hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ramize Gjebrea
Ramize Gjebrea (April 20, 1923 – March 6, 1944, nom de guerre Ramona) was an Albanian World War II partisan, accused of alleged immoral behavior by a martial court, and executed by a firing squad in the village of Ramicë, Vlorë.

Liri Belishova
Liri Belishova (14 October 1926 – 23 April 2018) was an Albanian politician. She was a member of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania and an important political figure in Albania between 1944 and 1960.
RetroMania Wrestling
RetroMania Wrestling is a professional wrestling video game by RetroSoft Studios, and was released on April 1, 2021. The game was created as a homage to the classic WWF arcade games WWF Superstars and WWF WrestleFest.

WWF WrestleFest
WWF WrestleFest is a professional wrestling video game developed and released by Technōs Japan for arcades in 1991, featuring stars of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The game was distributed by Technōs in Japan and North America, and by Tecmo in Japan, Europe and Australasia. It is the sequel to Technōs' previous WWF game, WWF Superstars. Compared to Superstars, WrestleFest adds a variety of different wrestlers to the roster as well as enhanced graphics and sound. There are more voice samples, including commentary and pre-match introductions by WWF ring announcer Mike McGuirk. The voiced cut scenes featuring Gene Okerlund from Superstars returned as well.

In February 2012, THQ released a remake of the game for iOS featuring both current and former wrestlers, retitled WWE WrestleFest.
Sarah Roberts (actress)
Sarah Kathryn Roberts (born 4 December 1984) is an Australian television and film actress. After training at the 16th Street Actors Studio, Roberts took part in the 2012 reality television series Bollywood Star, in which Australians compete for a chance to work with Bollywood director Mahesh Bhatt. She has made guest appearances in various Australian television shows, including Jack Irish and INXS: Never Tear Us Apart. After appearing in the 2014 Neighbours spin-off series Brennan on the Run as Sienna Matthews, Roberts joined the cast of the main show in a recurring capacity. From 2017 to 2021, she played Willow Harris in Home and Away. Roberts has also starred in the feature films Felony and UnIndian.

Neighbours spin-offs
Neighbours is a long-running Australian television soap opera created by television executive Reg Watson. It was first broadcast on the Seven Network on 18 March 1985 and currently airs on digital channel 10 Peach. Since its inception, several spin-offs have been produced, including books, music, DVDs and internet webisodes. Several annuals and books by pulp fiction writer Carl Ruhen were released in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Barry Crocker's version of the theme tune was the first music release from the show, which also has included a Christmas album and the show's love theme. Two potential television spin-offs have reached the pilot stage, while five DVD box sets of Neighbours episodes from the beginning have been released. In 2013, Neighbours launched their first webisode series Steph in Prison. Several other webisode series have since been released. Other merchandise includes official video and board games, stationery and clothing.
Radda Novikova
Radda Vyacheslavovna Novikova (Russian: Радда Вячеславовна Новикова) is a Russian film and television director (born on 25 October 1974). Novikova is well known for directing comedy television series Girls with Makarov, Interns, Two Fathers, Two Sons and feature film The Crazy Empress (2025).

Girls with Makarov
Girls with Makarov (Russian: Девушки с Макаровым, romanized: Devushki s Makarovym), also known as Makarov and the Girls, is a Russian comedy television series produced by Comedy Club Productions. The main roles are played by Pavel Maykov, Alevtina Tukan, Vladislava Ermolaeva, Valeria Astapova and Elena Polyanskaya.

The series is about a tough police major Pavel Makarov who's in charge of the women's police division in Butovo. The show's title is a pun on the lead characters name and on the Makarov pistol.

The first season aired on TNT from March 9 to April 1, 2021. In the summer of 2021, new episodes were filmed for the second season. The second season premiered on January 31, 2022.

The series has been compared to Interns which was also made by the Comedy Club team, including director Radda Novikova.
Flag of St. Louis
The flag of St. Louis, Missouri consists of a solid red background and three thick, wavy lines colored blue and white extending from the top left corner, bottom left corner, and center right edge. At the intersection of these lines there is a yellow disk containing a blue fleur-de-lis.

The flag was designed by Yale University professor Theodore Sizer and officially adopted in 1964.

In a 2004 poll on the North American Vexillological Association website, St. Louis's flag was voted the fifth-best design among United States city flags.

Theodore Sizer (art historian)
Theodore Sizer (March 19, 1892 – June 21, 1967) was an American professor of the history of art at Yale University and a director of the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut. He was named the first Pursuivant of Arms for Yale University in 1963.
Dangerous Child
Dangerous Child is a 2001 made-for-television film starring Delta Burke and Ryan Merriman. Merriman won a Young Artist Award for "Best Performance in a TV Movie or Special - Leading Young Actor" for his role in the film.

The film was released on VHS in 2002, followed by a DVD release in 2008.

Ryan Merriman
Ryan Earl Merriman (born April 10, 1983) is an American actor. He began his career at the age of ten and has appeared in several feature films and television shows. He is best known for a handful of Disney Channel original movies and for portraying Jake Pierce in The Ring Two, Kevin Fischer in Final Destination 3, and Ian Thomas in Pretty Little Liars.
Behind Silence and Solitude
Behind Silence and Solitude is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band All That Remains, recorded in early 2000 and released on March 26, 2002. It is the only All That Remains album with guitarist Chris Bartlett and bass guitarist Dan Egan. A re-issued, remastered version of the album, with all new artwork, was released on October 9, 2007. The artwork was designed by Killswitch Engage bass guitarist Mike D'Antonio. Being the band's first album, it is the only album not to include any singles or music videos.

All That Remains (band)
All That Remains is an American heavy metal band from Springfield, Massachusetts, formed in 1998. They have released ten studio albums, a live CD and DVD, and have sold over a million records worldwide.

The group currently consists of vocalist Philip Labonte, lead guitarist Ken Susi, rhythm guitarist Mike Martin, bassist Matt Deis and drummer Anthony Barone, with Labonte being the last remaining original member. In spite of this, the band's line-up had remained consistent from the release of 2008's Overcome until 2015's The Order of Things, spanning four albums. This line-up changed, however, in September 2015, when long-time bassist Jeanne Sagan left the band, with Aaron Patrick taking her place, and then again in February 2019, when the band confirmed that Jason Richardson would be joining the band to replace the deceased lead guitarist and original member, Oli Herbert. Patrick would be replaced in 2022 by Matt Deis.
NBA G League
The NBA G League, or simply the G League, is a professional basketball league in North America that serves as the developmental league of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The league comprises 31 teams; as of the 2024–25 season, all are single-affiliated or owned by an NBA team except for the independent Mexico City Capitanes.

The league was founded in 2001 as the National Basketball Development League (NBDL), renamed the NBA Development League (NBA D-League) in 2005. It received its present name in 2017 under a deal with Gatorade, becoming the first U.S. professional sports league named for an advertiser.

Initially eight teams, the league expanded after 2005 under a plan by NBA commissioner David Stern, Russ Granik, Bobby Sharma, and other league executives, to develop it into a true minor-league farm system, with each team affiliated with one or more NBA teams. By mid-2014, one-third of NBA players had spent time in the league, up from 23% in 2011.

Mexico City Capitanes
The Mexico City Capitanes (Spanish: Capitanes de la Ciudad de México) are a Mexican professional basketball team based in Mexico City. The Capitanes competed as a member club in the Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional (LNBP) for its first three seasons and the franchise is currently a member of the NBA G League. The team plays their home games in Mexico City Arena.

The Capitanes were established before the 2017–18 season, after the Mexican capital had been without a basketball team for a decade.

In December 2019, the National Basketball Association's commissioner Adam Silver announced that the Capitanes would be joining the league's developmental league, the NBA G League, for at least five seasons beginning in the 2020–21 season. However, following the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, no mention was made of the Capitanes participating in the league's 2021 bubble season, with the team announcing it would instead join in the 2021–22 season.
Irish studies
Irish Studies is an interdisciplinary field of research devoted to the study of Ireland, History of Ireland. Geography of Ireland, Culture of Ireland, Literature of Ireland, Art of Ireland, Languages of Ireland, Politics of the Republic of Ireland, Politics of Northern Ireland and Irish people in Ireland and elsewhere. It is sometimes subsumed within the category of Celtic studies and European studies.

In 2018, the Irish government launched a Global Ireland initiative which was designed to promote all aspects of Ireland, including culture, diplomacy and business, internationally. This supplemented the Culture Ireland initiative which was established in 2005.

Celtic studies
Celtic studies or Celtology is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to the Celtic-speaking peoples (i.e. speakers of Celtic languages). This ranges from linguistics, literature and art history, archaeology and history, the focus lying on the study of the various Celtic languages, living and extinct. The primary areas of focus are the six Celtic languages currently in use: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton.

As a university subject, it is taught at a number of universities, most of them in Ireland, the United Kingdom, or France, but also in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany, Poland, Austria and the Netherlands.
Arkansas Highway 16
Arkansas Highway 16 (AR 16) is a designation for three state highways in Arkansas. One segment of 24.13 miles (38.83 km) runs from U.S. Route 412 (US 412) in Siloam Springs east to Interstate 49 (I-49) in Fayetteville. A second segment of 71.67 miles (115.34 km) runs from I-49 in Fayetteville east to Highway 7 in the Ozark National Forest. A third segment of 132.69 miles (213.54 km) runs from Highway 7 at Sand Gap east to US 67B in Searcy. Highway 16 was created during the 1926 Arkansas state highway numbering, and much of the highway winds through the Ozarks, including the Ozark National Forest, where a portion of it is designated as an Arkansas Scenic Byway. The route has two spur routes in Northwest Arkansas; in Fayetteville and Siloam Springs.

Sand Gap, Arkansas
Sand Gap is an unincorporated community in Freeman Township, Pope County, Arkansas, United States. Sand Gap is located at the junction of Arkansas highways 7 and 16.

Sand Gap used to be known as Grand Gap.  The  official Arkansas town name is Pelsor. It contains Archeological Site 3PP614, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Wasita (title)
Wāsiṭa ("intermediary") was a title given to the senior administrative official in Fatimid Egypt in the late 10th and early 11th centuries.

The title signified the role of the chief minister as the "intermediary" between the Fatimid caliphs and the administration and the people, but was junior to the rank of vizier (wazīr), which was more common in the Islamic world. It was first given to al-Hasan ibn Ammar in 996, and continued to be held by several chief ministers during the reigns of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 996–1021) and Ali az-Zahir (r. 1021–1036). With the rise of powerful military leaders who occupied the position of chief minister in the second half of the 11th century, however, the title was abandoned again in favour of that of vizier.

Vizier
A Vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the countries of "greater Persia". The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

A collection of Vizier may introduce a Grand Vizier, within their civilization.
Exhorder
Exhorder is an American heavy metal band from New Orleans, Louisiana.

Considered progenitors of the groove-oriented thrash sound later made famous by bands such as Pantera and Machine Head, their music is viewed as an important influence on the New Orleans metal scene.

Initially active from 1985 to 1994 and 2008 to 2011—reformed in 2017.  To date, the band has released four studio albums: Slaughter in the Vatican (1990), The Law (1992), Mourn the Southern Skies (2019) and Defectum Omnium (2024).

The Law (Exhorder album)
The Law is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Exhorder, released on  March 15, 1992 through Roadrunner Records. Compared to previous release Slaughter in the Vatican, the band's sound became much more groove metal-oriented while still retaining much of its thrash roots. It was reissued by Roadrunner in 2003 in a two-disc set with Slaughter in the Vatican and again in 2008. The song "Into the Void" is a cover of a Black Sabbath song off their Master of Reality album.
Pat's Uninteresting Tours
Pat's Uninteresting Tours was a series of themed route bus tours that offered an alternative to the usual sightseeing tours. Taking passengers on a four-hour comedy excursion to downmarket locations it operated in Sydney, Australia during the mid to late 1980s.

The premise was to conduct paying passengers on a bus and expose them to ordinary situations in incongruous contexts - actively avoiding normal tourist attractions and visiting uninteresting sites. These included wine tasting at a rubbish tip, "experiencing fresh air" at the sewage works and formal dinner at a road-side diner. Passengers were encouraged to dress in tourist garb for the day tours and tacky evening wear for night tours. After TV New Zealand program That's Fairly Interesting recorded a segment, tours were conducted in Wellington, Christchurch, Palmerston North and later Auckland.

That's Fairly Interesting
That's Fairly Interesting was a New Zealand TV series showcasing quirky people and events.

Its title was reference to the American show That's Incredible! The company that produced the programme was Communicado - owned by Neil Roberts, Murray Roberts, Garry McAlpine and Robyn Scholes.  Communicado produced TV shows, advertisements and films, including Once Were Warriors.

The programme's reporters included Neil Roberts, Phil Gifford, Sue Kedgley, Tim Shadbolt, Eliza Bidois, Kerry Smith, Belinda Todd, Mark Leishman, Juliet Monaghan, Khali Winitana, Vicki Walker and Phil Keoghan, who later became famous for hosting the US show The Amazing Race.
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is south-east of central Manchester and south of Tameside. As well as the towns of Stockport, Bredbury and Marple, it includes the outlying villages and suburbs of Hazel Grove, Bramhall, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Reddish, Woodley and Romiley. In 2024, it had a population of 303,929, making it the fourth-most populous borough of Greater Manchester.

Hazel Grove
Hazel Grove is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It lies within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, and became part of Greater Manchester in 1974. The built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics had a population of 20,170 at the 2021 census.
Clifford Ray
Clifford Ray (born January 21, 1949) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. He played three of his ten seasons in the NBA with the Chicago Bulls from 1971 to 1974, and the other seven with the Golden State Warriors from 1974 to 1981.

Nate Thurmond
Nathaniel Thurmond (July 25, 1941 – July 16, 2016) was an American professional basketball player who spent the majority of his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Golden State Warriors franchise. He played the center and power forward positions. Thurmond was a seven-time All-Star and the first player in NBA history to record an official quadruple-double. In 1965, he grabbed 42 rebounds in a game; only Wilt Chamberlain and Bill Russell recorded more rebounds in an NBA game. Thurmond was named a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1985, one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History, and part of the NBA 75th Anniversary Team in 2021.

Known to fans as "Nate the Great", Thurmond has had his No. 42 jersey retired by both the Golden State Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers.
Line search
In optimization, line search is a basic iterative approach to find a local minimum  of an objective function . It first finds a descent direction along which the objective function  will be reduced, and then computes a step size that determines how far  should move along that direction. The descent direction can be computed by various methods, such as gradient descent or quasi-Newton method. The step size can be determined either exactly or inexactly.

Descent direction
In optimization, a descent direction is a vector  that points towards a local minimum  of an objective function .

Computing  by an iterative method, such as line search defines a descent direction  at the th iterate to be any  such that , where  denotes the inner product. The motivation for such an approach is that small steps along  guarantee that  is reduced, by Taylor's theorem.

Using this definition, the negative of a non-zero gradient is always a
descent direction, as .

Numerous methods exist to compute descent directions, all with differing merits, such as gradient descent or the conjugate gradient method.

More generally, if  is a positive definite matrix, then
 is a descent direction at . This generality is used in preconditioned gradient descent methods.
Transport in Egypt
Transport in Egypt is centered in Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile. The Ministry of Transportation and other government bodies are responsible for transportation in Egypt, whether by sea, river, land or air.

With regard to rail, air and waterway travel, the main line of the nation's rail system follows along the Nile river and is operated by Egyptian National Railways. In addition to overseas routes, Egypt Air provides domestic air service to major tourist destinations from its Cairo hub. The Nile River system (about 1,600 km (990 mi)) and the principal canals (1,600 km (990 mi)) are important locally for transportation. People still travel via the Nile, mainly between Cairo and Aswan. The Suez Canal is a major waterway for international commerce and navigation, linking the Mediterranean and Red Sea. Major ports are Alexandria, Port Said, Damietta on the Mediterranean and Suez and Safaga on the Red Sea.

Egyptian National Railways
Egyptian National Railways (ENR; Arabic: السكك الحديدية المصرية, romanized: Al-Sikak al-Ḥadīdiyyah al-Miṣriyyah) is the national railway network of Egypt. It's managed by the parastatal Egyptian Railway Authority (ERA; Arabic: الهيئة القومية لسكك حديد مصر, romanized: Al-Haī'ah al-Qawmiyya li-Sikak Ḥadīd Miṣr, lit. 'National Agency for Egypt's Railways').
Government Birshestha Shahid Hamidur Rahman Degree College
Government Birshestha Shahid Hamidur Rahman Degree College is an educational institution in Jhenaidah district in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The college currently offers courses in a variety of subjects in higher secondary, undergraduate, honors, and postgraduate classes.

Jhenaidah District
Jhenaidah District (Bengali: ঝিনাইদহ জেলা) is a district in southwestern Bangladesh. Part of the Khulna Division, the district has an area of 1,964.77 km2 (758.60 sq mi). It is bordered by Kushtia District to the north, Jessore District and West Bengal to the south, Rajbari District and Magura District to the east, and Chuadanga District and West Bengal to the west. The largest city and headquarters of this district is Jhenaidah. At the beginning of the British rule, Jhenaidah was a police outpost and was turned into a thana in 1793. The Jhenaidah sub-division was established in 1862. It became a district in 1984.
Nishiarie, Nagasaki
Nishiarie (西有家町, Nishiarie-chō) was a town located in Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,483 and a density of 294.55 persons per km2. The total area was 28.80 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Nishiarie, along with the towns of Arie, Fukae, Futsu, Kazusa, Kitaarima, Kuchinotsu and Minamiarima (all from Minamitakaki District), was merged to create the city of Minamishimabara.

Fukae, Nagasaki
Fukae (深江町, Fukae-chō) was a town located in Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,186 and a density of 349.23 persons per km2. The total area was 23.44 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Fukae, along with the towns of Arie, Futsu, Kazusa, Kitaarima, Kuchinotsu, Minamiarima and Nishiarie (all from Minamitakaki District), was merged to create the city of Minamishimabara.
World history (field)
World history or global history as a field of historical study examines history from a global perspective. It emerged centuries ago; some leading practitioners have included Voltaire (1694–1778), Hegel (1770–1831), Karl Marx (1818–1883), Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), and Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975). The field became much more active (in terms of university teaching, textbooks, scholarly journals, and academic associations) in the late 20th century.

It is not to be confused with comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration (how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together) and difference (how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experience).

Arnold J. Toynbee
Arnold Joseph Toynbee CH FBA (/ˈtɔɪnbi/; 14 April 1889 – 22 October 1975) was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King's College London. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on international affairs; from 1929 to 1956 he was the Director of Studies at Chatham House, in which position he also produced 34 volumes of the Survey of International Affairs, a "bible" for international specialists in Britain.

He is best known for his 12-volume A Study of History (1934–1961). With his prodigious output of papers, articles, speeches and presentations, and numerous books translated into many languages, Toynbee was widely read and discussed in the 1940s and 1950s.