hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Niobium–germanium
Niobium-germanium (Nb3Ge) is an intermetallic chemical compound of niobium (Nb) and germanium (Ge). It has A15 phase structure.

It is a superconductor with a critical temperature of 23.2 K.

Sputtered films have been reported to have an upper critical field of 37 teslas at 4.2 K.

A15 phases
The A15 phases (also known as β-W or Cr3Si structure types) are series of intermetallic compounds with the chemical formula A3B (where A is a transition metal and B can be any element) and a specific structure. The A15 phase is also one of the members in the Frank–Kasper phases family. Many of these compounds have superconductivity at around 20 K (−253 °C; −424 °F), which is comparatively high, and remain superconductive in magnetic fields of tens of teslas (hundreds of kilogauss). This kind of superconductivity (Type-II superconductivity) is an important area of study as it has several practical applications.
Shochiku Robins
The Shochiku Robins (Japanese: 松竹ロビンス, romanized: Shōchiku robinsu) were a Japanese baseball team that played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). The franchise originated in the Japanese Baseball League (NPB's predecessor) and existed from 1936–1953, when it merged with the Taiyo Whales. Originally based in Tokyo, the club moved to Osaka in 1941.

Japanese Baseball League
The Japanese Baseball League (日本野球連盟, Nihon Yakyū Renmei) was a professional baseball league in Japan which operated from 1936 to 1949, before reorganizing in 1950 as Nippon Professional Baseball.

The league's dominant team was Tokyo Kyojin (renamed the Yomiuri Giants in 1947), which won nine league championships, including six in a row from 1938 to 1943, when many of Japan's best players were serving in the Imperial Japanese Army.

Standout players from the Japanese Baseball League era included Haruyasu Nakajima, Tetsuharu Kawakami, and Kazuto Tsuruoka; pitchers Hideo Fujimoto, Eiji Sawamura, Victor Starffin, and Tadashi Wakabayashi; and two-way players Fumio Fujimura, Shosei Go, Masaru Kageura, and Jiro Noguchi.
Adamawa Emirate
The Adamawa Emirate (Fula: Laamorde Adamaawa, 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢; Arabic: إمارة آدماوة, romanized: ʾimārat·u ʾādamāwah; German: Adamaua; French: Adamaoua) is a traditional state located in Fombina, an area which now roughly corresponds to areas of Adamawa State and Taraba state in Nigeria, and previously also in the three northern regions of Cameroon (Far North, North, and Adamawa), including minor Parts of Chad and the Central African Republic.

Modibo Adama was a commander of Sheikh Usman dan Fodio, the man who began the Fulani jihad in 1809. The capital was moved several times until it settled in Yola, Nigeria on the banks of the Benue River in Nigeria around 1841. At the time of Adama's death his realm encompassed parts of modern Nigeria and much of north Cameroon. Much like the other emirates in the Sokoto Caliphate, Adamawa enjoyed considerable autonomy but it had to pay a tribute to the Sultan in Sokoto.

Emirates of the Sokoto Caliphate
The Sokoto Caliphate was a loose confederation of emirates that recognized the suzerainty of the Amir al-Mu'minin. The caliphate was established in 1809 and later became the largest pre-colonial African state. The boundaries of the caliphate are part of present-day Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Nigeria.

According to historian Mahmud Modibbo Tukur, by the turn of the 20th-century, the Sokoto Caliphate covered an area of about 150,000 square miles (388,500 square kilometers), not including parts of Adamawa (Fombina), located in modern-day Cameroon, which is estimated to cover over 100,000 square kilometers.

At the end of the 19th-century, the Caliphate comprised 30 emirates, excluding its twin capitals of Gwandu and Sokoto. Some of these emirates had autonomous sub-emirates under them, with Adamawa having the most, numbering over 40.

According to Yusufu Bala Usman, the emirates were:
America Recycles Day
America Recycles Day, also known as National Recycling Day, is a national observance in the United States dedicated to promoting recycling across the nation. Observed on November 15 every year, the observance is the signature recycling program of Keep America Beautiful (KAB), the managing and promoting organization for the holiday.

Keep America Beautiful
Keep America Beautiful is a nonprofit organization founded in 1953. It is the largest community improvement organization in the United States, with more than 700 state and community-based affiliate organizations and more than 1,000 partner organizations.

Keep America Beautiful aims to end littering, to improve recycling, and to beautify American communities. The organization's narrow focus on littering and recycling has been criticized as greenwashing in that it diverts responsibility away from corporations and industries.
'Abdullah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
'Abdullah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad (Arabic: عبد الله ابن علوي الحدّاد, romanized: ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlawī al-Ḥaddād, Arabic pronunciation: [ʕbd ɑllah ibn ʕlwij ɑl-ħadda:d]; born in 1634 CE) was a Yemeni Islamic scholar. He lived his entire life in the town of Tarim in Yemen's Valley of Hadhramawt and died there in 1720 CE (1132 Hijri).  
He was an adherent to the Ash'ari Sunni Creed of Faith (Aqidah), while in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), he was a Sunni Muslim of Shafi'i school.

Despite being a major source of reference among the Sunni Muslims (especially among Sufis), only recently have his books began to receive attention and publication in the English-speaking world.  Their appeal lies in the concise way in which the essential pillars of Islamic belief, practice, and spirituality have been streamlined and explained efficiently enough for the modern reader.  Examples of such works are The Book of Assistance, The Lives of Man, and Knowledge and Wisdom.

Tarim, Yemen
Tarim (Arabic: تَرِيْم, romanized: Tarīm) is a historic town situated in Hadhramaut, Yemen. It is widely acknowledged as the theological, juridical, and academic center of Wadi Hadhramaut. An important center of Islamic learning, it is estimated to contain the highest concentration of descendants of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad known as the Sayyids anywhere in the world. The city is distinguished for producing numerous Islamic scholars, including Imam al-Haddad. Additionally, Tarim is also home to Dar al-Mustafa, a well-known educational institution for the study of traditional Islamic Sciences.
The Runaway Bus
The Runaway Bus (also known as Scream in the Night) is a 1954 British comedy film produced, written and directed by Val Guest. It stars Frankie Howerd, Margaret Rutherford and Petula Clark and an ensemble cast of character actors in a story about a bus caught in fog while a gang of crooks tries to carry off a heist. It was the film debut of Belinda Lee.

The film is referenced in an episode of Frankie Howerd's 1970s radio series.

Belinda Lee
Belinda Lee (15 June 1935 – 12 March 1961) was an English actress.

A profile for the British Film Institute's Screenonline website asserts: "of all the Rank Organisation's starlets, Belinda Lee stands out as the most notorious, yet paradoxically anonymous, British actress of the 1950s."

Often cast in demure roles in her early career, she was able to demonstrate her dramatic abilities, but she found more constant employment when she began to play "sexpot" roles. Typecast as one of several "sexy blondes", she was often compared, unfavourably, to the popular Diana Dors. Typical of these roles was a supporting part in the Benny Hill film Who Done It? (1956).
Kiranmala (TV series)
Kiranmala is an Indian Bengali language television series which aired on Star Jalsha from 4 August 2014 to 19 November 2016. It was produced by Surinder Films and starred Rooqma Ray, Farhan Imroze and Chandrayee Ghosh. It was based on traditional folktales of the same name collected in Thakurmar Jhuli by Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder. The series was dubbed into Hindi, Tamil, and Odia and broadcast on Star Plus, Star Vijay and Tarantg TV. It returned in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The series re-aired a third time on Jalsha Movies on 13 May 2024.

Chandreyee Ghosh
Chandreyee Ghosh is an Indian Bengali actress who predominantly works in the Bengali film industry. Ghosh made her on-screen debut with the film Mahulbonir Sereng in 2004. She made her television debut with the lead role in the Zee Bangla television soap Labonner Sansar in 2007. She gained further recognition after portraying the role of Manasa in Behula aired on Star Jalsha in 2010. With a pivotal role in Montu Pilot, she made her web series debut in 2019.
James Densmore
James Densmore (February 3, 1820 – September 16, 1889) was an American businessman and inventor. He was a business associate of Christopher Sholes, who along with Carlos Glidden and Samuel W. Soule helped contribute to inventing one of the first practical typewriters at a machine shop located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

It was believed that Densmore had suggested splitting up commonly used letter combinations in order to solve a jamming problem, but this called into question. This concept was later refined by Sholes later refined this concept, so it became known as the QWERTY key layout.

Densmore was a militant vegetarian. His diet consisted of mostly raw apples. His brother was physician Emmet Densmore.

Densmore also supported women's suffrage in Wisconsin. When he was the editor of the Oshkosh True Democrat the paper publicly supported women's right to vote.

Densmore is remembered for the enigmatic fraternal organization he envisioned in his will, known as The Densmore Foundation.

Christopher Latham Sholes
Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 – February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and, along with Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended to be one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States. He was also a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician.  In his time, Sholes went by the names C. Latham Sholes, Latham Sholes, or C. L. Sholes, but never "Christopher Sholes" or "Christopher L. Sholes".
Assunta Spina (play)
Assunta Spina is a 1909 tragic play by the Italian writer Salvatore Di Giacomo, based on his earlier short story of the same name. It premiered at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples with Adelina Magnetti in the title role and a cast that also included Gennaro Pantalena and Francesca Bertini, who would subsequently play Assunta in the 1915 film. A 1927 revival at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan starred Vera Vergani.

Francesca Bertini
Francesca Bertini (born Elena Seracini Vitiello; 5 January 1892 – 13 October 1985) was an Italian silent film actress. She was one of the most successful silent film stars in the first quarter of the twentieth-century.
Rhoda Penmark
Rhoda Penmark is a fictional character in William March's 1954 novel The Bad Seed and the stage play of the same name adapted from it by Maxwell Anderson. Penmark is a child serial killer and psychopath who manipulates those around her. She was portrayed by Patty McCormack in the original rendition of the play and later in the 1956 film adaptation. She was also portrayed by Carrie Wells in the 1985 made-for-television adaptation, where she is called Rachel Penmark. In the 2018 adaptation and its sequel, she is known as Emma Grossman and portrayed by Mckenna Grace.

The Bad Seed
The Bad Seed is a 1954 horror novel by American writer William March, the last of his major works published before his death.

Nominated for the 1955 National Book Award for Fiction, The Bad Seed tells the story of a mother's realization that her young daughter is a murderer. Its enormous critical and commercial success was largely realized after March's death only one month after publication.

In 1954, the novel was adapted into a successful and long-running Broadway play by Maxwell Anderson and into an Academy Award-nominated 1956 film directed by Mervyn LeRoy.
Timeless (John Abercrombie album)
Timeless is the debut album by American jazz guitarist John Abercrombie, recorded over two days in June 1974 and released on ECM Records the following year. The album features a trio with Abercrombie alongside organist Jan Hammer and drummer Jack DeJohnette.

The ECM website praises the album by remarking that "This evergreen stands tall in the ECM forest. There is no sense of competition, only mutual reveling in a distinctly nuclear sound. One could easily call it fusion, but if anything it is fused with itself, for it has created every element it seeks to combine. Timeless indeed."

John Abercrombie (guitarist)
John Laird Abercrombie (December 16, 1944 – August 22, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist. His work explored jazz fusion, free jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Abercrombie studied at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. He was known for his understated style and his work with organ trios.
Rupert Myer
Rupert Hordern Myer AO (born 13 August 1958) is an Australian businessman and philanthropist. The Myer family’s largest investment portfolio is managed by The Myer Family Company, where Rupert Myer was chairman until 2012.

Myer's grandfather, Sidney Myer, was the founder of Myer, the largest department store company in Australia, and his father, Baillieu Myer, also served as company chairman. He serves as a director on the boards of Amcil (ASX: AMH), Ecargo (ASX: ECG) and Healthscope (ASX: HSO). Myer is a supporter of the arts, and has served as chairman of both the Australia Council for the Arts and the National Gallery of Australia.

Sidney Myer
Sidney Myer (born Simcha Myer Baevski (Russian: Симха Майер Баевский, Belarusian: Сімха Маер Баеўскі); 8 February 1878 – 5 September 1934) was a Belarusian-born Australian businessman and philanthropist, best known for founding Myer, Australia's largest chain of department stores.
Pride of the Marines
Pride of the Marines is a 1945 American biographical war film starring John Garfield, Eleanor Parker and Dane Clark. It tells the story of U.S. Marine Al Schmid in World War II, his heroic stand against a Japanese attack during the Battle of Guadalcanal in which he was blinded by a grenade and his subsequent rehabilitation. The film was based on the 1944 Roger Butterfield book Al Schmid, Marine.

Albert Maltz was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

John Garfield
John Garfield (born  Jacob Julius Garfinkle; March 4, 1913 – May 21, 1952) was an American actor who played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. He grew up in poverty in New York City. In the early 1930s, he became a member of the Group Theatre. In 1937, he moved to Hollywood, eventually becoming one of Warner Bros.' stars. He received Academy Award nominations for his performances in Four Daughters (1938) and Body and Soul (1947).

Called to testify before the U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), he denied communist affiliation and refused to "name names", effectively ending his film career. Some have alleged that the stress of this persecution led to his premature death at 39 from a heart attack. Garfield is acknowledged as a predecessor of such Method actors as Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, and James Dean.
Breeding blanket
A breeding blanket is a device used in nuclear engineering to transmute quantities of an element, using the neutron flux from a fission reactor or fusion reactor. In the fission context, breeding blankets have been used since the 1950s in breeder reactors, to manufacture fission fuel from fertile material. In the fusion context, they have been conceptualized for the manufacture of tritium from lithium-6. In both scenarios, neutron radiation is converted into thermal energy in the blanket, leading it to require its own cooling system.

Breeder reactor
A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material than it consumes. These reactors can be fueled with more-commonly available isotopes of uranium and thorium, such as uranium-238 and thorium-232, as opposed to the rare uranium-235 which is used in conventional reactors. These materials are called fertile materials since they can be bred into fuel by these breeder reactors.

Breeder reactors achieve this because their neutron economy is high enough to create more fissile fuel than they use. These extra neutrons are absorbed by the fertile material that is loaded into the reactor along with fissile fuel. This irradiated fertile material in turn transmutes into fissile material which can undergo fission reactions.

Breeders were at first found attractive because they made more complete use of uranium fuel than light-water reactors, but interest declined after the 1960s as more uranium reserves were found and new methods of uranium enrichment reduced fuel costs.
Carl Friedrich Emil von Ibell
Carl Friedrich Justus Emil von Ibell (29 October 1780 – 6 October 1834) was a senior government official (Amtmann) who famously survived an assassination attempt in 1819, and who ended up as president of the government in Hesse-Homburg which by this time was part of the German Confederation.

Hesse-Homburg
Hesse-Homburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and a sovereign member of the German Confederation, which consisted of the lordship of Homburg at the foot of the Taunus, which was then known as Die Höhe ("the Heights"). The reigning princes belonged to the Darmstadt line of the House of Hesse. It was created in 1622 by the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by one of his sons, but from 1622 to 1768 and again from 1806 to 1815, the territory was part of Hesse-Darmstadt. It was briefly divided into Hesse-Homburg and Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim; but these parts were reunited in 1681. In 1815, it became a sovereign principality, expanded with the addition of Oberamt Meisenheim in the Rhineland to give a total area of 221 km². When the reigning princely family died out in March 1866, the territory returned to Hesse-Darmstadt, but the latter was forced to cede the territory to Prussia in September of the same year after it was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War.
Alexander Poliakoff
Alexander Poliakoff OBE (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ио́сифович Поляко́в; 20 August 1910 – 26 July 1996) was a Russian-born British electronics engineer, inventor and businessman, and the chairman of Multitone Electronics for over 40 years.

Poliakoff was born in 1910 at his parents' country house at Losino-Ostrovskaya, near Moscow, the only son of Joseph Poliakoff, a Russian-Jewish telephone and sound engineer and inventor, and Flora Shabbat, the granddaughter of a textile millionaire. He was of Jewish descent.

In 1937, Poliakoff married Ina Montagu (died 1992), granddaughter of the British-Jewish banker Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling. Their elder son is the chemist Sir Martyn Poliakoff, and their younger son is the playwright Stephen Poliakoff.

He was appointed OBE in the 1982 New Year Honours.

His reminiscences were published in The Silver Samovar - Atlantida Press 1996 (ISBN 5-88011-013-3)

Martyn Poliakoff
Sir Martyn Poliakoff (born 16 December 1947) is a British chemist known for his work on green chemistry and for being the main presenter on the popular YouTube channel Periodic Videos. The core subjects of his academic work are supercritical fluids, infrared spectroscopy and lasers. He is a research professor in chemistry at the University of Nottingham. As well as carrying out research at the University of Nottingham, he is a lecturer, teaching a number of modules including green chemistry.
Three (TV channel)
Three (stylised as +HR=E) is a New Zealand nationwide television channel. Launched on 26 November 1989 as TV3, it was New Zealand's first privately owned television channel. The channel currently broadcasts nationally (with regional advertising targeting four markets) in digital free-to-air form via the state-owned Kordia on terrestrial and satellite. It previously broadcast nationally on analogue television until that was switched off on 1 December 2013.

Three is a general entertainment channel formerly owned by Warner Bros. Discovery New Zealand, with a news element under the banner of ThreeNews. Three carries a significant amount of local content, most of which airs at prime-time. The channel has been owned by Sky Network Television from 1 August 2025.

Rush (TV channel)
Rush is a New Zealand television channel owned and operated by Sky Network Television, which acquired it from Warner Bros. Discovery. It is broadcast via Sky, the state-owned Kordia transmission network, Sky and the streaming platform ThreeNow. The channel launched on 21 March 2022. Rush focuses on adventure shows such as Man vs Wild, Manhunt With Joel Lambert, Deadliest Catch and Treehouse Masters. The channel shares its name and some of its programming with Australian TV channel 9Rush.
Bath Forum
Bath Forum is one of the 40 historical hundreds in the ceremonial county of Somerset, England, dating from before the Norman Conquest during the Anglo-Saxon era although exact dates are unknown.  The Bath Hundred had various names over the centuries including The Hundred of Le Buri. The Bath Foreign Hundred or Forinsecum covered the area outside the city itself.

The Hundred of Bath Forum was situated at the northeast point of the county of Somerset, bounded on the north by the county of Gloucester, on the east by that of Wiltshire, on the west by the Hundred of Keynsham and on the south and southwest by the Hundred of Wellow.

It latterly contained the City of Bath, and contained the surrounding parishes of Batheaston, Bathford, Bathwick, St. Katherine, Freshford, Kelston, Langridge, Lyncombe and Widcombe, Moncktoncombe, North Stoke, South Stoke, Swainswick, Weston, and Woolley.

Charlcombe
Charlcombe is a civil parish and small village just north of Bath in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority, Somerset, England. The parish had a population of 422 in 2011, and includes the villages of Woolley and Langridge and the hamlet of Lansdown (not to be confused with the Bath suburb of the same name).
One Man Dog
One Man Dog is the fourth studio album by singer-songwriter James Taylor. Released on November 1, 1972, it climbed to number 4 on the US Billboard Top LPs & Tape chart. The album features the hit single "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight", which peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on January 13, 1973. The follow-up single, "One Man Parade", also charted, but less successfully, peaking at number 67 in the US, and reaching number 55 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.

The basic tracks for the album's 18 tracks, many of which are relatively short, were primarily recorded in Taylor's home studio. A Quadraphonic mix of the album was produced, which included alternate vocal takes and elongated versions of some songs, compared to the standard stereo release.

One Man Parade
"One Man Parade" is a song written by James Taylor that was first released as the first track on his 1972 album One Man Dog.  It was also released as the second single from the album, following up on the Top 20 hit "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight," after receiving significant airplay as an album track.  The single was issued twice with two different B-sides, "Hymn" and "Nobody But You." It did not achieve the same chart success as "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight," peaking at #67 on the Billboard Hot 100.  It also charted on the Adult Contemporary chart in Canada, reaching #55.  In some regions, such as in Europe, it was released as the B-side of the single release of "One Morning in May."