hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Krasnokamsky District
Krasnokamsky District (Russian: Краснока́мский райо́н; Bashkir: Краснокама районы, Krasnokama rayonı; Tatar: Кызыл Кама районы, Qızıl Qama rayonı) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic and borders with the territory of the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk in the north, Yanaulsky District in the northeast, Kaltasinsky District in the east, Ilishevsky District in the south, the Republic of Tatarstan in the south and southwest, and with the Udmurt Republic in the west and northwest. The area of the district is 1,594.92 square kilometers (615.80 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nikolo-Beryozovka. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 27,986, with the population of Nikolo-Beryozovka accounting for 21.8% of that number.

Nikolo-Beryozovka
Nikolo-Beryozovka (Russian: Нико́ло-Берёзовка; Bashkir: Николо-Берёзовка) is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Krasnokamsky District in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the Kama River, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) from Neftekamsk. Population:  6,099 (2010 Census); 5,981 (2002 Census); 5,270 (1989 Soviet census).
D. K. Ulrich
Donald Keith Ulrich (born April 10, 1944) is an American former driver/owner in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. As a driver, he had sixteen top-ten finishes in 273 starts. His last race came in 1992.

As car owner, Ulrich fielded cars for many years for young drivers such as Mark Martin, Sterling Marlin, Rick Mast, Greg Sacks, Davy Jones, Parnelli Jones III, Morgan Shepherd, Tim Richmond, Ernie Irvan, and Richard Petty after his No. 43 crashed in practice and the team's backup car was not allowed by NASCAR, the Petty team bought Ulrich's No. 6 Chevy and placed STP decals on the previously unsponsored car. Petty would finish 38th after an engine failure. He sold the team to Jasper Motorsports in 1994.

He has two children, Tammy Ulrich Langdon and Daniel Keith Ulrich, two grandchildren Truett and Patrick Langdon, and is the stepfather of actor Skeet Ulrich and his brother Geoff Trout.

Ernie Irvan
Virgil Earnest Irvan (born January 13, 1959), occasionally referred to as Swervin' Irvan, is an American former professional stock car racing driver. A retired NASCAR competitor, he is perhaps best remembered for his comeback after a serious head injury suffered from a crash during practice at Michigan International Speedway in 1994 that left him with only a 10% chance of survival. Irvan has been inducted into numerous halls of fame and was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998. After a series of injuries in the late 1990s, he retired from racing in 1999.
Scalar field theory
In theoretical physics, scalar field theory can refer to a relativistically invariant classical or quantum theory of scalar fields. A scalar field is invariant under any Lorentz transformation.

The only fundamental scalar quantum field that has been observed in nature is the Higgs field. However, scalar quantum fields feature in the effective field theory descriptions of many physical phenomena.  An example is the pion, which is actually a pseudoscalar.

Since they do not involve polarization complications, scalar fields are often the easiest to appreciate second quantization through.  For this reason, scalar field theories are  often used for purposes of introduction of novel concepts and techniques.

The signature of the metric employed below is (+ − − −).

Quartic interaction
In quantum field theory, a quartic interaction or φ4 theory is a type of self-interaction in a scalar field.  Other types of quartic interactions may be found under the topic of four-fermion interactions. A classical free scalar field  satisfies the Klein–Gordon equation. If a scalar field is denoted , a quartic interaction is represented by adding an interaction energy term  to the Lagrangian density. The coupling constant  is dimensionless in 4-dimensional spacetime.

This article uses the  metric signature for Minkowski space.
Bluffton Babes
The Bluffton Babes were a minor league baseball team based in Bluffton, Indiana. From 1909 to 1911, the Babes played as members of the Class D level Northern State of Indiana League, having been preceded by Bluffton teams of the 1890 Indiana State League and 1907 Ohio-Indiana League. The Babes won the league championship in 1909.

Ohio–Indiana League
The Ohio–Indiana League was a Class D level minor league baseball league that operated from 1948 to 1951. The league was composed of six teams from Ohio and two teams from Indiana. The Marion Red Sox won three consecutive league championships beginning in 1949. There was also a six–team Ohio–Indiana League that played the 1907 season.
Mario Batali
Mario Francesco Batali (born September 19, 1960) is an American chef, writer, and former restaurateur. Batali co-owned restaurants mainly in New York City along with Las Vegas; and Los Angeles including his flagship restaurant Babbo in New York City, which received a Michelin star for several years. Other notable Batali restaurants were Del Posto, Lupa, and The Spotted Pig where Batali was an investor. Batali has appeared on the Food Network, on shows such as Molto Mario and Iron Chef America, on which he was one of the featured "Iron Chefs". From 2011–2017 he was a host on ABC's The Chew. In 2017, the restaurant review site Eater revealed multiple accusations of sexual misconduct against Batali and, in March 2019, he sold all his restaurant holdings.

Babbo (restaurant)
Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca is an Italian restaurant in New York City.

Opened in 1998 by Mario Batali, it received the James Beard Foundation Award for Best New Restaurant the following year. Batali sold his ownership stake in the restaurant in 2019 after being embroiled in misconduct claims.

After being sold to Starr Restaurants in February 2025, Baboo reopened eight months later. The restaurant received a Michelin star for several years and was featured in the book Heat by Bill Buford.
Sarmatio
Sarmatio was a 4th-century monk in Milan and a disciple of Jovinian, who disputed the merits of the monastic and unmarried life. Sarmatio first met Jovinian when he travelled to Milan, where Jovinian found two monks of a similar mind, Sarmatio and Barbatianus. After Jovinian was expelled from Milan, Sarmatio kept doing work in Vercellae where he gathered a considerable following and public support; in response, Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, started defending ascetism. The views Sarmatio was preaching were condemned in the Synod of Milan.

Ambrose called Sarmatio and Barbatinus "foolish talkers, who say there is no merit in abstinence".

Barbatianus
Barbatinus was a 4th-century early Church theologian and a Jovinianist. Barbatianus disputed the merit of the unmarried life and opposed ascetism. Barbatianus along with Sarmatio met Jovinian when he travelled to Milan and found themselves to have similar ideas.

Ambrose wrote about Barbatianus, saying that he came from the monastery of Milan, which was also Ambrose's own monastery. He accused Barbatianus of permitting fornication and asserting it not to be inferior to the state of virginity, calling Sarmatio and Barbatinus "foolish talkers, who say there is no merit in abstinence". He even wrote a letter urging the church at Vercelli to resist the ideas of Barbatianus, to influence the election of the episcopal see in Vercelli.
Magnetic Hill Zoo
The Magnetic Hill Zoo (French: le Zoo de Magnetic Hill, formerly the Magnetic Hill Game Farm) is a 16-hectare (40-acre) zoo located inside the Magnetic Hill Park, in Moncton, New Brunswick.  This park also features the Magnetic Hill, Magic Mountain and the Wharf Village. The zoo has over 400 animals, making it the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada. In 2008, the zoo was rated fourth on a list of Canada's top ten zoos.

The zoo has been an accredited member of Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums (CAZA) since 1993.

Magic Mountain (New Brunswick)
Magic Mountain (French: Parc aquatique Magic Mountain), is mainly a water park, which is located in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. It is part of the Magnetic Hill tourist site. The park is the largest man-made tourist attraction in Atlantic Canada.
Linthorpe
Linthorpe is a neighbourhood in Middlesbrough in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. It borders the neighbourhoods of Acklam, Ayresome, Grove Hill, the town centre and Whinney Banks.

Middlesbrough
Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ⓘ MID-əlz-brə), colloquially known as Boro, is a port town in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. Lying to the south of the River Tees, it forms part of the Teesside built-up area and the Tees Valley. In 2021, it had a population of 148,215.
Northern Railway of Ireland
Northern Railway of Ireland was an Irish gauge 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) railway company in Ireland.

It was formed by a merger of the Dublin and Drogheda Railway (D&D) with the Dublin and the Belfast Junction Railway (D&BJct) in 1875. In 1876 it merged with the Irish North Western Railway (INW) and Ulster Railway to form the Great Northern Railway (Ireland).

Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway
54°35′42″N 5°54′54″W﻿ / ﻿54.595°N 5.915°W﻿ / 54.595; -5.915

Dublin and the Belfast Junction Railway (D&BJct) was an Irish gauge (5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm)) railway in Ireland. The company was incorporated in 1845 and opened its line in stages between 1849 and 1853, with the final bridge over the River Boyne opening in 1855.  It linked the Ulster Railway (UR) from Belfast to Portadown and Dublin and Drogheda Railway (D&D) from Drogheda to Dublin, completing the missing link in the Belfast–Dublin line.
Gáspár Károlyi
Gáspár Károlyi, or in Protestant usage, Károli (c. 1529 in Nagykároly – 31 December 1591 in Gönc) was a Hungarian Calvinist pastor. He was a major figure in the Reformed Church in Hungary. He edited the Vizsoly Bible.

Carei
Carei (Romanian pronunciation: [kaˈrej]; Hungarian: Nagykároly, Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈnɒckaːroj]; German: Grosskarol/Großkarl, Yiddish: קראלי‎, pronounced [krʊlə]) is a city in Satu Mare County, northwestern Romania, near the border with Hungary. The city administers one village, Ianculești (Hungarian: Szentjánosmajor).
Varanger Peninsula
The Varanger Peninsula (Norwegian: Varangerhalvøya; Northern Sami: Várnjárga; Kven: Varenkinniemi) is a peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway.  It is located in the northeasternmost part of Norway, along the Barents Sea.  The peninsula has the Tanafjorden to the west, the Varangerfjorden to the south, and the Barents Sea to the north and east. The municipalities of Vadsø, Båtsfjord, Berlevåg, Vardø, Tana, and Nesseby share the 2,069-square-kilometre (799 sq mi) peninsula. Nesseby and Tana are only partially on the peninsula, with the rest being entirely on the peninsula. The Varangerhalvøya National Park protects most of the land on the peninsula.

Varangerhalvøya National Park
Varangerhalvøya National Park (Norwegian: Varangerhalvøya nasjonalpark) lies on the Varanger Peninsula in Finnmark county, Norway. It is located in the municipalities of Båtsfjord, Nesseby, Vadsø, and Vardø, in the northeasternmost part of Norway. The peninsula was earlier the largest area within the Arctic climate zone in mainland Norway, but with the 1991-2020 normals, much of the area is now considered to be a boreal climate rather than arctic. Much of the area is still alpine tundra.
Coast Guard Air Station Miami
Coast Guard Air Station Miami is an Air Station of the United States Coast Guard located at Opa-locka Executive Airport in Opa-locka, Florida.  The station operates the HC-144 Ocean Sentry maritime patrol aircraft and the MH-65 Dolphin helicopter.

Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin
The Eurocopter MH-65 Dolphin is a twin-engined helicopter operated by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) for medevac-capable search and rescue (SAR) and armed Airborne Use of Force missions. It is a variant of the French-built Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin (SA366).
Cory Procter
Cory Procter (born October 18, 1982) is an American former professional football guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions, Dallas Cowboys, and Miami Dolphins. He played college football at the University of Montana.

University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana, United States. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. Fall 2024 saw total enrollment hit 10,811, marking the highest total enrollment for UM since 2018.

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" as of 2022.

Alumni include 11 Truman Scholars, 14 Goldwater Scholars, and 40 Udall Scholars. One alumnus, Harold Urey, has won the Nobel Prize.
Nyctimene (mythology)
Nyctimene (/nɪkˈtɪməni/, Ancient Greek: Νυκτιμένη, romanized: Nuktiménē, lit. 'she who stays up at night') was, according to Greek and Roman mythology, a princess and a rape victim, the daughter of Epopeus, a king of Lesbos. She was transformed into an owl by the goddess Athena, who took pity on her for her gruesome fate. The owl was one of Athena's most prominent and important symbols.

Epopeus (king of Lesbos)
In classical mythology, Epopeus (/ɪˈpoʊpiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἐπωπεύς 'all-seer', derived from epopao "to look out", "observe", from epi "over" and ops "eye"), was a king of Lesbos (the large island in the Aegean Sea opposite the coast of Asia Minor) who committed incest with his daughter Nyctimene.
Yurécuaro
Yurécuaro is a town and a municipality in the region of the Chapala cienega at the north-west in the Mexican state of Michoacán, at a height of 1530 meters (5065 ft) above sea level.  Its limits to the north with the state of Jalisco separated by the Lerma river, at west with La Piedad, at south with Ecuandureo and to the southeast with Tanhuato. The distance to the state capital Morelia is 125 miles (201 km) and to Guadalajara is 85 miles (137 km).

La Piedad
La Piedad is a municipality located at 20°20′N 102°01′W﻿ / ﻿20.333°N 102.017°W﻿ / 20.333; -102.017 in the north-west of the Mexican state of Michoacán, bordering Jalisco and Guanajuato and being the northernmost municipality in Michoacán. The municipal seat is the city of La Piedad de Cabadas.  The original colonial name was San Sebastián. It is bordered by the town of Santa Ana Pacueco, Guanajuato. Both cities straddle the Lerma River. La Piedad's population was 106,490 inhabitants in the 2020 census (250,000 including its metropolitan area). The municipality has an area of 284.11 km2 (109.7 sq mi). It is bordered by the states of Jalisco and Guanajuato.
Love, Timeless
Love, Timeless (Chinese: 鐘樓愛人; pinyin: zhōnglóu àirén; literally "Lovers of the Clock Tower") is a 2017 Taiwanese television series created and produced by Eastern Television. Starring Nick Chou, Summer Meng, Huang Wei Ting and Chang Chieh as the main cast. Filming began on February 24, 2017 and wrapped up on June 17, 2017. First original broadcast on TTV every Saturday at 10:00 pm starting April 15, 2017.

Summer Meng
Summer Meng (Chinese: 孟耿如; pinyin: Mèng Gěngrú; born 20 July 1991) is a Taiwanese actress known for her roles in television series such as Sweet Sweet Bodyguard (2012), Aim High (2014), and Love, Timeless (2017). She got nominated for Best Actress at the 53rd Golden Bell Awards, Taiwan's most prestigious television awards, for her role in Wake Up 2.
Battle of Maserfield
52°51′36″N 3°03′14″W﻿ / ﻿52.860°N 3.054°W﻿ / 52.860; -3.054

The Battle of Maserfield, (Welsh: Cad Maes Cogwy) was fought on 5 August 641 or 642 (642 according to Ward) between the Anglo-Saxon kings Oswald of Northumbria and Penda of Mercia allied with Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd, ending in Oswald's defeat, death, and dismemberment.

The location was also known as Cogwy in Welsh, with Welshmen from Pengwern participating in the battle (according to the probably ninth-century Canu Heledd), probably as allies of the Mercians. Bede reports the commonly accepted date given above; the Welsh Annales Cambriae is generally considered incorrect in giving the year of the battle as 644. The site of the battle is traditionally identified with Oswestry.

Oswestry
Oswestry (/ˈɒzwəstri/ OZ-wəss-tree; Welsh: Croesoswallt) is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished in 2009. At the 2021 Census, the population of Oswestry was 17,509. The town is five miles (8.0 km) from the Welsh border and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.
Dirk van Foreest
Jonkheer Dirk van Foreest (3 May 1862 – 24 February 1956) was a Dutch chess master. The elder brother of Arnold van Foreest, he thrice won Dutch Championship (in 1885, 1886, and 1887). He also took fifth place in 1884 and took second place, behind Rudolf Loman, in 1888. He is the great-great-granduncle of Jorden van Foreest, who won the Dutch Championship in 2016.

By profession, van Foreest was a medical doctor, and Max Euwe once said he could have been World Champion if he had dedicated himself fully to chess.

Arnold van Foreest
Jonkheer Arnold Engelinus van Foreest (29 June 1863 – 24 June 1954) was a Dutch chess master. The younger brother of Dirk van Foreest, he thrice won Dutch Championship in 1889, 1893, and 1902. He is the great-great grandfather of the siblings Jorden van Foreest, the 2016 Dutch Champion, Lucas van Foreest, the 2019 Dutch Champion, and Machteld van Foreest, the 2022 Dutch Women's Champion.

By profession, van Foreest was an inspector at the Dutch postal company, and also held positions in the Dutch Chess Federation, including one year as president.
Office for Judicial Complaints
The Office for Judicial Complaints (OJC) was an office within the Ministry of Justice which, between 2004 and 2013, managed the handling of complaints against the judiciary of England and Wales. On 1 October 2013 it was replaced by the Judicial Conduct Investigations Office.

The OJC also assisted in the handling of complaints against the judiciary of Scotland between 2004 and 2011, when the Judicial Complaints Reviewer was introduced.

Judicial Conduct Investigations Office
The Judicial Conduct Investigations Office (JCIO) is an independent statutory office in England whose remit is to investigate allegations of Judicial misconduct. Their offices are located in the Royal Courts of Justice, London. Their role is to support the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice who share responsibility for judicial discipline in England and Wales. It was established on 1 October 2013 when it replaced the Office for Judicial Complaints. The equivalent in Scotland is the Judicial Complaints Reviewer. The body was created under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005.

The JCIO publishes "disciplinary statements" when they issue a disciplinary sanction to a judicial office holder upon finding of misconduct. Such statements are deleted  after one year for sanctions below removal from office, after five years when the sanction is removal from office. However the Lord Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice may, at their discretion, decline to publish a disciplinary statement.
Flyleaf (band)
Flyleaf is an American rock band formed in Belton, Texas, in 2002. The band has charted on mainstream rock, Christian pop, and Christian rock charts. They performed around the US in 2003 before releasing their eponymous debut album, Flyleaf, in 2005. The album went platinum after selling more than one million copies. Flyleaf released their second album, Memento Mori, in 2009, which debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard charts.

Shortly before the release of their third album, New Horizons (2012), lead vocalist Lacey Sturm announced her departure. Kristen May subsequently became the new lead vocalist. May sang with the band until August 2016. After several years of inactivity, the band announced in November 2022 that Sturm had rejoined.

New Horizons (Flyleaf album)
New Horizons is the third studio album by American rock band Flyleaf, released on A&M/Octone Records on October 30, 2012. It was produced by Howard Benson, who has produced several of Flyleaf's previous recordings. It was the final album with lead vocalist Lacey Sturm, who announced her departure from the band, just prior to the album's release, in October 2012. Sturm rejoined the band in 2022.
Petersen's theorem
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, Petersen's theorem, named after Julius Petersen, is one of the earliest results in graph theory and can be stated as follows:

Petersen's Theorem. Every cubic, bridgeless graph contains a perfect matching.

In other words, if a graph has exactly three edges at each vertex, and every edge belongs to a cycle, then it has a set of edges that touches every vertex exactly once.

Julius Petersen
Julius Peter Christian Petersen (16 June 1839 in Sorø, West Zealand – 5 August 1910 in Copenhagen) was a Danish mathematician. His contributions to the field of mathematics led to the birth of graph theory.
Battle of Bucaramanga (1854)
The Battle of Bucaramanga was a military action of the Colombian Civil War of 1854, a conflict between the Republic of New Granada and the insurgents of José María Melo. It was held on July 12, 1854, in the city of Bucaramanga, Santander Department, Colombia. On the night of July 10 the commander Clímaco Rincón left with 90 men for Bucaramanga, in order to attack Martiniano Collazos, after his alliance with the rebel Colonel Dámaso Girón was proven.

After failed negiotiations for a peaceful surrender, Commander Rincón ordered the assault on the barracks. After a heated exchange of gunfire, the barracks were overrun and Martiniano Collazos was killed. The remaining 90 rebels were taken prisoner.

Colombian Civil War of 1854
The Colombian Civil War of 1854 was a civil conflict that took place in the Republic of New Granada (today Colombia). It was the popular response supported by both Liberals and Conservatives against the coup d'état orchestrated by General José María Melo on 17 April 1854.
Botești
Botești is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Barticești, Botești, and Nisiporești. It included four other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Văleni Commune.

The commune is located in the eastern part of Neamț County, 23 km (14 mi) northwest of Roman and 45 km (28 mi) east of the county seat, Piatra Neamț, on the border with Iași County.

In 2002, the commune had a population of 4,700, of which 95.2% were ethnic Romanian and 4.7% Roma; 67.1% were Roman Catholic and 32.8% were Romanian Orthodox. At the 2011 census, the population had increased to 4,989, with 97.21% Romanians. At the 2021 census, Botești had a population of 3,890; of those, 90.33% were Romanians.

Văleni, Neamț
Văleni is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: David, Moreni, Munteni, and Văleni. These were part of Botești Commune until 2004, when they were split off.