hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edmond Chait
Edmond Solomon "Moen" Chait (1912-1975) was a resistance leader of the Dutch-Paris Escape Line during the Second World War. Himself a Jew, Chait began his resistance career by helping other Jews to hide in the city of Antwerp, Belgium, as a member of the illegal Comité de Défense des Juifs (Committee for the Defense of Jews, CDJ). In mid-1942 he relocated to the city of Lyon, France, where he volunteered to lead Jewish refugees to neutral Switzerland. A year later in 1943, that escape line over the Swiss border expanded to reach from the Netherlands to Spain and Switzerland, going through Brussels, Paris, Lyon and Toulouse. Chait acted as one of the three leaders of the line, along with Jean Weidner and Jacques Rens.  Chait took on the most dangerous missions such as carrying large amounts of cash across borders or escorting Jewish children to safety.  He also arranged the escapes of prominent Dutch resisters, civilians wanting to join the Allies in England and downed Allied aviators.

Dutch-Paris line
The Dutch-Paris escape line was a resistance network during World War II with ties to the Dutch, Belgian, and French Resistance. Their main mission was to rescue people from the Nazis by hiding them or taking them to neutral countries. They also served as a clandestine courier service. In 1978, Yad Vashem recognized the Dutch-Paris's illegal work of rescuing Jews by honoring the line's leader, Jean Weidner (aka Johan Hendrik Weidner) as Righteous Among the Nations on behalf of the entire network.
Rosenholm Castle
Rosenholm Castle (Danish: Rosenholm Slot) is Denmark's oldest family-owned castle. It is located on Djursland,  north of Hornslet and northeast of Aarhus. It is one of the best-preserved complexes from the golden age of the manor house –  from 1550 to 1630.

Skaføgård
Skaføgård is a manor house in the parish of Hvilsager  in Syddjurs Municipality in the eastern Jutland peninsula of Djursland, Denmark. It is not one of Denmark's largest manor-houses, but one of the best preserved. Inside there is an enormous oak closet carved by the Dutch carpenter Mikkel van Gronningen whose most famous work is the pulpit in Århus Cathedral. The closet covers 13 m2 (140 sq ft) of wall space and, in view of its rich detail, is considered to be one of the most outstanding examples of carved wooden Renaissance furniture in Northern Europe.
Gus Schumacher (economist)
August "Gus" Schumacher, Jr. (1939–2017) was an American economist and agricultural policy official. He was Vice-President of Policy at the Wholesome Wave Foundation in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was also a member of the 21st Century Sustainable Agricultural Task Force of the National Academy of Sciences.

In 2007, Schumacher, along with Professor Robert Thompson, Gardner Professor of Agricultural Economics at Illinois, oversaw the preparation of the Task Force Report of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, titled “Modernizing America’s Food and Farm Policy: Vision for a New Direction” (2006).

The Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program at the United States Department of Agriculture is named after him.

Wholesome Wave
Wholesome Wave is an American nonprofit organization focused on nutrition and access to fresh food. Wholesome Wave operates two nutrition incentive programs, the Double Value Coupon Program and the Fruit & Vegetable Prescription Program, which tackle the issue of affordability for underserved consumers. The organization works with food hubs, retail outlets and convenience stores. Wholesome Wave's programs address the complex issues of food insecurity, farm viability, economic vitality of local communities, and diet-related diseases. Wholesome Wave was founded in 2007 by Michael Batterberry, Gus Schumacher and Michel Nischan.

The Obama administration named Wholesome Wave as one of five major strategy groups making a difference in the fight against childhood obesity in its "White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President"  and Guidestar's Philanthropedia named Wholesome Wave one of 18 outstanding nonprofits combatting childhood obesity.
Tunku Annuar
Tunku Annuar ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah (30 June 1937 – 21 May 2014) was a member of the Kedah royal family and the Chairman of the Regency Council of the Malaysian state of Kedah from December 2011 until his death in May 2014. He was the son of Sultan Badlishah and the half-brother of Sultan Abdul Halim.

Abdul Halim of Kedah
Al-Mu’tassimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah (Jawi: المعتصم بالله محب الدين سلطان عبدالحليم معظم شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان بدلي شاه; 28 November 1927 – 11 September 2017) was Sultan of Kedah from 1958 until his death in 2017, and served twice as the King of Malaysia from 1970 to 1975 and from 2011 to 2016. He was the first and only ruler to reign as king twice, as well as the oldest elected to the office. Prior to his death, he was the second longest-reigning living monarch in the world after Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
Lega Lombarda – Alleanza Nord
Lega Lombarda – Alleanza Nord (Lombard League – Northern Alliance) was an electoral alliance for the 1989 European Parliament election in Italy.

It was composed of six autonomist parties of six Northern regions (Italian league movement):

Lega Lombarda

Liga Veneta

Piemont Autonomista

Union Ligure

Lega Emiliano-Romagnola

Alleanza Toscana

The alliance won 636,242, or 1.8% of the votes and two MEPs: Francesco Speroni and Luigi Moretti, both of Lega Lombarda. In the next three years, the parties united and formed the Lega Nord on 10 February 1991. It was able to nearly quintuple its share of votes, reaching 8.6% in the 1992 general election.

Lega Toscana
Lega Toscana (English: League Tuscany), whose complete name is Lega Toscana per Salvini Premier (English: League Tuscany for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Tuscany. Established in 1987, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega Nord (LN) in 1991 and became the regional section of Lega per Salvini Premier (LSP) in Tuscany since 2020.

The party is currently led by federal commissioner Andrea Crippa.
Andy Cosslett
Andrew Peter Cosslett, CBE (born 14 April 1955) is a British businessman and chairman of ITV. He is former chairman of Rugby Football Union and Kingfisher plc.

He is also a former operating partner at Advent International, and former Trustee of Shooting Star Chase, a children's hospice charity. Previously he was the CEO of InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), and was succeeded by Richard Solomons.

IHG Hotels & Resorts
InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG), marketed as IHG Hotels & Resorts, is a British multinational hospitality company headquartered in Windsor, Berkshire, England. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. It is also a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

As of September 2025, the group employs 375,000 people and operates, franchises and leases more than 6,800 hotels globally.
Kentucky Route 957
Kentucky Route 957 (KY 957) is an urban secondary state highway located entirely in Warren County in south-central Kentucky. It is a north–south state route that is 3.331 miles (5.361 km) long, and mainly traverses the northeastern suburbs of the city, mainly in Plum Springs.

Plum Springs, Kentucky
Plum Springs is a home rule-class city in Warren County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 497 as of the 2020 Census. It is included in the Bowling Green metropolitan area. It is named for its location on Plum Springs Road (Ky. 957).
Joseph Darby (jumper)
Joseph Darby (6 August 1861 – 22 December 1937) was a renowned English jumper from the Black Country village of Netherton, in Dudley, Worcestershire. He specialised in spring jumping (jumping starting from a stationary position) often using weights in his hands to help propel him. After taking part in competitive jumping at venues in the Midlands and North of England in the 1880s, he went on to perform at theatres in London and Paris and crossed the Atlantic to exhibit in North America.  He entertained crowds by performing trick jumps and earned money in wagers with competitors. Highlights in his career included defeating the American World Champion spring-jumper in 1887 and appearing before the future King Edward VII in Covent Garden, London. After finishing his jumping career, he became a publican in his hometown.

Dudley
Dudley (/ˈdʌdli/ DUD-lee, locally [ˈdʊdləi̯]) is a market town in the West Midlands, England, 6 miles (9.7 km) southeast of Wolverhampton and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Birmingham. Historically part of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley. In the 2011 census, it had a population of 79,379. The wider Metropolitan Borough had a population of 312,900. In 2014, the borough council adopted a slogan describing Dudley as the capital of the Black Country, a title by which it had long been informally known.

Originally a market town, Dudley was one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and grew into an industrial centre in the 19th century with its iron, coal, and limestone industries before their decline and the relocation of its commercial centre to the nearby Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the 1980s. Tourist attractions include Dudley Zoo and Castle, the 12th-century priory ruins, and the Black Country Living Museum.
M.H. Laddé
M.H. (Machiel Hendricus) Laddé (5 November 1866 – 18 February 1932) was a Dutch photographer and film director. He was the director of the first Dutch fictional film, the 1896 comedy Gestoorde hengelaar (English: Disturbed Angler).

Between 1896 and c.1906 Laddé made several short silent movies for the studio Eerst Nederlandsch Atelier tot het vervaardigen van Films voor de Bioscoop en Cinematograaf M.H. Laddé & J.W. Merkelbach. These were shown by the traveling cinema of Christiaan Slieker (1861-1945).

None of Laddé's films have been preserved.

Laddé also was a well-known photographer with his own studio in Buiksloot (now part of Amsterdam) and was the son-in-law of the photographer J.W. Merkelbach (Johannes Wilhelm, known as Wim) (1873-1922) who was his business partner.

J.W. Merkelbach
Johannes Wilhelm Merkelbach (known as Wim; born Amsterdam, 31 October 1871, died 8 December 1922) was a Dutch photographer and cinematographer who was co-founder (together with M.H. Laddé, who was his son-in-law) of the Eerst Nederlandsch Atelier tot het vervaardigen van Films voor de Bioscoop en Cinematograaf M.H. Laddé & J.W. Merkelbach, the first Dutch film studio. In 1896 he co-directed the first Dutch fictional film Gestoorde hengelaar and later he co-directed the 1900 film Solser en Hesse.
Galaxy of Horrors
Galaxy of Horrors is a 2017 Canadian science-fiction horror anthology film consisting of eight short films within larger "wraparound" framing sequences before and after each of the shorts, in which a man (Adam Buller) wakes from a cryogenic sleep pod and is forced to watch the films as entertainment while his life-support runs out. The shorts are by international filmmakers such as Antonio Padovan, Javier Chillon, Benni Diez, Ethan Shaftel and Marinko Spahić, while Justin McConnell directed the wraparound.

Javier Chillon
Javier Chillon is a Spanish professor at the Lens School of Visual Arts known as a director of short 
films and music videos, particularly his "bizarre and compelling" short films, "simply unlike anything anyone else is making". Between them, Die Schneider Krankheit (2008), Decapoda Shock (2011), and the English-language They Will All Die in Space (2015) have been screened at over 800 international film festivals and won approximately 140 awards or honours.
Saint Mesrop Mashtots Church
Saint Mesrop Mashtots Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց եկեղեցի) is an Armenian Apostolic church in Oshakan that contains the grave of Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. It is one of Armenia's better known churches and a pilgrimage site. Pilgrims visit the church on the Feast of the Holy Translators in October.

Mashtots was buried at the site in 440, where a martyrium was built three years later. The current church dates to 1873–79, when an entirely new building was built on the grave of Mashtots, located under the altar. It has been the seat of the Diocese of Aragatsotn since 1996.

Mesrop Mashtots
Mesrop Mashtots (listenⓘ; Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց, romanized: Mesrop Maštoc' 362 – 17 February 440 AD) was an  Armenian linguist, composer, theologian, statesman, and hymnologist. He is venerated as a saint in the Armenian Apostolic Church.

He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, which was a fundamental step in strengthening Armenian national identity. He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and, possibly, the Georgian script, though it is disputed.
SATA
SATA (Serial AT Attachment) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier Parallel ATA (PATA) standard to become the predominant interface for storage devices.

Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) which are then released by the INCITS Technical Committee T13, AT Attachment (INCITS T13).

Port multiplier
A Serial ATA port multiplier (SATA PM) is a device that allows multiple SATA devices to be connected to a single SATA host port. Many common controllers do not support this feature, as it is not a requirement for a SATA controller.
Trần Tuấn Anh
Trần Tuấn Anh  (Vietnamese pronunciation: [t͡ɕən˨˩ twən˧˦ ʔajŋ̟˧˧]; born 6 April 1964 in Hanoi) is a Vietnamese politician. His family is originally from Đức Phổ District, Quảng Ngãi Province. He was the Minister of Industry and Trade of Vietnam and a member of the National Assembly of Vietnam 14th term of 2016-2021 of the delegation of the National Assembly of Quảng Ngãi. He attended the Central Economic Commission on February 6, 2021 but resigned in 2024. Before, he had been President of Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry, Vice Chairman of People's Committee of Cần Thơ City and Consul General of Vietnam in San Francisco. Between 2011 and 2013, he was also rector of the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City.

Anh became member of the Communist Party of Vietnam on November 29, 1996.

Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City
The Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), formerly known as Ho Chi Minh University of Industry (esquire: HUI) (Vietnamese: Trường Đại học Công nghiệp Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) (esquire: ĐHCN TP. HCM), is a university in Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is one of technical universities in the city. The university has 2,000 employees, including about 1,600 teachers and 200 guest trainers who are invited from universities, scientific institutes, and industry. University of Industry School, Ho Chi Minh City is working under the management of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The total number of students in the university in 2011 was approximately 129,000. (According to the report of the Conference of the academic year (2010–2011) by Dr. Dean. Anh Tuan Tran)

In 2020 the university was ranked in the top 650 of Asian universities of the QS World University Rankings.
Impermanence
Impermanence, also known as the philosophical problem of change, is a philosophical concept addressed in a variety of religions and philosophies. In Eastern philosophy it is notable for its role in the Buddhist three marks of existence. It is also an important element of Hinduism. In Western philosophy it is most famously known through its first appearance in Greek philosophy in the writings of Heraclitus and in his doctrine of panta rhei (everything flows). In Western philosophy the concept is also referred to as becoming.

Becoming (philosophy)
Becoming is a basic concept of dialectics that describes the processual nature of the world, the emergence and decay of essences, things and states. In contrast to change, becoming describes an event that develops from itself. Starting from this concept, philosophical thinking attempts to interpret processuality and changeability.

The word “becoming” is a substantive verb. The concept of becoming is a fundamental category of metaphysics. While the opposite term “being” in the absolute sense refers to a permanence, a stability in time, becoming refers to a progressive change of what sometimes is not and then is again, through a change in its attributes.
Jon Redwine
Jon Redwine (born in Oak Cliff, Texas) is an American record producer. He is best known for his co-production on Tinashe's 2014 single "2 On", which peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). He has also been credited on songs and albums by other artists including Chris Brown, Bobby Brackins, G-Eazy, Zendaya, Waka Flocka Flame, Mario, Jeremih, Colette Carr, MKTO, and Jake Miller.

Bobby Brackins
Robert Clifton Brackins III (born September 14, 1988) is an American rapper, record producer, and songwriter. Born in Berkeley and raised in East Oakland, California, he is best known as a credited songwriter on the 2014 singles "2 On" by Tinashe and "Loyal" by Chris Brown. As a recording artist, he is known for his guest appearance on Ray J's 2013 single "I Hit It First", which peaked at number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100.

Brackins signed with Republic Records as a solo act in 2010; his debut single, "143" (featuring Ray J) was released in May of that year and peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100. His debut studio album, To Live For (2016) was supported by the singles "Hot Box" (featuring G-Eazy and Mila J) and "My Jam" (featuring Zendaya and Jeremih). He frequently writes for productions by fellow California-based producer Nic Nac, with whom he formed the group Go Dav in 2007.
Bedlam in Paradise
Bedlam in Paradise is a 1955 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Shemp Howard). It is the 162nd entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.

Heavenly Daze
Heavenly Daze is a 1948 short subject directed by Jules White starring American slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Shemp Howard). It is the 109th entry in the series released by Columbia Pictures starring the comedians, who released 190 shorts for the studio between 1934 and 1959.
Death by Salt
Death By Salt is SLUG Magazine's signature local music compilation series. Its name refers to the vulnerability of slugs to salt. Beginning in 2004, there are currently 6 volumes in the series.

Together, Volumes I & II feature exclusive tracks from over 100 Utah bands. Each box set comes with extensive printed extras such as a 64-page color booklet and band trading cards. It is the most comprehensive music compilation to ever document the Utah scene. DBS III was released on 21 December 2007 and is the scene's first-ever local music compilation offered on vinyl. It makes the first in a series of genre-specific DBS releases from SLUG Magazine.

SLUG (magazine)
SLUG (SLUG being an acronym for Salt Lake UnderGround) is a free monthly magazine based in Salt Lake City, Utah. SLUG features music, lifestyle, arts and events with interviews, reviews and articles.

Established in 1989, SLUG has remained in print for over 34 years, making it one of Utah's longest-running independent magazines. They distribute over 20,000 copies across Utah each month. Angela H. Brown took ownership of SLUG Magazine in 2000, and is the current owner of the publication. Under her ownership, SLUG launched slugmag.com, which publishes online-exclusive content not found in the print issues.

The magazine's current tagline is “Causing A Scene Since 1989,” a reference to the magazine’s important role in documenting and promoting Salt Lake City’s local music scene since its inception.
Kurt Andersen
Kurt B. Andersen is an American writer, the author of novels and nonfiction as well as a writer for television and the theater.

He was also a co-founder of Spy magazine, as well as co-creator and for its 20-year run host of the weekly Peabody Award-winning public radio program and podcast Studio 360.

Studio 360
Studio 360 was an American weekly public radio program about the arts and culture hosted by novelist Kurt Andersen and produced by the Public Radio Exchange (PRX) and Slate in New York City. The program's stated goal was to "Get inside the creative mind" and used arts and culture as a lens to understand the world. The program was created by PRI based on an identified need for programming dedicated and focused on arts and culture journalism in media.
Turkey at the 2014 Winter Paralympics
Turkey sent a delegation to compete at the 2014 Winter Paralympics in Sochi, Russia, held between 7–16 March 2014.  This marked the nation's first participation in the Winter Paralympic Games.  Turkey sent two athletes; Mehmet Çekiç and Hilmi Esat Bayindirli; both were competitors in alpine skiing. The nation's best finish in any event was 18th, by Bayindirli in the men's sitting giant slalom.

Mehmet Çekiç
Mehmet Çekiç (born 1 January 1970) is a Turkish Paralympic alpine skier who competes in the LW4 disability class of men's slalom, standing and giant slalom, standing events. He represented his country, Turkey, at the 2014 Sochi and 2018 PyeongChang Paralympics.
Terry Hughes (biologist)
Terence P. Hughes (born 1956, in Dublin, Ireland) is a professor of marine biology at James Cook University in Queensland, Australia. He is known for research on the global coral bleaching event caused by climate change. Nature dubbed him "Reef sentinel" in 2016 for the global role he plays in applying multi-disciplinary science to securing reef sustainability.  He is an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow and Director of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. His research interests encompass coral reef ecology, macroecology and evolution, as well as social-ecological interactions. His recent work has focused on marine ecology, macroecology, climate change, identifying safe planetary boundaries for human development, and on transformative governance of the sea in Australia, Chile, China, the Galapagos Islands, Gulf of Maine and the Coral Triangle. His career citations in Google Scholar exceed 88,000.

James Cook University
James Cook University (JCU) is a public university in North Queensland, Australia. The second oldest university in Queensland, JCU is a teaching and research institution. The university's main campuses are located in the tropical cities of Cairns and Townsville, and one in the city state of Singapore. JCU also has study centres in Mount Isa, Mackay, Thursday Island and Rockhampton. A Brisbane campus delivers undergraduate and postgraduate courses to international students. The university's main fields of research include environmental sciences, biological sciences, mathematical sciences, earth sciences, agricultural and veterinary sciences, technology and medical and health sciences.