hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Julius von Sachs
Julius von Sachs (German: [zaks]; 2 October 1832 – 29 May 1897) was a German botanist from Breslau, Prussian Silesia.  He is considered the founder of experimental plant physiology and co-founder of modern water culture. Julius von Sachs and Wilhelm Knop are monumental figures in the history of botany by first demonstrating the importance of water culture for the study of plant nutrition and modern plant physiology in the 19th century.

Plant physiology
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. A professional in this field is called a Plant physiologist.

Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed germination, dormancy and stomata function, and transpiration. Plant physiology interacts with the fields of plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.
2021 New York City Comptroller election
The 2021 New York City Comptroller election consisted of Democratic and Republican primaries for New York City Comptroller on June 22, 2021, followed by a general election on November 2, 2021. The primaries were the first NYC Comptroller election primaries to use ranked-choice voting. The primary and general election were held alongside concurrent primaries and elections for mayor, Public Advocate, Borough Presidents, and City Council.

Incumbent New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer was barred from running for a third term by term limits, and ran for mayor. The Democratic candidate, City Council Member Brad Lander won the general election over the Republican candidate Daby Benjaminé Carreras. Lander took office as the 45th NYC Comptroller on January 1, 2022.

2021 New York City Council election
The 2021 New York City Council elections were held on November 2, 2021. The primary elections were held on June 22, 2021. There were several special elections for seats vacated in 2020 and early 2021; these special elections were the first to use ranked-choice voting in city council elections after it was approved by a ballot question in 2019 and the second to use ranked-choice voting since New York City repealed PR-STV in 1945. Due to redistricting after the 2020 Census, candidates also ran for two-year terms instead of four-year terms for the first time, stemming from the New York City Charter overhaul in 1989. Four-year terms will resume in the 2025 election after another two-year election in 2023.
Interstate 581
Interstate 581 (I-581) is a spur of I-81 into Roanoke, Virginia, completely overlapping US Route 220 (US 220). It was planned to be connected to I-73. Future I-73 Corridor signs have been marked on I-581 on the southbound side just after exit 2.

U.S. Route 220 in Virginia
In the U.S. state of Virginia, U.S. Route 220 (US 220) is a major north-south state highway that extends from the North Carolina state line through Roanoke to the West Virginia state line. South of Roanoke, US 220 is a four-lane highway within the proposed Interstate 73 (I-73) corridor. US 220 narrows to two lanes north of Roanoke, connecting to I-64 near Clifton Forge and then paralleling the Appalachian Mountains north-northeasterly in the direction of Cumberland, Maryland.
Alla Demidova
Alla Sergeyevna Demidova (Russian: А́лла Серге́евна Деми́дова; born 29 September 1936) is a Russian actress internationally acclaimed for the tragic parts in innovative plays staged by Yuri Lyubimov in the Taganka Theatre. She was awarded the USSR State Prize (1977) and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland (twice, 2007, 2001).

Vladimir Vysotsky
Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (25 January 1938 – 25 July 1980) was a Soviet singer-songwriter, poet, and actor who had an immense and enduring effect on Soviet culture. He became widely known for his unique singing style and for his lyrics, which featured social and political commentary in often-humorous street jargon. He was also a prominent stage- and screen-actor. Though the official Soviet cultural establishment largely ignored his work, he was remarkably popular during his lifetime and has exerted significant influence on many of Russia's musicians and actors.
Esha Ness
Esha Ness, also written Eshaness, is a peninsula on the west coast of Northmavine, on the island of Mainland, Shetland, Scotland. Esha Ness Lighthouse is located on the west coast of the peninsula, just south of Calder's Geo. The lighthouse was designed by David Alan Stevenson and commissioned in 1929. The hamlet of Tangwick contains the Tangwick Haa, a former Laird's house that has been a museum since 1987.

Calder's Geo
Calders Geo is an inlet in the western cliffs of Esha Ness in Northmavine on the Mainland, Shetland, Scotland. A cave on the north side of the geo has been measured at more than one and a half times the size of "The Frozen Deep", a chamber in Reservoir Hole under Cheddar Gorge in Somerset, potentially making it the largest natural chamber in Britain.

Geologist Jonathan Swale used a laser range-finder to measure the interior of the cave, which is only accessible during calm seas. He claims that the structure is over 20 metres (66 ft) tall and has a floor area of around 5,600 square metres (60,000 sq ft).

Esha Ness Lighthouse adjacent to the north of the geo was designed by David Alan Stevenson and commissioned in 1929.
Buffer solution
A buffer solution is a solution where the pH does not change significantly on dilution or if an acid or base is added at constant temperature. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.

Self-ionization of water
The self-ionization of water (also autoionization of water, autoprotolysis of water, autodissociation of water, or simply dissociation of water) is an ionization reaction in pure water or in an aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, deprotonates (loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms) to become a hydroxide ion, OH−. The hydrogen nucleus, H+, immediately protonates another water molecule to form a hydronium cation, H3O+. It is an example of autoprotolysis, and exemplifies the amphoteric nature of water.
Alan Hansen
Alan David Hansen MBE (born 13 June 1955) is a Scottish former footballer and BBC television football pundit. Regarded as one of the greatest defenders of all time, he enjoyed a highly decorated playing career, winning eight First Division titles, three European Cups, two FA Cups, four League Cups, and several other honours with Liverpool during their dominant era from the late 1970s until the late 1980s. He also represented Partick Thistle and the Scotland national team.

After retiring, Hansen became a well-known football pundit, most notably appearing on Match of the Day from 1992 to 2014, where he was known for his sharp analysis and frequent criticism of poor defending, often using terms like "diabolical" or "shocking" to describe lapses at the back.

Match of the Day
Match of the Day (abbreviated to MOTD) is a football highlights programme, typically broadcast on BBC One on Saturday nights during the Premier League season.

Match of the Day is one of the BBC's longest-running shows, having been on air since 22 August 1964. In 2015, Guinness World Records recognised it "as the longest-running football television programme in the world." Analysis is currently provided by Danny Murphy, Micah Richards and Alan Shearer, among others. Former England international striker Gary Lineker was the series' longest-serving presenter (1999—2025). From the 2004–05 season, a second programme, Match of the Day 2, has usually aired on a Sunday in the football season, featuring highlights of all the day's games, whilst showing the goals from the Saturday action.

The show's theme tune was voted the most recognised television theme in a 2010 poll conducted by the PRS.
Slievemaan
Slievemaan (Irish: Sliabh Meáin, meaning 'Middle mountain') at 759 metres (2,490 ft), is the 54th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 70th–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale.  Slievemaan is situated in the southwen sector of the Wicklow Mountains range, and is part of the large massif of Lugnaquilla 925 metres (3,035 ft), Wicklow's highest mountain.   Slievemaan lies at the southern end of the Glen of Imaal.

To the west of Slievemaan is the subsidiary peak of Ballineddan Mountain 652 metres (2,139 ft), whose  prominence of 27 metres (89 ft) qualifies it as a Vandeleur-Lynam.

Slievemann is sometimes confused with the other Wicklow mountain of Slieve Maan which is lower at 548 metres (1,798 ft).

Lugnaquilla
Lugnaquilla (Irish: Log na Coille, meaning 'hollow of the wood') is the highest of the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland, rising to 925 metres (3,035 ft). It is also the highest Irish mountain outside of County Kerry, and the highest point in County Wicklow and the province of Leinster.  Lugnaquilla overlooks the Glen of Imaal to the west and Glenmalure to the east.

Lugnaquilla is also the 11th-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin list and 13th-highest on the Vandeleur-Lynam list.
Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District
The Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District began in 1876, with only a few students in a schoolhouse. It is now among the fastest growing school districts in the State of California. The District has constructed new elementary schools in the past four years. Creekview Ranch Middle School was the most recent school to open in the district, first serving students for the 2008–2009 school year. It is anticipated that the District will continue to grow for the next 10 years, serving approximately 8,500 K-8 students.

In 2003 Center Unified School District gave territory to Roseville Joint Union High School District and Dry Creek Joint Elementary School District.

Roseville Joint Union High School District
Roseville Joint Union High School District is a California school district that consists of six comprehensive high schools, one independent study high school, one continuation high school and an adult school. The district covers most of the city of Roseville and the unincorporated community of Granite Bay, two suburbs of Sacramento that are located in Placer County, and the eastern side of the suburb of Antelope in northern Sacramento County (east of Walerga Road).

Executive Cabinet;
Mr. John Becker, Superintendent
Joe Landon, Business Services
William “Brad” Basham, Human Resources
Tu Moua Carroz, Education Services
1954 Georgia gubernatorial election
The 1954 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1954.

Lieutenant Governor Marvin Griffin won the Democratic primary on September 8 with 36.52% of the vote and 302 out of 410 county unit votes. At this time, Georgia was a one-party state, and the Democratic nomination was tantamount to victory. Griffin won the November general election without an opponent.

This was the final of Melvin Thompson's three failed bids for Governor.

Marvin Griffin
Samuel Marvin Griffin, Sr. (September 4, 1907 – June 13, 1982) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia.

A lifelong Democrat, Griffin was a native of Bainbridge, Georgia and publisher of the Bainbridge Post-Searchlight. He served as the 72nd governor of Georgia from 1955 to 1959, where he supported educational segregation and opposed the integration of Georgia schools. After the end of his gubernatorial tenure, he returned to his native Bainbridge and entered the real estate business, helping to found Bainbridge College (later Bainbridge State College) in 1970. He served on the college's board of directors and died from lung cancer in 1982.
Agaw languages
The Agaw or Central Cushitic languages are Afroasiatic languages spoken by several groups in Ethiopia and, in one case, Eritrea.  They form the main substratum influence on Amharic and other Ethio-Semitic languages.

Awngi language
The Awngi language, in older publications also called Awiya (an inappropriate ethnonym), is an endangered indigenous Central Cushitic language spoken by the Awi people, traditionally living in Central Gojjam in northwestern Ethiopia.

Most speakers of the language live in the Agew Awi Zone of the Amhara Region, but there are also communities speaking the language in various areas of Metekel Zone of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region. Until recently, Kunfäl, another Southern Agaw language spoken in the area west of Lake Tana, has been suspected to be a separate language. It has now been shown to be linguistically close to Awngi, and it should be classified as a dialect of that language.
HaSela haAdom
"HaSela haAdom" (Hebrew: הסלע האדום, lit. 'The Red Rock') is an Israeli song written by Haim Hefer, with music by Yochanan Zarai, recorded by Arik Lavie in 1958. The song tells the story of a young Israeli soldier who illegally crossed the Israel-Jordan border to visit Petra, and ends with the death of its hero. Hefer was inspired by a popular tradition of Israeli youth of hiking to Petra, many of them killed by Jordanian soldiers. The song became so popular among the youth that the government banned it for many years, for fear it would inspire further dangerous hikes. Hefer's song was familiar to all Israelis, and many authors incorporate it into their books and songs.

Haim Hefer
Haim Hefer (Hebrew: חיים חפר;‎ 29 October 1925 – 18 September 2012) was a Polish-born Israeli songwriter, poet, columnist, translator and writer. He wrote for numerous composers and musical artists, as well as for military bands. Several of his songs are considered Israeli classics. He was awarded the Israel Prize in 1983 as recognition for his contributions to Israeli music.
Asarkayası Tunnel
Asarkayası Tunnel (Turkish: Asarkayası Tüneli), is a highway tunnel constructed in Ordu Province, northern Turkey.

Asarkayası Tunnel is part of the Samsun-Ordu Highway  D.010  E70 within the Black Sea Coastal Highway, of which construction was carried out by the Turkish Nurol-Tekfen-Yüksel joint venture. The 310 and 314 m (1,017 and 1,030 ft)-long twin-tube tunnel carrying two lanes of traffic in each direction is flanked by 3,805–3,825 m (12,484–12,549 ft)-long Ordu Nefise Akçelik Tunnel in the west and 3,313–3,308 m (10,869–10,853 ft)-long Boztepe Tunnel in the east on the same highway.

The tunnel was opened to traffic on April 7, 2007 by Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Dangerous goods carriers are not permitted to use the tunnel.

Boztepe Tunnel
Boztepe Tunnel (Turkish: Boztepe Tüneli), is a highway tunnel located in Ordu Province, in northern Turkey.

Boztepe Tunnel is a part of the Samsun-Ordu Highway  D.010  E70 within the Black Sea Coastal Highway, whose construction was carried out by the Turkish Nurol-Yüksel-Özka-YDA joint venture.  It is a twin-tube tunnel with two lanes of traffic in each direction, and its length is approximately 3,313 and 3,308 meters (10,869 and 10,853 ft). The tunnel is flanked by the Asarkayası Tunnel which is about 310–314 meters (1,017–1,030 ft) long, on the western side, and the Öceli Tunnel, which is approximately 2,004–2,034 meters (6,575–6,673 ft) long, on the eastern side. All of these tunnels are part of the same highway.

The Boztepe tunnel was officially opened to traffic on 3 March 2019 by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
Champagne in Seashells
Champagne In Seashells is the second release by Liam Finn, his first with Eliza-Jane Barnes. The EP was recorded at Neil Finn's Roundhouse Studios in New Zealand and released on 21 September 2009. Liam Finn had been touring constantly for about two years with Barnes, heavily influencing the EP's theme of homesickness. The vinyl of Champagne in Seashells was released on Finn's label New Adventure. It includes the bonus track "Captain Cat Is Crying" with lines from the Dylan Thomas poem Under Milk Wood.

Liam Finn
Liam Mullane Finn (born 24 September 1983) is a New Zealand singer and musician. Born in Melbourne, Australia, he moved to New Zealand as a child. He is the son of musicians Sharon (Johnson) and Neil Finn. In 2020, he joined his father's band, Crowded House.
Bayandur, Armenia
Bayandur (Armenian: Բայանդուր) is a village in the Akhuryan Municipality of the Shirak Province of Armenia. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population was 690 in 2010, down from 711 at the 2001 census.

Shirak Province
Shirak (Armenian: Շիրակ, Armenian pronunciation: [ʃiˈɾɑk] ⓘ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. It is located in the north-west of the country, bordering the provinces of Lori to the east and Aragatsotn to the south and southeast, and the countries of Turkey to the west and Georgia to the north. Its capital and largest city is Gyumri, which is the second largest city in Armenia. It is as much semi-desert as it is mountain meadow or high alpine. In the south, the high steppes merge into mountain terrain, being verdant green in the spring, with hues of reddish brown in the summer. The province is served by the Shirak International Airport of Gyumri.
Konovalenko Sports Palace
Konovalenko Sports Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.  The capacity of the arena is 4,300 and opened in 1967. It was the home arena of the Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod ice hockey team of the Russian Super League until the Trade Union Sport Palace was renovated and expanded in 2007. Today, the arena serves as the training rink of Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod.

Trade Union Sport Palace
The Culture and Entertainment Complex Nagorny (Russian: Культурно-развлекательный комплекс Нагорный, romanized: Kul'turno-razvlekatel'nyy kompleks Nagornyy), abbreviated as CEC Nagorny or KRK Nagorny (КРК Нагорный), is an indoor sports and entertainment arena in the Sovetsky district of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was previously called the Nizhny Novgorod Sports Palace of Trade Unions (Нижегородский Дворец спорта Профсоюзов) and the Nagorny Sports Palace (Нагорный Дворец спорта). First opened in 1965, the arena was extensively renovated and expanded in 2007. The name "Nagorny" means 'upland' and refers to the arena's location in Upper City (Russian: Наго́рная часть, romanized: Nagórnaya chast', lit. 'upland part') geographic area of Nizhny Novgorod.
2012 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup final
The 2012 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup final will be the 17th final of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup, the highest football cup competition in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The date of both 2012 Final matches, as in all the recent years, is set so that it avoids clashes with Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina fixtures. Both matches took on Wednesday, between two rounds of the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The current holders, Željezničar, defended their title and brought home the fifth cup title it their history. Winning this cup, they also completed the double, as they already won the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, their second double in history and the first double any team won since the unification of the Premier league in 2002.

2011–12 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup
The 2011–12 Bosnia and Herzegovina Football Cup is the seventieth season of Bosnia and Herzegovina's annual football cup, and a twelfth season of the unified competition.  The competition started on 14 September 2011 and concluded on 16 May 2012. The winner would have qualified to the second qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, but as the cup was won by the league champion, the slot went to the second placed team in Premier league of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was Široki Brijeg who also ended up as the runner-up of the cup.

The defending champions FK Željezničar, having won their 4th title the previous year by defeating NK Čelik in the final with an aggregate score of 4–0, managed to defend their title and claim their fifth one against Široki Brijeg in final which they won 1–0 on aggregate, completing the double for that season as they won the league title four days before the second leg of the final.

All top clubs entered from the first round of 32.
Pat Duncan
Patricia Jane Duncan (born April 8, 1960) is a Canadian politician from Yukon. Duncan served as leader of the Yukon Liberal Party from 1998 to 2005 and as the sixth premier of Yukon from 2000 until 2002. Duncan was the first Liberal premier of the Yukon and the first female premier in the Yukon, the second woman in Canadian history to win the premiership of a province or territory through a general election, the first to do so by defeating an incumbent premier, and the first to do so by defeating a male opponent.

Duncan was appointed to the Senate of Canada on December 12, 2018. In September 2025, she was appointed Deputy Government Liaison in the Senate.

Piers McDonald
Piers McDonald, OC (born August 4, 1955) is a Yukon politician and businessman. 
Born in Kingston, Ontario, McDonald, originally a miner by profession, is a long-time MLA, Cabinet minister, and the fifth premier of Yukon. He was leader of the Yukon New Democratic Party from 1995 to 2000.

Post-politics, McDonald became a businessman and community developer. He is a founding member, and currently chair, of Northern Vision Development, which has focused on residential and property revitalization, commercial real estate, and hospitality services in Yukon. He was also the chancellor of Yukon University from 2016 to 2020.
Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, commonly known as table salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

Halite
Halite (/ˈhælaɪt, ˈheɪlaɪt/ HAL-yte, HAY-lyte), commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl). Halite forms isometric crystals. The mineral is typically colorless or white, but may also be light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. It commonly occurs with  other evaporite deposit minerals such as several of the sulfates, halides, and borates. The name halite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for "salt", ἅλς (háls).
Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro
Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro (transl. Let It Go, Mates) is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language satirical black comedy film directed by Kundan Shah and produced by the NFDC. It is a dark satire on the rampant corruption in Indian politics, bureaucracy, news media, and business. The film stars an ensemble cast including Naseeruddin Shah, Ravi Baswani, Om Puri, Pankaj Kapur, Satish Shah, Satish Kaushik, Bhakti Barve and Neena Gupta. Blow-Up, a 1966 English-language film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni in which a photographer unwittingly takes photographs of the killing, was an inspiration for a part of Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro.

Kundan Shah won the 1984 Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director for his work. The film was part of the NFDC Retrospective at India International Film Festival in 2006.

Satish Kaushik
Satish Chandra Kaushik (13 April 1956 – 9 March 2023) was an Indian actor, director, producer, comedian, editor and screenwriter. He found fame in Bollywood with Mr. India starring Anil Kapoor, Sridevi, and Amrish Puri, where he played the iconic character of a cook named Calendar. He later directed films such as Tere Naam.