hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for conditions such as obstructed defecation syndrome, internal rectal prolapse, and rectocele. Circular surgical staplers are used to resect (remove) sections of the wall of the rectum via the anus. The defects are then closed with surgical staples. A modification of the technique is Contour Transtar. The average age of patients undergoing STARR is about 55 years, and 83% of procedures are carried out on females.

The procedure is controversial. The results of many thousands of STARR procedures have been published in research. Proponents state that the procedure is simple, minimally invasive, safe, and effective. Skeptics argue that the complications may be significant (fecal urgency, urge fecal incontinence) or rarely even life-threatening. There is a general trend away from STARR towards ventral rectopexy for surgical treatment of obstructed defecation syndrome.

Ventral rectopexy
Ventral rectopexy is a surgical procedure for external rectal prolapse, internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception), and sometimes other conditions such as rectocele, obstructed defecation syndrome, or solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. The rectum is fixed into the desired position, usually using a biological or synthetic mesh which is attached to the sacral promontory. The effect of the procedure is correction of the abnormal descended position of the posterior compartment of the pelvis (i.e., the rectum), reinforcement of the anterior (front) surface of the rectum, and elevation of the pelvic floor. In females, the rectal-vaginal septum is reinforced, and there may be an opportunity to simultaneously correct any prolapse of the middle compartment (i.e., the uterus). In such cases, ventral rectopexy may be combined with sacrocolpopexy. The surgery is usually performed laparoscopically (via small openings made in the abdomen).
U.S. Route 45 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 45 (US 45) enters Kentucky at Fulton in Fulton County and travels northeast through Hickman County, Graves County, and McCracken County. After passing through Mayfield in Graves County it heads directly north into Paducah as a four-lane highway. In Paducah, US 45 serves as a major artery, intersecting with Interstate 24 at Exit 7, and intersecting US 60 and 62. U.S. 45 leaves Kentucky from Paducah's northern border across the two-lane, metal-grate Brookport Bridge to Brookport, Illinois across the Ohio River.

U.S. Route 62 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 62 (US 62) in Kentucky runs for a total of 391.207 miles (629.587 km) across 20 counties in western, north-central, and northeastern Kentucky. It enters the state by crossing the Ohio River near Wickliffe, then begins heading eastward at Bardwell, and traversing several cities and towns across the state up to Maysville, where it crosses the Ohio River a second time to enter the state of Ohio.
RTS 3 (1989–2006)
RTS Third Channel was a Serbian television channel that was part of Radio Television of Serbia (RTS). It was created on 1 July 1989 and closed on 5 May 2006. The channel was originally dedicated to youth culture and, however, became the main film, alternative series and sports channel in the late 1990s and the early 2000s.

Radio Television of Serbia
Radio Television of Serbia (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Србије, romanized: Radio-televizija Srbije), or RTS (Serbian: РТС), formerly known as Radio Television Belgrade (Serbian: Радио-телевизија Београд, romanized: Radio-televizija Beograd) or RTB (Serbian: РТБ) from 1958 to 1992, is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music production, and record label (PGP-RTS). It is financed primarily through monthly subscription fees and advertising revenue.
SM City La Union
SM City La Union is a shopping mall owned by SM Prime Holdings. It is located at Along Diversion Road, Barangay Biday, San Fernando, La Union. It is the fifth and second largest SM Supermall in Ilocos Region, the first in the province of La Union, and 89th in the Philippines. It is owned and operated by SM Prime Holdings. It has a total retail area of 61,000 sq.m. and a total gross floor area of 112,000 sq.m.

SM Supermalls
SM Supermalls, or simply SM, is a chain of shopping malls owned by the Philippine-based SM Prime. As of February 2026, it has a total of 98 malls (89 in the Philippines and 9 in China), with nine more under construction (seven in the Philippines and two in China). It was originally known as Shoemart, from which the name SM is derived.
Gummy candy
Gummies, fruitgums, gummi candies, gummy candies, or jelly sweets are a broad category of gelatin- or gum-based chewable sweets. Popular types include gummy bears, Sour Patch Kids, Jelly Babies and gummy worms. Various brands such as Bassett's, Haribo, Albanese, Betty Crocker, Hersheys, Disney and Kellogg's manufacture various forms of gummy snacks, often targeted at young children. The name gummi originated in Germany, with the terms jelly sweets and gums more common in the United Kingdom.

Jelly Babies
Jelly Babies are a type of soft sugar jelly sweets in the shape of plump babies, sold in a variety of colours. They were first manufactured in Lancashire, England, in the nineteenth century. Their popularity waned before being revived by Bassett's of Sheffield in Yorkshire, who began mass-producing Jelly Babies (initially sold as "Unclaimed Babies") in 1918.
Rosi Wolfstein
Alma Rosalie (Rosi) Wolfstein (after 1948, Rosi Frölich: 27 May 1888 – 11 December 1987) was a German socialist politician. After the murder of her friend and mentor, the communist pioneer Rosa Luxemburg, she inherited Luxemburg's copious collection of papers, and devoted much time to organising the archive.   During the 1930s, with her partner Paul Frölich, Rosi Wolfstein worked on an important biography of Luxemburg.

Paul Frölich
Paul Frölich (7 August 1884 – 16 March 1953) was a German journalist and author. As a left-wing political activist, he was a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and founder of the party's paper, Die Rote Fahne. A KPD deputy in the Reichstag on two occasions, Frölich was expelled from the party in 1928, after which he joined the organized German Communist Opposition movement. Frölich is best remembered as a biographer of Rosa Luxemburg.
Camunic language
The Camunic language is an extinct language that was spoken in the 1st millennium BC in Val Camonica, a valley in the Central Alps. The language is sparsely attested to an extent that makes any classification attempt uncertain—even the discussion of whether it should be considered a pre–Indo-European or an Indo-European language has remained indecisive. Among several suggestions, it has been hypothesized that Camunic is related to the Raetic language from the Tyrsenian language family, or to the Celtic languages.

Rhaetic
Rhaetic or Raetic (/ˈraɪtɪk/), also known as Rhaetian, was a Tyrsenian language spoken in the ancient region of Rhaetia in the eastern Alps in pre-Roman and Roman times. It is documented by around 280 texts dated from the 5th through the 1st century BC, which were found through northern Italy, southern Germany, eastern Switzerland, Slovenia and western Austria, in two variants of the Old Italic scripts. Rhaetic is largely accepted as being closely related to Etruscan.

The ancient Rhaetic language is not to be confused with the modern Romance languages of the same Alpine region, known as Rhaeto-Romance.
Hippogriff
The hippogriff (Italian: ippogrifo) or hippogryph is a legendary creature with the front half of an eagle and the hind half of a horse.

It was invented at the beginning of the 16th century by Ludovico Ariosto in his Orlando Furioso. Within the poem, the hippogriff is a steed born of a mare and a griffin—something considered impossible. It is extremely fast and is presented as being able to fly around the world and to the Moon. Its original owner was the sorcerer Atlantes, a Saracen who lived in North Africa, and the knight errant (his adopted son) Ruggiero, who, from the creature's back, frees the beautiful Angelica. Astolfo also borrows the hippogriff from Bradamante to search for Roland's wits.

The hippogriff became a subject of visual art in the 19th century, when it was often drawn by Gustave Doré.

Griffin
The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: γρύψ, romanized: grýps; Classical Latin: gryps or grypus; Late and Medieval Latin: gryphes, grypho etc.; Old French: griffon) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion, and the head and wings of an eagle with its talons on the front legs.
Hough function
In applied mathematics, the Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations which govern fluid motion on a rotating sphere. As such, they are relevant in geophysics and meteorology where they form part of the solutions for atmospheric and ocean waves. These functions are named in honour of Sydney Samuel Hough.

Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and may be expressed as an infinite sum of associated Legendre polynomials; the functions are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case. Thus they can also be thought of as a generalized Fourier series in which the basis functions are the normal modes of an atmosphere at rest.

Secondary circulation
In fluid dynamics, a secondary circulation or secondary flow is a weak circulation that plays a key maintenance role in sustaining a stronger primary circulation that contains most of the kinetic energy and momentum of a flow.  For example, a tropical cyclone's primary winds are tangential (horizontally swirling), but its evolution and maintenance against friction involves an in-up-out secondary circulation flow that is also important to its clouds and rain. On a planetary scale, Earth's winds are mostly east–west or zonal, but that flow is maintained against friction by the Coriolis force acting on a small north–south or meridional secondary circulation.
John Paston (died 1504)
Sir John Paston (1444 – 28 August 1504), was the second son of John Paston and Margaret Mautby. He succeeded his elder brother, Sir John Paston, in 1479. He fought at Barnet and Stoke with John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, served as his deputy when Oxford was appointed Lord High Admiral of England, and was a member of the Earl's council. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information about the lives of the English gentry of the period.

John Paston (died 1479)
Sir John Paston (before 15 April 1442 – November 1479) was the eldest son of John Paston and Margaret Mautby. He succeeded his father in 1466, and spent a considerable part of his life attempting to make good his father's claim to the lands of Margaret Mautby's kinsman, Sir John Fastolf. A number of his letters survive among the Paston Letters, a rich source of historical information for the lives of the English gentry of the period. Although long betrothed to Anne Haute, a first cousin of Elizabeth Woodville, he never married, and was succeeded by his younger brother, also named John.
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria
Louis V, called the Brandenburger (May 1315 – 18 September 1361), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Margrave of Brandenburg from 1323 to 1351 and as Duke of Bavaria from 1347 until his death. From 1342 he also was co-ruling Count of Tyrol by his marriage with the Meinhardiner countess Margaret.

Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
Margaret, nicknamed Maultasch (1318 – 3 October 1369), was the last Countess of Tyrol from the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), and an unsuccessful claimant to the Duchy of Carinthia. Upon her death, Tyrol became united with the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburg dynasty.
Loudon Wainwright Jr.
Loudon Snowden Wainwright Jr. (December 16, 1924 – December 12, 1988) was an American writer. He was the father of folk singer Loudon Wainwright III and singer Sloan Wainwright, and grandfather to Rufus Wainwright, Martha Wainwright, and Lucy Wainwright Roche.

Sloan Wainwright
Sloan Wainwright (born 1957) is an American artist and member of the American independent music scene. Her musical style consists of a combination of folk, rock, jazz, and blues; which she developed while writing and performing in the Greenwich Village area of New York City. She released 11 albums between 1996 and 2021.
Tilyar Lake
Tilyar Lake is one of the major tourist attractions in the Indian state of Haryana. It is 70 km (43 mi) from New Delhi on the Delhi – Fazilka highway and is located close to the city of Rohtak in Haryana.

The Tilyar Lake is only 42 km (26 mi) from Delhi border and Tilyar Zoo at Rohtak is well maintained and worth visiting specially for families. Fishing is permissible at Tilyar Lake after paying INR200 fishing fee.

The lake lies in a 132-acre (0.53 km2) area and forms an integral part of the tourist setup, making it one of the greenest stretches in the adjoining area. Entry to Tilyar lake is free. The lake complex also houses Rohtak Zoo.

Rohtak Zoo
The Tilyar Mini Zoo, Rohtak is located inside the Tilyar Lake complex on Delhi Road in Rohtak, Haryana, India. This zoo was built in the year 1987.

The Tilyar Zoo at Rohtak is 42 km from Delhi border and the zoo is well maintained. Fishing is permissible at Tilyar Lake after paying ₹200 (US$2.30) fishing fee.
Saint Helen of Serbia
Saint Helen of Serbia (Serbian: Света Јелена Српска, romanized: Sveta Jelena Srpska; c. 1235 – 8 February 1314) was the queen consort of the Serbian Kingdom, as the spouse of King Stefan Uroš I, who ruled from 1243 to 1276. Their sons were later Serbian kings Stefan Dragutin and Stefan Milutin. As a dowager-queen, she held the provincial governorship in the regions of Zeta and Travunija (until 1308). She built Gradac Monastery and was known for her religious tolerance. She is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Her relics, however, are now lost.

Stefan Uroš I
Stefan Uroš I (Serbian Cyrillic: Стефан Урош I; c. 1223 – 1 May 1277), known as Uroš the Great (Serbian: Урош Велики, romanized: Uroš Veliki)[a] was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother Stefan Vladislav. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. During his reign the foundations were laid for the expansion of the Serbian medieval state, which would become an empire in the middle of the 14th century.
Marakata Pangkaja
Marakata Pangkaja was a Balinese king from the Warmadewa dynasty. He was the son of King Udayana and Queen Mahendradatta, a Javanese princess. His royal title was Çri Dharmawangsa Wardhana Marakata Pangkajastanottunggadewa. He ascended to the throne in 1022 CE, and probably reigned until 1049 CE. His reign coincided with the reign of his elder brother, King Airlangga, who ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java. After he died, the next king who ruled Bali was his younger brother, King Anak Wungsu.

In several inscriptions, King Marakata is depicted as a ruler who was like Lord Vishnu, who often helps his suffering people. The Bwahan B inscription stated that the king granted the request of the Bwahan village elders to buy a portion of the royal hunting ground, because they lacked sufficient land for herding and collecting firewood. His name is mentioned in at least 10 inscriptions found on the island of Bali.

Udayana Warmadewa
Udayana Warmadewa, also Udayana the Great or Dharmmodayana Warmadewa, was a king of the island of Bali in the 10th century. He belongs to the Warmadewa dynasty. He was married to the Javanese queen Mahendradatta, also known as Gunapriyadharmapatni. Their son was the famous Airlangga, who replaced the overthrown emperor of Java Dharmawangsa, and ruled in both Java and his original home of Bali. Mahendradatta and Udayana co-ruled Bali, issuing inscriptions in both their names.
Nebraska Highway 66
Nebraska Highway 66 is a highway in central and eastern Nebraska. It is a discontinuous highway with four segments heading in a west-to-east direction. The first segment begins at Nebraska Highway 14 south of Central City and ends at U.S. Highway 81 south of Stromsburg. The second segment begins at Nebraska Highway 15 west of Dwight and ends at Nebraska Highway 79 in Valparaiso. The third segment begins at U.S. Highway 77 south of Wahoo and ends at Main Street in Louisville. The fourth and final segment begins at the intersection with Walnut Street and Koop Avenue in Louisville, and ends at U.S. Highway 34 and U.S. Highway 75 west of Plattsmouth.

Nebraska Highway 14
Nebraska Highway 14 (N-14) is a highway in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It has a southern terminus at the Kansas border, where it continues south as K-14, southwest of Superior and a northern terminus east of Niobrara at the South Dakota border.
Battle of Sabha
The Battle of Sabha was a part of the Libyan Civil War and took place between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for the control of the desert oasis city of Sabha. It was the second conflict in the city since the start of the war after the 2011 Sabha clashes.

2011 Sabha clashes
The 2011 Sabha clashes were a series of clashes between forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and rebel anti-Gaddafi forces for control of the desert oasis city of Sabha

The clashes were part of the Libyan Civil War and took place during June 2011.
Mackie (company)
Mackie is an American professional audio products brand. Founded in Seattle in 1988 by Greg Mackie, a manufacturer of affordable and versatile compact pro audio mixers, Mackie is the primary product line of LOUD Technologies.

LOUD Audio
LOUD Audio, LLC is a professional audio company based in the United States, operating in the U.S., Canada, and Shenzhen, China. Originally founded as Mackie Designs, Inc., the name was changed to Loud Technologies Inc in 2003 to differentiate its founding subsidiary, mixing console manufacturer Mackie from its eponymous brand name.

Between 2003 and 2018, LOUD Technologies owned or distributed several music instrument and pro audio product brands that it had acquired over the years. Transom Capital Group acquired the company in October 2017, renaming it LOUD Audio, LLC and within 12 months had divested itself of brands Ampeg, Martin Audio and EAW, leaving Mackie as the sole surviving subsidiary.
McDonnell Douglas
McDonnell Douglas Corporation was a major American aerospace manufacturing corporation and defense contractor. It was formed by the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967. Between then and its own merger with Boeing in 1997, it produced well-known commercial and military aircraft, such as the DC-10 and the MD-80 airliners, the F-15 Eagle air superiority fighter, and the F/A-18 Hornet multirole fighter.

The corporation's headquarters were at St. Louis Lambert International Airport, near St. Louis, Missouri.

McDonnell Aircraft Corporation
The McDonnell Aircraft Corporation was an American aerospace manufacturer that was based in St. Louis, Missouri. The company was founded on July 6, 1939, by James Smith McDonnell, and was best known for its military fighters, including the F-4 Phantom II, and crewed spacecraft including the Mercury capsule and Gemini capsule. McDonnell Aircraft later merged with the Douglas Aircraft Company to form McDonnell Douglas in 1967.
Kikaider 01
Kikaider 01 (キカイダー01, Kikaidā Zero Wan) (Pronounced as Kikaider Zero One), is a tokusatsu superhero TV series, and a sequel series to Android Kikaider. Produced by Toei Company and Ishimori Productions, it was broadcast on NET (now TV Asahi) from May 12, 1973 to March 30, 1974, with a total of 46 episodes. Its title in Hawaii is Kikaida 01 (based on the Japanese title).

Kikaider 01 made an appearance alongside Kikaider, Inazuman, and Zubat in the 2011 movie OOO, Den-O, All Riders: Let's Go Kamen Riders.

Android Kikaider
Android Kikaider (人造人間キカイダー, Jinzō Ningen Kikaidā) is a tokusatsu television series based on the superhero manga Kikaider by Shotaro Ishinomori. The show was produced by Toei Company and Ishimori Productions, and was broadcast in Japan on NET (now TV Asahi) from July 8, 1972, to May 5, 1973, with a total of 43 episodes.

This series was also one of the first tokusatsus to air in the United States (notably Hawaii), as Kikaida: Android of Justice, on KIKU-TV.
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Ксения Александровна; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1875 – 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Dagmar of Denmark. She was the sister of the last Russian emperor, Nicholas II.

She married her father's cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children. She was the mother-in-law of Felix Yusupov and a cousin of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia who, together, killed Grigori Rasputin, holy healer to her nephew, the haemophiliac Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia. During her brother's reign she recorded in her diary and letters increasing concern about his rule. After the fall of the monarchy in February 1917, she fled Russia, eventually settling in the United Kingdom. Her great-grandson Alexis Romanoff has been a head of the Romanov Family since November 2021.

Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)
Maria Feodorovna (Russian: Мария Фёдоровна; 26 November 1847 – 13 October 1928), known as Princess Dagmar of Denmark before her marriage, was Empress of Russia from 1881 to 1894 as the wife of Emperor Alexander III. She was the fourth child and second daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel. Maria’s eldest son, Nicholas, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.
European Aquatics Women's Super Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Super Cup is an annual water polo match organized by the LEN and contested by the reigning champions of the two European club competitions, the Euro League and the LEN Trophy.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Super Cup.

European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup
The European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup, formerly the Women's LEN Trophy and LEN Women's Euro Cup, is European Aquatics's second-tier competition for women's water polo clubs. It was first held in 2000 and 2001 as the LEN Women's Cup Winners' Cup. It was contested for many seasons by around 15 teams, which could qualify for it either directly due to high ranking in their domestic league or by being eliminated at certain stages of the Champions' Cup. After the last reformations in the European competitions system by LEN, only four teams contesting for the trophy, coming after elimination at that season's LEN Euro League quarterfinals stage. Italy's Gifa Palermo, Ortigia, Racing Roma, Imperia, Russia's Shturm Ruza, and Greece's Ethnikos Piraeus are the most successful clubs in the competition with two titles each.

From 2024, after LEN was renamed to European Aquatics, the new name is the European Aquatics Women's Euro Cup.
MBTA CAF USA Type 10
The Type 10 LRV is a future class of low-floor light rail vehicle, to be manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) for the MBTA Green Line in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. The Type 10 cars are 54% longer than the existing rolling stock of the Green Line, and will be equipped with new safety and accessibility features.

The MBTA ordered 102 Type 10 cars in late 2022, at a cost of $810 million. The cars are expected to enter service in 2027, and will replace the Type 7, Type 8, and Type 9 cars. The MBTA is marketing the Type 10 as "supercars" due to their longer length and 100% low-floor design.: 5

MBTA CAF USA Type 9
The Type 9 LRV is a class of low-floor light rail vehicles manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) for the MBTA Green Line. The fleet of 24 Type 9 cars was ordered in 2014 for the Green Line Extension project, and the first cars began service in 2018. Final assembly for the Type 9 cars was performed in Elmira, New York, from body shells built in Spain.