hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Phosphosilicate glass
Phosphosilicate glass, commonly referred to by the acronym PSG, is a silicate glass commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers, due to its effect in gettering alkali ions.  Another common type  of phosphosilicate glass is borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).

Soda-lime phosphosilicate glasses also form the basis for bioactive glasses (e.g. Bioglass), a family of materials which chemically convert to mineralised bone (hydroxy-carbonate-apatite) in physiological fluid.

Bismuth doped phosphosilicate glasses are being explored for use as the active gain medium in fiber lasers for fiber-optic communication.

Borophosphosilicate glass
Borophosphosilicate glass, commonly known as BPSG, is a type of silicate glass that includes additives of both boron and phosphorus.  Silicate glasses such as PSG and borophosphosilicate glass are commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers.

BPSG has been implicated in increasing a device's susceptibility to soft errors since the boron-10 isotope is good at capturing thermal neutrons from cosmic radiation.  It then undergoes fission producing a gamma ray, an alpha particle, and a lithium ion.  These products may then dump charge into nearby structures, causing data loss (bit flipping, or single event upset).

In critical designs, depleted boron consisting almost entirely of boron-11 is used to avoid this effect as a radiation hardening measure. Boron-11 is a by-product of the nuclear industry.
Chehalis Western Trail
The Chehalis Western Trail is a rail trail in Thurston County, Washington, and is the longest shared-use path in the region. It occupies an abandoned railroad corridor that was once used by the historic Weyerhaeuser-owned Chehalis Western Railroad.  The rail line was converted to a bicycle and walking trail and intersects with the 14.5-mile (23.3 km) Yelm–Rainier–Tenino Trail and the 4.7-mile (7.6 km) Karen Fraser Woodland Trail.

Chehalis Western Railroad
The Chehalis Western Railroad (reporting mark CWWR) was the name of two different shortline railroads that were owned and operated by Weyerhaeuser in Washington state between 1936 and 1993.  The first Chehalis Western, which existed from 1936 until 1975, was a shortline Class III railroad, while the second one, which existed from 1981 until 1993, was a private railroad that operated on a different set of lines that Weyerhaeuser had later acquired.
Wrights Creek, Queensland
Wrights Creek is a rural locality in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Wrights Creek had a population of 160 people.

The origin of the suburb name is from the Wright brothers who brought cattle to Wrights Creek in the year 1878.

Gordonvale, Queensland
Gordonvale is a rural sugar-growing town and locality situated on the southern side of Cairns in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Gordonvale had a population of 6,944 people.

At Gordonvale in June 1935, the cane toad was introduced in a failed attempt at controlling the native Frenchi beetle and the greyback cane beetle.
Fisher Peak (Washington)
Fisher Peak is an 8,087-foot-elevation (2,465-meter) mountain summit located in the North Cascades of Washington state. It is situated on the boundaries of the Stephen Mather Wilderness and North Cascades National Park, midway between Black Peak and Easy Pass, and adjacent to Repulse Peak. Precipitation runoff from Fisher Peak's north and east slopes drains to Fisher Creek and Granite Creek which flow to the Skagit River, whereas the west slope drains into tributaries of the Stehekin River. Topographic relief is significant as the east aspect rises approximately 2,100 feet (640 meters) in less than one-half mile (0.8 km). The mountain's toponym has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

Repulse Peak
Repulse Peak is a 7,923-foot (2,415-metre) mountain summit in the North Cascades in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located on the border of the Stephen Mather Wilderness and North Cascades National Park. It is situated midway between Black Peak and Fisher Peak, and can be seen from the North Cascades Highway. Precipitation runoff from Repulse Peak drains into tributaries of the Skagit River and Stehekin River. Topographic relief is significant as the east face rises over 2,900 feet (880 meters) in 0.53 mile (0.85 km).
Paul Leblois
Paul Adolphe Leblois (July 17, 1857 – August 28, 1930) was a divisional general of the French Army who commanded the French 2nd Colonial Infantry Division and later the Armée française d'Orient during World War I.

Armée d'Orient (1915–1919)
The Armée d'Orient (AO) was a field army of the French Army during World War I who fought on the Macedonian front.

The Armée d'Orient was formed in September 1915 during the Conquest of Serbia by German-Austrian-Bulgarian forces. It was shipped to the Greek port of Salonika, where its first units arrived on 5 October.
Despite several offensives, the front stabilized on the Greek-Serbian border until September 1918, when the Bulgarian army disintegrated after defeat in the Battle of Dobro Pole.

On 11 August 1916, all allied troops on the Salonika front came under a united command, and named Allied Army of the Orient (AAO). The AAO supreme commander became the French commander of the Armée d'Orient Maurice Sarrail. He was succeeded as commander of the Armée d'Orient by Victor Cordonnier, and the army itself was renamed the Armée française d'Orient (AFO).
Gouda Wind Facility
Gouda Wind Farm is a wind farm just outside the town of Gouda in the Western Cape province of South Africa that at 138 MW is one of the largest wind-farms in Southern Africa.  The project cost R2.7 billion (US$199 million) and was brought online in early September 2015.  At the time of its completion it was the largest wind-farm in the Western Cape.  It is capable of powering 200,000 households per year or 400-gigawatt hours of electricity.   It is estimated that power generated from Gouda Wind Farm will avoid the emission of 406 million metric tons of CO2 per year of equivalent power produced from a coal-fired power plant.   It is owned in partnership between the South African renewable energy and engineering firm Aveng and Spanish renewable energy company Acciona Energia.

It is located along the R44 34 km from the town of Porterville or 115 km north east of Cape Town, just outside of Gouda.

Gouda, South Africa
Gouda is a settlement in Cape Winelands District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

The town lies some 38km south of Porterville, 14km west of Tulbagh and 61km north-west of Worcester. Prior to 1929, it was known as Porterville Road. Of Khoekhoen origin, the name Gouda is said to mean ‘antelope’. Another possible translation is ‘honey path’, ‘honey defile’. It is unrelated to the Dutch city of the same name.

The 138 MW Gouda Wind Farm, opened in September 2015, is situated just outside the town.
Hal Santiago
Dominador "Hal" Santiago (August 9, 1941 – February 21, 2021) was a Filipino illustrator and writer in the field of Philippine comics (known locally as komiks). Santiago was described by Filipino writer Jim M. Fernandez as the “Raphael of [Philippine comic book] Illustrators”. His illustrations for eight comics series made him one of the most prolific Filipino comic illustrators, second only to Mar T. Santana, who has illustrated 17 series.

Jim Fernandez
Jim M. Fernandez (February 21, 1936 – June 13, 2022) was a Filipino comic book artist best known for his works on Aztec and Aliwan Komiks. He also popularized the fictional character, Zuma in his novels. Apart from being an editor, illustrator, cartoonist, and writer for Philippine comics, Fernandez was also a certified public accountant in the Philippines.
Arnaldo Carli
Arnaldo Carli (30 July 1901 – 20 December 1983) was an Italian racing cyclist and Olympic champion in track cycling. He was born in Milan.

Carli won a gold medal in team pursuit at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp (with Ruggero Ferrario, Franco Giorgetti and Primo Magnani).

Ruggero Ferrario
Ruggero Ferrario (7 October 1897 – 15 July 1976) was an Italian racing cyclist and Olympic champion in track cycling. He won a gold medal in team pursuit at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp (with Arnaldo Carli, Franco Giorgetti and Primo Magnani). He won the first Coppa Bernocchi race in 1919.
Mayuko Wakuda
Mayuko Wakuda (和久田 麻由子, Wakuda Mayuko, born November 25, 1988) is a Japanese announcer and news anchor for NHK. Wakuda previously is one of the anchors hosting NHK General TV's primetime news program News Watch 9.

News Watch 9
News Watch 9 (ニュースウオッチ9, Nyūsu Uotchi Nain; stylized in all caps) is the flagship evening news program of the public Japanese broadcaster, NHK. It airs weekdays on NHK general television and worldwide on NHK World Premium and is also available on the networks video-on-demand service. As of 2025, it is presented by Hitoshi Hirouchi, Makoto Hoshi and Aoi Noguchi. The program has been broadcast by the network since 1961, although it has been using its current title only from 2006.

It is broadcast on weekdays, from 9:00 pm to 10:00 pm (JST), and features national and international news, commentary, sports and weather. Unlike most newscasts, NW9 prohibits the use of full scripts and limits the use of teleprompters.
The Divine Invasion
The Divine Invasion is  a 1981 science fantasy novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It is the second book in the gnostic VALIS trilogy, and takes place in the indeterminate future, perhaps a century or more after VALIS. The novel,  originally titled Valis Regained, was nominated to the BSFA Award.

After the fall of Masada in AD 74, God, or "Yah", is exiled from Earth and forced to take refuge in the CY30-CY30B star system. Although people of Earth are meanwhile ruled by Belial, the fallen Morning Star who serves as Yah's principal Adversary, Yah is intent on reclaiming his creation.

Belial
Belial (/ˈbiːli.əl/; Hebrew: בְּלִיַּעַל‎, Bəlīyyaʿal) is a term occurring in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament which later became personified as the devil in Christian texts of the New Testament. Alternate spellings include Baalial, Balial, Belhor, Beliall, Beliar, Berial, Bylyl and Beliya'al. Early usage of Belial referred to "wickedness" or "worthlessness", occurring several times in the Old Testament. Later, in the Dead Sea Scrolls (c. 300 BCE), Belial was personified as a demon.

In the Secret Book of John, an early Gnostic text, the ruler of the underworld is referred to as Belias.
ISO 3166-2:UG
ISO 3166-2:UG is the entry for Uganda in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Uganda, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for four geographical regions, 134 districts and one city (the capital of the country, Kampala).

Each code consists of two parts separated by a hyphen. The first part is UG, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Uganda. The second part is either of the following:

one letter: geographical regions

three digits: districts and city

For the districts, the first digit indicates the geographical region where the district is in:

1: Central

2: Eastern

3: Northern

4: Western

Districts of Uganda
As of 1 July 2020, Uganda is divided into 135 districts plus the capital city of Kampala, which are grouped into four geographic regions.

Since 2005, the Ugandan government has been in the process of dividing districts into smaller units. This decentralization is intended to prevent resources from being distributed primarily to chief towns and leaving the remainder of each district neglected.

Each district is further divided into counties and municipalities, and each county is further divided into sub-counties. The head elected official in a district is the chairperson of the Local Council five (usually written with a Roman numeral V).
Seven chieftains of the Magyars
The Seven chieftains of the Magyars (or Hungarians) were the leaders of the seven tribes of the Hungarians at the time of their arrival in the Carpathian Basin in AD 895. Constantine VII, emperor of the Byzantine Empire names the seven tribes in his De Administrando Imperio, a list that can be verified with names of Hungarian settlements. The names of the chieftains, however, are not precisely known, as the chronicles include contradictory lists, some of which have been found to be false.

Lehel
Lehel (Hungarian: Lehel or Lél; died 955), a member of the Árpád dynasty, was a Magyar chieftain and, together with Bulcsú, one of the most important figures of the Hungarian invasions of Europe. After the Magyar defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld, he was executed in Regensburg.
Out of the Blue (book)
Out of the Blue: The Inside Story of the Unexpected Rise and Rapid Fall of Liz Truss is a non-fiction book about the British politician Liz Truss, written by Harry Cole and James Heale, published as an ebook on 1 November 2022 and in print and audio on 24 November.

Announced by HarperCollins as Out of the Blue: The Inside Story of Liz Truss and Her Astonishing Rise to Power shortly after Truss took office in September 2022, with a planned publication date of 8 December, it was re-titled Out of the Blue: The Inside Story of Liz Truss and Her Explosive Rise to Power amidst the October 2022 United Kingdom government crisis. Truss's announcement on 20 October that she would resign as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom prompted Cole and Heale to rewrite parts of the book and add a chapter at the end, and led to a second change to the book's title and the moving-up of its publication date.

Harry Cole (journalist)
Harry Cole (born 27 April 1986) is a British journalist who is the editor-at-large of the US edition of The Sun. From 2020 to 2025, he was the UK political editor, having previously been the deputy political editor of The Mail On Sunday.
K-complex
A K-complex is a waveform that may be seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG). It occurs during stage 2 NREM sleep. It is the "largest event in healthy human EEG". They are more frequent in the first sleep cycles.

K-complexes have two proposed functions: first, suppressing cortical arousal in response to stimuli that the sleeping brain evaluates not to signal danger, and second, aiding sleep-based memory consolidation.

The K-complex was discovered in 1937 in the private laboratories of Alfred Lee Loomis.

Delta wave
Delta waves are high amplitude neural oscillations with a frequency between 0.5 and 4 hertz. Delta waves, like other brain waves, can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). They are usually associated with the deep stage 3 of NREM sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), and aid in characterizing the depth of sleep. Suppression of delta waves leads to impaired body recovery, reduced brain restoration, and poorer sleep.
Blueberry River (Minnesota)
The Blueberry River is a tributary of the Shell River, approximately twenty miles (32 km) long, in north-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Shell and Crow Wing Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining a rural area.

The river's name is a translation from its name in the Ojibwe language.

Shell River (Minnesota)
The Shell River is a 47.8-mile-long (76.9 km) tributary of the Crow Wing River in north-central Minnesota in the United States. Via the Crow Wing River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining a rural region.

The river was named for mussel and clam shells found along the river and along Shell Lake, its origin.
Tasmania JackJumpers
The Tasmania JackJumpers are an Australian professional basketball team based in Hobart, Tasmania, who entered the National Basketball League (NBL) in the 2021–22 season, and play their home games at MyState Bank Arena and the Silverdome. The team is named after the jack jumper ant, a species of venomous ant predominantly found in the island state. The JackJumpers won their maiden NBL championship in 2024.

2023–24 NBL season
The 2023–24 NBL season was the 46th season of the National Basketball League since its establishment in 1979. A total of ten teams contested in the 2023–24 season.

Australian broadcast rights to the season are held by ESPN in the third season of a three-year deal. All games are available live on ESPN and the streaming platform Kayo Sports. Network 10 will broadcast two Sunday afternoon games on 10 Peach and 10 Play. In New Zealand, Sky Sport will continue as the official league broadcaster.

As Australia and New Zealand participated in 2025 FIBA Asia Cup qualification, the league took a break during the FIBA international windows of 19–30 November 2023 and 18–28 February 2024.

The Tasmania JackJumpers won their maiden NBL championship after defeating Melbourne United in the Grand Final series, becoming the first Tasmanian NBL champions since Launceston Casino City in 1981.
Maxus G90
The Maxus G90 is a minivan manufactured by SAIC Motor and sold under its Maxus division, which launched on the Chinese car market in April 2022. The G90 is the gasoline-powered variant of the electric Maxus Mifa 9.

Maxus
SAIC Maxus Automotive Co., Ltd. trading as Maxus (LDV in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa) and sometimes known by the pinyin transcription of its Chinese name, Datong (大通) is a Chinese vehicle brand. Currently, it is a commercial and passenger vehicle manufacturer being a wholly owned subsidiary of SAIC Motor, which owns other brands such as MG and Roewe.
Adrian Scott (entrepreneur)
Adrian Scott is a social networking site founder, technology entrepreneur, investor, and film and TV actor. He is best known as founder of the social networking site Ryze in the summer of 2001, and as a founding investor in Napster.

Ryze
Ryze was a social networking service established in 2001 by Adrian Scott. The platform catered to business professionals, offering networking and professional connections.

Ryze contributed to the development of subsequent social networking services such as Friendster, founded by Jonathan Abrams in 2003.
Tomas Holmström
Bengt Tomas Holmström (pronounced [ˈtʊ̌mːas ˈhɔ̂lːmstrœm]; born 23 January 1973) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey left winger who played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Detroit Red Wings, with whom he won four Stanley Cup championships; in 1997, 1998, 2002 and 2008.

During his playing career, Holmström was widely considered one of the NHL's best at screening the opposition's goaltender, as well as for his physical presence in front of the opposition's net.

1997 Stanley Cup Final
The 1997 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1996–97 season, and the culmination of the 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Detroit Red Wings and the Philadelphia Flyers. The Red Wings made the Finals for the second time in three years, while the Flyers were making their first appearance in a decade. The Red Wings swept the Flyers to win the Stanley Cup for the eighth time in franchise history and for the first time since 1955, ending what was the longest Stanley Cup drought in the league at that time.

The Red Wings were the last team to win the Cup without home ice advantage in the Finals and with fewer than 100 points earned during the regular season until 2009.
Fourteen Hours
Fourteen Hours is a 1951 American drama directed by Henry Hathaway that tells the story of a New York City police officer trying to stop a despondent man from jumping to his death from the 15th floor of a hotel.

The film stars Richard Basehart, Paul Douglas, Barbara Bel Geddes and Debra Paget. It also marks the screen debut of Grace Kelly and Jeffrey Hunter, who appear in small roles.

The screenplay was written by John Paxton based on an article by Joel Sayre in The New Yorker describing the 1938 suicide of John William Warde.

John William Warde
John William Warde was a 26-year-old American bank clerk from Southampton, New York, who committed suicide on July 26, 1938. He leaped from a window ledge of the 17th floor of the Gotham Hotel at 5th Avenue and 55th Street in Manhattan. The son of a Long Island express agent, his 12-hour dilemma before jumping held 300 New York City Police Department officers at bay. They were afraid of making a bold move that might cause Warde to jump.
The Pursuit of Happyness
The Pursuit of Happyness is a 2006 American biographical self help film directed by Gabriele Muccino and starring Will Smith as Chris Gardner, a homeless salesman. Smith's son Jaden Smith co-stars, making his film debut as Gardner's son, Christopher Jr. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling 2006 memoir of the same name written by Gardner with Quincy Troupe. It is based on Gardner's nearly one-year struggle being homeless. The intentional misspelling of the film's title comes from a mural that Gardner sees on the wall outside the daycare facility his son attended. The movie is set in San Francisco in 1981.

The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures, and received positive reviews, with Smith's performance and the emotional weight of the story garnering acclaim. Smith was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Actor.

Chris Gardner
Christopher Paul Gardner, Sr. (born February 9, 1954) is an American businessman and motivational speaker. He became a stockbroker in the mid-1980s and eventually founded his own brokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, in 1987. In 2006, Gardner sold his minority stake in the firm and published a memoir. The book was later made into the motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness.
Ostermoordorf
Ostermoordorf is an East Frisian village in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is an Ortsteil of the municipality of Großheide, in the Aurich district. It is located directly to the east of Berumerfehn.

Ostermoordorf was founded around 1790 as a peat colony and was first recorded in 1818 as Ostermoorrott. The current name has been documented since 1852. The village in the moor got its name due to its location east of the Berumerfehn canal.

Großheide
Großheide (East Frisian: Grootheid) is a village and a municipality in the district of Aurich, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km east of Norden, and 15 km northwest of Aurich.
Moray eel
Moray eels, or Muraenidae (/ˈmɒreɪ, məˈreɪ/), are a family of eels whose members are found worldwide. There are approximately 200 species in 16 genera which are almost exclusively marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few are found in fresh water.

The English name, moray, dates back to the early 17th century, and is believed to be a derivative from Portuguese moreia, which itself derives from Latin mūrēna, in turn from Greek μύραινα, muraina; these are the Latin and Greek names of the Mediterranean moray.

White ribbon eel
The white ribbon eel or ghost eel, Pseudechidna brummeri, is a species of saltwater eels, the only member of the genus Pseudechidna of the Muraenidae (Moray eel) family.  It is found in the Indo-Pacific oceans from the western Indian Ocean to Samoa, and north to the Ryukyu Islands. Its length is 8–30 inches (20–76 cm).

The eel is centered around "Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Fiji". It can also occur in Australian waters, although live sightings of the species are exceptionally rare with only three recorded incidents as of 2025. The eel can sometimes be mistaken for a flatworm.