hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
1948 Accra riots
The Accra riots started on 28 February 1948 in Accra, the capital of the then British colony of the Gold Coast (present-day Ghana). A protest march by unarmed ex-servicemen who were agitating for their benefits as veterans of World War II, having fought with the Gold Coast Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force, was broken up by police, leaving three leaders of the group dead. They were Sergeant Nii Adjetey, Corporal Patrick Attipoe and Private Odartey Lamptey, who have since been memorialized in Accra.

The 28 February incident is considered "the straw that broke the camel's back", marking the 
key point in the process of the Gold Coast becoming the first African colony to achieve independence, becoming Ghana on 6 March 1957.

Patrick Attipoe
Corporal Patrick Attipoe (died 28 February 1948) was a Ghanaian ex-serviceman and veteran of World War II. He was one of the three veterans shot dead by Major Imray while on their way to present a petition to Sir Gerald Creasy who was Governor of Gold Coast at the time. The death of these three ex-servicemen led to the 1948 Accra Riots.

A bronze statue in commemoration of Attipoe was unveiled in 2018 in his hometown, Kpota, Anyako, in the Volta Region of Ghana.
Frank Czuri
Frank Czuri (born September 8, 1948) is an American vocalist (tenor), entertainer, songwriter and recording artist who has been performing professionally since the age of 14. He works in all genres, and is best known as the lead singer for two popular Pittsburgh rock groups, The Silencers and Diamond Reo. Since 2013 he has been performing with legendary doo-wop group Jimmy Beaumont & The Skyliners. He also fronts a reunited lineup of the pioneering Pittsburgh rock/R&B band The Igniters, with whom he began his recording career. Czuri has performed on many LPs, CDs, and singles released worldwide.

The Skyliners
The Skyliners are an American doo-wop group from Pittsburgh. The original lineup was: Jimmy Beaumont (lead), Janet Vogel Rapp (soprano), Wally Lester (tenor), Jackie Taylor (bass voice, guitarist), Joe Verscharen (baritone). The Skyliners were best known for their 1959 hit, "Since I Don't Have You".
Hitler's Warriors
Hitler's Warriors (German title: Hitlers Krieger) is a 1998 six-episode series of German historical documentaries first aired on Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, created by Guido Knopp and co-created by Jörg Müllner and Henry Kohler. The series looks at six of the most important senior military officers of Nazi Germany in World War II. Profiling these men, the series explores the questions behind "why it all happened".

The senior officers consist of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, referred to as "the strategist"; Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, referred to as "the defector"; Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, referred to as "the hero of Tobruk"; Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, referred to as "the lackey"; Colonel General Ernst Udet, referred to as "the Devil's general"; and Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, referred to as, "the conspirator".

Guido Knopp
Guido Knopp (born 29 January 1948 in Treysa, Hesse) is a German journalist and author. He is well known in Germany, mainly because he has produced a great number of TV documentaries, predominantly about the "Third Reich" and National Socialism, but also about other topics, such as Stalinism.
Paku Alam VIII
Prince Paku Alam VIII, 8th Duke of Pakualaman (10 April 1910 – 11 September 1998) was Duke of Pakualaman serving as the second Governor of Yogyakarta. He was the son of Paku Alam VII and Gusti Bendara Raden Ayu Retno Poewoso. His child's name was Gusti Raden Mas Harya Sularso Kunto Suratno and his adult name was Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Prabu.

He acceded to the throne of the Duchy of Pakualaman (Kadipaten Pakualaman) on 12 April 1937 with the official name Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Paku Alam VIII. The Pakualaman dates from 1812 and is an enclave within the Yogyakarta Sultanate.

He died in office in 1998 and was buried in the family graveyard at Girigondo.

Paku Alam VIII was a major figure in the independence struggle. His contribution, together with that of Hamengkubuwono IX, led to Yogyakarta gaining status as a Special Region where the Sultan and the Prince serve respectively as governor and vice-governor for life.

Hamengkubuwono IX
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (Hanacaraka: ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ꧇꧙꧇; 12 April 1912 – 2 October 1988), often abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Javanese royal who was the second vice president of Indonesia, the ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, and the first governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Hamengkubuwono IX was also the chairman of the first National Scout Movement Quarter and was known as the Father of the Indonesian Scouts.
Johns Hopkins Children's Center
Johns Hopkins Children's Center (JHCC) is a nationally ranked, pediatric acute care children's teaching hospital located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, adjacent to Johns Hopkins Hospital. The hospital has 196 pediatric beds and is affiliated with the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. The hospital is the flagship pediatric member of Johns Hopkins Medicine and is one of two children's hospitals in the network. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Baltimore and the wider United States. Johns Hopkins Children's Center also sometimes treats adults who require pediatric care. Johns Hopkins Children's Center also features the only ACS verified Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center in the state. The hospital is directly attached to Johns Hopkins Hospital and is situated near the Ronald McDonald House of Maryland.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM) is the medical school of Johns Hopkins University, a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Established in 1893 following the construction of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Hopkins became a model for modern medical education. The school is recognized as a major center of biomedical research and is consistently ranked as one of the top medical schools in the United States.

The School of Medicine is located in Baltimore, where it shares a campus in East Baltimore with the School of Nursing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Johns Hopkins Hospital, the school's primary teaching hospital. As part of the larger Johns Hopkins Medicine health system, the school is also affiliated with numerous regional hospitals and medical centers including the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center, Suburban Hospital in Montgomery County, Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C.
Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light. By incorporating index of refraction in its definition, NA has the property that it is constant for a beam as it goes from one material to another, provided there is no refractive power at the interface (e.g., a flat interface). The exact definition of the term varies slightly between different areas of optics. Numerical aperture is commonly used in microscopy to describe the acceptance cone of an objective (and hence its light-gathering ability and  resolution), and in fiber optics, in which it describes the range of angles within which light that is incident on the fiber will be transmitted along it.

Objective (optics)
In optical engineering, an objective is an optical element that gathers light from an object being observed and focuses the light rays from it to produce a real image of the object. Objectives can be a single lens or mirror, or combinations of several optical elements. They are used in microscopes, binoculars, telescopes, cameras, slide projectors, CD players and many other optical instruments. Objectives are also called object lenses, object glasses, or objective glasses.
Julia Neilson
Julia Emilie Neilson (12 June 1868 – 27 May 1957) was an English actress best known for her numerous performances as Lady Blakeney in The Scarlet Pimpernel, for her roles in many tragedies and historical romances, and for her portrayal of Rosalind in a long-running production of As You Like It.

After establishing her reputation in a series of plays by W. S. Gilbert in 1888, Neilson joined the company of Herbert Beerbohm Tree, where she remained for five years, meeting her future husband, Fred Terry (brother to actresses Kate, Ellen, Marion and Florence Terry and great uncle of John Gielgud). With Terry, she played in London and on tour for nearly three decades. She was the mother of the actress Phyllis Neilson-Terry and actor Dennis Neilson-Terry.

Fred Terry
Fred Terry (9 November 1863 – 17 April 1933) was an English actor and theatrical manager. After establishing his reputation in London and in the provinces for a decade, he joined the company of Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree where he remained for four years, meeting his future wife, Julia Neilson. With Neilson, he played in London and on tour for 27 further years, becoming famous in sword-and-cape roles, such as the title role in The Scarlet Pimpernel.
Alisa Reyes
Alisa Reyes (born February 3, 1981) is an American actress, best known for three seasons that she appeared on Nickelodeon's All That (1994–97) and providing the voice of LaCienega Boulevardez in the Disney Channel's, The Proud Family (2001–05) and its 2022 revival.

The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder
The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder is an American animated sitcom created by Bruce W. Smith and Ralph Farquhar that premiered on Disney+ on February 23, 2022. It is a revival of The Proud Family, which originally aired on Disney Channel from 2001 to 2005. Set in the 2020s, Louder and Prouder retcons the original series as also having taken place in the 2020s (rather than the 2000s, as originally depicted). In addition, Louder and Prouder retcons the events of The Proud Family Movie (2005) to have been a dream.

In April 2022, Disney+ confirmed that the show's second season was in production, which premiered on Disney+ on February 1, 2023. The series made its linear premiere on January 7, 2023, on Disney Channel, and on Disney XD on January 8, 2023. The third season was released on August 6, 2025. In June 2025, it was announced the series had been renewed for a fourth season which will be released in 2026.
Duntze baronets
The Duntze Baronetcy, of Tiverton in the County of Devon, is a dormant title in the Baronetage of Great Britain. It was created on 8 November 1774 for John Duntze, an Exeter wool merchant and Member of Parliament for Tiverton. The family was of German descent. The presumed seventh Baronet never successfully established his claim to the title. Likewise, as of 13 June 2007 the presumed eighth and present Baronet has also not successfully proven his succession and is therefore not on the Official Roll of the Baronetage, with the baronetcy considered dormant since 1985.

John Alexander Duntze, grandson of the first Baronet and great-grandfather of the presumed eighth Baronet, was an Admiral in the Royal Navy.

Sir John Duntze, 1st Baronet
Sir John Duntze, 1st Baronet (c. 1735 – 5 February 1795) was an English merchant, banker and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1768 to 1795.

Duntze was the son of John Duntze merchant of Exeter and his wife Elizabeth Hawker, daughter of James Hawker or Hawkes of Luppitt, Devon. He was  clothier and general merchant at Exeter. He married Frances Lewis, daughter of Samuel Lewis in or before 1765. In 1776 he founded a bank in London with John Halliday and William Mackworth Praed.

Duntze served as Member of Parliament for Tiverton from 1768 until his death in 1795. He was created baronet in 1774.

The family seat was Rockbeare House: Sir John and Lady Duntze are buried at Rockbeare Parish Church, with a memorial in the graveyard.
Inaya Day
Inaya Day (born Inaya Davis, January 17, 1977) is an American singer, best known for her vocal work on house music tracks such as "Horny '98" by Mousse T, and her cover version of "Nasty Girl" by Prince protégées Vanity 6.

Horny '98
"Horny '98" is a house song by Turkish-German producer Mousse T. featuring British pop duo Hot 'n' Juicy with vocals provided by Inaya Day. It was released as a standalone single in May 1998 and reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart the following month, staying on the chart for 17 weeks. The song also reached No. 1 in Italy, No. 2 in New Zealand, and No. 5 in Ireland. It was later included on the South Park soundtrack album Chef Aid: The South Park Album (1998). Two different music videos were produced for the song.

In 2006, a mash-up of the song with "Bohemian Like You" by the Dandy Warhols, titled "Horny as a Dandy", reached No. 17 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 14 in Austria, and No. 10 in Italy.
Majithia family
The Majithia family are a family of Shergill Jat sardars that derive their name from the village of Majitha, in Amritsar District, Punjab. The Majithias were a prominent family in the court of the Sikh Empire, serving as administrators and military generals.

Some members of the family continue to play a role in Indian politics, such as Bikram Singh Majithia, who served as a cabinet minister in the Punjab government.

Bikram Singh Majithia
Bikram Singh Majithia (born 1 March 1975) is an Indian politician and a former cabinet minister in the Punjab Government. He won 2007 Punjab Vidhan Sabha elections from the Majitha constituency, and again won in 2012 and 2017. He belongs to Shiromani Akali Dal and was president of its Youth Wing, Youth Akali Dal.
Mary Pinkett
Mary Pinkett (née Glover) (September 8, 1926 – December 4, 2003) served in the New York City Council from 1974 to 2001, representing the 28th and 35th districts. She was the first black New York City Councilwoman.

New York City's 35th City Council district
New York City's 35th City Council district is one of 51 districts in the New York City Council. It is currently represented by Democrat Crystal Hudson, who took office in 2022. Among the seat's prior occupants include Mary Pinkett, the first Black woman to be elected to the council, and current Attorney General Letitia James.
Salvatore Cancemi
Salvatore Cancemi (Italian pronunciation: [salvaˈtoːre kanˈtʃɛːmi]; 19 March 1942 – 14 January 2011) was an Italian mobster and member of the Sicilian Mafia from Palermo. He is the first member of the Sicilian Mafia Commission who turned himself in voluntarily to become a pentito, a collaborator with the Italian judicial authorities. Cancemi made controversial allegations about the collusion of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and his right-hand man Marcello Dell'Utri with the Mafia.

Pentito
Pentito (Italian pronunciation: [penˈtiːto]; lit. "repentant"; plural: pentiti) is used colloquially to designate collaborators of justice in Italian criminal procedure terminology who were formerly part of criminal organizations and decided to collaborate with a public prosecutor. The judicial category of pentiti was originally created in 1970s to combat violence and terrorism during the period of left-wing and right-wing terrorism known as the Years of Lead. During the 1986–87 Maxi Trial and after the testimony of Tommaso Buscetta, the term was increasingly applied to former members of organized crime in Italy who had abandoned their organization and started helping investigators.
London Buses route SL6
London Buses route SL6, formerly London Buses route X68, is a Transport for London contracted Superloop express bus route in London, England. Running between Russell Square and West Croydon bus station, it is operated by Arriva London.

The route runs on weekdays during peak hours only – towards Russell Square in the morning peak, and towards West Croydon bus station in the evening peak.

Arriva London
Arriva London is a bus operator operating primarily in Greater London and partially in Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent and Surrey. It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Bus and operates services for London Buses under contract to Transport for London. Operations are split between two registered companies, Arriva London North Limited and Arriva London South Limited.
General Electric YF120
The General Electric YF120, internally designated as GE37, was a variable cycle afterburning turbofan engine designed by General Electric Aircraft Engines in the late 1980s and early 1990s for the United States Air Force's Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) program. It was designed to produce maximum thrust in the 35,000 lbf (156 kN) class. Prototype engines were installed in the two competing technology demonstrator aircraft, the Lockheed YF-22 and Northrop YF-23.

Pratt & Whitney's competing F119 was selected over the F120 to power the ATF, the competition for which the Lockheed team won, and became F-22 Raptor.

Variable cycle engine
A variable cycle engine (VCE), also referred to as adaptive cycle engine (ACE), is an aircraft jet engine that is designed to operate efficiently under mixed flight conditions, such as subsonic, transonic and supersonic.

An advanced technology engine is a turbine engine that allows different turbines to spin at different, individually optimum speeds, instead of at one speed for all. It emerged on larger airplanes, before finding other applications.

The next generation of supersonic transport (SST) may require some form of VCE. To reduce aircraft drag at supercruise, SST engines require a high specific thrust (net thrust/airflow) to minimize the powerplant's cross-sectional area. This implies a high jet velocity during supersonic cruise and at take-off, which makes the aircraft noisy.
Hard sign
The letter Ъ ъ (italics Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic script is known as er golyam (ер голям – "big er") in the Bulgarian alphabet, as the hard sign (Russian: твёрдый знак, romanized: tvjordyj znak, pronounced [ˈtvʲɵrdɨj ˈznak], Rusyn: твердый знак, romanized: tverdyj znak) in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets (although in Rusyn, ъ could also be known as ір), as the debelo jer (дебело їер, "fat er") in pre-reform Serbian orthography, and as ayirish belgisi in the Uzbek Cyrillic alphabet. The letter is called back yer or back jer and yor or jor in the pre-reform Russian orthography, in Old Russian, and in Old Church Slavonic.

Originally the yer denoted an ultra-short or reduced mid rounded vowel. It is one of two reduced vowels that are collectively known as the yers in Slavic philology.

Reforms of Russian orthography
Russian orthography has been reformed officially and unofficially by changing the Russian alphabet and spelling rules over the course of the history of the Russian language. Several important reforms happened in the 18th–20th centuries.
Contoocook Railroad Bridge
The Contoocook Railroad Bridge is a covered bridge on the former Contoocook Valley (first Concord & Claremont, later Boston & Maine) Railroad line spanning the Contoocook River in the center of the village of Contoocook, New Hampshire, United States. It is referred to in the National Register of Historic Places as the Hopkinton Railroad Covered Bridge, for the town of Hopkinton, New Hampshire, in which the village of Contoocook is located.

Built in the 19th century, it is the oldest extant covered railroad bridge in the United States and served rail traffic until 1960. It was used as a warehouse until 1989, then became public property, and has been preserved by the state, donations, and volunteers, in association with the nearby historic railroad depot.

Contoocook Railroad Depot
The Contoocook Railroad Depot is located in Hopkinton, New Hampshire, United States, in the village of Contoocook. The depot was completed in 1849 as one of the first substantial railroad passenger stations west of Concord on the Concord and Claremont Railroad. The building is one of the best preserved of a small number of gable-roofed railroad stations surviving from the first decade of rail development in New Hampshire. The station exemplifies the pioneering period of rail development in the state.

It is one of the earliest and least altered depots of the 1850 period in New Hampshire. Displaying the Greek Revival style, with modifications that proclaim its identity as a new building type, the depot is an important artifact in the history and evolution of railroad architecture in New Hampshire.
Culpeper County, Virginia
Culpeper County is a United States county located in the north-central part of the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is included in the Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA Combined Statistical Area, and its population was 52,552 as of the 2020 census. Its county seat is the town of Culpeper.

Culpeper County was created in 1749, and its first county surveyor was a young George Washington.  The county and its residents played notable roles in America's early wars, including raising the Culpeper Minutemen, a militia that fought in both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War.

Rappahannock County, Virginia
Rappahannock County is a county located in the northern Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia, US, adjacent to Shenandoah National Park. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 7,348. Its county seat and only incorporated town, is Washington. The name "Rappahannock" comes from the Algonquian word lappihanne (also noted as toppehannock), meaning "river of quick, rising water" or "where the tide ebbs and flows." The county is included in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Scattering (album)
The Scattering is the second studio album by the English new wave rock band Cutting Crew. It was released on 16 May 1989 in Canada and the USA on Virgin Records, and on 7 August 1989 in the United Kingdom on Siren Records. Despite including the US Adult Contemporary chart hit "Everything But My Pride", it met with little commercial or critical success.

Broadcast (Cutting Crew album)
Broadcast is the debut studio album by the English rock band Cutting Crew. It was first released in the United Kingdom in November 1986, and was later released more widely, including in the United States, Canada and Japan in March 1987 with different packaging and four remixed tracks ("Any Colour", "One for the Mockingbird", "I've Been in Love Before" and "(I Just) Died in Your Arms"), all of which were released as singles. It was the first album to be released in the US by Virgin Records' new American imprint, Virgin Records America.

Broadcast was re-released by Cherry Red Records on 24 May 2010, with bonus tracks including for the first time on CD "For the Longest Time", the B-side of "(I Just) Died in Your Arms".