hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Akram al-Hourani
Akram Al-Hourani (Arabic: أكرم الحوراني, romanized: ʾAkram al-Ḥurānī, also transcribed El-Hourani, Howrani or Hurani) (November 1911 – 24 February 1996), was a Syrian politician who played a prominent role during the democratic era of Syria in the 1950s, he established and led the Arab Socialist Party. He was a highly influential figure in the Syrian politics from the beginning of the 1940s until his departure into exile in 1963, during this period he was able to introduce significant reforms towards more just and fairer society especially in relation to the agricultural sector and land redistribution against the feudal system. Al-Hourani held various positions as a member of the Syrian parliament, the head of the parliament, minister of agriculture, minister of defence, and the vice-president of the United Arab Republic. Al-Hourani is the grandfather of Akram Al-Hourani, a Syrian-Australian Professor and Engineer.

United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية المتحدة, romanized: al-Jumhūriyya al-ʿArabiyya al-Muttaḥida) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 to 1971. It was initially a short-lived political union between Egypt (including Egyptian-governed Gaza) and Syria from 1958 until Syria seceded from the union following the 1961 Syrian coup d'état. Egypt continued to be known officially as the United Arab Republic until it was formally dissolved by Anwar Sadat in September 1971.

The republic was led by Gamal Abdel Nasser as the Egyptian president. The UAR was a member of the United Arab States, a loose confederation with the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, which was dissolved in 1961. It was a brief pan-Arab union.
Cladophora
Cladophora is a genus of branching filamentous green algae in the class Ulvophyceae. They may be referred to as reticulated algae, branching algae, or blanket weed. The genus has a worldwide distribution, mainly found in marine or brackish waters; a few species are found in freshwater. It is harvested for use as a food and medicine.

Marimo
Marimo (also known as Cladophora ball, moss ball, moss ball pet, or lake ball) is a rare growth form of Aegagropila brownii (a species of filamentous green algae) in which the algae grow into large green balls with a velvety appearance.

The species can be found in a number of lakes and rivers in Japan and Northern Europe. Colonies of marimo balls are known to form in Japan and Iceland, but their population has been declining.
ISO 3166-2:SD
ISO 3166-2:SD is the entry for Sudan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

Currently for Sudan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 18 states.

Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is SD, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Sudan. The second part is two letters.

States of Sudan
Below is a list of the 18 states of the Sudan (Arabic names are in parentheses). Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of the Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.
Hana Wirth-Nesher
Hana Wirth-Nesher (Hebrew: חנה וירת-נשר; born 2 March 1948) is an American-Israeli literary scholar and university professor. She is Professor of English and American Studies at Tel Aviv University, where she is also the Samuel L. and Perry Haber Chair on the Study of the Jewish Experience in the United States, and director of the Goldreich Family Institute for Yiddish Language, Literature, and Culture.

Specializing in the role of language, especially Yiddish, in expressing personal identity in Jewish American literature, she has written two books and many essays on American, English, and Jewish American writers. She is the editor of The Cambridge History of Jewish American Literature (2015) and the co-editor (with Michael P. Kramer) of The Cambridge Companion to Jewish American Literature (2003). She is the co-creator and academic co-director of the annual Yiddish summer program at Tel Aviv University.

Jewish American literature
Jewish American literature holds an essential place in the literary history of the United States. It encompasses traditions of writing in English, primarily, as well as in other languages, the most important of which has been Yiddish. While critics and authors generally acknowledge the notion of a distinctive corpus and practice of writing about Jewishness in America, many writers resist being pigeonholed as "Jewish voices." Also, many nominally Jewish writers cannot be considered representative of Jewish American literature, one example being Isaac Asimov. Modernism and speculative fiction are major focuses in post-Holocaust Jewish American literature.
Julius Hagen
Julius Hagen (1884–1940) was a German-born British film producer who produced more than a hundred films in Britain.

Hagen originally worked as a salesman for Ruffels Pictures. He then worked his way up to become a production manager in the British silent film industry before becoming an independent producer in 1927. From 1928, he took control of Twickenham Studios and became one of the most prolific and successful producers of Quota quickies. He later switched to making more prestigious films, but in 1937 he was forced into bankruptcy and lost control of Twickenham.

Hagen also directed a film, the 1928 adaptation of an Agatha Christie novel The Passing of Mr. Quinn.

Twickenham Film Studios
Twickenham Film Studios is a film studio in St Margarets, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, that is used by various motion picture and television companies. It was established in 1913 by Ralph Jupp on the site of a former ice rink. At the time of its original construction, it was the largest film studio in the United Kingdom.

In February 2012, it was announced that due to the studio going into administration, it would close before June, just a year before its centenary.  The studio was subsequently saved from closure, with a new owner acquiring the studio in August 2012.

The studios were acquired in February 2020 by The Creative District Improvement Co. with backing from British Airways Pension Fund and TIME + SPACE Studios as operator on a long lease to run the studios.
Laurie Zaks
Laurie Ann Zaks is an American television producer. She has been the President of Television at Mandeville Films since 2013. From 1981 to 1984, she worked at NBC's Saturday Night Live. She served as an executive producer on ABC's drama series Castle (2009–2013), and on the short-lived ABC drama series' Wicked City (2015) and The Family (2016). Her son is film composer Zachary "Zach" Robinson.

Wicked City (2015 TV series)
Wicked City is an American procedural drama television series created by Steven Baigelman for the broadcast network ABC. The series aired from October 27, 2015, to December 15, 2015. and focused on two LAPD detectives (Jeremy Sisto and Gabriel Luna) as they search for a pair of romantically linked serial killers (Ed Westwick and Erika Christensen) terrorizing the Sunset Strip. The main cast also includes Taissa Farmiga, Karolina Wydra, Evan Ross, Anne Winters, and Jaime Ray Newman.

On November 13, 2015, after airing only three episodes, ABC announced Wicked City had been cancelled, pulling the series from its fall schedule and stopping production following the completion of the eighth episode. The remaining episodes were made available by Hulu on December 22, 2015, with the finale being released on December 30, 2015.
Fort Douglas (Canada)
Fort Douglas was the Selkirk Settlement (Red River Colony) fort and the first fort associated with the Hudson's Bay Company near the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers in today's city of Winnipeg.

Named for Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, founder of the Selkirk Settlement, the fort was in the immediate vicinity (down river) of the rivaling North West Company's Fort Gibraltar.

Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk
Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk FRS FRSE (20 June 1771 – 8 April 1820) was a Scottish landowner and philanthropist best known for sponsoring immigrant settlements in Canada at the Red River Colony.
John Kirkpatrick (pianist)
John Kirkpatrick (18 March 1905 – 8 November 1991) was an American classical pianist and music scholar, best known for championing the works of Charles Ives, Aaron Copland, Carl Ruggles, and Roy Harris. He gave the first complete public performance of Ives's Concord Sonata in 1939, which became a turning point in the composer's public recognition. Kirkpatrick played an important role in Ives scholarship, and he was leader in the Charles Ives Society. One important example is his role in the editing of Memos, which is a collection of Ives's autobiographical writings. At the time of his death Kirkpatrick was a professor emeritus at Yale University, where he had also been the curator of the Charles Ives archives.

Piano Sonata No. 2 (Ives)
The Piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass., 1840–60 (commonly known as the Concord Sonata) is a piano sonata by Charles Ives. It is one of the composer's best-known and most highly regarded pieces. A typical performance of the piece lasts around 45 minutes.
Ratcliffe Stadium
Ratcliffe Stadium is a collegiate athletic venue in the western United States, located on the campus of Fresno City College in Fresno, California.

Opened in October 9, 1926, it was renamed in 1941 after their first football coach, Emory Ratcliffe. The stadium hosted the Raisin Bowl (1946–1949) and was home to the Fresno State Bulldogs football team through 1979; they moved to their on-campus Bulldog Stadium in 1980.

Ratcliffe also hosted the West Coast Relays, a major track and field competition. Today, local high school football games and various track and field events are still held there. The stadium has a seating capacity of 13,000, and it is located at 1101 E. University Avenue, along Blackstone Avenue.

The football field has a conventional north-south alignment, at an elevation of 300 feet (90 m) above sea level.

Valley Children's Stadium
Valley Children's Stadium, also known as Jim Sweeney Field at Bulldog Stadium, is an outdoor college football stadium in the Western United States, located on the campus of California State University, Fresno, in Fresno, California. It is the home field of the Fresno State Bulldogs, who play in the Mountain West Conference.
Dendra
Dendra (Greek: Δενδρά) is a prehistoric archaeological site situated outside the village with the same name belonging to the municipality of Midea in the Argolid, Greece.

The site was inhabited during the Neolithic and Early Helladic periods, and is known for its Late Bronze Age cemetery. In the first half of the 20th century, the Swedish archaeologist Axel W. Persson excavated an unplundered tholos tomb and many Mycenaean chamber tombs, presumably belonging to the ruling classes of the nearby citadel of Midea. The finds from the site include the Dendra panoply, a set of Mycenaean bronze armour found in one of its chamber tombs, and the Dendra Octopus Cup from the tholos. From the Hellenistic into the Byzantine periods, it was the site of a village: local tradition recalled that it had once been known as "Sanga".

Axel W. Persson
Axel Waldemar Persson (1 June 1888 – 7 May 1951) was a Swedish archaeologist.
He was professor of classical archaeology and ancient history at Uppsala University and conducted excavations of sites in  Greece and   in Asia Minor.
Mhaw Kyauk Sar
Mhaw Kyauk Sar (Burmese: မှော်ကျောက်စာ), is a 2018 Burmese historical romantic drama film starring Myint Myat, Shwe Hmone Yati, Htun Htun, Thu Htoo San, Phyo Ngwe Soe and May Myint Mo. The film, produced by Myanmar Media 7 Film Production and premiered in Myanmar on October 5, 2018.

May Myint Mo
May Myint Mo (Burmese: မေမြင့်မိုရ်; born May Myint Mo Aung 11 May 1995) is a Burmese actress nurtured by MRTV-4. She gained widespread popularity after starring in the MRTV-4 series Pan Nu Thway (2013) and A Yake (2018). She has received Myanmar Academy Awards, for Best Supporting Actress in 2012 for her performance in Mone Khwint.
Cunninghamhead, Perceton and Annick Lodge
55°38′35″N 4°34′52″W﻿ / ﻿55.643°N 4.581°W﻿ / 55.643; -4.581
Cunninghamhead is a hamlet in North Ayrshire, Scotland. It was the centre of the lands of Cunninghamhead, Perceton and Annick Lodge in Cunninghame. This mainly rural area is noted for its milk and cheese production and the Ayrshire, Cunninghame or Dunlop breed of cattle.

Lambroughton
Lambroughton is a village in the old Barony of Kilmaurs, Scotland. This is a rural area famous for its milk and cheese production and the Ayrshire or Dunlop breed of cattle.

Although Kilmaurs is in the council area of East Ayrshire, Lambroughton is now in fact in North Ayrshire, part of a narrow finger of land included in that council area with the parish of Dreghorn.
Lynda Cornet
Lynda Ann Cornet (born 26 January 1962 in Leiden, South Holland) is a former international rower from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal in the Women's Eights at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, alongside Marieke van Drogenbroek, Harriet van Ettekoven, Greet Hellemans, Nicolette Hellemans, Martha Laurijsen, Catharina Neelissen, Anne Quist, and Wiljon Vaandrager.

Anne Quist
Johanne "Anne-Marie" Marie Quist (born 26 December 1957 in Nijmegen, Gelderland) is a former international rower from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal in the Women's Eights at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. Her teammates were Marieke van Drogenbroek, Lynda Cornet, Greet Hellemans, Nicolette Hellemans, Harriet van Ettekoven, Martha Laurijsen, Catharina Neelissen, and Wiljon Vaandrager.
Franklin County, Massachusetts
Franklin County is a nongovernmental county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 census, the population was 71,029, which made it the least populous county on the Massachusetts mainland, and the third least populous county in the state. Its traditional county seat and most populous city is Greenfield. Its largest town by area is New Salem. Franklin County comprises the Greenfield Town, MA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Springfield–Greenfield Town, MA Combined Statistical Area.

Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Hampshire County is a historical and judicial county located in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. As of the 2020 census, the population was 162,308. Its most populous municipality is Amherst (due to seasonal student population; the largest year-round is Northampton, which is also its traditional county seat), and its largest town in terms of landmass is Belchertown. The county is named after the county Hampshire, in England. Hampshire County is part of the Springfield, MA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Together with Hampden County, Hampshire County municipalities belong to the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission.
Blake Morgan
Blake Morgan is an American musician, singer, music producer, record label owner, and activist based in New York City. After releasing the alternative rock solo album Anger's Candy (1997) on Phil Ramone's N2K Sony/Red label, he began producing music independently and founded the label Engine Company Records in 2002, which in 2012 became ECR Music Group. He helps record, produce, mix, and/or master all music released by the label, which has included artists such as James McCartney, Lesley Gore, Janita, Mike Errico, Patti Rothberg, David Cloyd, Terry Manning, Tracy Bonham, and Grace McLean, to name a few. His albums Anger's Candy, Burning Daylight, Silencer, Diamonds in the Dark, and Violent Delights were positively received.

Silencer (Blake Morgan album)
Silencer is a 2006 acoustic album by American singer-songwriter Blake Morgan. It features Morgan on vocals and piano performing acoustic versions of both new and older material, dating back to 1996. A cover of "No Surprises" by Radiohead was also released as a digital bonus track.
Women in the Sun
Women in the Sun (Korean: 태양의 여자; RR: Taeyangui yeoja) is a 2008 South Korean television series starring Kim Ji-soo, Lee Ha-na, Han Jae-suk and Jung Gyu-woon. It aired on KBS2 from May 28 to July 31, 2008, for 20 episodes.

Han Jae-suk
Han Jae-suk (Korean: 한재석; born August 12, 1973), born Han Sang-woo (한상우) is a South Korean actor. He has starred in several television series, notably All About Eve (2000), Four Sisters (2001), Glass Slippers (2002), The Great Ambition (Daemang, 2002), Women of the Sun (2008), and The Great Merchant (2010). Han has also ventured into the Chinese-language market, getting cast opposite Ruby Lin in Amor de Tarapaca (2004) and Cecilia Cheung in Speed Angels (2011).
Airey Neave
Lieutenant Colonel Airey Middleton Sheffield Neave, DSO, OBE, MC, TD (/ˈɛəri ˈniːv/) (23 January 1916 – 30 March 1979) was a British soldier, lawyer and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1953 until his assassination in 1979.

During the Second World War, Neave was the first British prisoner-of-war to succeed in escaping from Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle. On his return to England he worked with MI9 (Room 900) assisting escape and evasion lines in occupied Europe to help downed airmen evade German capture and return to Britain.  The escape lines helped about 7,000 British and American airmen and soldiers escape occupied Europe. After the war he served with the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg trials. He later became Conservative MP for Abingdon.

Neave was assassinated in a car bomb attack at the House of Commons; the Irish National Liberation Army claimed responsibility.

Oflag IV-C
Oflag IV-C, generally known as Colditz Castle, was a prominent German Army prisoner-of-war camp for captured Allied officers during World War II. Located in Colditz, Saxony, the camp operated within the medieval Colditz Castle, which overlooks the town. The word "Oflag" is an abbreviation of the German term Offizierslager, meaning "officers' camp". The camp held officers who were deemed escape risks or who had already attempted escape from other prison camps. Known for its seemingly impenetrable structure, Colditz Castle became a site of numerous escape attempts, some of which were successful, earning a reputation for the ingenuity and daring of its prisoners. The camp's history and the elaborate escape plans conceived there have been widely covered in postwar memoirs, books, and media. Today, Colditz Castle has become a popular tourist destination, with guided tours, exhibitions and a museum dedicated to the prisoners' lives.
Nicole Galland
Nicole Galland is an American novelist, initially known for her historical fiction. She has written The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O. in collaboration with Neal Stephenson. She wrote the contemporary comedic novel Stepdog. Under the name E.D. deBirmingham she wrote Siege Perilous, the fifth novel of the Mongoliad cycle.

The Mongoliad
The Mongoliad is a collaborative work of transmedia historical adventure fiction by a group known as the Subutai Corporation which was founded by Neal Stephenson and others. Set in the Foreworld Saga, the story was originally released in a serialized format online, and via a series of iOS and Android apps from 2010 until 2012. It was restructured and re-edited for a definitive edition published by 47North in multiple volumes in 2012 as The Mongoliad. Fan-submitted Foreworld stories were published via Amazon's Kindle Worlds imprint starting in 2013.
Tomislav Brkić
Tomislav Brkić ([tǒmislaʋ bř̩ːkitɕ]; born 9 March 1990) is a Bosnian professional tennis player. Brkić achieved a career-high in doubles of World No. 40 on 17 January 2022. He has won two ATP doubles titles one with Nikola Ćaćić and one with Francisco Cabral. He is currently the captain and a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Davis Cup team.

Nikola Ćaćić
Nikola Ćaćić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Ћаћић, pronounced [nǐkola t͡ɕât͡ɕit͡ɕ]; born 7 December 1990) is a Serbian former professional tennis player. He has a career-high ranking of World No. 35 in doubles achieved on 8 November 2021. He has won three doubles titles in the ATP Tour, four doubles titles in the ATP Challenger Tour, and five singles and 32 doubles titles in ITF Futures tournaments.
Cassim Saloojee
Ebrahim "Cassim" Saloojee (7 May 1935 – 1 February 2009) was a South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist. During apartheid, he was the treasurer of the United Democratic Front, a defendant in the Pietermaritzburg Treason Trial, and later the president of the Transvaal Indian Congress. He represented the African National Congress in the National Assembly from 1994 until his death in 2009.

Transvaal Indian Congress
The Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) was a political organisation established in 1903 to fight discrimination against Indians in the Transvaal Colony, and later the Transvaal Province, of South Africa. Founded in 1903 as the Transvaal British Indian Association, it was a member of the South African Indian Congress alongside its elder and larger sibling, the Natal Indian Congress. It fell dormant after the end of apartheid in 1994.
USCGC Katmai Bay
USCGC Katmai Bay (WTGB-101) is a United States Coast Guard Cutter, and the lead ship of the Bay-class of icebreaking tugboats.  At 140 ft (43 m), she is designed to have greater multi-mission capabilities than the 110' Calumet-class Harbor Tug (WYTM). She is homeported in Sault Ste Marie, Michigan, operating in support of the much larger USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30).

USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30)
USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) is a 240-foot (73 m) multi-purpose vessel with a primary mission as a heavy Great Lakes icebreaker specifically built for operations on the North American Great Lakes for the United States Coast Guard. Her IMO number is 9271054.

Her larger precursor, the USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83), IMO number 6119534, had a 62-year career on the same waters prior to being decommissioned on June 10, 2006, and turned into a museum ship docked in Mackinaw City, Michigan.

Among the missions the current Mackinaw is capable of and tasked with as needed is buoy tending, law enforcement and interdiction, search and rescue, and environmental remediation response.
This Hell
"This Hell" is a song by Japanese singer Rina Sawayama from her second studio album, Hold the Girl (2022). It was released through Dirty Hit on 18 May 2022 as the lead single from the album. A country pop, alt-pop, and soft rock tune with a synth-rock groove and glam rock influences, "This Hell" was written by Sawayama, Paul Epworth, Vic Jamieson, and Lauren Aquilina, and produced by Clarence Clarity and Epworth.

Rina Sawayama
Rina Sawayama (Japanese: リナ・サワヤマ; born 16 August 1990) is a Japanese-British singer, actress, and model. Born in Niigata, Japan, she emigrated to London with her parents at the age of five. In 2017, she self-released her debut extended play, Rina. After signing to Dirty Hit in 2020, she released her debut studio album, Sawayama, to critical acclaim. Her second studio album, Hold the Girl, was released on 16 September 2022. Known for her musical versatility, and integration of feminism into her craft, Sawayama has also modelled for fashion campaigns, and made her film acting debut in the action film John Wick: Chapter 4 (2023).