hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
German submarine U-439
German submarine U-439 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out four patrols. She sank no ships.

She was a member of six wolfpacks.

She was sunk after a collision with another U-boat when both were stalking a Gibraltar convoy on 4 May 1943.

Wolfpack (naval tactic)
The wolfpack (Rudeltaktik) was a convoy attack tactic employed in the Second World War. It was used principally by the U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by the submarines of the United States Navy in the Pacific War. The idea of a co-ordinated submarine attack on convoys had been proposed during the First World War but had had no success. In the Atlantic during the Second World War, the Germans had considerable successes with their wolfpack attacks but were ultimately defeated by the Allies of World War II. In the Pacific, the American submarine force was able to devastate the Japanese merchant marine, though this was not solely due to the wolfpack tactic. Wolfpacks fell out of use during the Cold War as the role of the submarine changed.
John Howard Yoder
John Howard Yoder (December 29, 1927 – December 30, 1997) was an American Mennonite theologian and ethicist best known for his defense of Christian pacifism. His most influential book was The Politics of Jesus, which was first published in 1972. Yoder was a Mennonite and wrote from an Anabaptist perspective. He spent the latter part of his career teaching at the University of Notre Dame.

In 1992, media reports emerged that Yoder had sexually abused women in preceding decades, with as many as over 50 complainants. The Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary acknowledged in a statement from 2014 that sexual abuse had taken place and it had been tolerated partly because he was the leading Mennonite theologian of his day and partly because there were not the safeguards in place that there are today.

Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Christian pacifists state that Jesus himself was a pacifist who taught and practiced pacifism and that his followers must do likewise. Notable Christian pacifists include Martin Luther King Jr., Leo Tolstoy, Adin Ballou, Dorothy Day, Ammon Hennacy, and brothers Daniel and Philip Berrigan.

Christian anarchists, such as Ballou and Hennacy, believe that adherence to Christianity requires not just pacifism but, because governments inevitably threatened or used force to resolve conflicts, anarchism. Most Christian pacifists, including the peace churches, Christian Peacemaker Teams, and individuals like John Howard Yoder, make no claim to be anarchists.
Władysław Golus Regional Museum in Ostrzeszów
Władysław Golus Regional Museum (Polish: Muzeum Regionalne im. Władysława Golusa) is a museum in Ostrzeszów, Poland. Located at the local town hall, it contains historical, archaeological, ethnographic, numismatic and art collections, including an exhibition devoted to the history of Norwegian World War II prisoners of war once interned in the Oflag XXI-C POW camp in Ostrzeszów in German-occupied Poland.

Other chief collections include the works of painter Antoni Serbeński and artifacts from the Greater Poland uprising of 1918–1919.

Oflag XXI-C
Oflag XXI-C  was a German Army World War II prisoner-of-war camp for officers (Offizierlager) located in Ostrzeszów in German-occupied Poland. It held mostly Norwegian officers arrested in 1942 and 1943, but also Dutch, Italian, Serbian and Soviet POWs. Originally most Norwegian soldiers and officers had been released after the end of the Norwegian campaign, but as resistance activities increased, the officers were rearrested and sent to POW camps.
Buddhajñānapāda
Buddhajñānapāda (also known as Buddhaśrījñāna, Jñānapāda and Śrījñānapāda) (c. 770–820 CE) was an Indian Buddhist monk and scholar. He is associated with the transmission of the Guhyasamāja Tantra of the Vajrayana school of Buddhism.

He is notable for being the first abbot of the mahavihara of Vikramashila which is now situated in the modern-day state of Bihar. He was probably a guru working in the court of the Pala Empire prior to this and was a disciple of Haribhadra who was the preceptor of Dharmapala. His writings survive in both their original Sanskrit as well as in later Tibetan translations.

Vikramashila
Vikramashila (IAST: Vikramaśilā) was a Buddhist monastic university situated in what is now modern-day Bihar in India. It was founded by King Dharmapala between the late eighth and early ninth century.

It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri. Its location is now the site of Antichak village near Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur district in Bihar. It was one of the largest Buddhist mahaviharas, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion including Atiśa and Ratnākaraśānti.

Vikramashila was established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala (783 to 820 CE) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda. It was destroyed by the forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji around 1193.
The Leather Boys
The Leather Boys is a 1964 British drama film directed by Sidney J. Furie and starring Rita Tushingham, Colin Campbell, and Dudley Sutton. The story is set in the early 1960s following the ton-up boy rocker subculture in London and features a gay motorcyclist. It is based on the 1961 novel by Gillian Freeman.

The film is notable as an early example of a film that violated the Hollywood production code, yet was still shown in the United States, as well as being an important film in the genre of queer cinema. An example of British kitchen sink realism, its treatment of homosexuality was considered daring at the time of its release.

Dudley Sutton
Dudley Sutton (6 April 1933 – 15 September 2018) was an English actor. Active in radio, stage, film and television, he was best known for his role of Tinker Dill in the BBC Television comedy/drama series Lovejoy.
Walking on a Thin Line
Walking on a Thin Line is the third studio album by German rock band Guano Apes. It was released on 3 February 2003 by BMG. Title of the album comes from a line in the song "Kiss the Dawn".

The album reached #1 on the German album charts and was certified gold for shipping 100,000 copies. Lead single "You Can't Stop Me" peaked at #10 in Germany.

You Can't Stop Me (song)
"You Can't Stop Me" is the first single from the Guano Apes' third album, Walking on a Thin Line. It was released as a single on 13 January 2003, at which point the album it would appear on was still untitled. It reached No. 10 in Germany, also charting in four other European countries, and performing well in Portugal. It was their first single released in the United Kingdom. The song would later also appear on the 2004 greatest hits album, Planet of the Apes.
Bond option
In finance, a bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond at a certain price on or before the option expiry date. These instruments are typically traded OTC.

A European bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond at a certain date in future for a predetermined price.

An American bond option is an option to buy or sell a bond on or before a certain date in future for a predetermined price.

Generally, one buys a call option on the bond if one believes that interest rates will fall, causing an increase in bond prices. Likewise, one buys the put option if one believes that interest rates will rise. One result of trading in a bond option, is that the price of the underlying bond is "locked in" for the term of the contract, thereby reducing the credit risk associated with fluctuations in the bond price.

Black–Derman–Toy model
In mathematical finance, the Black–Derman–Toy model (BDT) is a popular short-rate model used in the pricing of bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives; see Lattice model (finance) § Interest rate derivatives. It is a one-factor model; that is, a single stochastic factor—the short rate—determines the future evolution of all interest rates. It was the first model to combine the mean-reverting behaviour of the short rate with the log-normal distribution, and is still widely used.
Wanda Morgan
Wanda Morgan (22 March 1910 – 8 June 1995) was a leading English golfer of the 1930s. She won the Womens Amateur Championship in 1935, having been a runner-up in 1931. She also won the English Women's Amateur Championship three times, in 1931, 1936 and 1937. She played three times for Britain in the Curtis Cup, in 1932, 1934 and 1936 and for England in the Women's Home Internationals between 1931 and 1953. In early 1938 she took a paid position at Dunlop which resulted in the loss of her amateur status. She was reinstated as an amateur in 1949 but lost her amateur status again in 1954.

Women's Home Internationals
The Women's Home Internationals were an amateur team golf championship for women contested between the four Home Nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, where Ireland was represented by the whole island of Ireland on an All-Ireland basis. After the Ladies' Golf Union, the former governing body for women's golf in Great Britain and Ireland, merged into The R&A in 2016, The R&A took over organisation of the event. The match was played annually and the venue cycled between the four nations. In 2022 the match was replaced by a combined Women's and Men's Home Internationals.

The event started in 1905 when Mr. T. H. Miller presented a trophy for the competition. A number of earlier internationals had been played, with England and Ireland playing a match as early as 1895. Triangular matches involving teams from England, Ireland and Scotland had been played in 1902 and 1904.
Raheny parish (Church of Ireland)
The Parish of Raheny is the modern successor in the Church of Ireland to an early (1152) parish, in Raheny, a district of Dublin reputed to be a site of Christian settlement back to 570. Today's parish comprises Raheny village and the wider district, and is in a Union with the Parish of Coolock.  Its parish church is All Saints' Church, Raheny.

The other successor to the ancient parish is the Roman Catholic parish, whose boundaries have shifted somewhat from the historic ones.

Coolock parish (Church of Ireland)
Coolock is an ecclesiastical parish of the Church of Ireland located in Dublin, Ireland. It is one of two successors to the ancient parish of that name, the other being the ongoing Roman Catholic parish of St Brendan.
Crash B-Daman
Bakukyuu Hit! Crash B-Daman (Japanese: 爆球Hit! クラッシュビーダマン, Hepburn: Bakukyū Hitto! Kurasshu Bīdaman) is a manga series written and illustrated by Tomoya Kuratani, first serialized in the January 2006 issue of Coro Coro Comic. It is the fifth installment in Takara Tomy's B-Daman toy franchise. The television series started on 9 January 2006, replacing Battle B-Daman on TV Tokyo. It was the last television series of B-Daman until B-Daman Crossfire was announced on 3 June 2011.

Battle B-Daman
Battle B-Daman (Japanese: B-伝説! バトルビーダマン, Hepburn: Bī-Densetsu! Batoru Bīdaman; "B-Legend! Battle B-Daman") is a Japanese manga series by Eiji Inuki which ran in CoroCoro Comics by Shogakukan from 2002 to 2005. An anime adaptation was released in January 2004. It premiered in the United States in April 2005. It is the first show of the B-Daman series to be dubbed in English. In Japan, the second season, titled Battle B-Daman: Fire Spirits! (B-伝説! バトルビーダマン 炎魂, Bī-Densetsu! Batoru Bīdaman), was superseded by Crash B-Daman, a new series with an all new cast and story. The toyline was originally manufactured by Takara and was licensed by Hasbro for release in United States.
I Am Fire and Air
I Am Fire and Air (Swedish: Jag är eld och luft) is a 1944 Swedish drama film directed by Anders Henrikson and starring Viveca Lindfors, Stig Järrel and Olof Widgren. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm and at the city's Grand Hotel. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström. The film premiered in Sweden on September 7, 1944 , at the Royal cinema in Stockholm and the Grand cinema in Uppsala. The title is taken from a line in William Shakespeare's play Antony and Cleopatra.

Anders Henrikson
Anders Henrik Henrikson (13 June 1896 – 17 October 1965) was a Swedish actor and film director. He appeared in more than 50 films between 1913 and 1965. He also directed 30 films between 1933 and 1956.
Sajjad Ganjzadeh
Sajjad Ganjzadeh (Persian: سجاد گنج‌زاده, also Romanized as "Sajjād Ganjzādeh"; born 4 January 1992 in Tehran) is an Iranian karateka. Competing in the above 84 kg kumite division he won gold medals at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, 2014 and 2016 world championships, 2013 and 2017 Asian championships, and 2018 Asian Games. He has also won multiple awards in competitions within the Karate1 Premier League.

He is the first Iranian karateka to win an Olympic gold medal. He won the gold medal in the men's +75 kg event after being knocked out by an illegal kick from Tareg Hamedi of Saudi Arabia. Hamedi was disqualified and Ganjzadeh won the gold medal.

In 2023, he won one of the bronze medals in his event at the Asian Karate Championships held in Malacca, Malaysia. He won the gold medal in the men's kumite +84 kg event at the 2022 Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China.

Tareg Hamedi
Tareg Ali Hamedi (Arabic: طارق حامدي; born 26 July 1998) is a Saudi Arabian karateka. He represented Saudi Arabia at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He won the silver medal in the men's +75 kg event after being disqualified for knocking out his opponent with an illegal kick. He is an eight-time medalist, including four gold medals, at the Asian Karate Championships. He is also a gold medalist at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games and a two-time bronze medalist at the Asian Games.
Galusha Pennypacker
Uriah Galusha Pennypacker (June 1, 1841/1842/1844 – October 1, 1916) was a Union general during the American Civil War. He may be the youngest person to hold the rank of brigadier general in the US Army and remains the only general too young to vote for the president who appointed him. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership at the Second Battle of Fort Fisher during the Civil War.

Second Battle of Fort Fisher
The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a successful assault by the Union Army, Navy and Marine Corps against Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War in January 1865. Sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South" and the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy, Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war, providing a port for blockade runners supplying the Army of Northern Virginia.
Charles Hay (ice hockey)
Charles Cecil Hay (June 28, 1902 – October 24, 1973) was a Canadian ice hockey player and administrator. A member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builder category, Hay is best known for his work with Hockey Canada and his efforts to organize the 1972 Summit Series. His son, Bill Hay, played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

Bill Hay
William Charles Hay (December 9, 1935 – October 25, 2024) was a Canadian ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks. After playing, he was the CEO of the Calgary Flames. He was inducted into the builder category of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015 and was named to the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2021.
The Book of Los
The Book of Los is a 1795 prophetic book by the English poet and painter William Blake. It exists in only one copy, now held by The British Museum. The book is related to the Book of Urizen and to the Continental prophecies; it is essentially a retelling of Urizen from the point of view of Los. The book has been described as a rewriting of the ancient myth of creation that equates fall with the loss of spiritual vision brought about by selfhood.

The Book of Urizen
The Book of Urizen is one of the major prophetic books of the English writer William Blake, illustrated by Blake's own plates. It was originally published as The First Book of Urizen in 1794. Later editions dropped the "First". The book takes its name from the character Urizen in Blake's mythology, who represents alienated reason as the source of oppression. The book describes Urizen as the "primeaval priest" and narrates how he became separated from the other Eternals to create his own alienated and enslaving realm of religious dogma. Los and Enitharmon create a space within Urizen's fallen universe to give birth to their son Orc, the spirit of revolution and freedom.

In form the book is a parody of the Book of Genesis. Urizen's first four sons are Thiriel, Utha, Grodna and Fuzon (respectively elemental Air, Water, Earth, Fire, according to Chapter VIII). The last of these plays a major role in The Book of Ahania, published in 1795.
Coachella Valley–San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service
Coachella Valley–San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service is an effort by the Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) to start regular passenger rail services between Los Angeles and Indio, California. Service is envisioned to start at Los Angeles Union Station and run over the route of the Southwest Chief, switching to the valley's Union Pacific Railroad line at Colton to run over San Gorgonio Pass and terminating at Indio or Coachella. The proposed schedule would include one morning and one afternoon trip in each direction for two daily round trips. As of 2022, the current rail line in the Coachella Valley is owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, as part of its Sunset Route between Los Angeles and Yuma, Arizona. The Sunset Limited Amtrak service stops at the Palm Springs station three times a week in each direction.

Riverside County Transportation Commission
The Riverside County Transportation Commission (RCTC) is the County Transportation Commission for Riverside County, California, United States. It is an association of local governments in the county, with policy makers consisting of mayors, councilmembers, and county supervisors, and is the funding agency for the county's transit systems, which include Corona Cruiser, Riverside Transit Agency, SunLine Transit Agency, Pass Transit Agency and Palo Verde Valley Transit Agency. It also provides funds for city transit in Corona and Riverside and is one of Metrolink's five governing agencies. It is additionally the planning agency for the Coachella Valley–San Gorgonio Pass Rail Corridor Service.

RCTC is also a member of Southern California Association of Governments.
Secret Society (band)
Secret Society is an American hip-hop group from Brooklyn, New York. The group was ultimately formed in 2005 by Necro and Non Phixion, but its members had previously collaborated on numerous occasions prior to Secret Society's formation. Previously, all five members of Secret Society had been notable contributors in the underground rap scene.

Necro (rapper)
Ron Raphael Braunstein (born June 7, 1976), professionally known by his stage name Necro, is an American rapper and record producer from New York City. He founded his own independent record label Psycho+Logical-Records in November 1999. He is a member of hip hop groups the Circle of Tyrants and Secret Society together with his older brother Ill Bill, and one-half of The Godfathers alongside Kool G Rap.
708th Airlift Squadron
The 708th Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force Reserve unit.  It was last assigned to the 349th Operations Group at Travis Air Force Base, California, where it was inactivated on 30 September 1996.

The squadron was active during World War II as the 308th Troop Carrier Squadron a training unit that was part of the I Troop Carrier Command.

It was activated in 1972 as an associate unit, flying aircraft assigned to the regular Air Force 60th Military Airlift Wing.

349th Operations Group
The 349th Operations Group (349 OG) is a United States Air Force Reserve unit assigned to the 349th Air Mobility Wing. The unit is stationed at Travis Air Force Base, California.

The 349 OG controls all operational flying squadrons of the 349 AW.

The unit's World War II predecessor unit, the 349th Troop Carrier Group was a C-46 Commando transport unit assigned to Ninth Air Force in Western Europe.
Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid
Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid (Dutch: Schrijvende vrouw met dienstbode) is a painting by the Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer, completed in 1670–1671 and held in the National Gallery of Ireland, in Dublin, Ireland. The painting shows a standing woman seemingly acting as a messenger between the seated younger lady and her unseen lover.

It was famously stolen on 27 April 1974 during a raid on Russborough House, Ireland, and again in 1986 by a gang led by the Dublin crime boss Martin Cahill, although in both cases it was recovered.

Russborough House
Russborough House is a Georgian Palladian house between Blessington and Ballymore Eustace near the Blessington Lakes in County Wicklow, Ireland. The house was designed by Richard Castle for Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown and built between 1741 and 1755. It has an exceptionally long frontage measuring 210 m (690 ft). The interior contains fine ornate plasterwork on the ceilings by the Lafranchini brothers, who also collaborated with Castle on Carton House. Russborough contains an important private collection of European fine and decorative arts, including furniture, silver, porcelain and paintings many of which have now been transferred to galleries for safe keeping.

Russborough is open to visitors and is located on a 200-acre (81 ha) estate, with many of the original 18th-century features still in place including the walled garden, ice-house, lime kiln and the serpentine lakes. There is also a restaurant, shop and 2 km (1.2 mi) maze.
Moubray House
Moubray House, 51 and 53 High Street, is one of the oldest buildings on the Royal Mile, and one of the oldest occupied residential buildings in Edinburgh, Scotland. The façade dates from the early 17th century, built on foundations laid c. 1477.

The tenement is noted for its interiors, including a Renaissance board-and-beam painted ceiling discovered in 1999, a plaster ceiling with exotic fruit and flower mouldings with the arms of Pringle of Galashiels (five escallops on a saltire) dated 1650 painted on the wall, and a wooden barrel-vaulted attic apartment which is expressed on the roofline.

Persons associated with the house include Scotland's first eminent portrait painter George Jamesone, the English spy and writer Daniel Defoe, who was instrumental in the passing of the 1707 Act of Union with England, and Archibald Constable, proprietor of the Encyclopædia Britannica.

Moubray House is designated a Category A listed building by Historic Scotland.

Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe (/dɪˈfoʊ/ c. 1660 – 24 April 1731) was an English writer, journalist, merchant and spy. He is famous for his novels Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722) and Roxana: The Fortunate Mistress (1724). He has been seen as one of the earliest proponents of the English novel, and helped to popularise the form in Britain with others such as Aphra Behn and Samuel Richardson. Defoe wrote many political tracts, was often in trouble with the authorities, and spent a period in prison. Intellectuals and political leaders paid attention to his fresh ideas and sometimes consulted him.