hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bagamoyo
Bagamoyo (Mji wa Bagamoyo, in Swahili) is a historic coastal town and capital of Bagamoyo District in the Pwani Region of Tanzania. Much of the settlement was founded at the end of the 18th century, though it is an extension of a much older (8th century) Swahili settlement, Kaole. It was chosen as the capital of German East Africa by the German colonial administration and it became one of the most important trading ports for the Germans along the East African coast along the west of the Indian Ocean in the late 19th and early 20th century. Bagamoyo lies 75 kilometres (47 miles) north of Dar-es-Salaam on the coast of the Zanzibar Channel, across from the island of Zanzibar. The town hosts Bagamoyo Historic Town, that is a National Historic Site of Tanzania. In 2011, the town had 82,578 inhabitants.

Bagamoyo Historic Town
Bagamoyo Historic Town or Bagamoyo Stone Town (Mji wa Kale wa Bagamoyo au Mji Mkongwe wa Bagamoyo, In Swahili), is the historic section of Bagamoyo town in Bagamoyo District of Pwani Region. Due to its historic significance spanning centuries and empires, Old Bagamoyo is a National Historic Site of Tanzania. The settlement was first inhabited in the 8th century as a Zaramo village and then a Swahili stone settlement, satellite to Kaole. One of the most significant trading hubs on the coast of East Africa, Bagamoyo served as the last halt for ivory caravans making their way on foot from Lake Tanganyika to Zanzibar.
North Carolina Highway 7
North Carolina Highway 7 (NC 7) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina.  Entirely within Gaston County, it connects the towns of Lowell, McAdenville, and Belmont with the city of Gastonia.

Gaston County, North Carolina
Gaston County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 227,943. The county seat is Gastonia. Dallas served as the original county seat from 1846 until 1911.

Gaston County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023. The county is located in the southern Piedmont region.

Of North Carolina's 100 counties, Gaston County ranks 74th in size, consisting of approximately 364 square miles (940 km2), and is tenth in population. The county has fifteen incorporated towns. In addition to fifteen incorporated towns and cities, there are several unincorporated communities such as Hardin, Lucia, Crowders Mountain, Sunnyside, Alexis, Tryon, and North Belmont.
William von Meister
William F. von Meister (February 21, 1942 – May 18, 1995) was an American entrepreneur who founded and participated in a number of startup ventures in the Washington, D.C., area. These included The Source, an early online service and CompuServe competitor, and Control Video Corporation, a predecessor to AOL.

The Source (online service)
The Source (Source Telecomputing Corporation) was an early online service, one of the first such services to be oriented toward and available to the general public.

The Source was in operation from 1978 to 1989, when it was purchased by rival CompuServe and discontinued sometime thereafter. The Source's headquarters were located at 1616 Anderson Road, McLean, Virginia, 22102.
Buariki (Tarawa)
Buariki is an island in northern Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands of the Republic of Kiribati. It was the site of the Battle of Buariki in World War II.

The village on the island, also named Buariki, is the northernmost village of Tarawa atoll and is in the administrative area of North Tarawa.

Tarawa
Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the Micronesia region of the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has 6,629 inhabitants and much in common with other more remote islands of the Gilbert group, and South Tarawa, which has 56,388 inhabitants as of 2015, half of the country's total population. The atoll was the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.
Mavournee Hazel
Mavournee Hazel (born 20 March 1996) is an Australian actress. She began her acting career with recurring and guest roles in various television shows, including Sam Fox: Extreme Adventures and Catching Milat. She joined the cast of Australian soap opera Neighbours as Piper Willis in 2015. She starred in four online spin-offs as Piper and received a nomination for Best Daytime Star at the 2018 Inside Soap Awards.

Hazel would later star as Zoe Sailer in Halifax: Retribution, Gemma in the Apple TV+ series Shantaram and as Bluebird "Blue" Gleeson in NCIS: Sydney.

In addition to acting, Hazel has also modelled for jewellery company Mimco and been a brand ambassador for Grey Goose.

Sam Fox: Extreme Adventures
Sam Fox: Extreme Adventures is a television programme for children and teenagers.

Production commenced in early 2013 with filming on various South Australian beaches and locales.
The 26 part series was produced by SLR Productions and Kojo, in association with ZDF Enterprises, and was first screened in 2014 on Eleven and Cartoon Network.

It was also aired in a subtitled Dutch language version on the Flemish public channel Ketnet from June 2015.
It was aired in a dubbed French language version on French public channel France 4 since 2015.
It also aired in a dubbed German language version on German public channel KiKA from August 2019.
Workers' Opposition
The Workers' Opposition (Russian: Рабочая оппозиция, romanized: Rabochaya oppozitsiya) was a faction of the Russian Communist Party that emerged in 1920 as a response to the perceived over-bureaucratisation that was occurring in Soviet Russia. They advocated for the transfer of national economic management to trade unions. The group was led by Alexander Shlyapnikov, Sergei Medvedev, Alexandra Kollontai and Yuri Lutovinov. It officially existed until March 1921 when it was forced to dissolve by the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and semi-clandestinely until the subsequent 11th Congress in 1922, where its main exponents teetered dangerously on the verge of being purged for fractionist activity. In some aspects, it was close with the German council communist movement, although there is no information about direct contacts between these groups.

10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
The 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during March 8–16, 1921 in Moscow, Russia. The congress dealt with the issues of the party opposition, the New Economic Policy, and the Kronstadt rebellion, which started halfway through the Congress. The Congress was attended by 694 voting delegates and 296 non-voting delegates.
Marco Polo Bridge
The Marco Polo Bridge or Lugou Bridge (simplified Chinese: 卢沟桥; traditional Chinese: 盧溝橋; pinyin: Lúgōu Qiáo) is a stone bridge located 15 km southwest of Beijing's city center in the Fengtai District.  It bridges the Yongding River, a major tributary of Hai River.  Situated at the eastern end of the bridge is the Wanping Fortress, a historic 17th-century fortress, with the Museum of the War of Chinese People's Resistance Against Japanese Aggression inside.

The Marco Polo Bridge is well known because it was highly praised by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo during his visit to China in the 13th century (leading the bridge to become known in Europe simply as the Marco Polo Bridge), and for the 20th-century Marco Polo Bridge Incident, which marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).

In recent years, the water of Yongding River has been diverted to different areas of Beijing, so there is often no water under the bridge.

Marco Polo Bridge incident
The Marco Polo Bridge incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge incident or the July 7 incident, was a three-day battle that began on 7 July 1937 in the district of Beijing between the 29th Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China and the Imperial Japanese Army.

Since the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, there had been many small incidents along the rail line connecting Beijing with the port of Tianjin, but all had subsided. On the night of 7 July, Japanese garrison troops at Lugouqiao held an unusual manoeuvre; and, alleging that a Japanese soldier was missing, demanded entry into the City of Wanping to conduct a search. Fighting broke out while the Japanese complaint was still under negotiation. However, the missing Japanese soldier had already returned to his lines. The Marco Polo Bridge incident is generally regarded as the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Chris Howard (American football)
Christopher L. Howard (born May 5, 1975) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Jacksonville Jaguars.  Howard had been selected by the Denver Broncos in the fifth round of the 1998 NFL draft.  His professional career was haunted by fumble troubles, which caused the Broncos to release him before he played a regular season game for them.  Howard began to have fumble problems again when the Jaguars acquired and promoted him to a role as a regular player.

He had previously played college football for the Michigan Wolverines winning a national championship in his final year 1997.  Howard led  the national champion Wolverines team in rushing and was a Hula Bowl MVP in 1998.  Chris attended Louisiana high school football powerhouse, John Curtis Christian High School in River Ridge, Louisiana.  He was formerly married to Gabrielle Union.

John Curtis Christian School
John Curtis Christian School is a co-educational, non-sectarian, private Christian K-12 school in River Ridge, Louisiana, in the United States. The school colors are red, white and blue and the school's nickname is Patriots.
Brzozowski derivative
In theoretical computer science, particularly in formal language theory, the Brzozowski derivative  of a set  of strings and a string  is the set of all strings obtainable from a string in  by cutting off the prefix . Formally:

.

For example,

The Brzozowski derivative was introduced under various different names since the late 1950s.
Today it is named after the computer scientist Janusz Brzozowski who investigated its properties and gave an algorithm to compute the derivative of a generalized regular expression.

Quotient of a formal language
In mathematics and computer science, the right quotient (or simply quotient) of a language  with respect to language  is the language consisting of strings  such that  is in  for some string  in , where  and  are defined on the same alphabet . Formally:

where  is the Kleene star on ,  is the language formed by concatenating  with each element of , and  is the empty set.

In other words, for all strings in  that have a suffix in , the suffix (right part of the string) is removed.

Similarly, the left quotient of  with respect to  is the language consisting of strings  such that  is in  for some string  in . Formally:

In other words, for all strings in  that have a prefix in , the prefix (left part of the string) is removed.

Note that the operands of  are in reverse order, so that  precedes .

The right and left quotients of  with respect to  may also be written as  and  respectively.
Hadera–East railway station
Hadera–East railway station is a former railway station in Hadera, Israel. It originally served as the northern terminus of the Eastern Railway. In 1968, the line was closed to passengers and the railway south of the station to Kfar Saba was abandoned. A short section of the Eastern Railway connecting the station north to the  Coastal railway line was left in operation—being used by freight trains serving the Granot "Ambar North" large feed mill complex near Gan Shmuel that is located adjacent to Hadera East station.

As of 2022, the station is undergoing extensive construction and restoration in anticipation of being reopened in the late 2020s as part of the re-building effort of the Eastern Railway.

Eastern Railway (Israel)
The Eastern Railway (Hebrew: המסילה המזרחית, romanized: ha-mesila ha-mizraḥit) refers to a railroad in central Israel stretching from Lod to Hadera. The section between Kfar Saba and Lod, as well as a short section just north of Hadera are currently in use but the rest of the railway has not been operative since 1969. However, in 2019 a large-scale project began to rebuild and upgrade the railway along the entire route.
Director's Company
Director's Company (ディレクターズ・カンパニー, Direkutāzu・Kanpanī) was a Japanese film production company created in 1982 to provide a venue outside the major studio system for young proven filmmakers to grow artistically.

The company's president, Susumu Miyasaka, came from an advertising and public relations background and he was joined by founding members Kazuhiko Hasegawa, Toshiharu Ikeda, Gakuryū Ishii, Kazuyuki Izutsu, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Kichitaro Negishi, Kazuki Ōmori, Shinji Sōmai and Banmei Takahashi, none of them older than 36 years of age. Many started their mainstream career at this time, building upon Miyasaka's ideal of expanding the restricting ambitions of Nikkatsu's Roman Porno and pink films.

For distribution of its works, the group maintained links with major companies such as Nikkatsu, Kadokawa Pictures and Art Theatre Guild, as well as the smaller firms New Century Producers and Kitty Films. The company dissolved due to bankruptcy in 1992, ten years after its foundation.

Kichitaro Negishi
Kichitaro Negishi (根岸吉太郎, Negishi Kichitarō) is a Japanese film director. Although his films are admired by critics in Japan for their intelligence, Negishi has received little international recognition for his work. He has not been credited with a distinctive style but he has been called a subtle director who often elicits strong performances from his actors. He won the award for Best Director at the 3rd Yokohama Film Festival for Enrai and Crazy Fruit.
Rytterknægten
Rytterknægten is the highest point on the Danish island of Bornholm at 162 metres (531 ft) above sea level. The bierg is situated on a wooded bedrock of gaiter formations in the middle of Almindingen forest. Aakirkeby is located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the southeast.

Almindingen
Almindingen ("the common") is one of the largest forests in Denmark.  It is located in the centre of the island of Bornholm. The forest covers 3,800 hectares (9,400 acres), making it Denmark's third largest. Though it was at one time common grazing land for cattle, it was fenced in for forestry in 1809 by Hans Rømer, the forest supervisor. As a result, by the beginning of the 20th century, Bornholm had become Denmark's most forested region.

Bornholm's highest point is Rytterknægten at 162 metres (531 ft), where there is a memorial to Frederick VII of Denmark and Countess Danner's visit to the island in 1851. In 2012, the Nature Agency brought seven European bison from a Polish primeval forest to a 200 acres (81 ha) paddock in Almindingen, marking the first time in 2,500 years that Europe's heaviest land-living mammals were in Denmark. There are a number of walking paths through Almindingen such as the ones leading to Ekkodal and Gamleborg.
State Highway 12 (Bihar)
State Highway 12 (SH-12) or Arrah–Sasaram road is a state highway in Bihar state. It covers two major districts (Bhojpur district and Rohtas district) of Bihar state. This state highway starts from Ekawana village near Arrah and ends at Kuraich village near Sasaram.

Arrah
Arrah (also spelled as Arra, Arah, transliterated as Ara) is a city and a municipal corporation in Bhojpur district (formerly known as Shahabad district) in the Indian state of Bihar. During the British Raj, it served as the administrative headquarters and was considered the most populous urban centre of the historical Shahabad district. It is the headquarters of Bhojpur district, located near the confluence of the Ganges and Sone rivers, some 24 miles (39 km) from Danapur and 36 miles (58 km) from Patna.

The city holds an important position in Indian history, mainly because of its role in the Siege of Arrah, an important event during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, Arrah is a cultural centre for the Bhojpuri speaking region of India. Its economy is driven by agriculture and the trade of building materials, mainly sand and bricks from the riverine plains.
Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal
The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal is an early Muslim expedition which took place in August or September of 626 AD.

According to Indian biographer of Muhammad, Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Dumat al-Jandal is located at about a distance of fifteen days' march from Medina and five from Damascus. According to historian William Montgomery Watt, it is 500 miles from Medina.

Dumat al-Jandal
Dumat al-Jandal (Arabic: دُومَة ٱلْجَنْدَل, romanized: Dūmat al-Jandal, lit. 'Dumah of the Stone', pronounced [ˈduːmat alˈdʒandal]), also known as Al-Jawf or Al-Jouf (Arabic: ٱلْجَوْف, lit. 'cavity/depression'), which refers to Wadi Sirhan, is an ancient city of ruins and the historical capital of the Al Jawf Province, today in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is located 37 km from Sakakah.

The city stood north of the Nafud desert and at one end of Wadi Sirhan, at a major intersection of ancient trade routes part of what is known as the incense route, with one branch linking the various sources of valuable goods in India and southern Arabia with Babylon, and another linking the Persian Gulf through Wadi Sirhan with southern  Syria. It is surrounded by the historical Dumat al-Jandal Wall and stands within an oasis.

Some scholars identify this site as territory of Dumah, one of the twelve sons of Ishmael mentioned in  the Book of Genesis.
Slaight Communications
Slaight Communications is a Canadian radio broadcasting company. The company was formed as Slaight Broadcasting in 1971, when owner J. Allan Slaight acquired CFGM in Richmond Hill. Slaight later also acquired CFOX in Montreal and CHOK in Sarnia, and launched CILQ in Toronto.

The company later sold off all of its original assets, and continued to operate its radio holdings through the Standard Broadcasting division after Slaight bought out that company in 1985. As Standard, it remained the largest privately owned multimedia company in Canada until it sold its radio and TV broadcasting assets to Astral Media in 2007. Today, all of Standard Radio stations are either owned by Bell Media or Stingray Radio.

The company continues to operate holdings in non-traditional broadcast platforms such as satellite radio and Internet radio. Slaight also continues to hold minority investments in three other small radio station groups.

Milestone Radio
Milestone Radio, Inc. was a radio broadcasting company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were the first broadcasting company in Canada that was owned and operated by Black Canadians. The company's president was Denham Jolly.
Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; Russian: Шуйские, romanized: Shuyskiye) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids.

The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ruled as tsar over Russia during the Time of Troubles.

Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast
Shuya (Russian: Шу́я, pronounced [ˈʂujə]) is the third largest town in Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. The town is built on the high left bank of the navigable Teza river, a tributary of the Klyazma river, with two suburbs on the right bank. Population: 55,225 (2021 Census); 58,486 (2010 Census); 62,449 (2002 Census); 69,362 (1989 Soviet census); 18,968 (in 1897); 19,560 (in 1882).

Shuya is one of the chief centers of the cotton and linen industries in central Russia.
Cyprus–NATO relations
Cyprus is one of four European Union (EU) member states which is not a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the only one not to participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PfP) program.
The others are Austria, Ireland and Malta.

Foreign relations of Cyprus
Cyprus is a member of the United Nations along with most of its agencies as well as the Commonwealth of Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Council of Europe. In addition, the country has signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Agreement (MIGA). Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 2004. In the second half of 2012 and currently (first half of 2026) holds the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
Hsieh Cheng-peng
Hsieh Cheng-peng (Chinese: 謝政鵬; born 22 September 1991) is a tennis player from Taiwan. He reached a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 62 in June 2019. He reached the final at the 2019 Sofia Open with partner Christopher Rungkat.

Alongside Yang Tsung-hua he won the 2008 Wimbledon as well as the  2008 Australian Open  Junior titles. He also won the 2009 US Open with Márton Fucsovics, and the 2009 Australian Open Junior title with Francis Casey Alcantara.

He is the brother of tennis players Hsieh Su-wei and Hsieh Yu-chieh.

Christopher Rungkat
Christopher Benjamin Rungkat (born 14 January 1990) is an Indonesian tennis player. In 2008, he won  the French Open 2008 Boys' Doubles Juniors title with Finnish player Henri Kontinen. He is the youngest ever Indonesian to be the All Indonesian Champion, and by the end of his junior career, he was awarded for Indonesian best promising athlete 2008.

Rungkat also reached the final of the 2008 US Open boys' event with Henri Kontinen. Rungkat is the first Indonesian to reach the US Open boys' final and to win the doubles title at the French Open.

In June 2010, he won the Tarakan Open International Men's Futures tournament, his first international tournament title since his professional debut in 2007. He won his maiden ATP Tour title in men's doubles, partnered with Swedish player André Göransson in February 2020, 13 years after turning professional.
Valdemārs Klētnieks
Valdemārs Klētnieks (December 4, 1905 – August 17, 1968), also known as Voldemārs Klētnieks and Valdis Klētnieks, was a Latvian writer and national Scout Commissioner for Latvia before World War II. When the Soviet Union occupied Latvia in 1940, the Latvian Scout Organization was banned. Klētnieks eventually fled Latvia for a displaced persons camp in Germany, where he remained for five years following the end of World War II. In 1950, he settled with his wife and children as refugees in the United States, where he continued to write books in the Latvian language and joined the Boy Scouts of America national staff.

Scout Commissioner
In the Scout Movement, a commissioner is the volunteer whose role it is to deliver a Scout association's programs and support Scouting's units, usually within a particular geographic area. Commissioners are the volunteers who work with Scout Executives. In some Scout associations, the term Executive Commissioner is used to refer to a paid staff member
Junkers Jumo 004
The Junkers Jumo 004 was the world's first production turbojet engine in operational use, and the first successful axial compressor turbojet engine. Some 8,000 units were manufactured by Junkers in Germany late in World War II, powering the Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter and the Arado Ar 234 reconnaissance/bomber, along with prototypes, including the Horten Ho 229. Variants and copies of the engine were produced in Eastern Europe and the USSR for several years following the end of WWII.

Heinkel HeS 011
The Heinkel HeS 011 or Heinkel-Hirth 109-011 (HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke) was an advanced World War II jet engine built by Heinkel-Hirth. It featured a unique compressor arrangement, starting with a low-compression impeller in the intake, followed by a "diagonal" stage similar to a centrifugal compressor, and then a three-stage axial compressor. Many of the German jet-powered aircraft being designed near the end of the war were designed to use the HeS 011, but the engine itself was not ready for production before the war ended in Europe and only small numbers of prototypes were produced.