hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phonological history of English consonants
This article describes those aspects of the phonological history of English which concern consonants. The phonological history of English consonants involves major shifts from Old English to Modern English, characterized by cluster simplifications, palatalization, voicing changes, and loss of sounds. Influences from Old Norse and also from French introduced new sounds, while internal processes like assimilation and lenition streamlined the system, eventually creating the contemporary consonant inventory of English.

English phonology
English phonology is the system of sounds used in spoken English. Like many languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the dialects of English around the world have largely similar (but not identical) phonological systems. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants (stops, affricates, and fricatives).

Phonological analysis of English often concentrates on prestige or standard accents, such as Received Pronunciation for England, General American for the United States, and General Australian for Australia. Nevertheless, many other dialects of spoken English have developed, different from these standard accents, particularly regional dialects. Descriptions of standard reference accents provide only a limited guide to the phonology of other dialects of English.
Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus (consul 94)
Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus was a Roman Senator who lived during the second half of the 1st century and first half of the 2nd century. Lateranus served as a consul ordinarius in 94 as the colleague of Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas. He is known entirely from inscriptions.

In his monograph on Roman naming practices, Olli Salomies points out that the short form of his name was Titus Sextius Lateranus, showing he was a member of the gens Sextia. Based on the inscription CIL VI, 1518 his relatives included Titus Sextius Africanus, suffect consul in 59. The third element in his name, "Magia", may indicate his mother came from the Magii, a praetorian family.

Lateranus married the Roman noblewoman Volussia Torquata, one of the children of Quintus Volusius Saturninus and his wife Nonia Torquata. Their children included Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus, who served as a consul in 112.

Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus
Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus, also known as Titus Sextius Africanus, was a Roman Senator who lived in the Roman Empire in the second half of the 1st century and first half of the 2nd century. He served as an ordinary consul in 112 as the colleague of emperor Trajan.

Africanus was a member of the Roman Republican gens Sextia. He was the son of Titus Sextius Magius Lateranus, ordinary consul in 94, and his wife Volusia Torquata.
Betizu
The Betizu is a breed of small mountain cattle which live in a semi-feral state in some mountainous parts of the Basque Country in both Spain and France. It is classified as an endangered breed by both the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, the agriculture ministry of Spain, and by the Conservatoire des Races d'Aquitaine in France.

It is one of a small number of semi-feral cattle populations in Europe, with the Albera of the Pyrenees, the Monchina of Cantabria, and the Raço di Biòu of the Camargue.

Monchina
The Monchina (Basque: Behi montxina) is a Spanish breed of mountain cattle indigenous to the autonomous communities of Cantabria and the Basque Country in northern Spain. It is related to the Betizu and possibly to the Terreña breeds of cattle of the Basque Country, and is closely associated with the Villano de las Encartaciones breed of dog, which is traditionally used in managing it.: 249  It is classified by the Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, the Spanish ministry of agriculture, as a "Raza Autóctona en Peligro de Extinción" or native breed at risk of extinction.
Ilana Dayan
Ilana Dayan-Orbach (Hebrew: אילנה דיין-אורבך; born 8 May 1964) is an Israeli investigative journalist, anchorwoman, and attorney. She is best known as host of the investigative television program Uvda ("Fact") on the Israeli Channel 12. She is married to Harel Orbach; the couple has three children.

Uvda (TV program)
Uvda (Hebrew: עובדה‎, lit. 'Fact') is an Israeli investigative and current affairs television program that first aired in November 1993 and is currently airing at Israeli Channel 12. The program is renowned for in-depth investigative reports, documentaries, and high-profile interviews. Uvda is hosted by Ilana Dayan, an Israeli investigative journalist, anchorwoman, and attorney.

Since its debut in 1993, Uvda has aired 29 seasons and 756 episodes. All seasons of the program were broadcast regularly every year except for 2001–2002.

Uvda won the award for the best current affairs or investigative program at the Israeli Academy of Film and Television for years 2009, 2013, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2023. Uvda also won an award for the best documentary by Documentary Creators Forum for the years 2018, 2019 and 2022.
Jacques Baudrier
Jacques Baudrier (French pronunciation: [ʒak bodʁije]; 4 May 1872 – 24 April 1947) was a French sailor who represented France at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France, with crew Félix Marcotte, William Martin, Jules Valton and Jean Le Bret. Baudrier, as helmsman, took the second place in the first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and finished third in the second race.

Baudrier also took, as helmsman, the bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton.

He was the cousin of fellow Olympian Lucien Baudrier.

Lucien Baudrier
Lucien Alexandre Baudrier (French pronunciation: [lysjɛ̃ bodʁije]; 13 December 1861 – 21 October 1930) was a French sailor who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Baudrier also took, as crew, the Bronze medal in the first race of the 1 to 2 ton and the 4th place in the second race of the 1 to 2 ton.

He was the cousin of fellow Olympian Jacques Baudrier.
Callum Dunphy
Callum Dunphy is a Canadian actor and writer, originally from Nova Scotia. He's known for his recurring roles in the television series Sex & Violence (2015–17), Forgive Me Web Confessions (2016), and his lead roles in the drama film Splinters (2018), and in the OUTtv original series Cam Boy (2021–present).

Sex & Violence (TV series)
Sex & Violence is a television series that first aired on 17 November 2013 on OUTtv in Canada. The series stars Jennie Raymond as a lesbian police constable, Olympia Dukakis as a victim advocate, Jackie Torrens as a social worker and Kerry Fox and Preston Carmichael as therapists. The original six-part show, focused on domestic violence, became the highest rated original drama in OUTtv's history and the channel announced its renewal on 8 May 2014. The third season debuted on OUTtv on 10 September 2017.
ARD International Music Competition
The ARD International Music Competition (German: Internationaler Musikwettbewerb der ARD) is the largest international classical music competition in Germany. It is organised by the Bayerischer Rundfunk and is held once a year in Munich, usually in September. Since its inception in 1952, it has become one of the most prestigious classical music competitions. In 1957, it became one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.

A prize at this competition has acted as a springboard for a career. Notable past winners and prize winners include: Yuri Bashmet, Myung-whun Chung, Christoph Eschenbach, Sol Gabetta, Alban Gerhardt, Natalia Gutman, Heinz Holliger, Nobuko Imai, Tsuyoshi Tsutsumi, Kim Kashkashian, François Leleux, Jessye Norman, Quatuor Ébène, Thomas Quasthoff, Jean-Guihen Queyras, Antoine Tamestit, Christian Tetzlaff, Alexandre Tharaud, Tokyo String Quartet, Mitsuko Uchida and Anne Sofie von Otter.

Nobuko Imai
Nobuko Imai (今井 信子, Imai Nobuko, born March 18, 1943) is a renowned Japanese classical violist with an extensive career as soloist and chamber musician. Since 1988 she has played a 1690 Andrea Guarneri instrument.
West Contra Costa Unified School District
The West Contra Costa Unified School District (WCCUSD; formerly known as Richmond School District) is the school district for western Contra Costa County, California. It is based in Richmond, California. In addition to Richmond, the district covers the cities of El Cerrito, San Pablo, Pinole, and Hercules, and the unincorporated areas of Bayview, East Richmond Heights, El Sobrante, Kensington, Montalvin Manor, North Richmond, and Tara Hills.

El Cerrito, California
El Cerrito (Spanish for "The Little Hill") is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, and forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It has a population of 25,962 according to the 2020 census. El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It was incorporated in 1917 as a village with 1,500 residents. As of the census in 2022, there were 25,583 people and 10,637 households in the city.
9th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 9th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea was held at the April 25 House of Culture in Pyongyang on 19 to 25 February 2026. The Congress is the highest organ of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), and is stipulated to be held every five years. The conference had 5,000 delegates and 2,000 observers.

Preparations for the Congress began in June 2025, while the Congress opened in February 2026. During the Congress, WPK General Secretary Kim Jong Un delivered a report on the work of the outgoing 8th Central Committee. On the fourth day of the Congress, Kim Jong Un was re-elected as general secretary. The Congress also endorsed the amendments to the WPK Rules and the election of the 9th Central Committee. On the fifth day, the 9th Central Committee held its first enlarged plenary meeting, which elected the WPK's Politburo and its Presidium, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission, the Central Auditing Commission and Directors for Central Committee Departments.

9th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
The 9th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea was elected at the party's 9th Congress on 22 February 2026, and will sit until the convocation of the next party congress. In between party congresses and specially convened conferences the Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the WPK and North Korea. The Central Committee is not a permanent institution and delegates day-to-day work to the Presidium, the Politburo, the Secretariat, the Central Military Commission and the Central Auditing Commission. It convenes meetings, known as "Plenary Session of the [term] Central Committee", to discuss major policies. Only full members have the right to vote, but if a full member cannot attend a plenary session, the person's spot is taken over by an alternate. Plenary session can also be attended by non-members, such meetings are known as "Enlarged Plenary Session", to participate in the committee's discussions.
Larry Gadon
Lorenzo "Larry" Gacilo Gadon (born March 1, 1958) is a Filipino politician and disbarred lawyer who currently serves as the Presidential Adviser for Poverty Alleviation for President Bongbong Marcos since 2023. Gadon ran for a senatorial seat in the 2016, 2019 and 2022 elections, all of which were unsuccessful. Gadon has gained notoriety for his use of vulgar language and his hardline stance against perceived liberals and communists. Since 2019, he is one of the co-hosts of Karambola on DWIZ-AM.

Karambola (radio program)
Karambola (lit. 'Collision') is a Philippine political talk radio program. It airs every weekday mornings on DWIZ in Metro Manila, and nationwide via syndication on DWIZ News FM (provincial stations) and RPN Radyo Ronda.

Since 2018, the program has been live streaming through social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube, as well on the station's official website and mobile application. on May 10, 2022, the program premiered on Aliw Broadcasting Corporation's newest television station IZTV (now Aliw 23), which is currently conducting test broadcasts.
Hasama, Ōita
Hasama (挾間町, Hasama-machi) was a town located in Ōita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 15,083 and the density of 295.17 persons per km2. The total area was 51.10 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Hasama, along with the towns of Shōnai and Yufuin (all from Ōita District), was merged to create the city of Yufu.

Yufuin, Ōita
Yufuin (湯布院町, Yufuin-chō) was a town located in Ōita District, Ōita Prefecture, Japan. Yufuin is now a district (町) within the city of Yufu. Its elevation is approximately 400 meters above ground.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,342 and density of 88.77 persons per km2. The total area was 127.77 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Yufuin, along with the towns of Hasama and Shonai (all from Ōita District), was merged to create the city of Yufu. This controversial decision resulted in the recall of the mayor and a snap election in which he regained office.
Quilty GAA
Quilty GAA is a defunct Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Clare, Ireland. The club was based in Quilty The club only played gaelic football.

The club won three times the Clare Senior Football Championship. Most remarkable is the win of 1935, when they played the final against their fellow parishioners and later amalgamation partners Kilmurry Ibrickane.

In the 1970s Quilty GAA and Kilmurry Ibrickane amalgamated to form Kilmurry Ibrickane GAA.

Kilmurry Ibrickane GAA
Kilmurry-Ibrickane GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Clare, Ireland.

The club only plays gaelic football, and were Clare Senior Football Champions last in 2020, and won the Munster Senior Club Football Championship in 2004 and 2009.
Lorimer Johnston
Lorimer Johnston (November 2, 1858 in Maysville, Kentucky – February 20, 1941 in Hollywood, California) was an American silent film actor and director.

He was involved in the production of over 60 films in acting and directing and he also wrote the scripts for twelve films, according to IMDb, nearly all shorts. In 1913, Johnston directed the short films For the Crown and For the Flag, working with actresses such as Charlotte Burton.

Towards the end of his career Johnston starred as an actor in sound motion pictures such as the popular Frankenstein films Ghost of Frankenstein and Son of Frankenstein.

For the Flag
For the Flag is a 1913 American silent short drama film written and directed by Lorimer Johnston. The film features Charlotte Burton, George Periolat, J. Warren Kerrigan, Jack Richardson, and Vivian Rich.
The Paul Lynde Show
The Paul Lynde Show is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC. The series starred comedian Paul Lynde and aired for one season, with original episodes airing from September 13, 1972, to March 14, 1973.

Paul Lynde
Paul Edward Lynde (/lɪnd/; June 13, 1926 – January 10, 1982) was an American comedian, actor, and game-show panelist. A character actor with a distinctively campy and snarky persona that often poked fun at his closeted homosexuality, Lynde was well known for his roles as Uncle Arthur on Bewitched, as the befuddled father Harry MacAfee in Bye Bye Birdie, and as a regular "center square" panelist on the game show The Hollywood Squares from 1968 to 1981. He also voiced animated characters for five Hanna-Barbera productions.

Lynde regularly topped audience polls of most-liked TV stars and was routinely admired and recognized by his peers during his lifetime. Mel Brooks once described Lynde as being capable of getting laughs by reading "a phone book, tornado alert, or seed catalogue". Lynde once said that while he would rather be recognized as a serious actor, "we live in a world that needs laughter and I've decided if I can make people laugh, I'm making a more important contribution."
Eknath Ranade
Eknath Ramakrishna Ranade (Marathi: [ekᵊn̪at̪ʰ ɾɑmɐkɾuʂɳə ɾäɳäɖe]; 19 November 1914 – 22 August 1982) was an Indian social activist. He joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) while still in school and served as a general secretary from 1956 to 1962.

Ranade was deeply influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and compiled a book of his writings. He played a significant role in the construction of the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and the Vivekananda Kendra in Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu.

Vivekananda Kendra
Vivekananda Kendra is a spiritually-oriented service mission founded in 1972, based near the Vivekananda Rock Memorial in Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu, India).

It claims to focus on "man making and nation building" through various activities, including education, women's empowerment, rural development, promoting Indian culture, as well as youth empowerment, and free yoga classes to promote healthy mind and body.
K. Vijay Kumar
K Vijay Kumar PMG GM IPS (born 15 September 1952), is a retired IPS officer. He was the chief of the Special Task Force of Tamil Nadu that was involved in the death of the Veerappan during Operation Cocoon of 2004. He had also been the senior advisor to Home Ministry for the Left Wing Extremism areas. He served as the Advisor to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir with Home, Forest, Ecology & Environment, Health & Medical Education, Youth Services & Sports, Hospitality & Protocol, Civil Aviation, Estates and Information portfolios. Currently he has joined back as senior security adviser in Ministry of Home Affairs in December 2018.

Veerappan
Koose Munisamy Veerappan (18 January 1952 – 18 October 2004) was an Indian poacher, smuggler, domestic terrorist and bandit who was active for 36 years, and kidnapped major politicians for ransom. He was charged with sandalwood smuggling and poaching of elephants in the scrub lands and forests in the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. He was wanted for killing around 184 people, about half of whom were police officers and forest officials. He was also responsible for poaching approximately 500 of the 2,000 elephants killed in the peninsular region where he was active and for smuggling ivory worth US$2.6 million (₹16 crore) and about 65 tons of sandalwood worth approximately US$22 million (₹143 crore).

The battle to capture Veerappan cost the governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka over ₹100 crore.
Souvankham Thammavongsa
Souvankham Thammavongsa is a Laotian-Canadian poet and short story writer. In 2019, she won an O. Henry Award for her short story, "Slingshot", which was published in Harper's Magazine, and in 2020 her short story collection How to Pronounce Knife won the Giller Prize.

How to Pronounce Knife
How to Pronounce Knife is a short story collection by Souvankham Thammavongsa, published in 2020 by McClelland & Stewart. The stories in the collection centre principally on the experiences of Laotian Canadian immigrant families, sometimes from the perspective of children observing the world of adults.

The collection won the 2020 Giller Prize and the 2021 Trillium Book Award for English Prose.
Joe Armstrong (actor)
Joseph Armstrong (born 7 October 1978) is an English actor. His television roles include Allan A Dale in three series of Robin Hood, Hotspur in  Henry IV, Part I, Ashley Cowgill in Happy Valley and Bairstow in The Village. On stage, he played the lead role in D. C. Moore's The Empire and appeared in the 2011 revival of Flare Path. He co-starred with Maxine Peake in Miss Julie at the Royal Exchange and with Louise Brealey in a touring production of Constellations.

Robin Hood (2006 TV series)
Robin Hood is a British television programme, produced by independent production company Tiger Aspect Productions for BBC One, with co-funding from the BBC America cable television channel in the United States. Based on the traditional stories of legendary English folk hero Robin Hood, the programme started on 7 October 2006. Series two commenced broadcasting on 6 October 2007 with the final two episodes on 29 December 2007. Series three began airing on 28 March 2009 for a thirteen-episode run. The series was cancelled by the BBC after series three following the departure of multiple actors, including lead Jonas Armstrong.
Pennsylvania Senate, District 27
Pennsylvania State Senate District 27 includes part of Luzerne County and all of Columbia County, Montour County, Northumberland County,  and Snyder County. It is currently represented by Republican Lynda Schlegel Culver.

Snyder County, Pennsylvania
Snyder County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 39,736. The county seat is Middleburg. Snyder County was formed in 1855 from parts of Union County. The county is part of the Central Pennsylvania region of the state.

Snyder County comprises the Selinsgrove, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area.
Andorra-Sierra de Arcos
Andorra-Sierra de Arcos is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. It is located in Teruel Province and it is named after Sierra de Arcos, a range of this mountainous area of the Sistema Ibérico.
The capital is Andorra, with 7,335 inhabitants at the 2021 Census making it the largest town of the comarca.

Like neighboring Cuencas Mineras, this comarca is part of a traditional mining area. Owing to the unspoilt, spectacular mountain landscapes of the area, tourism is being developed.

Some municipal terms of Andorra-Sierra de Arcos are part of the historical region of Lower Aragon.

Lower Aragon
Lower Aragon (Spanish: Bajo Aragón, Aragonese: Baixo Aragón, Catalan: Baix Aragó), also known as Tierra Baja, is a natural and historical region in Aragon, Spain. The name "Lower Aragon" refers to the areas of the lowest altitude within the Ebro river basin, but the historical region encompasses only the river basins of several right tributaries of the Ebro River, namely the Matarranya, Guadalope, Regallo, Martín and Aguas, located between the Ebro and the Iberian mountain range.

The demonym for Lower Aragonese people is bajoaragonés or tierrabajino. The eastern fringes of the Lower Aragon natural region include some areas belonging as well to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja and overlapping the historical Ilercavonia comarca.

All the villages traditionally taking part in the characteristic and loud Drum and Bass drum Route during Holy Week processions are included in Lower Aragon historical region.
San'yō region
The San'yō Region (山陽地方 San'yō-chihō) is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the southern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Seto Inland Sea. The name San'yō means "southern, sunny (yō) side of the mountains" and contrasts with the San'in or "northern, shady (in) side of the mountains".

The region is generally considered to include the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima and Yamaguchi. Sometimes, the section of Hyōgo Prefecture that formerly comprised Harima Province is considered to be within the region as well.

The San'yō encompasses the pre-Meiji provincial areas of Harima, Mimasaka, Bizen, Bitchu, Bingo, Aki, Suō and Nagato.

San'in region
The San'in Region (山陰地方, San'in Chihō) is an area in the southwest of Honshū, the main island of Japan. It consists of the northern part of the Chūgoku region, facing the Sea of Japan. Specifically, it is the two prefectures of Shimane and Tottori.