hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Action research
Action research is a philosophy and methodology of research generally applied in the social sciences. It seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined the term "action research" in 1944. In his 1946 paper "Action Research and Minority Problems" he described action research as "a comparative research on the conditions and effects of various forms of social action and research leading to social action" that uses "a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action and fact-finding about the result of the action".

Kurt Lewin
Kurt Zadek Lewin or Kurt Tsadek Lewin (/ˈluːɪn, ləˈviːn/ LOO-in, lə-VEEN; German: [leˈviːn]; 9 September 1890 – 12 February 1947) was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States. During his professional career, Lewin's academic research and writings focuses on applied research, action research, and group communication.

Lewin is often recognized as the "founder of social psychology" and was one of the first to study group dynamics and organizational development. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lewin as the 18th-most cited psychologist of the 20th century. During his career, he was affiliated with several U.S. and European universities, including the University of Berlin, Cornell University, MIT, Stanford University, and the University of Iowa.
EA Sports PGA Tour
EA Sports PGA Tour, also called EA PGA Tour, is a sports video game developed by EA Tiburon and published by EA Sports for PlayStation 5, Windows and Xbox Series X/S. It is an entry in the EA Sports PGA Tour franchise, the first since 2015's Rory McIlroy PGA Tour. It is also the first in the series not to bear an athlete's name in the title since PGA Tour 98.

Initially taglined as Road to the Masters, it was later confirmed that the game was titled simply EA Sports PGA Tour, without a corresponding year, with the taglines periodically changing to reflect different major tournaments, while the Road to the Masters tagline remains in physical versions of the game.

PGA Tour 98
PGA Tour 98 is a sports video game developed by NuFX and published by EA Sports exclusively for PlayStation in 1997. It was the last game in the series to not feature an athlete's name in the title until EA Sports PGA Tour in 2023.
Agusan River
The Agusan River is third longest river in the Philippines, located in the north-eastern part of Mindanao island, draining majority of the Caraga region and some parts of Davao de Oro. It is the country's third largest river (after the Cagayan River and Rio Grande de Mindanao) with a total drainage area of 11,937 square kilometres (4,609 sq mi) and an estimated length of 349 kilometres (217 mi) from its origin.

Davao de Oro
Davao de Oro, officially the Province of Davao de Oro (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Davao de Oro; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Davao de Oro), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Nabunturan while Monkayo is the most populous. It used to be part of the province of Davao del Norte until it was made a separate province in 1998.

The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf. The first elected governor was Jose Caballero, formerly a lawyer for a mining group in the province. It was formerly known as Compostela Valley (shortened to ComVal; Cebuano: Kawalogang Kompostela) from its inception until December 2019, when a plebiscite ratified the law that proposed to rename the province to Davao de Oro.
Grays Ferry, Philadelphia
Grays Ferry, also known as Gray's Ferry, is a neighborhood in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, bounded (roughly) by 25th Street on the east, the Schuylkill River on the west, Vare Avenue on the south, and Grays Ferry Avenue on the north.  The section of this neighborhood west of 34th Street is also known as Forgotten Bottom.

Grays Ferry shares borders with Southwest Center City to the north, Point Breeze to the east, and Girard Estate to the south. Grays Ferry is across from where Mill Creek debouches at about 43rd street.

Grays Ferry was historically one of the largest enclaves of Irish Americans in the city, and while there are still many Irish left, it is now home to a majority African American population.

South Philadelphia
South Philadelphia, nicknamed South Philly, is the section of Philadelphia bounded by South Street to the north, the Delaware River to the east and south, and the Schuylkill River to the west. A diverse working-class community of many neighborhoods, South Philadelphia is well known for its large Italian-American population, though it also contains large Asian-American, Irish-American, African-American, and Latino populations.
Anne Russell (artist)
Anne Russell (1781–1857) was an English pastellist.

Russell was born in London, and was the daughter of painter John Russell. She produced copies of her father's pastels as well as those of Rosalba Carriera, and was said to assist her father not only in his painting but also in making his pastels. Her siblings were also artists; William and Jane produced pastels, while Maria was a watercolorist. A variety of pastels by her hand, largely copies of the work of other artists, are known to survive.

Jane Russell (painter)
Jane de Courcy Russell (1779–1810) was an English pastellist.

Born in London, Russell was the daughter of painter John Russell; her siblings William, Anne, and Maria also became artists. She married Joshua Jowett (1776–1845), a “furnishing ironmonger & brazier”, in 1802, two years before he patented a fire-guard stove. She died in Kentish Town.
Central Huntington Garage
The Central Huntington Garage, also known as the Hines Building is a four-story, flat roof commercial building that houses Jim's Steak and Spaghetti House. It was built in 1927, with Italianate architecture that sits on a stone foundation.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the Downtown Huntington Historic District in 1986.

Downtown Huntington Historic District
Downtown Huntington Historic District is a national historic district located at Huntington, Cabell County, West Virginia. The original district encompassed 59 contributing buildings; the boundary increase added 53 more contributing buildings.  It includes the central business district of Huntington and includes several of its municipal and governmental buildings. It contains the majority of the historic concentration of downtown commercial buildings. Located in the district are the separately listed Carnegie Public Library, Cabell County Courthouse, U.S. Post Office and Court House, and Campbell-Hicks House.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.  A boundary increase occurred in 2007.
Park Hee-soon
Park Hee-soon (Korean: 박희순; born February 13, 1970) is a South Korean actor. He graduated with a theater degree from Seoul Institute of the Arts, and was a member of the Mokwha Repertory Company from 1990 to 2001. He became active in film beginning in 2002, and won several Best Supporting Actor awards for his portrayal of a tough cop in Seven Days (2007). He received further acting recognitions for his roles in the films The Scam (2009) and 1987: When the Day Comes (2017). Apart from his film career, Park starred in television series All About My Romance  (2013), The Missing (2015), Beautiful World (2019), and My Name (2021), the lattermost of which brought him international attention.

1987: When the Day Comes
1987: When the Day Comes is a 2017 South Korean political thriller film directed by Jang Joon-hwan and written by Kim Kyung-chan. The film stars Kim Yoon-seok, Ha Jung-woo, Yoo Hae-jin, Kim Tae-ri, Park Hee-soon and Lee Hee-joon. Set in 1987 and based on a true story, the film focuses on the events that led up to the June Democratic Uprising in Korea, triggered by the death of a student protester during police interrogation which the authorities conspired to cover up. Jang compared the overall structure of the film to a relay race, with the focus of the story shifting between several characters to convey the collective effort of political resistance. The film was released in theaters on December 27, 2017.
Masaki Kobayashi
Masaki Kobayashi (小林 正樹, Kobayashi Masaki; February 14, 1916 – October 4, 1996) was a Japanese filmmaker. He is best remembered for directing the epic war trilogy The Human Condition (1959–1961), the samurai films Harakiri (1962) and Samurai Rebellion (1967), and the horror anthology epic Kwaidan (1964). Senses of Cinema described him as "one of the finest depicters of Japanese society in the 1950s and 1960s." Although victim to being overshadowed by other Japanese filmmakers like Akira Kurosawa and Yasujirō Ozu in his lifetime, his work has gained wider traction in the 21st century with Harakiri and The Human Condition III: A Soldier’s Prayer being the two highest rated films on reviewing website Letterboxd.

Samurai Rebellion
Samurai Rebellion (上意討ち 拝領妻始末, Jōi-uchi: Hairyō zuma shimatsu) is a 1967 Japanese jidaigeki film directed by Masaki Kobayashi. The film is based on a short story of the same name by Yasuhiko Takiguchi. Its screenplay was written by Shinobu Hashimoto.

Film historian Donald Richie suggests an approximate translation for its original Japanese title: Rebellion: Receive the Wife.
NGC 1409
NGC 1409 is a quiescent lenticular galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Taurus. It was discovered by the German-born astronomer William Herschel on January 6, 1785. NGC 1409 is located in close proximity to the smaller Seyfert galaxy NGC 1410, and the two are strongly interacting. Their respective nuclei have a separation of just 23 kly, and they share a diffuse stellar envelope with a radius extending out to 49 kly.

The morphological classification of this galaxy most closely matches type SB0, which indicates a barred lenticular galaxy. There is a conspicuous pipeline of dust and gas being funneled to NGC 1409 from NGC 1410. This lane has a typical width of 330 ly, passing to the north in front of NGC 1409 and then behind, becoming denser toward the galactic core. It has an estimated mass of 3×108 M☉ and is transferring mass at the estimated rate of 1.1–1.4 M☉ yr–1. However, there is no indications of recent star formation in NGC 1409 from this incoming material.

NGC 1410
NGC 1410 is a peculiar lenticular galaxy in the constellation Taurus. It was discovered on January 17, 1855, by English astronomer R. J. Mitchell. NGC 1410 is located in close proximity to the larger lenticular galaxy NGC 1409, and the two are strongly interacting. Their respective nuclei have a separation of just 23 kly, and they share a diffuse stellar envelope with a radius extending out to 49 kly.

This is classified as a type II Seyfert galaxy and it appears to be undergoing star formation, unlike its neighbor NGC 1409. It shows signs of being dynamically perturbed, particularly along the western side. There is a conspicuous pipeline of dust and gas being funneled from NGC 1410 to NGC 1409. This lane has a typical width of 330 ly with an estimated mass of 3×108 M☉ and is transferring mass at the estimated rate of 1.1–1.4 M☉ yr–1.
Kansas-Oklahoma-Missouri League
The Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League (or KOM League) was a name of an American minor league baseball league which was established in 1946 and played through 1952. As the name indicates, the Class D level league had franchises based in Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. Baseball Hall of Fame members Mickey Mantle played in the league for the 1949 Independence Yankees and Burleigh Grimes managed the 1948 Independence Yankees.

Independence, Kansas minor league baseball history
Minor league baseball teams were based in Independence, Kansas in various seasons between 1896 and 1952. Independence teams played as members of the Kansas State League (1896, 1906), Oklahoma-Arkansas-Kansas League (1907),  Oklahoma-Kansas League (1908), Western Association (1911), Southwestern League (1921–1924), Western Association (1925, 1928–1932) and Kansas-Oklahoma-Missouri League (1947–1950, 1952), winning five league championships. Independence was a minor league affiliate of the New York Yankees from 1947 to 1950 and the St. Louis Browns in 1952.

The 1921 Independence Producers were ranked #77 on The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams.

Independence possibly hosted the first night game in organized baseball on April 28, 1930, at Riverside Stadium.

Baseball Hall of Fame member Mickey Mantle played for the 1949 Independence Yankees, his first professional season. Hall of Famer Burleigh Grimes was the manager of the 1948 Independence Yankees.
Mushihimesama
Mushihimesama is a manic shooter developed by Cave, originally distributed by AMI in 2004 and later redistributed to arcades in 2011 as the significantly changed "version 1.5". It was ported to the PlayStation 2 in 2005 and iOS in 2011. An Xbox 360 port was released in May 2012 (with ver1.5 as first print DLC). A version for Microsoft Windows was also published by Degica in 2015. In 2021, the game was ported to the Nintendo Switch.

The game has an insect theme as all of the enemies resemble various insects such as beetles, like the Japanese rhinoceros beetle and butterflies. The game is set in various forest environments. It received a sequel in 2006, known as Mushihimesama Futari, and a spin-off iOS and Android game entitled Mushihimesama Bug Panic.

Mushihimesama Futari
Mushihimesama Futari (虫姫さまふたり, Mushihime-sama Futari; lit. "Bug Princess Duo") is a bullet hell shooter video game released in arcades by Cave on October 27, 2006 and it is a sequel to Mushihimesama (2004). Mushihimesama Futari was released on the Xbox 360 in Japan on November 26, 2009. In April 2012, Cave released a port of the game on the iOS platforms, titled Bug Princess 2 (Mushihimesama was also released on the platforms titled Bug Princess).
Dallas Royall
Dallas Leslie "Digger" Royall (1949 – 1991) was an Australian hard rock drummer. He was a member of Band of Talabene (1973), Buster Brown (1975) and Rose Tattoo (1976–1983). He died of an unspecified cancer in 1991 while being treated for heroin and alcohol addictions.

Rose Tattoo
Rose Tattoo are an Australian rock and roll band, now led by Angry Anderson, which formed in Sydney in 1976. Their sound is hard rock mixed with blues rock influences, with songs including "Bad Boy for Love", "Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw", "Nice Boys", "We Can't Be Beaten" and "Scarred for Life". Their first four albums were produced by Harry Vanda and George Young who also worked with AC/DC. They disbanded in 1987, subsequently reforming briefly in 1993 to support Guns N' Roses on an Australian tour. They reassembled again from 1998 and have since released two more studio albums.

According to Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane, Rose Tattoo are "one of the most revered bands of all time. The Tatts played peerless, street-level heavy blues with the emphasis on slide guitar and strident lyric statements". On 16 August 2006, they were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame.
Westminster School, Adelaide
Westminster School is an independent, Uniting Church, Early Learning to Year 12, coeducational, day and boarding school located at Marion, South Australia, 12 km south of Adelaide.  Founded as a Methodist day and boarding school for boys, the school was opened by the Prime Minister Robert Menzies in 1961 and is named after Westminster School in London. The school became co-educational in 1978, and has a current enrolment of around 1150 students.

Marion, South Australia
Marion is a suburb in the City of Marion, around 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of the city centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. Founded as a rural village in 1838 on the banks of the Sturt River, Marion was found to have rich soil and the population expanded rapidly. Colonel William Light laid out the plan for the village, as he had done with the City of Adelaide itself.

Marion is bordered on the north by Oaklands Road, on the east by Marion Road, on the south by Sturt Road and on the west by a roughly straight line from Finniss Street in the south to The Parade.
Can't Stop the Music
Can't Stop the Music is a 1980 American musical comedy film directed by Nancy Walker in her only directed featured film. Written by Allan Carr and Bronté Woodard, the film is a pseudo-biography of the 1970s disco group the Village People loosely based on the actual story of how the group formed. The film also stars Valerie Perrine, Caitlyn Jenner in her film debut, Steve Guttenberg, Paul Sand, Tammy Grimes, June Havoc, Barbara Rush, Altovise Davis, Marilyn Sokol and The Ritchie Family in their only film.

Produced by Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment (formerly EMI Films), distributed by independent distributor Associated Film Distribution (AFD), the film was released after disco's peak. It received largely negative reviews from critics and was a box office bomb. Alongside Xanadu, Can't Stop the Music is known for inspiring the creation of the Golden Raspberry Awards, winning the first Razzies for Worst Picture and Worst Screenplay at the 1st Golden Raspberry Awards.

Steve Guttenberg
Steven Robert Guttenberg (born August 24, 1958) is an American actor, author, businessman, producer, and director. He is known for playing Carey Mahoney in the Police Academy films from 1984 to 1987. He also acted in Three Men and a Baby (1987) and its 1990 sequel as well as the films Diner (1982), Cocoon (1985), Short Circuit (1986), The Bedroom Window (1987), The Big Green (1995) and A Novel Romance (2011).

On television, he started his career in the CBS sitcom Billy (1979). He has had recurring guest roles as Woody Goodman in the teen mystery series Veronica Mars (2005–2006), Wayne Hastings, Jr. in the HBO dramedy series Ballers (2017), and Dr. Katman in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs (2017–2023). He was a contestant during season 6 of the dance competition series Dancing with the Stars (2008).
Khirbet Abu Falah
Khirbet Abu Falah (Arabic: خربة ابو فلاح, translates to "Ruins of the Farmer's Father") is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 26 kilometers (16 mi) north of Ramallah in the central West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the village had a population of 4,394 in the 2017 census.

Kafr Malik
Kafr Malik (Arabic: كفر مالك) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate of the State of Palestine, located 17 kilometers Northeast of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 2,946 inhabitants in 2017.
College Swing
College Swing, also known as Swing, Teacher, Swing in the U.K., is a 1938 American comedy film directed by Raoul Walsh and starring George Burns, Gracie Allen, Martha Raye, and Bob Hope.  The supporting cast features Edward Everett Horton, Ben Blue, Betty Grable, Jackie Coogan, John Payne, Robert Cummings, and Jerry Colonna.

Gracie Allen
Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen (July 26, 1895 – August 27, 1964) was an American vaudevillian, singer, actress, and comedian who became internationally famous as the zany partner and comic foil of husband George Burns, her straight man, appearing with him on radio, television and film as the duo Burns and Allen.

For her contributions to the television industry, Allen was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6672 Hollywood Boulevard. She and Burns were inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1988.

Costar Bea Benaderet said of Allen in 1966, "She was probably one of the greatest actresses of our time."
Israel Beck
Israel Beck (1891–1972) was a founding member of the Antwerpsche Diamantkring, the world's largest and first-ever diamond bourse to be dedicated to rough diamonds trade. He was President of the Board from 1961 until his death in 1972. By that time, he had served benevolently 43 years as a member of the Board, promoting diamond trade internationally and the Antwerp diamond industry in particular, and representing the Antwerpsche Diamantkring at the World Diamond Congress.

Antwerpsche Diamantkring
The Antwerpsche Diamantkring was established in 1928 in Antwerp, Belgium, to become the first diamond bourse worldwide that is dedicated exclusively to rough diamonds trade.

It is a member of the World Federation of Diamond Bourses.

85% of the world's diamond supply is traded in Antwerp, and in particular in the Antwerpsche Diamantkring.
James Robertson (photographer)
James Robertson (1813–1888) was an English gem and coin engraver who worked in the Mediterranean region, and who became a pioneering photographer working in the Crimea and possibly India. He is noted for his Orientalist photographs and for being one of the first war photographers.

Felice Beato
Felice Beato (c. 1832 – 29 January 1909), also known as Felix Beato, was an Italian–British photographer. He was one of the first people to take photographs in East Asia and one of the first war photographers as well as a pioneer of travel photography. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, and views and panoramas of the architecture and landscapes of Asia and the Mediterranean region. Beato's travels gave him opportunities to create images of countries, people, and events unfamiliar and remote to most people in Europe and North America. His works provide images of such events as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the Second Opium War, and represent the first substantial body of photojournalism. He influenced other photographers; and his impact in Japan, where he taught and worked with numerous other photographers and artists, was particularly deep and lasting.
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter (Hebrew: יהודה אריה ליב אלתר, 15 April 1847 – 11 January 1905), also known by the title of his main work, the Sfas Emes (Ashkenazic Pronunciation) or Sefat Emet (שפת אמת‎) (Modern Hebrew), was a Hasidic rabbi who succeeded his grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, as the Av beis din (head of the rabbinical court) and Rav of Góra Kalwaria, Poland (known in Yiddish as the town of Ger), and succeeded Rabbi Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin of Aleksander as Rebbe of the Gerrer Hasidim.

Yitzchak Meir Alter
Yitzchak Meir Rotenberg-Alter (Yiddish: יצחק מאיר אלטער, Polish: Icchak Meir Rothenberg Alter, Hebrew: יצחק מאיר אלתר) ‎(1799 – 10 March 1866), was the first Rebbe of the Ger Hasidic dynasty, which he founded in the town of Góra Kalwaria (known as "Ger" in Yiddish), Poland. He headed the Kupath Rabbi Meir Baal Haness Kollel Polen (Poland) Varsha (Warsaw) (Hebrew קופת רמבעה"ן כולל פולין ורשה / וארשא‎). He was also known as The Chiddushei HaRim (החדושי הרי"ם‎) for his Torah writings, and was sometimes fondly called Reb Itche Meir (Yiddish) by his followers.
Don Michael Perez
Don Michael Perez is a Filipino television writer, film writer, television director, film and television director. He is a resident writer and director for GMA Network.

His most famous works were Mulawin, Destiny Rose and Kambal, Karibal.

Destiny Rose
Destiny Rose is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Don Michael Perez, it stars Ken Chan in the title role. It premiered on September 14, 2015 on the network's Afternoon Prime line up. The series concluded on March 11, 2016 with a total of 130 episodes.

The series is streaming online on YouTube.