hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
National Oil Corporation
The National Oil Corporation (NOC; Arabic: المؤسسة الوطنية للنفط) is the national oil company of Libya. It dominates Libya's oil industry, along with a number of smaller subsidiaries, which combined account for the vast majority of the country's oil output.  It is led by Farhat Bengdara, appointed in July 2022. Of NOC's subsidiaries, the largest oil producer is the Waha Oil Company (WOC), followed by the Arabian Gulf Oil Company (Agoco), Zueitina Oil Company (ZOC), and Sirte Oil Company (SOC).

Tamoil
Tamoil is the trading name of the Oilinvest Group, a fuel energy provider within the European downstream oil and gas sector. The Oilinvest Group refines crude oil and markets refined oil products primarily under the Tamoil and the HEM brands in Europe. The Oilinvest Group is involved in supplying, trading, refining and selling petroleum products in Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and the Netherlands and carries out its trading activities from Cyprus.

The headquarters of Oilinvest (Netherlands) B.V. is located in the World Trade Center The Hague, from where it oversees all its investments in the European oil downstream markets.
Magdalena Valkova
Magdalena Valkova (Bulgarian: Магдалена Вълкова; born 6 January 2010) is a Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2025 World Junior gold medalist with hoop and the team competition and bronze medalist with ribbon. She is the 2024 European Junior bronze medalist with ball. At the national level she is the 2025 Junior National all-around gold medalist and the 2024 Junior National all-around silver medalist.

Dara Malinova
Dara Malinova (Bulgarian: Дара Малинова; born 27 February 2009) is a Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2024 European Junior silver medalist with ribbon. At national level she is the 2024 National Junior all-around champion.
Desire (Iyanya album)
Desire (often stylized as Iyanya vs. Desire) is the second studio album by Nigerian singer Iyanya. It was released on 6 February 2013, by Made Men Music Group. The album features guest appearances from M.I, Wizkid, D'banj, Emma Nyra, Tiwa Savage, Flavour N'abania, May D, Vector, Tekno, and Yung L. The album's production was handled by Tee-Y Mix, D'Tunes, Mr. Chidoo, GospelOnDeBeatz and Young D. Desire was supported by the singles "Kukere", "Kukere" (Remix), "Flavour", "Jombolo", "Ur Waist", and "Sexy Mama".

Jombolo
"Jombolo" is a song by Nigerian singer Iyanya. It was released as the sixth single from his second studio album, Desire (2013), and debuted at number one on 360nobs' Top 10 Most Downloaded Songs chart for the week of 21 July to 27 July 2013. The song was produced by GospelOnDeBeatz and features guest vocals by singer Flavour N'abania.
Carrier generation and recombination
In solid-state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and carrier recombination are processes by which mobile charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) are created and eliminated. Carrier generation and recombination processes are fundamental to the operation of many optoelectronic semiconductor devices, such as photodiodes, light-emitting diodes and laser diodes. They are also critical to a full analysis of p-n junction devices such as bipolar junction transistors and p-n junction diodes.

The electron–hole pair is the fundamental unit of generation and recombination in inorganic semiconductors, corresponding to an electron transitioning between the valence band and the conduction band where generation of an electron is a transition from the valence band to the conduction band and recombination leads to a reverse transition.  Slow recombination rates (or equivalently, long carrier lifetimes) are a favorable attribute of the semiconductors that comprise solar cells.

Direct and indirect band gaps
In semiconductors, the band gap of a semiconductor can be of two basic types, a direct band gap or an indirect band gap.   The minimal-energy state in the conduction band and the maximal-energy state in the valence band are each characterized by a certain crystal momentum (k-vector) in the Brillouin zone. If the k-vectors are different, the material has an "indirect gap". The band gap is called "direct" if the crystal momentum of electrons and holes is the same in both the conduction band and the valence band; an electron can directly emit a photon. In an "indirect" gap, a photon cannot be emitted because the electron must pass through an intermediate state and transfer momentum to the crystal lattice.

Examples of direct bandgap materials include hydrogenated amorphous silicon and some III–V materials such as InAs and GaAs. Indirect bandgap materials include crystalline silicon and Ge. Some III–V materials are indirect bandgap as well, for example AlSb.
Kampanerang Kuba
Kampanerang Kuba (International title: Enchanting Fatima / transl. hunchbacked female bell-ringer) is a 2005 Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. Directed by Wenn V. Deramas and Andoy Ranay, it stars Anne Curtis in the title role, Christian Bautista, Luis Manzano, and Patrick Garcia, along with Jean Garcia, Eula Valdez, Jodi Sta. Maria, Desiree del Valle, Cherry Pie Picache, Jaime Fabregas, Eugene Domingo, Malou de Guzman, Meryll Soriano, Yul Servo, Mark Bautista, and Jomari Yllana in their supporting roles. The series is based on Pablo S. Gomez fictional character of the same name and a loose adaptation of the 1973 Philippine film of the same title. It aired on the network's Primetime Bida line up and worldwide on TFC from June 6 to December 16, 2005.

Eula Valdez
Maria Julia Claudetta Amorsolo-Valdez (born December 11, 1968), professionally known as Eula Valdez (Tagalog: [ˈjʊlɐ bɐlˈdɛs]), is a Filipino actress and singer, best known for her prominent role as Amor Powers in the original version of Pangako Sa 'Yo (2000) and as Janice in the Bagets film series (1984).
Mike Curb
Michael Charles Curb (born December 24, 1944) is an American politician, record executive, and philanthropist who served as the 42nd lieutenant governor of California from 1979 to 1983. He is the founder of Curb Records and is the chairman of Word Entertainment. He was inducted into the West Coast Stock Car Hall of Fame in 2006. A member of the Republican Party, Curb is the most recent Republican to have been elected lieutenant governor of California as of 2025.

Curb Records
Curb Records (also known as Asylum-Curb and formerly known as MCG Curb) is an American record label started by Mike Curb, originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM and Verve Records.
Enrique Telémaco Susini
Enrique Telémaco Susini (January 31, 1891 – July 4, 1972) was an Argentine entrepreneur and media pioneer.

In 1920, Susini led the effort for the first radio broadcast in Argentina, and subsequently established one of the earliest regular radio stations in the world. During the 1920s and 1930s, he became a successful entrepreneur in the nascent radio and film industry.

Besides his business interests, Susini was an accomplished artist. He worked as director for theaters in Argentina and Italy and directed several movies produced by Lumiton, which he owned.

Lumiton
Lumiton is a former film production company and current museum located in Munro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lumiton Studios was founded in 1932 at the start of the Golden Age of Argentine cinema. Its lowbrow, populist films appealed to local audiences and were highly successful in Argentina and throughout Latin America. It was the main competitor to Argentina Sono Film in the 1940s.

After World War II (1939–45) Lumiton faced increased government regulation, rising costs and loss of audiences to more sophisticated Hollywood productions. The company was forced to shut down in 1952.
Pang brothers
Danny Pang Phat and Oxide Pang Chun, collectively known as the Pang Brothers, are a filmmaking duo of screenwriters and film directors. The pair are twins, born in Hong Kong in 1965. Among their films is the hit Asian horror film, The Eye, which has spawned two sequels, as well as a Hollywood version also titled The Eye and a Hindi film called Naina. Besides working in Hong Kong, the pair frequently work in the Thai film industry, where they made their directorial debut as a team, Bangkok Dangerous.

Bangkok Dangerous (1999 film)
Bangkok Dangerous (Thai: บางกอกแดนเจอรัส เพชฌฆาตเงียบ อันตราย) is a 1999 Thai action film written and directed by the Pang Brothers. Stylishly edited, the story of a deaf and mute hitman was the debut film for the twin-brother team of filmmakers. A 2008 remake of the same name starring Nicolas Cage was also directed by the Pangs.
Billy Dean (album)
Billy Dean is the second studio album by American country music artist Billy Dean, released in 1991 by Capitol Nashville. Like his debut album Young Man, it was certified gold by the RIAA. Four singles were released from the album: "You Don't Count the Cost", "Only the Wind", "Billy the Kid" and "If There Hadn't Been You". "If There Hadn't Been You" was the highest-peaking of these, reaching No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The other singles all reached No. 4 on the same chart.

Billy Dean
William Harold Dean Jr. (born April 2, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

He first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1990, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums (of which the first three have been certified gold by the RIAA) and a greatest hits package which is also certified gold. His studio albums have accounted for more than 20 hit singles on the Billboard country charts, including 11 Top Ten hits.

In 2000, he had a Billboard Number one as a guest artist along with Alison Krauss on Kenny Rogers' "Buy Me a Rose", and had two Number Ones on the RPM country charts in Canada.
GD & TOP (album)
GD&TOP is the debut album of South Korean hip-hop duo GD & TOP (G-Dragon and T.O.P.), members of Big Bang.  Released on December 24, 2010, the album marks the first official collaboration between the two artists. The duo promoted the album extensively, including a worldwide premiere showcase and numerous performances.  Three singles were released for promotion: "High High", "Oh Yeah", and "Knockout".  While "High High" went on to become a chart-topper, the latter two singles peaked at number 2 and 3 respectively.

The album is listed by Gaon Album Chart as the fifth best-selling album of 2010 in South Korea, with 130,000 copies sold.

High High
"High High" is a song recorded by South Korean duo GD & TOP (G-Dragon and T.O.P.). It was released on December 15, 2010, by YG Entertainment, as the first single from their self-titled debut album GD & TOP (2010). It was written by the duo with Teddy, and produced by the latter.
Przhevalskoye
Przhevalskoye (Russian: Пржева́льское) is an urban locality (a settlement) in Demidovsky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwestern part of the oblast, on Lake Sapsho, northeast of the town of Demidov, the administrative center of the district. It is a terminus of the Demidov-Przhevalskoye Highway. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,683.

The settlement is home to the Museum of Nikolay Przhevalsky, which occupies the mansion of the famous traveler. Previously called Sloboda (Слобода́), it was renamed after Przhevalsky in 1964.

Nikolay Przhevalsky
Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (or Przewalski or Prjevalsky; 12 April [O.S. 31 March] 1839 – 1 November [O.S. 20 October] 1888) was a Russian geographer and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. Although he never reached his ultimate goal, the city of Lhasa in Tibet, he still travelled through regions then unknown to Westerners, such as northern Tibet (modern Tibet Autonomous Region), Amdo (now Qinghai) and Dzungaria (now northern Xinjiang). He contributed substantially to European knowledge of Central Asian geography.

Przhevalsky described several species previously unknown to European science, such as Przewalski's horse, Przewalski's gazelle, and the wild Bactrian camel, all of which are now endangered. He was also a mentor of the explorer Pyotr Kozlov.
Munster Irish
Munster Irish (endonym: Gaelainn na Mumhan, Standard Irish: Gaeilge na Mumhan) is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Munster. Gaeltacht regions in Munster are found in the Gaeltachtaí of the Dingle Peninsula in west County Kerry, in the Iveragh Peninsula in south Kerry, in Cape Clear Island off the coast of west County Cork, in Muskerry West; Cúil Aodha, Ballingeary, Ballyvourney, Kilnamartyra, and Renaree of central County Cork; and in an Rinn and an Sean Phobal in Gaeltacht na nDéise in west County Waterford.

Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (/ˈɡeɪltəxt/ GAYL-təkht, Irish: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ], pl. Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
The Gaeltacht districts were first officially recognised during the 1920s in the early years of the Irish Free State, following the Gaelic revival, as part of a government policy aimed at restoring the Irish language.

The Gaeltacht is threatened by serious language decline. Research published in 2015 showed that Irish is spoken on a daily basis by two-thirds or more of the population in only 21 of the 155 electoral divisions in the Gaeltacht. Daily language use by two-thirds or more of the population is regarded by some academics as a tipping point for language survival.
Policraticus
Policraticus or Polycraticus is a work by John of Salisbury, written around 1159. Sometimes called the first complete medieval work of political theory, it belongs, at least in part, to the genre of advice literature addressed to rulers known as "mirrors for princes", but also breaks from that genre by offering advice to courtiers and bureaucrats. Though it takes up a wide variety of ethical questions, it is most famous for attempting to define the responsibilities of kings and their relationship to their subjects.

John of Salisbury
John of Salisbury (late 1110s – 25 October 1180), who described himself as Johannes Parvus ("John the Little"), was an English author, philosopher, educationalist, diplomat and bishop of Chartres.  The historian Hans Liebeschuetz described him as one of the most notable figures of the "medieval Renaissance" of the 12th century.
Against the Odds (novel)
Against the Odds is a science fiction novel by Elizabeth Moon. It is her seventh and last novel set in the Familias Regnant fictional universe.  It does not fall in either informal trilogy (the Heris Serrano and the Esmay Suiza trilogies); fittingly it does not focus on any particular character, instead a more general, almost kaleidoscopic perspective of the upheaval in the Familias Regnant, and the rise to power of a new and more capable Speaker. It can be seen as a conclusion to the series, resolving or at least making a good start at resolving many issues and peoples and ending as it does on a memorializing elegiac note.

The Serrano Legacy
The Serrano Legacy, also known as Familias Regnant, is a series of military science fiction / space opera books by Elizabeth Moon. The series includes seven books total (a trilogy and two spin-off duologies), published from 1993 to 2000, and portrays a society in the distant future where the Familias Regnant serves as the governing body for an area of the galaxy. The books feature female lead protagonists—daughters and aunts, following the story of an entire family, including unique family dynamics. The books "depict women in the military who have a greater aptitude for command than the military men in their lives". The universe of the books is also ethnically diverse.
Danny Kirwan
Daniel David Kirwan (né Langran, 13 May 1950 – 8 June 2018) was a British musician and guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. He released three albums as a solo artist from 1975 to 1979, recorded albums with Otis Spann, Chris Youlden, and Tramp, and worked with former Fleetwood Mac colleagues Jeremy Spencer and Christine McVie on some of their solo projects. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Fleetwood Mac in 1998.

Jeremy Spencer
Jeremy Cedric Spencer (born 4 July 1948) is a British musician, best known for playing slide guitar and piano in the original line-up of the rock band Fleetwood Mac. A member since Fleetwood Mac's inception in July 1967, he remained with the band until his abrupt departure in February 1971, when he joined the "Children of God", a religious organisation now known as "The Family International", with which he is still affiliated. After a pair of solo albums in the 1970s, he continued to tour as a musician, but did not release another album until 2006. He released further solo albums from 2012 onwards and has also recorded as part of the folk trio Steetley. As a member of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998.
Galhareri District
Galhareri District (Somali: Galhareeri) is a district in the southwestern Galgaduud region of Somalia. Galhareri shares borders with Harardheere to the north, Ceeldheer to the northeast, Derri  to the east, Wabho to the west, and El Buur to the south. It is the third-largest city in the Galgadud region.

As of 2017, it has a population of 121,200. It is one of the oldest cities in the Galmudug State. The city is inhabited by the Murusade clans: Majabe Sabti specialy Habar-Idinle and  Abdalla Sabti .

In 1970s Galhareeri became the most important city and itsvannounced District In Galgadud by former President “SIYYAD BARRE” Iron First administration in 1980
The Murusade clans have lived in prosperity for a long time and they ruled with strict "Islamic Sharia law" under, Murusade a sub-clans of the larger "KARANLE Hawiye" Ethnics..

Galguduud
Galguduud (Somali: Galgaduud, Arabic: جلجدود, Italian: Galgudud or Ghelgudud) is an administrative region (gobol) of Galmudug state in central Somalia. Its administrative capital is Dusmareb. The largest town in the region is El Buur, which lies at the centre of the region.

Galguduud is bordered by Ethiopia; the Somali regions of Mudug, Hiran, and Middle Shebelle (Shabeellaha Dhexe); and the Indian Ocean.
The largest clan in this region is the Hawiye, specially the Murusade subclan, as well as the Habargidir, 
The region of Galgaduud and southern Mudug formed the Galmudug State by 2016, which considers itself an autonomous state within the larger Federal Republic of Somalia, as defined by the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia.
Groove Production
Groove Production was a record label formed by Chris Palmer. The majority of recordings were in the dance and disco genre. Artists to have their material released on the label include Bunny Brown, Cayenne, T. C. Curtis, The Evasions, K.I.D., Morrissey-Mullen, Surface Noise, and Linda Taylor. Hits that came though the label include "Body Shake", "(You're) In The Pocket", "You and Me Just Started", "Roberto Who?"  and "Wikka Wrap" etc.

Roberto Who..?
Roberto Who..? is a song by the British band Cayenne. Released on the Groove Production label, it was a hit in the UK in 1981, charting on both the Record Business Top 50 Disco chart and the Twelve Inchers chart.
Immaculate Heart Academy
Immaculate Heart Academy (IHA) is an all-girls college preparatory private Roman Catholic high school located in Washington Township, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

Immaculate Heart Academy has been accredited by the Commission on Secondary Schools of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools since 1971 and is accredited until January 2034. The school is also accredited by the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools.

As of the 2023–24 school year, the school had an enrollment of 638 students and 62.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.2:1.

The school colors are blue and white, and the school's athletes are known as the Blue Eagles.

Immaculate Conception High School (Lodi, New Jersey)
Immaculate Conception High School (ICHS) was an American private, Roman Catholic, all-girls college-preparatory high school located in Lodi, in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The school operated under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. The school was founded in 1915 by the Felician Sisters and closed at the end of the 2022-23 school year. ICHS was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools from 1961 until its closure in 2023.

As of the 2019–20 school year, the school had an enrollment of 145 students and 17.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 8.1:1. The school's student body was 62.1% (90) White, 26.2% (38) Hispanic, 10.3% (15) Black and 1.4% (2) Asian. The average class size was 15 students. The administration, faculty and staff consisted of three Felician Sisters, 19 women, and 8 men. About 98% of seniors pursued higher education.
Meghan King
Meghan King (born September 26, 1984) is an American reality television personality and model. She was a main cast member on the Bravo series The Real Housewives of Orange County (2015–2017) for three seasons and has subsequently appeared as a guest.

The Real Housewives of Orange County
The Real Housewives of Orange County, abbreviated RHOC, is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on March 21, 2006. It has aired nineteen seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several wealthy women residing in Orange County, California.

The recently-concluded nineteenth season cast consists of Tamra Judge, Heather Dubrow, Shannon Storms Beador, Gina Kirschenheiter, Emily Simpson, Jennifer Pedranti and Katie Ginella; with former housewife Gretchen Rossi appearing in a "friend of" capacity.

It is the founding installment of The Real Housewives franchise and its success led to the expansion of the franchise with numerous spin-off series set in cities across the United States and internationally. It has also resulted in two spin-offs; Date My Ex: Jo & Slade and Tamra's OC Wedding.
Lighthouse Pub
The Lighthouse Pub is a Transportation Corridor / Restaurant and Pub at the southern tip of Sechelt Inlet. The building was originally a restaurant from Expo 86 and has since been slowly transformed into an air and sea gateway to Sechelt.

Expo 86
The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication, or simply Expo 86, was a world's fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from May 2 until October 13, 1986. The fair, the theme of which was "Transportation and Communication: World in Motion – World in Touch", coincided with Vancouver's centennial and was held on the north shore of False Creek.

It was the second time that Canada held a world's fair, the first being Expo 67 in Montreal (during the Canadian Centennial). It was also the third world's fair to be held in the Pacific Northwest in the previous 24 years as of 1986 and to date, it still stands as the last world's fair to be held in North America.

It was a great success, drawing over 22 million visitors, double that of Knoxville in 1982 and three times that of Louisiana in 1984.