mountain is located in the Breheimen mountains and inside the Breheimen National Park, about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) southwest of the village of Bismo. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Gjuvkampen to the north, Lomseggje to the east, Moldulhøi and Sandgrovhøi to the southeast, Hesthøi to the south, Hestdalshøgdi to the southwest, and Grjothøi.
Hum Se Badkar Kaun
Hum Se Badhkar Kaun is a 1981 Indian Hindi-language action-adventure film directed by Deepak Bahry, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Vijayendra Ghatge, Ranjeeta, Amjad Khan, Danny Denzongpa, Kajal Kiran and Ranjeet.

Kajal Kiran
Kajal Kiran (born 18 October 1958 as Sunita Kulkarni, also credited as Kaajal Kiran) is a former Indian actress and model, who is known for her work in Hindi films. Kiran made her debut starring in the film Hum Kisise Kum Naheen (1977) and appeared in almost 40 Hindi films and a handful of Kannada, Tamil and Malayalam films in a career spanning 13–14 years.
Lulu Pinkus
Lulu Pinkus is an Australian screenwriter, producer, stage, film and television actress. She made appearances on numerous television crime and police dramas during the 1970s and early 80s, including a nine-episode stint on Prisoner, as well as supporting roles in a number of feature films. She was also the wife of Yahoo Serious and has been involved in producing all of his films: Young Einstein, Reckless Kelly and Mr. Accident. Pinkus is also an accomplished artist, having been featured in several art exhibitions.

Yahoo Serious
Yahoo Serious (born Greg  Pead; born 27 July 1953) is an Australian actor. His films include the comedy films Young Einstein (1988), Reckless Kelly (1993), and Mr. Accident (2000). Serious writes, directs, produces, stars in, and has composed the scores for his movies.
Henry Ephron
Henry Ephron (May 26, 1911 – September 6, 1992) was an American playwright, screenwriter and film producer. He often worked with his wife, Phoebe (née Wolkind) and was active as a writer from the early 1940s through the early 1960s.

Phoebe Ephron
Phoebe Ephron (née Wolkind; January 26, 1914 – October 13, 1971) was an American playwright and screenwriter. She often worked with Henry Ephron, her husband, whom she wed in 1934.

Ephron was born in New York City to Louis and Kate (née Lautkin) Wolkind, a dress manufacturer. Her family is Jewish.

Ephron was active as a writer from the early 1940s through the early 1960s. Her four daughters – Nora Ephron, Delia Ephron, Hallie Ephron and Amy Ephron – all became writers like their parents. Ephron was nominated for an Oscar for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, along with writing partners Richard L. Breen and husband Henry Ephron, for their work on Captain Newman, M.D. (1963). She died in 1971, aged 57, in New York City.
Eirik Hegdal
Eirik Hegdal (born 3 October 1973 in Gjøvik, Norway) is a Norwegian Jazz musician (saxophone), composer, arranger and music teacher, known from the band Dingobats (1995-2005) and as leader of Trondheim Jazz Orchestra (from 2002).

Mats Eilertsen
Mats Eilertsen (born 4 March 1975) is a Norwegian jazz musician and composer. He is known for recording with numerous bands, including the Maria Kannegaard Trio, Ola Kvernberg, Nils Økland, Eldbjørg Raknes, Anders Aarum Trio, Eirik Hegdal, Sverre Gjørvad, Nymark Collective, SKRUK, «Jazzmob», «Dingobats», Håkon Kornstad Trio, Food with Iain Ballamy, Jacob Young Band, Solveig Slettahjell's Slow Motion Orchestra, Håvard Wiik Trio, and «JazzCode».
National Highway 71 (India)
National Highway 71 (NH 71) (previously National Highway 205) is a National Highway in India, that lies completely in the state of Andhra Pradesh. This highway passes through Temple city Tirupati and connects with Coastal Andhra Pradesh.  The western terminal starts at the junction of National Highway 42 near Madanapalle and terminates at the junction of National Highway 16 near Naidupeta in the east.

Madanapalle
Madanapalle is a City and District headquarters of Annamayya district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.  Madanapalle is headquarters of Madanapalle Mandal, Madanapalle revenue division and PKM Urban Development Authority.
River Rise Preserve State Park
River Rise Preserve State Park is a Florida state park, located six miles north of High Springs, off U.S. Route 441. Its name derives from it being where the Santa Fe River comes to the surface after having traveled underground for some distance beneath adjacent O'Leno State Park, one of Florida's original state parks. River Rise Preserve Stare Park took shape in 1974 when 4,500 acres were acquired by the state for it.

The natural land bridge over the Santa Fe River where it travels underground for three miles serves as an important corridor for indigenous tribes, for the Spanish who incorporated it into their Mission Trail also known as El Camino Real, and for early American Florida that utilized the same crossing as part of the Bellamy Road.

O'Leno State Park
O'Leno State Park is a Florida State Park located on the Santa Fe River  six miles north of High Springs on U.S. 441. Many facilities at the park were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s.
Zed Nelson
Zik Nelson (born 1965, 1967 or 1968), known professionally as Zed Nelson, is a British documentary photographer and filmmaker who works on long-term projects about contemporary social issues. He lives in London.

In 1999, his Gun Nation photography series, about guns in America, won the Visa d'or Feature Award at Visa pour l'Image and a First prize World Press Photo award. Prints from Gun Nation are held in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. In 2010, his Love Me photography series, about Western beauty ideals, won a First prize award from Pictures of the Year International. The Anthropocene Illusion is about the fractured relationship between humans and the natural world, for which he was awarded Photographer of the Year at the 2025 Sony World Photography Awards.

Nelson's films include Gun Nation (2016), a follow-up to his book; and The Street (2019), about gentrification in London.

Gun Nation
Gun Nation is a 2016 documentary film directed and produced by British photographer and filmmaker Zed Nelson. The film explores issues surrounding gun ownership, gun violence, and gun culture in the United States and marks 18 years since the director's award-winning photography book of the same name. It was commissioned by The Guardian and by the Bertha Foundation, executive produced by Charlie Phillips and released online on 16 September 2016. The film was the first production to be screened in the documentary section of The Guardian.
Rymnio
Rymnio (Greek: Ρύμνιο) is a village located in Aiani municipal unit, Kozani regional unit, in the Greek region of Macedonia. It is situated on the south shore of the Aliakmon River at an altitude of 330 meters. At the 2021 census, the population was 115. The town of Kozani, the seat of the region, is 29 km from Rymnio.

Aiani
Aiani (Greek: Αιανή, before 1926: Καλλιανή - Kalliani) is a town and a former municipality in the Kozani regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kozani, of which it is a municipal unit and historical seat  of the municipality of Kozani. It is located near Haliacmon river and is 22 km south of the city of Kozani. The municipal community of Aianis is classified as an urban semi-mountainous settlement. The 2021 census recorded 1,586 residents in the village and 2,826 residents in municipal unit of Aiani. The municipal unit has an area of 156.004 km2, the community 52.336 km2.
Bungendore
Bungendore is a town in the Southern Tablelands Region of New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.  It is on the Kings Highway near Lake George, the Molonglo River Valley and the Australian Capital Territory border.  It has become a major tourist centre in recent years, popular with visitors from Canberra and some of it has heritage protection.  It has expanded rapidly in recent years as a dormitory town of Canberra.

Braidwood, New South Wales
Braidwood is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, in Queanbeyan–Palerang Regional Council. It is located on the  Kings Highway linking Canberra with Batemans Bay. It is approximately 200 kilometres south west of Sydney,  60 kilometres inland from the coast, and 55 kilometres east of Canberra. Braidwood is a service town for the surrounding district which is based on sheep and cattle grazing, and forestry operations.
Fama–French three-factor model
In asset pricing and portfolio management, the Fama–French three-factor model is a statistical model designed in 1992 by Eugene Fama and Kenneth French to describe stock returns. Fama and French were colleagues at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, where Fama still works. In 2013, Fama shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his empirical analysis of asset prices. The three factors are:

Market excess return,

Outperformance of small versus big companies, and

Outperformance of high book/market versus low book/market companies

There is academic debate about the last two factors.

Kenneth French
Kenneth Ronald "Ken" French (born March 10, 1954) is the Roth Family Distinguished Professor of Finance at the Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College.  He has previously been a faculty member at MIT, the Yale School of Management, and the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

He has worked on asset pricing with Eugene Fama. They wrote a series of papers that cast doubt on the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), which posits that a stock's beta alone should explain its average return. These papers describe two factors above and beyond a stock's market beta which can explain differences in stock returns: market capitalization and "value". They also offer evidence that a variety of patterns in average returns, often labeled as "anomalies" in past work, can be explained with their Fama–French three-factor model.
Swift Engineering
Swift Engineering is an American engineering firm that builds autonomous systems, helicopters, submarines, spacecraft, ground vehicles, robotics, and composite parts. The chairman and CEO is Hiro Matsushita, a former racecar driver and grandson of the founder of Panasonic, Konosuke Matsushita.

Swift used to produce racing cars for open-wheel racing series including Formula Ford, Formula Atlantic, the Champ Car World Series and Formula Nippon.
They company has designed and manufactured over 500 race cars.

Swift is certified to AS9100, ISO 14001 and ISO 27000.

Kōnosuke Matsushita
Kōnosuke Matsushita (松下 幸之助, Matsushita Kōnosuke; 27 November 1894 – 27 April 1989) was a Japanese industrialist who founded Panasonic, the largest Japanese consumer electronics company. Matsushita is referred to as the "God of Management" in Japan.
Susquehannock Trail System
The Susquehannock Trail System (STS) is an 83.4-mile (134.2 km) loop hiking trail in Susquehannock State Forest in Potter County (with a few short segments in Clinton County) in north-central Pennsylvania, United States. The trail walks through two state parks and passes near three more state parks. It also traverses Hammersley Wild Area, the largest area in Pennsylvania without a road. The loop is supplemented by two cross-connector trails, several short access trails, a shared path with the Donut Hole Trail, and two connectors to the Black Forest Trail. The STS is the oldest backpacking trail in Pennsylvania, and has been noted for its solitude while traversing remote areas with few signs of civilization. The STS also includes several overnight shelters.

Susquehannock State Forest
Susquehannock State Forest is a Pennsylvania state forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #15.  The main office is located in Coudersport in Potter County, Pennsylvania in the United States.

Susquehannock State Forest is located chiefly in Potter County, with small tracts in McKean and Clinton Counties. The forest is named for the Susquehannocks, a Native American tribe who once lived in the Susquehanna River basin. Forrest H. Dutlinger Natural Area and Hammersley Wild Area (the second largest roadless area in the state) receive extra protection. The state forest hosts the Susquehannock Trail System, an 83-mile (134 km) loop hiking trail almost entirely on state forest land.
Whirlpool Aero Car
The Whirlpool Aero Car or Spanish Aero Car is a cable car located in Niagara Falls, Ontario that transports passengers over a section of the Niagara River referred to as the Niagara Whirlpool. The system was designed by Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo and has been upgraded several times since 1916 (in 1961, 1967, 1984 and 2023).
The system uses one car that carries 35 standing passengers over a one-kilometre trip.

Niagara Whirlpool
The Niagara Whirlpool is a natural whirlpool within the Niagara River located along the Canada–U.S. border between New York and Ontario.  The whirlpool is in the Niagara Gorge, downstream from Niagara Falls. The whirlpool's greatest depth is 125 feet (38 m).

There are two state/provincial parks located alongside the whirlpool: Whirlpool State Park, on the US side, and Niagara Glen Nature Reserve, on the Canadian side.
Carlota Gooden
Carlota Gooden (born 7 June 1936) is a Panamanian sprinter. She was the first woman to represent Panama at the Olympics.

She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres Relay (with Jean Holmes-Mitchell, Marcela Daniel, and Silvia Hunte), third in the 1959 Pan American Games 60 metres and third in the 1959 Pan American Games 100 metres. She was descended from Barbadian canal workers. In 1955, she earned an athletic scholarship to Tuskegee University, one of the premier African American women's track programs.

Marcela Daniel
Marcela Theresa Daniel (later Kitt; born 10 August 1943) is a Panamanian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics. She finished second in the 1959 Pan American Games 4 × 100 metres relay (with Carlota Gooden, Jean Holmes-Mitchell, and Silvia Hunte).
Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park
The Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park is a state historic park of California, United States, interpreting Native American cultures of the Great Basin and surrounding regions.  The park and its grounds are situated on the Antelope Valley's rural east side in northern Los Angeles County, California.

The museum contains the combined collections of H. Arden Edwards and subsequent owner and anthropology student Grace Oliver. The exhibits represent and interpret Native Americans groups, both aboriginal and contemporary, of the Southwest, Great Basin, and Californian cultural regions. A number of the artifacts on display are rare or one-of-a-kind items.

The museum was originally constructed by homesteader/artist H. Arden Edwards in 1928. The chalet-style structure was built over the rock formation of Piute Butte in the Mojave Desert. The unusual folk art structure, originally used as a home, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Antelope Valley
The Antelope Valley is a valley primarily located in northern Los Angeles County, California, United States and the southeast portion of Kern County, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi, Sierra Pelona, and the San Gabriel Mountains.  The valley was named for the pronghorns that roamed there until they were all eliminated in the 1880s, mostly by hunting, or resettled in other areas. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.
Stationary increments
In probability theory, a stochastic process is said to have stationary increments if its change only depends on the time span of observation, but not on the time when the observation was started. Many large families of stochastic processes have stationary increments either by definition (e.g. Lévy processes) or by construction (e.g. random walks)

Lévy process
In probability theory, a Lévy process, named after the French mathematician Paul Lévy, is a stochastic process  with independent, stationary increments: it represents the motion of a point whose successive displacements are random, in which displacements in pairwise disjoint time intervals are independent, and displacements in different time intervals of the same length have identical probability distributions. A Lévy process may thus be viewed as the continuous-time analog of a random walk.

The most well known examples of Lévy processes are the  Wiener process, often called the Brownian motion process, and the Poisson process. Further important examples include the Gamma process, the Pascal process, and the Meixner process. Aside from Brownian motion with drift, all other proper (that is, not deterministic) Lévy processes have discontinuous paths. All Lévy processes are additive processes.
Vinje (village)
Vinje is a village in Vinje Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located near the northwest end of the lake Vinjevatn. The European route E134 highway runs through the village, right past Vinje Church on its way towards the village of Åmot about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the southeast.

Vinjesvingen is the name of a particular area in the northwest part of the village. This is a road fork where the European route E134 highway meets the Norwegian County Road 3408 which goes to Tokke Municipality. The Battle of Vinjesvingen took place at this site during World War II.

European route E134
European route E134 (Norwegian: Europavei 134) is a European highway that crosses Norway starting at Haugesund Airport, Karmøy near the city of Haugesund on the west coast, heading over Haukeli, passing the city of Drammen, and ending in Vassum on the east side of the Oslofjord Tunnel.

With the highest point at 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, the road is sensitive to snow conditions and foul weather during the winter season, during which the mountainous sections, especially near Haukelifjell skiing center, may be closed in short periods. The stretch of road through the mountains is called Haukelifjell.
Jacques Durand (publisher)
Marie-Jacques Massacrié-Durand (22 February 1865 – 22 August 1928) was a French music publisher and composer, sometimes under the pseudonym J. Samm. The family's publishing house, Éditions Durand, published works by many of Durand's contemporaries, including Claude Debussy, Paul Dukas, Gabriel Fauré, Jacques Ibert, Darius Milhaud, Maurice Ravel and Camille Saint-Saëns.

Éditions Durand
Éditions Durand (French pronunciation: [edisjɔ̃ dyʁɑ̃]) are a music publishing company of French origin, among the most important in the field of classical music, which includes three previously independent publishers:

Éditions Durand — the oldest of the three companies — established in 1869 by Auguste Durand and Louis Schönewerk.

Éditions Salabert established in 1878 by Édouard Salabert and run from 1901 by his son, Francis Salabert

Éditions Eschig established in 1907 by Max Eschig.
St. Anne's Market
St. Anne's Market (French: Marché Sainte-Anne) was a public auction house located at Place d'Youville in Old Montreal. From 1844 to 1849, it served as the home of the Legislative Council and Assembly during the pre-Confederation era. On April 25, 1849, the building was burned down by Loyalist rioters.

Place d'Youville
The Place d'Youville in Old Montreal is a historical square in Montreal, named after Marguerite d'Youville. The roads from the Place Royale and McGill Street meet at this point. The square is notable as the site of St. Anne's Market, a market building that once housed the Legislative Council and Assembly of Canada between 1844 and 1849, when it was burned down on April 25, 1849.