hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Andrzej Marecki
Andrzej Marecki (2 September 1898 – 4 July 1943) was a Polish military officer. He was a colonel in the Polish Army, lecturer in tactics and member of the Polish General Staff during World War II. He died in the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash.

Władysław Sikorski's death controversy
Władysław Sikorski's death controversy revolves around the death of the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile, General Władysław Sikorski, in the 1943 B-24 crash in Gibraltar. Sikorski's Liberator II crashed off Gibraltar almost immediately after takeoff, with the plane's pilot being the only survivor.

The catastrophe, while officially classified as an accident, has led to several conspiracy theories that persist to this day, and often propose that the crash was an assassination, which has variously been blamed as a German, Soviet, British and even Polish conspiracy.

The incident is still described by some historians as mysterious and was investigated by the Polish Institute of National Remembrance. They concluded that the injuries sustained were consistent with a plane crash and that there was not enough evidence to support or reject the theory that the plane was deliberately sabotaged.
Gweith Gwen Ystrat
Gweith Gwen Ystrat (in English: The Battle of Gwen Ystrad) is a late Old Welsh or Middle Welsh heroic poem found uniquely in the Book of Taliesin, where it forms part of the Canu Taliesin, a series of poems attributed to the 6th-century court poet of Rheged, Taliesin.

Book of Taliesin
The Book of Taliesin (Welsh: Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.

The volume contains some of the oldest poems in Welsh, possibly but not certainly dating back to the sixth century and to a real poet called Taliesin.
Daniel Lindley
Daniel Lindley (August 24, 1801 – September 3, 1880) was an American missionary in South Africa. He and his wife Lucy founded the Inanda Seminary School in 1869. Lindley was pastor to the first Dutch Reformed Church in the Orange Free State. He was a pastor to the Voortrekkers.

Inanda Seminary School
Inanda Seminary School is one of the oldest schools for girls in South Africa. It was founded in 1869 at Inanda, a settlement just over 20 miles (32 km) north of Durban, by Daniel and Lucy Lindley, an American missionary couple.
Siege of the Castle of Saint George
The siege of the Castle of Saint George or siege of Cephalonia occurred from 8 November until 24 December 1500, when following a series of Venetian disasters at the hands of the Turks, the Spanish-Venetian army under Captain Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and Benedetto Pesaro succeeded in capturing the Ottoman stronghold of Cephalonia.

Benedetto Pesaro
Benedetto Pesaro (c. 1430 – August 1503) was a Venetian nobleman who served as commander-in-chief of the Venetian navy from 1500 to 1503. He is notable for his military successes during the Second Ottoman–Venetian War.
Shaoxing Urban Rail Line
Shaoxing Urban Rail Line (Chinese: 绍兴城际线), also known as Shaoxing Tourism New Transit railway (Chinese: 绍兴风情旅游新干线) or Line S1, is a commuter rail service. It runs from Hangzhou South railway station in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou to Shangyu railway station in Shangyu District, Shaoxing on the existing Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway. There are also through operation to Ningbo–Yuyao intercity railway.

Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway
The Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway or Xiaoyong railway (simplified Chinese: 萧甬铁路; traditional Chinese: 蕭甬鐵路; pinyin: Xiāoyǒng tiělù), is a double-track railroad in eastern China between Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province.  Its name in Chinese, the Xiaoyong Line, is named after the railway's two terminal stations, Hangzhou South in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou on the southern bank of Qiantang River, and Ningbo, whose Chinese character abbreviation is yong. The line is 147.3 km (92 mi) long and was originally built in three parts in 1912, 1914 and 1936; rebuilt in 1959, then electrified in 2009.  Cities along route include Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Shangyu, Yuyao and Ningbo, all in Zhejiang Province. The Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway runs parallel to the line. The section between Ningbo and Zhuangqiao railway station is proposed to be quadruple-tracked.
Mycetopodidae
The Mycetopodidae are a family of freshwater pearly mussels in the order Unionida restricted to South America.  They are named for the mushroom-like shape of their foot.  Like all members of the Unionida they reproduce via a larval stage that temporarily parasitizes fish.  Banarescu lists four subfamilies with ten genera in total.

Unionida
Unionida is a monophyletic order of freshwater mussels, aquatic bivalve molluscs. The order includes most of the larger freshwater mussels, including the freshwater pearl mussels.  The most common families are the Unionidae and the Margaritiferidae.  All have in common a larval stage that is temporarily parasitic on fish, nacreous shells, high in organic matter, that may crack upon drying out, and siphons too short to permit the animal to live deeply buried in sediment.
Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622, was completed in October 1791 for the clarinettist Anton Stadler. It consists of three movements, in a fast–slow–fast succession.

The work was completed a few weeks before the composer's death. It was to be his second to last completed work, 'Laut verkünde unsre Freude' (KV 623) being his last, and has been described as his swan song. The date of its first performance is not certain, but may have been 16 October 1791 in Prague.

The concerto was written to be played on the basset clarinet, which can play lower notes than an ordinary clarinet, but after the death of Mozart it was published with changes to the solo part to allow performance on conventional instruments. The manuscript score is lost, but from the latter part of the 20th century onwards many performances of the work have been given on basset clarinets in conjectural reconstructions of Mozart's original.

Basset clarinet
The basset clarinet is a member of the clarinet family similar to the usual soprano clarinet but longer and with additional keys to enable playing several additional lower notes. Typically a basset clarinet has keywork going to a low (written) C or B, as opposed to the standard clarinet's E or E♭. The basset clarinet is most commonly a transposing instrument in A, although basset clarinets in C and B♭ and very seldom in G also exist. The similarly named basset horn is also a clarinet with extended lower range, but is in a lower pitch (typically F); the basset horn predates, and undoubtedly inspired, the basset clarinet.
The Crazy Family (1940 film)
The Crazy Family (Swedish: Snurriga familjen) is a 1940 Swedish comedy film directed by Ivar Johansson and starring Thor Modéen, Elsa Carlsson and Åke Söderblom. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Arne Åkermark.

It marked the film debut of the future star Viveca Lindfors.

Thor Modéen
Thor Modéen (22 January 1898 – 28 May 1950) was a Swedish actor and comedian who was active in both  movies and on stage. Thor Modéen Teatern,  a 3D cinema and theater in Kungsör, was named in his honor.
George II of Georgia
There was also a Giorgi II, Catholicos of Kartli who ruled in 826–838.

George II (Georgian: გიორგი II, romanized: giorgi II) (c. 1050 – 1112), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king (mepe) of Georgia from 1072 to 1089. He was a son and successor of Bagrat IV and his wife Borena of Alania. Unable to deal effectively with the constant Seljuk Turkish attacks and overwhelmed by internal problems in his kingdom, George was forced to abdicate in favor of his energetic son David IV, to whom he remained a nominal co-ruler until his death in 1112. He also held the high Byzantine titles of curopalates (c. 1060) and caesar (c. 1081).

Bagrat IV of Georgia
Bagrat IV (Georgian: ბაგრატ IV; 1018 – 24 November 1072), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the king (mepe) of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1027 to 1072. During his long and eventful reign, Bagrat sought to repress the great nobility and to secure Georgia's sovereignty from the Byzantine and Seljuk Empires. In a series of intermingled conflicts, Bagrat succeeded in defeating his most powerful vassals and rivals of the Liparitid family, bringing several feudal enclaves under his control and reducing the kings of Lori and Kakheti-Hereti, as well as the emir of Tbilisi to vassalage. Like many medieval Caucasian rulers, he bore several Byzantine titles, particularly those of Nobilissimus, Kouropalates, and sebastos.
Mnike
"Mnike" is an amapiano single by South African record producer Tyler ICU and singer-songwriter Tumelo_za. It features guest appearances from DJ Maphorisa, Nandipha808, Ceeka RSA and Tyron Dee as it was released on 28 April 2023 under Sony Music Entertainment Africa (with exclusive licence from New Money Gang Records). It peaked at the number one spot on Billboard South Africa Songs, The Official South African Charts, and hit one million streams two weeks after its release.

Tyler ICU
Austin Khulani Baloyi,  professionally known under the alias of Tyler ICU, is a South African DJ and record producer born and raised in Kempton park, Gauteng. He rose to prominence subsequent to the release of "Mnike" which was certified platinum in South Africa, and peaked at number one for sixteen consecutive weeks on The Official South African Charts and Billboard South Africa songs.

Baloyi was introduced to the mainstream in 2020 when he put out his single "Bella Ciao" with Nicole Elocin alongside DJ Maphorisa and Kabza de Small which led an extended play Money Heist. In 2021 he released "Banyana" with DJ Maphorisa which was certified double platinum.
Mace of Nova Scotia
The Mace of the Province of Nova Scotia is an ornamental ceremonial mace which serves as a symbol of authority in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The mace is constructed of gilded sterling silver, and was gifted to the House by Chief Justice Robert Harris in March 1930. The Nova Scotia House of Assembly had ordered a mace to be procured as early as 1785, but these orders were not carried out, making the mace gifted by Harris the first to be used in the House.

Robert Edward Harris
Robert Edward Harris (18 August 1860 – 30 May 1931) was a Canadian businessman, lawyer, and judge. He was the Chief Justice of Nova Scotia from 1918 until his death in 1931. Harris was the donor of the Mace of the Province of Nova Scotia in March 1930.
Seven Second Surgery
Seven Second Surgery is the debut studio album by Canadian pop punk band Faber Drive. It was released on May 1, 2007, under 604 Records. The songs "24 Story Love Affair" and "Sex and Love" from the band's EP Faber were also added to the album. Seven Second Surgery garnered positive reviews from critics, who praised the production and the band's musicianship but questioned their longevity in an oversaturated market. The album spawned four singles: "Second Chance", "Tongue Tied", "When I'm with You", and "Sleepless Nights (Never Let Her Go)".

When I'm with You (Faber Drive song)
"When I'm with You" is a song by Canadian pop punk band Faber Drive. It was released as the third single from their debut studio album Seven Second Surgery. The song peaked at number 19 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart. The music video was filmed in a hospital and premiered on February 20, 2008, on MuchMusic's MuchOnDemand.
Huckleberry Finn (1931 film)
Huckleberry Finn is a 1931 American pre-Code adventure comedy film directed by Norman Taurog, and written by Grover Jones and William Slavens McNutt, based on Mark Twain's 1884 novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It stars Jackie Coogan as Tom Sawyer, Mitzi Green as Becky Thatcher, Junior Durkin as Huckleberry Finn, and Jackie Searl as Sid Sawyer.

Mitzi Green
Mitzi Green (born Elizabeth Keno; October 22, 1920 – May 24, 1969) was an American actress and singer known for her work as a child actress for Paramount and RKO, in the early "talkies" era.  She then acted on Broadway and in other stage works, as well as in films and on television.
The Shield of Honor
The Shield of Honor is a 1927 American silent crime drama film directed by Emory Johnson based on the original story by Emilie Johnson.  It starred  Neil Hamilton, Dorothy Gulliver, and Ralph Lewis. This film explores a new branch of law enforcement - the Sky Cops.  We follow the story of Jack MacDowell, the department's first pilot. During his new duties, Jack acquires a love interest and enlists the help of his retired father.  They all work together, attempting to solve a series of diamond heists. Jack and his father deal with burning buildings, exchanging gunfire with jewel thieves, and a spectacular aerial battle. They finally arrest the perpetrators. Following its New York City premiere on December 10, 1927, the film was released on February 18, 1928, by Universal Pictures.

Emilie Johnson
Emilie Johnson (June 3, 1867 – September 23, 1941) was a Swedish-American author, scenarist, and movie producer. She was the mother of American actor, director, producer, and writer Emory Johnson. In 1912, Emory Johnson dropped out of college and embarked upon a career in the movie business, starting as an assistant camera operator at Essanay Studios.

In 1913, Emilie Johnson and her husband moved from San Francisco, California to Essanay company bungalows in Niles, California to support their son. In 1915, she began writing stories for the screen.

In the 1920s, Johnson and her son became famous as Hollywood's only mother-son directing/writing team. She wrote all of the stories and screenplays her son used for his successful career directing melodramas. The Johnson team continued producing melodramas until the late 1920s. By the early 1930s, their string of successes had ended. Emilie Johnson died in Los Angeles in 1941. She was living with her son at the time of her death.
Agata Buzek
Agata Bronisława Buzek (born 20 September 1976) is a Polish actress and model. She began her career appearing in films The Ballad of the Windshield Washers (1998), The Gateway of Europe (1999), The Hexer (2001) and The Revenge (2002), receiving Polish Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination for latter.

Buzek received Polish Academy Award for Best Actress and Shooting Stars Award for her role in the 2009 comedy-drama film, Reverse. She won her second Polish Academy Award for Best Actress for performance in the 2021 comedy-drama film, My Wonderful Life. Buzek starred in a various internationally-produced films, such as Nightwatching (2007), Hummingbird (2013), The Innocents (2016), High Life (2018), After Blue (2021) and Dovbush (2023).

Dovbush (film)
Dovbush (Ukrainian: «Довбуш») is a Ukrainian historical adventure film directed by Oles Sanin and based on the life of Oleksa Dovbush, the most famous of opryshky leaders in the Carpathian Mountains. The film is one of the most expensive Ukrainian films with a budget of UAH 120 million (state share UAH 65 million).

The premiere took place on August 24, 2023 (the May 2022 release was canceled due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine).

The history of cinematic references to the image of Oleksa Dovbush includes the 1959 film Oleksa Dovbush directed by Viktor Ivanov with Afanasii Kochetkov in the title role, and the 2018 film Legend of the Carpathians directed by Serhii Skobun with Valerii Kharchyshyn.
Carbon copy
A carbon copy is a method of document copying where the original document is placed over a sheet of carbon paper and a blank sheet, then pressure is applied on the original document, so the document is printed on the blank sheet with carbon.

When copies of business letters were so produced, it was customary to use the acronym "CC" or "cc" before a colon and below the writer's signature to inform the principal recipient that carbon copies had been made and distributed to the parties listed after the colon. With the advent of word processors and e-mail, "cc" is used as a merely formal indication of the distribution of letters to secondary recipients.

Carbon paper
Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) consists of sheets of paper that create one or more copies simultaneously with the creation of an original document when inscribed by a typewriter or ballpoint pen. The email term cc, which stands for "carbon copy", is derived from this use of carbon paper.
Cal Tjader
Callen Radcliffe Tjader Jr. (/ˈdʒeɪdər/ JAY-dər; July 16, 1925 – May 5, 1982) was an American Latin Jazz musician, often described as the most successful non-Latino Latin musician. He explored other jazz idioms, especially small group modern jazz, even as he continued to perform the music of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Although his main instrument was the vibraphone, Tjader was also accomplished on the drums, bongos, congas, timbales, and the piano. He worked with many musicians from several cultures. He is often linked to the development of Latin rock and acid jazz. Although the fusion of Jazz with Latin music is often pigeonholed as "Latin Jazz", Tjader's works swung freely between both styles. His Grammy award in 1980 for his album La Onda Va Bien capped off a career that spanned over 40 years.

Willie Bobo
William Correa (February 28, 1934 – September 15, 1983), better known by his stage name Willie Bobo, was an American Latin jazz percussionist and jazz drummer of Puerto Rican descent. Bobo rejected the stereotypical expectations of Latino music and was noted for his versatility as an authentic Latin percussionist as well as a jazz drummer easily moving stylistically from jazz, Latin, and rhythm and blues music.
K. S. Sethumadhavan
Kurukkalpadam Subrahmanyam Sethumadhavan (15 May 1931 – 24 December 2021) was an Indian film director and screenwriter who worked predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He also directed films in Hindi, Tamil, Kannada and Telugu.

Since the early 1960s, he directed over 60 movies including many landmark films in the Malayalam film history such as Odayil Ninnu, Yakshi, Kadalpalam, Achanum Bappayum, Ara Nazhika Neram, Panitheeratha Veedu, Anubhavangal Palichakal, Punarjanmam and Oppol.

He won numerous awards including ten National Film Awards and nine Kerala State Film Awards including four for Best Direction. In 2009, he was awarded the J. C. Daniel Award, Government of Kerala's highest honour for contributions to the Malayalam cinema.

Odayil Ninnu
Odayil Ninnu (From the Gutter) is a Malayalam novel written by Indian author P. Kesavadev in 1942. The protagonist of the novel is a rickshaw-puller named Pappu. The novel is one of the best-known works of Kesavadev. With the appearance of the novel in 1942 began the publication of a series of high-quality novels in Malayalam.
Pladda
Pladda (Scottish Gaelic: Pladaigh) is an uninhabited island 1 km (0.62 mi) off the south coast of the Isle of Arran in the Firth of Clyde at grid reference NS027191, western Scotland. It is home to the automated Pladda Lighthouse. The island is privately owned, having been put up for sale by Arran Estate in 1990. The island was put on sale in 2022 for £350,000, and bought shortly after.

Firth of Clyde
The Firth of Clyde is the estuary of the River Clyde, on the west coast of Scotland. The Firth has some of the deepest coastal waters of the British Isles and is sheltered from the Atlantic Ocean by the Kintyre Peninsula.  The Firth lies between West Dunbartonshire in the north, Argyll and Bute in the west, and Inverclyde, North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire in the east. Kilbrannan Sound is a large arm of the Firth, separating the Kintyre Peninsula from the Isle of Arran. The Kyles of Bute separates the Isle of Bute from the Cowal Peninsula. The Sound of Bute separates the islands of Bute and Arran.

The Highland Boundary Fault crosses the Firth.  The Firth also played a vital military role during World War II.

The Firth is sometimes called the Clyde Waters or Clyde Sea. It is customarily considered to be part of the Irish Sea.
Daily Review
The Daily Review was a daily newspaper published in Hayward, California. Floyd L. Sparks was owner of the Review from 1944 to 1985, along with The Argus of Fremont and the Tri-Valley Herald.

It was last owned by the Bay Area News Group-East Bay (BANG-EB), a subsidiary of MediaNews Group, which bought the paper in 1985. As of 2011, the executive editor was Kevin Keane.

The Argus (Fremont)
The Argus was a newspaper in the town of Fremont, California. Floyd L. Sparks was the longtime owner of The Argus, along with the Daily Review and the Tri-Valley Herald. It was last owned by Bay Area News Group-East Bay (BANG-EB), a subsidiary of MediaNews Group, who purchased the papers from Sparks in 1985.

The newspaper was scheduled to be closed down, with the last issue of the paper published on November 1, 2011. The Oakland Tribune, Alameda Times-Star, Hayward Daily Review, Fremont Argus and West County Times all published their last editions the same day. On November 2, subscribers will get copies of the new East Bay Tribune, a localized edition of The Mercury News. The plans were later reversed. In 2016, the paper was one of four that was merged into the East Bay Times.
2021 Quiz Olympiad
Organised by the International Quizzing Association and held from 11 to 14 November 2021, the 2021 Quiz Olympiad in Kraków was the second Quiz Olympiad. The event was planned to take place from 5 November 2020 until 8 November 2020, but was postponed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

World Quizzing Championships
The World Quizzing Championships is an individual quiz contest organised by the International Quizzing Association (the umbrella organisation of various quizzing activities from more than 25 countries around the world). The competition has been staged annually since 2003 (2003) (since 2004 in more than one country simultaneously) with an increasing number of contestants from an increasing number of nations. Since 2006, the competition has been staged on the first Saturday of every June.

Contestants answer questions from eight broad categories and can earn up to 30 points in each, for a potential score of 240. Prior to 2022, they were allowed to drop their lowest-scoring category, leaving a maximum of 210. Under these rules, Pat Gibson and Jesse Honey jointly hold the high score record with 186 points, achieving that mark in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Since the rules were changed to count all eight categories, Daoud Jackson holds the record with 187 points, achieved in 2025.
Carlprit
Rudi Frank Harold Schwamborn (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːdiː ˈʃvamˌbɔʁn]; born 20 May 1988 in Avenues, Harare, Zimbabwe), professionally known as Carlprit,  is a German-Zimbabwean rapper, songwriter, DJ and music manager. He has performed and written for acts such as Cascada, Alexandra Stan and Laurent Wolf. Schwamborn is best known for his song "Fiesta" as well as his appearance in Cascada's 2009 hit single "Evacuate the Dancefloor". The title sold over three million copies worldwide and reached the top 20 on Billboard charts, making Carlprit the first person of Zimbabwean origin to have a song on the top U.S. Billboard charts.

Evacuate the Dancefloor (song)
"Evacuate the Dancefloor" is a song by German group Cascada from their third studio album of the same name. The song features a rap by Afro-German rapper Carlprit and was released as the album's lead single on 29 June 2009.

The song peaked at number five on the German Singles Chart. Outside Germany, the single topped the charts in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It also became the act's third number-one single on the US Billboard Hot Dance Airplay chart and second top forty hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, following 2006's "Everytime We Touch". The single peaked within the top ten of the charts in several countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand and the Republic of Ireland, and the top thirty in the United States. The track was featured on the Xbox 360 Kinect video game Dance Central, as well as the television advertisements for the game.