hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bamlag
Baikal Amur Corrective Labor Camp (Bamlag) (Russian: Байка́ло-Аму́рский исправи́тельно-трудово́й ла́герь, Бамла́г) was a subdivision of GULAG which existed during 1932-1948.

Its main activity was construction of the Baikal–Amur Mainline and secondary railroad branches. Its peak headcount was about 201,000 (1938). In 1938 it was dismantled into several railroad support camps: Amurlag, ru:Южлаг, ru:Западный железнодорожный ИТЛ, ru:Востоклаг, ru:Юго-Восточный железнодорожный ИТЛ, ru:Бурлаг.

Its administration was headquartered in the settlement of Svobodny, Amur Oblast.  For the most time it was headed by Naftaly Frenkel (1934-1938), who also headed the construction directorate of BAM (1933-1938).

Amurlag (1938–1941)
Amur Railroad Corrective Labor Camp (Amurlag) (Russian: Амурский железнодорожный исправительно-трудовой лагерь, Амурлаг) was a subdivision of GULAG which existed during 1938-1941. It was created from the disbanded Bamlag. Its administration was headquartered in the settlement of Svobodny, Amur Oblast. Its main activity was railroad construction. Its peak headcount was about 125,000 (1938).

In 1941 it was disestablished and its subcamps were resubordinated to ru:Бурлаг and ru:Свободлаг.
Datong Garrison
The Datong Garrison (Chinese: 大同鎮; pinyin: Dàtóngzhèn) was one of the Nine Garrisons established by the Ming dynasty to defend the northern border and Great Wall of China.

The area of responsibility was to defend the outer stretch of the Great Wall, starting from Piantou Pass on the Yellow River and extending northeast to Shahukou. It then continued further east, reaching north of Datong and ending at Huai'an, which is located 40 km west of Zhangjiakou in Hebei, where it joined the wall under the Xuanfu Garrison. The wall that belonged to the Datong Garrison was constructed in the mid-16th century in response to repeated attacks by the Mongols, led by Altan Khan. In total, the Datong Garrison was responsible for 330 km of the Great Wall.

The garrison was under the command of Xuanda, and its headquarters were located in present-day Datong, Shanxi.

To the east, the Datong Garrison shared a border with the Xuanfu Garrison, and to the west, it bordered the Yansui Garrison.

Nine Garrisons of the Ming dynasty
The Nine Garrisons, or Nine Defense Areas (Chinese: 九边; pinyin: Jiǔbiān, also known as Chinese: 九镇; pinyin: Jiǔzhèn), was a system implemented during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) to protect the northern border and the Great Wall. Originally consisting of nine garrisons, the system was later expanded to eleven. Each garrison was controlled from a fortified garrison town, strategically located at important passages and reinforced militarily. The leadership of the garrisons was divided among three supreme commanders: Jiliao, Xuanda, and Shaanxi sanbian. Each garrison had a military commander, as well as a civilian administration. In total, approximately 300,000 soldiers and officers were deployed in the garrisons.
Gopal Bhar
Gopal Bhar or Gopal Bhand (Bengali: গোপাল ভাঁড় [ˈɡopal bʱãˑɽ]) was an 18th-century figure in Bengal who is said to be a humorist or jester in the court of Raja Krishnachandra Roy (r. 1710–1783), the king of Nadia Raj. Legends say that he was a part of the Navaratnas (lit. 'Nine-jewels') of Krishnachandra's court. His statue can still be seen in the Royal palace and in Ghurni, Krishnanagar town. Gopal is believed to have possessed a keen intelligence. Although the historicity of the figure remains disputed, he remains a revered character in Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

Krishnachandra Roy
Raja Krishnachandra (born Krishnachandra Roy; 1710–1783) was a raja and zamindar in Nadia from 1728 to 1782. He belonged to the Nadia Raj family and Shakta Brahmin tradition.  He is credited not only with his resistance to the Mughal rule, but with his expansion and patronage of the arts in his kingdom. He was also a part of the group that conspired against Siraj ud-Daulah, which eventually lead to establishment of British rule in India.
Brittany Koper
Brittany Crouch Koper (born May 1, 1985) is an American human resources professional. She gained notoriety after she was dismissed from, and filed a lawsuit against attorneys for, the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). She is the granddaughter of Paul and Jan Crouch, co-founders and directors of the TBN, and daughter of Paul Crouch Jr., formerly of TBN and now with the Word Network.

Paul Crouch
Paul Franklin Crouch (/kraʊtʃ/; (March 30, 1934 – November 30, 2013) was an American televangelist and the co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). Founded in 1973 with his wife, Jan Crouch, TBN grew to become the world's largest religious television network. Crouch was a prominent figure in the prosperity gospel movement, a theology that drew both a massive global following and significant criticism regarding the network's fundraising tactics and the family's lavish lifestyle.
Clare Calbraith
Clare Michelle Calbraith (born 1 January 1974) is an English actress, born in Winsford, Cheshire, and raised in Liverpool and Cheshire, whose appearances include roles in Vera, the ITV period drama series Home Fires and Downton Abbey, together with the BBC2 drama The Shadow Line.

The Shadow Line (TV series)
The Shadow Line is a seven-part British television drama miniseries produced by Company Pictures/Eight Rooks Ltd/Baby Cow/CinemaNX production for BBC Two. It stars Chiwetel Ejiofor, Christopher Eccleston, Rafe Spall, Lesley Sharp, Kierston Wareing, Antony Sher and Stephen Rea. The series was written, directed and produced by Hugo Blick.

The first episode was screened on 12 April 2011 at BAFTA's Princess Anne Theatre in Piccadilly, and was followed by a special question and answer session with Hugo Blick and Christopher Eccleston.

Broadcasting of the series started on 5 May 2011 and finished on 16 June 2011. It is currently available on Blu-ray and DVD and for purchase on Amazon Prime.
Battle of Crater
The Battle of Crater, also known by the British as Operation Stirling Castle, was a battle that took place in July 1967 during the Aden Emergency. After the mutiny of the Arab Armed Police and ambush of British troops by them, the Crater district in Aden was abandoned by British troops. The British then decided to enter Crater and retrieve the bodies of dead British soldiers.

Aden Emergency
The Aden Emergency, also known as the 14 October Revolution or the Aden Insurgency, was an armed rebellion led mainly by the National Liberation Front (NLF) and the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) against the British Protectorate and Federation of South Arabia. It began on 14 October 1963 when tribes from Radfan attacked British troops and ended with the proclamation of independence of the People's Republic of Southern Yemen.

The British had declared a state of emergency following the throwing of a grenade at a gathering of British officials on 10 December 1963 at RAF Khormaksar. A state of emergency was then declared in the British Crown colony of Aden and its hinterland, the Aden Protectorate. The emergency escalated in 1967, hastening the end of British rule in the territory, which had begun in 1839.
Oren Lavie
Oren Lavie (Hebrew: אורן לביא; born June 13, 1976) is an Israeli songwriter, author, theatre and video director.  His music video for "Her Morning Elegance" earned a 2009 Grammy Award nomination for "Best Short Form Music Video" and has become a YouTube hit with over 35 million views to date.

Lavie released his debut studio album, The Opposite Side of the Sea, on March 10, 2009, in the United States. He is the winner of the ASCAP Foundation Award for promising lyricist. His first book for children, The Bear Who Wasn't There, was published in 2014 and has since been translated to numerous languages. Lavie's second studio album, Bedroom Crimes, was released in May 2017.

The Opposite Side of the Sea
The Opposite Side of the Sea is the debut studio album by Israeli singer Oren Lavie. It was released in Europe in January or February 2007, though it did not achieve major success. It was later released in the United States on March 10, 2009, via Lavie's own label, Quarter Past Wonderful, named after one of the songs on the album. The label signed a distribution deal with Adrenaline/Rocket Science to promote the album.

Before its physical release, the album was available for digital download on January 29 through the iTunes Store.
Center-of-momentum frame
In physics, the center-of-momentum frame (COM frame) of a system, also known as zero-momentum frame, is the inertial frame in which the total momentum of the system vanishes. It is unique up to velocity, but not origin. The center of momentum of a system is not a location, but a collection of relative momenta/velocities: a reference frame. Thus "center of momentum" is a short for "center-of-momentum frame".

A special case of the center-of-momentum frame is the center-of-mass frame: an inertial frame in which the center of mass (which is a single point) remains at the origin. In all center-of-momentum frames, the center of mass is at rest, but it is not necessarily at the origin of the coordinate system. In special relativity, only when the system is isolated is the COM frame necessarily unique.

Local reference frame
In theoretical physics, a local reference frame (local frame) refers to a coordinate system or frame of reference that is only expected to function over a small region or a restricted region of space or spacetime.

The term is most often used in the context of the application of local inertial frames to small regions of a gravitational field. Although gravitational tidal forces will cause the background geometry to become noticeably non-Euclidean over larger regions, if we restrict ourselves to a sufficiently small region containing a cluster of objects falling together in an effectively uniform gravitational field, their physics can be described as the physics of that cluster in a space free from explicit background gravitational effects.
Second Hand (2013 film)
Second Hand is a 2013 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama starring Dhanya Balakrishna, Sudheer Varma, Kireeti Damaraju, Sree Vishnu and Anuj Ram. This film marks the debut of writer B. V. S. Ravi as a co-producer and Telugu debut of director Kishore Tirumala. Avaneedra, who previously worked for the Hindi film Bhoot Returns (2012), and  Uma Shankar were cinematographers for the film.

Dhanya Balakrishna
Dhanya Balakrishna is an Indian actress who appears in Telugu and Tamil films. After making her debut in A. R. Murugadoss's 7 Aum Arivu (2011), in a supporting role, she appeared in ventures including Gautham Vasudev Menon's Neethaane En Ponvasantham (2012), Atlee's Raja Rani (2013) and Srikanth Addala's Seethamma Vaakitlo Sirimalle Chettu (2013).   Dhanya made her debut as female lead in Telugu with Chinni Chinni Aasa (2013).
Edward Copson
Edward Thomas Copson FRSE (21 August 1901 – 16 February 1980) was a British mathematician who contributed widely to the development of mathematics at the University of St Andrews, serving as Regius Professor of Mathematics amongst other positions.

Regius Professor of Mathematics
The Regius Professorship of Mathematics is the name given to three chairs in mathematics at British universities, one at the University of St Andrews, founded by Charles II in 1668, the second one at the University of Warwick, founded in 2013 to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II and the third one at the University of Oxford, founded in 2016.
The Old Garden
The Old Garden (Korean: 오래된 정원) is a 2006 South Korean romantic drama film, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by the author Hwang Sok-yong. It was written and directed by Im Sang-soo, and starring Yum Jung-ah and Ji Jin-hee.

The plot of the film involves a couple during the turbulent political landscape in early 1980s South Korea, and the events surrounding the Gwangju Massacre.

Ji Jin-hee
Ji Jin-hee (Korean: 지진희; born June 24, 1971) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading roles in the television shows Jewel in the Palace (2003), He Who Can't Marry (2009), Dong Yi (2010), I Have a Lover (2015), Second to Last Love (2016), Misty (2018) and Designated Survivor: 60 Days (2019).
Pariah (2011 film)
Pariah is a 2011 American drama film written and directed by Dee Rees. It tells the story of Alike (Adepero Oduye), a 17-year-old Black teenager embracing her identity as a lesbian. It premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was awarded the Excellence in Cinematography Award.

Hollywood Reporter critics picked it as one of the 50 best films since 2000. In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant", making it the first narrative feature from the 2010s chosen for induction by the registry.

Adepero Oduye
Adepero Oduye listenⓘ(/ˌædəˈpɛroʊ oʊˈduːjeɪ/ AD-ə-PERR-oh oh-DOO-yay) is an American actress, director, singer, and writer. She is known for Pariah (2011), 12 Years a Slave (2013), The Big Short (2015), and Widows (2018).
Sam Huntington
Sam Huntington (born April 1, 1982) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Josh Levison on the Syfy series Being Human (2011–2014), Mimi-Siku in the Tim Allen film Jungle 2 Jungle (1997) and Jimmy Olsen in the superhero film Superman Returns (2006). He also played the recurring role of Mitchie Mendelson	on the Fox series Rosewood (2015–2017). His other notable credits include the feature films Detroit Rock City (1999), Not Another Teen Movie (2001), Fanboys (2009), Dylan Dog: Dead of Night (2011), Veronica Mars (2014), Sully (2016), and The Last Stop in Yuma County (2023).

Dylan Dog: Dead of Night
Dylan Dog: Dead of Night is a 2011 American comedy horror film based on Tiziano Sclavi's Italian comic book Dylan Dog. The film was directed by Kevin Munroe, and written by Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer. Brandon Routh stars as the eponymous antagonistic and self-aware detective who investigates cases involving the vampires, zombies, and werewolves of New Orleans. Sam Huntington, Anita Briem, Peter Stormare, and Taye Diggs are among the supporting cast.

Dylan Dog: Dead of Night was released by Omni/Freestyle Releasing in the United States on April 29, 2011. The film received negative reviews from critics, and was a box-office bomb after grossing just $5.8 million on a $20 million budget.
Bad Nauheim
Bad Nauheim (German pronunciation: [baːt ˈnaʊhaɪm] ⓘ) is a spa town in Wetteraukreis, Hesse, Germany.

As of 2020, Bad Nauheim has a population of 32,493. The town is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Frankfurt am Main, on the east edge of the Taunus mountain range. It is a world-famous resort, noted for its salt springs, which are used to treat heart and nerve diseases. A Nauheim (or "effervescent") bath, named after Bad Nauheim, is a type of spa bath through which carbon dioxide is bubbled. This bath was one of several types of hydrotherapy used at the Battle Creek Sanitarium and it was also used at the Maurice Bathhouse in Bathhouse Row in the early 1900s during the heyday of hydrotherapy. The Konitzky Foundation, a charitable foundation and hospital for those without economic means, was founded in 1896 and its building occupies a central place next to the Kurpark.

Friedberg, Hesse
Friedberg (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːtbɛʁk] ⓘ; official name: Friedberg (Hessen)) is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district, in Hesse, Germany. In 1966, the town hosted the sixth Hessentag state festival, in 1979 the 19th.
Voorhees Township, New Jersey
Voorhees Township is a township in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The township is a suburb in the Delaware Valley / Greater Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 31,069, an increase of 1,938 (+6.7%) from the 2010 census count of 29,131, which in turn reflects an increase of 1,005 (+3.6%) from the 28,126 counted in the 2000 census.

Voorhees Township was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 1, 1899, from portions of Waterford Township. Portions of the township were taken on March 8, 1924, to form Gibbsboro.

The township is named for Foster McGowan Voorhees, the Governor of New Jersey who authorized its creation. The township is part of the state's South Jersey region.

Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Cherry Hill is a township within Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As a suburb of Philadelphia, the township is part of the South Jersey and Delaware Valley regions. Cherry Hill Township grew during the mid-20th century suburbanization, becoming one of the Delaware Valley's main commercial centers, including the Cherry Hill Mall. As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 74,553.
Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle
Thomas Talbot, 2nd Baron Lisle and 2nd Viscount Lisle (c. 1449 – 20 March 1470), English nobleman, was the son of John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle and Joan Cheddar.

He married Margaret Herbert, the daughter of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke. Upon the death of his grandmother, Margaret Beauchamp, in 1467, Lisle inherited her claims upon the lands of Baron Berkeley. He attempted to gain entrance to Berkeley Castle by bribery; but the plot was discovered, and in a fit of pique, he challenged Lord Berkeley to a trial of arms. The ensuing Battle of Nibley Green was the last battle on English soil fought entirely between private feudatories. The superior numbers of Berkeley won the day: Lisle's troops were routed, he was slain on the field by a James Hiatte, and Berkeley pillaged Lisle's manor of Wotton-under-Edge. Lady Lisle miscarried a son shortly thereafter; the Viscounty of Lisle became extinct, and the barony passed into abeyance between his two sisters.

John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle
John Talbot, 1st Baron Lisle and 1st Viscount Lisle (c. 1426 – 17 July 1453), English nobleman and medieval soldier, was the son of John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and his second wife Margaret Beauchamp.
William Benbow
William Benbow (1787 – 1864) was a nonconformist preacher, pamphleteer, pornographer and publisher, and a prominent figure of the Reform Movement in Manchester and London.  He worked with William Cobbett on the radical newspaper Political Register, and spent time in prison as a consequence of his writing, publishing and campaigning activities.  He has been credited with formulating and popularising the idea of a general strike for the purpose of political reform.

General strike
A general strike (or mass strike) is a strike action in which a substantial proportion of the total labour force in a city, region, or country participates. General strikes are characterised by the participation of workers from a multitude of workplaces across different industries, and tend to involve entire communities. They are often used to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal. General strikes first occurred in the mid-19th century and have characterised many historically important strikes.
2019 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship
The 2019 Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship was the 14th staging of the Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 2006. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place 15 January 2019. The championship began on 6 April 2019 and ended on 27 October 2019.

On 27 October 2019, Éire Óg won the championship following a 0-14 to 0-12 defeat of St Michael's in the final at Páirc Uí Rinn. It was their first championship title in the grade.

Éire Óg's Daniel Goulding was the championship's top scorer.

Éire Óg GAA (Cork)
Éire Óg is a Gaelic football and hurling club based in Ovens, County Cork, a small village adjacent to the town of Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland. The club is affiliated with Cork GAA county board and the Muskerry divisional board.
HMS Racoon (1782)
HMS Racoon was a 14-gun two-masted brig-sloop of the Royal Navy, purchased for service during the American Revolutionary War. She was commissioned in August 1782 under the command of Lieutenant (and later Admiral) Edmund Nagle, but was captured and destroyed four weeks later by the French frigate Aigle.

Edmund Nagle
Admiral Sir Edmund Nagle, KCB (1757 – 14 March 1830) was an Irish officer in the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who is best known for his capture of the French frigate Révolutionnaire at the action of 21 October 1794 and his close association with George IV as a courtier from 1820 to his own death. He served as Commander-in-Chief at Leith, and on the Coast of Scotland and Commander-in-Chief on the Guernsey Station.
Wassan Al-Khudhairi
Wassan Al-Khudhairi is a curator who specializes in modern and contemporary art from the Arab world. In 2017 she was appointed Chief Curator of the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis.

As the first ever director of Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Al-Khudhairi was responsible for developing the newly established institution, overseeing policy development, acquisitions and collections registration. During her tenure at Mathaf, she curated “Saraab: Cai Guo-Qiang” (2011) and co-curated “Sajjil: A Century of Modern Art” (2010) along with Nada Shabout and Deena Chalabi, which showcased works from Mathaf's permanent collection. Under Al-Khudhairi's leadership, Mathaf solidified its commitment to not shy away from potentially controversial work and has hosted Art Dubai's Global Art Forum for the past several years

Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art
Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art  (متحف : المتحف العربي للفن الحديث) is a  museum in Doha, Qatar with over 9,000 objects. Established in 2010, it is considered a major cultural attraction in the country.

Mathaf houses the world's largest collection of modern and contemporary Arab art.
Hokudan, Hyōgo
Hokudan (北淡町, Hokudan-chō) was a town located in Tsuna District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,917 and a density of 194.18 persons per km2. The total area was 51.07 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Hokudan, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura and Ichinomiya and Tsuna (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Tsuna District, Hyōgo
34°22′59″N 134°50′10″E﻿ / ﻿34.383°N 134.836°E﻿ / 34.383; 134.836

Tsuna (津名郡, Tsuna-gun) was a district located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2005, the district had an estimated population of 11,500, and the total area was 58.21 km2.