hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robert Asher (director)
Robert Asher (1915 – 1979) was a British film and television director, the brother of British cinematographer Jack Asher.

Robert Asher began his career as an assistant director in 1934, working with Anthony Pelissier, Robert Hamer, Maurice Elvey and Roy Ward Baker among others. During World War II he worked on such films such as When We Are Married (1943), Medal for the General (1944) and Waltz Time (1945).

Asher became a solo director with the Norman Wisdom vehicle Follow a Star (1959). He followed John Paddy Carstairs as the overseer of the Wisdom films, concluding with Press for Time (1966). The Morecambe and Wise film The Intelligence Men (1965), Wisdom's The Early Bird (also 1965) and the crime caper farce Make Mine Mink (1960) are among his other credits.

In the late 1960s, Asher began working in television, directing episodes of ITC Entertainment productions including The Baron, The Champions, The Saint, The Prisoner and The Avengers.

The Intelligence Men
The Intelligence Men (U.S. title: Spylarks) is a 1965 British comedy film directed by Robert Asher and starring Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise. It is subtitled "M.I.5 plus 2 equals 0". It was written by Dick Hills and Sid Green and Peter Blackmore.

Morecambe and Wise made two further films, That Riviera Touch (1966) and The Magnificent Two (1967).
Gmina Puńsk
Gmina Puńsk is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sejny County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, on the Lithuanian border. Its seat is the village of Puńsk, which lies approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Sejny and 126 km (78 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok. The current mayor of Gmina Puńsk is Witold Liszkowski (Vytautas Liškauskas).

The gmina covers an area of 138.37 square kilometres (53.4 sq mi), and as of 2016 its total population was 4,184. It is a bilingual district, with about 73.4% of the population belonging to the Lithuanian minority in Poland (the 2011 Census).

Puńsk
Puńsk ([puɲsk]; Lithuanian: Punskas) is a village in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in northeastern Poland, seat of the Gmina Puńsk in the Sejny County. It is located only 5 km (3.1 mi) from the border with Lithuania.
William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)
William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 1st Baron Herbert of Cardiff KG PC (c. 1501 – 17 March 1570) was a Welsh Tudor period nobleman, politician, and courtier.

Herbert was the son of Sir Richard Herbert and Margaret Cradock. His father was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke of the eighth creation (1468), by his mistress, Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt.

Richard Herbert (died 1510)
Sir Richard Herbert (died 1510) of Ewyas, Herefordshire, was a Welsh knight, gentleman, landowner, and courtier. He was an illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1423–1469), and Maud ap Howell Graunt, a daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt (Gwynn). Richard had a full brother named George.

Richard Herbert of Ewyas should not be confused with his uncle, Sir Richard Herbert of Coldbrook.
Craig Ramsay
Craig Edward Ramsay (born March 17, 1951) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He played in the NHL from 1971 to 1985 for the Buffalo Sabres, notably featuring in the 1975 Stanley Cup Finals with the Sabres. After his playing career, he became a coach with the Sabres and later served as the final head coach of the Atlanta Thrashers. From 2017 to 2025, he was the head coach of the Slovakia men's national ice hockey team.

1971–72 NHL season
The 1971–72 NHL season was the 55th season of the National Hockey League. Fourteen teams each played 78 games. The Boston Bruins beat the New York Rangers four games to two for their second Stanley Cup in three seasons in the finals.
Ilana (The Creator)
Ilana (The Creator) is the 2019 studio album by Nigerien desert blues band Mdou Moctar. The album was recorded in Detroit and was released by the record label Sahel Sounds. The album was the first where guitarist Mdou Moctar turned his solo musical project into a full band, and has received positive reviews by critics.

Mdou Moctar
Mahamadou Souleymane (born 1984), known professionally as Mdou Moctar (also M.dou Mouktar), is a Nigerien guitarist, singer and songwriter who performs modern rock music inspired by Tuareg guitar music. His music first gained attention through a trading network of mobile phones and memory cards in West Africa. He sings in the Tamasheq language. Moctar's fourth album, Ilana: The Creator, released in 2019, was the first to feature a full band. He plays guitar in the takamba and assouf styles. He also appeared in the 2015 film Akounak Tedalat Taha Tazoughai (Rain the Color of Blue with a Little Red in It).
J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton
Joseph Grégoire de Roulhac Hamilton (1878–1961) was an American historian of the South, author, and the founder of the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where he spent most of his academic career. He published books and articles about the history of Reconstruction but his most influential role was as an archivist, collecting manuscripts from around the South that form the core of the Southern Historical Collection.

Southern Historical Collection
The Southern Historical Collection is a repository of distinct archival collections at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill which document the culture and history of the American South. These collections are made up of unique primary materials, such as manuscripts, letters, photographs, diaries, drawings, scrapbooks, journals, oral histories, maps, ledgers, moving images, literary manuscripts, albums, and other materials.
Denis Johnson
Denis Hale Johnson (July 1, 1949 – May 24, 2017) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and poet. He is perhaps best known for his debut short story collection, Jesus' Son (1992). His most successful novel, Tree of Smoke (2007), won the National Book Award for Fiction. Johnson was twice shortlisted for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Altogether, Johnson was the author of  nine novels, one novella, two books of short stories, three collections of poetry, two collections of plays, and one book of reportage. His final work, a book of short stories titled The Largesse of the Sea Maiden, was published posthumously in 2018. Ted Geltner's biography of the writer, Flagrant, Self-Destructive Gestures, appeared in late 2025.

The Largesse of the Sea Maiden
The Largesse of the Sea Maiden: Stories is a 2018 short story collection by Denis Johnson. It was published posthumously on January 16, 2018, by Random House. It consists of five short stories, three of which were previously published in The New Yorker and Playboy. Johnson finished the collection a few weeks before his death in May 2017.

The book was a finalist for the 2018 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction.
April (girl group)
April (Korean: 에이프릴) was a South Korean girl group formed by DSP Media. The group debuted on August 24, 2015, with their EP Dreaming and its title track "Dream Candy". The group's final lineup was composed of six members: Chaekyung, Chaewon, Naeun, Yena, Rachel, and Jinsol. The group officially disbanded on January 28, 2022.

Dreaming (EP)
Dreaming is the debut extended play by South Korean girl group April. The album was released digitally and physically on August 24, 2015 and contains six tracks with the lead single, "Dream Candy". It marks leader Somin's only release prior to her departure from the group on November 9, 2015 due to her wish of continuing with her studies.
New Atheism
New Atheism is a 21st-century movement promoted by some atheist academics, writers, scientists, and philosophers opposed to superstition, religion, and irrationalism. New Atheists advocate the antitheist view that the various forms of theism should be examined, countered by rational arguments and criticised, especially when they exert strong influence on the broader society, such as in government, education, and politics.

Major figures of New Atheism include Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Christopher Hitchens, and Sam Harris, collectively referred to as the "Four Horsemen" of the movement. Proponents of the New Atheist movement have experienced some controversy and criticisms from academics and other atheists.

PZ Myers
Paul Zachary Myers (born March 9, 1957) is an American biologist and activist who founded and writes the Pharyngula science and atheism blog. He is associate professor of biology at the University of Minnesota Morris (UMM) where he works in the field of developmental biology. He is a critic of intelligent design, the creationist movement, and pseudoscience.

In 2006 the journal Nature listed Myers's Pharyngula as the top-ranked blog by a scientist based on popularity. Myers received the American Humanist Association's 2009 Humanist of the Year award and the International Humanist Award in 2011. The asteroid 153298 Paulmyers is named in his honor.
Action of 29 July 1782
The action of 29 July 1782 was a minor naval engagement that took place towards the end of the American War of Independence. The British Royal Navy frigate HMS Santa Margarita captured the 36-gun French frigate Amazone off Cape Henry, but the next day the squadron under Louis-Philippe de Vaudreuil intervened and recaptured the frigate.

HMS Santa Margarita
HMS Santa Margarita was a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She had been built for service with the Spanish Navy, but was captured after five years in service, eventually spending nearly 60 years with the British.
Noah's Ark (miniseries)
Noah's Ark is a 1999 American-Australian television miniseries directed by John Irvin and starring Jon Voight, Mary Steenburgen, F. Murray Abraham, Carol Kane, Jonathan Cake, Alexis Denisof, Emily Mortimer, Sydney Tamiia Poitier, and James Coburn. The film is a fictional adaptation of Noah's Ark from the Book of Genesis. It was initially televised in the United States, that same year, was also televised in Canada, Germany and Portugal, among other countries.

Emily Mortimer
Emily Kathleen Anne Mortimer (born 6 October 1971) is a British actor and writer. She began acting in stage productions and has since appeared in several film and television roles. In 2003, she won an Independent Spirit Award for her performance in Lovely and Amazing. She is also known for playing Mackenzie McHale in the HBO series The Newsroom (2012–2014). She co-created and co-wrote the series Doll & Em (2014–2015) and wrote and directed the miniseries The Pursuit of Love (2021), the latter of which earned her a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress.

She provided the voice of Sophie in the English-language version of Howl's Moving Castle (2004), and starred in Scream 3 (2000), Match Point (2005), The Pink Panther (2006), The Pink Panther 2 (2009), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), Chaos Theory (2008), Harry Brown (2009), Shutter Island (2010), Cars 2 (2011), Hugo (2011), Mary Poppins Returns (2018), and Relic (2020).
Samuel of Nehardea
Samuel of Nehardea or Samuel bar Abba, often simply called Samuel (Hebrew: שמואל) and occasionally Mar Samuel, was a Jewish Amora of the first generation; son of Abba bar Abba and head of the Yeshiva at Nehardea, Babylonia. He was a teacher of halakha, judge, physician, and astronomer. He was born about 165 CE at Nehardea, and died there in 254 CE. In the Talmud, Samuel is frequently associated with Abba Arikha ("Rav"), with whom he debated on many issues.

Nehardea
Nehardea or Nehardeah (Imperial Aramaic: נהרדעא, romanized: nəhardəʿā "river of knowledge") was a city from the area called by ancient Jewish sources Babylonia, situated at or near the junction of the Euphrates with the Nahr Malka (the Royal Canal), one of the earliest and most prominent centers of Babylonian Judaism. It hosted the Nehardea Academy, one of the most prominent Talmudic academies in Babylonia, and was home to great scholars such as Samuel of Nehardea, Rav Nachman, and Amemar.
Yokkaichi-juku
Yokkaichi-juku (四日市宿, Yokkaichi-juku) was the forty-third of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō, which connected Edo with Kyoto in the Edo period of Japan. It was  located in the former Ise Province in what is now part of the city of Yokkaichi, Mie Prefecture, Japan.

Kuwana-juku
Kuwana-juku (桑名宿, Kuwana-juku) was the forty-second of the fifty-three stations (shukuba) of the Tōkaidō connecting Edo with Kyoto in Edo period Japan. It was  located in former Ise Province in what is now part of the city of Kuwana, Mie Prefecture, Japan.
Tremona
Tremona was a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 5 April 2009  the municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

Capolago
Capolago is a village situated at the south-eastern extremity of Lake Lugano, in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Originally a municipality in its own right, Capolago is now a quarter of the municipality of Mendrisio, itself part of the district of Mendrisio.
Quiver (mathematics)
In mathematics, especially representation theory, a quiver is another name for a multidigraph; that is, a directed graph where loops and multiple arrows between two vertices are allowed. Quivers are commonly used in representation theory: a representation V of a quiver assigns a vector space V(x) to each vertex x of the quiver and a linear map V(a) to each arrow a.

In category theory, a quiver can be understood to be the underlying structure of a small category, but without composition or a designation of identity morphisms.  That is, there is a forgetful functor from Cat (the category of small categories) to Quiv (the category of multidigraphs).  Its left adjoint is a free functor which, from a quiver, makes the corresponding free category.

Multigraph
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a multigraph  is a graph which is permitted to have multiple edges (also called parallel edges), that is, edges that have the same end nodes. Thus two vertices may be connected by more than one edge.

There are 2 distinct notions of multiple edges:

Edges without own identity: The identity of an edge is defined solely by the two nodes it connects. In this case, the term "multiple edges" means that the same edge can occur several times between these two nodes.

Edges with own identity: Edges are primitive entities just like nodes. When multiple edges connect two nodes, these are different edges.

A multigraph is different from a hypergraph, which is a graph in which an edge can connect any number of nodes, not just two.

For some authors, the terms pseudograph and multigraph are synonymous. For others, a pseudograph is a multigraph that is permitted to have loops.
South African Music Encyclopedia
The South African Music Encyclopedia (Suid-Afrikaanse Musiekensiklopedie, or SAME) is an encyclopedia of South(ern) African musicians and music. Its four volumes were published in 1979, 1982, 1984, and 1986 under the editorship of Afrikaans music scholar Jacques Philip Malan in both English and Afrikaans. Commissioned by the South African Music Council in 1960, the work was ultimately overseen by the Human Sciences Research Council and published by Oxford University Press.

Jacques Philip Malan
Jacques Philip Malan (24 October 1917 - 20 June 2012) was a South African musicologist who held several prominent positions in South African music throughout his career. He was also the editor of the South African Music Encyclopedia, published in four volumes by Oxford University Press between 1979 and 1986.
Garrard & Co
Garrard & Co. Limited designs and manufactures luxury jewellery and silver. George Wickes founded Garrard in London in 1735 and the brand is headquartered at Albemarle Street in Mayfair, London. Garrard also has a presence in a number of other locations globally. Garrard was the first official and most notably important Crown Jeweller of the United Kingdom having supplied jewels for Queen Victoria, and was charged with the upkeep of the British Crown Jewels, from 1843 to 2007, and was responsible for the creation of many tiaras and jewels still worn by the British royal family today. As well as jewellery, Garrard is known for having created some of the world's most illustrious sporting trophies, including the America's Cup, the ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy and a number of trophies for Royal Ascot in its role as Official Trophies and Silverware Supplier, which originally dates back to the first Gold Cup in 1842.

Cricket World Cup Trophy
The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the Cricket World Cup. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history; prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup. The trophy was designed by Paul Marsden of Garrard & co and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months. The trophy is now manufactured by Otte will Silversmiths in Ashford.

The trophy has changed five times, with the current trophy being the tournament's permanent prize since the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Australia, the tournament's most successful team with six wins, are the latest winners of the trophy, having defeated India in the final. Australia have also won the latest trophy the most times (five).

The original trophy is kept by the ICC. A replica which only differs in inscriptions is permanently awarded to the winning team.
Oliver Sipple
Oliver Wellington "Billy" Sipple (November 20, 1941 – c. January 1989) was an American man known for intervening to prevent an assassination attempt against U.S. President Gerald Ford on September 22, 1975. A decorated U.S. Marine and disabled Vietnam War veteran, he grappled with Sara Jane Moore as she fired a pistol at Ford in San Francisco, causing her to miss. The subsequent public revelation that Sipple was gay  turned the news story into a cause célèbre for LGBTQ rights activists, leading Sipple to sue, unsuccessfully, several publishers for invasion of privacy, and causing his estrangement from his parents.

Sara Jane Moore
Sara Jane Moore (née Kahn; February 15, 1930 – September 24, 2025) was an American accountant and FBI informant who attempted to assassinate U.S. president Gerald Ford in 1975.

Moore believed the attack would spark a violent revolution across the nation that would lead to the U.S. government being overthrown for how they handled the Vietnam War. She was given a life sentence for the attempted assassination, but she was released from prison on December 31, 2007, after serving 32 years.

Moore and Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme are the only two women who have attempted to assassinate an American president. Both attempts were on Gerald Ford and took place in California within three weeks of one another.
When the Mills are Running
When the Mills are Running (Swedish: Där möllorna gå) is a 1956 Swedish film directed by Bengt Järrel and starring Edvard Persson, Ingeborg Nyberg and Börje Mellvig. It was shot at the Sundbyberg Studios in Stockholm and on location in the Netherlands. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arne Åkermark.

This was the last film that Edvard Persson appeared in.

Ingeborg Nyberg
Ingeborg Elisabeth Nyberg Roos (née Nyberg; born 13 October 1940) is a Swedish singer and actress.

Nyberg was born in Sundsvall. She was discovered at twelve years of age in the radio show Skansenkväll and made her album debut the same year with the music album Sommarnatt. Though her music was mostly Christian music she became a teen idol during her fame years in the 1950s. She recorded 10 single and EP records. Her most notable song is Aftonklockor, released in 1956. Ingeborg Nyberg acted in several film, among them the film Sjutton år (1957). In it she acted with actor Tage Severin.

Nyberg was married to Bengt Åslund between 1965 and 1976, and in 1989 she married Leif Roos. After 1986 she lived in Myresjö in Jönköping.
Shlaer–Mellor method
The Shlaer–Mellor method, also known as object-oriented systems analysis (OOSA) or object-oriented analysis (OOA) is an object-oriented software development methodology introduced by Sally Shlaer and Stephen Mellor in 1988. The method makes the documented analysis so precise that it is possible to implement the analysis model directly by translation to the target architecture, rather than by elaborating model changes through a series of more platform-specific models. In the new millennium the Shlaer–Mellor method has migrated to the UML notation, becoming Executable UML.

Sally Shlaer
Sally hashim Shlaer (December 3, 1938 – November 12, 1998) was an American mathematician, software engineer and software methodologist, known as co-developer of the 1980s Shlaer–Mellor method for software development.
Louisiana Code of Evidence
The Louisiana Code of Evidence is a code of evidence law, enacted by section 1 of Act 515 of 1988, under Louisiana Civil Law. The Code became effective on January 1, 1989, and governs proceedings in the courts of Louisiana to the extent and with the exceptions stated in Article 1101 of the Code. The Bill for Act 515 of 1988 was Senate Bill 155, introduced by Senator Ben Bagert.

Laws for a code of evidence was introduced in 1818, 1956, 1986, and 1987. After nearly two centuries of failed attempts to codify Louisiana's evidence law, the Louisiana State Legislature enacted an Evidence Code in 1988.

Law of Louisiana
Law in the state of Louisiana is based on a more diverse set of sources than the laws of the other 49 states of the United States.  Private law has a civil law character, based on French and Spanish codes and ultimately Roman law, with some common law influences. Louisiana is the only state whose private legal system is based on civil law, rather than the traditional American common law. Louisiana's criminal law, however, does largely rest on common law.  Louisiana's administrative law is generally similar to the administrative law of the federal government and other states.  Louisiana's procedural law is generally in line with that of other U.S. states, which in turn is generally based on the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Gyllene Tider (album)
Gyllene Tider was released on 18 February 1980 and is the debut studio album by Swedish pop group Gyllene Tider. The album peaked at number one on the Swedish Albums Chart and number 27 on the Norwegian Albums Chart.

As of July 1981, the album had sold 150,000 copies in Sweden since its release.

Gyllene Tider
Gyllene Tider (Swedish: [ˈjʏ̂lːɛnɛ ˈtîːdɛr]; "Golden Times") is a Swedish pop group fronted by Roxette singer, guitarist, and songwriter Per Gessle. They are one of the best-selling Swedish bands ever and have had numerous hits in Scandinavia, starting with their breakthrough song "Flickorna på TV2", in 1980. Since breaking up in 1985, the band has held regular reunions, with the latest one taking place in 2023.
Statue of Jefferson Davis (Austin, Texas)
Jefferson Davis is a statue depicting the American-Confederate politician of the same name by Pompeo Coppini. The sculpture was commissioned in 1919 by George W. Littlefield to be included in the Littlefield Fountain on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. It was installed on the university's South Mall from 1933 to 2015, when it was relocated to the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History in Austin, Texas.

Pompeo Coppini
Pompeo Luigi Coppini (19 May 1870 – 26 September 1957) was an Italian-American sculptor. Although his works can be found in Italy, Mexico and a number of U.S. states, the majority of his work can be found in Texas. He is particularly famous for the Alamo Plaza work, Spirit of Sacrifice, a.k.a. The Alamo Cenotaph, as well as numerous statues honoring Texan figures, such as Lawrence Sullivan Ross, the fourth President of Texas A&M University.