hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pope Anacletus
Pope Anacletus (born c. AD 15 – died c. AD 92), also known as Cletus, was the bishop of Rome, following Peter and Linus. Anacletus served between c. AD 80 and his death, c. AD 92. Cletus was a Roman who, during his tenure as pope, ordained a number of priests and is traditionally credited with setting up about twenty-five parishes in Rome. Although the precise dates of his pontificate are uncertain, he "died a martyr, perhaps about 91". Cletus is mentioned in the Roman Canon of the mass; his feast day is April 26.

Pope Linus
Pope Linus (/ˈlaɪnəs/ ⓘ; Greek: Λῖνος, Linos; died c. 80) was the bishop of Rome from c. 68 to his death in 80. He is generally regarded as the second bishop of Rome, after Saint Peter.  As with all the early popes, he was canonized.

According to Irenaeus, Linus is the same person as the one mentioned in the New Testament. Linus is mentioned in the valediction of the Second Epistle to Timothy (2 Timothy 4:21) as being with Paul the Apostle in Rome near the end of Paul's life.
Second Ma–Xi meeting
On 10 April 2024, Ma Ying-jeou, the former president of the Republic of China (Taiwan; ROC), and Xi Jinping, the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and president of the People's Republic of China (mainland China; PRC), met in Beijing. The meeting was the second meeting between Xi and Ma; the pair previously met in Singapore in 2015, when Ma was still the incumbent president. The meeting was part of Ma's 2024 visit to mainland China, his second visit during his post-presidency.

First Ma–Xi meeting
On 7 November 2015, Ma Ying-jeou, Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) and President of the Republic of China (Taiwan; ROC), and Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and President of the People's Republic of China (Mainland China; PRC), met in Singapore. The meeting was the first between the political leaders of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait (the two Chinas) since the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949 and the first since the meeting between Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in Chongqing during the Double Tenth Agreement in August 1945.
Bolin (The Legend of Korra)
Bolin (愽林, Bó Lín) is a major fictional character in Nickelodeon's animated television series The Legend of Korra, which aired from 2012 to 2014. He is part of the Avatar: The Last Airbender world. The character and the series, a sequel to Avatar: The Last Airbender, were created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. He is voiced by P. J. Byrne. Bolin is able to manipulate the classical element of earth, which is known as earthbending. It is revealed in the third season that he is also able to create and control lava, which is a very rare sub-ability called lavabending.

Lin Beifong
Lin Beifong (北方琳, Běifāng Lín) is a fictional major character, voiced by Mindy Sterling, in Nickelodeon's animated television series The Legend of Korra, which aired from 2012 to 2014. She is part of the Avatar: The Last Airbender world. The character and the series, a sequel to Avatar: The Last Airbender, were created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. Lin's mother, Toph Beifong, greatly aided the previous avatar, Aang, in his efforts to save the Earth Kingdom from destruction. Lin is the older of Toph's two daughters.
DiGiCo
DiGiCo is a British company based in Chessington, England that designs, markets, and manufactures digital mixing consoles and other audio technologies for the live sound, musical theatre, broadcast, and installed sound markets. Originally founded from console manufacturer Soundtracs, DiGiCo is part of the Audiotonix Group.

Audiotonix
Audiotonix Group, Ltd. is a British multinational holding company established in 2014 and headquartered in Greater London, United Kingdom. Audiotonix companies design and manufacture mixing consoles and professional audio equipment for live events and broadcast sound.
The White Storm
The White Storm, formerly known as The Cartels War (Chinese: 掃毒) is a 2013 action film directed by Benny Chan. A Hong Kong-Chinese co-production, the film stars Sean Lau, Louis Koo, and Nick Cheung. The film had its world premiere at the 2013 Hong Kong Asian Film Festival on 25 October 2013.

A sequel titled The White Storm 2: Drug Lords was released on 16 July 2019, with Koo returning, Andy Lau joining the cast as well as producing and Herman Yau directing.

Nick Cheung
Nicholas Cheung Ka-fai (Chinese: 張家輝; Jyutping: zoeng1 gaa1 fai1; born 2 December 1964) is a Hong Kong actor, singer and director. He first gained recognition for his roles in The Conman (1998) and The Tricky Master (1999). He went on to star in the films Beast Stalker (2008), The Stool Pigeon (2010), Nightfall (2012), Unbeatable (2013), The White Storm (2013), Helios (2015), Keeper of Darkness (2015), Line Walker (2016), Bodies at Rest (2019), and Peg O' My Heart (2024). For his performances in Beast Stalker and Unbeatable, Cheung was awarded the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Actor.
Maryanne Stevens
Maryanne Stevens RSM (born 1947/1948) is an American theologian, academic administrator, and religious sister who is the president emerita of the College of Saint Mary. She was the seventh president from 1996 to 2023.

College of Saint Mary
The College of Saint Mary is a private Catholic women's college in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. Enrollment is approximately 850 students. It offers more than 30 undergraduate and seven graduate degree programs. The campus is located in the Aksarben Village community of Omaha. While its undergraduate students remain exclusive to females, graduate programs are co-ed.
Sceloporus occidentalis taylori
Sceloporus occidentalis taylori is a subspecies of the western fence lizard, commonly called the Sierra fence lizard. Several subspecies of the western fence lizard, a species of phrynosomatid lizard, are found in the far western part of North America. The subspecific epithet, taylori, is in honor of American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor.

Western fence lizard
The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a species of lizard native to Arizona, New Mexico, and California, as well as Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Northern Mexico.  The species is widely found in its native range and is considered common, often being seen in yards, or as the name implies, on fences. As the ventral abdomen of an adult is characteristically blue, it is also known as the blue-belly. Two western fence lizards have been reported with duplicated or forked tails, presumably following an autotomy.
Province of Pola
Province of Pola (Italian: provincia di Pola) was a province of the Kingdom of Italy created after World War I, that officially existed from 1923 until 1947. The capital (capoluogo in Italian) was Pola. After the Second World War the province of Pola became part of Yugoslavia. Following the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991, the province of Pola has been part of Croatia and Slovenia.

Province of Fiume
The Province of Fiume (or Province of Carnaro) was a province of the Kingdom of Italy from 1924 to 1943, then under control of the Italian Social Republic and German Wehrmacht from 1943 to 1945. Its capital was the city of Fiume. It took the other name after the Gulf of Carnaro (Golfo del Carnaro).

The province was divided into 13 municipalities and in 1938 had an area of 1,121.29 km2 (432.93 sq mi) with a population of 109,018 inhabitants and a population density of 109 inhabitants per square kilometre (280/sq mi).
Rancho Cosumnes
Rancho Cosumnes (also called "Rancho de Hartnell") was a 26,605-acre (107.67 km2) Mexican land grant in present-day Sacramento County, California given in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to William Edward Petty Hartnell.  The grant extended along the south bank of the Cosumnes River, across from Rancho Omochumnes.

Rancho Omochumnes
Rancho Omochumnes, also known as "Rancho Río de los Cosumnes al Norte", was a 18,662-acre (75.52 km2) Mexican land grant in present day Sacramento County, California.

It was granted in 1844 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to Jared Dixon Sheldon.  The grant extended about 17 miles (27 km) along the north bank of the Cosumnes River, opposite Rancho Cosumnes, and encompassed present day city of Elk Grove and town of Sheldon, south of Sacramento.
History of the Pitcairn Islands
The history of the Pitcairn Islands begins with the colonization of the islands by Polynesians in the 11th century. Polynesian people established a culture that flourished for four centuries and then vanished. They lived on Pitcairn and Henderson Islands, and on Mangareva Island 540 kilometres (340 mi) to the northwest, for about 400 years.

In 1790, nine of the mutineers from HMS Bounty, led by Fletcher Christian, abducted 18 native Tahitians and settled on Pitcairn Island, afterwards setting fire to the Bounty. Christian's group continued under the auspices of Ned Young and John Adams until contacted by Mayhew Folger in 1808, by which time Adams was the only surviving mutineer.

Mayhew Folger
Mayhew Folger (March 9, 1774 – September 1, 1828) was an American whaler who captained the sealing ship Topaz that rediscovered the Pitcairn Islands in 1808, whilst one of HMS Bounty's mutineers was still living.
Heroes in Crisis
Heroes in Crisis is an American comic book limited series published by DC Comics. It is  written by Tom King and illustrated by Clay Mann. Heroes in Crisis follows the "Crisis" naming convention of prior DC crossovers, but is billed as a murder-mystery. The series was published between September 2018 and May 2019. The entire storyline received mixed reviews, with critics praising the art but heavily criticizing the pacing, the ending, and the treatment of Wally West.

Tom King (writer)
Thomas Krieger King (born July 15, 1978) is an American author, comic book writer, and former CIA officer. He is best known for the comic books The Vision for Marvel Comics, The Sheriff of Babylon for the DC Comics imprint Vertigo, and Batman, Mister Miracle, and Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow for DC Comics.

In 2018, King received the Eisner Award for Best Writer for his work on Batman and Mister Miracle, sharing the award with Marjorie Liu.

In January 2023, King was announced to be a member of DC Studios's writers' room for its DC Universe media franchise of films and television. In this franchise, King's Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow miniseries is set to be adapted into the film Supergirl (2026), while King co-created the HBO series Lanterns.
Billy Boy (wrestler)
José Roberto Islas García (born June 9, 1977) is a Mexican Luchador or professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Billy Boy. Billy Boy has worked for the majority of his career in the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Asistencia Asesoría y Administración, where he most notably teamed with Alan and Decnnis to form Los Barrio Boys and works under the ring name Billy el Malo ("Billy the Evil One") as a member of Los Bizarros. Since 2004 he has been involved in a long-running storyline feud that revolves around his relationship with Faby Apache, his real-life wife, as well as his father-in-law, Gran Apache, and involved Billy Boy and Faby Apache's son Marvin.

Faby Apache
Fabiola Balbuena Torres (born 26 December 1980) is a Mexican Luchadora, or female professional wrestler, Currently signed with WWE appearing in their sister company  Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) where she performs as Faby Apache (sometimes written as "Fabi Apache").

Between 2005 and 2009, she was involved in a long running storyline that revolved around her relationship with Billy Boy, her real-life husband, as well as her father Gran Apache, sister Mari Apache and even saw Billy Boy and Faby Apache's son Marvin play a part in it. She won the 2008 Reina de Reinas tournament and has held the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship four times.
Reflux
Reflux is a technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used in industrial and laboratory distillations. It is also used in chemistry to supply energy to reactions over a long period of time.

Fractionating column
A fractionating column or fractional column is equipment used in the distillation of liquid mixtures to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on their differences in volatility. Fractionating columns are used in small-scale laboratory distillations as well as large-scale industrial distillations.
Armenia, Colombia
Armenia (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾˈme.nja]) is the capital of  Quindío Department in the South American country of Colombia. Armenia is a medium-sized city and part of the "coffee axis" along with Pereira and Manizales. It is one of the main centers of the national economy and of the Colombian coffee growing axis. As a result, the historic center of Armenia was named as part of the "Coffee Cultural Landscape" of UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.

Colombian coffee growing axis
The Coffee Axis (Spanish: Eje Cafetero) is a geographic, cultural, economic and ecological region of Colombia, located in the departments of Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío, as well as the regions of northwestern Tolima, northern and eastern Valle del Cauca and southwestern Antioquia, including the capital cities of the first four departments mentioned (Manizales, Pereira, Armenia and Ibagué, respectively).
Tony Ferguson
Anthony Armand Ferguson Padilla (born February 12, 1984) is an American professional mixed martial artist and professional boxer, and is the current MFB Middleweight Champion. As a mixed martial artist, he is a former Interim UFC Lightweight Champion A professional since 2008, and was signed to the UFC from his The Ultimate Fighter 13 win in 2011 until his departure in 2025. He is regarded as one of the greatest fighters to not gain an undisputed belt. He has trained in freestyle wrestling, boxing, jiu-jitsu, Muay Thai, and Wing Chun.

Edson Barboza
Edson Mendes Barboza Júnior (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian and American professional mixed martial artist, former Muay Thai fighter and kickboxer. He currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and has formerly competed at Lightweight.
Malcolm (film)
Malcolm is a 1986 Australian crime comedy film, written by the husband-and-wife team of David Parker and Nadia Tass, and directed by Nadia Tass (in her debut feature film as director). The film stars Colin Friels as Malcolm, a tram enthusiast who becomes involved with a pair of would-be bank robbers. His co-stars are Lindy Davies and John Hargreaves. The film won the 1986 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film, and seven other AFI awards including Best Original Screenplay and Best Director.

Colin Friels
Colin Friels (born 25 September 1952) is an Australian actor of stage, film and television. He has received numerous accolades, including AACTA/AFI Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role (for the 1986's Malcolm) and Best Lead Actor in a Television Drama (for Nine Network's Halifax f.p.), two Helpmann Awards for Best Male Actor in a Play, and two Logie Awards.
Blum axioms
In computational complexity theory the Blum axioms or Blum complexity axioms are axioms  that specify desirable properties of complexity measures on the set of computable functions. The axioms were first defined by Manuel Blum in 1967.

Importantly, Blum's speedup theorem and the gap theorem hold for any complexity measure satisfying these axioms. The most well-known measures satisfying these axioms are those of time (i.e., running time) and space (i.e., memory usage).

Gap theorem
See also Gap theorem (disambiguation) for other gap theorems in mathematics.

In computational complexity theory, the gap theorem, also known as the Borodin–Trakhtenbrot gap theorem, is a major theorem about the complexity of computable functions.

It essentially states that there are arbitrarily large computable gaps in the hierarchy of complexity classes.  For any computable function that represents an increase in computational resources, one can find a resource bound such that the set of functions computable within the expanded resource bound is the same as the set computable within the original bound.

The theorem was proved independently by Boris Trakhtenbrot and Allan Borodin.
Although Trakhtenbrot's derivation preceded Borodin's by several years, it was not known nor recognized in the West until after Borodin's work was published.
Scott Michael Foster
Scott Michael Foster  is an American actor who was born around 1985. He is best known for his roles as Captain John Paul "Cappie" Jones in the ABC Family comedy-drama series Greek (2007–11), Leo Hendrie in the ABC Family drama Chasing Life  (2014–15) and as Nathaniel Plimpton III in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (2017–19). Foster has also had recurring roles on Californication (2012), Halt and Catch Fire (2014), Once Upon a Time (2014), and You (2021).

Greek (TV series)
Greek (stylized as GRΣΣK) is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on ABC Family from July 9, 2007, to March 7, 2011. The series follows students of the fictitious Cyprus-Rhodes University (CRU), located in Ohio, who participate in the school's Greek system.
George Bowman (pioneer)
George Bowman (10 February 1699 – 2 March 1768) was an 18th-century American pioneer, landowner and a prominent fighter against Native Americans in Virginia Colony. He, along with his father-in-law Jost Hite, was one of the first to explore and settle Shenandoah Valley.  His estate, on which Fort Bowman was founded, was one of the earliest homes to be built in Shenandoah Valley and is the site of present-day Strasburg, Virginia.

Four of his sons, Joseph, Isaac, Abraham and Johannes, also became well-known frontiersmen in Kentucky during the late 1770s. His great-grandson, John Bryan Bowman founded Kentucky University and Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky.  Their older brother,  Jacob,  was also a famous American pioneer.

Fort Bowman
Fort Bowman, also known as Harmony Hall, is a historic home and national historic district located near Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. It was built in 1753, by Pennsylvania German settler George Bowman (1699–1768), father of Colonel John Bowman (1738-1784), Colonel Abraham Bowman (1749-1837), Major Joseph Bowman (c. 1752–1779), and Captain Isaac Bowman (1757-1826).  Abraham Bowman was the colonel of the 8th Virginia Regiment in the Revolutionary War. It is a two-story, rectangular limestone building with a gable roof.  The interior retains its original woodwork.  It has a later kitchen wing and iron and wood portico.  Also on the property are a contributing dairy / smokehouse and the Bowman graveyard, which includes the grave of Isaac Bowman.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.
Jeremiah 21
Jeremiah 21 is the twenty-first chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter contains a record of Jeremiah's message to King Zedekiah's emissaries (Jeremiah 21:1–10) and a warning to the House of David (Jeremiah 21:11–14).

Jeremiah 38
Jeremiah 38 is the thirty-eighth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It is numbered as Jeremiah 45 in the Septuagint. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a narrative section consisting of chapters 37 to 44. Chapter 38 records the petition from the royal officials to punish Jeremiah (verses 1–6), his confinement in the dungeon or cistern and his rescue from there (verses 7-13a), although he remains in captivity (verse 13b), a secret conversation between Jeremiah and King Zedekiah (verses 14–26), and the inquiry of Jeremiah by the king's officials (verses 27–28).
Rosy Bagolie
Rosaura "Rosy" Bagolie is an American school administrator and Democratic Party politician serving as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly for the 27th legislative district, having taken office on January 9, 2024.

Alixon Collazos-Gill
Alixon Collazos-Gill (born January 27, 1977) is an American Democratic Party politician serving as a member of the New Jersey General Assembly for the 27th legislative district, having taken office on January 9, 2024.
Myeloperoxidase
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17. MPO is most abundantly expressed in neutrophils (a subtype of white blood cells), and produces hypohalous acids to carry out their antimicrobial activity, including hypochlorous acid, the sodium salt of which is the chemical in bleach. It is a lysosomal protein stored in azurophilic granules of the neutrophil and released into the extracellular space during degranulation. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase has a heme pigment, which causes its green color in secretions rich in neutrophils, such as mucus and sputum. The green color contributed to its outdated name verdoperoxidase.

Myeloperoxidase is found in many different organisms including mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Myeloperoxidase deficiency is a well-documented disease among humans resulting in impaired immune function.

Peroxidase
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases (EC number 1.11.1.x) are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides, and should not be confused with other enzymes that produce peroxide, which are often oxidases.
Western Maori
Western Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Eastern Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Western Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Hauāuru and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.

Eastern Maori
Eastern Maori was one of New Zealand's four original parliamentary Māori electorates established in 1868, along with Northern Maori, Western Maori and Southern Maori. In 1996, with the introduction of MMP, the Maori electorates were updated, and Eastern Maori was replaced with the Te Tai Rawhiti and Te Puku O Te Whenua electorates.
Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi
Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi (Arabic: أحمد الشريف السنوسي) (1873 – 10 March 1933) was the supreme leader of the Senussi order (1902–1933), although his leadership in the years 1917–1933 could be considered nominal. His daughter, Fatimah el-Sharif was the Queen consort of King Idris I of Libya.

Fatimah el-Sharif
Sayyida Fatimah el-Sharif (Arabic: فاطمة الشريف), after marriage Fatimah as-Senussi (فاطمة السنوسي, 2 April 1911 – 3 October 2009), was Queen of Libya as the wife of King Idris from 1951 until the 1969 Libyan coup d'état.
Border guard
A border guard of a country is a national security agency that ensures border security. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany, Italy or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.

Coast guard
A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term embraces wide range of responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue without law enforcement authority. In most countries, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from those of the navy (a military branch) and the transit police (a law enforcement agency), while in certain countries they have similarities to both.