hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Jerome Kagan
Jerome Kagan (February 25, 1929 – May 10, 2021) was an American psychologist, who was the Daniel and Amy Starch Research Professor of Psychology at Harvard University, as well as, co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He was one of the key pioneers of developmental psychology.

Kagan has shown that an infant's "temperament" is quite stable over time, in that certain behaviors in infancy are predictive of certain other behavior patterns in adolescence. He did extensive work on temperament and gave insight on emotion.

In 2001, he was listed in the Review of General Psychology among the one hundred most eminent psychologists of the twentieth century. After being evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, Kagan was twenty-second on the list, just above Carl Jung.

Temperament
In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.

Some researchers point to association of temperament with formal dynamical features of behavior, such as energetic aspects, plasticity, sensitivity to specific reinforcers and emotionality. Temperament traits (such as neuroticism, sociability, impulsivity, etc.) are distinct patterns in behavior throughout a lifetime, but they are most noticeable and most studied in children. Babies are typically described by temperament, but longitudinal research in the 1920s began to establish temperament as something which is stable across the lifespan.
Dramatic Workshop
Dramatic Workshop was the name of a drama and acting school associated with the New School for Social Research in New York City.  The German expatriate stage director Erwin Piscator began a long association with the school in 1940. Among the faculty were Lee Strasberg and Stella Adler, among the students Robert De Niro, Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Beatrice Arthur, Walter Matthau, Tennessee Williams and Elaine Stritch. The Dramatic Workshop considerably contributed to the resurgence of the Off-Broadway theatre.

Erwin Piscator
Erwin Friedrich Maximilian Piscator (17 December 1893 – 30 March 1966) was a German theatre director and producer. Along with Bertolt Brecht, he was the foremost exponent of epic theatre, a form that emphasizes the socio-political content of drama, rather than its emotional manipulation of the audience or the production's formal beauty.
Bava Pyara Caves
Bava Pyara caves (also known as Baba Pyara caves) are an example of ancient man-made caverns. The caves are a part of the Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups situated in the eastern part of Junagadh of the Indian state of Gujarat. Bava Pyara caves contains artworks of both Buddhism and Jainism.

Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups
Junagadh Cave Groups are located in Junagadh district of the Indian state of Gujarat. These caves group includes Uparkot Caves, Khapra Kodiya Caves and Baba Pyare Caves. Three separate sites of rooms carved out of stone to be used as monks' quarters. These caves were carved starting from Emperor Ashoka's period up to 1st–4th century AD.
Tejgaon Thana
Tejgaon (Bengali: তেজগাঁও) is a thana of Dhaka District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is in the centre of Dhaka, the capital. In 2006, the boundaries of the thana were redrawn when Tejgaon Industrial Area Thana was created out of the former larger area and again in 2009, when Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Thana was created.

This is an important area of Dhaka city as the prime minister's office is here. It is bounded by Mohakhali to the north, Old Airport Road to the east, Moghbazar-Malibagh to the south and Dhanmondi to the west. It consists of several localities, including Tejgaon Industrial Area, Kawran Bazar, Nakhalpara, Shaheen Bag, Arjat para, East Raja Bazar, West Raja Bazar, Tejturi Bazar, Monipuripara and Tejkunipara.

Kawran Bazar
Karwan Bazar (Bengali: কারওয়ান বাজার), misspelled as Kawran Bazar, is a central business district and one of the biggest commodity marketplaces in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. Located in Tejgaon Thana, it is a designated commercial area of the Dhaka North City Corporation. The biggest local Bangladeshi fruit wholesale market is located here. Karwan Bazar is next to Panthapath, a road that has several well-known establishments.
The Palace of Darkened Windows
The Palace of Darkened Windows is a 1920 American silent comedy-drama film directed by Henry Kolker and starring Claire Anderson, Arthur Edmund Carewe and Jay Belasco. It is based on the 1914 novel of the same title by Mary Hastings Bradley.

Claire Anderson (actress)
Claire Mathis Anderson (May 8, 1891 – March 23, 1964) was an American silent film actress who worked with Constance Talmadge, Harry Carey, Thurston Hall, Tom Mix and Gloria Swanson. She was described as one of the original Sennett Bathing Beauties.
Miami Herald
The Miami Herald is an American daily newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company and headquartered in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Founded in 1903, The Miami Herald serves the Miami-Dade, Broward, and Monroe counties in South Florida.

The newspaper once circulated throughout Florida, Latin America, and the Caribbean, but is primarily focused on South Florida. The Miami Herald has been awarded 24 Pulitzer Prizes. It reaches more than 1.5 million people each week, and millions of readers per month.

Knight Ridder
Knight Ridder /ˈrɪdər/ was an American media company, specializing in newspaper and Internet publishing. It was bought by McClatchy on June 27, 2006, allowing the latter to become the second largest newspaper publisher in the United States at the time, with 32 daily newspaper brands sold. Its headquarters were located in San Jose, California.
Celia de Molina
Celia de Molina Díaz (born 31 March 1983 in Linares, Jaén) is a Spanish actress and screenwriter known for starring in the film Cómo sobrevivir a una despedida and for being the creator and host of the web series El antivlog.

Natalia de Molina
Natalia de Molina Díaz (born 19 December 1990) is a Spanish actress from Andalusia. Since her film debut in the 2013 comedy-drama Living Is Easy with Eyes Closed, she has featured in films such as Food and Shelter (for which she won the Goya Award for Best Actress), Quién te cantará, Bye, Schoolgirls and Undercover Wedding Crashers.
CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School
CHIJ St. Nicholas Girls' School (SNGS) is a government-aided autonomous Catholic girls' school in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore. The school is one of 11 Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus (CHIJ) schools in Singapore and one of the designated Special Assistance Plan (SAP) schools. It offers a six-year primary education in its primary school section and a four-year secondary education in its secondary school section. Since 2013, it has partnered with Eunoia Junior College for a six-year Integrated Programme, which allows its secondary school students to skip the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level examinations and proceed to Eunoia for Years 5 and 6 and take the Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level examinations at the end of Year 6.

Integrated Programme
The Integrated Programme (IP) is a scheme that allows high-performing students in secondary schools in Singapore to skip the GCE Ordinary Level (O-Level) examination (typically taken by students at the end of their fourth or fifth year in secondary school) and proceed to sit for the GCE Advanced Level (A-Level) examination, International Baccalaureate (IB), or an equivalent examination, after six years of secondary education. The A-level examination is typically taken by students at the end of their second or third year in junior college.
Dolichol kinase
In enzymology, a dolichol kinase (EC 2.7.1.108) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

CTP + dolichol  CDP + dolichyl phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CTP and dolichol, whereas its two products are CDP and dolichyl phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific, those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor.  The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP:dolichol O-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called dolichol phosphokinase.  This enzyme participates in N-glycan biosynthesis.

In humans dolichol kinase is encoded by the DOLK gene.

Dolichol
Dolichol refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds that are made up of varying numbers of isoprene units terminating in an α-saturated isoprenoid group, containing an alcohol functional group.
Transcom Group
Transcom Limited is a Bangladeshi business conglomerate. The businesses under this group include beverages, pharmaceuticals, newspapers, electronics, restaurants, distribution, etc. Transcom is the local agent or comprador of international brands. This group employs more than 20,000 people. Transcom Group is one of the oldest and biggest companies in Bangladesh. The family business operations initially started in 1878 with tea plantations. Munshi Rahim Baksh, was the first Muslim individual to own and operate tea plantations in the subcontinent. He then brought his nephew Khan Bahadur Waliur Rahman into the business who had expanded the operations. His son Khan Bahadur Mujibur Rahman, further grew the tea businesses and also engaged himself in the jute and trading. His sons Latifur Rahman and Saifur Rahman founded the present day Transcom Group of Companies in 1981 along with Shahnaz Rahman and AS Mahmud.

Prothom Alo
Prothom Alo (Bengali: প্রথম আলো) is a Bengali-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka. It is one of the most widely circulated newspapers in Bangladesh. According to the National Media Survey of 2018, conducted by Kantar MRB Bangladesh, Prothom Alo has a daily readership of more than 6.6 million online. According to Alexa Internet, an American web traffic analysis company, the online portal of Prothom Alo is the most visited Bengali website in the world. The paper failed to print the 19 December 2025 issue for the first time during its 27 years of operation due to an attack on its office and bureaus.
Desmond Ford
Desmond Ford (2 February 1929 – 11 March 2019) was an Australian theologian who studied evangelicalism.

Within the Seventh-day Adventist Church he was a controversial figure. He was dismissed from ministry in the Adventist church in 1980, following his critique of the church's investigative judgment teaching. He had since worked through the non-denominational evangelical ministry Good News Unlimited.
Ford disagreed with some aspects of traditional Adventist end-time beliefs. However, he still defended a conservative view of scripture, the Seventh-day Sabbath, and a vegetarian lifestyle. He viewed the writings of Ellen G. White as useful devotionally, but not at the level of authority held by the Church.

Ford shared the sermon time at the Good News Unlimited congregation, which meets on Saturdays in the Brisbane suburb of Milton, and in periodic seminars on the eastern seaboard of Australia.

Edward Heppenstall
Edward E. Heppenstall (8 May 1901 in England – 1994) was a leading Bible scholar and theologian of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. A 1985 questionnaire of North American Adventist lecturers revealed Heppenstall was the Adventist writer who had most influenced them.
Shenkani
40°38′34″N 44°16′24″E﻿ / ﻿40.64278°N 44.27333°E﻿ / 40.64278; 44.27333

Shenkani (Armenian: Շենկանի) is a village in the Alagyaz Municipality of the Aragatsotn Province of Armenia. The town is mostly populated by Yazidis.

Aragatsotn Province
Aragatsotn (Armenian: Արագածոտն, Armenian pronunciation: [ɑɾɑɡɑˈt͡sɔtən] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the western part of the country. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Ashtarak. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 128,941 in the 2022 census.
The Purple Cipher
The Purple Cipher is a 1920 American silent mystery film directed by Chester Bennett and starring Earle Williams, Vola Vale and Ernest Shields. Shot by Vitagraph at the company's Brooklyn studios, it was based on the short story The Purple Hieroglyph by Murray Leinster. The story was adapted twice more in the sound era as Murder Will Out (1930) and Torchy Blane in Chinatown  (1939).

Ernest Shields
Ernest Shields (August 5, 1884 – December 13, 1944) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in more than 110 films between 1914 and 1944. He was born in Chicago, Illinois and died in Los Angeles, California.
Francisco Dosamantes
Francisco Dosamantes (October 4, 1911 — July 18, 1986) was a Mexican artist and educator who is best known for is educational illustrations and graphic work against fascism. He was a founding member of the Taller de Gráfica Popular and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

Salón de la Plástica Mexicana
Salón de la Plástica Mexicana (SPM; Hall of Mexican Fine Art) is an institution dedicated to the promotion of Mexican contemporary art. It was established in 1949 to expand the Mexican art market. Its first location was in historic center of the city but today it mostly operates out of a building in Colonia Roma. The institution is run by a membership of almost four hundred recognized artists and holds multiple exhibitions each year. Although it operates autonomously, it is part of the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura.
Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Virginia's poll tax was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, eleven southern states established poll taxes as part of their disenfranchisement of most blacks and many poor whites. The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1964) prohibited poll taxes in federal elections; five states (Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia) continued to require poll taxes for voters in state elections. By this ruling, the Supreme Court banned the use of poll taxes in state elections.

Breedlove v. Suttles
Breedlove v. Suttles, 302 U.S. 277 (1937), is an overturned United States Supreme Court decision which upheld the constitutionality of requiring the payment of a poll tax in order to vote in state elections.
Shock and Awe (album)
Shock and Awe is a live recording posthumously released by stand-up comedian and satirist Bill Hicks in 2003 on New York-based Invasion Records. It was recorded at the Oxford Playhouse, and is an abridged version of the album Salvation.

Salvation (Bill Hicks album)
Salvation is a two-disc live album by stand-up comedian and satirist Bill Hicks posthumously released in 2005 on Rykodisc. It was recorded at the Oxford Playhouse and is an unabridged version of Shock and Awe.
Kiosko (Hendrix)
Kiosko (lit. transl. "pavilion" or "gazebo"), alternatively known as Refugio (lit. transl. "shelter"), is a 2009 outdoor contemporary art sculpture by Dutch artist Jan Hendrix, installed in the Zócalo (main square) of the city of Puebla, in the Mexican state of the same name. It was requested by the Fundación Amparo to honour philanthropist Ángeles Espinosa Yglesias. The sculpture consists of two aluminium cylinders painted white and cut to resemble tree foliage. Critics have highlighted the integration of the sculpture's design with its surroundings.

Jan Hendrix
Jan Hendrix (Maasbree, Netherlands, 28 July 1949) is a Dutch-born artist who has lived and worked in Mexico since 1978. Hendrix received the Order of the Aztec Eagle from the Mexican government for his work in art and architecture.
The Heart of Maryland (1915 film)
The Heart of Maryland is a lost 1915 silent film drama directed by Herbert Brenon based on David Belasco's play The Heart of Maryland. Mrs. Leslie Carter, who starred in the original play on Broadway in 1895, appeared in the film as the title character.

Mrs. Leslie Carter
Caroline Louise Dudley (June 10, 1857 – November 13, 1937), known professionally as Mrs. Leslie Carter, was an American silent film and stage actress who found fame on Broadway through collaborations with impresario David Belasco. She was a beautiful and vivacious performer with strikingly red hair, known as "The American Sarah Bernhardt". She acted under her married name, Mrs. Leslie Carter, which she continued to use even after her divorce.
Sorry Bhai!
Sorry Bhai is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Onir, starring Sanjay Suri, Sharman Joshi,Chitrangada Singh, Shabana Azmi and Boman Irani. The film was released on 28 November 2008.

Chitrangada Singh
Chitrangda Singh (born 30 August 1975) is an Indian actress who works primarily in Hindi films. She made her acting debut with the crime drama Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi (2005), which earned her the Bollywood Movie Award for Best Female Debut.

Singh is known for her appearance in the crime thriller Yeh Saali Zindagi (2011), the romantic comedies Desi Boyz (2011) and I, Me Aur Main (2013), the financial thriller Baazaar (2018), the crime thriller Bob Biswas (2021) and the mystery thriller Gaslight (2023).She turned producer with the sports drama Soorma (2018). Singh has since appeared in the series Modern Love Mumbai (2022) and Khakee: The Bengal Chapter (2025). From 2001 to 2014, Singh was married to golfer Jyoti Randhawa with whom she has a son.
Amy Tuck
Amy Tuck (born July 8, 1963) is an American attorney and politician who served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 2000 to 2008. A member of the Republican Party, she was previously a member of the Mississippi State Senate. She is the second woman to be elected to statewide office in Mississippi, and the first to have been reelected. Tuck later served as the Vice President of Campus Services at Mississippi State University from 2008 to 2019.

Mississippi State Senate
The Mississippi State Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson. The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as President of the Senate.

The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 34 seats while the Democratic Party holds 18 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.

The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.
Tranquebar Treaty of 1620
The Tranquebar Treaty of 1620 (Danish: Trankebar traktaten af 1620) formally the Treaty between Raghunatha Nayak and Christian IV, was a treaty of friendship between the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom and Denmark–Norway in 1620. The treaty would establish Danish Tranquebar: a base that would be the headquarters of Danish India for the next 200 years.

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
The Thanjavur Nayak Dynasty, also known as the Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom, were the rulers of Thanjavur in the 15th and 17th centuries founded by Sevappa Nayaka. The Nayaks, who were Telugu Balijas, were originally appointed as provincial governors by the Vijayanagara Emperor in the 15th century, who divided the territory into Nayak kingdoms which were Madurai, Thanjavur and Gingee. In the mid-15th century they became an independent kingdom, although they continued their alliance with the Vijayanagara Empire. The Thanjavur Nayaks were notable for their patronage of literature and the arts.
Eastern Color Printing
The Eastern Color Printing Company was a company that published comic books, beginning in 1933.  At first, it was only newspaper comic strip reprints, but later on, original material was published.  Eastern Color Printing was incorporated in 1928, and soon became successful by printing color newspaper sections for several New England and New York papers.  Eastern is most notable for its production of Funnies on Parade and Famous Funnies, two publications that gave birth to the American comic book industry.

Eastern published its own comic books until the mid-1950s, and continued to print comic books for other publishers until 1973.  Eastern Color Printing struggled financially from the 1970s to 2002, when the business closed, a victim of changing printing technologies.

Famous Funnies
Famous Funnies is an American comic strip anthology series published from 1934 to 1955 with two precursor one-shots appearing in 1933–1934. Published by Eastern Color Printing, Famous Funnies is considered by popular culture historians as the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors.
Peter Mathieson (swimmer)
Peter Emil Thomas Mathieson (né Schwartz; 1 December 1914 – 12 October 1986) was a New Zealand swimmer who won a bronze medal representing his country at the 1950 British Empire Games.

At the 1950 British Empire Games he won the bronze medal as part of the men's 330 yards medley relay. His teammates for the relay were Lyall Barry and John Shanahan. He also competed in the men's 100 yards backstroke where he placed 4th.

Lyall Barry
Lyall Scott Barry (15 May 1926 – 3 October 2003) was a New Zealand school teacher and inspector, and wrote a history of the Waimumu area in Southland. As a swimmer he won two medals at the 1950 British Empire Games.
Atínale al precio
Atínale al Precio (Get the Price Right) is a Mexican game show based on The Price Is Right that has aired in two separate runs on Televisa, both hosted by Marco Antonio Regil. The format is similar to the American version of the show, featuring many pricing games that have also appeared on that version. The first run was from October 1997 to December 2000 and the second run was from October 2010 to January 2011.

Marco Antonio Regil
Marco Antonio Regil Sánchez (born December 27, 1969) is a Mexican television personality, public speaker and activist. As the host of the Spanish versions of Family Feud (100 mexicanos dijeron and 100 latinos dijeron), The Price Is Right (Atinale Al Precio), Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? (Todo el mundo cree que sabe), and Generation Gap (Recuerda y Gana), Regil is a constant fixture in Latin households.

In 2018, Telemundo announced Marco Antonio Regil as the host of the Spanish-language version of NBC's The Wall. The game show is set to premiere in 2020.
Petpanomrung Kiatmuu9
Petpanomrung Kiatmuu9 (เพชรพนมรุ้ง เกียรติหมู่เก้า, pronounced "Kiatmuukao"; born 26 May 1995) is a Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer from Thailand. Hailing from Buriram in the northeast of Thailand, Petpanomrung is from the same Muay Thai gym of multiple Lumpinee Stadium champion Singdam Kiatmuu9. He is the reigning Glory Featherweight (-65 kg)  and the former RISE Super Lightweight (-65 kg) World Champion.

As of May 2025, he is ranked as the #1 Super Featherweight (-67.5 kg) and #1 pound for pound kickboxer in the world by Beyond Kick and the #1 featherweight (-66 kg) and #2 pound for pound kickboxer by Combat Press. Combat Press has ranked him as a top featherweight since April 2017 and has briefly ranked him as the #7 pound for pound kickboxer in 2021, and is currently #2 as of May 2025.

Kevin VanNostrand
Kevin Louis VanNostrand (born April 16, 1987) is an American kickboxer and former Interim Glory Featherweight Champion. A professional kickboxer since 2015, he started martial arts at the age of 8, and became an amateur Muay Thai fighter in 2002. As of July 2021, he is the #6 ranked featherweight, according to Combat Press.