hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth Glover
Elizabeth Glover (née Harris; 1602 – June 23, 1643) was an English woman and first American publisher. She established the first printing press in the Thirteen Colonies, located next to the nascent Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where she printed Oath of a Freeman, An Almenack, and the Bay Psalm Book with the help of printer Stephen Daye. She married Henry Dunster, first president of Harvard University. After Glover's death, the printing press was gifted to Harvard.

Oath of a Freeman
The “Oath of a Freeman” was a loyalty pledge required of all new members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s. Printed as a broadside by Stephen Daye in 1639, it is the first document from a printing press known to have been produced in the present day United States.  No copies are known to exist, but the text is known from a handwritten copy and two books, New-England’s Jonas Cast Up at London (1647) and Massachusetts's General Lawes and Libertyes (1648).

A supposed original printing of the document surfaced in 1985, but it was later revealed to be the work of forger Mark Hofmann.
Hamdan Qarmat
Hamdan Qarmat ibn al-Ash'ath (Arabic: حمدان قرمط بن الأشعث, romanized: Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ ibn al-Ashʿath; fl. c. 874–899 CE) was the eponymous founder of the Qarmatian sect of Isma'ilism. Originally the chief Isma'ili missionary (dā'ī) in lower Iraq, in 899 he quarreled with the movement's leadership at Salamiya after it was taken over by Sa'id ibn al-Husayn (the future first Fatimid Caliph), and with his followers broke off from them. Hamdan then disappeared, but his followers continued in existence in the Syrian Desert and al-Bahrayn for several decades.

Salamiyah
Salamiyah (Arabic: سلمية, romanized: Salamiyya; also transliterated Salamiyya, Salamieh or Salamya) is a city in central Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate. It is located 33 kilometres (21 miles) southeast of Hama, 45 kilometres (28 miles) northeast of Homs. Its inhabitants are predominantly Ismaili.

The city is nicknamed the "mother of Cairo" because it was the birthplace of the second Fatimid caliph al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, whose dynasty would eventually establish the city of Cairo, and the early headquarters of his father Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah who founded the Fatimid Caliphate. The city is an important center of the Shi'ite Nizari Isma'ili and Taiyabi Isma'ili Islamic schools of Ismailism and also the birthplace of influential poet Muhammad al-Maghut. The population of the city is 66,724 (2004 census).
Babinov Road
The Babinov Road (Бабиновская дорога) was for a long time the shortest path across the Urals. It led from Solikamsk to Verkhoturye and thence to Tobolsk in Siberia. It was discovered by Artemy Babinov in 1597 and hacked out of the forests several years later, replacing a complicated river route that had been used in the 16th century.

It was the construction of the Babinov Road that made possible the Russian colonization of Siberia and the enormous territorial growth of the Tsardom of Russia in the 17th century. The route was apparently based on an existing trail used by Khanty and Mansi hunters.

In the 17th century, Russian travellers to Siberia passed through a chain of small forts protecting the road from raids by native tribes. Verkhoturye, the first of these forts, was built at its eastern end in 1598.

Babinov's Road remained the only practicable route from Europe to Siberia until the construction of the Great Siberian Road in 1735.

Verkhoturye
Verkhoturye (Russian: Верхоту́рье) is a historical town and the administrative center of Verkhotursky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located in the middle Ural Mountains on the left bank of the Tura River 306 kilometers (190 mi) north of Yekaterinburg. Population: 8,820 (2010 census); 7,815 (2002 Census; 8,973 (1989 Soviet census); 10,900 (1967).
Keaweaweʻulaokalani
Keaweaweʻulaokalani is a name shared by two short-lived princes and heirs to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Both were named after their father Kamehameha III. In Hawaiian, the name means "the red trail of heaven", signifying the roadway by which the god descends from heaven.

Kalama
Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili (1817 – September 20, 1870) was a Queen consort of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi alongside her husband, Kauikeaouli, who reigned as King Kamehameha III. She chose the baptismal name Hakaleleponi after the Biblical figure Hazzelelponi. Her name Kalama means "the torch" in the Hawaiian language.
Bang Masters
Bang Masters is a compilation album by Van Morrison released in 1991 by Sony Music—owners of Bang Records' back catalog. The tracks were remixed from the original multi-tracks and were given a wider stereo spread with less compression. These remixes would later appear on a 1998 CD reissue of Blowin' Your Mind!, and subsequent compilations official and otherwise. The original stereo mixes would not see CD release until The Authorized Bang Collection in 2017.

The alternate version of "Brown Eyed Girl" included on this album was according to Bill Flannagan take six out of the twenty-two takes before the final released form.

New York Sessions '67
New York Sessions '67 is a two-disc retrospective album of recordings made by Van Morrison in 1967 for Bang Records that were later released in the 1990s. Other album releases with the same recordings have been called Payin' Dues and The Complete Bang Sessions. The first disc presents material already available on Blowin' Your Mind! and on the previous Bang compilation albums T.B. Sheets and Bang Masters. The second disc contains the notorious "Contractual Obligation" session – thirty-one improvised nonsense songs Morrison recorded in order to fulfill his contract with Bang Records. According to Erik Hage, the song "Thirty Two" "takes a swipe at Berns's...production style and 'Brown Eyed Girl': Morrison sings 'we'll get three guitars .. and we'll do the sha, sha-la-la bit.'" Tracks from this album would be officially released on the compilation album The Authorized Bang Collection.
Ter Aard
Ter Aard is a hamlet in the Netherlands and is part of the Assen municipality in Drenthe.

Ter Aard is a statistical entity, and has its own postal code, however it is considered a part of Zeijen. It was first mentioned in 1335 as "in Arth" and means "near the farmland". In 1840, it was home to 25 people.

Assen
Assen (Dutch: [ˈɑsə(n)] ⓘ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands, and is the capital of the province of Drenthe. It received city rights in 1809. Assen is known for TT Circuit Assen, the motorcycle racing circuit, where on the last Sunday in June the Dutch TT is run; and also for the annual Assen Dance Festival.

Assen won the European Green Leaf Award for 2027.
Kalpana Devi (politician)
Kalpana Devi (born 9 August 1969) is an Indian politician currently serving as a member of the 16th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, representing the Ladpura Assembly constituency. Previously, she served as an MLA from 2018 to 2023, representing the same constituency. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Ladpura Assembly constituency
Ladpura Assembly constituency is one of the 200 Legislative Assembly constituencies of Rajasthan state in India.

It comprises parts of Ladpura tehsil, in Kota district. As of 2023, its representative is Kalpana Devi of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
US FWS John R. Manning
US FWS John R. Manning (FWS 1002) was an American fisheries research vessel in commission in the fleet of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service from 1950 to 1969. She explored the Pacific Ocean in search of commercially valuable populations of fish and shellfish. After the end of her Fish and Wildlife Service career, she operated as the commercial fishing vessel MV R. B. Hendrickson until she sank in 1979.

US FWS Hugh M. Smith
US FWS Hugh M. Smith was an American fisheries science research vessel in commission  from 1949 to 1959 in the fleet of the United States Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service. She was among  the first U.S. fisheries science vessels to explore the central Pacific Ocean in search of commercially valuable populations of fish.

Prior to her time in the Fish and Wildlife Service, the vessel was in commission in the United States Navy as the patrol vessel USS YP-635. After her Fish and Wildlife Service career ended, she was leased to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from 1959 to 1963, then operated in American Samoa during the mid-1960s, and finally served the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy as the laboratory training ship Habagat from 1965 until she capsized in a storm in the late 1970s.
Louis Bachelier Prize
The Louis Bachelier Prize is a biennial prize in applied mathematics jointly awarded by the London Mathematical Society, the Natixis Foundation for Quantitative Research and the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) in recognition for "exceptional contributions to mathematical modelling in finance, insurance, risk management and/or scientific computing applied to finance and insurance."

The prize is named in honor of French mathematician Louis Bachelier, a pioneer in the field of probability and its use in financial modeling.

London Mathematical Society
The London Mathematical Society (LMS) is one of the United Kingdom's learned societies for mathematics (the others being the Royal Statistical Society (RSS), the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications (IMA), the Edinburgh Mathematical Society and the Operational Research Society (ORS).
Plumett AL-52
The AL-52 is a compressed air launcher of British origin manufactured by Plumett Ltd. The AL-52 is capable of launching grappling hooks for the likes of special forces and line throwing. The AL-52 can also be mounted onto the ground for launching heavier payloads.

Grappling hook
A grappling hook or grapnel is a drag-looking device intended for grappling onto something. It typically has multiple hooks (known as claws or flukes) attached to a rope or cable; it is thrown, dropped, sunk, projected, or fastened directly by hand to where at least one hook may catch and hold on to objects. Generally, grappling hooks are used to temporarily secure one end of a rope. They may also be used to dredge for submerged objects.

The device was invented by the Romans in approximately 260 BC. The grappling hook was originally used in naval warfare to catch ship rigging so that it could be boarded.
Meredith MacNeill
Meredith MacNeill (born 1975) is a Canadian actress and comedian. She has appeared in both Canadian and British productions, notably starring in the BBC sketch show Man Stroke Woman (2005–07) and the comedy films Confetti (2006) and Frequently Asked Questions About Time Travel (2009). She co-created, produced and starred in the CBC sketch show Baroness von Sketch Show (2016–2021), winning eight Canadian Screen Awards and one Canadian Comedy Awards. MacNeill later starred as Det. Sam Wazowski in the CBC police comedy-drama series, Pretty Hard Cases (2021–2023), for which she was nominated for four Canadian Screen Awards.

Frequently Asked Questions About Time Travel
Frequently Asked Questions About Time Travel (stylised as FAQ About Time Travel) is a 2009 science fiction comedy film directed by Gareth Carrivick from a script by Jamie Mathieson, starring Chris O'Dowd, Dean Lennox Kelly, Marc Wootton and Anna Faris.

The film follows two avid science fiction fans (O'Dowd and Wootton) and their snarky mate (Kelly) as they attempt to navigate a time travel conundrum in the middle of a British pub, where they meet a girl from the future (Faris) who sets the adventure in motion.

It was released in the UK and Ireland on 24 April 2009. On its television premiere on BBC Two on 1 August 2010, the film was dedicated to its director Gareth Carrivick, who had died a month before its release.
Steve Roach (musician)
Steve Roach (born February 16, 1955) is an American composer and performer of ambient and electronic music, whose recordings are informed by his impressions of environment, perception, flow and space. His work has been influential in the trance and new-age genres.

Roach has received two Grammy Award nominations for New Age Album of the Year: His 2017 album Spiral Revelation for the 60th Annual Grammy Awards., and 2018's Molecules of Motion for the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. His double album, Dreamtime Return (1988), was listed in 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die.

Dreamtime Return
Dreamtime Return is a 1988 double album by American ambient musician Steve Roach. The album is based on Australian Aboriginal culture and the concept of the Dreamtime. Much of the album's music was inspired by an expedition Roach took to the Cape York Peninsula with a team of filmmakers producing a documentary about Aboriginal rock art. Production on the album began in 1986 and lasted two years. It is the album with which Roach feels he "came into [his] own as an artist".

Described as "one of the pivotal works of ambient music" and "groundbreaking," the album has been included on a number of lists of the world's best music, including 1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die. The album was remastered and reissued for its 30th anniversary in 2018.
218th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 218th Infantry Regiment (First South Carolina) was an infantry regiment of the United States Army National Guard, active between 1947 and 1959. Since 1997, the 218th Regiment has been the Regional Training institute of the South Carolina Army National Guard.

South Carolina Army National Guard
The South Carolina Army National Guard is a component of the United States Army and the United States National Guard.  Nationwide, the Army National Guard comprises approximately one half of the U.S. Army's available combat forces and approximately one third of its support organization.  National coordination of various state National Guard units is maintained through the National Guard Bureau.

South Carolina Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army.  The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards. The South Carolina Guard also bestows a number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of South Carolina.

The South Carolina Army National Guard is composed of approximately 10,000 soldiers (as of February 2009) and maintains 80 facilities across the state with over 2 million square feet (180,000 m2) of space.
Abderrazak Belagrouz
Abderrazak Belagrouz (Arabic: عبد الرزاق بلعقروز) is an Algerian academic writer who was born on 1981. He published more than 10 books and academic research. In 2019, Belagrouz won the young author award of Sheikh Zayed Book Award for his book "The Essence of Values and the Freedom of Social Concepts".

Sheikh Zayed Book Award
The Sheikh Zayed Book Award is a literary award presented yearly to  writers, intellectuals, publishers whose writings and scholarly publications contributed to Arab cultural, literary and social life. The award has been described as “the Arab World’s equivalent to the Nobel Prize”. The first award was in 2007. The total value of the prizes is DH 7,000,000 making it one of the richest literary awards in the world.

The award is named in memory of Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the founding father of the United Arab Emirates.
Titanium (band)
Titanium was a New Zealand pop boy band formed in Auckland in 2012 from the winners of The Edge radio station's competition to create New Zealand's first authentic boy band. The Edge radio station hosted auditions across New Zealand and eventually six young men were selected: Zac Taylor, Andrew Papas, Jordi Webber, Shaquille Paranihi-Ngauma, Haydn Linsley and T.K Paradza. They released their debut single, "Come On Home", which debuted at number one on the official New Zealand Singles Chart on 17 September 2012. Titanium released its debut studio album, All For You in December 2012. It became the first New Zealand band to have three songs in the Top 40 Singles Chart at one time.

All for You (Titanium album)
All for You is the debut studio album by New Zealand boy band Titanium, released by Illegal Musik worldwide on 7 December 2012. After The Edge competition winners were announced and Titanium were formed they began recording the album in Auckland, working with a variety of writers and producers. 
The album is predominantly a pop music album, which orientates into pop rock, dance-pop, teen pop and power pop. The album's lyrical content explores themes about having fun, being young, relationships, empowerment and love issues.

The album received generally favourable reviews from contemporary music critics, commending the album's youthful lyrics and pop sensibility. All For You went to No. 8 on the New Zealand Albums Chart.
Swansea.com Stadium
The Swansea.com Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm Swansea.com; formerly Liberty Stadium) is an all-seated multi-use sports stadium and conferencing venue located in the Landore area of Swansea, Wales, hosting both rugby union and football. The stadium opened in 2005 and was named the Liberty Stadium. It had an opening capacity of 20,750, making it the largest purpose-built venue in Swansea; minor layout changes have since increased this to 21,088.

It is the home stadium of EFL Championship club Swansea City, who took full operational control of the stadium in 2018. As a result of Swansea City's promotion in 2011, the stadium became the first Premier League ground in Wales.  It is the third largest stadium in Wales – after the Millennium Stadium and the Cardiff City Stadium. In European competitions, the stadium is known as Swansea Stadium due to advertising rules.

Cardiff City Stadium
The Cardiff City Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm Dinas Caerdydd) is a stadium in the Leckwith area of Cardiff, Wales. It is the home of Cardiff City and the Wales national team.

Following expansion of the Ninian Stand in July 2014, the stadium officially holds 33,280 supporters. The stadium replaced Ninian Park as Cardiff City's home ground in 2009, and is managed by Cardiff City Stadium Ltd., which is owned by Cardiff City Football Club Holdings Ltd. It also hosted the home matches of the Cardiff Blues rugby union team until the 2011–12 season, although originally the Blues had a lease until 2029.

After the Millennium Stadium, it is the second largest stadium in Cardiff and in Wales. The stadium is part of the Leckwith development, which also includes the Cardiff International Sports Stadium. A branded sponsor name will be assigned as and when the naming rights are sold. The stadium was officially opened on 22 July 2009, with Cardiff City playing a friendly match against Celtic.
Randy Brown (fighter)
Randall Joseph Brown (born July 8, 1990) is a Jamaican-American professional mixed martial artist. He currently competes in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2014, he has formerly competed for Ring of Combat and became the Welterweight Ring of Combat Champion in 2015.

Warlley Alves
Warlley Alves (born 4 January 1991) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who competed in the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA competitor since 2011, Warlley made a name for himself fighting at Jungle Fight. He is the winner of The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Middleweight tournament.
James F. Rothenberg
James Frederic Rothenberg CFA (July 16, 1946 – July 21, 2015), "a leading figure in the investment world", served as president and director of Capital Research and Management Co. (a principal subsidiary of the Capital Group Companies Inc.) and as investment adviser to American Funds.

Born in Pittsburgh, Rothenberg was an alumnus of both Harvard College and Harvard Business School and at the time of his death was a member of the Harvard Corporation. Until he was replaced by Paul Finnegan in 2014, he had also served as the University's treasurer. He was a trustee of the California Institute of Technology and donated $15 million to Caltech in March, 2015. He was also a member of the Committee on Capital Markets Regulation.

Paul Finnegan
Paul James Finnegan (born 1953) is a Chicago-based investor and philanthropist. In 1992, he co-founded Madison Dearborn Partners and currently serves as the firm's co-CEO. From 2014 to 2023, served as the Treasurer of the Harvard Corporation and the Chair of the Harvard Management Company.
Girlfriends (2012 TV series)
Girlfriends is a British reality television show presented by Emma Willis that began airing on ITV2 in 2012. A second series was aired in autumn 2013, each series features three single young women looking for love.

Emma Willis
Emma Louise Willis (née Griffiths; born 18 March 1976) is an English broadcaster. She is known for her television and radio work with Channel 5, BBC, ITV and Heart FM.

Willis presented the Channel 5 reality shows Big Brother and Celebrity Big Brother (2013–2018), as well as the spin-off show Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2011–2015). She presented the BBC One and ITV1 talent competition show The Voice UK (2014–present), and the children's spin-off The Voice Kids UK (2017–2023). In 2019 and 2021, Willis presented the second and third series of the reality show The Circle on Channel 4. In 2024, she became a co-host of the Netflix dating show Love Is Blind: UK, alongside her husband Matt Willis.
Daniel Stern (actor)
Daniel Jacob Stern (born August 28, 1957) is an American actor, artist, director, comedian, and screenwriter. He is best known for his roles as Marv Murchins in Home Alone (1990) and Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), Phil Berquist in City Slickers (1991) and City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (1994), the voice of adult Kevin Arnold on the television series The Wonder Years, and the voice of Dilbert on the animated series of the same name. Other notable films of Stern's include Breaking Away (1979), Stardust Memories (1980), Diner (1982), Blue Thunder (1983), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The Milagro Beanfield War (1988), Coupe de Ville (1990), and Very Bad Things (1998). He made his feature-film directorial debut with Rookie of the Year (1993).

In 2023, Stern joined the cast of the Apple TV sci-fi series For All Mankind in the leading role of Eli Hobson.

Very Bad Things
Very Bad Things is a 1998 American black comedy film written and directed by Peter Berg in his feature film directorial debut and starring Cameron Diaz, Jon Favreau, Daniel Stern, Jeremy Piven, Christian Slater, Leland Orser, Kobe Tai and Jeanne Tripplehorn.

The plot follows a group of men who become embroiled in crime and betrayal after they attempt to conceal an accidental death. Very Bad Things was not well received and grossed $21 million against a $30 million budget.
Voodoo Woman
Voodoo Woman is a 1957 American horror film directed by Edward L. Cahn and starring  Marla English in her final film role, Tom Conway, and Mike Connors. It was released in February 1957 by American International Pictures as a double feature with The Undead.

In 1966, it was remade by Larry Buchanan into an AIP made for television film, Curse of the Swamp Creature.

Curse of the Swamp Creature
Curse of the Swamp Creature is a 1968 American-made for television horror science fiction film directed by Larry Buchanan. Although Buchanan was producing low-budget 16mm color remakes of American International Pictures sci-fi movies for television distribution around this time, he claimed this was an original even though it bears more than a few striking similarities to the 1957 AIP film Voodoo Woman.

Buchanan later said, "Never make a swamp picture. Your film comes back, and it's all... strange."
Fuaigh Beag
Fuaigh Beag or Vuia Be(a)g is an island in the Outer Hebrides. It is off the west coast of Lewis near Great Bernera in Loch Roag. Its name means "little Fuaigh", and is named in contrast to Fuaigh Mòr nearby.

Fuaigh Mòr
Fuaigh Mòr (sometimes anglicised as Vuia Mor)  is an island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. It is off the west coast of Lewis near Great Bernera in Loch Ròg. It is 84 hectares (208 acres) and 67 metres (220 feet) at its highest point.