hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edward Coleman (miner)
Edward Coleman (1830–1913) was an American mine manager, president, and superintendent during the California gold rush in Nevada County. He also served as President of the Board of School Trustees in Grass Valley; and Vice President of the Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad. His brother, John C. Coleman, was the railroad's first president; John was also president of the North Star Mine.

John C. Coleman
John Crisp Coleman (August 9, 1823 – March 23, 1919) was a California mining, railroad, and public utility magnate, and served in the California State Senate. He was the first President of the Nevada County Narrow Gauge Railroad, President of the North Star Mine in Grass Valley, Vice President of the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company, and Vice President of California Street Cable. He also served as director of the Pacific Rolling Mills, the Contra Costa Gas Company, and the North Shore Railroad.
Moving-bed biofilm reactor
Moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process that was first invented by Professor Hallvard Ødegaard at Norwegian University of Science and Technology in the late 1980s. The process takes place in an aeration tank with plastic carriers that a biofilm can grow on. The compact size and cheap wastewater treatment costs offers many advantages for the system, such as water reuse and nutrient removal or recovery. In theory, wastewater will be no longer considered waste—it can be considered a resource.

Hallvard Ødegaard
Hallvard Ødegaard (born 11 December 1945 in Voss Municipality) is a Norwegian professor emeritus from Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He is known as the inventor of the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for wastewater treatment.
Rozendaal
Rozendaal (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈroːzə(n)daːl] ⓘ) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. The town, next to Arnhem and Velp, is known for the Rozendaal Castle (Kasteel Rosendael) and its water fountain follies (bedriegertjes).

The municipality is the least densely populated on the mainland of the Netherlands, i.e., in effect, not on one of the West Frisian Islands. Rozendaal is one of the richest municipalities in the Netherlands.

Arnhem
Arnhem (Dutch: [ˈɑrnɛm] ⓘ or [ˈɑr(ə)nɦɛm] ⓘ; German: Arnheim [ˈaʁnhaɪm] ⓘ; Ernems: Èrnem) is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German border. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both banks of the rivers Nederrijn and Sint-Jansbeek, which was the source of the city's development.

Arnhem is home to the Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen, ArtEZ Institute of the Arts, Netherlands Open Air Museum, Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Royal Burgers' Zoo, NOC*NSF and National Sports Centre Papendal. The north corner of the municipality is part of the Hoge Veluwe National Park. It is approximately 55 square kilometres (21 sq mi) in area, consisting of heathlands, sand dunes, and woodlands.
Lamp box
Lamp boxes are the smallest of the post boxes used by the Royal Mail in the UK, by its counterparts in the Commonwealth of Nations and also by An Post in Ireland. Their name derives from the fact that they were designed to be affixed to lamp posts, although they may equally be found embedded in walls or mounted on poles.

Lamp boxes were introduced on an experimental basis in September 1896, being used in parts of London as an inexpensive means of supplementing the existing Pillar box network. By July 1897 these boxes had proved successful and from then on their use spread to rural areas where the greater expense of a Ludlow style wall box was not justified.

The original pattern of lamp box was produced from 1896 to circa 1935.  During this time there were several variations of styles.

Post box
A post box (British English; also written postbox; also known as pillar box), also known as a collection box, mailbox, letter box or drop box (American English), is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.
Eccleston, Cheshire
Eccleston is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Eaton and Eccleston, in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester, in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The village is approximately 2.7 miles (4.3 km) to the south of Chester, near to the River Dee. The village is situated on the estate of the Duke of Westminster who maintains his ancestral home at nearby Eaton Hall.

According to the 2001 census, the population of the parish was 184.
The population of the civil parish was recorded as 246 in the 2011 census.

River Dee, Wales
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy, Latin: Deva Fluvius) flows through North Wales and Cheshire, England. The majority of the river is located in Wales, with the stretch between Aldford and Saltney within England and two other sections forming the border between the two countries. The length of the section from Bala to Chester is 113 km (70 miles).

The river rises on Dduallt in Snowdonia and flows east through Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake), Corwen, and Llangollen. It turns north near Overton-on-Dee and forms part of the England–Wales border before fully entering England near Aldford, north-east of Wrexham. It flows through Chester then re-enters Wales near Saltney; the final section is canalised and discharges to the Irish Sea via an estuary 23 km (14 miles) long.
Province of Ogliastra
The province of Ogliastra (Italian: provincia dell'Ogliastra, [proˈvintʃa delloʎˈʎastra], Sardinian: Provìntzia de Ogiastra) is a province in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. The province has two capitals; Lanusei and Tortolì. Ogliastra is the most mountainous province in Sardinia. With 53,984 inhabitants as of 2025, it is also the least populous province of Italy. The province has a population density of 29 inhabitants per square kilometer, also making it the least densely populated province of Italy.

It was established in 2005 from a section of the province of Nuoro, however it was disestablished 2016 Regional Decree and integrated back into the province of Nuoro, and then re-established on 1 May 2025 per a 2021 decree.

Tortolì
Tortolì (Italian: [tortoˈli] ⓘ; Sardinian: Tortolì or Tòrtuelie; Latin: Portus Ilii) is a town and municipality, which along with Lanusei is a co-capital of the Province of Ogliastra in the autonomous region of Sardinia in Italy. With a population of 10,980, it is the largest municipality in the province and the 23rd-largest in Sardinia.
Blanco County, Texas
Blanco County (Spanish: "white", /ˈblæŋkoʊ/ BLANG-koh) is a United States county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is located in Central Texas and its county seat is Johnson City.

As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,374.

The county is named for the Blanco River that traverses the county.

Gillespie County, Texas
Gillespie County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. Gillespie county is prominent in the Texas German belt region, a region settled by German emigrants in the 1800s.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 26,725. 
Gillespie County comprises the Fredericksburg, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is Fredericksburg. It is located in the heart of the rural Texas Hill Country in Central Texas. Gillespie is named for Robert Addison Gillespie, a soldier in the Mexican–American War.

On December 15, 1847, a petition was submitted to create Gillespie County. In 1848, the legislature formed Gillespie County from Bexar and Travis Counties. The signers were overwhelmingly German immigrants.

President of the United States of America Lyndon B. Johnson was born in the county's unincorporated community of Stonewall, and where he later maintained his ranch.
Trerice
Trerice (pronounced Tre-rice) is an historic manor in the parish of Newlyn East (Newlyn in Pydar), near Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom. The surviving Tudor manor house known as Trerice House is located at Kestle Mill, three miles east of Newquay (grid reference SW840584). The house with its surrounding garden has been owned by the National Trust since 1953 and is open to the public. The house is a Grade I listed building. The two stone lions on the front lawn are separately listed, Grade II. The garden features an orchard with old varieties of fruit trees.

John Arundell (admiral)
Sir John Arundell (1495–1561), of Trerice, Cornwall, nicknamed "Tilbury Jack" (or Jack of Tilbury), was a commander of the Royal Navy during the reigns of Kings Henry VIII and Edward VI and served twice as Sheriff of Cornwall.
Murci
Murci is a village in Tuscany, central Italy,  administratively a frazione of the comune of Scansano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 173.

Murci is about 40 km from Grosseto and 14 km from Scansano, and it is situated on the hills along the Amiatina Provincial Road.

Scansano
Scansano is a town and comune, of medieval origin, in the   province of Grosseto, Tuscany, central Italy. The area which Scansano lies within is called Maremma.

Scansano area is home to the production of Morellino di Scansano, a type of wine.
Christiane Seidel
Christiane Julie Louise Seidel (born April 3, 1988) is a German-Danish-American actress, having had roles in Boardwalk Empire (2011-2014), Schmidts Katze (2014), The Hollow (2016), Godless (2017), Fosse/Verdon and Human Capital (2019), and Paradise Highway in 2022.

Fosse/Verdon
Fosse/Verdon is a 2019 American biographical drama miniseries, developed by Steven Levenson and Thomas Kail. Based on the biography Fosse by Sam Wasson, the series charts the troubled marriage and professional relationship of director/choreographer Bob Fosse and actress/dancer Gwen Verdon, played by Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams respectively. Norbert Leo Butz and Margaret Qualley are also featured as Paddy Chayefsky and Ann Reinking, respectively.

Fosse/Verdon premiered on FX on April 9, 2019, with its eighth and final episode airing on May 28. At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, Fosse/Verdon earned 17 nominations, including Outstanding Limited Series, with Williams winning Outstanding Lead Actress. Williams also won Best Actress at the 77th Golden Globe Awards and the 26th Screen Actors Guild Awards, where Rockwell won Best Actor.
Star 48
The Star 48 is the largest of a family of solid rocket motors used by many space propulsion and launch vehicle stages, almost exclusively as an upper stage. It was developed primarily by Thiokol Propulsion and after several mergers, is manufactured by Northrop Grumman’s Space Systems division. A Star 48B stage is also one of the few man-made items sent on escape trajectories out of the Solar System, although it is derelict since its use. The Star 48B variant was the PAM-D upper stage used on the retired Delta II rocket.

The Star 48 has been used as an upper stage in three- and four-stage launch systems.

Delta II
Delta II was an expendable launch system designed and built by McDonnell Douglas, sometimes known as the Thorad Delta 1. Delta II was part of the Delta rocket family, derived from the Delta 3000, and entered service in 1989. There were two main variants, the Delta 6000 and Delta 7000, with the latter also having "Light" and "Heavy" subvariants. During its career, Delta II flew several payloads, including 24 Global Positioning System (GPS) Block II satellites, several dozen NASA payloads, and 60 Iridium communication satellites. The rocket flew its final mission, ICESat-2, on 15 September 2018, earning  a streak of 100 consecutive successful missions, with the last failure being GPS IIR-1 in 1997. In the late 1990s, Delta II was developed into the unsuccessful Delta III, which was in turn developed into the more capable and successful Delta IV, though the latter shares little heritage with the original Thor and Delta rockets.
Surabhi (TV series)
Surabhi ("Fragrance") was an Indian cultural magazine show hosted by Renuka Shahane and Siddharth Kak, which ran from 1990 to 2001 with a year's break in 1991. It was initially telecast on the state-run television channel Doordarshan, and later moved to Star Plus in the Sunday morning slot. Surabhi was produced by Kak's Mumbai-based production house Cinema Vision India. Its theme was Indian culture. The show is India's longest-running cultural series and features in the Limca Book of Records for receiving the largest measured audience response ever in the history of Indian television.

Siddharth Kak
Siddharth Kak is an Indian documentary maker, television producer, and presenter, best known as the producer and presenter of Surabhi (1990–2001). Subsequently, Kak established the 'Surabhi Foundation' with the assistance of Ford Foundation and started a project on preserving cultural artefacts.
Kenneth Feld
Kenneth Jeffrey Feld (born October 31, 1948) is the CEO of Feld Entertainment, which operates the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, Disney on Ice, Doodlebops Live, Disney Live, Monster Jam, International Hot Rod Association, and AMA Supercross Championship. He is also the producer of several Broadway plays. The business was started by his father Irvin Feld who also promoted Beatles concerts. Ken became CEO of the company upon his father's death in 1984.

Feld Entertainment
Feld Entertainment Inc. is an American live show production company which owns a number of traveling shows. The company began with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus before expanding into additional live events, including Disney on Ice (under license from the Walt Disney Company), Monster Jam, Monster Energy AMA Supercross and Sesame Street Live (under license from Sesame Workshop). The company is family-owned.
Tomori Kusunoki
Tomori Kusunoki (楠木ともり, Kusunoki Tomori; born December 22, 1999) is a Japanese voice actress and singer who is currently affiliated with the Sony Music Artists agency. She made her voice acting debut in 2017 and in the same year, she was cast in her first main role as Kirara, the heroine of the Japanese mobile game Kirara Fantasia. She has also been cast in main roles in Märchen Mädchen, Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club, Sword Art Online Alternative: Gun Gale Online, Deca-Dence, The Misfit of Demon King Academy, Chainsaw Man, and Zom 100: Bucket List of the Dead. In 2019, she won the Best New Actress Award with Manaka Iwami, Coco Hayashi, Rina Honnizumi, and Kaede Hondo.

Märchen Mädchen
Märchen Mädchen (メルヘン・メドヘン, Meruhen Medohen; German for "Fairy Tale Girls") is a Japanese light novel series written by Tomohiro Matsu and StoryWorks, with illustrations by Kantoku. The series was being worked on by Matsu before his death in May 2016, and he is still credited as the writer. Shueisha published four volumes between February 24, 2017 and April 25, 2018, under their Dash X Bunko imprint. A manga adaptation by Takatoshi Nakamura and Kiyotsugu Yamagata was serialized in Shueisha's Jump SQ magazine between October 4, 2017, and May 2, 2018. An anime television series adaptation by Hoods Entertainment aired from January 11, 2018, to April 25, 2019.
Methuselah (pine tree)
Methuselah is a 4,857-year-old Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) tree growing high in the White Mountains of Inyo County in eastern California. It is recognized as the non-clonal tree with the greatest confirmed age in the world. Its old age is a result of harsh weather and a lack of nutrients, which slow down the decaying process. The tree's name refers to the biblical patriarch Methuselah, who is said to have reached 969 years of age before his death, thus becoming synonymous with longevity or old age in many European languages including English.

White Mountains (California)
The White Mountains of California and Nevada are a triangular fault-block mountain range facing the Sierra Nevada across the upper Owens Valley. They extend for approximately 60 mi (97 km) as a greatly elevated plateau about 20 mi (32 km) wide on the south, narrowing to a point at the north, with elevations generally increasing south to north. The range's broad southern end is near the community of Big Pine, where Westgard Pass and Deep Springs Valley separate it from the Inyo Mountains. The narrow northern end is at Montgomery Pass, where U.S. Route 6 crosses. The Fish Lake Valley lies east of the range; the southeast part of the mountains are separated from the Silver Peak Range by block faulting across the Furnace Creek Fault Zone, forming a feeder valley to Fish Lake Valley. The range lies within the eastern section of the Inyo National Forest.
Zanica
Zanica (Bergamasque: Sanga) is a comune (municipality) of around 8,804 inhabitants in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of Milan and 7 kilometres (4 mi) south of Bergamo. Zanica borders the following municipalities: Azzano San Paolo, Cavernago, Comun Nuovo, Grassobbio, Orio al Serio, Stezzano, Urgnano.

Located at 210 m above sea level, the municipality was born on a flat territory, on the left of the Morla canal. The first official document citing Zanica as Vetianica dates back to 774. Now Zanica is an industrial and agricultural town, with some valuable buildings.

The municipality is also considered the home land of Gioppino, the most famous mask in the province of Bergamo.

Cavernago
Cavernago (Bergamasque: Caernàch) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) northeast of Milan and about 11 kilometres (7 mi) southeast of Bergamo.

Cavernago borders the municipalities of Calcinate, Ghisalba, Grassobbio, Seriate, Urgnano, and Zanica. It is home to the Malpaga Castle, a Renaissance fortress owned by the condottiero and local lord Bartolomeo Colleoni. Another castle, that of Cavernago proper, was later remade in the 17th century in Baroque style.
Kingdom of Valabhi
The Kingdom of Valabhi was an early medieval kingdom in Western India from 475 to 776. It was founded by Bhatarka, a general in the Gupta Empire, and ruled by the Maitraka dynasty.

Following the decline of the Gupta Empire,  Bhaṭārka, the military governor of the Saurashtra region, founded the Maitraka dynasty in 475. He was followed by his son Dharasena I, who also used the title of senapati (commander). His son, Droṇasiṁha proclaimed himself Maharaja. Guhasena (r. 556–570) stopped recognising the suzerainty of the emperor of Magadha and his son, Dharasena II started using the sovereign title of Maharajadhiraja.

The kingdom came under the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Kannauj during the reign of Harsha following which the kingdom became independent again after his death in 647. The kingdom collapsed in 776 after prolonged Arab invasions.

Garulaka dynasty
The Garulakas was a medieval Indian dynasty that ruled western Saurashtra (now in Gujarat, India) probably from 5th to 7th century CE as a vassal of Maitrakas of Valabhi. Five rulers of the dynasty are known from two donation charters dated to 6th century CE.
Endavant
Endavant–Organització Socialista d'Alliberament Nacional (in English: Forward–Socialist Organisation of National Liberation, Endavant (OSAN); commonly referred to only as Endavant) is a pro-Catalan independence, socialist and feminist political party in the Catalan Countries, located primarily in Catalonia. Endavant was formed in July 2000 as a refoundation of the Platform for the Unity of Action, with the support of independents and local collectives. Endavant supports and is part of the Popular Unity Candidates (CUP).

Popular Unity Candidacy
The Popular Unity Candidacy (Catalan: Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, CUP) is a left-wing to far-left pro-Catalan independence political party active primarily in Catalonia, where it has political representation, but also in other autonomous communities in Spain that it considers to be part of the Catalan Countries. The CUP traditionally has focused on municipal politics, and is made up of a series of autonomous candidatures that run in local elections. Its presence is strongest within the borders of Catalonia.

In 2012, the CUP decided for the first time to run for Catalan parliamentary elections, gaining three MPs out of 135. In the 2015 elections, they obtained 10 MPs.
Ionospheric absorption
Ionospheric absorption (ISAB) is the scientific name for absorption occurring as a result of the interaction between various types of electromagnetic waves and the free electrons in the ionosphere, which can interfere with radio transmissions.

Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.
Goon Moon
Goon Moon is an American rock band composed of Jeordie White (also known as Twiggy Ramirez) and Chris Goss. The band released the mini-LP I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine in 2005 and have since recorded a full-length album, Licker's Last Leg, which was released on May 8, 2007. The album features cameos from longtime Goss collaborators Josh Homme and Josh Freese, as well as desert rock mainstay Dave Catching.

Licker's Last Leg
Licker's Last Leg is the first full-length studio album by Goon Moon, and the follow-up to 2005's I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine. The record was released via Ipecac Recordings on May 8, 2007. The album features cameos by longtime Goss collaborator Josh Homme and drummer Josh Freese.
L'Anse Creuse High School
L'Anse Creuse High School is a public, magnet high school in Harrison Township, Michigan, United States. It is one of two high schools in the L'Anse Creuse Public Schools district, with the other being L'Anse Creuse High School - North.

L'Anse Creuse High School - North
L'Anse Creuse High School - North, colloquially known as simply "L'Anse Creuse North", is a public, magnet high school in Macomb Township, Michigan, and serves grades 9-12. It is one of two high schools in the L'Anse Creuse Public Schools district, with the other being L'Anse Creuse High School. L'Anse Creuse High School - North was created in 1975, with along L'Anse Creuse Junior High - North.
USS Drum (SSN-677)
USS Drum (SSN-677), a Sturgeon-class attack submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the drum, also known as the croaker or hardhead, any of various fishes of the Sciaenidae family, capable of making a drumming noise and best known on the Atlantic coast of North America.

Sturgeon-class submarine
The Sturgeon class (known colloquially in naval circles as the 637 class) was a class of thirty-seven nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy from the 1960s until 2004. They were the "workhorses" of the Navy's attack submarine fleet throughout much of the Cold War.  The boats were phased out in the 1990s and early 21st century, as their successors, the Los Angeles, followed by the Seawolf and Virginia-class boats, entered service.