hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Q-principle
In the Neo-Gricean approach to semantics and pragmatics championed by Yale linguist Laurence Horn, the Q-principle ("Q" for "Quantity") is a reformulation of Paul Grice's maxim of quantity (see Gricean maxims) combined with the first two sub-maxims of manner. The Q-principle states: "Say as much as you can (given R)."  As such it interacts with the R-principle, which states: "Say no more than you must (given Q)."

The Q-principle leads to the implicature (or narrowing) that if the speaker did not make a stronger statement (or say more), then its denial is (implied to be) true. For instance, the inference from "He entered a house" to "He did not enter his own house" is Q-based inference, i.e. deriving from the Q-principle.

R-principle
In the Neo-Gricean approach to semantics and pragmatics advanced by Yale linguist Laurence Horn, the R-principle ("R" for "Relation") is a reformulation of Paul Grice's maxim of relation (see Gricean maxims) combining with the second sub-maxim of quantity and the third and fourth sub-maxims of manner. The R-principle states: "Say no more than you must (given Q)." As such it interacts with the Q-principle, which states: "Say as much as you can (given R)."

According to the R-principle, there is no reason to make a stronger statement (say more) if the extra information can be contributed by implicature. For instance, the inference from "He broke a finger" to "He broke a finger of his own" is an R-based inference, i.e. deriving from the R-principle, since the economy of expression implies that a more informative statement was not needed.
Marc Alexandre
Marc Alexandre  (born 30 October 1959) is a retired judoka from France, who represented his native country at two consecutive Summer Olympics (1984 and 1988). He was born in Paris.

Alexandre won the bronze medal in the men's half-lightweight division (‍–‍65 kg), alongside Austria's Josef Reiter, at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, followed by the gold medal, four years later in Seoul, South Korea in the lightweight category (‍–‍71 kg) by defeating East Germany's Sven Loll in the final.

Sven Loll
Sven Loll (born 4 April 1964 in East Berlin) is a male retired judoka from Germany, who competed for East Germany at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There he won the silver medal in the Men's Lightweight (‍–‍71 kg) division after being defeated in the final by France's Marc Alexandre.
Phong reflection model
The Phong reflection model (also called Phong illumination or Phong lighting) is an empirical model of the local illumination of points on a surface designed by the computer graphics researcher Bui Tuong Phong. In 3D computer graphics, it is sometimes referred to as "Phong shading", particularly if the model is used with the interpolation method of the same name and in the context of pixel shaders or other places where a lighting calculation can be referred to as “shading”.

Specular highlight
A specular highlight is the bright spot of light that appears on shiny objects when illuminated (for example, see image on right).  Specular highlights are important in 3D computer graphics, as they provide a strong visual cue for the shape of an object and its location with respect to light sources in the scene.
Caloy Garcia
Carlos Jose "Caloy" Garcia is a Filipino professional basketball coach and former TV host. He is an assistant coach for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) and the De La Salle Green Archers (UAAP)

De La Salle Green Archers basketball
The De La Salle Green Archers are the collegiate men's basketball team of De La Salle University, which play in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), a collegiate athletic league composed of major universities in the Philippines.
Blues in Orbit (Gil Evans album)
Blues in Orbit is an album by jazz composer, arranger, conductor and pianist Gil Evans, recorded in 1969 and 1971 by Evans with an orchestra featuring Jimmy Cleveland, Howard Johnson, Billy Harper, and Joe Beck. The album was originally released on the short-lived Ampex label (with a different running order) as Gil Evans (1970) but received wider release on the Enja label under this title.

Howard Johnson (jazz musician)
Howard Lewis Johnson (August 7, 1941 – January 11, 2021) was an American jazz musician, known mainly for his work on tuba and baritone saxophone, although he also played the bass clarinet, trumpet, and other reed instruments. He is known to have expanded the tuba’s known capacities in jazz.

Johnson was known for his extensive work as a sideman, notably with George Gruntz, Hank Crawford, and Gil Evans. As a leader, he fronted the tuba ensemble Gravity and released three albums during the 1990s for Verve Records; the first Arrival, was a tribute to Pharoah Sanders.
Kuishinbo Kamen
Akinori Tsukioka (月岡 明則, Tsukioka Akinori, born August 19, 1975) is a Japanese professional wrestler better known as Kuishinbo Kamen (くいしんぼう仮面, Kuishinbō Kamen), a masked clown character. Kuishinbo Kamen is Japanese for "Gluttonous Mask". For a while he was forced to give up the Kuishinbo Kamen character, instead he worked as "Super Robo K", a futuristic Robot character, but returned to the Kuishinbo Kamen identity later on.

Kanjyuro Matsuyama
Chiharu Watanabe (渡辺 千春, Watanabe Chiharu) is a Japanese professional wrestler, better known for his ring name Kanjyuro Matsuyama (松山 勘十郎, Matsuyama Kanjūrō). He has worked in Toryumon and Michinoku Pro Wrestling, but is more famous for his long career in Osaka Pro Wrestling. Along with Kikutaro and Stalker Ichikawa, he is considered one of the greatest three comedy wrestlers in Japan.
O (2022 film)
O is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language horror thriller film written and directed by Mahesha C. Ammalidoddy. The story of the film is written by Kiran T. G., who also produced the film under the banner Ekaakshara Films. The film stars Milana Nagaraj, Amrutha Iyengar, and Siddu Moolimani with Suchendra Prasad, Sangeetha Anil, Ramesh Pandith, and Vinay Krishnaswamy in supporting roles.

The film was released theatrically on 11 November 2022.

Milana Nagaraj
Milana Nagaraj (born 25 April) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Kannada films. Considered as one of the leading actresses in Kannada cinema, Milana is a recipient of several accolades including a Karnataka State Film Award, a Filmfare Awards South and two SIIMA Awards.

Milana made her acting debut with Nam Duniya Nam Style (2013). The same year, she received Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada nomination, for her performance in Brindavana. Post a series of failures, Milana received acclaim for her portrayal of Nidhi in Love Mocktail (2020) and its sequel Love Mocktail 2 (2022), both of which were commercial successes. For the former, she won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Kannada and SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Kannada. Further success came with Kousalya Supraja Rama (2023).

Milana is married to her co-actor Darling Krishna, with whom she has a daughter.
Theophilus Blakeney
Theophilus Blakeney (c. 1730 – 22 September 1813) was an Irish politician.

He was born the son of MP John Blakeney and his wife Grace Persse of Roxborough House, County Galway, and was a brother of Robert, John and William Blakeney.

He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Athenry from 1768 to 1776 and from 1783 to 1799. During the intervening period, he was MP for Carlingford. He saw service with the British army at Quebec and Staten Island in 1761 while Captain in the Royal Sussex Regiment. In 1763 and again in 1776, he was appointed High Sheriff of County Galway. From 1772 he served as Surveyor General for Connacht. He married in 1782 to Margaret Stafford of Gillstown, County Roscommon. Their son was John Henry Blakeney. Their daughter Bridget married Sir Richard St George, 2nd Baronet, and had several children.

John Blakeney (died 1747)
John Blakeney (c. 1703 – 21 August 1747) was an Irish Member of Parliament.

He was born the son of Robert Blakeney and Sarah née Ormsby Blakeney.

He was High Sheriff of County Galway for 1727 and 1738 and then represented Athenry in the Irish House of Commons from November 1727 to his death.

He married Grace Persse, daughter of Henry Persse of Roxborough, and was the father of Robert Blakeney, John Blakeney, Theophilus Blakeney and William Blakeney. He lived at Abbert, near Monivea.
Ferrari 488 GTE
The Ferrari 488 GTE is a grand tourer racing car built by Ferrari's in-house Competizioni GT unit, for competition in endurance racing. It was served as a replacement for the Ferrari 458 Italia GT racing car, using the Ferrari 488 GTB as a base. The car is built in accordance with the Automobile Club de l'Ouest/FIA LM GTE regulations introduced for the 2016 season, and it formerly competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship, European Le Mans Series and in the GTLM class of the IMSA SportsCar Championship. The car had its race debut at the 2016 24 Hours of Daytona, with the Scuderia Corsa and Risi Competizione teams.

Ferrari 458
The Ferrari 458 Italia (Type F142) is an Italian mid-engine sports car produced by Ferrari. The 458 is the successor of the F430, and was first officially unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was succeeded by the 488 GTB (Gran Turismo Berlinetta) in 2015.
Legislative districts of Marinduque
The legislative districts of Marinduque are the representations of the province of Marinduque in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province is currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through its lone congressional district.

Legislative districts of Quezon
The legislative districts of Quezon are the representations of the province of Quezon and the highly urbanized city of Lucena in the various national legislatures of the Philippines. The province and the city are currently represented in the lower house of the Congress of the Philippines through their first, second, third, and fourth congressional districts.
Puja Banerjee
Puja Banerjee, (born 6 February 1987) also sometimes credited as Pooja Bose or simply Pooja, is an Indian actress who appears predominantly in Bengali films and Hindi television. She is well known for playing Vrinda in the show Tujh Sang Preet Lagai Sajna, which aired on Star Plus. She participated in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (2014) and Comedy Nights Bachao (2015).

Comedy Nights Bachao
Comedy Nights Bachao (English: Comedy Nights, Help!) is an Indian Hindi-language comedy television series which premiered on 5 September 2015. The series used to air on Sunday nights on Colors TV. The series was a reality show with a format similar to Comedy Circus. It had many of the same production team members and was produced by Optimystix Entertainment. The presenters of this show were Krushna Abhishek, Sudesh Lehri, Bharti Singh Mubeen and Mona Singh.
2023 Siʻumu by-election
A by-election was held in the Siʻumu constituency in Samoa on 15 September 2023. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent member Tuʻuʻu Anasiʻi Leota from the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) in order to become an independent in November 2022. Following a protracted court battle, the seat was declared vacant in July 2023. Leota joined the Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party shortly after the triggering of the by-election and is one of three candidates who contested the seat; the other two were Tuʻuʻu Amaramo Sialaoa of the HRPP and independent Faʻalogo Kapeli Lafaele. Leota reclaimed the seat, winning with 47% of the vote. His triumph, along with the success of the FAST candidates in the two concurrent by-elections in Faleata No. 4 and Vaʻa-o-Fonoti, handed FAST a two-thirds parliamentary majority.

2023 Vaʻa-o-Fonoti by-election
A by-election was held in the Vaʻa-o-Fonoti constituency in Samoa on 15 September 2023. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent member Mauʻu Siaosi Puʻepuʻemai from the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP) in order to become an independent in November 2022. Following a protracted court battle, the seat was declared vacant in July 2023. Mau‘u subsequently joined the Faʻatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party and ran against two other candidates: former director-general of health Leausa Take Naseri for the HRPP and Feutagaʻiimealelei Osovale Brown of the newly founded Constitution Democracy Republic Party (CDRP). Mauʻu achieved a landslide victory, reclaiming the seat with 74% of the vote, while the HRPP candidate, who placed second, received 21%. As a result of FAST winning Vaʻa-o-Fonoti and the simultaneous Faleata No. 4 and Siʻumu by-elections, the party gained a parliamentary two-thirds majority.
Team Scotland Roller Derby
Team Scotland Roller Derby represents Scotland in women's international roller derby, in events such as the Roller Derby World Cup.  The team was first formed to compete at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup, and finished the tournament in eleventh place.

Team Scotland played two warm-up matches for the World Cup, beating both a "rest of Scotland" team, and the "Northern All-Stars", consisting of skaters from the north of England.

At the World Cup, Scotland lost narrowly to New Zealand, 124 to 111, and overwhelmingly to Team USA, 435 to 1.  Although this led to them becoming the lowest-ranked team in the consolation stage, they beat Team Argentina and later beat Team Brazil, to finish eleventh out of thirteen teams.

Argentina All Stars
The Argentina All Stars represent Argentina in women's international roller derby.  The team was first formed to compete at the 2011 Roller Derby World Cup, and finished the tournament in last place, out of thirteen teams. They improved on this placing at the 2014 edition, finishing 8th overall.
Iodine monoxide
Iodine monoxide is a binary inorganic compound of iodine and oxygen with the chemical formula IO•. A free radical, this compound is the simplest of many iodine oxides. It is similar to the oxygen monofluoride, chlorine monoxide and bromine monoxide radicals.

Bromine monoxide radical
Bromine monoxide is a binary inorganic compound of bromine and oxygen with the chemical formula BrO. A free radical, this compound is the simplest of many bromine oxides. The compound is capable of influencing atmospheric chemical processes. Naturally, BrO can be found in volcanic plumes. BrO is similar to the oxygen monofluoride, chlorine monoxide and iodine monoxide radicals.
29 Acacia Avenue
29 Acacia Avenue  (U.S. title: The Facts of Love) is a1945 British comedy-drama film directed by Henry Cass and starring Gordon Harker, Betty Balfour and Jimmy Hanley. It was written by Muriel and Sydney Box based on the 1944 play by Denis and Mabel Constanduros.

Betty Balfour
Betty Balfour (born Florence Lilian Woods; 27 March 1902 – 4 November 1977) was an English screen actress, popular during the silent era, and known as the "British Mary Pickford" and "Britain's Queen of Happiness". She was best known to audiences for her Squibs series of films.
Iouik
Iouik, also spelled Iwik, is a coastal town in western Mauritania. Located in the Banc d'Arguin National Park within the Dakhlet Nouadhibou region, it sits on a small peninsula.

Nearby towns and villages include Uad Guenifa (73.4 nm), Cansado (72.0 nm), Tanoudert (21.5 nm), Akjoujt (108.4 nm), El Mamghar (32.4 nm), Regbet Thila (28.6 nm) and Tikattane (50.1 nm) .

Iouik is very close to the island of Tidra lying in the southwest some 3 km distant, further west is Niroumi and around 10 km north are the Kiaone islands.

Tikattane
Tikattane is a coastal town in western Mauritania. It is located in Akjoujt department in the Inchiri Region

Nearby towns and villages include El Mamghar (25.6 nm), Regbet Thila (26.5 nm), Iouik (50.1 nm), Akjoujt (113.2 nm), Portendick (27.8 nm) and Tanit (27.1 nm).
2012–13 Hong Kong First Division League
The 2012–13 Hong Kong First Division League, also known as 2012–13 Red MR Hong Kong First Division League for sponsorship reasons, was the 101st since its establishment.

Kitchee were the defending champions, won their 5th Hong Kong title in the previous season. The season featured 8 teams from the 2011–12 Hong Kong First Division League and two new teams promoted from 2011–12 Hong Kong Second Division League: Kam Fung, which then renamed as Biu Chun Rangers, and Southern District who replace relegated Sham Shui Po and Hong Kong Sapling.

Kitchee SC
Kitchee Sports Club (Chinese: 傑志體育會; Jyutping: Git6zi3 Tai2juk6wui2; [kit̚˨ tsi˧ tʰɐj˧˥ jʊk̚˨ wuj˧˥]; pinyin: Jiézhì tǐyù huì) is a Hong Kong professional football club based in Kowloon. It was founded in 1931 and currently competes in the Hong Kong Premier League.

The club has won 12 league titles, including six Hong Kong First Division titles and six Hong Kong Premier League titles. They also won nine Senior Shields and seven Hong Kong FA Cups. The club is also the first Hong Kong club to win a game in AFC Champions League group stage and to advance to the round of 16 of the competition.
Kate Roberts (Days of Our Lives)
Kate Roberts is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network. The matriarch of the series' Roberts family, the role was originated by Deborah Adair in 1993, and is currently played by (and most associated with) Lauren Koslow, who has held the role since 1996. Kate is the mother of Austin Reed, Billie Reed, Lucas Horton, Philip Kiriakis, and the twins Cassie and Rex Brady. Kate is the wife of Roman Brady, the ex-wife of Curtis Reed, Victor Kiriakis and Stefano DiMera, and is the widow of André DiMera. She is known for getting what she wants via scheming.

Lauren Koslow
Lauren Alice Koslow (born March 9, 1953) is an American actress, best known for her long-running portrayal of Kate Roberts on the NBC dramatic serial Days of Our Lives, which she has played continuously since 1996. She previously appeared in the soaps The Bold and the Beautiful and The Young and the Restless.
Lath and plaster
Lath and plaster is a building process used to finish mainly interior dividing walls and ceilings. It consists of narrow strips of wood (laths) which are nailed horizontally across the wall studs or ceiling joists and then coated in plaster. The technique derives from an earlier, more primitive process called wattle and daub.

Lath and plaster largely fell out of favour in the U.K. after the introduction of plasterboard in the 1930s. In Canada and the United States, wood lath and plaster remained in use until the process was replaced by transitional methods followed by drywall (the North American term for plasterboard) in the mid-twentieth century.

Lath
A lath or slat is a thin, narrow strip of straight-grained wood used under roof shingles or tiles, on lath and plaster walls and ceilings to hold plaster, and in lattice and trellis work.

Lath has expanded to mean any type of backing material for plaster. This includes metal wire mesh or expanded metal that is applied to a wood or metal framework as matrix over which stucco or plaster is applied, as well as drywall products called gypsum or rock lath. Historically, reed mat was also used as a lath material.

One of the key elements of lath, whether wooden slats or wire mesh, are the openings or gaps that allow plaster or stucco to ooze behind and form a mechanical bond to the lath. This is not necessary for gypsum lath, which relies on a chemical bond.
Waalo
Waalo (Wolof: Waalo) was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what is now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish emirates; to the south was the kingdom of Cayor; to the east was Jolof.

Kingdom of Jolof
The Kingdom of Jolof (Arabic: جولوف), also known as Wolof and Wollof, was a West African rump state located in what is today the nation of Senegal. For nearly two hundred years, the Wolof rulers of the Jolof Empire collected tribute from vassal kings' states who voluntarily agreed to the confederacy. At the 1549 Battle of Danki, however, the Buurba Jolof was defeated by the lord of Kayor, resulting in the rapid disintegration of the empire. Jolof survived as a rump state, unable to access the Atlantic trade between its former vassal territories and the Portuguese.
Osterfjorden
Osterfjorden is a fjord in Vestland county, Norway. The fjord is one of three fjords surrounding the island of Osterøy. The fjord runs along the border of Alver Municipality and Osterøy Municipality. The fjord begins at the Romarheimsfjorden and flows to the west for 27 kilometres (17 mi) before ending near the village of Knarvik at the confluence of four fjords: Osterfjorden, Radfjorden (to the north), Sørfjorden (to the south), and Salhusfjorden (to the west). The Osterfjorden is generally about 1 to 3 kilometres (0.62 to 1.86 mi) wide and the deepest point in the fjord reaches a depth of 639 metres (2,096 ft) below sea level.

The following villages lie along the Osterfjorden: Knarvik, Hamre, Leknes, Eikanger, Hosanger, Fotlandsvåg, Ostereidet, and Tysso. Historically, the old Hosanger Municipality encompassed the land on both sides of the fjord, with the fjord running through the middle of the municipality.

Salhusfjorden
Salhusfjorden is a 4-kilometer (2.5 mi) long fjord and sound between Bergen Municipality and Alver Municipality in Vestland county, Norway. To the west, it starts between the villages of Salhus and Frekhaug, where the Byfjorden meets the Herdlefjorden. To the east, the fjord ends between the village of Knarvik and the Hordvikneset peninsula, where the Osterfjorden runs northeast, the Sørfjorden runs southeast, and the Radfjorden runs north. The fjord is up to 500 meters (1,600 ft) deep. It acts as one of the borders between the districts of Midhordland to the south and Nordhordland to the north. The islands of Holsnøy and Flatøy lie along the northern side of the fjord.
Nick Malceski
Nick Malceski (born 15 August 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans and Gold Coast Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A running defender, he was part of the Sydney line-up that won the 2012 AFL Grand Final, and in total played 176 games for the club between 2005 and 2014. He was named in the 2014 All-Australian team, but at the end of that season joined the Gold Coast, where he played two seasons (consisting of 34 games) before retiring at the end of the 2016 season.

2012 AFL Grand Final
The 2012 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the Sydney Swans at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 29 September 2012. It was the 117th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2012 AFL season. The match, attended by 99,683 spectators, was won by Sydney by 10 points, marking the club's fifth VFL/AFL premiership victory. Sydney's Ryan O'Keefe was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.
Tours station
Tours station (French: Gare de Tours) is a railway station serving the city of Tours, Indre-et-Loire department, western France. It is situated on the Paris–Bordeaux railway, the Tours–Saint-Nazaire railway, and the non-electrified Tours–Le Mans railway. The Gare de Tours is a terminus; most TGV trains only serve the nearby Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps.

Tours–Saint-Nazaire railway
The railway from Tours to Saint-Nazaire is an important French 282-kilometre long railway line, following the lower course of the river Loire. It is used for passenger (express, regional and suburban) and freight traffic. The railway was opened in several stages between 1848 and 1857.