hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1766 Istanbul earthquake
The 1766 Istanbul earthquake was a strong earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara, in the Çınarcık Basin (or near the Princes' Islands, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766. The earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 7.1 on the surface-wave magnitude scale, and caused effects in a vast area extending from Izmit to Rodosto (now Tekirdağ). In this area, the earthquake was followed by a tsunami which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock Istanbul because of a rupture of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara region.

Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora, the Marmara Sea or Propontis /prəˈpɒntɪs/ (ancient Greek: Προποντίς /pro.ponˈdis/), is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's European and Asian sides. It has an area of 11,350 km2 (4,380 sq mi), and its dimensions are 280 km × 80 km (174 mi × 50 mi). Its greatest depth is 1,370 m (4,490 ft).
Jason Brown (figure skater)
Jason Lawrence Brown (born December 15, 1994) is an American figure skater. He is a two-time Four Continents medalist (2020 silver, 2018 bronze), a nine-time Grand Prix medalist, a 13-time Challenger Series medalist, and the 2015 U.S. national champion. Earlier in his career, he became a two-time World Junior medalist (2013 silver, 2012 bronze), the 2011–12 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and the 2010 junior national champion.

At only 19, Brown won a bronze medal in the team event at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, becoming one of the youngest male figure skating Olympic medalists.

2013 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
The 2013 World Junior Figure Skating Championships was an international figure skating competition in the 2012–13 season. Commonly called "World Juniors" and "Junior Worlds", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

The event was held in Milan, Italy from 25 February to 3 March 2013.
Kumkum (actress)
Kumkum (born Zaibunnisa Khan; 22 April 1934 – 28 July 2020) was an Indian actress.

She is best known for her roles in Ankhen (1968), Lalkaar (1972), Mother India (1957), Mr. X in Bombay (1964), Dil Bhi Tera Hum Bhi Tere (1960), Son of India (1962), Kohinoor (1960), Ujala, Naya Daur, Shreeman Funtoosh, Ek Sapera Ek Lutera, Ganga Ki Laharen, Raja Aur Runk, Geet and Ek Kuwara Ek Kuwari. She paired with many film heroes of her era and was popular in roles alongside Kishore Kumar.

Kumkum also acted in Bhojpuri films, starting with Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo (1963), which was also the first ever Bhojpuri film.

Lalkar
Lalkar (Challenge) is a 1972 Indian Hindi-language war action film produced and directed by Ramanand Sagar. It was adapted from a Hindi novel Sagar had written, called "Lalkar". The film had music composed by Kalyanji Anandji and the lyricists were Hasrat Jaipuri, Indeevar, Mahendra Dehlvi and Kulwant Jani. It was rated as a hit and cited as one of the "highest grossers" of 1972. Stated to be the costliest war film produced at the time, it starred Dharmendra, Rajendra Kumar, Mala Sinha and Kumkum in lead roles. The rest of the cast included Nazir Hussain, Sujit Kumar, Ramesh Deo, Dara Singh and Agha.
Miriam Ezagui
Miriam Malnik-Ezagui (born 1986) is an American nurse and TikToker known for making videos about her life and experiences as an Orthodox Jew living in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York. Malnik-Ezagui is the granddaughter of Holocaust survivor Lilly Appelbaum Malnik.

Lilly Appelbaum Malnik
Lilly Appelbaum Malnik (born 5 November 1928) is a Belgian-American Holocaust survivor who helped create the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. She was captured by Nazi soldiers in 1944, during the German occupation of Belgium, and was imprisoned at the Mechelen transit camp in Belgium, Auschwitz concentration camp in occupied Poland, and the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. She was liberated from Bergen-Belsen in April 1945 by the British Army. Malnik's mother, two siblings, aunt and uncle, and grandaunt and granduncle were all killed during The Holocaust in Belgium. After World War II, she emigrated to the United States and was reunited with her father. She married Abraham Malnik, a Soviet Holocaust survivor, and they assisted in the founding of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. With her granddaughter, the American social media content creator Miriam Ezagui, Malnik has made TikTok videos detailing life in concentration camps.
The Cannon Group, Inc.
The Cannon Group, Inc. was an American group of companies, including Cannon Films, which produced films from 1967 to 1994. The extensive group also owned, amongst others, a large international cinema chain and a video film company that invested heavily in the video market, buying the international video rights to several classic film libraries. The Cannon catalogue encompasses a wide range of different genres. Cannon Films is known for its highly successful 1980s action B movies, such as Missing in Action (1984), American Ninja (1985), and Bloodsport (1988). It also produced the Oscar-nominated films Joe (1970), Runaway Train (1985) and Street Smart (1987).

Joe (1970 film)
Joe is a 1970 American drama film written by Norman Wexler and directed by John G. Avildsen. It stars Peter Boyle, Dennis Patrick, and Susan Sarandon in her film debut.

The film follows New York business executive Bill Compton as his life unravels into murderous chaos after he kills his daughter Melissa's drug-dealing boyfriend Frank Russo and enters into a peculiar partnership with factory worker Joe Curran, a veteran with racist fantasies of vigilante violence. Their search for the missing Melissa leads to a raid on a hippie commune that turns into mass murder where Compton mistakenly shoots his own daughter.

The film's plot coincidentally resembled a real-life mass murder in Detroit, where the killer Arville Garland had killed his own daughter Sandra. The real-life killer gained publicity for his actions, and received letters of support from hundreds of parents. The film has received praise for its black comedy-style satire of social class.
Nowhere Man (American TV series)
Nowhere Man is an American mystery science fiction thriller television series that aired on UPN on Monday nights from August 28, 1995, to May 20, 1996, starring Bruce Greenwood. The series was created by Lawrence Hertzog. Despite critical acclaim, including TV Guide's label of "This season's coolest hit," the show was cancelled after one season. Reruns later aired in the early 2000s on Family Channel in Canada.

Lawrence Hertzog
Lawrence Hertzog (June 25, 1951 – April 19, 2008) was an American television writer and producer. He is best known for creating the cult series Nowhere Man, which aired for one season during 1995–1996 on UPN.

Hertzog was born in Flushing, Queens and grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey.

In addition to continuing work in the entertainment industry, Hertzog also hosted a podcast entitled Drinks with Larry and Lauren in Los Angeles, featuring himself and his former assistant Lauren Proctor.

Hertzog lived in Studio City, California. He died of cancer at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles on April 19, 2008.
Ken Krueger
Ken Krueger (October 7, 1926 – November 21, 2009) was an American publisher and retailer. Krueger co-founded and organized the first San Diego Comic-Con, then called "San Diego's Golden State Comic-Con," in 1970. Krueger co-created the annual convention with a group of San Diego friends, including Shel Dorf, Richard Alf and Mike Towry.

Mike Towry
Mike Towry is an American co-founder of San Diego Comic-Con. Towry established the annual convention, then called "San Diego's Golden State Comic Book Convention," in 1970 with a group of friends, including Richard Alf, Shel Dorf and Ken Krueger. Towry served as an early co-chairman of the convention.

In 2009, Towry and the other founders were honored for their contributions by San Diego Comic-Con.
WikiBaseball
WikiBaseball (Chinese: 臺灣棒球維基館) is a Taiwanese baseball website. It was created on April 14, 2005. Its major contents are people, event, time, place, and merchandise of Taiwanese baseball.

Wikibaseball runs on MediaWiki software. It is written collaboratively by volunteers. Besides feature story, all content is available under CC-BY-NC.

Because many people browse this website. United Daily News, Formosa Television and some Taiwan media introduce this website to Taiwanese people in March 2006. After several months, Wikibaseball teamed up with Chinese Taipei Baseball Association to digitize their relic. In addition, two Wikibaseball contributors contributed to Liberty Times and interviewed by Uonline reporter in March 2007.

Chinese Taipei Baseball Association
The Chinese Taipei Baseball Association (CTBA; Chinese: 中華台北棒球協會; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Táiběi bàngqiú xiéhuì) was established on February 28, 1973 to promote and develop baseball in Taiwan (known in international competition as Chinese Taipei due to political pressure from the People's Republic of China). The CTBA assists with hosting national and international baseball competitions to enhance the quality of Taiwanese baseball, and also to enhance the health of Taiwanese citizens, as well as promotes sportsmanship.

Baseball was introduced to Taiwan during Japanese occupation and is claimed to be one of the oldest national sports in Taiwanese history. The 7th president Peng Chenghao took over the office in 1998, and Jeffrey Koo, Jr. took over in 2018.
Vashti McCollum
Vashti Cromwell McCollum (November 6, 1912 – August 20, 2006) was the plaintiff in the landmark 1948 Supreme Court case McCollum v. Board of Education, which struck down religious education in public schools. The defendant in the case was the public school district of Champaign, Illinois; instructors chosen by three religious faiths had taught religion classes within the district's schools.

McCollum wrote a book on the case, One Woman's Fight (1953), became a world traveler and served two terms as president of the American Humanist Association from 1962 to 1965. She was also a signer of the Humanist Manifesto II in October 1973 and the Humanist Manifesto III in 2003.

In 1948, McCollum made this statement to The New York Times: "As long as the public school is used to recruit the child into any religious denomination or to segregate children as per varying religious doctrines or whose power of truancy is employed to make them attend theology classes, I'm against it".

McCollum v. Board of Education
McCollum v. Board of Education, 333 U.S. 203 (1948), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case related to the power of a state to use its tax-supported public school system to aid religious instruction. The case was a test of the separation of church and state with respect to education.

The case tested the principle of "released time" in which public schools set aside class time for religious instruction. The Court struck down a Champaign, Illinois, program as unconstitutional because of the public school system's involvement in the administration, organization, and support of religious instruction classes. The Court noted that some 2,000 communities nationwide offered similar released time programs affecting 1.5 million students.
HellermannTyton
HellermannTyton is a British registered company with affiliated companies in 40 countries manufacturing and supplying products for fastening, fixing, identifying and protecting cables and their connecting components. The company employs worldwide over 3,800 people. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange until it was acquired by Delphi Automotive in December 2015.
Delphi has since renamed and separated the part of its business that is focused on automated driving and electrification, calling the new entity Aptiv.

Aptiv
Aptiv PLC is an American automotive technology supplier with headquarters in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Aptiv grew out of the now-defunct American company, Delphi Automotive Systems, which itself was formerly a component of General Motors.
Bihar Economic Survey
The Bihar Economic Survey is a comprehensive report that provides a detailed analysis of the economic performance in the state of Bihar in India and its trajectory for future development. It is an annual report representing the economy of the state. It is presented at the legislature assembly of the state. It is presented on the first day of budget session by the finance minister of the state.

Bihar Legislative Assembly
The Bihar Legislative Assembly (ISO: Bihār Vidhān Sabhā), is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India. The first state elections were held in 1952.

Before the partition of Bihar, the total strength of membership in the assembly was 331, including one nominated member. After the partition, the seats were reduced to 243 members. Shri Krishna Singh became the first leader of the House and the first chief minister, Anugrah Narayan Singh was elected as the first deputy leader of the house and the first deputy chief minister.
Welf I
Welf I or Welfo (died before 876) was a Swabian nobleman. He was a member of the Elder House of Welf.

Welf was probably a son of Conrad I of Auxerre, and seems to have taken over his father's offices in Swabia, namely: count of Alpgau, count of Linzgau, and possibly count of Argengau. However, when Conrad and his other sons changed allegiance from King Louis the German to his half-brother King Charles the Bald in 859, Welf disappears from the historical record. It is assumed that he fell out of favor with King Louis and lost his offices; the Swabian branch of the Elder Welfs was not mentioned again until Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf, who died around 990 and was — according to legend — a descendant of Welf.

Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf
Rudolf II (also Rudolph; died c. 990) was a count of Altdorf and a member of the Swabian group of the Elder House of Welf.

He was the son of Rudolf I, count of Altdorf, son of Henry, son of Eticho count of Ammergau, son of Welf I. He was married to Ita of Öhningen, daughter of Conrad I, Duke of Swabia. With his wife, Ita, Rudolf had several children, including:

Henry, count of Altdorf (died c.1000).

Welf II, Count of Swabia

Richlind of Altdorf, married Adalbert II, count of Ebersberg (died 1045)

? Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg (1007-1041)

? Cuno I., count of Sualafeld  (died after 1020)

Rudolf died c. 990 and was buried at Altdorf.
Hermann Deiters
Hermann Deiters (27 June 1833 – 11 May 1907) was a German writer about music, and educator. He is known for his writings about Ludwig van Beethoven, publishing the composer's first major biography as a translation of Alexander Wheelock Thayer's work.

Alexander Wheelock Thayer
Alexander Wheelock Thayer (October 22, 1817 – July 15, 1897) was an American librarian and journalist who became the author of the first scholarly biography of Ludwig van Beethoven. After many updates, it was still regarded as a standard work of reference of the composer.
Meng Tian
Meng Tian (c. 250 BC – c.August or September 210 BC) was a Chinese inventor and military general of the Qin dynasty who distinguished himself in campaigns against the Xiongnu and in the construction of the Great Wall of China. He was the elder brother of Meng Yi. He descended from a great line of military generals and architects. His grandfather, Meng Ao, was a general from the era of King Zhao; and his father, Meng Wu, was also a general who served as a deputy to Wang Jian.

Meng Wu
Meng Wu (Chinese: 蒙武, fl. 3rd century BCE) was a general in the state of Qin during the Warring States period, who played a major role in the conquest of Chu.

He was a son of Meng Ao and the father of Meng Tian and Meng Yi, all Qin generals.
Machrie Moor Stone Circles
55°32′27″N 5°18′49″W﻿ / ﻿55.540829°N 5.313655°W﻿ / 55.540829; -5.313655

Machrie Moor Stone Circles is the collective name for six stone circles visible on Machrie Moor near the settlement of Machrie on the Isle of Arran, Scotland.

Moss Farm Road Stone Circle
55°32′31″N 5°19′46″W﻿ / ﻿55.541887°N 5.329363°W﻿ / 55.541887; -5.329363

Moss Farm Road Stone Circle (or Machrie Moor 10) is the remains of a Bronze Age burial cairn, surrounded by a circle of stones. It is located near Machrie on the Isle of Arran in Scotland (grid reference NR90063265).
3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine
3,4-Dimethoxyamphetamine (3,4-DMA), or simply dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families. It is one of the dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA) series of positional isomers.

Para-Methoxyamphetamine
para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA), also known as 4-methoxyamphetamine (4-MA), is a designer drug of the amphetamine class with serotonergic effects. Unlike other similar drugs of this family, PMA does not produce stimulant, euphoriant, or entactogenic effects, and behaves more like an antidepressant in comparison, though it does have some psychedelic properties.

PMA has been found in tablets touted as MDMA (ecstasy) although its effects are markedly different compared to those of MDMA. The consequences of such deception have often included hospitalization and death for unwitting users. PMA is commonly synthesized from anethole, the flavor compound of anise and fennel, mainly because the starting material for MDMA, safrole, has become less available due to law enforcement action, causing illicit drug manufacturers to use anethole as an alternative.
Measurable function
In mathematics, and in particular measure theory, a measurable function is a function between the underlying sets of two measurable spaces that preserves the structure of the spaces: the preimage of any measurable set is measurable. This is in direct analogy to the definition that a continuous function between topological spaces preserves the topological structure: the preimage of any open set is open. In real analysis, measurable functions are used in the definition of the Lebesgue integral. In probability theory, a measurable function on a probability space is known as a random variable.

Weakly measurable function
In mathematics—specifically, in functional analysis—a weakly measurable function taking values in a Banach space is a function whose composition with any element of the dual space is a measurable function in the usual (strong) sense.  For separable spaces, the notions of weak and strong measurability agree.
Nnedi Okorafor
Nnedimma Nkemdili Listenⓘ"Nnedi" Okorafor (formerly Okorafor-Mbachu; born April 8, 1974) is a Nigerian American writer of science fiction and fantasy for both children and adults. She is best known for her Binti Series and her novels Who Fears Death, Zahrah the Windseeker, Akata Witch, Akata Warrior, Lagoon and Remote Control. She has also written for comics and film.

Her writing is Africanfuturism and Africanjujuism, both terms she coined and is heavily influenced by her dual Nigerian and American heritage. She is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Hugo Award, Nebula Award, Eisner Award and World Fantasy Award. She is considered to be among the third generation of Nigerian writers. Okorafor was inducted by the Museum of Pop Culture into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2024.

Binti Trilogy
The Binti trilogy or Binti Series is a trilogy of Africanfuturist science fiction novellas by Nigerian American author Nnedi Okorafor. Beginning with Binti and ending with Binti: The Night Masquerade, it follows the heroine Binti as she leaves Earth to attend a prestigious university in space.
Parque de las Ciencias
Parque de las Ciencias Luis A. Ferré is an educational and recreational park located in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, owned by the Municipality of Bayamón, focused on STEAM education. It is one of multiple touristic attractions inaugurated under the leadership of longtime mayor Ramón Luis Rivera and is named after former Governor of Puerto Rico Luis A. Ferré. After two major closings, in November 2022, the Municipality of Bayamón announced the contracting of TV Educational Park Management as the new operator of the park which reopened on September 18, 2024.

Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon], locally [baʝaˈmoŋ]) is a city and municipality in Puerto Rico. Located on the northeastern coastal plain, it is bounded by Guaynabo to the east, Toa Alta and Naranjito to the west, Toa Baja and Cataño to the north, and Aguas Buenas and Comerío to the south. Part of the San Juan metropolitan area, Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and the downtown area and administrative center of Bayamón Pueblo. With a population of 185,187 as of the 2020 census, it is the second most populated municipality in the archipelago and island after the capital of San Juan.
Arsalan Kazemi
Arsalan Kazemi Naeini (Persian: ارسلان کاظمی نائینی; born 22 April 1990) is an Iranian professional basketball player for Shahrdari Gorgan of the Iranian Basketball Super League. He played college basketball for the Oregon Ducks and the Rice Owls basketball teams. He was the 54th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards, becoming the first Iranian to be drafted into the league. His rights were later traded to the Philadelphia 76ers.

He was the captain of the Iranian under-18 national basketball team and has previously played for Zob Ahan Isfahan in the Iranian Basketball Super League at the age of 17 before travelling to the United States in February 2008.

Iran men's national basketball team
The Iran men’s national basketball team (Persian: تیم ملی بسکتبال مردان ایران) represents Iran in international basketball, and are governed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Basketball Federation (IRIBF).

Iran is one of Asia’s most successful federations. Since the turn of the century, they’ve won three FIBA Asia Cup tournaments, while also claiming a silver and two bronze medals at the competition. Iran has also qualified for every edition of the FIBA World Cup since 2010, and have participated in two Olympic Games (2008, 2020).
Gamma Serpentis
Gamma Serpentis (γ Serpentis, γ Ser) is a star in the equatorial constellation Serpens, in the part of the constellation that represents the serpent's head (Serpens Caput). It has an apparent visual magnitude +3.85, which means it is visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements by the Gaia spacecraft, this star is approximately 36.4 light years from Earth.

Beta Serpentis
Beta Serpentis, Latinized from β Serpentis, also named Zhou, is a binary star system in the constellation Serpens, in its head (Serpens Caput). It is visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +3.65. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 21.03 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 155 light years from the Sun. The system is a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group.
Kaşık Island
Kaşık Island, (Turkish: Kaşık Adası, literally "Spoon Island"; Greek: Πίτα) is one of the nine islands comprising the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul. It is located between the islands of Burgazada and Heybeliada. Kaşık Adası is officially administered by Burgazada neighborhood in the Adalar district of Istanbul, Turkey.

Princes' Islands
The Princes' Islands (Turkish: Prens Adaları; the word "princes" is plural, because the name means "Islands of the Princes", Greek: Πριγκηπονήσια, Pringiponisia), officially just Adalar (English: Islands); alternatively the Princes' Archipelago; is an archipelago of nine islands off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, in the Sea of Marmara. These constitute the municipality and district of Adalar within Istanbul Province. With a total land area of 11 km2 (4.2 sq mi), it is the fifth smallest district in Istanbul and, with a permanent population of 16,690 (2022), by far the least populous district in Istanbul.

Adalar District is made up of the main four islands (Büyükada, Kınalıada, Burgazada, and Heybeliada) and the other smaller islands.