hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals.

Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation. An alternative method is to use techniques from calculus to obtain a series expansion of the solution.

Ordinary differential equations occur in many scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. In addition, some methods in numerical partial differential equations convert the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation, which must then be solved.

Explicit and implicit methods
Explicit and implicit methods are approaches used in numerical analysis for obtaining numerical approximations to the solutions of time-dependent ordinary and partial differential equations, as is required in computer simulations of physical processes. Explicit methods calculate the state of a system at a later time from the state of the system at the current time, while implicit methods find a solution by solving an equation involving both the current state of the system and the later one. Mathematically, if  is the current system state and  is the state at the later time ( is a small time step), then, for an explicit method

while for an implicit method one solves an equation

to find
Keihan Main Line
The Keihan Main Line (京阪本線, Keihan-honsen) is a railway line in Japan operated by Keihan Electric Railway. The line runs between Sanjō Station in Kyoto and Yodoyabashi Station in Osaka. There are through services to the Keihan Ōtō Line and the Keihan Nakanoshima Line. Trains from Kyoto to Osaka are treated as "down" trains, and from Osaka to Kyoto as "up" trains.

Keihan Nakanoshima Line
The Keihan Nakanoshima Line (京阪中之島線, Keihan Nakanoshima-sen) is a railway line operated by the Keihan Electric Railway in Osaka, Japan. It opened on October 19, 2008, and has a ruling grade of 1 in 25 (4%).
Frank N. Wilcox
Frank Nelson Wilcox (October 3, 1887 – April 17, 1964) was a modernist American artist and a master of watercolor. Wilcox is described as the "Dean of Cleveland School painters," though some sources give this appellation to Henry Keller or Frederick Gottwald.

Frederick Gottwald
Frederick Carl Gottwald (August 15, 1858 – June 23, 1941) was a traditionalist American painter who was influential in the development of the Cleveland School of art, sometimes called the "dean of Cleveland painters". He taught at the Western Reserve School of Design for Women (later renamed to the Cleveland Institute of Art), and it has been said that he "contributed more than any other person to Cleveland's artistic development".
Janni Olsson
Janni Olsson (born 22 March 1985), also known in Japan as the "Swedish Outdoor Girl" (スウェーデンのアウトドアガール), is a Swedish television presenter, actress, and outdoor journalist based in Japan. She is best known as the co-creator and host of the travel and adventure series Getting Dirty in Japan, which has been distributed internationally on Amazon Prime Video. As an actress, she appeared in the award-winning comedy series The Benza and its spin-off Benza English as Alena.  She has also worked as a reporter for NHK World-Japan’s food and culture program Trails to Oishii Tokyo as well as Cycle Around Japan. In addition to her television career, Olsson has written for outdoor magazines including BE-PAL and PEAKS. She has also appeared across Japanese media such as commercials, radio programs, and stage productions. She works as a producer and writer, contributing to cross-cultural projects between Sweden and Japan.

Benza English
Benza English is a Japanese on demand comedy series that premiered on Amazon Prime Video via Prime Video Direct in April 2020 in the United States, United Kingdom, and Japan.  Shortly after, it began streaming in seventy additional territories.

The show is a spin-off of the Japanese on demand comedy series The Benza, and features Kyle (Kyle Card) and Chris (Christopher McCombs) as well as many other returning characters from the original show.  The main plot follows Kaori (Kaori Ikeda) who receives a mysterious offer to become the host of her own English language show and takes place between "The Benza" series 1 and series 2.
The eight-episode season was filmed entirely on location in Tokyo, Japan by co-directors Raito Nishizaka and Michael Williams.
The Hound of the Baskervilles (1932 film)
The Hound of the Baskervilles is a 1932 British mystery film directed by Gareth Gundrey and starring John Stuart, Robert Rendel and Frederick Lloyd. It is based on the 1902 novel The Hound of the Baskervilles by Arthur Conan Doyle, in which Sherlock Holmes is called in to investigate a suspicious death on Dartmoor. It was made by Gainsborough Pictures. The screenplay was written by Edgar Wallace.

Frederick Lloyd (actor)
Frederick Lloyd (15 January 1880 – 24 November 1949) was a British film and stage actor. His most notable appearances include Doctor Watson in the 1932 film The Hound of the Baskervilles and Mr. Grimwig in David Lean's 1948 literature adaption Oliver Twist .
Medway watermills (upper tributaries)
The Medway and its tributaries and sub-tributaries have been used for over 1,150 years as a source of power. There are over two hundred sites where the use of water power is known.
These uses included corn milling, fulling, paper making, iron smelting, pumping water, making gunpowder, vegetable oil extraction, and electricity generation.
Today, there is just one watermill working for trade. Those that remain have mostly been converted. Such conversions include a garage, dwellings, restaurants, museums and a wedding venue. Some watermills are mere derelict shells, lower walls or lesser remains. Of the majority, there is nothing to be seen.
A large number of tributaries feed into the River Medway. The tributaries that powered watermills will be described in the order that they feed in. The mills are described in order from source to mouth. Left bank and right bank are referred to as though the reader is facing downstream. This article covers the tributaries that feed in above Penshurst.

Medway watermills
The Medway and its tributaries and sub-tributaries have been used for over 1,150 years as a source of power. There are over two hundred sites where the use of water power is known.
These uses included corn milling, fulling, paper making, iron smelting, pumping water, making gunpowder, vegetable oil extraction, and electricity generation.
Today, there is just one watermill working for trade. Those that remain have mostly been converted. Such conversions include a garage, dwellings, restaurants, museums and a wedding venue. Some watermills are mere derelict shells, lower walls or lesser remains. Of the majority, there is nothing to be seen.
Covariant classical field theory
In mathematical physics, covariant classical field theory represents classical fields by sections of fiber bundles, and their dynamics is phrased in the context of a finite-dimensional space of fields. Nowadays, it is well known that jet bundles and the variational bicomplex are the correct domain for such a description. The Hamiltonian variant of covariant classical field theory is the covariant Hamiltonian field theory where momenta correspond to derivatives of field variables with respect to all world coordinates. Non-autonomous mechanics is formulated as covariant classical field theory on fiber bundles over the time axis .

Variational bicomplex
In mathematics, the Lagrangian theory on fiber bundles is globally formulated in algebraic terms of the variational bicomplex, without appealing to the calculus of variations. For instance, this is the case of  classical field theory on fiber bundles (covariant classical field theory).

The variational bicomplex is a cochain complex of the differential graded algebra of exterior forms on jet manifolds of sections of a fiber bundle. Lagrangians and Euler–Lagrange operators on a fiber bundle are defined as elements of this bicomplex. Cohomology of the variational bicomplex leads to the global first variational formula and first Noether's theorem.

Extended to Lagrangian theory of even and odd fields on graded manifolds, the variational bicomplex provides strict mathematical formulation of classical field theory in a general case of reducible degenerate Lagrangians and the Lagrangian BRST theory.
Syzransky District
Syzransky District (Russian: Сы́зранский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-seven in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is located in the west of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,887 square kilometers (729 sq mi). Its administrative center is the city of Syzran (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 25,947.

Syzran
Syzran (Russian: Сызрань, IPA: [ˈsɨzrənʲ]) is the third largest city in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Saratov Reservoir of the Volga River. Population: 165,725 (2021 Census); 178,750 (2010 Census); 188,107 (2002 Census); 174,335 (1989 Soviet census).
Shuki Levy
Shuki Levy (Hebrew: שוקי לוי; born June 3, 1947) is an Israeli-American music composer and television producer. Levy created soundtrack compositions for children's television programs of the 1980s, such as The Real Ghostbusters, Inspector Gadget, The Mysterious Cities of Gold, M.A.S.K., Dinosaucers, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, She-Ra: Princess of Power, and Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors. In the 1990s, he worked on the Power Rangers franchise, Digimon: Digital Monsters, Masked Rider, VR Troopers, and Big Bad Beetleborgs. He has also written and directed episodes for some these television shows, and directed a few films, such as Perfect Victims (1988) and Blind Vision (1991). He was also part of the musical duo Shuky & Aviva (alternatively Shuki & Aviva), with his partner Aviva Paz.

Big Bad Beetleborgs
Big Bad Beetleborgs (later Beetleborgs Metallix for Season 2) is an American live-action superhero television series by Saban Entertainment and was co-produced with Renaissance-Atlantic Films, Toei Company and Bugboy Productions. Two seasons aired on Fox Kids from September 7, 1996, to March 2, 1998.

The series adapted combat footage from the Metal Hero tokusatsu-series Juukou B-Fighter (first season) and B-Fighter Kabuto (second season). Unlike its contemporaries, such as Power Rangers, the show had a greater emphasis on sitcom elements, rather than a villain of the week.
Robert Irvine
Robert Paul Irvine (/ˈɜːrvaɪn/; born 24 September 1965) is an English-American celebrity chef and talk show host who has appeared on and hosted a variety of Food Network programs including Dinner: Impossible, Worst Cooks in America, Restaurant: Impossible, A Hero's Welcome, Operation Restaurant, All-Star Academy, Guy's Grocery Games, Chopped: Impossible, and Restaurant Express. Irvine currently operates one restaurant, Fresh Kitchen by Robert Irvine, located within The Pentagon. He also operated Robert Irvine's Public House at the Tropicana resort in Las Vegas, Nevada from 2017 until the closure of the Tropicana in 2024. Irvine launched The Robert Irvine Show, a daytime talk show which aired weekdays on The CW between 12 September 2016 and 25 May 2018.

Restaurant: Impossible
Restaurant: Impossible is an American reality television series, featuring chef and restaurateur Robert Irvine, that originally aired on Food Network from 2011 to 2016. After a three-year hiatus, the show returned on April 20, 2019.  It was announced that the show was canceled after 22 seasons in 2023.
Rachita Ram
Rachita Ram (born Bindhya Ram; 3 October), is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Kannada films. One of the highest paid Kannada actresses, Rachita is a recipient of one Filmfare Award South and three SIIMA Awards.

After appearing in various television shows, Rachita made her film debut with the 2013 film, Bulbul, for which she earned the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada nomination. She later won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada for her performance in Ranna (2015). Rachita went onto established herself with successful films such as Chakravyuha (2016), Pushpaka Vimana (2017), Bharjari (2017), Ayogya (2018), Seetharama Kalyana (2019), Natasaarvabhowma (2019), Ayushman Bhava (2019), Monsoon Raaga (2022) and Kranti (2023). Her highest grossing release came with the Tamil film Coolie (2025).

Ayogya (2018 film)
Ayogya is a 2018 Indian Kannada romantic comedy film directed by debutante S. Mahesh Kumar and produced by Chandrashekar. It stars Sathish Ninasam and Rachita Ram in the lead along with P. Ravishankar, Chikkanna, Saritha, and Sadhu Kokila among others in key supporting roles. The music is scored by Arjun Janya and cinematography is by Preetham Thegginamane.

The film, based on a rural theme, was shot in and around Mandya district in Karnataka. It was released on 17 August 2018 across Karnataka, and received average reviews from critics. The Hindi dubbing rights was sold prior to the release of the film.
Kamen Rider Ghost
Kamen Rider Ghost (仮面ライダーゴースト, Kamen Raidā Gōsuto) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama serving as the 17th Heisei Kamen Rider Series, and 26th series overall. Takuro Fukuda serves as Ghost's lead screenwriter, with Satoshi Morota as director. It premiered on TV Asahi and affiliate stations throughout Japan on October 4, 2015, the week following the finale of its predecessor series Kamen Rider Drive, joining Shuriken Sentai Ninninger, and later, Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger in the Super Hero Time programming block.

The motif of the series is centered around ghosts, historical figures, and eye-based themes. The series focuses on the protagonist, Takeru Tenkuji, who becomes Kamen Rider Ghost after dying and being temporarily resurrected. He is tasked with collecting Eyecons, which contain the spirits of famous historical figures such as Thomas Edison, Isaac Newton, Musashi Miyamoto, Ludwig von Beethoven, and more.

Kamen Rider Gaim
Kamen Rider Gaim (仮面ライダー鎧武(ガイム), Kamen Raidā Gaimu) is a Japanese television series, a tokusatsu drama that is in the Kamen Rider Series; it is the 15th series during its Heisei run and 24th overall. The series, written by Gen Urobuchi and directed by Ryuta Tasaki it began airing on TV Asahi from October 6, 2013, replacing Kamen Rider Wizard in its initial timeslot and joining Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger then Ressha Sentai ToQger in the Super Hero Time programming block, until Gaim concluded on September 28, 2014, and was replaced  by Kamen Rider Drive the following week. The series made a first motif that combines fruits, samurai/warriors, and dance culture in a unique blend of themes. The series is set in a city where dance crews compete for territory, and the story evolves into a deeper tale about power, survival, and responsibility.
Motion to dismiss in the interest of justice
The motion to dismiss in the interest of justice is a provision of the New York Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) § 210.40; since being interpreted in People v. Clayton, it has been known as a "Clayton motion".

People v. Clayton
People v. Clayton, 41 A.D.2d 204, 208 (N.Y. App. Div. 2d Dep't 1973) was a case before the Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division.  It determined that a trial court, when considering a "motion to dismiss in the interest of justice" (subsequently known as a "Clayton motion"), must convene an evidentiary hearing to consider whether the dismissal would in fact be in the "interest of justice".
Munjane
Munjane (pronunciationⓘ transl. Dawn) is a 2012 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film starring Ganesh and Manjari Phadnis. The film was written, produced and directed by S. Narayan, who also composed and written the songs and also acted in the film. Dharma Vish has scored the  background music. Narayan's wife, Bhagyavathi Narayan has produced the venture under his home banner. Jagadish Wali is the cinematographer. The film opened across Karnataka cinema halls on 2 March 2012.

Manjari Fadnis
Manjari Fadnis (also spelt Phadnis and Fadnnis, born on 10 July 1988),  also credited professionally as Manjari, is an Indian actress, model, and singer. She is known for her work primarily in Hindi and Telugu films. In addition, she has also acted in Bengali, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam films. She gained widespread recognition for her role in the 2008 Hindi film Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na. Her other notable works include Faltu (2006), Zokkomon (2011), Warning (2013), Grand Masti (2013), Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon (2015), the short film Khamakha (2016), and Barot House (2019).
Branisella
Branisella is an extinct genus of New World monkey from the Salla Formation of what is now Bolivia during the Late Oligocene, approximately 26 million years ago (Deseadan), comprising only the species Branisella boliviana. Together with the Peruvian genus Canaanimico, it is the oldest fossil New World monkey discovered.

Canaanimico
Canaanimico is an extinct genus of medium-sized New World monkeys from the Late Oligocene (approximately 26.5 Ma, Deseadan in the SALMA classification) fossiliferous fluvio-lacustrine Chambira Formation of the Ucayali Basin in Amazonian Peru. The genus was described by Marivaux et al. in 2016 and the type species is C. amazonensis.
U.S. Chemical Safety Board
The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (USCSB), generally referred to as the Chemical Safety Board (CSB), is an independent U.S. federal agency charged with investigating industrial chemical accidents. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the agency's board members are appointed by the president and confirmed by the United States Senate.  The CSB conducts root cause investigations of chemical accidents at fixed industrial facilities.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; /ˈoʊʃə/) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.: 12, 16  The United States Congress established the agency under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act), which President Richard M. Nixon signed into law on December 29, 1970. OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthy working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance". The agency is also charged with enforcing a variety of whistleblower statutes and regulations. OSHA's workplace safety inspections have been shown to reduce injury rates and injury costs without adverse effects on employment, sales, credit ratings, or firm survival.
Willard Boyle
Willard Sterling Boyle (August 19, 1924 – May 7, 2011) was a Canadian applied physicist who shared one half of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics with George E. Smith for their invention of the charge-coupled device.

As director of Space Science and Exploratory Studies at Bellcomm, Boyle helped select lunar landing sites and provided support for the Apollo space program.

Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors. Under the control of an external circuit, each capacitor can transfer its electric charge to a neighboring capacitor. CCD sensors are a major technology used in digital imaging.
Henry C. Rogers
Henry C. Rogers (April 19, 1914 – April 28, 1995) was an American publicist in the entertainment industry. He worked with notable actors and singers, such as Rita Hayworth, Joan Crawford, Frank Sinatra, Shirley MacLaine, Dean Martin, Audrey Hepburn, Paul Newman, Steve McQueen, Paul McCartney, and many others. Rogers wrote four books, titled Walking the Tightrope: the private confessions of a public relations man, Rogers' Rules for Success, The One-Hat Solution: Rogers' Strategy for Creative Middle Management, and Rogers' Rules for Businesswomen: How to Start a Career and Move Up the Ladder.

Warren Cowan
Warren Cowan (March 13, 1921 – May 14, 2008) was an American film industry publicist.  He co-founded the public relations company Rogers & Cowan in 1954 and founded his own company, Cowan & Associates, in 1994.  He was described as "one of Hollywood’s most powerful and innovative publicists" at the time of his death.
Mark Vonnegut
Mark Vonnegut (born May 11, 1947) is an American pediatrician and author. He is the son of writer Kurt Vonnegut. He is the brother of Edith Vonnegut and Nanette Vonnegut. He described himself in the preface to his 1975 book as "a hippie, son of a counterculture hero, BA in religion, (with a) genetic disposition to schizophrenia.": preface

Edith Vonnegut
Edith "Edie" Vonnegut (born December 29, 1949) is an American painter.

Her work—most of which juxtaposes heavenly beings and mundane activities—has been showcased at galleries across the United States, and is featured in the book Domestic Goddesses, along with her humorous commentary.
All Ashore
All Ashore is a 1953 American comedy musical film directed by Richard Quine and starring Mickey Rooney, Dick Haymes, Peggy Ryan and Ray McDonald.

In the tradition of MGM's Anchors Aweigh and On the Town, the film tells the stories of three sailors (Rooney, crooner Dick Haymes and dancer Ray McDonald) on shore leave on Santa Catalina Island, California, where much of the film was shot. A former MGM contract star, McDonald was married to Peggy Ryan at the time, with All Ashore being the last film for both of them.

Dick Haymes
Richard Benjamin Haymes (September 13, 1918 – March 28, 1980) was an Argentine singer, songwriter and actor. He was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1940s and early 1950s. He was the older brother of Bob Haymes, an actor, television host, and songwriter.
Qarsau Island
Qarsau Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, approximately 4.7 km (2.9 mi) south of the capital city of Iqaluit.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Aubrey Island, Beveridge Island, Bishop Island, Cairn Island, Coffin Island, Crimmins Island, Emerick Island, Faris Island, Hill Island, Jenvey Island, Kudlago Island, Long Island, Mair Island, McLaren Island, Monument Island, Ptarmigan Island, Sale Island, Sybil Island, and Thompson Island.

Cairn Island
Cairn Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, 10.3 km (6.4 mi) southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit.

Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Aubrey Island, Beveridge Island, Bishop Island, Coffin Island, Crimmins Island, Emerick Island, Faris Island, Gardiner Island, Hill Island, Jenvey Island, Kudlago Island, Long Island, Mair Island, McLaren Island, Monument Island, Pichit Island, Ptarmigan Island, Qarsau Island, Sale Island, Sybil Island, and Thompson Island.
Queensland Country Heelers
The Queensland Country Heelers is an amateur rugby union football team that represents the regions of Queensland outside of Brisbane. The team is selected by the Queensland Country Rugby Union following the annual Queensland Country Championships, and plays other representative teams from around Australia.

Queensland Country Championships
The Queensland Country Championships, also known as the Graincorp Country Championship, is a rugby union competition for teams from regions of Queensland outside of Brisbane. The Queensland Country Rugby Union administers the competitions at Senior (open age) and Colts (under 19) levels. Eleven country sub-unions are grouped into three regional divisions in Northern, Central, and Southern Queensland for the championships.