hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
East Aleppo offensive (2024–2025)
The East Aleppo offensive was an operation launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in December 2024 against the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army (SNA) to secure territory that was lost during the Manbij offensive and to advance from Dayr Hafir into the Tishrin Dam area. The fighting took place in the context of the Turkish offensive in northern Syria and was part of the longer term conflict between Turkey (and its local allies) and the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES), occurring in the aftermath of the fall of the Assad regime. The fighting resulted in the SDF securing the Qara Qozak bridge spanning across the Euphrates, and the Tishrin Dam and its surrounding areas. The dam and other areas were supposed to be jointly controlled by the Syrian transitional government (STG) and the SDF, following the 10 March agreement. However, as of May 2025, there have been delays in implementing the agreement and the dam is still under sole SDF control.

Manbij offensive (2024)
The Manbij offensive was a military campaign launched by the pro-Turkish Syrian National Army (SNA) and the Turkish Air Force against Syrian Democratic Forces positions in Manbij lasting from 6 to 11 December 2024. It was a part of Operation Dawn of Freedom in the Turkish–Syrian National Army offensive in Northern Syria (2024–2025), and occurred concurrently with the Deir ez-Zor offensive and the wider Syrian opposition offensives. The SDF withdrew their troops on 12 December after five days of conflict following a US-brokered ceasefire agreement.
Ankara Opera House
Ankara Opera House (Turkish: Opera Sahnesi) of the Turkish State Opera and Ballet, also called the Grand Theater, is the first and only Opera House of Ankara, located in the Altındağ district along Atatürk Boulevard.

The building was originally designed by the Turkish architect Şevki Balmumcu as an exhibition center, who came first in an international competition for the project in 1933. It was later converted into an opera house by the German architect Paul Bonatz, and started serving this function on April 2, 1948.

Paul Bonatz
Paul Bonatz (6 December 1877 – 20 December 1956) was a German architect, member of the Stuttgart School and professor at the technical university in that city during part of World War II, and from 1954 until his death. He worked in many styles, but most often in a simplified neo-Romanesque, and designed important public buildings both in the Weimar Republic and under the Third Reich, including major bridges for the new autobahns.  In 1943 he designed several buildings in Turkey, returning to Stuttgart in 1954.
Christianity in Shandong
Christianity is a minority religion in Shandong province of China. Christianity in Henan, Christianity in Anhui and Christianity in Jiangsu are other major provincial Christian populations.
Cheeloo University is defunct. St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao and Sacred Heart Cathedral (Jinan) are churches of European style. Another European-style church is due to be built in Qufu, where Confucius originated. This idea was or is opposed by Confucianist groups. 
There is official action against house churches.

Christianity in Henan
Henan province of China has one of the largest Christian populations of East Asia. There are believed to be several million Christians in Henan, most of them attending Chinese house churches. Henan is thought to have one of the most significant proportions of Christians of any Chinese province. Henan has one of the largest Protestant populations of the country. Many Protestants of Henan live in rural areas. On August 6, 2004, a hundred house church members were arrested in Henan. During the Boxer Rebellion, Christians were killed in Henan. The Henan Mission, up to 1925 of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, was founded in 1888.
The Shouters are active in the province.
There is persecution of Christians.
Bishop Li Hongye was arrested in Luoyang in 2001. A Henan Bible School exists.
PPRU-1
The PPRU-1 "Ovod-M-SV" (Russian: ППРУ-1 «Овод-М-СВ», GRAU designation: 9S80, NATO reporting name: Dog Ear) is a Soviet/Russian mobile reconnaissance and command center (MRCC) designed for tactical air defence units. It serves as the primary command post for the air defence commander of a motorized rifle or tank regiment, integrating and controlling various short-range air defence systems.

It was notable at the time of its introduction for being the first air defence command post in the USSR, and one of the first globally, capable of operating its radar and managing targets while on the move (a "heavy track" capability).

2K22 Tunguska
The 2K22 Tunguska (Russian: 2К22 "Тунгуска") is a Soviet tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft gun armed with a surface-to-air gun and missile system. It is designed to provide day and night protection for infantry and tank regiments against low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and cruise missiles in all weather conditions. The NATO reporting name for the missile used by the weapon system is SA-19 "Grison".
Good and evil
In philosophy, religion, and psychology, "good and evil" is a common dichotomy. In religions with Manichaean and Abrahamic influence, evil is perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good, in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated.

Evil is often used to denote profound immorality. Evil has also been described as a supernatural force. Definitions of evil vary, as does the analysis of its motives. However, elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving expediency, selfishness, ignorance, or negligence.

The principal study of good and evil (or morality) is ethics, of which there are three major branches: normative ethics concerning how we ought to behave, applied ethics concerning particular moral issues, and metaethics concerning the nature of morality itself.

Good
In most contexts, the concept of good denotes the conduct that should be preferred when posed with a choice between possible actions. Good is generally considered to be the opposite of evil. The specific meaning and etymology of the term and its associated translations among ancient and contemporary languages show substantial variation in its inflection and meaning, depending on circumstances of place and history, or of philosophical or religious context.
Teo Chee Kang
Teo Chee Kang (Chinese: 張志剛; pinyin: Zhāng Zhìgāng; Jyutping: Zoeng1 Zi3 Gong1; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiuⁿ Chì-kong) is a Malaysian politician from Liberal Democratic Party. He was the President of LDP from 2014 to 2018 and the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Tanjong Kapor from 2008 to 2018.

Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)
The Liberal Democratic Party or well known as Liberal Democratic Party of Sabah (Malay: Parti Liberal Demokratik, or Parti Liberal Demokratik Sabah; abbrev: LDP, or LDP Sabah) is a Sabah-based political party founded in the town of Tawau by Hiew Min Kong in 1989. The party has been part of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) since April 2023.

The party is considered a minor political party in Malaysia, having its base mainly in Sabah. It has had no representation in either the Dewan Rakyat or the Sabah Legislative Assembly since its then-president Liew Vui Keong was defeated in Sandakan during the 2013 general election.

It left the Barisan Nasional coalition in 2018 following that year's general election.
Tausug language
Tausūg (Bahasa Sūg, بَهَسَ سُوْغْ, Filipino: Bahása Sug, Malay: Bahasa Suluk, بهاس سولوق, lit. 'Language of Sulu/the Tausūg people') is an Austronesian language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines and in the eastern area of the state of Sabah, Malaysia. It is widely spoken in the Sulu Archipelago (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and Basilan), the Zamboanga Peninsula (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga City), southern Palawan, Malaysia (eastern Sabah), and Indonesia (Tarakan City and Nunukan Regency, province of North Kalimantan).

Tausūg has some lexical similarities or near similarities with Surigaonon language of the provinces Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, and Agusan del Sur and with the Butuanon language of Agusan del Norte; it has also some vocabulary similarities with Sugbuanon, Bicolano, and with other Philippine languages. Many Malay and Arabic words are found in Tausug language.

Zamboanga Sibugay
Zamboanga Sibugay, officially the Province of Zamboanga Sibugay (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Zamboanga Sibugay; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Zamboanga Sibugay), is a province in the Philippines located in the Zamboanga Peninsula region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest town is Ipil and it borders Zamboanga del Norte to the north, Zamboanga del Sur to the east and Zamboanga City to the southwest. To the south lies Sibuguey Bay in the Moro Gulf.

Zamboanga Sibugay is the 79th province created in the Philippines, when its territories were carved out from the third district of Zamboanga del Sur in 2001.
Ginzō Matsuo
Ginzō Matsuo (松尾 銀三, Matsuo Ginzō; December 26, 1951 – August 25, 2001) was a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator who was born in Nakatsu, Oita, Japan as Kōichi Matsuo (松尾廣一, Matsuo Kōichi). He was part of Aoni Production at the time of his death, but he established Gin Production in 1997. He was most known for the roles of Hemu-Hemu (Nintama Rantarō) and Ginnosuke Nohara (Crayon Shin-chan).

On August 25, 2001, he died from acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, aged 49.

His final roles were Captain Smoker in One Piece, Biff in s-CRY-ed and Taizo Kotobuki in Super GALS!.

Nintama Rantarō
Nintama Rantarō (忍たま乱太郎; "Rantarō the Ninja Boy") is a Japanese anime series produced by Ajia-do Animation Works and Japanese broadcast on NHK since April 10, 1993. It is an adaptation of the manga series Rakudai Ninja Rantarō, written and illustrated by Sōbe Amako. Nintama Rantarō centers on the title character and his friends as they attend a school for budding ninjas. Like the manga on which it is based, there is a considerable amount of anachronisms for comedic purposes; for example, the titular character Rantarō is bespectacled. The anime also references other Japanese media personalities such as Ken Shimura. The series is currently the longest-running anime on NHK. The official English title is Ninjaboy Rantaro.

In July 2011, a live action film version directed by Takashi Miike titled Ninja Kids!!! was released. A sequel was released on July 6, 2013, called Ninja Kids!!! Summer Mission Impossible! (忍たま乱太郎 夏休み宿題大作戦! の段, Nintama Rantarô Natsuyasumi Shukudai Daisakusen! no Dan).
West Coast University
West Coast University (WCU) is a private, for-profit university focused on healthcare degrees with campus locations in Los Angeles, Anaheim, and Ontario, California; Richardson, Texas; and Miami, Florida. David Pyle founded American Career College in 1979 under the name of American College of Optics. Originally the school focused only on optical dispensing. In May 1997, Pyle purchased West Coast University, which was chartered by the State of California in 1909, out of bankruptcy, and developed a program for the training of registered nurses.

Ontario, California
Ontario is a city in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States, 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles (37 km) west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, it lies just east of Los Angeles County and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 175,265.

The city is home to Ontario International Airport, which is the 8th-busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried, as of 2026. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country.

It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers, William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario, Canada's most populous province.
Des Moines County, Iowa
Des Moines County is located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 38,910, and was estimated to be 38,411 in 2024. The county seat and largest city is Burlington. It is one of Iowa's two original counties along with Dubuque County; both were organized by the Michigan Territorial legislature in 1834. Des Moines County is part of the Burlington micropolitan statistical area.

Des Moines County sits on Iowa's eastern border alongside the Mississippi River. The city of Des Moines is in Polk County in central Iowa. Both places derive their name from the Des Moines River, which flows through the city of Des Moines and originally flowed through the county. When the county was divided early in Iowa's history, the river ended up further west, forming the border between Lee County, Iowa and the state of Missouri.

Dubuque County, Iowa
Dubuque County is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 99,266, and was estimated to be 99,242 in 2024, making it the ninth-most populous county in Iowa. The county seat is Dubuque. The county is named for Julien Dubuque, the first European settler of Iowa. Dubuque County comprises the Dubuque, IA Metropolitan statistical area.
Veitatei
Veitatei (previously Patiki-enua-o-Rangi) is one of the six traditional districts of the island of Mangaia in the Cook Islands. It is located in the south of the island, to the east of the District of Kei'a and west of the District of Tamarua. The district was traditionally divided into 6 tapere:

Te-noki

Te-tuaroa (Te-tukono)

Te-tuapoto

Te-tarapiki

Kaikatu

Angarino

Tamarua
Tamarua (previously Mangonui) is one of the six traditional districts of the island of Mangaia, which is part of the Cook Islands archipelago. Tamarua is located in the southeast of Mangaia, to the south of the District of Ivirua and east of the District of Veitatei. The district was traditionally divided into 9 tapere:

Maru-kore

Poutoa-i-uta

Poutoa-i-miri

Akaea

Te-vai-kao

Angauru (Autaki)

Vaitangi (Pukuotoi)

Te-vai-taeta-i-uta

Te-vai-taeta-i-tai
Am Rothenbaum
Am Rothenbaum is the site of the main tennis court of the German Open Tennis Championships, played in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg, Germany. Though the site is called "Tennisstadion am Rothenbaum" (lit. Tennis Stadium at the Rothenbaum), it is today officially located in the Harvestehude quarter of Hamburg.

Harvestehude
Harvestehude (German pronunciation: [ˌhaʁvɛstəˈhuːdə] ⓘ; Hamburgisch: Harvstehuud) is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, in the borough of Eimsbüttel. It is located on the eastern boundaries of the borough near lake Außenalster.
Laura Zeng
Laura Yihan Zeng (Chinese: 曽昳晗; Zeng Yi-Han; born October 14, 1999) is an American former individual rhythmic gymnast. She represented the United States at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics. She swept all of the events at the 2015 Pan American Games and at the 2018 Pan American Championships. She is the 2014 Youth Olympic and 2019 Summer Universiade all-around bronze medalist and the 2019 Grand Prix Final hoop bronze medalist.

On national level, she is an eight-time US national all-around champion, six times at the senior level (2015–19, 2021) and twice at the junior level (2013–14).

Jasmine Kerber
Jasmine "Jazzy" Kerber (born December 4, 1996) is a retired American individual rhythmic gymnast. She is the 2015 Pan American Games All-around silver medalist. At the National level, she is the 2014 US National champion and 2015, 2013, 2012 US National silver medalist.
Stuart Street, Dunedin
Stuart Street is one of the main streets of Dunedin, New Zealand. As with many of Dunedin's streets, it is named after a main street in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Stuart Street runs orthogonally to the city's main business district of George and Princes Streets, meeting them at The Octagon, the city's centre, where it is briefly interrupted by the Octagon itself. This divides Stuart Street into two separate streets, Upper Stuart Street and Lower Stuart Street.

Allied Media
Allied Media (formerly Allied Press) is an independent New Zealand media and publishing company based in Dunedin. The company's main asset is the Otago Daily Times, New Zealand's oldest daily newspaper. Allied Press has a number of other daily and community newspapers and  commercial printing operations throughout the South Island including the Canterbury–based media company Star Media. It also formerly operated Dunedin's regional television station, Channel 39. In July 2025, it began trading as Allied Media, combining both Allied Press and Star Media under one brand.
2004 Senior British Open Championship
The 2004 Senior British Open Championship, for sponsorship reasons named Senior British Open Championship presented by MasterCard, was a senior major golf championship and the 18th Senior British Open Championship, held from 22 to 25 July at Royal Portrush Golf Club in Portrush, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. It was the second Senior British Open Championship played as a senior major championship.

Pete Oakley won by one stroke over Tom Kite and Eduardo Romero to win his first Senior British Open title and his first senior major championship victory.

Graham Marsh, who finished tied ninth, became the first player on the four main golf tours (PGA Tour, PGA European Tour, PGA Tour Champions or the Legends Tour) to ace the same hole twice in a tournament, when he had a hole-in-one on the 170-yard 11th hole in the third round with an 8-iron, as well as with a 9-iron in the first round.

Pete Oakley
Peter Hal Oakley (born June 28, 1949) is an American professional golfer best known for winning the 2004 Senior British Open, one of the major championships in senior men's professional golf. He is the younger brother of golfer David Oakley.
A71 road
The A71 is a major road in Scotland linking Edinburgh with Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. It adjoins the Livingston Bypass A899.

It runs south west from Edinburgh for approximately 70 miles, through Saughton, Wilkieston and south of Livingston, Whitburn and Wishaw, then by way of Overtown, Garrion Bridge, Stonehouse, Strathaven, Darvel, Newmilns, Galston, Hurlford and Kilmarnock to Irvine on the North Ayrshire coast.

Formerly a trunk route from the east to the west coast of Scotland it has since been downgraded to a mix of primary and secondary routes. From Edinburgh to Darvel, it is now a secondary route, in a poor state of repair in some places. But, from Darvel to Irvine, it has retained its primary route status.

Garrion Bridge
Garrion Bridge is a small hamlet spanning the border between North Lanarkshire and South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located on the banks of the Clyde Valley, 18 miles (29 km) south-east of Glasgow. The hamlet is most commonly associated with the nearby town of Wishaw.
Wild Is the Wind (1957 film)
Wild is the Wind is a 1957 American drama film directed by George Cukor and starring Anna Magnani, Anthony Quinn, and Anthony Franciosa. It tells the story of an American rancher who, after his wife dies, goes to Italy to marry her sister, but finds that she falls in love with his young ranch hand.

The screenplay was adapted by Arnold Schulman from the 1947 Italian film Fury, which was in turn loosely based on Giovanni Verga's novella La Lupa. The title song, "Wild Is the Wind", was performed by Johnny Mathis.
The Italian title was 'Selvaggio è il vento', literal translation of the original English.

Arnold Schulman
Arnold Schulman (August 11, 1925 – February 4, 2023) was an American playwright, screenwriter, producer, songwriter and novelist. He was a stage actor long associated with the American Theatre Wing and the Actors Studio.
World Constitution Coordinating Committee
The World Constitution Coordinating Committee (WCCC) was an international committee led by Thane Read to build widespread support for the development and establishment of a World constitution. It was officially established in 1962. It was formed to address the mounting concern over the threat of atomic war and the pressing need for global peace and cooperation via establishing a World Federation governed by mutually constituted world law.

Thane Read
William Thane Read (29 June 1912 – 23 October 1996) was an American advocate for global peace. He was a descendant of George Read, Founding Father of the United States and best known for his leadership in leading the World Constitution Coordinating Committee (WCCC), which built widespread support for the development and establishment of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth by calling the World Constitutional Convention.
Ulvhild Håkansdotter
Ulvhild Håkansdotter (Swedish: Ulfhild; c. 1095 – c. 1148) was twice Queen of Sweden (c. 1117–25 and c. 1134–48) and once Queen of Denmark (c. 1130–34) through her successive marriages to Inge II of Sweden, Niels of Denmark, and Sverker I of Sweden. Ulvhild had an important role in the Nordic dynastic connections of her time, but the sources are insufficient on detailed circumstances. She is mentioned as a femme fatale of medieval Scandinavia, as well as a benefactor of the Catholic Church.

Margaret Fredkulla
Margaret Fredkulla (Swedish: Margareta Fredkulla; Danish: Margrete Fredkulla; Norwegian: Margrete Fredkolla; 1080s – 4 November 1130) was a Swedish princess who became successively queen of Norway and Denmark by marriage to kings Magnus III of Norway and Niels of Denmark. She was also de facto regent of Denmark.
West Croydon station
West Croydon is a multi-modal interchange station located in Croydon, South London. It is a southern terminus of the Windrush line of the London Overground, and is also served by National Rail services operated by Southern. The station also includes a tram stop on the London Trams network and a bus station. On the National Rail network it is 10 miles 35 chains (10.44 miles, 16.80 km) measured from London Bridge. It is in London fare zone 5.

Sutton railway station (London)
Sutton railway station (sometimes referred to as Sutton (Surrey) on tickets and timetables) is in the London Borough of Sutton in South London and is the main station serving the town of Sutton. It is served by Southern and Thameslink trains, and lies in London fare zone 5, 14 miles 75 chains (14.94 miles, 24.04 km) down the line from London Bridge, measured via Forest Hill.
Iodoacetamide
Iodoacetamide (IAA) is an organic compound with the chemical formula ICH2CONH2. It is an alkylating agent used for peptide mapping purposes. Its actions are similar to those of iodoacetate. It is commonly used to bind covalently with the thiol group of cysteine so the protein cannot form disulfide bonds. It is also used in ubiquitin studies as an inhibitor of deubiquitinase enzymes (DUBs) because it alkylates the cysteine residues at the DUB active site.

Iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula ICH2CO2H. It is a derivative of acetic acid. It is a toxic compound, because, like many alkyl halides, it is an alkylating agent.

It reacts with cysteine residues in proteins. It is often used to modify −SH groups to prevent the re-formation of disulfide bonds after the reduction of cystine residues to cysteine during protein sequencing.

In 1929, Dr. Einar Lundsgaard (1899-1968) discovered that muscle poisoned in vitro with iodoacetic acid is unable to produce lactate as glycolysis from muscle glycogen is blocked, causing the muscle to result in an electrically silent contracture. It was remembering this discovery, that lead Dr. Brian McArdle in 1951, to speculate that one of his patients that had electromyographically silent muscle contractures brought on by high-intensity aerobic activity and anaerobic activity must have a defective muscle glycogen mechanism.