hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Film-Makers' Cooperative
The Film-Makers' Cooperative (a.k.a. The New American Cinema Group, Inc.) is an artist-run, non-profit organization founded in 1961 in New York City by Jonas Mekas, Andy Warhol, Shirley Clarke, Stan Brakhage, Jack Smith, Lionel Rogosin, Gregory Markopoulos, Lloyd Michael Williams, and other filmmakers, for the distribution, education, and exhibition of avant-garde films and alternative media.

Lionel Rogosin
Lionel Rogosin (January 22, 1924, New York City, New York – December 8, 2000, Los Angeles, California) was an independent American filmmaker. He worked in political cinema, non-fiction partisan filmmaking and docufiction, influenced by Italian neorealism and Robert Flaherty.
James Gregory (mathematician)
James Gregory (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions.

In his book Geometriae Pars Universalis (1668) Gregory gave both the first published statement and proof of the fundamental theorem of the calculus (stated from a geometric point of view, and only for a special class of the curves considered by later versions of the theorem), for which he was acknowledged by Isaac Barrow.

Gregorian telescope
The Gregorian telescope is a type of reflecting telescope designed by Scottish mathematician and astronomer James Gregory in the 17th century, and first built in 1673 by Robert Hooke. James Gregory was a contemporary of Isaac Newton, and both often worked simultaneously on similar projects. Gregory's design was published in 1663 and pre-dates the first practical reflecting telescope, the Newtonian telescope, built by Sir Isaac Newton in 1668. However, Gregory's design was only a theoretical description, and he never actually constructed the telescope. It was not successfully built until five years after Newton's first reflecting telescope.
Bharat Scouts and Guides
The Bharat Scouts and Guides (BSG) is the national Scouting and Guiding association of India. The national headquarters of BSG is recognised by the Government of India.

Scouting was founded in India in 1909 as an overseas branch of the Scout Association and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1938. Guiding in India started in 1911 and was amongst the founder members of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 1928, also covering present-day Bangladesh and Pakistan at that time. The BSG serves 3,835,094 Scouts (as of 2021) and 1,286,161 Guides (as of 2005).

J. S. Wilson
Colonel John Skinner "Belge" Wilson (1888–1969) was a Scottish scouting luminary and friend and contemporary of General Baden-Powell, recruited by him to head the World Organization of the Scout Movement's bureau. Wilson was its acting director from 1938 to 1939, following the death of Hubert S. Martin.  He was elected in 1939 and remained in office until 1951. He then became Honorary President of WOSM for four years.
Greek resistance
The Greek resistance (Greek: Εθνική Αντίσταση, romanized: Ethnikí Antístasi "National Resistance") involved armed and unarmed groups from across the political spectrum that resisted the Axis occupation of Greece in the period 1941–1944, during World War II. The largest group was the Communist-dominated EAM-ELAS. The Greek Resistance is considered one of the strongest resistance movements in Nazi-occupied Europe, with partisans, men and women known as andartes and andartisses (Greek: αντάρτες, αντάρτισσες, romanized: antártes, antártises, meaning "male and female guerrillas"), controlling much of the countryside prior to the German withdrawal from Greece in late 1944.

Operation Albumen
Operation Albumen was the name of British Commando raids in June 1942 on German airfields in the Axis-occupied Greek island of Crete, to prevent them from being used in support of the Axis forces in the Western Desert Campaign in the Second World War. The operations were carried out with similar raids against Axis airfields at Benghazi, Derna and Barce in Libya and were among the first planned sabotage acts in occupied Europe.
Merzouga
Merzouga (Berber languages: ⵎⵔⵣⵓⴳⴰ, Arabic: مرزوقة) is a village in southeastern Morocco. The village is near the Erg Chebbi dunes, among the tallest in the Sahara. It  is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) southeast of Rissani, about 55 kilometres (34 mi) from Erfoud and about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the Algerian border. Some of the other villages near the dunes are Hassilabied (4 km or 2+1⁄2 mi away), Tanamoust (3 km or 2 mi away), Takoujt (1.5 km or 1 mi away), Khamlia (7 km or 4+1⁄2 mi away), and Tisserdmine (15 km or 9 mi away). Rissani is the closest city of significant size, at a distance of 42 kilometres (26 mi).

Hassilabied
Hassilabied is a village in the Sahara Desert in Morocco, 5 km north of Merzouga. Most people are here to take a camel safari into the dunes of Erg Chebbi, and to get a taste of remote (tourism-influenced) Berber life.

Winter months (November to February) are cool, with daily high temperatures only slightly over 10 °C, and cold nights. Spring until April is pleasant, with temperatures from 25 °C up to 30 °C in the afternoons, and with cool nights. Summer months are hot. In winter and spring there is occasional short rain or drizzle (a couple of days per month, on average), but heavy rain is unusual.

31°08′04″N 4°01′34″W﻿ / ﻿31.1344°N 4.0261°W﻿ / 31.1344; -4.0261
R420 road (Ireland)
The R420 road is a regional road in Ireland, which runs northwest-southeast from the R446 near Moate in County Westmeath to the R445 just west of Monasterevin. The road travels through the towns of Clara, Tullamore & Portarlington. The route is 35 km (22 mi) long.

Clara, County Offaly
Clara (Irish: Clóirtheach; sometimes translated locally as Clárach) is a town on the River Brosna in County Offaly, Ireland. It is the 10th largest town in the midlands of Ireland. The town had a population of 3,403 as of the 2022 census.

Clara's local services include churches, schools, a branch of the Laois & Offaly Education and Training Board, a library, doctor's surgery, medical centre, pharmacies, health centre, family resource centre, shops, post office, credit union, hair and beauty salons, barbers, garages, pubs, eateries, a playground, public swimming pool, pitch and putt club, GAA club, and Clara Bog Visitor Centre. There is a Garda (police) station and fire station in the town, while the Midlands Regional Hospital is located approximately eleven kilometres away in Tullamore.
Ghouta chemical attack
The Ghouta chemical attack was a chemical attack carried out by the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, in the early hours of 21 August 2013 in Ghouta, Syria during the Syrian civil war. It was the deadliest use of chemical weapons in Syrian conflict and since the Iran–Iraq War. Two opposition-controlled areas in the suburbs around Damascus were struck by rockets containing the chemical agent sarin. Estimates of the death toll range from 281 to 1,729 people. The attack led to an international agreement to eliminate Syria's chemical weapons, but this was not completed and further chemical attacks occurred, including Khan Shaykhun in 2017 and  Douma in 2018.

Ghuta
33°30′00″N 36°25′15″E﻿ / ﻿33.50000°N 36.42083°E﻿ / 33.50000; 36.42083
Ghouta (Arabic: غُوطَةُ دِمَشْقَ / ALA-LC: Ḡūṭat Dimašq) is a countryside area in southwestern Syria that surrounds the city of Damascus along its eastern and southern rim.
Táchira
Táchira State (Spanish: Estado Táchira, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈtatʃiɾa]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal.

Táchira State covers a total surface area of 11,100 square kilometres (4,300 sq mi) and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,168,908. At the end of the 19th century, Táchira State was where oil was discovered in Venezuela. Currently, its main economic revenues come from the production of coffee and pineapple. The cattle and agricultural activities play an important role in Táchira's economy. There is also a strong industrial sector which focuses on the processing of potato, sugar, milk, and cheese and the production of textiles.

Táchira State is one of the three Venezuelan Andean states (the other two are Mérida and Trujillo). This state borders Zulia State to the north, Barinas and Mérida States to the east, Apure and Barinas States to the south, and Colombia (Norte de Santander Department) to the west.

San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Cristóbal (Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal]) is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela. The city is situated 818 metres (2,684 ft) above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River, 56 kilometres (35 mi) from the Colombian border. San Cristóbal was founded on 31 March 1561, by Juan de Maldonado. From its inception, the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country and the region, due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia.

The city was severely damaged by the Earthquake of Cúcuta (also known as Earthquake of the Andes) in 1875.
Winifred W. Logan
Winifred W. Logan (11 April 1926 – 2 April 2025) was a British nurse theorist who was co-author of the Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing, and became an executive director of the International Council of Nurses, and Chief Nurse in Abu Dhabi.

Alison J. Tierney
Alison Joan Tierney CBE FRCN (born 4 May 1948) is a British nurse researcher and educator and a former editor-in-chief of the Journal of Advanced Nursing. Tierney was one of the first  graduates (1971) of the Integrated Degree/Nursing programme at The University of Edinburgh. In 2018 she was named as one of 70 of the most influential nurses in the 70 years of the NHS (National Health Service).
Kamogawa, Chiba
Kamogawa (鴨川市, Kamogawa-shi) is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of  31,722 in 14,558 households and a population density of 170 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 191.14 square kilometers (73.80 sq mi).

The name of the city consists of two kanji characters: the first, kamo (鴨), meaning "duck", and the second, kawa (川), meaning "river".

Tanjō-ji
Tanjō-ji (誕生寺) is a Buddhist temple of the Nichiren Shū located in the city of Kamogawa in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Along with Kuon-ji in Yamanashi Prefecture, Ikegami Honmon-ji in the south of Tokyo, and Seichō-ji also in Kamogawa City, Tanjōji is one of the "Four Sacred Places of Nichiren Shū."
Under Western Stars
Under Western Stars is a 1938 American Western film directed by Joseph Kane and starring Roy Rogers, Smiley Burnette, Carol Hughes, and the Maple City Four. Written by Dorrell McGowan, Stuart E. McGowan, and Betty Burbridge, the film is about a populist singing cowboy who decides to run for Congress in order to seek federal assistance to help small ranchers regain their water rights during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. His campaign comes into conflict with greedy water company executives.

The film was the first starring role for Rogers, made under contract to Republic Pictures during a walkout by the studio's singing cowboy Gene Autry. The picture was filmed on location in the Alabama Hills of Lone Pine, California.

Carol Hughes (actress)
Carol Hughes (born Catherine Mabel Hukill, January 17, 1910 – August 8, 1995) was an American actress. She is best remembered for her leading roles opposite Gene Autry and Roy Rogers, and for her role as Dale Arden in Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1940).
Riders of the Range (1923 film)
Riders of the Range is a 1923 American silent Western film presented by Clifford S. Efelt, directed by Otis B. Thayer, and starring Edmund Cobb, Dolly Dale, Helen Hayes and Frank Gallagher. The film was shot in  Colorado by Thayer's Art-O-Graf film company. It was a Roy M. Langdon Production. The film was released on VHS by Grapevine Video.

Otis B. Thayer
Otis Bryant Thayer (1862 – August 16, 1935) was an American actor, director, producer and owner of silent era film production companies. Before his film career he was a stage actor and operatic comedian. By 1910, he piloted the Chicago based Selig Polyscope Company filming westerns on locations at Canon City. He founded the Art-O-Graf film company of Denver in 1919. And by 1920, he was the president of the "Superior Foto Play Company."
Rumble Tumble
Rumble Tumble is a 1998 suspense crime novel written by American author Joe R. Lansdale. It is the fifth in the series of his  Hap and Leonard mysteries. According to WorldCat, it is held in 573 libraries.

Hap and Leonard
Hap and Leonard are two fictional amateur investigators and adventurers created by American author Joe R. Lansdale. They are the main characters in a series of twelve novels, four novellas, and three collections of stories and excerpts. They are two very different men and the best of friends, and now work together as private investigators for Hap's girlfriend Brett Sawyer. Together they always wind up in a lot of trouble with various criminal types in the fictional town of LaBorde, in East Texas and often find themselves attempting to solve various unpleasant and brutal crimes. Both men are well versed in the martial arts. The novels were adapted into a 2016–2018 TV series, produced by SundanceTV. The duo were partially inspired by The Hardman series by the late Ralph Dennis.
Ithaca (film)
Ithaca is a 2015 American drama film directed by Meg Ryan and written by Erik Jendresen. It is based on the 1943 novel The Human Comedy by William Saroyan. The film stars Alex Neustaedter, Jack Quaid, Meg Ryan, Sam Shepard, Hamish Linklater and Tom Hanks. The film was released on September 9, 2016, by Momentum Pictures.

The Human Comedy (novel)
The Human Comedy is a 1943 novel by William Saroyan. It originated as a 240-page film script written for MGM. Saroyan was planning to produce and direct the film, but he was dropped from the project either because the script was too long or because a short film he directed as a test was not considered acceptable – or both. He walked off the lot, went home, and swiftly created a novelization, which was published just before the film came out. It was the March 1943 Book-of-the-Month Club selection, and became a best-seller a week after its release. Saroyan won the Academy Award for Best Story for the film, The Human Comedy.
Snowbird (character)
Snowbird (Narya) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by John Byrne, the character first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #120 (April 1979). Snowbird is an Inuk demigoddess, being the daughter of a human and Nelvanna, the Inuk goddess of the Northern Skies. She has been depicted as a member of the Canadian superhero team Alpha Flight.

Sasquatch (comics)
Sasquatch (Walter Langkowski) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #120 (April 1979) and was created by John Byrne and Chris Claremont.

Langkowski is a scientist turned into a Sasquatch-like being through a controlled gamma-radiation experiment which linked him to the god Tanaraq. He is a long-term and founding member of Alpha Flight.
Cambodian Para-Commando Battalion
The Cambodian Para-Commando Battalion (French: Bataillon de Commandos Parachutistes – BCP) was one of the main elite military units of the Cambodian Army (French: Armée Nationale Khmère – ANK), part of the Khmer National Armed Forces (French: Forces Armées Nationales Khmères – FANK), which fought in the final phase of the Cambodian Civil War of 1970-75.

Khmer Special Forces
The Khmer Special Forces, also designated 'Khmer SF' for short or Forces Speciales Khmères (FSK) in French, were the special forces of the Khmer National Army (ANK), the land component of the Khmer National Armed Forces (commonly known by their French acronym, FANK) during the 1970-75 Cambodian Civil War.
Belgian Warmblood
The Belgian Warmblood or Belgisch Warmbloedpaard is a Belgian breed of warmblood sport horse. It is bred principally for show-jumping, but is also suitable for dressage and for three-day eventing.: 164  It is one of three Belgian warmblood breeds or stud-books, the others being the Zangersheide and the Belgian Sport Horse – to which last it is quite similar.: 12

Warmblood
Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport.
Iran–Turkmenistan border
The Iran–Turkmenistan border is the national border separating the countries of Iran and Turkmenistan. It is 1,148 km (713 miles) in length and runs from the Caspian Sea to the tripoint with Afghanistan. The Turkmen capital Ashgabat is only 15 miles north of this boundary, and Mashhad (Iran's second largest city) is 47 miles south of it.

Ashgabat
Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies between the Karakum Desert and the Köpetdag mountain range in Central Asia, approximately 50 km (30 mi) away from the Iran-Turkmenistan border. The city has a population of 1,030,063 (2022 census).

The city was founded in 1881 on the basis of an Ahal Teke tribal village, and made the capital of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924 when it was known as Poltoratsk. Much of the city was destroyed by the 1948 Ashgabat earthquake, but has since been extensively rebuilt under the rule of Saparmyrat Nyýazow's "White City" urban renewal project, resulting in monumental projects sheathed in costly white marble. The Soviet-era Karakum Canal runs through the city, carrying waters from the Amu Darya from east to west.

Today, as the capital of an independent Turkmenistan, Ashgabat retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Turkmen as the majority. In 2021, it celebrated 140 years of its written history.
Seret (Dogu'a Tembien)
Seret is a tabia or municipality in the Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Inda Maryam Qorar village, located approximately 11 km to the southwest of the woreda town Hagere Selam.

Mizan (Dogu'a Tembien)
Mizan is a tabia or municipality in the Tanqua Millash district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. This tabia includes the rock church of Debre Sema'it, as well as Arefa, reputedly birthplace of the Queen of Sheba. The tabia centre is in Kerene village. Until 2020, Mizan belonged to the Dogu'a Tembien district.
Body (Russ Millions and Tion Wayne song)
"Body" is a song by British rappers Russ Millions and Tion Wayne, released on 25 March 2021 through Grind don’t stop Records and Atlantic Records. The song was produced by Gotcha, and promoted with a TikTok dance challenge, as well as a remix released in April 2021 featuring Bugzy Malone, Fivio Foreign, Darkoo, Buni, ArrDee, E1 (3x3) and ZT (3x3).

The song peaked at the top of the UK Singles Chart, becoming the first UK drill song to top the chart. Outside the United Kingdom, "Body" topped the charts in Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. The song also reached the top 20 in Canada, Finland, Iceland, Lithuania, Portugal, Singapore and Slovakia. It was later nominated for the Best Contemporary Song Ivor Novello Award in May 2022.

ArrDee
Riley Jason Davies (born 17 September 2002), known professionally as ArrDee, is a British rapper. His debut mixtape, Pier Pressure, was released on 18 March 2022, peaking at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. ArrDee has received multiple gold and platinum plaques from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and Recorded Music NZ (RMNZ).
Rathwali dialect
Rathwali(rāṭhavālī) or Rathi is spoken in the north of Salani throughout the centre of the District of Garhwal, over the greater parts of the Chandpur and Dewalgarh Parganas today's Thailisain block and sorrounding areas  in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand state. Currently it has been classified as a dialect under Garhwali, belonging to the Central Pahari group(as per Grierson). It is the language of the Khasiyas .It is also known as Rathi(rāṭhī). It comes under the Indo Aryan family.

Salani dialect
Salani is a Garhwali dialect spoken in the Pauri Garhwal District of Uttarakhand, northern India. It is the most spoken dialect of Garhwali  G.A. Grierson has described it as "practically the same as Srinagaria dialect". It is Mostly spoken in Talla, Malla, and Ganga Salan .The dialect is also spoken in the Parganas immediately to the north of the three Salans, and in the western portion of Pargana Pali of Almora.
All That Remains (album)
All That Remains is the third studio album by the American heavy metal band Fozzy. Unlike the band's two previous albums, All That Remains features all original songs as the band had dropped their spoof in favor of becoming a more recognized band rather than a gimmick, with the members using their actual names instead of stage names. It features Alter Bridge members Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, Black Label Society's Zakk Wylde, rapper Bone Crusher, and  Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman.

A remastered version of All That Remains, entitled All That Remains: Reloaded, was released on March 25, 2008. It is a two-disc set that features the album and a DVD called Live in the UK.

Bone Crusher (rapper)
Wayne Hardnett Jr. (born August 23, 1971), known professionally as Bone Crusher, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He was discovered by record producer Jermaine Dupri, and is best known for his 2003 crunk single, "Never Scared" (featuring Killer Mike and T.I.). The song peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 — becoming his only entry on the chart — and preceded his debut studio album AttenCHUN! (2003). Additionally, the song served as theme music for that year's Atlanta Braves roster, and was featured in the Madden NFL 2004 video game, while the album peaked at number 11 on the Billboard 200.

Bone Crusher was featured on the cover of PlayStation Magazine in 2004, and was also a featured character on Def Jam: Fight for NY, by EA Games. He was featured on the third episode of the Sacha Baron Cohen satirical program Who Is America?.
West of Suez
West of Suez (U.S. title The Fighting Wildcats) is a 1957 British drama film directed by Arthur Crabtree and starring Keefe Brasselle, Kay Callard and Karel Stepanek. The screenplay was by Norman Hudis from a story by Hudis and Charles F. Vetter (as Lance Hargreaves).

Arthur Crabtree
Arthur Crabtree (29 October 1900 in Shipley, Yorkshire, England – 15 March 1975 in Worthing, Sussex, England) was a British cinematographer and film director. He directed films with comedians such as Will Hay, the Crazy Gang and Arthur Askey and several of the Gainsborough melodramas.

He married Marguerite Vanière, whom he met as one of the dancers in the chorus line of Evergreen (1934), and with whom he had three children, Richard (b. 1938), Robert (b. 1948) and Loretta (b. 1953). Their parents told them that they could take up any career but the theatre, because of the uncertainty of that profession. Robert taught for more than 40 years at Yale where he developed what came to be known as Crabtree's catalyst.