hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Austria-Este (14 December 1787 – 7 April 1816), also known as Maria Ludovika of Modena, was Empress of Austria as the third wife of Emperor Francis I from their marriage on 6 January 1808 until her death in 1816. She was the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1754–1806) and Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este (1750–1829). She was a member of the House of Austria-Este, a branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este
Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria-Este (Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus; 1 June 1754 – 24 December 1806) was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa of Austria. He was the founder of the House of Austria-Este and Governor of the Duchy of Milan between 1765 and 1796. He was also designated as the heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, but he never reigned, owing to the Napoleonic Wars.
Connected space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint non-empty open subsets. Connectedness is one of the principal topological properties that distinguish topological spaces.

A subset of a topological space  is a connected set if it is a connected space when viewed as a subspace of .

Some related but stronger conditions are path connected, simply connected, and -connected. Another related notion is locally connected, which neither implies nor follows from connectedness.

Quotient space (topology)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set of the original topological space with the quotient topology, that is, with the finest topology that makes continuous the canonical projection map (the function that maps points to their equivalence classes). In other words, a subset of a quotient space is open if and only if its preimage under the canonical projection map is open in the original topological space.

Intuitively speaking, the points of each equivalence class are identified or "glued together" for forming a new topological space. For example, identifying the points of a sphere that belong to the same diameter produces the projective plane as a quotient space.
Davy lamp
The Davy lamp is a safety lamp used in flammable atmospheres, invented in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. It consists of a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. It was created for use in coal mines, to reduce the danger of explosions due to the presence of methane and other flammable gases, called firedamp or minedamp.

Safety lamp
A safety lamp is any of several types of lamp that provides illumination in places such as coal mines where the air  may carry coal dust or a build-up of flammable gases, which may explode if ignited, possibly by an electric spark. Until the development of effective electric lamps in the early 1900s, miners used flame lamps to provide illumination. Open flame lamps could ignite flammable gases which collected in mines, causing explosions; safety lamps were developed to enclose the flame to prevent it from igniting the explosive gases. Flame safety lamps have been replaced for lighting in mining with sealed explosion-proof electric lights, but continue to be used to detect gases.
Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga
Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga (28 December 1907 – 16 September 2001) was a Malagasy physician, biochemist and diplomat. Born into a disgraced royal family; Ratsimamanga trained as a doctor of exotic medicine in French Madagascar and France, where he pioneered modern nutraceuticals. Ratsimamanga returned to Madagascar and, with his wife, Suzanne Urverg-Ratsimamanga, in 1957, established the Malagasy Institute of Applied Research which specialised in herbal medicine.

While in France, Ratsimamanga was involved in Madagascar's independence efforts, and after independence, he became the Malagasy Republic's first ambassador to France and helped shape its foreign affairs. Ratsimamanga is considered one of Madagascar's most renowned scholars and bestowed upon him the highest orders of merits nationally and internationally. He was also one of the founders of The World Academy of Sciences (1983) and the African Academy of Sciences (1985), and was selected Madagascar's Man of the Century.

The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy established for developing countries, uniting more than 1,400 scientists in some 100 countries. Its principal aim is to promote scientific capacity and excellence for sustainable development in developing countries. It was formerly known as the Third World Academy of Sciences, named after the "third world" group of non-aligned states. Its headquarters is located on the premises of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy.
Leo II, King of Armenia
Leo II or Leon II (occasionally numbered Leo III; Armenian: Լէոն Բ, Levon II; c. 1236 – 1289) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1269/1270 to 1289. He was the son of King Hetoum I and Queen Isabella and was a member of the House of Lampron.

Isabella, Queen of Armenia
Isabella (Armenian: Զապել; 1215 – 23 January 1252), also Isabel or Zabel, was queen regnant of Armenian Cilicia from 1219 until her death in 1252. Under Constantine's regency, Isabella married Philip of Antioch. Philip's offensive behavior offended the Armenians who had him imprisoned and poisoned. Constantine then had Isabella marry his son Hethum. Isabella died 23 January 1252 and was buried in the monastery of Trazarg.
Levina (singer)
Isabella Levina Lueen (born 1 May 1991), better known mononymously as Levina (German pronunciation: [lɛˈviːna]), is a German singer-songwriter. She represented Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv with the song "Perfect Life" and finished in 25th place with 6 points in the final.

Perfect Life (Levina song)
"Perfect Life" is a song by German singer Levina. It was written by Lindsey Ray, Lindy Robbins, and Dave Bassett and produced by Roland Spremberg. Having won Unser Song 2017, the song served as the Germany entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv, where it finished in 25th. Issued as a single, it was released as a digital download on 9 February 2017 through Sony Music Entertainment Germany and later included on Levina's debut studio album Unexpected (2017).
Kelley Racing
Kelley Racing is a former Indy Racing League team founded by Fort Wayne, Indiana-based car dealer Tom Kelley that fielded a Delphi sponsored car for Scott Sharp during its entire existence from 1998 to 2004. The team was based in Indianapolis and captured 9 wins (7 with Sharp, 1 with Mark Dismore, and 1 with Al Unser Jr.) before shutting down when Sharp decided to leave the team with his sponsorship after a poor 2004 season. The assets of the team were bought by Tony George, who transformed it into Vision Racing.

Scott Sharp
Scott Sharp (born February 14, 1968) is an American professional racing driver in the United SportsCar Championship. He is the son of six-time SCCA champion Bob Sharp. Sharp is best known for his years as a competitor in the Indy Racing League.
Death Hawk
Death Hawk is a fictional American comic book character, a self-styled salvage expert in the 25th century. The character starred in a namesake, three-issue series published by Adventure Publications from 1987 to 1988, created and written by Mark Ellis. He first appeared in a five-page back-up feature in Star Rangers #2–3, by the same writer.

Star Rangers
Star Rangers is a four-issue American science fiction comic book series created by writer Mark Ellis and artist Jim Mooney, following the adventures of a military spaceship crew in a 25th-century controlled by corporations.
Woh Main Nahin
Woh Main Nahin  (transl. I Am Not Him) is a 1974 Indian Hindi-language film directed by Mohan Segal with Navin Nischol and Rekha in the lead and Shaukat Kaifi, Iftekhar, Rakesh Pandey and Padmini Kapila in supporting roles. It is an adaptation of the 1962 Marathi language play To Mee Navhech written by Pralhad Keshav Atre.

Rakesh Pandey (actor)
Rakesh Pandey (9 April 1940 – 21 March 2025) was an Indian actor in Hindi and Bhojpuri films. He appeared in TV serials such as Chotti Bahu and Dehleez. He was an alumnus of the Indian Film and Television Institute, Pune.
Akhtar Hussain Malik
Akhtar Hussain Malik HJ SPk (1910s – 22 August 1969) was a Pakistani senior military officer, and a widely decorated war hero of the Pakistan Army due to his leadership and command during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, and before the 1965 war – Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam.

Operation Grand Slam
Operation Grand Slam was a key military operation of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It refers to a plan drawn up by the Pakistan Army in May 1965, that consisted of an attack on the vital Akhnoor Bridge in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The bridge was not only the lifeline of an entire infantry division of the Indian Army, but could also be used to threaten the city of Jammu, an important logistical point for Indian forces. The operation saw initial success, but was aborted when the Indian Army opened a new front in the Pakistani province of Punjab in order to relieve pressure in Kashmir. This forced Pakistan to abandon Grand Slam and fight in Punjab, so that the operation ended in failure and stated objectives were not achieved.
Massimiliano Gioni
Massimiliano Gioni (born 1973) is an Italian curator and contemporary art critic based in New York City, and artistic director at the New Museum. He is the artistic director of the Nicola Trussardi Foundation in Milan as well as the artistic director of the Beatrice Trussardi Foundation. Gioni was the curator of the 55th Venice Biennale in 2013.

Nicola Trussardi Foundation
The Nicola Trussardi Foundation is a non-profit institution for the promotion of contemporary art and culture. Created in 1996, the Nicola Trussardi Foundation ran its own exhibiting space in Piazza della Scala in Milan.

From autumn 2003, under the direction of President, Beatrice Trussardi and with Artistic Director, Massimiliano Gioni, the Foundation changed strategy, becoming an agency for the production and the diffusion of contemporary art in a wide variety of contexts and channels. In order to explore new modes of presenting contemporary art, it started organizing contemporary art events and exhibitions in public spaces in the city of Milan.

The Foundation normally organises two major exhibitions a year as well as a series of publications, insertions in magazines and mail projects. Its declared mission is to invest all its resources and knowledge to produce culture's events and to make the most innovative research of contemporary artists available to everyone.
Zăpodie
The Zăpodie is a right tributary of the river Someșul Mic in Romania. It discharges into the Someșul Mic in Sânnicoară near Cluj-Napoca. Its length is 11 km (6.8 mi) and its basin size is 44 km2 (17 sq mi). The river was polluted by the leachate from the nearby city landfill for many years, until in December 2019 when the landfill was finally closed and a protection wall was completed.

Someșul Mic
The Someșul Mic (Little Someș, Hungarian: Kis-Szamos) is a river in north-western Romania (Cluj County). At its confluence with the Someșul Mare in Mica, the Someș is formed. Its total length is 178 km (111 mi), and its drainage basin area is 3,773 km2 (1,457 sq mi). It is formed at the confluence of two headwaters, Someșul Cald ("Warm Someș") and Someșul Rece ("Cold Someș"), that originate in the Apuseni Mountains. From the confluence, in Gilău, the Someșul Mic flows east and north through Cluj-Napoca, Apahida and Gherla, until it meets the Someșul Mare in Dej.
Socorro dove
The Socorro dove or Grayson's dove (Zenaida graysoni) is a dove species which is extinct in the wild. It was endemic to Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Islands off the west coast of Mexico. The last sighting in its natural habitat was in 1972 and it survives only in captivity. A reintroduction program is being prepared.

It is a close relative of the mourning and eared doves, particularly the former, and was at one time considered a subspecies. In captivity, it hybridizes with the former and almost all privately owned birds as well as several of the captive breeding program birds are known or strongly suspected to be hybrids. These are excluded from the reintroduction program as there is evidence of unique adaptations in the Socorro species. The scientific name commemorates Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte and the American ornithologist and artist Andrew Jackson Grayson.

Andrew J. Grayson
Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869) was an American ornithologist and artist.

Grayson was the author of Birds of the Pacific Slope (1853–69), which he considered to be a completion of John James Audubon's Birds of America.
Experiment in Terror
Experiment in Terror is a 1962 American neo-noir thriller film released by Columbia Pictures. It was directed by Blake Edwards and written by Mildred Gordon and Gordon Gordon based on their 1961 novel Operation Terror. The film stars Glenn Ford, Lee Remick, Stefanie Powers and Ross Martin. The musical score was composed by Henry Mancini.

Ross Martin
Ross Martin (born Martin Rosenblatt, March 22, 1920 – July 3, 1981) was an American radio, voice, stage, film, and television actor. Martin was best known for portraying Artemus Gordon on the CBS Western series The Wild Wild West, which aired from 1965 to 1969. He was the voice of Doctor Paul Williams in 1972's Sealab 2020, additional characters in 1973's Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and additional character voices in 1978's Jana of the Jungle.
Breckinridge family
The Breckinridge family is a family of public figures from the United States. The family has included six members of the United States House of Representatives, two United States Senators, a cabinet member, two ambassadors, one United States Vice President, and one unsuccessful candidate for United States President. Breckinridges have served as college presidents, prominent ministers, soldiers, and theologians and in important positions at state and local levels. The family was most notable in Kentucky and most prominent during the 19th century, with it being especially prominent in the American Civil War.

Breckinridge family in the American Civil War
The Breckinridge family exerted a powerful influence in the divided slave state of Kentucky, with Breckinridge County dating back well before its current constitution of 1799. They were viewed as southern aristocracy, counting many Confederate generals among their cousins. But family members also fought in the Union army, and supported Lincoln throughout the conflict.
Miral (2022 film)
Miral (transl. Startle/to awe) is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language slasher film written and directed by M. Sakthivel, in his directorial debut, and produced by G. Dilli Babu under the banner of Axess Film Factory. The film stars Bharath and Vani Bhojan in lead roles, with K. S. Ravikumar, Meera Krishnan, and Rajkumar appearing in supporting roles. The film was theatrically released on 11 November 2022 to mixed reviews.

Bharath (actor)
Bharath Srinivasan (born 21 July 1981), known professionally as Bharath, is an Indian actor, who works predominantly in Tamil cinema, along with few films in Malayalam, Hindi and Telugu.

He made his acting debut in 2003 with S. Shankar's Boys. He made his Malayalam debut 4 the People (2004). Then, he played the antagonist character in Chellamae (2004).

He received his breakthrough as his first lead in the Tamil film Kaadhal (2004). Some of his other notable films include Pattiyal (2006), Em Magan (2006), Veyil (2006), Pazhani (2008), Kanden Kadhalai (2009), Vaanam (2011), Ainthu Ainthu Ainthu (2013) and Kaalidas (2019).
James R. Scales
James Ralph Scales (May 27, 1919 – March 12, 1996) was president of Oklahoma Baptist University (his alma mater), 1961–1965, and eleventh president of Wake Forest University, from 1968-1983. He was a member of the Cherokee Nation and was active throughout his life in Cherokee affairs.

Oklahoma Baptist University
Oklahoma Baptist University (OBU) is a private Baptist university in Shawnee, Oklahoma. It was established in 1910 under the original name of The Baptist University of Oklahoma. OBU is owned and was founded by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma.
Memoria (Erreway song)
"Memoria" (Spanish: Memory) is a song by Argentine group Erreway from their third album Memoria, released on 1 June 2004 (see 2004 in music). The song was written by Cris Morena and Carlos Nilson, and features all band members — Benjamín Rojas, Felipe Colombo, Camila Bordonaba and Luisana Lopilato — as lead vocals. Being a hit throughout Latin America, Europe and Israel, "Memoria" was also used as the official soundtrack for Erreway's 2004 film Erreway: 4 Caminos.

Memoria (album)
Memoria is the third studio album by Argentine band Erreway. The songs were written by María Cristina de Giacomi and Carlos Nilson, who also wrote for the albums Señales (2002) and Tiempo (2003). The album was released in June 2004, and sold 500,000 copies just in South America. The songs "Asignatura Pendiente", "Vivo Como Vivo", "De Aquí, de Allá", "Solo Sé" and "Memoria" were used in the Erreway film Erreway: 4 caminos (2004).
Shira Ichilov
Shira Ichilov (Hebrew: שירה איכילוב; born 8 August 2002) is an Israeli ice dancer, who currently competes with Mikhail Nosovitskiy. With former partner Dmytriy Kravchenko, she is a two time Israeli national silver medalist. With her former partner, Laurent Abecassis she competed at the 2021 World Championships. With her former skating partner, Vadim Davidovich, she is the 2019 Israeli national champion and has competed in the final segment at two ISU Championships.

Vadim Davidovich
Vadim Davidovich (Hebrew: 'ואדים דוידוביץ; born 19 September 1996) is an Israeli ice dancer. With his skating partner, Shira Ichilov, he is the 2019 Israeli national champion and has competed in the final segment at two ISU Championships.
1964 United States Senate election in Florida
The 1964 United States Senate election in Florida was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Spessard Holland was re-elected to a fourth term in office, defeating J. Brailey Oldham in the primary and Republican Claude R. Kirk Jr. in the general election.

Spessard Holland
Spessard Lindsey Holland (July 10, 1892 – November 6, 1971) was an American lawyer and politician. A Southern Democrat, he served as the 28th governor of Florida from 1941 to 1945, and as a U.S. senator for Florida from 1946 to 1971. He was the first person born in Florida to serve as governor and U.S. senator for the state. While serving as a U.S. senator he would notably introduce the 24th Amendment.

During his tenure as governor, he was mainly preoccupied with preparations for World War II and the war itself. On the death of U.S. senator Charles O. Andrews, Holland was appointed by Governor Millard F. Caldwell on September 25, 1946, to serve out the rest of Andrews' term, which was to expire the following January. He was elected to a full term in November 1946 and was re-elected senator in 1952, 1958 and 1964, retiring in January 1971.
American Stores
American Stores Company, Inc. was an American public corporation and a holding company which ran chains of supermarkets and drugstores in the United States from 1917 through 1998. The company was incorporated in 1917 when The Acme Tea Company merged with four small Philadelphia-area grocery stores (Childs, George Dunlap, Bell Company, and A House That Quality Built) to form American Stores. In the following eight decades, the company would expand to 1,575 food and drugstores in 38 states with $20 billion (~$34.9 billion in 2023) in annual sales in 1998.

Alpha Beta
Alpha Beta was a chain of supermarkets in the Southwestern United States. Stores under this brand existed between 1917 and 1995. Former Alpha Beta stores have all been purchased by other grocery chains and rebranded.
Eshkol Power Station
The Eshkol Power Station is a power station supplying electrical power to the Shephelah region in Israel. It is located in north industrial zone of Ashdod near the mouth of the Lakhish River, close to the port of Ashdod and the Ashdod Oil Refineries which provided the plant with fuel oil prior to its conversion to use natural gas. The power station is also close to the sea since its cooling system uses sea water.

Like other significant power stations in Israel, Eshkol Power Station belongs to Israel Electric Corporation. It is the third biggest power plant in Israel in terms of production ability, providing 7.3 percent of electricity production by IEC.

The power station was named after Levi Eshkol, former Prime Minister of Israel.

Ashdod Oil Refineries
Ashdod Refinery Ltd. (Hebrew: בית זיקוק אשדוד) situated in the coastal city of Ashdod is the second largest oil refinery in Israel (behind Haifa's oil refinery). It is located in the industrial zone in the northern part of the city, nearby the Port of Ashdod. As of 2014, it has an annual refining capacity of 5.4 million tons of oil, with a Nelson complexity index of 9.8.
Uru people
The Uru or Uros (Uru: Qhas Qut suñi) are an indigenous people of Bolivia and Peru. They live on a still-growing group of about 120 self-fashioned floating islands in Lake Titicaca near Puno. They form three main groups: the Uru-Chipaya, Uru-Murato, and Uru-Iruito. The Uru-Iruito still inhabit the Bolivian side of Lake Titicaca and the Desaguadero River.

The indigenous Urus have darker skin than their neighbours Aymaras and Quechuas.

Puno
Puno (Aymara and Quechua: Punu) is a city in southeastern Peru, located on the shore of Lake Titicaca. It is the capital city of the eponymous Puno Province and Puno Region; in 2017, it had a population of 135,288 (2017 census). The city was established in 1668 by viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro as capital of the province of Paucarcolla with the name San Juan Bautista de Puno. The name was later changed to San Carlos de Puno, in honor of king Charles II of Spain. Puno has several churches dating back from the colonial period; they were built to service the Spanish population and evangelize the Quechua people.
Reggie Yates
Reginald Yates (born 31 May 1983) is a British television presenter, actor, writer and director with a career spanning three decades on screen as an actor, television presenter and radio DJ. Yates played Leo Jones in Doctor Who and has worked at the BBC in radio and television–presenting various shows for BBC Radio 1 for a decade as well as hosting the BBC One singing show The Voice UK, hosting the first two series with Holly Willoughby.

Yates co-presented the prime-time BBC One game show Prized Apart, alongside Emma Willis, the ITV2 reality show Release the Hounds from 2013 until 2017 and was also the presenter of the BBC Three documentary series Reggie Yates' Extreme Russia, Extreme South Africa and Extreme UK as well as featuring as lead voice actor for the CBeebies animated cartoon series Rastamouse.

In 2021, Yates released his first feature film as writer/director, Pirates.

Rastamouse
Rastamouse is a stop-motion animated musical children's TV series created by Genevieve Webster and Michael De Souza and produced by Dinamo Productions, Three Stones Media/The Rastamouse Company and DHX Media (now WildBrain) for CBeebies. The show follows crime-busting anthro mouse reggae band Da Easy Crew, who split their time between making music and solving mysteries for the President of Mouseland.

The first 52 episodes of the original series were shown in the lunch hour starting on 31 January 2011 on CBeebies, a UK BBC channel. From 7 March 2011, the programme was repeated in the early mornings, on BBC2. The second series, comprising a further 26 episodes, began on 20 August 2012. The third series, comprising the final 26 episodes, began on CBeebies 23 March 2015.