hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Disputation of Tortosa
The Disputation of Tortosa was one of the famous ordered disputations between Christians and Jews of the Middle Ages, a series of sixty nine sessions held in the years 1413–1414 in the city of Tortosa, Principality of Catalonia (Crown of Aragon, part of modern-day Spain). According to the Jewish Encyclopedia it was not a free and authentic debate,  but was an attempt by Christians to force conversion on the Jews.

Among the participants on the Jewish side were Profiat Duran and Yosef Albo as well as other rabbinic scholars such as Moshe ben Abbas, and Astruc ha-Levi. Each one was a representative of a different community. Vincent Ferrer, later canonised, was an important participant on the Christian side.  As a followup of the disputations, in May 1415, a papal bull forbade the study of the Talmud.

Vincent Ferrer
Vincent Ferrer, OP (Valencian: Sant Vicent Ferrer [ˈsaɱ viˈsɛɱ feˈreɾ]; Spanish: San Vicente Ferrer; Italian: San Vincenzo Ferreri; German: Sankt Vinzenz Ferrer; Dutch: Sint-Vincent Ferrer; French: Saint Vincent Ferrier; 23 January 1350 – 5 April 1419) was a Valencian Dominican friar who gained acclaim as a preacher, missionary and logician. After supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has been credited in some sources as converting 25,000 Jews to Catholicism, other sources indicate that they involved supporting coercive means, such as the forcible conversion of synagogues into churches. He was canonized in 1455.
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 31
Season thirty-one of Dancing with the Stars premiered on Disney+ on September 19, 2022, and concluded on November 21, 2022. This season marked the first live competition show to air on the streaming platform and the only season to not air on ABC. Tyra Banks returned as host, while season 19 champion Alfonso Ribeiro joined as co-host.

Social media personality Charli D'Amelio and Mark Ballas were crowned the champions, while The Bachelorette star Gabby Windey and Val Chmerkovskiy finished in second place, comedian Wayne Brady and Witney Carson finished in third place, and drag queen Shangela and Gleb Savchenko finished in fourth.

This marked the last season for host Tyra Banks and longtime judge Len Goodman, who retired at the conclusion of the season, prior to his death five months later.

Alfonso Ribeiro
Alfonso Lincoln Ribeiro (born September 21, 1971) is an American actor, comedian, and television host. In a career spanning over four decades, he is best known for his role as Carlton Banks on the NBC television sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1990–1996), as well as his performances on Silver Spoons (1984–1987) and In the House (1996–1999).

Ribeiro started his career as a child actor and gained recognition for his titular performance in the Broadway musical The Tap Dance Kid. He later competed in the thirteenth season of the British survival show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Ribeiro currently hosts ABC's video clip series America's Funniest Home Videos and co-hosts its reality competition series Dancing with the Stars with Julianne Hough. He won the latter program's nineteenth season alongside professional dancer Witney Carson, with whom he presented the GSN game show Catch 21.
PROGRESS World Championship
The Progress World Championship is a professional wrestling World championship created and promoted by the British professional wrestling promotion Progress Wrestling. The current champion is Man Like DeReiss, who is in his first reign. He won the title by defeating Luke Jacobs in a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match at Progress Chapter 183: Hundred Volts  in London, England on August 25, 2025.

Progress Chapter 183: Hundred Volts
The Chapter 183: Hundred Volts was a professional wrestling event produced by Progress Wrestling. It took place on 25 August 2025 in London, England, at the Electric Ballroom.

Eight matches were contested at the event. The main event saw Man Like DeReiss defeat Luke Jacobs in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match to win the PROGRESS World Championship.
Alabama State Route 207
State Route 207 (SR 207) is a 13.959-mile-long (22.465 km) route that serves as a connection between U.S. Route 72 (US 72) in Rogersville in Lauderdale County and the Tennessee state line. After crossing the state line, it becomes Tennessee State Route 11 (SR 11).

Lauderdale County, Alabama
Lauderdale County is a county located in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2020 census the population was 93,564. Its county seat is Florence. Its name is in honor of Colonel James Lauderdale, of Tennessee. Lauderdale is part of the Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as "The Shoals".
Deoghar Airport
Deoghar Airport (IATA: DGH, ICAO: VEDO) is a domestic airport serving Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand, India. It is situated approximately 12 kilometres (7.4 mi) from the city centre. The airport has been primarily developed to serve the region of North-Eastern part of Jharkhand and some districts of West Bengal and Bihar. It also caters millions of pilgrims of Baidyanath Temple across the country and Sammed Shikarji for Jains. It is spread over 654 acres (265 ha). The airport has a 2,500 meter long runway, capable of handling Airbus A320, A321 and Boeing 737 type of aircraft. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the airport on 25 May 2018, and it was opened on 12 July 2022.

Deoghar
Deoghar (pronounced Devghar) is a city and a municipal corporation in Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is also the administrative headquarters of Deoghar district. It is a holy place of Hinduism. The city is primarily known for Baidyanath Temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. The sacred temples of the city make this a place for pilgrimage and tourists. The city is very sacred to the followers of Hinduism.

The city is administrative headquarter of Deoghar District which comes under Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand. It is the fifth largest city in Jharkhand and also known as the cultural capital of Jharkhand.
Russian hook
A Russian hook is a punch, used in Russian combat sports, which resembles a traditional boxing hook yet keeping the puncher's thumb towards the floor. Its name is a Japanese wasei-eigo, Russian hook (ロシアン・フック, roshian fukku), coined by Satoru Sayama due to its association with mixed martial arts in Japan, where it was popularized by Igor Vovchanchyn and Fedor Emelianenko. In karate it is classified as an inverted strike or uraken and called furi uchi or mawashi uchi (回し打ち).

Igor Vovchanchyn
Igor Yaroslavovych Vovchanchyn (vov-CHUN-chin, Ukrainian: Ігор Ярославович Вовчанчин; born August 6, 1973) is a retired Ukrainian mixed martial artist and kickboxer, who competed in early no holds barred MMA contests. After making his professional MMA debut in 1995, he won nine openweight mixed martial arts tournaments (back when tournament format required 3 to 4 consecutive bare-knuckle fights during the same night) and 3 superfights. As of July 2024, Vovchanchyn holds the longest unbeaten streak in MMA history (at 40 fights, shared with Travis Fulton) and is the second most successful MMA fighter ever by number of wins achieved by way of knockout. Vovchanchyn has an MMA tournament named after him, the Igor Vovchanchyn Cup.
Public Security (Czechoslovakia)
Public Security (Czech: Veřejná bezpečnost [VB], Slovak: Verejná bezpečnosť [VB], lit. 'Public Safety') was the regular police force of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR), created in 1945 as a branch of the National Security Corps (Sbor národní bezpečnosti), which also included State Security (Státní bezpečnost).

StB
State Security (Czech: Státní bezpečnost, Slovak: Štátna bezpečnosť), or StB / ŠtB, was the secret police force in communist Czechoslovakia from 1945 to its dissolution in 1990. Serving as an intelligence and counter-intelligence agency, it dealt with any activity that was considered opposition to the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the state.
George Chaffey
George Chaffey (28 January 1848 – 1 March 1932) was a Canadian engineer, inventor and entrepreneur who with his brother William developed large parts of Southern California, including what became the community of Etiwanda and the cities of Ontario, and Upland. They undertook similar developments in Australia, which became the city of Mildura, and the town of Renmark and Paringa.

Etiwanda, Rancho Cucamonga, California
34°07′27″N 117°31′27″W﻿ / ﻿34.124127°N 117.524199°W﻿ / 34.124127; -117.524199
Etiwanda is the easternmost of three formerly unincorporated communities that became part of Rancho Cucamonga, California, in 1977.
Jennifer Rubin (actress)
Jennifer Collene Rubin (born April 3, 1962) is an American actress. Her first major role was Taryn White in the 1987 horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors: 152  and has since starred in a variety of films including Andrew Fleming's Bad Dreams (1988), Marisa Silver's Permanent Record (1988), Oliver Stone's  The Doors (1991), Alan Shapiro's The Crush (1993), Louis Venosta's The Coriolis Effect (1994), Christian Duguay's Screamers (1995), and the 2001 Dogme 95 inspired film Reunion. Outside of film, Rubin has guest starred on a variety of television series such as The Twilight Zone (1987) and Tales from the Crypt (1992). In 2010, Rubin appeared as herself in the documentary Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy and has since worked as a writer, producer and director on her original screenplays.

The Coriolis Effect
The Coriolis Effect is a 1994 short black-and-white film starring James Wilder, Jennifer Rubin, Dana Ashbrook and Corinne Bohrer, featuring a voice-only appearance from Quentin Tarantino. It was written and directed by Louis Venosta, and it was produced by Kathryn Arnold and Secondary Modern Motion Pictures.
Veøy Municipality
Veøy is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 247-square-kilometre (95 sq mi) municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Molde Municipality and Rauma Municipality in the traditional district of Romsdal. The administrative centre was located on the small island of Veøya where the Old Veøy Church is located (the island was also the namesake of the municipality).

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 247.1-square-kilometre (95.4 sq mi) municipality was the 329th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Veøy Municipality was the 406th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 2,208. The municipality's population density was 8.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 8.2% over the previous 10-year period.

Voll Municipality
Voll is a former municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The 260.8-square-kilometre (100.7 sq mi) municipality existed from 1874 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now part of Rauma Municipality in the traditional district of Romsdal. The administrative centre was the village of Måndalen which is also where the main Voll Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 260.8-square-kilometre (100.7 sq mi) municipality was the 313th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Voll Municipality was the 592nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,135. The municipality's population density was 4.4 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sq mi) and its population had increased by 0.6% over the previous 10-year period.
Tsagandelta
Tsagandelta (meaning "white crest") is a genus of deltatheroidean therian mammal that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous. Distantly related to modern marsupials, it is part of Deltatheroida, a lineage of carnivorous metatherians common in the Cretaceous of Asia and among the most successful non-theropod carnivores of the region. It represents the first known mammal from the Bayan Shireh Formation.

Bayanshiree Formation
The Bayanshiree Formation (also known as Baynshiree/Baynshire, Baynshirenskaya Svita, Baysheen Shireh, or Bayan Shireh) is a geological formation in Mongolia, that dates to the Cretaceous period. It was first described and established by Vasiliev et al. 1959.
U. C. Chaturvedi
Umesh Chandra Chaturvedi (2 March 1939 – 28 December 2021) was an Indian virologist, immunologist, medical microbiologist, CSIR Emeritus Scientist and a former chairman of the Bharat Immunologicals and Biologicals Corporation. The founder head of the department of microbiology at King George's Medical University, he is known for his studies on Dengue virus infection. Chaturvedi is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. Indian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, India and the Indian National Science Academy as well as the Royal College of Pathologists and National Academy of Medical Sciences. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1981.

King George's Medical University
King George's Medical University (KGMU) is a public medical university located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was formerly a constituent medical college of the University of Lucknow and was separated and raised to the status of a state university by an Act passed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh on 16 September 2002. It is the only government medical institution to have been awarded the NAAC A++ grade in the state of Uttar Pradesh.

The university has about 1250 undergraduate students (including 280 dental students) and 450 postgraduate students.

About 250 students a year are admitted to the four-and-a-half-year course of study for the degree of M.B.B.S.
El Brendel
Elmer Goodfellow "El" Brendel /ˈɛl brɛnˈdɛl/ (March 25, 1890 – April 9, 1964) was an American vaudeville comedian turned movie star, notable for his dialect routine as a Swedish immigrant. His biggest role was as "Single-0" in the sci-fi musical Just Imagine (1930), produced by Fox Film Corporation. His screen name was pronounced "El Bren-DEL".

Just Imagine (film)
Just Imagine is a 1930 American pre-Code science fiction musical-comedy film, directed by David Butler. The film is known for its art direction and special effects in its portrayal of New York City in an imagined 1980. Just Imagine stars El Brendel, Maureen O'Sullivan, John Garrick and Marjorie White. The "man from 1930" was played by El Brendel.

The film starts with a preamble showing life in 1880, where the people believed themselves the "last word in speed". It switches to 1930, with the streets crowded with automobiles and lined with electric lights and telephone wires. It then switches to 1980, where the tenement houses have morphed into 250-story buildings, connected by suspension bridges and multi-lane elevated roads.
Jac Constable
Jac Constable (born 6 December 1997 in Fleet, Hampshire) is a British racing driver who currently competes in TCR UK and serves as a BTCC development driver, both for Power Maxed Racing. Constable made his British Touring Car Championship debut at Croft in 2020, however he withdrew after qualifying due to appendicitis.

2020 British Touring Car Championship
The 2020 Kwik Fit British Touring Car Championship (commonly abbreviated as BTCC) was a motor racing championship for production-based touring cars held across England and Scotland. The championship featured a mix of professional motor racing teams and privately funded amateur drivers competing in highly modified versions of family cars which are sold to the general public and conform to the technical regulations for the championship. The 2020 season was the 63rd British Touring Car Championship season and the tenth season for cars conforming to the Next Generation Touring Car (NGTC) technical specification. The Championship was won by Ashley Sutton.
Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)
The Liberal Democrat Headquarters is the principal centre of operations and offices of the British Liberal Democrats. As of September 2025, the headquarters of the party is located at 66 Buckingham Gate, London, SW1E 6AU. The headquarters is located within two miles of the Houses of Parliament, as are the Labour Party Headquarters and the Conservative Campaign Headquarters (formerly known as Conservative Central Office).

Scottish Liberal Democrats have their own headquarters, which are located at Clifton Terrace in Edinburgh, whilst the Welsh Liberal Democrats' headquarters are based at Bute Street, in Cardiff.

Buckingham Gate
Buckingham Gate is a street in Westminster, London, England, near Buckingham Palace. It contains a number of embassies, hotels and businesses, and since September 2025, includes Liberal Democrat Headquarters, housing one of Parliament's three largest political parties, which is based at 66 Buckingham Gate.

The roadways of Buckingham Gate were first constructed in 1680, but were known by different names. Prior to 1820, the name of Buckingham Gate referred to an actual gate with a gatehouse and a gate guard, controlling access to the Queen's Palace and the Wellington Barracks, siting on the border of Queens Garden and St. James Park. The eastern portion of the modern Buckingham Gate was once known as Stafford Row and the Queens' Wards. The western portion was known as James Street. As well, prior to 1828, the eastern portion was reserved exclusively for use by members of the royal family.
Hold On (Justin Bieber song)
"Hold On" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was released through Def Jam Recordings as the fourth single from his sixth studio album, Justice, on March 5, 2021. Bieber wrote the song with producers Andrew Watt and Louis Bell, alongside Jon Bellion and Ali Tamposi. "Hold On" interpolates Gotye's 2011 single, "Somebody That I Used to Know", which was written by himself and Luiz Bonfá; therefore, Gotye and Bonfá are given songwriting credits on the song. A music video starring Bieber and Christine Ko was released alongside the song. The single has reached the top ten in twelve countries worldwide and has reached number four on the Billboard Global 200 chart.

Christine Ko
Christine Ko (Chinese: 葛曉潔; born 1988 or 1989) is an American actress, known for her roles as Emma on the CBS sitcom The Great Indoors, Mandi on Upload and Emma on Dave.  Before her success in America, she had a brief career in Taiwan in the early 2010s.
Titans (Canadian TV series)
Titans is a Canadian docudrama series that was produced for the 1981/82 season by CBC and Citytv (Titans Television Limited). The shows premise revolves around staged interviews conducted by Patrick Watson with an actor who portrays a historical figure, conceptually similar to Watson's earlier series, Witness to Yesterday.

The program began as a summer series on CBC Television starting 3 July 1981. And its initial run ended on 25 September 1981. A second run of the series aired from 18 April to 22 August 1982.

Patrick Watson (producer)
Patrick Watson CC (December 23, 1929 – July 4, 2022) was a Canadian broadcaster, television and radio interviewer and host, author, commentator, actor, television writer, producer, and director for five decades.
DR1 diesel train
The DR1  (Russian: Дизельпоезд Рижский 1) (English: Diesel-train Riga 1) diesel trainset was manufactured by Rīgas Vagonbūves Rūpnīca from 1963 to 1998. In 2025 DR1 trainsets (different modifications) are still in use in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. They remained in use by Edelaraudtee in Estonia until 2014 and by Russian Railways in Russia until 2016.

Edelaraudtee
Edelaraudtee (Southwestern railway) is a private Estonian railway infrastructure owner and freight operator that operates the railway lines from Tallinn to Viljandi and from Lelle to Pärnu.

Founded in 1997, Edelaraudtee operates freight services on lines from Tallinn to Rapla, Pärnu & Viljandi owned by Edelaraudtee Infrastruktuuri AS and part of AS Go Group. Prior to 2014, the company also operated the domestic inter-city passenger routes that are currently operated by Elron. Before the transfer of the passenger traffic to Elron, Edelaraudtee employed around 500 staff and carried approximately 1.8 million passengers per year.
Later That Evening
Later That Evening is an album by German double bassist and composer Eberhard Weber, which was recorded in March 1982 and released on ECM later that year. The quintet features reed player Paul McCandless, percussionist Michael Di Pasqua, guitarist Bill Frisell, and pianist Lyle Mays.

Paul McCandless
Paul Brownlee McCandless Jr. (born March 24, 1947) is an American multi-instrumentalist and founding member of the American jazz group Oregon. He is one of the few jazz oboists. He also plays bass clarinet, English horn, flute, penny whistle, tenor saxophone, sopranino saxophone,  and soprano saxophone.
Husband Hill
Husband Hill is one of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars, which are close to the landing site of NASA's Spirit rover. It was named in honor of Rick Husband, the commander of the Space Shuttle Columbia when it disintegrated upon atmospheric reentry (see Space Shuttle Columbia disaster).

In 2005, the Spirit rover, as part of its exploration of its landing site, slowly climbed to the top of Husband Hill. It reached the summit on August 21, 2005, and began its descent on September 25, 2005, after spending nearly two months examining the outcrops and views of the summit plateau before moving on. Named areas on the hill include the "Cumberland Ridge", where rocks with higher than normal phosphorus content exist, and "El Dorado", a dark albedo feature on the south side.

Husband Hill rises about 351 ft (107 m) above surrounding plains.

Columbia Hills (Mars)
The Columbia Hills are a range of low hills inside Gusev crater on Mars. They were observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit when it landed within the crater in 2004. They were promptly given an unofficial name by NASA since they were the most striking nearby feature on the surface. The hills lie approximately 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the rover's original landing position. The range is named to memorialize the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. On February 2, 2004, the individual peaks of the Columbia Hills were named after the seven astronauts who died in the disaster. Spirit spent a few years exploring the Columbia Hills until it ceased to function in 2010. It was also considered a potential landing site for the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, before the selection of Jezero crater in November 2018.
1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
The 1983–84 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 1983 and ended with the Final Four in Seattle, Washington on April 2, 1984. The Georgetown Hoyas won their first NCAA national championship with an 84–75 victory over the Houston Cougars, who were making their third consecutive appearance in the Final Four.

1983–84 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team
The 1983–84 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team represented Georgetown University in the 1983–84 NCAA Division I college basketball season. John Thompson coached them in his 12th season as head coach. They played their home games at the Capital Centre in Landover, Maryland, except for one game played at McDonough Gymnasium on the Georgetown campus in Washington, D.C. The team was a member of the Big East Conference and finished the season with a record of 34–3 overall, 14–2 in Big East play. They won both the Big East regular-season championship, the 1984 Big East tournament championship, and they defeated Houston in the 1984 NCAA tournament final to win the only national championship in Georgetown history.