hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Noble privileges in Poland after the March Constitution
Noble privileges in Poland after the March Constitution is an issue that concerns the legal and social status of hereditary titles, noble status and coats of arms in the constitutional regulations of the Second Polish Republic and in subsequent legislation.  The issue is linked to the political transformations following Poland’s regained independence in 1918 and to efforts to unify the legal system after the Partitions of Poland.

Debates over the extent to which former estate privileges should be recognized or abolished concerned both the interpretation of the March Constitution of 1921 and later changes introduced by subsequent constitutional acts, as well as social practice and the general legal order. The question of the fate of nobility after 1918 remains part of broader academic and judicial discussion, and of considerations about the protection of hereditary heritage and cultural tradition in Poland in the 20th and 21st centuries.

March Constitution (Poland)
The Second Polish Republic adopted the March Constitution on 17 March 1921, after ousting the occupation of the German/Prussian forces in the 1918 Greater Poland Uprising, and avoiding conquest by the Soviets in the 1920 Polish-Soviet War. The Constitution, based on the Constitution of the Third French Republic, was regarded as very democratic. Among others, it expressly ruled out discrimination on racial or religious grounds. It also abolished all royal titles and state privileges affecting the nobility of Poland, and banned the use of blazons.

It was partially adjusted by the 1926 August Novelization, and superseded by the Polish Constitution of 1935 (April Constitution).
Ballyfin
Ballyfin (Irish: (An) Baile Fionn, meaning 'the fair/white town' or alternatively "town of Fionn") is a village and parish in the Slieve Bloom Mountains in County Laois, Ireland. It is around 8 km west of Portlaoise, on the L21121 local road which joins the R423 regional road between Mountrath and Mountmellick.

There are hill walks nearby in the Slieve Bloom Mountains.  Most of the area is covered in forest.

Mountmellick
Mountmellick or Mountmellic (Irish: Móinteach Mílic) is a town in the north of County Laois, Ireland. It is on the N80 road, 6 km north of Portlaoise. The town is within Mountmellick Roman Catholic parish.
Gregory Gaye
Gregory Gaye (born Grigoriy Grigoryevich Ge; October 10, 1900 – August 23, 1993) was a Russian-American character actor. The son of an actor, he was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He was the uncle of actor George Gaynes.

He was a cadet in the Imperial Russian Navy and began his stage career in Europe and in the Orient before going to the United States after the Russian Revolution in 1923. He appeared in small roles in over a hundred movies.

George Gaynes
George Gaynes (born George Jongejans; May 16, 1917 – February 15, 2016) was a Dutch-American singer, actor, and voice artist. Born to a Dutch father and a Russian mother in the Grand Duchy of Finland of the Russian Empire, he served in the Royal Netherlands Navy during World War II, and subsequently emigrated to the United States, where he became a citizen and began his acting career on Broadway.

Gaynes' most recognized roles in cinema were that of Commandant Eric Lassard in the Police Academy series and as John Van Horn in the 1982 comedy film Tootsie. He appeared as the curmudgeonly but lovable foster parent Henry Warnimont on the NBC series Punky Brewster; as high-powered theatrical producer Arthur Feldman on The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd; as Senator Strobe Smithers in the hit TV show Hearts Afire; and as Frank Smith, the mob boss brought down by Luke Spencer (Anthony Geary) and Laura Spencer (Genie Francis) on the soap opera General Hospital.
The Half of It
The Half of It is a 2020 American coming-of-age comedy-drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Alice Wu. It stars Leah Lewis, Daniel Diemer, and Alexxis Lemire, with Enrique Murciano, Wolfgang Novogratz, Catherine Curtin, Becky Ann Baker, and Collin Chou in supporting roles. It is loosely inspired by Edmond Rostand's 1897 play Cyrano de Bergerac, and follows a Chinese-American student helping a jock classmate woo a girl whom, secretly, they both desire.

The film was released worldwide on Netflix on May 1, 2020. It received positive reviews from critics, who mostly praised Wu's direction and screenplay, as well as the performances of Lewis and Diemer. It was honored with the Founders Award for Best U.S. Narrative Feature at the 19th Tribeca Film Festival, while Wu was nominated for Best Screenplay at the 36th Independent Spirit Awards.

Leah Lewis
Leah Marie Liang Lewis (born December 9, 1996) is a Chinese-born American actress. She is best known for her roles as Georgia "George" Fan in The CW series adaptation of Nancy Drew (2019–2023) and Ellie Chu in the Netflix comedy-drama film The Half of It (2020). She also starred in a lead voice role as Ember Lumen in the Pixar animated film Elemental (2023), and portrays attorney Sarah Franklin in the legal drama series Matlock (2024–present).
Seven Soldiers of Victory
The Seven Soldiers of Victory (also known as Law's Legionnaires) are a team of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Leading Comics #1 (Winter 1941), and were created by Mort Weisinger and Mort Meskin. The team was a short-lived assembly of some of the less famous superheroes in the DC Universe who have made occasional appearances since their Golden Age debut.

Shining Knight
Shining Knight (Welsh: Marchog Disglair; Breton: Marc'heg Lugernus) is the name of multiple superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The original version was created by Creig Flessel and first appeared in Adventure Comics #66 (September 1941).
William Stanley (1640–1670)
William Stanley (18 October 1640 – 25 October 1670) of Knowsley, Lancashire was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1670.

Stanley was the 3rd surviving son of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby and educated privately.

In April 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Liverpool in the Convention Parliament. He was active in the restoration of Charles II of England.

In 1661, he was re-elected MP for Liverpool for the Cavalier Parliament and in 1662 elected Mayor of Liverpool.

He died unmarried and was buried in the Derby chapel of Church of St Peter and St Paul, Ormskirk.

James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby
James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (31 January 1607 – 15 October 1651) was an English nobleman, politician, and supporter of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. Before inheriting the title in 1642 he was known as Lord Strange. He was feudal Lord of the Isle of Man ("Lord of Man"), where he was known as "Yn Stanlagh Mooar" ("the Great Stanley").
Benoît Paire
Benoît "Ben" Paire (French pronunciation: [bənwa pɛːʁ]; born 8 May 1989) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high singles ranking of World No. 18, achieved in January 2016.

He has won three singles titles, at the 2015 Swedish Open, the 2019 Marrakesh Open and the 2019 Lyon Open. His best result in a Grand Slam has been reaching the fourth round on four occasions. He has a career-high ranking of World No. 65 in doubles achieved on 15 November 2021.

In 2015, Paire was voted Comeback Player of the Year, rising from world No. 118 ATP singles ranking at year-end 2014 to a then career-high world No. 19 at year-end 2015, after a knee injury had sidelined him for much of 2014.

Roberto Bautista Agut
Roberto Bautista Agut (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈβeɾto βawˈtista aˈɣut]; born 14 April 1988) is a Spanish professional tennis player. He has been ranked as high as world No. 9 by the ATP in singles, achieved on 4 November 2019. His most significant final has been the 2016 Shanghai Masters. His best Grand Slam result is reaching the semifinals at 2019 Wimbledon. Bautista Agut has won twelve ATP singles titles out of twenty three finals, the biggest being the ATP 500 title in Dubai.
Interstate 55 in Mississippi
Interstate 55 (I-55) is a major north–south Interstate Highway that serves the middle of the United States. It runs 963.5 miles (1,550.6 km) from I-10 in Laplace, Louisiana—about 25 miles (40 km) west of New Orleans—to U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) in Chicago, Illinois. In Mississippi, it runs for about 290.41 miles (467.37 km), entering the state at the Louisiana state line near Osyka and leaving at the Tennessee state line near Southaven, just south of Memphis.

Southaven, Mississippi
Southaven is a city in DeSoto County, Mississippi, United States. It is a principal city in Greater Memphis. The 2020 census reported a population of 54,648, making it the 3rd most populous city in Mississippi and the largest suburb of Memphis by population. Southaven surpassed Bartlett, TN as largest suburb with a population of 56,851 according to 2023 census estimates. Southaven is traversed north to south by the I-55/I-69 freeway. The city's name derives from the fact that Southaven is located south of Whitehaven, a neighborhood in Memphis.
Cash for comment affair
The cash for comment affair was an Australian scandal that broke in 1999 concerning paid advertising in radio that was presented to the audience in such a way as to sound like editorial commentary. John Laws, a shock jock radio presenter for Sydney talk back, was accused of misusing his authority as an announcer. While the initial publicity had died down by the end of the year, it sparked major changes in the way the radio industry is conducted in Australia. This resulted in a second scandal in 2004, leading to the resignation of Australian Broadcasting Authority head David Flint, after he had been found to have been less than impartial in his role in original "cash for comment" investigations.

Some have pointed to the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, which has treated the media more as a business than a cultural institution, for a decline in the relevance of ethical standards in the Australian media industry.

David Flint
David Edward Flint AM (born 1938) is an Australian legal academic, known for his leadership of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy and for his tenure as head of the Australian Broadcasting Authority.
Daahoud
Daahoud is an album by Max Roach and Clifford Brown released on Mainstream Records in 1973 consisting of alternate takes of tracks recorded in 1954 for the albums Brown and Roach Incorporated and Clifford Brown & Max Roach.

Max Roach
Maxwell Lemuel Roach (January 10, 1924 – August 16, 2007) was an American jazz drummer and composer. A pioneer of bebop, he worked in many other styles of music, and is generally considered one of the most important drummers in history. He worked with many famous jazz musicians, including Clifford Brown, Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, Thelonious Monk, Abbey Lincoln, Dinah Washington, Charles Mingus, Billy Eckstine, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Eric Dolphy, Benny Carter, and Booker Little. He also played with his daughter Maxine Roach, a Grammy-nominated violist. He was inducted into the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 1980 and the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1992.

In the mid-1950s, Roach co-led a pioneering quintet along with trumpeter Clifford Brown. In 1970, Roach founded the percussion ensemble M'Boom.
Vav-Tharad district
Vav-Tharad district is the one of 34 districts of Gujarat, India. It is located on the eastern side of the Rann of Kutch and borders the southern side of the Rajasthan State. Its headquarters are at the city of Tharad.

Vav-Tharad was carved out from the existing Banaskantha district on 2 October 2025, making it the thirty-fourth and newest district of the Gujarat.

Tharad
Tharad (historically known as Thirpur) is a administrative center of the Vav-Tharad district. The district consists of 134 villages. Tharad is 45kms from international border with Pakistan and 40kms from the state border with the Rajasthan state. Main industries are agriculture and private businesses. It is one of the first major towns in Gujarat on National Highway 68.
Legarda Street
Legarda Street is a short street in the Sampaloc district of Manila, Philippines. It crosses through the eastern section of the University Belt area in a generally east–west orientation between the Nagtahan Interchange and the intersection with Nepomuceno Street in Quiapo. Legarda station of the LRTA's Line 2 system serves it.

The street was named after Filipino legislator and resident commissioner to the United States, Benito Legarda y Tuason. Historically, its section in Sampaloc was formerly called Calle Alix (after a Real Audiencia of Manila magistrate of the 1860s, José María Alix y Bonache), while its section in Quiapo was formerly called Plaza Santa Ana and Calle Concordia, respectively.

Nagtahan Interchange
The Nagtahan Interchange, also known as the Nagtahan Flyover and the Mabini Flyover, is a three-level set of three intersecting flyovers in Manila, Philippines, which serves as the junction between Lacson Avenue, Nagtahan Street, Legarda Street, Magsaysay Boulevard, and Jose P. Laurel Street, as well as the nearby Mabini Bridge. The interchange includes the Legarda Flyover (also known as the R. Magsaysay Flyover), between Legarda Street and Magsaysay Boulevard, and the Nagtahan Flyover (also known as the Mabini Flyover), between Nagtahan Street and Lacson Avenue.
Rockwell Ranger 2000
The Rockwell Ranger 2000 was a jet trainer candidate for the United States Joint Primary Aircraft Training System proposed by Rockwell International with assistance from Rhein-Flugzeugbau GmbH (RFB) in Germany.

Joint Primary Aircraft Training System
The Joint Primary Aircraft Training System (JPATS) was an aircraft procurement program of the United States in the 1990s by the United States Air Force and United States Navy, a merger of 1980s era training aircraft programs. The winner was declared in 1995 and entered service a few years later as the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II. The program was partly a result of the cancelled Fairchild T-46 of the 1980s.

In 1995, the selection of Beech Aircraft Corporation of Wichita, Kansas, to develop and deliver the JPATS was made. The aircraft would be manufactured by Raytheon, Beechcraft's parent company, starting in the late 1990s and into the early 21st century. The companies that initially responded and competed were Vought, Northrop, Grumman, Rockwell, Beechcraft, Lockheed, and Cessna. However, by the time the selection was over, Northrop, Grumman, and Vought were all part of the same larger company. Over 700 JPATS are intended to be bought over time.
Wyoming Highway 31
Wyoming Highway 31 (WYO 31), also known as Cold Springs Road) is a 22.086-mile (35.544 km) state highway in Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States, that connects U.S. Route 16 / U.S. Route 20 / Wyoming Highway 789 (US 16 / US 20 / WYO 789) in Manderson with County Road R49 (CR R49) in Hyattville.

Big Horn County, Wyoming
Big Horn County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 11,521. The county seat is Basin. Its north boundary abuts the south boundary of Montana.
Noel Murphy (rugby union, born 1904)
Noel Francis Murphy (27 December 1904 – 6 November 1987) was an Ireland rugby union international. His son Noel Jr and his grandson Kenny were also Ireland internationals. Murphy also played club rugby for Cork Constitution. Between 1930 and 1933 he won 11 caps playing as a flanker. Murphy made his international debut on 8 February 1930 in a 4–3 win against England at Lansdowne Road. He made his last appearance for Ireland on 11 February 1933, again against England, in a 17–6 defeat at Twickenham. Murphy coached the Ireland squad on their 1961 tour of South Africa when the touring party also included his son Noel Jr. He was born and died in County Cork, Ireland.

Kenny Murphy (rugby union)
Kenny Murphy (born 21 July 1966) is a former Irish rugby union international player who played as a full-back.
He played for the Ireland team from 1990 to 1992, winning 11 caps. He was a member of the Ireland squad at the 1991 Rugby World Cup.

He played club rugby for Cork Constitution and provincial rugby for Munster. Both his father and grandfather, Noel Murphy Sr. and Noel Murphy Jr. also played internationally for Ireland.
RG Heidelberg
The RG Heidelberg (German: Rudergesellschaft Heidelberg, literally "Heidelberg Rowing Club") is a German rugby union club from Heidelberg, currently playing in the Rugby-Bundesliga. Apart from rugby, the club also offers the sport of rowing.

Rugby-Bundesliga
The Rugby-Bundesliga is the highest level of the league system for rugby union in Germany, organised by the German Rugby Federation.

The league has a mix of professional, semi-professional and amateur players, with four club in the league being officially professional outfits.

From 2012 to 2015 the Bundesliga was expanded from ten to 24 and the league divided into four regional divisions of six teams each. Below the Bundesliga the 2. Bundesliga was organised in a similar fashion. From 2015 onwards the league returned to sixteen clubs.
Bally's Dover
Bally's Dover Casino Resort, formerly Dover Downs, is a hotel, casino, and racetrack complex in Dover, Delaware. It has a .625-mile (1.006 km) harness horse racing track, which is surrounded by Dover Motor Speedway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) concrete track used for NASCAR motor racing events. The complex is owned by Gaming and Leisure Properties and operated by Bally's Corporation, excluding the motor racing circuit, which is owned by Speedway Motorsports.

Primary features of Bally's Dover include a 500-room hotel, dining options, over 2,700 slot machines, 40 table games, and the Rollins Center, an 18,000-square-foot (1,700 m2) multipurpose ballroom which features entertainment as well as hosting business conferences, conventions and banquets. Steelman Partners were the original architects and interior designers when it was constructed in 1995.

Gaming and Leisure Properties
Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. is a real estate investment trust (REIT) specializing in casino properties, based in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania.  It was formed in November 2013 as a corporate spin-off from Penn National Gaming. The company owns 62 casino properties, all of which are leased to other companies.
John Cousins
John Cousins (1596–1682) was a 17th-century English emigrant to the New England Colonies. Cousins River, Cousins Island and Littlejohn Island in what was then North Yarmouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Yarmouth, Maine), are named for him.

North Yarmouth, Maine
North Yarmouth, officially the Town of North Yarmouth, is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. North Yarmouth is included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 4,072 at the 2020 United States census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Stephen Martin (businessman)
Stephen Martin (born 1966) is a British businessman. He served as the chief executive officer of the Clugston Group construction and civil engineering company from 2006 to 2016. He was the director general of the Institute of Directors from February 2017 to early 2019.

Clugston Group
The Clugston Group was a privately owned business involved in construction and civil engineering, property development and logistics. It was based in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England. On 5 December 2019, the group and its construction businesses filed for administration, with debts of £64m.
Group races
Group races, also known as Pattern races, or Graded races in some jurisdictions, are the highest level of races in Thoroughbred horse racing. They include most of the world's iconic races, such as the Derby, Irish Derby and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe in Europe, the Melbourne Cup in Australia, and the Kentucky Derby and Breeders' Cup races in the United States. Victory in these races marks a horse as being particularly talented, if not exceptional, and they are extremely important in determining stud values. They are also sometimes referred to as Black type races, since any horse that has won or placed in one of these races is printed in bold type in sales catalogues.

The International Grading and Race Planning Advisory Committee (IRPAC), part of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA), enforces quality standards for the designation of group and graded races internationally.

Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe
The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (French pronunciation: [pʁi də laʁk də tʁijɔ̃f]) is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris over a distance of 2,400 metres (1 mile 4 furlongs). The race is scheduled to take place each year in the autumn, usually on the first Sunday in October.

With prize money of €5 million, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, often referred to as the Arc, is Europe's richest flat race. The prize money and prestige of the race attract entries and spectators from across the world. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Qatar.
Harrison Woodhull Crosby
Harrison Woodhull Crosby of Jamesburg, New Jersey was the first to can tomatoes commercially in 1847. He worked as the chief gardener at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania, where he commercialized the canned tomato.

Jamesburg, New Jersey
Jamesburg is a borough in Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 5,783, a decrease of 132 (−2.2%) from the 2010 census count of 5,915, which in turn reflected a decline of 110 (−1.8%) from the 6,025 counted in the 2000 census.
Phillips Estuary/ʔNacinuxʷ Conservancy
The Phillips Estuary/ʔNacinuxʷ Conservancy, is a conservancy in British Columbia, Canada. It preserves parts of the estuary and of the valley of the Phillips River on the North Coast in the Strathcona Regional District. It is just north of the Matsayno #5 reserve, or M̓ac̓inuxʷ, a Kwiakah First Nation village.
Established in 2007, the conservancy covers 1461 hectares of land (1382 hectares of upland and 79 hectares of foreshore).
It is located approximately 60 kilometres north of the city of Campbell River.
There are no settlements within the conservancy. It is contained within the M̓ac̓inuxʷ Special Forest Management Area as the Pałəmin/Estero Basin Conservancy.

Pałəmin/Estero Basin Conservancy
The Pałəmin/Estero Basin Conservancy, is a conservancy in British Columbia, Canada. It preserves the area around the Estero Basin, north of Egerton Peak, at the head of the Frederick Arm of the Cordero Channel on the North Coast in the Strathcona Regional District.
Established in 2007, the conservancy covers 2978 hectares of land (2330 hectares of upland and 648 hectares of foreshore).
It is located approximately 55 kilometres north of the city of Campbell River.
There are no settlements within the conservancy. It is contained within the M̓ac̓inuxʷ Special Forest Management Area as the Phillips Estuary/ʔNacinuxʷ Conservancy.