hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Clapham Common
Clapham Common is a large triangular urban park in Clapham, south London, England. Originally common land for the parishes of Battersea and Clapham, it was converted to parkland under the terms of the Metropolitan Commons Act 1878. It is 220 acres (89 hectares) of green space, with three ponds and a Victorian bandstand. It is overlooked by large Georgian and Victorian mansions and nearby Clapham Old Town.

Holy Trinity Clapham, an 18th-century Georgian church overlooking the park, is important in the history of the evangelical Clapham Sect. Half of the park is within the London Borough of Wandsworth, and the other half is within the London Borough of Lambeth.

London Borough of Wandsworth
Wandsworth (/ˈwɒndzwɜːrθ/ ⓘ) is a London borough in South West London, England. It forms part of Inner London and has an estimated population of 329,677 inhabitants. Its main communities are Battersea, Balham, Putney, Tooting and Wandsworth Town.

The borough borders the London Borough of Lambeth to the east, the London Borough of Merton and the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames to the south, the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames to the west, and to the north (across the River Thames) three boroughs, namely the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. The local authority is Wandsworth London Borough Council.
Robert Kirshner
Robert P. Kirshner (born August 15, 1949) is an American astronomer, Chief Program Officer for Science for the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Clowes Research Professor of Science at Harvard University. Kirshner has worked in several areas of astronomy including the physics of supernovae, supernova remnants, the large-scale structure of the cosmos, and the use of supernovae to measure the expansion of the universe.

Adam Riess
Adam Guy Riess (born December 16, 1969) is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute. He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.

Riess has been at the center of a growing scientific debate about the so-called “Hubble tension” — a discrepancy between measurements of the universe’s expansion rate using nearby supernovae, and measurements inferred from the cosmic microwave background radiation using the Standard Model of cosmology. Riess’s data has prompted questions and further testing to determine if the Standard Model still adequately describes the universe.
Trigarta kingdom
Trigarta was an ancient Indo-Aryan kingdom based in the region of Jalandhar and Kangra. According to the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata, its king Susarman, who ruled the kingdom from Prasthala, participated in the Kurukshetra War.

Prasthala
Prasthala was the capital city of king Susharman of the Trigarta Kingdom. As per the epic Mahabharata, this city was under the constant attack of Matsya kings like the king Virata. Susharman tried to avenge the Matsyas with the help of Duryodhana of Hastinapura, but the attempt was foiled by the Pandavas staying in the domains of the Matsyas. Prasthala is either identified to be the modern city Patiala in Punjab, India or Jalandhar in Punjab, India.
Choi Byung-chan
Choi Byung-chan (Korean: 최병찬, born November 12, 1997), also known as Byungchan, is a South Korean singer and actor. He debuted as a member of South Korean group Victon in 2016. In 2020, he made his acting debut in the drama Live On.

Han Seung-woo
Han Seung-woo (Korean: 한승우, born December 24, 1994), known mononymously as Seungwoo, is a South Korean singer, singer-songwriter, and actor. He debuted as a member of South Korean group Victon in 2016. In 2019, he finished third on Produce X 101 and became a member of X1. He debuted as a solo artist in August 2020 with the extended play Fame.
Buckland, Virginia
Buckland is an unincorporated community in Prince William County, Virginia, United States.

Established in 1798, Buckland is significant for being Prince William County's first inland town, situated along the Fauquier and Alexandria Turnpike. An 1855 gazetteer described it as having "1 church and a few shops".

Buckland is the current site of the Buckland Historic District and Battle of Buckland Mills Civil War Battlefield.

Buckland Historic District
Buckland Historic District is a national historic district located at Buckland, Prince William County, Virginia. It encompasses 30 contributing buildings, 11 contributing sites, and 6 contributing structures in the town of Buckland.  The district is centered on a grist mill (c. 1899), Buckland Mill, the third such structure located on the site.  Besides the mill, the most significant buildings include an early 19th-century wagon tavern and a small church (c. 1857). For the most part the houses are small, simple, 19th-century dwellings  constructed of log, frame or stone; most were intended to serve a commercial as well as a residential purpose.  Other contributing resources include the mill race and dam, Cerro Gordo plantation, portions of the Civil War Buckland battlefields, the Kinsley Mill and miller's house, and Buckland Hall (c. 1774).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988, with a boundary increase in 2008.
Nazi symbolism
The 20th-century German Nazi Party made extensive use of graphic symbols, especially the swastika, notably in the form of the swastika flag, which became the co-national flag of Nazi Germany in 1933, and the sole national flag in 1935. A very similar flag had represented the Party beginning in 1920.

Nazi symbols and additional symbols have subsequently been used by neo-Nazis.

SS runes
SS runes (German: SS-Runen) is a generic name given to a collection of pseudo-runes used by the Schutzstaffel (SS), from the 1920s to 1945, for Nazi-occultism purposes. SS runes were featured on flags, uniforms and other items as symbols of various aspects of Nazi ideology and Germanic mysticism. They also represented virtues seen as desirable in SS members and were based on völkisch mystic Guido von List's pseudo-runic Armanen runes, which he loosely based on the historical runic alphabets; however, the SS runes also included other esoteric symbols not borrowed from Armanen runes. Post–World War II, these insignia continue to be used by neo-Nazi individuals and groups.
Lambda Andromedae
Lambda Andromedae, Latinized from λ Andromedae, also named Udkadua, is a binary star system in the northern constellation of Andromeda. At an estimated distance of approximately 84.6 light-years (25.9 parsecs) from Earth, it has an apparent visual magnitude of around +3.8. This is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. The system is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +6.8 km/s.

Kappa Andromedae
Kappa Andromedae, Latinized from κ Andromedae, also named Kaffalmusalsala, is a star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.1. Based on the star's ranking on the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, it is luminous enough to be visible from the suburbs and from urban outskirts, but not from brightly lit inner city regions. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of approximately 168 light-years (52 parsecs). It is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −13 km/s, and there is a high likelihood (86%) that it is a member of the Beta Pictoris moving group. The star has one known exoplanet, Kappa Andromedae b.
Ralph K. Rottet
Ralph Kaspar Rottet (February 25, 1911 – November 26, 1971) was a decorated officer and naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of lieutenant general. He was a commanding officer in Marine Aircraft Group 31 during World War II and later became Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs at Headquarters Marine Corps in 1968.

Marine Aircraft Group 31
Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) is a United States Marine Corps aviation group based at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina that is currently composed of one F/A-18C Hornet squadron, one F-35B Lightning II training squadron, two F-35B Lightning II squadrons, and an aviation logistics squadron. It falls under the command of the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing.
28th Street Metro Cruise
The 28th Street Metro Cruise, commonly known as the Metro Cruise, is an annual auto show and car cruise event held on 28th Street in Wyoming, Grand Rapids and Kentwood, Michigan, typically occurring on the fourth Friday and Saturday of August, one week after the Woodward Dream Cruise. Participants often cruise in their vehicles down 28th Street, driving 15 miles (24 km) between Grandville and Cascade Township and participating in events occurring in the corridor.

Woodward Dream Cruise
The Woodward Dream Cruise is an annual automotive enthusiast event held in the northern suburbs of Detroit. Held each year on the third Saturday in August, the Cruise runs along Woodward Avenue, a major thoroughfare in the region, from Ferndale to Pontiac.
Michael Bates (Sealand)
Michael Roy Bates (born 1952 or 1953), self-styled as Prince Michael of Sealand, is an English businessman and self-published author. He operates a self-proclaimed and unrecognized micronation called the Principality of Sealand, which he inherited from his parents Paddy Roy Bates and Joan Bates. He has claimed the title "Prince of Sealand" since the death of his father in 2012.

Roy Bates
Patrick Roy Bates (29 August 1921 – 9 October 2012), self-styled as Prince Roy of Sealand, was a British pirate radio broadcaster and micronationalist, who founded the self-proclaimed Principality of Sealand.
John Ridgeway (died 1560)
John Ridgeway (c. 1517 – 1560) (alias Peacock) of Abbots Carswell and Tor Mohun in Devon, was a lawyer who served as a Member of Parliament, twice for Dartmouth in 1539 and 1545 and twice for Exeter in 1553 and 1554.

Manor of Tor Mohun
Tor Mohun (formerly Tor Brewer) is a historic manor and parish on the south coast of Devon, England, now superseded by the Victorian sea-side resort of Torquay and known as Tormohun, an area within that town. In 1876 the Local Board of Health obtained the sanction of Government to alter the name of the district from Tormoham (sic) to Torquay.

The ancient Church of St Saviour, the parish church of Tor Mohun, is on Tor Church Road, today serving as the Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Andrew. It contains several monuments, most notably to Thomas Ridgeway (1543–1598) of Torwood House, lord of the manor of Tor Mohun, and of the Cary families of nearby Torre Abbey, and Cockington Court, both within the parish.
Province of Apulia and Calabria
Apulia and Calabria (Latin: Apulia et Calabria) was a Late Roman province in the ancient southern Italian territories of Apulia and Calabria – both roughly included in the modern Apulia region, with Calabria being the Roman term for Salento (distinct from Bruttium, which corresponds to modern Calabria). Its capital was Canusium (modern Canosa di Puglia).

Canosa di Puglia
Canosa di Puglia, generally known simply as Canosa (Canosino: Canaus), is a town and comune in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, southern Italy. It is located between Bari and Foggia, on the northwestern edge of the plateau of the Murgia which dominates the Ofanto valley and the extensive plains of Tavoliere delle Puglie, ranging from Mount Vulture at the Gargano, to the Adriatic coast. Canosa, the Roman Canusium, is considered the principal archaeological center of Apulia, and is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in Italy.  A number of vases and other archaeological finds are located in local museums and private collections. It is not far from the position on the Ofanto River where the Romans found refuge after the defeat of the Battle of Cannae and is the burial place of Bohemund I of Antioch.
Imperial Guard (Japan)
The Imperial Guard of Japan has been two separate organizations dedicated to the protection of the Emperor of Japan and the Imperial Family, palaces and other imperial properties. The first was the Imperial guard divisions (Konoe Shidan), a quasi-independent elite branch of the Imperial Japanese Army, which was dissolved shortly after World War II. The current organization is the Imperial Guard Headquarters (Kouguu-Keisatsu Hombu; lit. Imperial Palace Police Headquarters), a civilian law enforcement organization that is part of the National Police Agency.

1st Guards Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The Imperial Japanese Army's 1st Guards Division (近衛第1師団, Konoe Dai-ichi Shidan) was formed from the Guards Mixed Brigade in June 1943 and a new Guards Regiment, the 6th, was added, with the 1st Guards Cavalry Regiment, 1st Guards Field Artillery Regiment, 1st Guards Engineer Regiment and 1st Guards Transport Regiment, and other support units.

Based in Tokyo, Japan until the end of World War II.
Gimhae International Airport
Gimhae International Airport (IATA: PUS, ICAO: RKPK) also known as Busan Airport is located on the western end of Busan, the second-largest city in South Korea. Opened in 1976, the airport is named after the nearby city of Gimhae. A new international terminal opened on 31 October 2007. Gimhae International Airport is the main hub for Air Busan and Korean Air, and an operating base for Jeju Air and Jin Air. Runway 18L/36R is used for military purposes only for Gimhae Air Base, but due to increasing traffic, there are plans to open the runway for airliners. In 2018, 17,064,613 passengers used the airport.

As the airport is now beyond its design capacity and surrounded by mountains, buildings and other objectives, a new airport is currently being built on Gadeokdo to meet growing demand. Because the airport is shared with military facilities, photography and video of the apron, runway, and military stations are prohibited according to the airport website.

Gadeok Island Airport
Gadeok Island New Airport (Korean: 가덕도신공항; Hanja: 加德島新空港) is a planned international airport currently under construction on Gadeokdo, an island of Busan, Gyeongnam, South Korea. Upon completion, the airport will replace functions of Gimhae International Airport, including handling international flights. It could also replace functions of Gimhae Air Base.
Prabhuvinte Makkal
Prabhuvinte Makkal is a 2012 Indian Malayalam-language drama film written and directed by Sajeevan Anthikad, and starring Vinay Forrt, Jijoy Rajagopal, Swasika, and Madhu. The film discusses the theme of atheism. It was the debut film of Tovino Thomas.

Swasika
Pooja Vijay (born 5 November 1991), better known by her stage name Swasika, is an Indian actress and television presenter. She predominantly appears in supporting roles in Malayalam films and television series, in addition to few Tamil films.
An den zwei Steinen
An den zwei Steinen is a mountain, 766.2 m above sea level (NHN), in the Idar Forest (part of the Hunsrück mountains) in the counties of Birkenfeld and Bernkastel-Wittlich in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

The wooded peak is the second-highest in Rhineland-Palatinate after the Erbeskopf (816.3 m), 15 kilometres to the southwest (with its southwestern spur, the Springenkopf, 784.2 m) in the Schwarzwälder Hochwald, and ahead of the Kahlheid (766.0 m), 12 kilometres southwest, also in the Idar Forest.

Its summit lies on the boundary of Stipshausen to the northeast, Hottenbach to the east-southeast and Hinzerath (part of Morbach) to the northwest; other municipalities nearby are: Hochscheid to the north and Hellertshausen to the southeast.

Kahlheid
The Kahlheid near Morscheid-Riedenburg in the Idar Forest (Hunsrück) is a mountain, 766 m above sea level (NHN), on the boundary between the counties of  Birkenfeld and Bernkastel-Wittlich in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

The mountain is the third highest in Rhineland-Palatinate after the Erbeskopf (816.3 m), 2.6 km to the southwest and its southwestern subpeak, the Springenkopf (784.2 m), in the Schwarzwälder Hochwald, and the peak of An den zwei Steinen (766.2 m), 12 km to the northeast (both distances as the crow flies), also in the Idar Forest.
Sarfarosh (1930 film)
Sarfarosh also called Brave Hearts was a 1930 Indian silent film directed by A. R. Kardar. Made as action adventure film based on the RKO dramas, it was produced by Kardar's production company, "Playart Phototone". According to Hameeduddin Mahmood, the films had double titles up until the mid-1930s; the Hindi/Urdu name for the home market (India), and the English name for the overseas market. Kardar gave up acting after having starred in Husn Ka Daku (1929) and cast Gul Hamid in the main role. He also gave Rafiqe Ghaznavi a break as an actor in the film. Ghaznavi went on to become a famous music director.

The cinematographer was K. V. Machve, and the actors were Gul Hamid, Ghulam Qadir, Miss Gulzar, Rafiqe Ghaznavi and Mumtaz.

Gul Hamid
Gul Hamid (1905-1936) was an Indian actor. He started his acting career in silent films and later played leading roles in talkies. He had many honors to his credit. He acted in Heer Ranjha, the first film produced in Punjabi and in Seeta, a talkie that won an honorary diploma in the 1934 Venice Film Festival and that was also the first Indian film shown at an International film festival. Hamid also wrote the script, acted in, and directed the film Khyber Pass (1936).  Hamid died of Hodgkin's Disease in 1936.
Rural Municipality of Rosser
Rosser is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Manitoba, lying adjacent to the northwest side of Winnipeg and part of the Winnipeg Metro Region. Its population as of the 2016 Census was 1,372.

It is situated along Provincial Trunk Highway 6, and Winnipeg's Perimeter Highway. CentrePort Canada lies primarily in the eastern part of the RM, inside the Perimeter Highway. A small portion of Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport also lies within the RM of Rosser.

Water services are provided by the Cartier Regional Water Cooperative. The CentrePort distribution line serves CentrePort development and the RM of Rosser. Water sourced from the Assiniboine River is treated at Headingley before being sent out through distribution channels. Near the community of Rosser is the Dorsey Converter Station and the large static inverter plant for the Nelson River Bipole HVDC power transmission project.

Rural Municipality of Headingley
Headingley (sometimes incorrectly spelled Headingly) is a rural municipality in Manitoba, Canada. It is located directly west of Winnipeg and had a population of 3,579 people as of the 2016 census.

The Trans-Canada Highway and the Assiniboine River run through the municipality. The unincorporated community of Headingley is situated within the municipality along Manitoba Provincial Road 334 near the Trans-Canada Highway.

The municipality takes its name from the suburb of Headingley in the city of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England.
Quintus Tineius Sacerdos Clemens
Quintus Tineius Sacerdos Clemens (c. 100 – aft. 170) was a Roman senator, who was Consul Ordinarius in 158 with Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus, and Pontifex.

An inscription at Side honored Clemens and his son Quintus Tineius Rufus as patroni.

He was the son of Quintus Tineius Rufus. Besides Rufus, Clemens' known sons include Quintus Tineius Sacerdos and Quintus Tineius Clemens.

Quintus Tineius Rufus (consul 127)
Quintus Tineius Rufus, also known as Turnus Rufus the Evil (Hebrew: טוּרְנוּסְרוּפוּס הָרָשָׁע‎ Ṭūrnūsrūfūs hāRāšā‘, sometimes spelled טוֹרָנוּסְרוּפוּס‎ Ṭōrānūsrūfūs) in Jewish sources (c. 90 AD – after 131 AD) was a senator and provincial governor under the Roman Empire. He is known for his role in unsuccessfully combating the early uprising phase of the Jews under Simon bar Kokhba and Elasar.
Sven-Bertil Taube
Sven-Bertil Gunnar Evert Taube (24 November 1934 – 11 November 2022) was a Swedish singer and actor. Internationally, he was perhaps better known for his acting career. Taube played Henrik Vanger in the film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, and the lead role in Puppet on a Chain.

Puppet on a Chain (film)
Puppet on a Chain is a 1970 British thriller film directed by Geoffrey Reeve and starring Sven-Bertil Taube, Barbara Parkins and Alexander Knox. It is based on the 1969 novel Puppet on a Chain by Alistair MacLean.

The story was Maclean's 14th and the seventh film adaption of a Maclean novel. The film's signature boat chase (8 minutes of screen time) along the canals of Amsterdam reportedly inspired the boat chase in the James Bond movie Live and Let Die two years later and in the 1988 thriller Amsterdamned, which would also feature a long canal boat chase. The boat chase was directed by Don Sharp, who also did various reshoots for the film.
William Loeb Jr.
William Loeb Jr. (October 9, 1866 – September 19, 1937) was an American political figure. He was the Presidential secretary to President Theodore Roosevelt and Collector of the Port of New York from 1909 to 1913. He was the father of William Loeb III, the conservative publisher of the Manchester Union Leader.

William Loeb III
William Loeb III (December 26, 1905 – September 13, 1981) was an American newspaper publisher. He is remembered for his unyieldingly conservative political views, which helped made the Manchester Union Leader of Manchester, New Hampshire, one of the best-known small papers in the country. The newspaper also benefited from nationwide attention every four years during the New Hampshire presidential primary. Loeb was publisher of the Union Leader from 1946 until his death, a period of 35 years.
Peter Henlein
Peter Henlein (also spelled Henle or Hele) (1485–August 1542) was a German locksmith, clockmaker and watchmaker from Nuremberg. He is often credited with inventing the pocket watch, particularly in connection with the fire-gilded pomander-shaped watch from 1505. He was among the first craftsmen to make small portable spring-driven clocks, worn as pendants, or attached to clothing, that are regarded as the earliest watches. Some popular accounts also credit Henlein with inventing the mainspring, although this fact is disputed.

Mainspring
A mainspring is a spiral torsion spring of metal ribbon—commonly spring steel—used as a power source in mechanical watches, some clocks, and other clockwork mechanisms. Winding the timepiece, by turning a knob or key, stores energy in the mainspring by twisting the spiral tighter. The force of the mainspring then turns the clock's wheels as it unwinds, until the next winding is needed. The adjectives wind-up and spring-powered refer to mechanisms powered by mainsprings, which also include kitchen timers, metronomes, music boxes, wind-up toys and clockwork radios.

Mainsprings appeared in the first spring-powered clocks in 15th-century Europe. The mainspring replaced the weight hanging from a cord wrapped around a pulley, which was the power source used in all previous mechanical clocks.
Chula (song)
"Chula" is a song by Mexican band Grupo Firme and American singer Demi Lovato, released through Music VIP Entertainment on August 15, 2024. It was written by Lovato, Eduin Caz, Luis Mexia, Manuel Orozco, Warren "Oak" Felder, Oscar Linnander, Pablo Preciado, and Sean Douglas, while Felder, Linnander, and Sheeno handled its production. Before its official announcement, both acts premiered the song at a concert in Austin, Texas, as part of the group's La Última Peda concert tour. "Chula" is a Spanglish dance-pop track, which marked a departure from Lovato's rock-infused sound.

Grupo Firme
Grupo Firme is a regional Mexican band based in Tijuana, Baja California, that specializes in Sinaloan music. Formed in 2014, they have received nominations for a variety of awards that include Latin Grammy, Premios Juventud and Premio Lo Nuestro, being the winner in 2021 of the latter in five categories.