hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Of Moths and Men
Of Moths and Men is a book by journalist Judith Hooper about the Oxford University ecological genetics school led by E.B. Ford.  The book specifically concerns Bernard Kettlewell's experiments on the peppered moth which were intended as experimental validation of evolution.  She highlights supposed problems with the methodology of Kettlewell's experiments and suggests that these issues could invalidate the results obtained, ignoring or disparaging evidence supporting natural selection while repeatedly implying that Kettlewell and his colleagues committed fraud or made careless errors.

Subject matter experts have described the book as presenting a "conspiracy theory" with "errors, misrepresentations, misinterpretations and falsehoods". The evolutionary biologist Michael Majerus spent the last 7 years of his life systematically repeating Kettlewell's experiments, demonstrating that Kettlewell had in fact been correct.

Bernard Kettlewell
Henry Bernard Davis Kettlewell (24 February 1907 – 11 May 1979) was a British geneticist, lepidopterist and medical doctor, who performed research on the influence of industrial melanism on peppered moth (Biston betularia) coloration, showing why moths are darker in polluted areas. This experiment is cited as a classic demonstration of natural selection in action. After live video record of the experiment with Niko Tinbergen, Sewall Wright called the study as "the clearest case in which a conspicuous evolutionary process has actually been observed."
Molesey
Molesey is a suburban neighbourhood comprising two large villages, East Molesey and West Molesey, in the Borough of Elmbridge, Surrey, England, and within the Greater London Built-up Area. Molesey is situated on the south bank of the River Thames.

East and West Molesey share a high street and there is a second retail restaurant-lined street (Bridge Road) close to Hampton Court Palace in the eastern part of the district, which is also home to Hampton Court railway station in Transport for London's Zone 6. Molesey Hurst or Hurst Park is a large park by the River Thames in the north of the area, and is home to East Molesey Cricket Club. The Hampton Ferry runs from here to Hampton on the Middlesex bank, from where it is a short walk to the central area of Hampton.

Molesey is divided into three wards: Molesey South, East and West. The majority of Molesey's detached properties are in the east, which also contains the highest proportion of apartments of the three wards.

East Molesey Cricket Club
East Molesey Cricket Club is a cricket club in Molesey, Surrey, England. It was established in 1871, although cricket has been played at the Moulsey Hurst since 1731. A 1953 souvenir programme from the 1953 Australian cricket tour mentions an article in The Daily Courant from 1723 reporting on match played at Moulsey Hurst "between the Gentlemen of London and the Gentlemen of Surrey", and that after the match the players were entertained at Hampton Court Palace by Frederick, Prince of Wales".

East Molesey's current ground, 'The Memorial Ground', has been the home for the Surrey club since the late 19th century and is just outside the town centre, on the bank of the River Thames. They currently compete in the Surrey Championship, the Club Cricket Conference Cup, the Bertie Joel Cup and the Thameside Sunday League.
Xuan-Yuan Sword: Han Cloud
Xuan-Yuan Sword: Han Cloud (Chinese: 軒轅劍之漢之雲) is a 2017 Chinese television series adapted from Xuan-Yuan Sword, a series of role-playing video games developed by Taiwanese company Softstar Entertainment Inc. It stars Zhang Yunlong, Yu Menglong, Guan Xiaotong, Zhang Jianing, Ju Jingyi and Vengo Gao. The series is airing two episodes back-to-back on Dragon TV every Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (CST) starting from 8 August 2017 for 58 episodes.

Zhang Jianing
Zhang Jianing (Chinese: 张佳宁, born 26 May 1989), also known as Karlina Zhang, is a Chinese actress. She is best known for her roles as Muyun Yanshuang in Tribes and Empires: Storm of Prophecy (2017) and Lin Beixing in Shining for One Thing (2022).
Sedoheptulose
Sedoheptulose or pseudoheptulose or D-altro-heptulose is a ketoheptose—a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms and a ketone functional group.  It is one of the few heptoses found in nature, and is found in various fruits and vegetables ranging from carrots and leeks to figs, mangos and avocados.

It is an intermediate in respiratory and photosynthetic pathways and plays a vital role in the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway.

Studies have shown that 7-O-galloyl-D-sedoheptulose, a chemical extracted from dogwood fruit, is able to reduce pro-inflammatory markers in vivo such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein and thus might be able reduce low-level inflammation in humans. While this compound contains a sedoheptulose moiety, sedoheptulose itself has not been shown to possess the same properties.

Heptose
A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms.

They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 (aldoheptoses)  or a ketone functional group in position 2, 3 or 4 (ketoheptoses). Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5.
Theobald Stapleton
Theobald Stapleton, (Irish: Teabóid Gálldubh) (1589 – 13 September 1647), was an Irish Roman Catholic priest and one of the creators of modern Irish language orthography. During the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Fr. Stapleton sought sanctuary inside St. Patrick's Cathedral upon the Rock of Cashel and was slain by the Protestant army of Lord Inchiquin during the Sack of Cashel. He was Beatified by Pope John Paul II as one of the 17 Irish Catholic Martyrs in 1992.

Rock of Cashel
The Rock of Cashel (Irish: Carraig Phádraig [ˈkaɾˠəɟ ˈfˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ]), also known as Cashel of the Kings and St. Patrick's Rock, is a historical site located dramatically above a plain at Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland.
Pidcock Creek
Pidcock Creek is a tributary of the Delaware River in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Rising in Buckingham Township, it flows into the Delaware in Solebury Township after a short side trip within Upper Makefield Township.

Upper Makefield Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Makefield Township is a township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Upper Makefield is located in the Delaware Valley, and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The population was 8,190 at the 2010 census. It has the eighth-highest per capita income among all townships in Pennsylvania.

Upper Makefield Township's multimillion-dollar homes, highly-ranked public schools, and relatively easy commute to New York City and Princeton led to its 2006 ranking as "Best Place to Live in the Suburbs" in Philadelphia magazine.

The township is the Philadelphia area's second-most expensive suburb and the 287th-wealthiest neighborhood in the nation with a mean household income of $306,081. The area has also been listed an alternative to The Hamptons for the summer by New York magazine.
Kaluza–Klein theory
In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is an attempt at creating a unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism based on the idea of a fifth dimension of space beyond the conventional four-dimensional spacetime of general relativity. According to this proposal, there are three dimensions of space and one of time but with an additional spatial dimension in the shape of a tiny circle. The Kaluza-Klein theory is named after Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein. It is not supported by experiments, but is a precursor to supergravity and modern string theory (in eleven-dimensional spacetime).

Compactification (physics)
In theoretical physics, compactification means changing a theory with respect to one of its space-time dimensions. Instead of having a theory with this dimension being infinite, one changes the theory so that this dimension has a finite length, and may also be periodic.

Compactification plays an important part in thermal field theory where one compactifies time, in string theory where one compactifies the extra dimensions of the theory, and in two- or one-dimensional solid state physics, where one considers a system which is limited in one of the three usual spatial dimensions.

At the limit where the size of the compact dimension goes to zero, no fields depend on this extra dimension, and the theory is dimensionally reduced.
Tadashi Inuzuka
Tadashi Inuzuka (犬塚 直史, Inuzuka Tadashi; born September 28, 1954) 
is a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan, a former Senator in the House of Councillors of the Diet (national legislature). A native of Tokyo, he graduated from Rikkyo University and received a master's degree from the University of Dallas in the United States. He was elected for the first time in 2004 from his Nagasaki constituency.

University of Dallas
The University of Dallas is a private Catholic university in Irving, Texas, United States. Established in 1956, it is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The university comprises three academic units: the Braniff Graduate School of Liberal Arts, the Constantin College of Liberal Arts, and the Satish & Yasmin Gupta College of Business. Dallas offers several master's degree programs and a doctoral degree program with three concentrations. As of 2017, there were 136 full-time faculty and 102 part-time faculty.
Ursa Major moving group
The Ursa Major Moving Group, also known as Collinder 285 and the Ursa Major association, is the closest stellar moving group – a set of stars with common velocities in space and thought to have a common origin in space and time. In the case of the Ursa Major group, all the stars formed about 300 million years ago. Its core is roughly 80 light years away and part of the Local Bubble. It is rich in prominent stars including most of the stars of the Big Dipper.

Alkaid
Alkaid /ælˈkeɪd/, also called Eta Ursae Majoris (Latinised from η Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Eta UMa, η UMa), is a star in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is the easternmost star in the Big Dipper (or Plough) asterism. However, unlike most stars of the Big Dipper, it is not a member of the Ursa Major moving group. With an apparent visual magnitude of +1.86, it is the third-brightest star in the constellation and one of the brightest stars in the night sky.
Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)
Leviathan is a 2009 novel written by Scott Westerfeld and illustrated by Keith Thompson. It is the first work in the trilogy of the same name, followed by sequels Behemoth and Goliath. The trilogy is set in an alternative version of World War I in which the Central Powers (known in-universe as "Clankers") use mechanized walkers and the Triple Entente (known in-universe as "Darwinists") genetically fabricate living creatures for use in battle. Leviathan was named the Best Young Adult Novel by the Aurealis Award in 2009, Locus in 2010, and Mir Fantastiki in 2011.

Behemoth (novel)
Behemoth is the second installment in the Leviathan series by Scott Westerfeld. It was published on October 5, 2010.

As with the series' first book, Leviathan, the audiobook is read by Alan Cumming.

The sequel, Goliath, was released on September 20, 2011.
Ouara
Ouara (or Wara, Arabic: وارا) is the former capital of the Ouaddai Empire lying near Abéché in eastern Chad.
It has been deserted since its wells went dry in the 19th century. Situated between hills, it is still home to a ruined palace, mosque and city wall.  These ruins were added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 21, 2005, in the cultural category.

Abéché
Abéché (Arabic: أبشه, Absha) is a city in central-eastern Chad and the capital of the Ouaddaï Region. By road it is 749 kilometres (465 mi) northeast of the national capital of N'Djamena and 164 kilometres (102 mi) northwest of Adre, on the border with Sudan. Surrounded by savanna, it is one of the largest cities in the country. It has a rich Islamic heritage, situated along the trans-Saharan trade route and is an important cattle raising centre, with the principal market in the country for camel exports and rugs. As of 2012 it had a population of 76,492 people.

The city contains the remnants of the ancient capital, including palaces, mosques, and the tombs of former sultans. The Grand Mosque on the central square (the Place de l'Indépendance), is one of the oldest and most significant mosques in the country, built in the 19th century. The city is served by Abéché Airport and contains the Lycee Franco-Arabe school.
Innovation Auto Sport
Innovation Auto Sport, also spelled as Innovation Autosport, is a Canadian professional auto racing team that currently competes in the NASCAR Canada Series. Drivers Kevin Lacroix and Mathieu Kingsbury formed the team in 2024.

Kevin Lacroix (racing driver)
Kevin Lacroix (born March 14, 1989) is a Canadian racing driver from Saint-Eustache, Quebec. He currently competes in the NASCAR Canada Series, driving the No. 74 Dodge for Innovation Auto Sport, a team he formed with fellow driver Mathieu Kingsbury.
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662), younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand III, was an Austrian soldier, administrator and patron of the arts.

He held a number of military commands, with limited success, and served as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands,  before returning to Vienna in 1656. Despite being nominated as Holy Roman Emperor after Ferdinand's death in 1657, he stood aside in favour of his nephew Leopold I.

His main interest was in art, and he patronised artists including David Teniers the Younger, Frans Snyders, Peter Snayers, Daniel Seghers, Peter Franchoys, Frans Wouters, Jan van den Hoecke and Pieter Thijs. His collection of 17th century Venetian and Dutch paintings are now held by the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Pieter Thijs
Pieter Thijs, Peter Thijs or Pieter Thys (1624 in Antwerp – 1677 in Antwerp) was a Flemish painter of portraits as well as religious and history paintings.  He was a very successful artist who worked for the courts in Brussels and The Hague as well as for many religious institutions.  His work was close to the courtly and elegant style of Anthony van Dyck and his followers.
KOUT
KOUT (98.7 FM, "Kat Country 98.7") is a radio station licensed to serve Rapid City, South Dakota. The station is owned by HomeSlice Media Group, LLC. It airs a country music format.

The station was assigned the KOUT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on November 29, 1991.

Notable on-air personalities include "The Roadhouse" with Amy, Brandon Jones, Dean Taylor, and the "2nd Shift" with Mark Houston, Dean Taylor, Leslie Lane, and Stitch. Syndicated show The Big Time with Whitney Allen on evenings.

The HomeSlice Group
The HomeSlice Group is an American media and entertainment conglomerate based in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The HomeSlice Group is the worldwide exclusive licensing agent of the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and artist management company for Chancey Williams. The firm owns six radio stations in the Rapid City, South Dakota DMA and entered into a binding asset purchase agreement on October 30, 2015 to acquire all of the radio station assets of Rushmore Media Company, a subsidiary of Schurz Communications. HomeSlice was formed in 1994 and incorporated in 1995. The company is rooted in the live entertainment business and now produces around 500 concerts a year. HomeSlice also operates an advertising agency and has been involved in financial services marketing for nearly 20 years.

Their latest project is with the 76th Sturgis Motorcycle Rally and Snapchat, with which they have organized Snapchat Live coverage of the event.
Lilias Torrance Newton
Lilias Torrance Newton RCA LL. D. (November 3, 1896 – January 10, 1980) was a Canadian painter and a member of the Beaver Hall Group. She was one of the more important portrait artists in Canada in the 20th century.

Beaver Hall Group
The Beaver Hall Group refers to a Montreal-based group of Canadian painters who met in the late 1910s while studying art at a school run by the Art Association of Montreal.
The Group is notable for its equal inclusion of men and women artists, as well as for its embrace of Jazz Age modernism. They painted a variety of subjects, including portraits, landscapes, urban scenes and still lifes, in a mix of Modernist and traditional styles.
Abraham Curry
Abraham Van Santvoord Curry (February 19, 1815 – October 19, 1873) was an American politician considered the founding father of Carson City, Nevada. A native of the state of New York, he traveled to the West Coast during the California Gold Rush and settled in Nevada's Eagle Valley, where Carson City was established.

Curry served as an assemblyman of the Nevada Territorial Legislature from 1862 to 1863 and was a territorial senator from 1863 to 1864. He was also the first superintendent of the Carson City Mint and the first warden of Nevada State Prison. Curry donated 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land for the site of the Nevada State Capitol, for which the state prison quarry provided the stone for its construction.

Curry spent the final years of his life building facilities for the Virginia and Truckee Railroad in Carson City. Though he had achieved prominence in Nevada, his wife claimed that he had only one dollar in his pocket when he died in 1873.

Carson City Mint
The Carson City Mint was a branch of the United States Mint in Carson City, Nevada. It primarily minted silver coins; however, it also minted gold coins, with a total face value in dollars nearly equal to that of its silver coins. The mint minted coins in 21 different years.

The Carson City Mint was created in 1863 but was not put into operation until 1870. It ran until 1885, went on a hiatus, and resumed operations in 1889, after which it ran until 1893, when it closed permanently. It is now the Nevada State Museum, Carson City.
Wax Museum (Jay and the Americans album)
Wax Museum is the eighth studio album by Jay and the Americans released on February 28, 1970.  The album went to #105 on the Billboard 200 chart, reached #68 on the Cashbox chart, and #71 in Canada.
The album was the group's last charting album.

The group's cover of The Ronettes' song "Walkin' in the Rain" hit #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1970, and #17 in Canada.

Walking in the Rain (The Ronettes song)
"Walking in the Rain" is a song written by Barry Mann, Phil Spector, and Cynthia Weil. It was originally recorded by the girl group the Ronettes in 1964 who had a charting hit with their version. Jay and the Americans released a charting hit cover of the song in 1969. The song has since been recorded by many other artists over the years, including the Walker Brothers.
Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.

He worked initially as a cardinal, and after becoming the successor of Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Gregory VII and of his own cousin Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of papal supremacy.

Pope Honorius III
Pope Honorius III (c. 1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of important administrative positions, including that of Camerlengo. In 1197, he became tutor to the young Frederick II. As pope, he worked to promote the Fifth Crusade, which had been planned under his predecessor, Innocent III. Honorius repeatedly exhorted King Andrew II of Hungary and Emperor Frederick II to fulfill their vows to participate. He also gave approval to the recently formed Dominican and Franciscan religious orders.
Styria (Slovenia)
Littoral

Carniola: 2a Upper, 2b Inner, 2c Lower

Carinthia

Styria

Prekmurje

Styria (/ˈstɪəriə/; Slovene: Štajerska [ˈʃtáːjɛɾska]), also known as Slovenian Styria (Slovenska Štajerska; Austrian German: Slowenische Steiermark) or Lower Styria (Spodnja Štajerska; Untersteiermark) to differentiate it from Austrian Styria, is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria. The population of Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia. Its largest city and urban center is Maribor, with other urban centers including Celje, Velenje, Ptuj and Trbovlje.

Ptuj
Ptuj (Slovene: [ˈptùːj] ⓘ; German: Pettau, pronounced [ˈpɛtaʊ̯] ⓘ; Latin: Poetovium/Poetovio) is the eighth-largest town of Slovenia, located in the traditional region of Styria (northeastern Slovenia). It is the seat of the Municipality of Ptuj. Being the oldest recorded city in Slovenia, it has been inhabited since the late Stone Age and developed from a Roman military fort, located at a strategically important crossing of the Drava River along a prehistoric trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic.
Bish (album)
Bish is the second album by singer/songwriter Stephen Bishop. The lead single, "Everybody Needs Love", peaked at No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. and number five on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart. It did better in Canada, reaching No. 29 and peaking at number two on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart.  The album itself rose to No. 35 on the Billboard pop albums chart.

Notable contributors to the album include Art Garfunkel, Chaka Khan, Natalie Cole and Michael McDonald. At the end of the track "Vagabond from Heaven", a large group, "The Whistling Bishettes", is heard. The group includes several famous non-musicians: actress Carrie Fisher, film director John Landis and then-Rolling Stone writer Cameron Crowe.

Stephen Bishop (singer)
Earl Stephen Bishop (born November 14, 1951) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor. His biggest hits include "On and On", "It Might Be You", and "Save It for a Rainy Day". He has also written songs for many other artists, such as Barbra Streisand, Phil Collins, and Art Garfunkel. He has contributed music and acted in films including National Lampoon's Animal House.
Bryan Davies (singer)
Bryan Davies  (born 4 July 1944) is a British-born Australian pop music singer and entertainer. He appeared on 1960s TV pop shows, Sing! Sing! Sing! and Bandstand. From March 1962, at age 17, he became the youngest person in Australia to host their own TV show, The Bryan Davies Show. The singer issued two albums, On My Way (1965) and Together by Myself (1968). His most popular singles were, "Dream Girl" (July 1961) and "Five Foot Two Eyes of Blue" (October), which both reached the top 4 on the Sydney charts.

Bandstand (TV program)
Bandstand is an Australian live pop music, variety television program screened from November 1958 to June 1972.
Featuring both local and international music artists, and produced in-house at the studios of the Nine Network in Willoughby, New South Wales, it was originally broadcast only in New South Wales, 
It became a national program in the early 1960s as the network expanded into other Australian states. The host of Bandstand for its entire existence was radio presenter and television newsreader Brian Henderson.

Although unrelated, the program was based on the concept of the American pop music show American Bandstand.