hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Vitaly Ginzburg
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS (Russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; 4 October [O.S. 21 September] 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids."

He spent his career in the former Soviet Union and was one of the leading figure in former  Soviet program of nuclear weapons, working towards designs of the thermonuclear devices. He became a member of the  Russian Academy of Sciences and succeeded Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FIAN). In his later life, Ginzburg become an outspoken atheist and was critical of clergy's influence in Russian society.

Lebedev Physical Institute
The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Физи́ческий институ́т имени П. Н. Ле́бедева Российской академии наук) is a Russian research institute in Moscow, specializing in physics. The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov. It moved to Moscow and was named after a Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year. It is also known as P. N. Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute. In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN (ФИАН) standing for "Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences". The range of the research activities includes: laser technology, dark matter structure, nanostructures, superconductivity, cosmic rays, and gamma-astronomy. The institute developed a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia (which was called Fianit in Russia, named after FIAN).
Fabio Fabene
Fabio Fabene (born 12 March 1959) is an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church who has been the secretary of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints since January 2021. He was under-secretary of the Synod of Bishops from 2014 to 2021. He was consecrated a bishop on 30 May 2014.

Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
In the Catholic Church, the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, previously named the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (Latin: Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum), is the dicastery of the Roman Curia that oversees the complex process that leads to the canonization of saints, passing through the steps of a declaration of "heroic virtues" and beatification. After preparing a case, including the approval of miracles, the case is presented to the pope, who decides whether or not to proceed with beatification or canonization.
Birger Jarl
Birger Jarl or Birger Magnusson (c. 1210 – 21 October 1266) was a Swedish statesman and regent, jarl, and a member of the House of Bjälbo, who played a pivotal role in consolidating Sweden after the civil wars between the House of Erik and the House of Sverker. His first marriage was to Princess Ingeborg of Sweden, which created his base of power. Birger led the Second Swedish Crusade, which established Swedish rule in Finland. Additionally, he is traditionally attributed with the foundation of the Swedish capital, Stockholm, around 1250. Birger used the Latin title of dux sveorum et guttorum ("duke of Swedes and Geats").

Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia (Häme) in southern Finland described by Erik's Chronicle. According to the chronicle, the Swedes defeated the pagan Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl, and started building a castle in Tavastia.

The expedition has traditionally been dated to 1249–1250 based on the chronology of the chronicle. However, some researchers have suggested that the expedition instead took place already in 1238–1239, shortly after the Tavastian uprising and before the Battle of the Neva against the Novgorod Republic. The castle that the Swedes began constructing during the expedition has traditionally been identified as Häme Castle, but it may also have been the older Hakoinen Castle.

The Second Swedish Crusade consolidated and extended Swedish control over Finland.
Pg (Unix)
pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix-like systems for viewing text files.  It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe.  pg uses an interface similar to vi, but commands are different.

As of 2018, pg has been removed from the POSIX specification, but is still included in util-linux. Users are expected to use other paging programs, such as more, less or most.

Less (Unix)
less is a terminal pager program on Unix, Windows, and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file. Unlike most Unix text editors/viewers, less does not need to read the entire file before starting, allowing for immediate viewing regardless of file size.
Swiss International Air Lines
Swiss International Air Lines AG, stylised as SWISS, is the flag carrier of Switzerland and a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group, as well as a Star Alliance member. It operates scheduled services in Europe and to North America, South America, Africa and Asia. Zurich Airport serves as its main hub, and Geneva Airport as its secondary hub.

The company maintains its registered office and operational headquarters in Kloten, near Zurich Airport.

The airline was formed following the bankruptcy in 2002 of Swissair, Switzerland's then-flag carrier. The new airline was built around what had been Swissair's regional subsidiary, Crossair. Swiss retains Crossair's IATA code LX (Swissair's code was SR). It assumed Swissair's old ICAO code of SWR (Crossair's was CRX) to maintain international traffic rights.

Star Alliance
Star Alliance is an airline alliance headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. Founded on 14 May 1997, it was the world's first global airline alliance. Star Alliance has 25 member airlines that operate a combined fleet of over 5,000 aircraft, serving more than 1,300 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures.

As of April 2024, it is the world's largest airline alliance by market share, holding 17.4 percent compared to 13.7 percent for SkyTeam and 11.9 percent for Oneworld.

The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-locations), and many member aircraft are painted in the alliance's livery.
Westwood Studios
Westwood Studios, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was founded by Brett Sperry and Louis Castle in 1985 as Brelous Software, but got changed after 2 months into Westwood Associates and was renamed to Westwood Studios when Virgin Games (later Virgin Interactive Entertainment) bought the company in 1992. The company was bought by Electronic Arts alongside Virgin Interactive's North American operations in 1998. In January 2003, it was announced that Westwood, alongside Westwood Pacific (EA Pacific), would be merged into EA Los Angeles. The main studio location closed in March of that year.

Westwood is best known for developing video games in the real-time strategy, adventure and role-playing genres. It was listed in Guinness World Records for selling 30 million copies of Command & Conquer games worldwide.

Brett Sperry
Brett Sperry is an American video game designer, fine arts gallerist, and professional photographer. He is also a prominent developer of the Las Vegas arts community, where he has made significant investments in property and infrastructure, primarily in the Downtown Las Vegas area.

In the world of video and computer games, Sperry was the co-founder and president of Westwood Studios, where he created the Command and Conquer series, among other titles. During this time, Sperry was named the sixth most influential person in the history of computer gaming and listed among top ten best game developers. Westwood Studios later received the 2015 Industry Icon Award, presented by 2015 Game Awards host Kiefer Sutherland.
Three-point flexural test
The three-point bending flexural test provides values for the modulus of elasticity
in bending , flexural stress , flexural strain  and the flexural stress–strain response of the material. This test is performed on a universal testing machine (tensile testing machine or tensile tester) with a three-point or four-point bend fixture. The main advantage of a three-point flexural test is the ease of the specimen preparation and testing. However, this method has also some disadvantages: the results of the testing method are sensitive to specimen and loading geometry and strain rate.

Flexural strength
Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. The transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is bent until fracture or yielding using a three-point flexural test technique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress experienced within the material at its moment of yield. It is measured in terms of stress, here given the symbol .
Lee Shelton
Lee Shelton (March 16, 1865 – March 11, 1912), popularly known as "Stagolee", "Stagger Lee", "Stack-O-Lee", and other variations, was an American criminal who became a figure of folklore after murdering Billy Lyons on December 25, 1895. The murder, reportedly motivated partially by the theft of Shelton's Stetson hat, made Shelton an icon of toughness and style in the minds of early folk and blues musicians, and inspired the popular folk song "Stagger Lee". The story endures in the many versions of the song that have circulated since the late 19th century.

Stagger Lee
"Stagger Lee" (Roud 4183), also known as "Stagolee" and other variants, is a popular American folk song about the murder of Billy Lyons by "Stag" Lee Shelton, in St. Louis, Missouri, on Christmas 1895. The song was first published in 1911 and first recorded in 1923, by Fred Waring's Pennsylvanians, titled "Stack O' Lee Blues". A version by Lloyd Price reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1959.
Ian Dunlop (filmmaker)
Ian Craig Dunlop OAM (1927–2021) was an Australian documentary filmmaker, known for his ethnographic films about Indigenous Australians. He is particularly known for his early work with the Martu desert people of Western Australia, creating the series People of the Australian Western Desert and a feature film Desert People, and his later work with Yolngu people in Yirrkala, in Arnhem Land, in particular the 22 films making up the Yirrkala Film Project. He also contributed greatly to the preservation and organisation of archival documentary film made in Australia.

Yirrkala
Yirrkala is a small community in East Arnhem Region, Northern Territory, Australia, 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of the large mining town of Nhulunbuy, on the Gove Peninsula in Arnhem Land. It is known for the former mission, established as an Aboriginal reserve after being founded by Methodist missionaries in 1935, and for what became known as the Yirrkala bark petitions. These were a set of petitions submitted by the Aboriginal residents of the mission to the Australian Parliament in 1963 asking for consultation about their land taken for mining. This marked an important moment in the history of Indigenous land rights in Australia and native title in Australia.

Yirrkala's population comprises predominantly Aboriginal Australians of the Yolngu peoples. At the 2021 census, Yirrkala had a population of 657, of whom 79.8% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people.
Miss Grand Udon Thani
Miss Grand Udon Thani (Thai: มิสแกรนด์อุดรธานี) is a Thai provincial beauty pageant which selects a representative from Udon Thani province to the Miss Grand Thailand national competition. It was founded in 2016 by a local organizer Amnat Chaiyabut (อำนาจ ไชยบุศย์).

Udon Thani representatives have yet to win the Miss Grand Thailand title. The highest placement they obtained was in the top 20 finalists, achieved in 2016, 2018, 2020, and 2025.

Miss Grand Loei
Miss Grand Loei (Thai: มิสแกรนด์เลย) is a Thai provincial beauty pageant which selects a representative from Loei province to the Miss Grand Thailand national competition. It was founded in 2016 by a local organizer Amnat Chaiyabut (อำนาจ ไชยบุศย์).

Loei representatives have yet to win the Miss Grand Thailand title. The highest placement they obtained was the third runner-up, won in 2023 by Atcharee Srisuk.
Australia Post
Australia Post, formally the Australian Postal Corporation and also known as AusPost, is an Australian Government-owned corporation that provides postal services throughout Australia. Australia Post's head office is located on Swan Street in Richmond, Victoria.

Australia Post is the successor of the Postmaster-General's Department, which was established at federation in 1901 to formalise colonial postal services. In 1975, the department was abolished and its postal functions were taken over by the Australian Postal Commission. The organisation's current name and structure were adopted in 1989 when it was made into a government-owned corporation.

Postmaster-General's Department
The Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) was a department of the Australian government, established at Federation in 1901, whose responsibilities included the provision of postal and telegraphic services throughout Australia. It was abolished in December 1975 and replaced by the Postal & Telecommunications Department. Two separate legal entities had been established in July 1975 to take over the department's operations: Telecom Australia (that later became Telstra) and Australia Post.
Alp (folklore)
An alp (German: [alp]; plural alpe or alpen) is a supernatural being in German folklore.

Alp is sometimes likened to a vampire, but its behavior is more akin to that of the incubus. It is distinct from both of these creatures in that it wears a magic cloak called a Tarnkappe, from which it draws its powers. The word Alp is the German form of the word that comes into English as elf, both descended from Common Germanic. It is also known by the following names: trud, mar, mart, mahr, schrat, and walrider. Many variations of the creature exist in surrounding European areas, such as the drude or, in the British Isles, the Old Hag, related to now commonly recognized sleep paralysis.

Mare (folklore)
A mare (Old English: mære; Danish, Norwegian: mare; Swedish: mara; Polish: mara, zmora; among many others) is a malicious entity in Germanic and Slavic folklore that sits, walks, or "rides" on people's chests while they sleep, bringing on nightmares. When placed on the victim's chest, it is said to have a suffocating effect, and can lead to cold sweats or sleep paralysis. It is often a female being with magical abilities for haunting its victim, including the ability to shapeshift.
Nicolas Hague
Nicolas Hague (born December 5, 1998) is a Canadian ice hockey player who is a defenceman for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hague was selected 34th overall by the Vegas Golden Knights in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2023.

2023 Stanley Cup Final
The 2023 Stanley Cup Final was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2022–23 season and the culmination of the 2023 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Western Conference champion Vegas Golden Knights defeated the Eastern Conference champion Florida Panthers four games to one in the best-of-seven series to earn their first championship in their sixth season. Vegas had home ice advantage in the series with the better regular season record.

The series began on June 3, and concluded on June 13. This was the first Final series since 2018 in which neither team had previously won the Stanley Cup. For the first time since before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Final ran through the first weeks of June.
Ricky Starks
Richard Starks (born February 21, 1990) is an American professional wrestler. As of February 2025, he is signed to WWE, where he performs on the NXT brand under the ring name Ricky Saints. He is also known for his work with All Elite Wrestling (AEW) from 2020 to 2025.

Starks began his career as Ricky Starks in 2012 and worked on several independent promotions. In 2018, he began to work with National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), where he was the inaugural holder of the revived NWA World Television Championship. In 2020, he left NWA for AEW where he worked until 2025. With AEW, Starks became part of Team Taz, where he won the FTW Championship. After leaving the stable, he won the Owen Hart Cup tournament and the AEW World Tag Team Championship once. He left AEW in 2025 and signed with WWE soon after, being assigned to NXT, where he won the NXT North American Championship and the NXT Championship.

Dax Harwood
David Michael Harwood (born June 30, 1984) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he performs under the ring name Dax Harwood. He is also one-half of the current and record-tying three-time AEW World Tag Team Champions FTR with Cash Wheeler. He also makes appearances in their sister promotion Ring of Honor (ROH), as well as partner promotions Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he and Wheeler have won those promotions' respective tag team championships once each.

Harwood was previously known for his time in WWE, under the ring name Scott Dawson. In WWE he and Wheeler (then known as Dash Wilder) were known as The Revival, and held the Raw (twice), SmackDown and NXT Tag Team Championship (twice), making them the first ever WWE Tag Team Triple Crown winners, and jointly held the WWE 24/7 Championship along with Wheeler.
IrisVision
IrisVision is an expansion card developed by Silicon Graphics for IBM compatible PCs in 1991 and is one of the first 3D accelerator cards available for the high end PC market. IrisVision is an adaptation of the graphics pipeline from the Personal IRIS workstation to the Micro Channel architecture and consumer ISA buses of most modern PCs of the day. It has the first variant of IRIS GL ported to the PC, predating OpenGL.

IRIS GL
IRIS GL (Integrated Raster Imaging System Graphics Library) is a proprietary graphics API created by Silicon Graphics (SGI) in the early 1980s for producing 2D and 3D computer graphics on their IRIX-based IRIS graphical workstations. Later SGI removed their proprietary code, reworked various system calls, and released IRIS GL as the industry standard OpenGL.
Sam (koala)
Sam (2005–2007 – 6 August 2009), also known as Sam the Koala, was a female koala from the forests of Mirboo North, Victoria, Australia. She became publicly known when a video and photographs of her being rescued by a firefighter were distributed on the internet and through the media during the aftermath of the Black Saturday bushfires.

Black Saturday bushfires
The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that either ignited or were already burning across the Australian state of Victoria on Saturday, 7 February 2009, and was one of Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest-ever loss of human life from a bushfire, with 173 fatalities. Many people were left homeless and without families as a result.

As many as 400 individual fires were recorded on Saturday 7 February; the day has become widely referred to in Australia as Black Saturday.

Then Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard described Black Saturday as "a tragedy beyond belief, beyond precedent and beyond words … one of the darkest days in Australia’s peacetime history."

The 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, headed by Justice Bernard Teague, was held in response to the bushfires.
25th Antisubmarine Wing
The 25th Antisubmarine Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  Its last assignment was with the Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command, based in New York City, New York.  It was the principal United States Army Air Forces Unit conducting anti-submarine warfare off the East Coast of the United States and Canada until it was disbanded on 15 October 1943.

In 1985 the wing was reconstituted and redesignated the 525th Combat Crew Training Group, but has never been active with that designation.

Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command
The Army Air Forces Antisubmarine Command was formed in the fall of 1942 to establish a single command to control antisubmarine warfare (ASW) activities of the Army Air Forces (AAF).  It was formed from the resources of I Bomber Command, which had been carrying out the antisubmarine mission in the Atlantic and Caribbean since the Attack on Pearl Harbor due to the lack of long range Naval aviation in that area.

The command's units conducted ASW along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, in the Caribbean Sea and in Europe, where it used bases in England and French Morocco.  Its operations were marked by disagreements between the AAF and the Navy concerning the conduct of air ASW.  In the fall of 1943, the ASW mission was transferred to the Navy and the command became a bomber training unit until it was inactivated in 1946.
U.S. Route 19
U.S. Route 19 or U.S. Highway 19 (US 19) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway in the Eastern United States. Despite encroaching Interstate Highways, the route has remained a long-haul road, connecting the Gulf of Mexico with Lake Erie.

The highway's southern terminus is at Memphis, Florida, which is just south of St. Petersburg at an intersection with US 41. Its northern terminus is in Erie, Pennsylvania, at an intersection with US 20 about two miles (3.2 km) from the shores of Lake Erie.

The length of the highway is 1,438.2 miles (2,314.6 km), including both US 19E/US 19W paths through North Carolina and Tennessee.

U.S. Route 41
U.S. Route 41, also U.S. Highway 41 (US 41), is a major north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs from Miami, Florida, to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Until 1949, the part in southern Florida, from Naples to Miami, was US 94. The highway's southern terminus is in the Brickell neighborhood of Downtown Miami at an intersection with Brickell Avenue (US 1), and its northern terminus is east of Copper Harbor, Michigan, at a modest cul-de-sac near Fort Wilkins Historic State Park at the tip of the Keweenaw Peninsula. US 41 is closely paralleled by Interstate 75 (I-75) from Naples, Florida, all the way through Georgia to Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Espanola basin
The Espanola basin is a structural basin in northern New Mexico.  It is located in the Rio Grande watershed and is part of the Rio Grande rift. The definition of its boundaries is not fully settled, but the basin is usually defined such that it includes the cities of Santa Fe, Los Alamos, and Espanola.

Rio Grande rift
The Rio Grande rift is a north-trending continental rift zone. It separates the Colorado Plateau in the west from the interior of the North American craton on the east. The rift extends from central Colorado in the north to the state of Chihuahua, Mexico, in the south. The rift zone consists of four basins that have an average width of 50 kilometres (31 mi). The rift can be observed on location at Rio Grande National Forest, White Sands National Park, Santa Fe National Forest, and Cibola National Forest, among other locations.

The Rio Grande rift has been an important site for humans for a long time, because it provides a north–south route that follows a major river. The Rio Grande follows the course of the rift from southern Colorado to El Paso, where it turns southeast and flows toward the Gulf of Mexico. Important cities, including Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Taos, Española, Las Cruces, El Paso, and Ciudad Juárez, lie within the rift.