hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Joyce Craig
Joyce Craig (née Hopkins; born March 30, 1967) is an American politician who served as the 56th mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. She was the first female mayor of the city, having been elected in 2017.

Craig was the Democratic nominee for governor of New Hampshire in the 2024 election. She lost to former Republican U.S. Senator Kelly Ayotte.

Mayoral elections in Manchester, New Hampshire, in the 21st century
Beginning shortly after the city's incorporation as a city in 1846, elections have been held in the mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire. The following article provides information on the elections for mayor in the city during the 21st century.
DSBFirst
DSBFirst was a railway company that operated rail franchises in Denmark and Sweden.  It was a joint venture between Danish state railway operator DSB and British transport group FirstGroup.  FirstGroup had a 25% shareholding in DSBFirst Denmark and 20% in DSBFirst Sweden and DSBFirst Väst.  By March 2011 FirstGroup's shareholding in the Swedish divisions had increased to 30%.

DSB (railway company)
DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner (pronounced [ˈtænskə ˈstɛˀtsˌpɛːnɐ], Danish State Railways), is the largest Danish train operating company. It's also the largest train operating company in Scandinavia. While DSB is responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways, goods transport and railway maintenance are outside its scope. DSB runs a commuter rail system, called the S-train, in the area around the Danish capital, Copenhagen, that connects the different areas and suburbs in the greater metropolitan area. Between 2010 and 2017, DSB operated trains in Sweden.

DSB was founded in 1885, when the state-owned companies De jysk-fynske Statsbaner and De sjællandske Statsbaner merged. DSB was established in 1885, after the state in 1867 under the name De Jutland-Fynske Statsbaner took over the private company Det Danske Jernbanedriftselskab and in 1880 they also took over the privately owned Zealand Railway Company.
Beijing Normal University
Beijing Normal University (BNU) (Chinese: 北京师范大学) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China, and co-funded by the Ministry of Education and the Beijing Municipal People's Government. It is a renowned institution of higher education known for teacher education, education science and basic learning in both the arts and the sciences. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction.

Project 211
Project 211 (Chinese: 211工程) was a higher education development and sponsorship scheme of the government of China for "preparing approximately 100 universities for the 21st century", initiated in November 1995. There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program.

Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin administration in 1990s as part of the "revitalize the country through science and education" strategy. They were nullified and replaced by the Double First-Class Construction in 2015, under the Xi Jinping administration.
Brynmawr
Brynmawr (/brɪnˈmaʊər/ brin-MOUR, Welsh: [brɨnˈmaur]; Welsh for 'big hill') is a market town, community and electoral ward in Blaenau Gwent, Wales. The town, sometimes cited as the highest town in Wales, is situated at 1,250 to 1,500 feet (380 to 460 m) above sea level at the head of the South Wales Valleys. It grew with the development of the coal mining and iron industries in the early 19th century. Until the reorganisation of local authorities in 1974, Brynmawr was administered as part of the county of Brecknockshire.

Blaenau Gwent
Blaenau Gwent (/ˌblaɪnaɪ ˈɡwɛnt/; Welsh: [ˈbləi.nai]) is a county borough in the south-east of Wales. It borders the unitary authority areas of Monmouthshire and Torfaen to the east, Caerphilly to the west and Powys to the north. Its main towns are Abertillery, Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale and Tredegar. Its highest point is Coity Mountain at 1,896 feet (578 m).
Ptolemy (Gnostic)
Ptolemy the Gnostic, (Greek: Πτολεμαίος ο Γνωστικός Latin: Ptolemaeus Gnosticus) was a disciple of the Gnostic teacher Valentinius and is known for the Letter to Flora, an epistle he wrote to a wealthy woman named Flora, herself not a Gnostic.

Letter to Flora
The "Letter to Flora" is a Gnostic text written by Ptolemy, a Valentinian teacher, to a woman named Flora.

Prior to the discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library, the Letter was one of the few authentic Gnostic works available to scholars. The letter was included in full in Epiphanius's Panarion, an unsympathetic text which condemns its theology as heretical. Ptolemy's beliefs are also known from the writings of Irenaeus.
Kamara James
Kamara Latoya James (November 23, 1984 – September 20, 2014) was an American Olympic épée fencer.

James was born in Kingston, Jamaica, into a single-parent household. Her family moved to Jamaica, Queens, New York, when she was 10. She was given a full fencing scholarship to The Dwight School, an independent college preparatory school. She then attended Princeton University on a full academic scholarship.

James began fencing at age 11, through the Peter Westbrook Foundation.  
In 2003, she won a bronze medal at the junior world championships.

She competed in the women's individual épée event at the 2004 Summer Olympics.  James died at age 29, in September 2014.

Dwight School
Dwight School is a private independent for-profit college preparatory school located on Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City. Dwight offers the International Baccalaureate curriculum to students ages two through grade twelve.
Dagmar Dolby
Dagmar Dolby DBE (née Bäumert; born 1941) is a German-American philanthropist billionaire with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion as of January 2025. The source of her wealth comes from Dolby Laboratories, founded by her late husband Ray Dolby.

Ray Dolby
Ray Milton Dolby (/ˈdoʊlbi, ˈdɒl-/; January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR, which has been said to have "transformed sound reproduction".

In the 1950s he contributed to development of the video tape recorder while at Ampex, and in 1965 he founded Dolby Laboratories in London. There he invented and patented a method of noise reduction for use in analog recording which was widely adopted for the cassette tape. The company moved to California in 1976 and went on to develop audio and video formats for films, home video recorders, home theater, television broadcasts, and video streaming services.
Wensleydale
Wensleydale is a valley in North Yorkshire, England. It is one of the Yorkshire Dales, which are part of the Pennines. The dale is named after the village of Wensley, formerly the valley's market town. The principal river of the valley is the Ure, which is the source of the alternative name Yoredale. The majority of the dale is within the Yorkshire Dales National Park; the part below East Witton is within the national landscape of Nidderdale.

Addlebrough, at 481 metres (1,578 feet), dominates the landscape of the upper dale, and Penhill, at 526 metres (1,726 feet), is prominent in the lower dale. The dale lends its name to the Yoredale Group of Carboniferous rocks. The dale is famous for its cheese, with the main commercial production at Hawes.

Hawes
Hawes is a market town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England, situated at the head of Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales, and historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. The parish had a population of 1,137 according to the 2011 census.

The parish of Hawes includes the neighbouring hamlet of Gayle. Hawes lies approximately 31.2 miles (50.2 km) west of the county town of Northallerton. It is renowned as a major producer of Wensleydale cheese.

Hawes is located within the Yorkshire Dales National Park and is a popular tourist destination.

A local non-profit organisation works to secure funding to maintain and reopen community amenities.
California State Route 201
State Route 201 (SR 201) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that serves Fresno and Tulare counties in the Central Valley. It connects State Route 99 in Kingsburg with State Route 245 at Elderwood. State Route 201 forms a short concurrency with State Route 63 near Calgro.

Tulare County, California
Tulare County (/tʊˈlɛəri/ ⓘ tuu-LAIR-ee) is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117. The county seat is Visalia. The county is named for Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. Drained for agricultural development, the site is now in Kings County, which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County.

Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The county is located south of Fresno, spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada.

Sequoia National Park is located in the county, as is part of Kings Canyon National Park, in its northeast corner (shared with Fresno County), and part of Mount Whitney, on its eastern border (shared with Inyo County). As of the 2020 census, the population was 473,117, up from 442,179 at the 2010 census.
Heroes season 1
The NBC superhero serial drama series Heroes follows the lives of people across the globe who possess various superhuman powers as they struggle to cope with their everyday lives and prevent foreseen disasters from occurring. The series premiered on American and Canadian television on September 25, 2006. The first season, which finished 21st of 142 American primetime television programs in Nielsen ratings, was released on DVD and HD DVD on August 28, 2007. The Blu-ray was released on August 26, 2008. Within the seasons of the show are "volumes", which allow the writers to focus on shorter story arcs. The first season comprises a single volume of 23 episodes called Genesis, which is also the same title of the show's pilot episode.

Genesis (Heroes)
"Genesis" is the pilot episode of the NBC superhero drama series Heroes. It was directed by David Semel and written by Tim Kring. The episode focuses on several of the main characters discovering their superpowers for the first time, and attempting to find out more about them. Some cast members, including Greg Grunberg and Leonard Roberts, do not appear in this episode, and are introduced later in the season (scenes including Grunberg were originally included in this episode but were cut before it aired).
Edgar Anderson
Edgar Shannon Anderson (November 9, 1897 – June 18, 1969) was an American botanist. He introduced the term introgressive hybridization and his 1949 book of that title was an original and important contribution to botanical genetics. His work on the transfer and origin of adaptations through natural hybridization continues to be relevant.

Anderson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1934. In 1954, he was an elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was also president of the Botanical Society of America in 1952, and was a charter member of the Society for the Study of Evolution and the Herb Society of America He received the Darwin-Wallace Medal of the Linnean Society in 1958.

Introgression
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species. Introgression is a long-term process, even when artificial; it may take many hybrid generations before significant backcrossing occurs. This process is distinct from most forms of gene flow in that it occurs between two populations of different species, rather than two populations of the same species.

Introgression also differs from simple hybridization. Simple hybridization results in a relatively even mixture; gene and allele frequencies in the first generation will be a uniform mix of two parental species, such as that observed in mules. Introgression, on the other hand, results in a complex, highly variable mixture of genes, and may only involve a minimal percentage of the donor genome.
1990 Osh clashes
1990 Osh riots (Kyrgyz: Ош окуясы; Uzbek: Oʻsh voqeasi, Ўш воқеаси; Russian: Ошская резня) were an ethnic conflict between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks that took place in June 1990 in the cities of Osh and Uzgen, part of the Kirghiz SSR. The immediate cause of the riots was a dispute between an Uzbek nationalist group Adolat and a Kyrgyz nationalist group Osh Aymaghi over the land of a former collective farm. While official estimates of the death toll range from over 300 to more than 600, unofficial figures range up to more than 1,000. The riots have been seen as a forerunner to the 2010 ethnic clashes in the same region.

Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (Kirghiz SSR) was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991. It was also known by the names Kyrgyzstan and Soviet Kyrgyzstan in the Kyrgyz language, as well as Kirghizia and Soviet Kirghizia in the Russian language. Landlocked and mountainous, it bordered Tajikistan and China to the south, Uzbekistan to the west and Kazakhstan to the north. The Kirghiz branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union governed the republic from 1936 until 1990.

On 30 October 1990, the Kirghiz SSR was renamed to the Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan; on 15 December, after declaring its state sovereignty, it was renamed again to the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. On 31 August 1991, it transformed into independent Kyrgyzstan.
Al Jasrah
Al Jasrah (Arabic: الجسرة) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Doha.

It hosts Souq Waqif, one of the largest souqs in Qatar. Other points of interest in the district include Souq Jaidah, the Souq Waqif Falcon Hospital, the Souq Waqif Horse Stables, Abdul Aziz Nasser Theatre, Waqif Art Centre, Al Koot Fort (also known as Doha Fort) and Doha Fort Museum.

Most of its landmarks are accessible through Al Souq Street, Souq Waqif Street and Al Jasra Street. To the immediate east of Al Jasrah is Al Souq, a Qatari commercial district that hosts a number of smaller-sized souqs.

Al Souq (Doha)
Al Souq (Arabic: السوق, romanized: As Sūq; also spelled As Sawq) is a Qatari commercial district in the municipality of Doha. It was named for its high density of souqs (public marketplaces) in the southern section of the district.

Abdullah bin Jassim Street services numerous government buildings and banks in the northern end of the district, including Abdulla Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center, Qatar Central Bank, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the Supreme Council for Economic Affairs and Investment. All of the district's souqs are located south of Abdullah bin Jassim Street. Its souqs include Souq Al Badi, Souq Al Faleh, Souq Al Asiery, Souq Al Dira, and Souq Al Jaber.

Doha's largest souq, Souq Waqif, is located to the immediate west of the district in Al Jasrah, which is separated from Al Souq by Grand Hamad Street.
Mossel Bay Local Municipality
Mossel Bay Municipality (Afrikaans: Mosselbaai Munisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala wase Mossel Bayi) is a local municipality within the Garden Route District Municipality, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. As of 2022, the population was 140,075.

Garden Route District Municipality
The Garden Route District Municipality (Afrikaans: Tuinroete-distriksmunisipaliteit; Xhosa: uMasipala weSithili sase Garden Route), formerly known as the Eden District Municipality, is a district municipality located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its municipality code is DC4.
Seiberg–Witten theory
In theoretical physics, Seiberg–Witten theory is an  supersymmetric gauge theory with an exact low-energy effective action (for massless degrees of freedom), of which the kinetic part coincides with the Kähler potential of the moduli space of vacua. Before taking the low-energy effective action, the theory is known as  supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, as the field content is a single  vector supermultiplet, analogous to the field content of Yang–Mills theory being a single vector gauge field (in particle theory language) or connection (in geometric language).

The theory was studied in detail by Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten (Seiberg & Witten 1994).

Supermultiplet
In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra, possibly with extended supersymmetry.

Then a superfield is a field on superspace which is valued in such a representation. Naïvely, or when considering flat superspace, a superfield can simply be viewed as a function on superspace. Formally, it is a section of an associated supermultiplet bundle.

Phenomenologically, superfields are used to describe particles. It is a feature of supersymmetric field theories that particles form pairs, called superpartners where bosons are paired with fermions.

These supersymmetric fields are used to build supersymmetric quantum field theories, where the fields are promoted to operators.
Didier Awadi
Didier Awadi is a Senegalese rapper and a significant figure in Francophone West African hip hop. As a founding member of Positive Black Soul (PBS) with Duggy Tee, Awadi toured around the world contributing to the international popularity of Hip Hop Galsen. Awadi works as a solo artist, accompanied by his crew PBS Radikal. He participates in the Senegalese music industry through his label, recording studio, and rehearsal space, Studio Sankara. Awadi offers a conscious and revolutionary style of music strengthened by articulated and rooted messages. His motivation and inspiration is grounded in the Burkinabé revolutionary Thomas Sankara's phrase: "Let's dare to invent our future!"

Senegalese hip-hop
Senegalese hip hop is a form of hip hop that originated in Senegal in the early 1980s. When hip hop first hit the scene in Africa, it went from merely being a fad, to a more social and political movement. Amongst the most influential leaders of this movement were artists from the country of Senegal. With the modernization of the country, and the rise in media, the youth of Senegal were able to embrace a new form of expression.

One of the main reasons why hip hop has become preeminent in Senegal is due to its mixture of sound and culture. "Senegal's hip hop scene is distinctive and its artist extremely talented. The country has a history of strong musical traditions..." Moreover, hip hop has not only become an aspect of life for the Senegalese people, but more importantly has translated to a way of life, gathering influence from the musical expression prior to its rise in Senegal, and understanding their past as it pertains heavily to its socially present state within music.
Denis Compton
Denis Charles Scott Compton CBE (23 May 1918 – 23 April 1997) was an English multi-sportsman. As a cricketer he played in 78 Test matches and spent his whole career with Middlesex. As a footballer, he played as a winger and spent most of his career at Arsenal, where he would win both the top flight and F.A. Cup.

A right-handed batsman and left-arm unorthodox spin bowler, Compton is regularly credited as one of England's most remarkable batsmen. Indeed, Sir Don Bradman said he was one of the greatest cricket players he'd ever seen. He is one of only twenty-five players to have scored over one hundred centuries in first-class cricket. In 2009, Compton was posthumously inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. The Denis Compton Oval and a stand at Lord's Cricket Ground are both named in his honour.

Left-arm unorthodox spin
Left-arm unorthodox spin, also known as slow left-arm wrist spin, is a type of spin bowling in the sport of cricket. Left-arm unorthodox spin bowlers use wrist spin to spin the ball and make it deviate from left to right after pitching. The direction of turn is the same as that of a traditional right-handed off spin bowler, although the ball will usually turn more sharply due to the spin being imparted predominantly by the wrist.

Some left-arm unorthodox bowlers also bowl the left-arm equivalent of a googly or a 'wrong'un' and the ball ends up turning from right to left on the pitch, going away from a right-handed batsman as if the bowler were an orthodox left-arm spinner.
Abbotsholme College
Abbotsholme College was an open-air private school in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It operated from 1908 to 1925 in the suburb of Killara. Pupils during the school's brief existence included two future prime ministers, William McMahon and Harold Holt.

Open air school
Open air schools or schools of the woods were purpose-built educational institutions for children, that were designed to prevent and combat the widespread rise of tuberculosis that occurred in the period leading up to the Second World War. The schools were built to provide open-air therapy so that fresh air, good ventilation and exposure to the outside would improve the children's health. The schools were mostly built in areas away from city centers, sometimes in rural locations, to provide a space free from pollution and overcrowding. The creation and design of the schools paralleled that of the tuberculosis sanatoriums, in that hygiene and exposure to fresh air were paramount.
Arwal
Arwal town is the administrative headquarters of Arwal district in Bihar state of India. It was earlier part of Jehanabad district. The district as formed to control the naxalism in the area. District was formed from the area of two near by districts i.e. Jehanabad and Aurangabad. Arwal has a population of 588,000. Arwal, the district headquarters is approximately 80 km south from the state capital Patna. Arwal town is situated on the right side bank of the Sone River, which is a tributary to the Ganges.

Sone River
Sone River, also spelt Son River, is a perennial river located in central India. It originates near Amarkantak Hill in Pendra (Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi district), Chhattisgarh and finally merges with the Ganges river near Maner in Patna, Bihar. The Sone River is the second-largest southern tributary of the Ganges after the Yamuna River. India's oldest river bridge Koilwar Bridge over the Sone River connects Arrah with Patna. Sone river is famous for its sand across country. Multiple dams and hydro-electric projects run on its course towards the Ganges.The river is also mentioned in Valmiki Ramayans's Balkand where Ram. Laxman along with Vishvamitra is crossing the river to further go north towards Ganga.
2015–16 Buffalo Bulls women's basketball team
The 2015–16 Buffalo Bulls women's basketball team represented the University at Buffalo during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Bulls, led by fourth year head coach Felisha Legette-Jack, played their home games at Alumni Arena as members of the East Division of the Mid-American Conference. They finished the season 20–14, 8–10 in MAC play to finish in third place in the East Division. They won the MAC women's tournament and earned an automatic trip to the NCAA women's tournament for the first time in school history, where they lost in the first round to Ohio State.

2016 MAC women's basketball tournament
The 2016 Mid-American Conference women's basketball tournament is a post-season basketball tournament for the Mid-American Conference (MAC) 2015–16 college basketball season. Tournament first-round games will be held on campus sites at the higher seed on March 7. The remaining rounds will be held at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland between March 9–12. The winner of the tournament will receive the conference's automatic bid into the 2016 NCAA tournament.

Defending champion Ohio earned the #1 seed. Both of Ohio's conference losses had come against eight-seeded Buffalo. The young Bulls defeated #9 seed Bowling Green and then upset Ohio for a third time that season in the quarter-final.  Buffalo then defeated fifth-seeded Akron and regular season runner-up Central Michigan to win the tournament championship. Stephanie Reid of Buffalo was the MVP. With the automatic bid, Buffalo lost to Ohio State in the NCAA Tournament.