hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Neferkamin
Neferkamin (died c. 2188 BC) may have been an Eighth Dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.

His throne name "Sneferka" is only attested on the Abydos King List (n. 47) although it is possible that here the name is mistyped, and the O34 hieroglyph ("s") in fact is a R22 ("min"), hence "Neferkamin". The correct reading of this king's name is provided, along with the name of Nikare, on a gold plaque now in the British Museum; however, it has been suggested  that this object could be a forgery.

Neferkamin is absent from the Turin canon as a large lacuna in this document affects most kings of the 7th/8th Dynasty. No contemporary document or building with his name has been found.

Nikare
Nikare (also Nikare I) may have been an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC), at a time when Egypt was possibly divided between several polities. According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen von Beckerath and Darrell Baker he was the ninth king of the Eighth Dynasty. As such, Nikare's seat of power would have been Memphis.
Adhemar (comic book character)
Adhemar is a Flemish comic book character. He is the son of Nero in the eponymous Belgian comic strip series The Adventures of Nero by Marc Sleen and one of the main protagonists. He is a child prodigy who is both a professor as well as an inventor. His full title is doctor professor Adhemar. He is easily recognizable due to his mortarboard and tuxedo.

The Belgian comic book award Bronzen Adhemar has been named after him.

Nero (comic book character)
Nero is a Flemish comic book character and the main protagonist in Marc Sleen's long running comic book strip series The Adventures of Nero (1947–2002). He is one of the most recognizable comic book characters in Belgium and comparable to Lambik from the Suske en Wiske series by Willy Vandersteen.

Nero is a middle aged, fairly obese man who is bald except for two long hairs on his head. Furthermore, he wears a huge red bow tie and has laurel leaves behind his ears, in reference to the Roman emperor Nero after whom he was named.

Nero is an anti hero. He is a complex character with many good character traits, but also many human fallities. He is sometimes stupid, lazy, naïve, egotistical and vain, but in other situations he proves himself to be clever, friendly, determined and melancholic.
District A
District A is a historic worker housing district located in Manchester, New Hampshire, near the former Amoskeag Manufacturing Company millyard. It is bounded by Pleasant, State, Granite, and Bedford streets, and includes seven surviving tenement blocks (out of ten) built by Amoskeag between 1843 and 1852. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1982.

District B
District B is a historic worker housing district located in Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, near the former Amoskeag Manufacturing Company millyard. It is roughly bounded by Canal, Mechanic, Franklin, and Pleasant Streets, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1982. It contains 32 contributing properties, including seventeen rowhouse tenement blocks built mainly between 1838 and 1850, in an area of approximately 170 acres (69 ha).
Sahra
Sahra is the third studio album from Algerian raï artist Khaled, released in 1996. It was the artist's biggest production to date, being co-produced by Philippe Eidel, Don Was, Jean-Jacques Goldman and Clive Hunt, and including performances by many other singers from around the world. It features what is perhaps Khaled's most popular song, "Aïcha". Most tracks are sung in Arabic, with a notable dosage of French. "Ki Kounti" is partially sung in Spanish as it features Mexican Rock vocalist Saúl Hernández from the band Caifanes. The title track is named after Khaled's first daughter, Sarah, to whom the album is dedicated along with his wife, Samira.

The album was certified platinum by Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique on October 15, 1997.

The album was re-released by Wrasse Records in the US & UK in 2005.

Sahra produced four singles. "Aïcha", "Ouelli El Darek", "Le jour viendra" and "Lillah".

Aïcha
Aïcha "Aïcha" (/aɪˈiːʃə/ eye-EE-shə, French: [a.iʃa]; Arabic: عائشة, romanized: ʿāʾisha, pronounced [ˈʕaːʔiʃa]; Algerian Arabic: عايشة) is a song written by French singer-songwriter Jean-Jacques Goldman, performed by Algerian raï artist Khaled. In 1996, the song was released as a single containing two versions: a French version and a bilingual version sung in both French and Arabic. The Arabic lyrics were written by Khaled. On his 1996 album Sahra, the bilingual version is featured. The song's music video, which also uses the mixed language version, was directed by Sarah Moon.
C. Pat Taylor
Charles Pat Taylor (born December 10, 1945) is a retired American university president. Taylor served over 20 years as President of Southwest Baptist University, and his most recent role was as the interim president of Oklahoma Baptist University. He retired from OBU when Heath Thomas assumed the role of president on January 1, 2020.

Oklahoma Baptist University
Oklahoma Baptist University (OBU) is a private Baptist university in Shawnee, Oklahoma. It was established in 1910 under the original name of The Baptist University of Oklahoma. OBU is owned and was founded by the Baptist General Convention of Oklahoma.
Raiganj University
Raiganj University  is a public state university in Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. It is the oldest higher educational institution in the North Dinajpur district. This institution was elevated to the status of a public state university on 3 February 2015 by an Act of the West Bengal legislature  after functioning as a constituent college of the University of North Bengal for a long time. This university offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral level courses.

Raiganj
Raiganj (Bengali pronunciation: [rae̯ gɔnd͡ʒ]), is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal and it stands on the bank of the Kulik river. This city is the headquarters of the Uttar Dinajpur district. The city situated in the narrow strip which joins the northern and southern portion of the state of West Bengal, has come up in prominence as a result of partition of India.
Vitorino Nemésio
Vitorino Nemésio Mendes Pinheiro da Silva (19 December 1901 – 20 February 1978) was a Portuguese poet, author and intellectual from Terceira, Azores, best known for his novel Mau Tempo No Canal (literally, Bad Weather in the Channel but published in an English translation as Stormy Isles – An Azorean Tale), as well as a professor in the Faculty of Letters at the University of Lisbon and member of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon.

University of Lisbon
The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Portuguese: Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and Portugal's largest university. It was founded in 1911, but the university's present structure dates to the 2013 merger of the former University of Lisbon (1911–2013) and the Technical University of Lisbon (1930–2013).
Present absentee
Present absentees are Arab internally displaced persons (IDPs) who fled or were expelled from their homes in Mandatory Palestine during the 1947–1949 Palestine war but remained within the area that became the state of Israel.

In 1950, 46,000 out of the 156,000 Israeli Arabs in Israel were considered present absentees. According to 2015 estimates from Palestinian NGO BADIL, there are 384,200 IDPs in Israel and 334,600 IDPs in the Palestinian territories.

IDPs are not permitted to live in the homes they formerly lived in, even if they were in the same area as their home, the property still exists, and they can show that they own it. They are regarded as absent by the Israeli government because they were absent from their homes on a particular day, even if they did not intend to leave them for more than a few days, and even if they left involuntarily. The community carries out an annual March of Return to their former villages.

Israeli land and property laws
Land and property laws in Israel are the property law component of Israeli law, providing the legal framework for the ownership and other in rem rights towards all forms of property in Israel, including real estate (land) and movable property. Besides tangible property, economic rights are also usually treated as property, in addition to being covered by the law of obligations.
Cadenza
In music, a cadenza (from Italian: cadenza [kaˈdɛntsa], meaning cadence; plural, cadenze [kaˈdɛntse]) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display. During this time, the accompaniment will rest or sustain a note or chord. Thus, an improvised cadenza is indicated in written notation by a fermata in all parts. A cadenza will usually occur over either the final or penultimate note in a piece, the lead-in (German: Eingang), or the final or penultimate note in an important subsection of a piece. A cadenza can also be found before a final coda or ritornello.

Solo (music)
In music, a solo (Italian for 'alone') is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung featuring a single performer, who may be performing completely alone or supported by an accompanying instrument such as a piano or organ, a continuo group (in Baroque music), or the rest of a choir, orchestra, band, or other ensemble. Performing a solo is "to solo", and the performer is known as a soloist.

The plural is soli or the anglicised form solos. In some contexts these are interchangeable, but soli tends to be restricted to classical music, and mostly either the solo performers or the solo passages in a single piece. Furthermore, the word soli can be used to refer to a small number of simultaneous parts assigned to single players in an orchestral composition. In the Baroque concerto grosso, the term for such a group of soloists was concertino.

An instrumental solo is often used in popular music during a break or bridge to add interest and variety to a part of the song without lyrics.
Polish opera
Polish opera may be broadly understood to include operas staged in Poland and works written for foreign stages by Polish composers, as well as opera in the Polish language.

The tradition reaches back to Italian language entertainments of the baroque.   Romantic opera in Polish flourished alongside nationalism after the partition and is exemplified by the work of Stanisław Moniuszko. In the 20th century Polish opera was exported and composers such as Krzysztof Penderecki wrote operas in other languages (Ubu Rex, Die Teufel von Loudun) that were translated into Polish later.

Stanisław Moniuszko
Stanisław Moniuszko (Polish: [stãˈɲiswaf mɔ̃ˈɲuʃkɔ] ⓘ; May 5 (17), 1819 – June 4, 1872) was a Polish composer, conductor, organist and pedagogue. He wrote many popular art songs and operas, including The Haunted Manor and Halka, and his music is filled with patriotic folk themes of the peoples of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (mainly Poles, Lithuanians and Belarusians). He is generally referred to as "the father of Polish national opera". Since the 1990s Stanisław Moniuszko has been recognized in Belarus as an important figure to Belarusian culture as well.
Darrell Nicholson
Darrell Nicholson (born August 23, 1959) is an American former professional football linebacker. After a career at North Carolina, where he earned first-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference honors in 1980 when the Tar Heels finished 11–1 and won the ACC with a 6–0 record, Nicholson was selected by the New York Giants in the 1982 NFL draft. After only one season, he joined the Toronto Argonauts and helped the team win the 71st Grey Cup.

In his junior season at UNC, where he was a teammate of Lawrence Taylor, Nicholson led the Tar Heels in tackles with 75 solos and 42 assists. He had been the ACC Rookie of the Year in 1978.

His sons A. J. Nicholson and Derek Nicholson played for the Florida State Seminoles.

Derek Nicholson
Derek Nicholson (born November 30, 1986) is the inside linebackers coach at Missouri and an American former football linebacker. He played college football at Florida State and previously coached at Southern Miss and Louisville.
No. 216 Squadron RAF
Number 216 Squadron is a squadron of the Royal Air Force based at RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire, since reforming on 1 April 2020 and is tasked with testing future drone swarm technology. It had previously operated Lockheed TriStar K1, KC1 and C2s from RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, between November 1984 and March 2014.

RAF Brize Norton
RAF Brize Norton (/braɪz/, IATA: BZZ, ICAO: EGVN) is the largest station of the Royal Air Force in the United Kingdom. It is located in Oxfordshire, approximately 75 mi (121 km) west-northwest of London, near the village of Brize Norton and the towns of Carterton and Witney.

The station is the base for air transport, air-to-air refuelling and military parachuting, with the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, Airbus A400M Atlas and Airbus Voyager operating from the station.

Major infrastructure redevelopment began in 2010, ahead of the closure of RAF Lyneham in 2012, and Brize Norton became the sole air point of embarkation for British troops.
72nd Venice International Film Festival
The 72nd annual Venice International Film Festival, was held from 2 to 12 September 2015, at Venice Lido in Italy.

Mexican filmmaker Alfonso Cuarón was the jury president for the main competition. French-Italian actress Elisa Sednaoui hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the festival. The Golden Lion was awarded to From Afar by Lorenzo Vigas.

The festival poster featured Nastassja Kinski in front as reminiscent of Wim Wenders's Faraway, So Close!, while in the background it featured the character of Antoine Doinel portrayed by Jean-Pierre Léaud from François Truffaut's 1959 drama film The 400 Blows, which also appeared on the 71st Venice International Film Festival poster.

The festival opened with Everest by Baltasar Kormákur, and closed with Mr. Six by Guan Hu.

From Afar (film)
From Afar (Spanish: Desde allá) is a 2015 Venezuelan-Mexican psychological drama film written and directed by Lorenzo Vigas in his directorial debut. It won the Golden Lion at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival. It was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.

The film is about Armando, a wealthy middle-aged man who gets involved with Élder, a young man from a street gang.
Arabs in the Netherlands
Arabs in the Netherlands (Dutch: Arabieren in Nederland; Arabic: العرب في هولندا), also Arab Dutch (Arabische Nederlanders) or Dutch Arabs (Nederlandse Arabieren), are citizens or residents of the Netherlands whose ancestry traces back to the Arab world.

Egyptians in the Netherlands
Egyptians in the Netherlands (Dutch: Egyptenaren in Nederland; Arabic: مصريون في هولندا, romanized: Miṣrīyūn fī Hūlandā) are residents or citizens of the Netherlands who are of Egyptian ancestry. The community is relatively small, numbering 27,504 individuals.
Nadigan
Nadigan (transl. Actor) is a 1990 Indian Tamil-language comedy thriller film written directed by P. Vasu. A remake of the Hindi film Professor (1962), it stars Sathyaraj and Khushbu. The film was released on 30 November 1990 and became a critical and commercial success, winning four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards.

Professor (1962 film)
Professor is a 1962 Hindi musical comedy film produced by F. C. Mehra and directed by Lekh Tandon. The film stars Shammi Kapoor, Kalpana, Bela Bose, Lalita Pawar, Tun Tun and Iftekhar. It was a box office super hit.

The film was remade in Tamil as Nadigan (1990), in Telugu twice as Bhale Mastaru (1969), Peddinti Alludu (1991), and in Kannada as Gopi Krishna. Red Chillies Entertainment currently owns the film rights.
Musil
Musil (feminine Musilová) is a Czech surname, which means "he had to", from the past tense of the Czech word musit (must). The equivalent surname in Polish is Musiał, also spelled Musial. Notable people include:

Alois Musil (1868–1944), Czech explorer and writer

Bartolo Musil (born 1974), Austrian musician

Bohumil Musil (1922–1999), Czech football player and coach

Cyril Musil (1907–1977), Czech skier

David Musil (born 1993), Czech ice hockey player

Donna Musil (born 1960), American filmmaker

Frank Musil (born 1964), Czech ice hockey player and coach

Jaromír Musil (born 1988), Czech judoka

Josef Musil (1932–2017), Czech volleyball player

Michaela Musilová (born 1989), Czech sport shooter

Miroslav Musil (born 1950), Czech wrestler

Pavel Musil (born 1992), Czech ice hockey player

Petr Musil (born 1981), Czech football player

Robert Musil (1880–1942), Austrian writer

Roman Musil (born 1970), Czech athlete

Šárka Musilová (born 1991), Czech Paralympic archer

Musiał
Musiał or Musial (Polish pronunciation: [ˈmuɕaw], plural: Musiałowie) is a Polish surname meaning "he had to" (Musiał) or "she had to" (Musiała), from the past tense of the Polish word musieć. An equivalent surname in Czech is Musil. Notable people with this surname include:

Adam Musiał (1948–2020), Polish football player and manager

Bogdan Musiał (born 1960), Polish historian

Maciej Musiał (born 1977), Polish football manager

Maciej Musiał (born 1952), Polish politician

Maciej Musiał (born 1995), Polish actor

Mariusz Musial (born 1978), Norwegian athlete

Stan Musial (1920–2013), American baseball player

Stanisław Musiał (1938–2004), Polish writer

Władysław Musiał, Polish football player

Joe Musial (1905–1977), American cartoonist

Jamal Musiala (born 2003), German footballer
The Over-the-Hill Gang Rides Again
The Over-the-Hill Gang Rides Again starring Walter Brennan and Fred Astaire is a 1970 ABC Movie of the Week sequel to the Western comedy The Over-the-Hill Gang. The supporting cast includes Edgar Buchanan, Andy Devine, Chill Wills, Lana Wood, and Burt Mustin (all of whom, except Wood, were in The Over-the-Hill Gang). Like the 1969 original, the sequel involves a group of aging Texas Rangers and was written by Richard Carr and directed by George McCowan.

Pat O'Brien had played the second lead in the first film, but his character was left out of the sequel and he was effectively replaced by Astaire, who was not in the original film.

Richard Widmark played O'Brien's character in a quasi-remake two decades later entitled Once Upon a Texas Train, in which the Over-the-Hill Gang, with an entirely new cast including Stuart Whitman, played supporting roles to Willie Nelson's train robber.

This was the final film for three-time Academy Award-winner Walter Brennan.

Burt Mustin
Burton Hill Mustin (February 8, 1884 – January 28, 1977) was an American character actor who appeared in over 150 film and television productions. He also worked in radio and appeared on the stage.

Mustin began his professional acting career at the age of 67 when he appeared in The Last Outpost, released April 1951 and then director William Wyler cast him in the 1951 film noir Detective Story, released November 1951. Known for his dependability and versatility, Mustin established a career as a well-known character actor and worked extensively in film and television from the 1950s to the 1970s. His last major role was as Arthur Lanson on the CBS sitcom Phyllis, appearing on the show until shortly before his death in early 1977 at the age of 92.
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann were an English-based rock band formed in London in 1962. They were named after their keyboardist Manfred Mann. The group had two lead vocalists: Paul Jones from 1962 to 1966 and Mike d'Abo from 1966 to 1969. Other members of various group line-ups were Mike Hugg, Mike Vickers, Dave Richmond, Tom McGuinness, Jack Bruce and Klaus Voormann.

Prominent in the Swinging London scene of the 1960s, the group regularly appeared in the UK Singles Chart. Their breakthrough hit "5-4-3-2-1" (1964) was the theme tune for the ITV pop music show Ready Steady Go!. The band achieved a UK and US No. 1 hit with "Do Wah Diddy Diddy" (1964) and two further UK No. 1 singles, "Pretty Flamingo" (1966) and "Mighty Quinn" (1968).

Do Wah Diddy Diddy
"Do Wah Diddy Diddy" is a song written by Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich and originally recorded in 1963, as "Do-Wah-Diddy", by the American vocal group the Exciters. Cash Box described the Exciters' version as "a sparkling rocker that bubbles over with coin-catching enthusiasm" and said that the "great lead job is backed by a fabulous instrumental arrangement." It was made internationally famous by the British band Manfred Mann and covered by Fun Factory in 1995.
Arthrogryposis
Arthrogryposis (AMC) is congenital joint contracture in two or more areas of the body. It derives its name from Greek, actually meaning 'curving of joints' (arthron, 'joint'; grȳpōsis, late Latin form of late Greek grūpōsis, 'hooking').

Children born with one or more joint contractures have abnormal fibrosis of the muscle tissue causing muscle shortening, and therefore are unable to perform active extension and flexion in the affected joint or joints.

AMC has been divided into three groups: amyoplasia, distal arthrogryposis, and syndromic (is a syndrome or part of a syndrome). Amyoplasia is characterized by severe joint contractures and muscle weakness. Distal arthrogryposis mainly involves the hands and feet. Types of arthrogryposis with a primary neurological or muscle disease belong to the syndromic group.

Rocker bottom foot
Unlike the flexible flat foot that is commonly encountered in young children, congenital vertical talus is characterized by presence of a very rigid foot deformity. The foot deformity in congenital vertical talus consists of various components, namely a prominent calcaneus caused by the ankle equines or plantar flexion, a convex and rounded sole of the foot caused by prominence of the head of the talus, and a dorsiflexion and abduction of the forefoot and midfoot on the hindfoot. It gets its name from the foot's resemblance to the bottom of a rocking chair. There are two subcategories of congenital vertical talus; namely idiopathic or isolated type, and non-idiopathic type, which may be seen in association with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital, genetic syndromes and other neuromuscular disorders.

It can be associated with Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18), Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), Trisomy 9 and mutation in the gene HOXD10.
Shark attack prevention
There are a range of shark attack prevention techniques employed to reduce the risk of shark attack and keep people safe. They include removing sharks by various fishing methods, separating people and sharks, as well as observation, education and various technology-based solutions.

Techniques that involve culling sharks are contentious.  Environmental groups have voiced concern over the impact of reduced shark numbers on ocean ecosystems and the problem of by-catch of other marine life, particularly endangered species. Because sharks are important to the ecosystem, removing them harms the ecosystem.

Drum line (shark control)
A drum line is an unmanned aquatic trap used to lure and capture large sharks using baited hooks. They are typically deployed near popular swimming beaches with the intention of reducing the number of sharks in the vicinity and therefore the probability of shark attack. Drum lines are often used in association with shark nets, which results in shark mortality. However SMART drum lines can be used to move sharks, which greatly reduces shark and bycatch mortality. The use of drum lines has been successful in reducing shark attacks in the areas where they are installed. The topic of shark culling became an international controversy and sparked public demonstrations and vocal opposition, particularly from environmentalists, animal welfare advocates and ocean activists.