hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Iodine value
In chemistry, the iodine value (IV; also iodine absorption value, iodine number or iodine index) is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes. In fatty acids, unsaturation occurs mainly as double bonds which are very reactive towards halogens, the iodine in this case. Thus, the higher the iodine value, the more unsaturations are present in the fat. It can be seen from the table that coconut oil is very saturated, which means it is good for making soap. On the other hand, linseed oil is highly unsaturated, which makes it a drying oil, well suited for making oil paints.

Saponification value
Saponification value or saponification number (SV or SN)  represents the number of milligrams of  potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) required to saponify one gram of fat under the conditions specified. It is a measure of the average molecular weight (or chain length) of all the fatty acids present in the sample in form of triglycerides. The higher the saponification value, the lower the fatty acids average length, the lighter the mean molecular weight of triglycerides and vice versa. Practically, fats or oils with high saponification value (such as coconut and palm oil) are more suitable for soap making.
Lenzburg Castle
Lenzburg Castle (German: Schloss Lenzburg) is a castle located above the old part of the town of Lenzburg in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It ranks among the oldest and most important of Switzerland. The castle stands on the almost circular castle hill (altitude: 504 m), which rises approximately 100 m (330 ft) over the surrounding plain but is only about 250 m (820 ft) in diameter. The oldest parts of the castle date to the 11th century, when the Counts of Lenzburg built it as their seat. The castle, its historical museum and the castle hill with its Neolithic burial grounds are listed as heritage sites of national significance.

Lenzburg
Lenzburg is a town in the central region of the Swiss canton of Aargau and is the capital of the Lenzburg District. The town, founded in the Middle Ages, lies in the Seetal valley, about 3 kilometres south of the Aare river. Lenzburg and the neighbouring municipalities of Niederlenz and Staufen have grown together in an agglomeration.
Loot (1970 film)
Loot is a 1970 British comedy film directed by Silvio Narizzano starring Richard Attenborough, Lee Remick, Hywel Bennett, Milo O'Shea and Roy Holder. The screenplay was by Ray Galton and Alan Simpson based on the 1965 play Loot by Joe Orton. It was entered into the 1971 Cannes Film Festival.

Hywel Bennett
Hywel Thomas Bennett (8 April 1944 – 24 July 2017) was a Welsh film and television actor. He had a lead role in  The Family Way (1966) and played the "thinking man's layabout" James Shelley in the television sitcom Shelley (1979–1992).

Bennett played opposite Hayley Mills in The Family Way, Twisted Nerve (1968) and Endless Night (1972). Other notable film roles include Private Brigg in the comedy The Virgin Soldiers (1969), Dennis in Loot (1970) and Edwin Antony in Percy (1971). Bennett's character, Ricki Tarr, was pivotal in the BBC serial adaptation of John le Carré's Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (1979). In later years, he was often cast in villainous roles including Mr Croup in Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere (1996), Peter Baxter in ITV police drama The Bill (2002) and crime boss Jack Dalton in EastEnders (2003).
Vetle Vinje
Vetle Vinje (born 14 March 1962) is a Norwegian competition rower and Olympic medalist.

He competed in the men's coxed pair event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He received a silver medal in quadruple sculls at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, together with Alf Hansen, Rolf Thorsen, and Lars Bjønness. Vinje received a silver medal in quadruple sculls in the 1987 world championships, with the same team.

He represented the club Bærum RK. He is a son of Finn-Erik Vinje and is married to politician Kristin Vinje.

Vinje has a cand.scient. degree from 1989 and a dr.scient. degree from 1999, both in geophysics, from the University of Oslo.

Alf Hansen
Alf John Hansen (born 13 July 1948) is a retired rower from Norway. Early in his career, he received two Norwegian sport awards shared with his brother Frank. Towards the end of his career in 1990, he was the inaugural recipient of the Thomas Keller Medal, the highest honour in rowing. His international rowing career spanned more than two decades.
Jōhana, Toyama
Jōhana (城端町, Jōhana-machi) was a town located in Higashitonami District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,658 and a population density of 148.52 persons per km2. The total area was 65.03 km2.

Jōhana is a town that developed around Zentokuji Temple.Zentokuji Temple, along with Zuisenji Temple, was the representative temple of Ōtani-ha within Etchū Province.

On November 1, 2004, Jōhana, along with the towns of Fukuno and Inami, the villages of Inokuchi, Kamitaira, Taira and Toga (all from Higashitonami District), and the town of Fukumitsu (from Nishitonami District), was merged to create the city of Nanto.

The town in the anime True Tears is modeled after Jōhana.

Inami, Toyama
Inami (井波町, Inami-machi) was a town located in Higashitonami District, 
Toyama Prefecture, Japan. In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,972 and a density of 380.61 persons per km2. The total area was 26.20 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Inami, along with the towns of Fukuno and Jōhana, the villages of Inokuchi, Kamitaira, Taira and Toga (all from the 12th District), and the town of Fukumitsu (from the 5th District), merged to create the city of Nanto.
Varese FC
Varese Football Club, or simply Varese FC or Varese, is a football club based in Varese, Lombardy, Italy. The club was founded in 2019 as ASD Città di Varese by three fans, following the dissolution of Varese Calcio, and won the Terza Categoria in their debut season. In 2020, the club merged with Busto 81 and gained the right to play in the 2020–21 Serie D Group A. They changed their name back to Varese FC in 2025.

Varese
Varese (UK: /vəˈreɪzeɪ, -zi/ və-RAY-zay, -⁠zee, US: /vɑːˈreɪseɪ/ var-AY-say; Italian: [vaˈreːze] ⓘ or [vaˈreːse]; Varesino: Varés [ʋaˈreːs]; Latin: Baretium; archaic German: Väris) is a city and comune in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 55 km (34 mi) north-west of Milan. The population of Varese in 2018 was 80,559.

It is the capital of the Province of Varese. The hinterland or exurban part of the city is called Varesotto.
Franz Ullrich
Franz Ullrich (22 July 1830 – 21 December 1891) was a German industrialist, inventor, vineyard owner, entrepreneur, and co-founder of the enamelling factory Gebrüder Ullrich in the town of Maikammer, Germany.

Together with his brother Anton Ullrich, he developed a patent for a joint spring lock in folding rulers, which enabled measurements in horizontal and vertical positions without the rulers collapsing. His son, Gustav Ullrich, later became a prominent entrepreneur.

Maikammer
Maikammer (Palatine German: Maikomma) is a municipality in the Südliche Weinstraße district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the German Wine Route, approx. 5 km south of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Maikammer is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Maikammer.
California chaparral and woodlands
The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of southwestern Oregon, northern, central, and southern California (United States) and northwestern Baja California (Mexico), located on the west coast of North America. It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, and part of the Nearctic realm.

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub is a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. The biome is generally characterized by dry summers and rainy winters, although in some areas rainfall may be uniform. Summers are typically hot in low-lying inland locations, but can be cool near colder seas; while winters are typically mild to cool in low-lying locations, but can be cold in inland and higher locations. These ecoregions are highly distinctive, collectively harboring 10% of the Earth's plant species.
Mille-Marie Treschow
Mille-Marie Treschow (3 April 1954 – 29 September 2018) was a Norwegian landlord and  businessperson. She was known for her previous marriage to Stein Erik Hagen, well known as "Rimi-Hagen", being the former owner of the Rimi chain of low-cost discount stores.

Stein Erik Hagen
Stein Erik Hagen (born 22 July 1956) is a Norwegian businessman. He is chairman of Orkla, where he is a major shareholder, and holds large stakes in Steen & Strøm, Jernia and Komplett through his family company Canica. According to Forbes, Hagen is worth US$2.1 billion, making him the sixth richest person in Norway.
Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24
"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" is an instrumental medley of "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" and "Carol of the Bells", first released on the Savatage album Dead Winter Dead in 1995 as "Christmas Eve (Sarajevo 12/24)". It was re-released by the Trans-Siberian Orchestra, a side project of several Savatage members, on their 1996 debut album Christmas Eve and Other Stories.  The piece describes a lone cello player (based on Vedran Smailović) playing a forgotten Christmas carol in war-torn Sarajevo.

Vedran Smailović
Vedran Smailović (born 11 November 1956), known as the "Cellist of Sarajevo", is a Bosnian musician. During the siege of Sarajevo, he played Albinoni's Adagio in G minor in ruined buildings, and, often under the threat of snipers, he played during funerals. His bravery inspired musical numbers and the novel The Cellist of Sarajevo by Steven Galloway. He moved to  Northern Ireland and is a composer, conductor, and performer. His playing of the Albinoni Adagio was introduced in a book called "A Story Like the Wind".
Hong Kong Gold Coast Hotel
Hong Kong Gold Coast Hotel is a five-star hotel and conference centre at 1 Castle Peak Road, So Kwun Wat, Tuen Mun District, New Territories, Hong Kong. The hotel is part of the Hong Kong Gold Coast, which was developed by the Sino Group and completed in 1993, offering a total of 453 guest rooms. Besides the hotel, the area includes a yacht club, country club, marina, shopping mall and residential buildings.

Hong Kong Gold Coast
Hong Kong Gold Coast is a private housing estate served by Castle Peak Road, near Castle Peak Bay, in So Kwun Wat, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong. Developed by Sino Group, it includes 20 residential buildings completed in two phases (in 1990 and 1993 respectively), a resort hotel, a shopping mall, a yacht and country club, a marina and a beach.
Hall of Transportation, Treasure Island
The Hall of Transportation, Treasure Island, on Treasure Island, California, also known as Building 2, was built in 1938 for the 1939-40 Golden Gate International Exposition. It served as the hall of transportation for the exposition. It was constructed with the idea that it would serve as an airplane hangar after the Exposition but it never did. It was designed in Moderne style by architects William Peyton Day and George William Kelham.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Treasure Island, San Francisco
Treasure Island is a man-made island in San Francisco Bay, and a neighborhood in the City and County of San Francisco. Built in 1936–37 for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition, the island was named by Clyde Milner Vandeburg, part of the Fair's public relations team.: 8  Its World's Fair site is a California Historical Landmark. Buildings there have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the historical Naval Station Treasure Island, an auxiliary air facility (for airships, blimps, dirigibles, planes and seaplanes), are designated in the Geographic Names Information System. Treasure Island is connected to Yerba Buena Island, another (natural) auxiliary island of San Francisco, by a causeway, creating access to Interstate 80.
Jake Turx
Avraham Yaakov Tarkieltaub (born 1986/1987) is an American journalist and humorist who writes under the pen name Turx. The senior White House correspondent and chief political correspondent formerly for Ami magazine and now for Mishpacha, he is currently a political contributor at Newsmax.

The first Hasidic Jew to become a member of the White House press corps, Turx received international media coverage on February 16, 2017, after posing a question regarding anti-Semitism to President Donald Trump during a press conference.

Ami Magazine
Ami Magazine (Hebrew: עמי, lit. 'My people') is an international news magazine that caters to the Orthodox Jewish community. It is published weekly in New York and Israel. The magazine was launched in November 2010 by Rabbi Yitzchok Frankfurter (previously Torah Editor for Mishpacha) and his wife, Rechy Frankfurter (previously Mishpacha's American Desk Editor).
Coteau-du-Lac canal
Coteau-du-Lac Canal is an 18th-century military canal in Canada located at the junction of the Delisle and Saint Lawrence Rivers in Quebec. The canal was the first work of its kind in North America, and is a National Historic Site of Canada, which also includes the remains of a fort and reconstructed blockhouse. It is located in the town of Coteau-du-Lac in Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality.

Coteau-du-Lac
Coteau-du-Lac (French pronunciation: [kɔto dy lak]) is a small city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Regional County Municipality.

The name of the town comes from the French word coteau which means "slope" and from its location on the north shore of Lake Saint Francis. The National Historic Site of Canada of the Coteau-du-Lac canal is the location of the first canal lock system in North America. The city has an industrial park.

The population was 7,473 at the 2021 Canadian Census.
International Mathematical Olympiad selection process
This article describes the selection process, by country, for entrance into the International Mathematical Olympiad.

The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is an annual mathematics olympiad for students younger than 20 who have not started at university.

Each year, participating countries send at most 6 students. The selection process varies between countries, but typically involves several rounds of competition, each progressively more difficult, after which the number of candidates is repeatedly reduced until the final 6 are chosen.

Many countries also run training events for IMO potentials, with the aim of improving performance as well as assisting with team selection.

Nordic Mathematical Contest
The Nordic Mathematical Contest (NMC) is a mathematics competition for secondary school students from the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. It takes place every year in March or April and serves the double purpose of being a regional secondary school level mathematics competition for the Nordic region and a step in the process of selection of the teams of the participating countries for the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and the regional Baltic Way competition.
Elsa Schiaparelli
Elsa Schiaparelli (/ˌskæpəˈrɛli, ˌʃæp-/ SKAP-ə-REL-ee, SHAP-, US also /skiˌɑːp-/ skee-AHP-, Italian: [ˈɛlsa skjapaˈrɛlli]; 10 September 1890 – 13 November 1973) was an Italian fashion designer from an aristocratic background. She created the house of Schiaparelli in Paris in 1927, which she managed from the 1930s to the 1950s. Starting with knitwear, Schiaparelli's designs celebrated Surrealism and eccentric fashions. Her collections were famous for unconventional and artistic themes like the human body, insects, or trompe-l'œil, and for the use of bright colors like her "shocking pink".

Schiaparelli famously collaborated with Salvador Dalí and Jean Cocteau. Along with Coco Chanel, her greatest rival, she is regarded as one of the most prominent European figures in fashion between the two World Wars. Her clients included the heiress Daisy Fellowes and actress Mae West.

Trompe-l'œil
Trompe-l'œil (French for 'deceive the eye'; /trɒmpˈlɔɪ/ tromp-LOY; French: [tʁɔ̃p lœj] ⓘ) is an artistic technique that creates a highly realistic optical illusion of three-dimensional space and objects on a two-dimensional surface. Trompe-l'œil, which is most often associated with painting, tricks the viewer into perceiving painted objects or spaces as real. Forced perspective is a related illusion in architecture, and Op art a modern style mostly dealing with geometric patterns.
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse
Hélène Carrère d'Encausse (French pronunciation: [elɛn kaʁɛːʁ dɑ̃kos]; née Zourabichvili; 6 July 1929 – 5 August 2023) was a French political historian who specialised in Russian history. From 1999 until her death in 2023, she served as the Perpetual Secretary of the Académie Française, to which she was first elected in 1990.

Carrère d'Encausse was a member of the European Parliament between 1994 and 1999, representing the Gaullist-conservative party RPR. She was awarded the Lomonosov Gold Medal and Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland in 2008 and 2011, respectively. She was a cousin of Salome Zourabichvili, the current disputed President of Georgia. In 2023 she was awarded the Princess of Asturias Award in Social Sciences.

Lomonosov Gold Medal
The Lomonosov Gold Medal (Russian: Большая золотая медаль имени М. В. Ломоносова Bol'shaya zolotaya medal' imeni M. V. Lomonosova), named after Soviet / Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). Since 1967, two medals have been awarded annually: one to a Russian and one to a foreign scientist. It is the academy's highest accolade.
Ben Bailey
Benjamin Ray Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian best known as the host of the game show Cash Cab. He also does stand-up comedy, and as an actor has appeared in some films and television shows.

Cash Cab (American game show)
Cash Cab is an American game show that originally premiered in 2005 on the Discovery Channel, hosted by stand-up comedian Ben Bailey. It is part of the global Cash Cab franchise that originated in the United Kingdom.
Let's Eat 3
Let's Eat 3 (Korean: 식샤를 합시다 3; RR: Siksyareul hapsida 3) is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Yoon Doo-joon and Baek Jin-hee. This is the third season of 2013 Let's Eat series, with Yoon Doo-joon reprising his role as Goo Dae-young in both the first and second season. It aired on tvN from July 16 to August 28, 2018.

Let's Eat (TV series)
Let's Eat (Korean: 식샤를 합시다; RR: Siksyareul hapsida) is a 2013 South Korean television series starring Lee Soo-kyung, Yoon Doo-joon, Shim Hyung-tak and Yoon So-hee. It aired on tvN from November 28, 2013 to March 13, 2014 for 16 episodes. The series is about four single people who are brought together by their love of food.
Myles Moylan
Myles Moylan (December 17, 1838 – December 11, 1909) was a United States Army officer with an extensive military career, which included the battle of Gettysburg, and the battle of the Little Bighorn. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in leadership at the Battle of Bear Paw. He also participated in the Washita Massacre and Wounded Knee Massacre.

Battle of Bear Paw
The Battle of Bear Paw (also sometimes called Battle of the Bears Paw or Battle of the Bears Paw Mountains) was the final engagement of the Nez Perce War of 1877. Following a 1,200-mile (1,900 km) running fight from north central Idaho Territory over the previous four months, the U.S. Army managed to corner most of the Nez Perce led by Chief Joseph in early October 1877 in northern Montana Territory, just 42 miles (68 km) south of the border with Canada, where the Nez Perce intended to seek refuge from persecution by the U.S. government.

Although some of the Nez Perce were able to escape to Canada, Chief Joseph was forced to surrender the majority of his followers to Brigadier General Oliver Howard and Colonel Nelson A. Miles on October 5. Today, the battlefield is part of the Nez Perce National Historical Park and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail.
Miss Universe Colombia
Miss Universe Colombia is a national beauty pageant that selects Colombia's official representative to Miss Universe—one of the Big Four International beauty pageants.

The current Miss Universe Colombia is Vanessa Pulgarin of Antioquia who was crowned on September 28, 2025 in Bogotá. She will represent Colombia at Miss Universe 2025 in Thailand.

Miss Universe
Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by the Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.

The Miss Universe Organization and its brand is owned by JKN Global Group and Legacy Holding Group USA Inc., an American division of Mexican company Legacy Holding through the joint venture company JKN Legacy Inc. Telemundo had the licensing rights to air the pageant through 2023. The pageant's advocacy is "humanitarian issues and is a voice to affect positive change in the world".

The reigning Miss Universe is Fátima Bosch from Mexico who was crowned on November 20, 2025, in Pak Kret, Thailand.
Donets
The Seversky Donets (Russian: Северский Донец) or Siverskyi Donets (Ukrainian: Сіверський Донець), usually simply called the Donets (Russian: Донец, lit. 'Don + - ets, suffix'), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts) and then again through Russia (Rostov Oblast) to join the river Don, about 100 km (62 mi) from the Sea of Azov. The Donets is the fourth-longest river in Ukraine, and the largest in eastern Ukraine, where it is an important source of fresh water. It gives its name to the Donets Basin, known commonly as the Donbas, an important coal-mining and industrial region in Ukraine.

Oskil
The Oskil or Oskol (Ukrainian: Оскiл; Russian: Оскол) is a south-flowing river in Russia and Ukraine. It arises roughly between Kursk and Voronezh and flows south to join the Siverskyi Donets which flows southeast to join the Don. It is 472 kilometres (293 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 14,800 square kilometres (5,700 sq mi).

The river has its sources on the Central Russian Upland, and flows through Kursk and Belgorod Oblasts in Russia, and through the eastern part of Kharkiv Oblast in Ukraine, where it joins the Seversky Donets river. An artificial lake, the Oskil Reservoir, was created in 1958 to help with flood protection and as a source of electricity.

There are several towns along the Oskil: Stary Oskol, Novy Oskol and Valuyki in Russia, and Kupiansk, Kupiansk-Vuzlovyi, Kivsharivka, Borova and Dvorichna in Ukraine.
Frauenfeld railway station
Frauenfeld railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Thurgau and municipality of Frauenfeld. The station is located on the Winterthur–Romanshorn railway line, and is the terminus of the narrow-gauge Frauenfeld–Wil railway line.

On the main line, Frauenfeld is an intermediate stop on the InterCity service from Brig to Romanshorn, the InterRegio service from Lucerne to Konstanz, and on Zurich S-Bahn services S24 and S30. Trains of the St. Gallen S-Bahn service S15 on the Frauenfeld–Wil railway line (operated by Appenzell Railways since 2021) departs from the Bahnhofplatz square in front of the station.

S30 (ZVV)
The S30 is a regional railway line of the Zurich S-Bahn on the ZVV (Zürich transportation network). It connects the cantons of Zurich and Thurgau, Switzerland, with some services extending to the canton of St. Gallen.