hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Kwangmyong (network)
Kwangmyong (Korean: 광명; lit. bright light) is a North Korean national intranet service opened in the early 2000s. The Kwangmyong intranet system stands in contrast to the global Internet in North Korea, which is available to fewer people in the country.

The network uses domain names under the .kp top level domain that are not usually accessible from the global Internet. As of 2016, the network uses IPv4 addresses reserved for private networks in the 10.0.0.0/8 range, also known as 24-bit block as defined in RFC 1918. North Koreans often find it more convenient to access sites by their IP address rather than by domain name using Latin characters. Like the global Internet, the network hosts content accessible with web browsers, and provides an internal web search engine. It also provides email services and news groups. The intranet is managed by the Korea Computer Center.

National intranet
A national intranet  is an  Internet Protocol-based walled garden network maintained by a nation state as a national substitute for the global Internet, with the aim of controlling and monitoring the communications of its inhabitants, as well as restricting their access to outside media. Other names have been used, such as the use of the term halal internet in Iran.

Such networks generally come with access to state-controlled media and national alternatives to foreign-run Internet services: search engines, web-based email, and so forth.
Battle of Loyew (1649)
The Battle of Loyew (Belarusian: Бітва пад Лоевам, Ukrainian: Битва під Лоєвом, Polish: Bitwa pod Łojowem; 31 July 1649) was fought between the Zaporozhian Host against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as a part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day town of Loyew on the Sozh River in Belarus, a forces of the Zaporozhian under the command of Colonels Mykhailo Krychevsky, Stepan Pobodailo and Martyn Nebaba was defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth’s forces under the command of Prince Janusz Radziwiłł and Nobleman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski. Prince Janusz Radziwiłł was able to engage a forces of the Zaporozhian Cossacks before they merged. First, he defeated the army of the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Colonel Mykhailo Krychevsky, who was killed in the battle; then he defeated the rest armies of the Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of the other Colonels Stepan Pobodailo and Martyn Nebaba.

Stepan Pobodailo
Stepan Pobodailo or Podobailo (Old Ukrainian: Стефан Пободайло/Подобайло, Ukrainian: Степан Пободайло; died 1654) was a Ukrainian Cossack leader.

In 1646 he began the reconstruction of the Trinity–Saint Elijah's Monastery in Chernihiv.

He was in the service of Adam Kisiel until 1648, then went to Bohdan Khmelnytsky and was active in the Khmelnytsky Uprising.  In 1649, he was defeated at the Battle of Loyew while trying to aid Mykhailo Krychevsky. He took part in negotiations with Moscow in Pereiaslav in 1654. On July 1654, he was killed during the Siege of Gomel.
Gunship
A gunship is a military aircraft armed with heavy aircraft guns, primarily intended for attacking ground targets either as airstrike or as close air support.

In modern usage the term "gunship" refers to fixed-wing aircraft having laterally-mounted heavy armaments (i.e. firing to the side) to attack ground or sea targets. These gunships are configured to circle the target instead of performing strafing runs. Such aircraft have their armament on one side harmonized to fire at the apex of an imaginary cone formed by the aircraft and the ground when performing a pylon turn (banking turn). The term "gunship" originated in the mid-19th century as a synonym for gunboat and also referred to the heavily armed ironclad steamships used during the American Civil War.

The term helicopter gunship is commonly used to describe armed helicopters.

Strafing
Strafing is the military practice of attacking ground targets from low-flying aircraft using aircraft-mounted automatic weapons. 
Less commonly, the term is used by extension to describe high-speed firing runs by any land or naval craft such as fast boats, using smaller-caliber weapons and targeting stationary or slowly-moving targets.
N. G. L. Hammond
Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, CBE, DSO, FBA (15 November 1907 – 24 March 2001) was a British historian, geographer, classicist and an operative for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in occupied Greece during the Second World War.

Hammond was seen as the leading expert on the history of ancient Macedonia. His trilogy, A History of Macedonia, has been described as the "most celebrated (and partly irreplaceable) work" on the subject. Additionally, he was recognised for his meticulous research on the geography, historical topography and history of ancient Epirus.

Epirus (ancient state)
Epirus (/ɪˈpaɪrəs/; Epirote Greek: Ἄπειρος, Ápeiros; Attic Greek: Ἤπειρος, Ḗpeiros) was an ancient Greek kingdom, and later republic, located in the geographical region of Epirus, in parts of north-western Greece and southern Albania. Home to the ancient Epirotes, the state was bordered by the Aetolian League to the south, Ancient Thessaly and Ancient Macedonia to the east, and Illyrian tribes to the north. The Epirote king Pyrrhus is known to have made Epirus a powerful state in the wider Hellenistic world (during 297–272 BC) that was comparable to the likes of Macedon and Ancient Rome. Pyrrhus' armies also attempted an assault against the state of Ancient Rome during their unsuccessful campaign in what is now modern-day Italy.
1948 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1948 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 81st United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 2, 1948, while Maine held theirs on September 13. These elections coincided with President Harry S. Truman's election to a full term. Truman had campaigned against a "do-nothing"' Republican Party Congress that had opposed his initiatives and was seen as counterproductive. The Democratic Party regained control of both the House and Senate in this election. For Democrats, this was their largest gain since 1932.

These were the last elections until 1980 when a member of a political party other than the Democrats, Republicans, or an independent had one or more seats in the chamber. To date, this is the last time the Democrats gained more than 50 seats in a U.S. House election.

81st United States Congress
The 81st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1951, during the fifth and sixth years of Harry S. Truman's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1940 United States census.

The Democrats won back the majority in both chambers, and with the election of President Harry S. Truman to his own full term in office, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta.
James Speed
James Speed (March 11, 1812 – June 25, 1887) was an American lawyer, politician, and professor who was in 1864 appointed by Abraham Lincoln to be the United States Attorney General. Speed previously served in the Kentucky legislature and in local political offices.

Farmington (Louisville, Kentucky)
Farmington, an 18-acre (7.3 ha) historic site in Louisville, Kentucky, was once the center of a hemp plantation owned by John and Lucy Speed. The 14-room, Federal-style brick plantation house was possibly based on a design by Thomas Jefferson and has several Jeffersonian architectural features. As many as 64 African Americans were enslaved by the Speed family at Farmington.
Komoro Domain
Komoro Domain (小諸藩, Komoro han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.  It is located in Shinano Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Komoro Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Komoro in Nagano Prefecture.

Yoita Domain
Yoita Domain (与板藩, Yoita-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan.   It was located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Yoita Jin'ya, located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture.
Lauren Nourse
Lauren Nourse (born 10 August 1982) is an Australian former international netballer. Between 2007 and 2011, she made 25 senior appearances for Australia. Nourse was a member of the Australia teams that won the gold medal at the 2007 World Netball Championships and the silver medal at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Between 2004 and 2012, Nourse played for Queensland Firebirds. In 2011, she captained Firebirds when they won the 2011 ANZ Championship.

2011 ANZ Championship season
The 2011 ANZ Championship season was the fourth season of the ANZ Championship. The 2011 season began on 13 February and concluded on 22 May. With a team coached by Roselee Jencke, captained by Lauren Nourse and featuring Romelda Aiken, Laura Geitz, Clare McMeniman and Natalie Medhurst, Queensland Firebirds finished the season undefeated. They became the first team in the history of the ANZ Championship to go through the regular season and the playoffs without losing a single match. In the major semi-final, Firebirds defeated Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic  and in the grand final they defeated Northern Mystics, winning their first premiership. This marked the beginning of a golden age for Firebirds. Between 2011 and 2016, Jencke guided them to five grand finals and three premierships.
Alexander Neil McLean
Alexander Neil McLean (November 12, 1885 – March 12, 1967) was a Canadian businessman and an appointee to the Senate of Canada.

Born in Hartland, New Brunswick, he was known as Neil. Along with his brother, Allan, in 1923 he and a group of investors took control of Connors Brothers Limited, a large fish processing business based in Blacks Harbour, New Brunswick. As president of the company, Neil McLean built the business into the world's largest producer of canned sardines.

In 1945, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed Neil McLean to the Senate for the Southern New Brunswick division. He served until his death in 1967.

Allan M.A. McLean
Allan Marcus Atkinson McLean (September 27, 1891 – April 27, 1969) was a Canadian businessman who co-managed Connors Brothers Limited, a New Brunswick based fish processing business, and a politician who served as a member of the House of Commons of Canada.
George Whitefield Chadwick
George Whitefield Chadwick (November 13, 1854 – April 4, 1931) was an American composer. Along with John Knowles Paine, Horatio Parker, Amy Beach, Arthur Foote, and Edward MacDowell, he was a representative composer of what is called the Second New England School of American composers of the late 19th century. Chadwick's works are influenced by the Realist movement in the arts, characterized by a down-to-earth depiction of people's lives.

His works included several operas, three symphonies, five string quartets, tone poems, incidental music, songs and choral anthems. Along with a group of other composers collectively known as the Boston Six, Chadwick was one of those responsible for the first significant body of concert music by composers from the United States.

Edward MacDowell
Edward Alexander MacDowell (December 18, 1860 – January 23, 1908) was an American composer and pianist of the late Romantic period. He was best known for his second piano concerto and his piano suites Woodland Sketches, Sea Pieces and New England Idylls. Woodland Sketches includes his most popular short piece, "To a Wild Rose". In 1904 he was one of the first seven Americans honored by membership in the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Triumph of Love (musical)
Triumph of Love is a musical with a book by James Magruder, lyrics by Susan Birkenhead, and music by Jeffrey Stock. It is based on a play of the same name by the 18th-century French playwright Pierre de Marivaux.

Pierre de Marivaux
Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux (/mærɪˈvoʊ/; French: [pjɛʁ kaʁlɛ də ʃɑ̃blɛ̃ də maʁivo]; 4 February 1688 – 12 February 1763), commonly referred to as Marivaux, was a French playwright and novelist.

Marivaux is considered one of the most important French playwrights of the 18th century, writing numerous comedies for the Comédie-Française and the Comédie-Italienne of Paris. His most important works are Le Triomphe de l'amour, Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard and Les Fausses Confidences. He also published a number of essays and two important but unfinished novels, La Vie de Marianne and Le Paysan parvenu.
Jamomet family
The Jamomet family, also known as Jamometi, Jamometić or Jamometović, was one of the twelve noble tribes of the Kingdom of Croatia, mentioned in the Pacta conventa (1102). Originally from Dalmatia, in the 14th century the surname is also mentioned in Zachlumia, possibly being a branch of the Croatian tribe, but the relationship remains uncertain.

Pacta conventa (Croatia)
Pacta conventa (lit. 'agreed accords') was an agreement concluded between King Coloman of Hungary and the Croatian nobility in 1102 or afterwards, defining the status of Croatia in the union with Hungary. The earliest manuscript of the document is of the fourteenth century, so some historians believe it is likely a forgery.

The document titled Pacta conventa or Qualiter (the first word in the document) was found in a Trogir library. Until the 19th century it was considered that it dated to 1102. However, historians today hold that it is not an authentic document from 1102 and likely a forgery from the 14th century, but that the contents of the Pacta Conventa still correspond to the political situation of that time in Croatia. The document is preserved in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.
James Mountaine
James Mountaine (c1819-1868) was an Irish Nationalist, "Young Irelander" and Fenian who lived in Cork, Ireland. For the first twenty years of his life, he spelled his name James Mountain. He was a supporter of Daniel O’Connell and the Irish liberation movement. As an adult he resided at 72 North Main Street, Cork, which has since been demolished, and worked as a shoe-maker. He was involved in the Fenian movement and imprisoned multiple times. By the time of his death, James Mountaine was a well known nationalist.

Brian Dillon
Brian Dillon (also spelled Bryan Dillon) (1830 – 17 August 1872) was an Irish republican leader and a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. He was a central figure in the Cork Fenian movement. After being arrested in 1865 for felony treason, he was found guilty and sentenced to ten years' penal servitude. Because of poor health condition, he was given amnesty after four and a half years. He returned to Cork and was welcomed enthusiastically but died eighteen months later.
Brainstorm (1965 film)
Brainstorm is a 1965 neo-noir thriller film starring Jeffrey Hunter (credited as Jeff) and Anne Francis. It was produced and directed by William Conrad, who was better known as an actor in radio, film, and such television series as Cannon and Jake and the Fatman, and was one of three suspense thrillers directed by Conrad for Warner Bros. Pictures in 1965, which also included Two on a Guillotine and My Blood Runs Cold.

Two on a Guillotine
Two on a Guillotine is a 1965 American horror film produced and directed by William Conrad and starring Connie Stevens. The screenplay by John Kneubuhl and Henry Slesar is based on a story by Slesar. The movie would be the first in a series of low-budget suspense dramas made by Warner Bros. Pictures in the vein of the successful William Castle films, and was followed by My Blood Runs Cold and Brainstorm, both also released in 1965 with Conrad as director. A fourth movie,  The Thing at the Door, was proposed, but never made.
Hajigabul District
Hajigabul District (Azerbaijani: Hacıqabul rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the east of the country, in the Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Kurdamir, Agsu, Shamakhi, Gobustan, Absheron, Baku, Salyan, Sabirabad and the city of Shirvan. Its capital and largest city is Hajigabul. As of 2020, the district had a population of 76,600.

Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region
Shirvan-Salyan Economic Region (Azerbaijani: Şirvan-Salyan iqtisadi rayonu) is one of the 14 economic regions of Azerbaijan. It borders Iran to the west, as well as the economic regions of Mil-Mughan, Central Aran, Mountainous Shirvan, Absheron-Khizi, Baku, and Lankaran-Astara. The region consists of the districts of Bilasuvar, Hajigabul, Neftchala, Salyan, as well as the city of Shirvan. It has an area of 6,080 square kilometres (2,350 sq mi). Its population was estimated to be at 501.3 thousand people in January 2021.
Moonlight Concessions
Moonlight Concessions is the eleventh studio album by the American alternative rock band Throwing Muses. Released on March 14, 2025, by Fire, it follows the band's 2020 album Sun Racket and the frontwoman Kristin Hersh's 2023 album Clear Pond Road.

Throwing Muses
Throwing Muses are an American alternative rock band formed in 1981 in Newport, Rhode Island that toured and recorded extensively until 1997, when its members began concentrating more on other projects.

The group was originally fronted by two step-sisters, Kristin Hersh and Tanya Donelly, who both wrote the group's songs. Throwing Muses are known for performing music with shifting tempos, creative chord progressions, unorthodox song structures, and surreal lyrics. The group was set apart from other contemporary acts by Hersh's stark, candid writing style; Donelly's pop stylings and vocal harmonies; and David Narcizo's unusual drumming techniques eschewing use of cymbals.
Borghild Niskin
Borghild Niskin (19 February 1924 – 18 January 2013) was a Norwegian alpine skier who finished 7th in the women's giant slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics at Cortina d'Ampezzo. She became the first woman awarded  the Holmenkollen medal that same year. (Shared with fellow Norwegians Arnfinn Bergmann and Arne Hoel.)

She is one of only eleven non-Nordic skiers to win the Holmenkollen medal (Stein Eriksen, King Haakon VII, Inger Bjørnbakken, Astrid Sandvik, King Olav V, Erik Håker, Jacob Vaage, King Harald V, and Queen Sonja. (all from Norway), and Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden) are the others.) She also finished fifth in the  alpine combined event at the Alpine World Skiing Championships in 1956.

Astrid Sandvik
Astrid Sandvik (born 1 October 1939) is a Norwegian Alpine skier who finished tied for sixth place (with fellow Norwegian and 1958 Holmenkollen medalist Inger Bjørnbakken) in the women's slalom at the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo.  In 1963, Sandvik was awarded the Holmenkollen medal (shared with Alevtina Kolchina, Pavel Kolchin, and Torbjørn Yggeseth.).  Sandvik is one of only eleven non-Nordic skiers to win the Holmenkollen medal (Stein Eriksen, King Haakon VII, Boghild Niskin, Inger Bjørnbakken, Sandvik, King Olav V, Erik Håker, Jacob Vaage, King Harald V, and Queen Sonja (all from Norway); and Ingemar Stenmark (Sweden) are the others.).

She also finished fourth in the slalom twice at the Alpine Skiing World Championships (1958, 1962) and competed at three Winter Olympics.
Alyna
Alyna is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by ABS-CBN. The series is based on the Filipino pocket book novel Dominic created by Martha Cecilia, the series is thirteenth installment of Precious Hearts Romances Presents. Directed by FM Reyes and Cathy Garcia-Molina, it stars Shaina Magdayao, Kaye Abad, Francine Prieto, Jason Abalos and Sid Lucero. It aired on the network's Hapontastic line up and worldwide on TFC from September 20, 2010 to February 11, 2011, replacing Precious Hearts Romances Presents: Impostor and was replaced by The Price is Right and I Love You So (Autumn's Concerto).

Shaina Magdayao
Shaina Garcia Magdayao (Tagalog: [ʃaʔˈɪnɐ gaɾˈsɪa maɡˈdɐjaʊ, ʃaɪ-]; born November 6, 1989) is a Filipino actress. Known primarily for her dramatic roles in film and television, she began her career as a child actress and starred in her first titular role Lyra. She is the recipient of various accolades including a FAMAS Award, a Metro Manila Film Festival Award, two Gawad Pasado Awards and a Young Critics Circle award, in addition to nominations from Gawad Urian and Luna Awards. Her works have also been competed in numerous film festivals around the world such as Cannes Film Festival, Busan International Film Festival, Berlin International Film Festival, and Locarno International Film Festival.
USS Kwajalein
USS Kwajalein (CVE-98) was the forty-fourth of fifty Casablanca-class escort carriers built for the United States Navy during World War II. She was named after the Battle of Kwajalein, in which American forces captured Kwajalein Atoll. The ship was launched in May 1944, commissioned in June, and served in support of the Philippines campaign. Later in the war, she served as a replenishment carrier, during which she was damaged by Typhoon Cobra. Postwar, she participated in Operation Magic Carpet, repatriating U.S. servicemen from throughout the Pacific. She was decommissioned in May 1946, when she was mothballed in the Pacific Reserve Fleet. Ultimately, she was sold for scrapping in January 1961.

Typhoon Cobra
Typhoon Cobra, also known as the Typhoon of 1944 or Halsey's Typhoon (named after Admiral William Halsey Jr.), was the United States Navy designation for a powerful tropical cyclone that struck the United States Pacific Fleet in December 1944, during World War II. The storm sank three destroyers, killed 790 sailors, damaged nine other warships, and swept dozens of aircraft overboard off their aircraft carriers.

Task Force 38 (TF 38) had been operating about 300 mi (260 nmi; 480 km) east of Luzon in the Philippine Sea, conducting air raids against Japanese airfields in the Philippines and trying to refuel the ships. Information given to Halsey about the typhoon was incorrect, and despite warning signs of worsening conditions, the ships remained on station until December 17, when Halsey ordered the Third Fleet into the center of the typhoon.

With currently available data, it was the 23rd and last known Western Pacific tropical cyclone formed during the 1944 season.
William Wisher Jr.
William Howard Peter Wisher Jr. is an American screenwriter, known for his work with long-time friend James Cameron on the screenplays for The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day, and his work with Caleb Carr on Exorcist: The Beginning and Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist.

Caleb Carr
Caleb Carr (August 2, 1955 – May 23, 2024) was an American military historian and author. Carr was the second of three sons born to Lucien Carr and Francesca Von Hartz.

Carr authored The Alienist, The Angel of Darkness, Casing the Promised Land, The Lessons of Terror, Killing Time, The Devil Soldier, The Italian Secretary, and The Legend of Broken, as well as 'My Beloved Monster', a memoir about his relationship with Masha, his half-wild Siberian Forest Cat. He previously taught military history at Bard College, and worked extensively in film, television, and the theater. His military and political writings appeared in numerous magazines and periodicals, among them The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. He lived in upstate New York.