hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Edible Schoolyard
The Edible Schoolyard (ESY) is a 1-acre (4,000 m2) garden and kitchen program at the Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School, a public middle school in Berkeley, California. It was established in 1995 by chef and author Alice Waters. It is supported by the Edible Schoolyard Project, a non-profit organization founded by Waters that same year.

At the Edible Schoolyard, students participate in planting, harvesting, and preparing fresh food as part of their curriculum. These activities are designed to reinforce classroom instruction in subjects such as mathematics, science, culture, and history. They are also designed to try and help students make connections among food, health, and the environment.

Alice Waters
Alice Louise Waters (born April 28, 1944) is an American chef, restaurateur, food writer, and author. In 1971, she opened Chez Panisse, a restaurant in Berkeley, California, famous for its role in creating the farm-to-table movement and for pioneering California cuisine.

Waters has authored the books Chez Panisse Cooking (with Paul Bertolli), The Art of Simple Food I and II, and 40 Years of Chez Panisse. Her memoir, Coming to my Senses: The Making of a Counterculture Cook, was published in September 2017 and released in paperback in May 2018.

Waters created the Chez Panisse Foundation in 1996 and the Edible Schoolyard program at the Martin Luther King Middle School in Berkeley. She is a national public policy advocate for universal access to healthy, organic foods. Her influence in the fields of organic foods and nutrition inspired Michelle Obama's White House organic vegetable garden program.
Melco Resorts & Entertainment
Melco Resorts & Entertainment Limited is a developer, owner and operator of integrated resorts with entertainment and casino gaming facilities in Asia and Europe. Based in Hong Kong, the company is listed on the NASDAQ. Originally known as Melco Crown Entertainment (Melco Crown or MPEL), Melco Resorts was founded in 2004 as a joint venture between Melco International and Crown Limited. Melco Crown became Melco Resorts & Entertainment in May 2017 and currently operates as a subsidiary of Melco International. Melco Resorts owns and operates a number of integrated resorts, having launched Altira Macau in 2007, City of Dreams Macau in 2009, City of Dreams Manila in 2015, Studio City Macau in 2015, City of Dreams Mediterranean, the largest integrated resort in Europe in 2023 and City of Dreams Sri Lanka in 2025. Furthermore, the company also operates the Mocha Clubs slot machine brand.

City of Dreams (casino)
City of Dreams (Chinese: 新濠天地) is a casino resort in Cotai, Macau. Built, owned and managed by Melco Resorts & Entertainment, the resort, also known as CoD or CoD Macau, opened on 1 June 2009. Described as a "mega-casino" by The Guardian, in 2020 City of Dreams was the third-largest casino in the world. In total the property comprises three separate casinos, four hotels, around 2,270 total hotel rooms, around 30 restaurants and bars, and 175,000 square feet (16,300 m2) of retail space.
CHFS
CHFS is a file system developed at the Department of Software Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary. It was the first open source flash memory-specific file system written for the NetBSD operating system.  Intended usage is over raw flash devices on embedded systems like ARM and MIPS, the filesystem is less suitable for use on consumer SSD (because consumer SSDs already make sure to not use the same physical blocks for writing modified data).

NetBSD
NetBSD is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). It was the first open-source BSD descendant officially released after 386BSD was forked. It continues to be actively developed and is available for many platforms, including servers, desktops, handheld devices, and embedded systems.

The NetBSD project focuses on code clarity, careful design, and portability across many computer architectures. Its source code is publicly available and permissively licensed.
Disposable cup
A disposable cup is a type of tableware and disposable food packaging. Disposable cup types include paper cups, plastic cups, and foam cups. Expanded polystyrene is used to manufacture foam cups, and polypropylene is used to manufacture plastic cups.

As they are produced for single use, disposable cups and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer and household waste, such as paper waste and plastic waste. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.

108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year, and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.

Disposable food packaging
Disposable food packaging comprises disposable products often found in fast-food restaurants, take-out restaurants and catering establishments. Typical products are foam food containers, plates, bowls, cups, utensils, doilies and tray papers. These products can be made from a number of materials including plastics, paper, bioresins, wood and bamboo.

Packaging of fast food and take-out food involves a significant amount of material that ends up in landfill, recycling, composting or litter.
Al-Baghawi
Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥusayn ibn Masʻūd ibn Muḥammad al-Farrā' al-Baghawī (Persian/Arabic:ابو محمد حسین بن مسعود بغوی), also known as al-Baghawī (Arabic: البغوي) was a Persian Sunni Muslim scholar based in Khorasan. He was a prominent Quran exegete (mufassir), traditionist (muhaddith), and Shafi'i jurist (faqih). He best known for his two major works, Maʻālim at-Tanzīl and Masabih as-Sunnah.

Al-Baghawi was known by several titles and was referred to as the "Supporter of the Religion" (Dhahīr al-Dīn) by Ibn Khallikān, who describes him as an ocean in the religious sciences. Al-Baghawī was dubbed the "Reviver of the Sunna" (Muḥyī as-Sunna) because he supposedly dreamed of the Islamic prophet telling him, “You revived my Sunna through your commentary on my ḥadīths” and this was due to compiling his work Sharḥ al-Sunna. He is also known as the "Pillar of the Religion" (Rukn al-Dīn).

Tafsir al-Baghawi
Tafsīr al-Baghawī (Arabic: تفسير البغوي), also known as Ma‘ālim al-Tanzīl, is a classical Sunni tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis) by Husayn b. Mas'ūd al-Baghawī (d. 1122), written as an abridgement of Tafsir al-Thalabi by al-Tha'labī (d. 1035). It is generally classified as one of the books of narration-based tafsir, as it collects and presents many statements from the Sahabah and Tabi'oon. The book primarily relies on 11 reliable chains of narrations, which al-Baghawi mentions in the introduction to his work. It currently exists in four volumes and eight volumes in its Lebanon edition and Cairo edition respectively.
Lilla Hoparegränd
Lilla Hoparegränd is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.  Passing between Skeppsbron and Österlånggatan it forms a parallel street to Ferkens Gränd, Gaffelgränd, Pelikansgränd and Johannesgränd.

The street appears in historical records as Wargzfrenden in 1550, Warge Grenden in 1646, Vargsgränden during the 16th-17th centuries and finally as Lilla Hopare gr. in 1771.  Why the alley was originally called Varggränd ("Wolf Alley") is not known, however, Varg is still a common proper name in Sweden and might refer to an individual associated with the alley. The present name refers to a Michel Hoper or Hopare.  Hoper is of Dutch or Frisian origin and means hooper (e.g. maker of barrels).

Gaffelgränd
Gaffelgränd  is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden, connecting Skeppsbron to Lilla Hoparegränd and Pelikansgränd, both of which are leading to Österlånggatan. It is a parallel street to Ferkens Gränd, Lilla Hoparegränd, Pelikansgränd, and Johannesgränd.
Umar Bologi II
Umar Bologi (born 8 February 1982) is the 7th Etsu Pategi, traditional ruler of Pategi Emirate succeeded late Etsu Alhaji Ibrahim Umaru Chatta and was appointed in April, 2019 by Governor Abdulfatah Ahmed.

Pategi
Pategi or PatigiListenⓘ is a town and local government in Kwara State, Nigeria with the headquarters located at the town. The town is the headquarters of Pategi Emirate. It is inhabited by the Nupe people who speak the Nupe language. They are farmers, aquatic sellers/fishers and traders. They are known to be governed by a monarch.

Currently, a new Monarch, in the person of Umar Bologi II, was appointed, by the Government of the State, who happened to be a custom officer in before his appointment to the Office as the leader of Etsu Community.
Gordon Campbell (rugby league)
Gordon Campbell was a rugby league player who represented New Zealand in 2 tests in 1932 against England. Campbell played in the position of hooker. In the process he became the 223rd player to represent New Zealand.

Neville St George
Robert Neville St George (2 July 1897 – 27 October 1980) was a rugby league footballer. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 2 test matches in 1925. In the process he became the 178th player to represent New Zealand. He also represented the North Island and Auckland representative side. St George played his club rugby league in Auckland for the Marist Old Boys side initially before moving to Devonport United (North Shore Albions) where he spent most of his career.
Moscow City Duma District 20
Moscow City Duma District 20 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently the district covers outer parts of South-Eastern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by Communist Leonid Zyuganov, a three-term member, who was redistricted from District 21.

Moscow City Duma District 21
Moscow City Duma District 21 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. Currently, the district covers most of Maryino in South-Eastern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by Senator Inna Svyatenko, a United Russia six-term member, who was redistricted from District 22.
Mainé-Soroa Department
Mainé-Soroa is a department of the Diffa Region in Niger. Its capital lies at the city of Mainé-Soroa.

The department's population is  largely made up of ethnic Kanouris and Fula, both cultures with longstanding pastoral semi-nomadic traditions. As of 2012, the department had a total population of 131,664 people.

Mainé-Soroa
Mainé-Soroa (Maine-Soroa, Maïné-Soroa) is a town in southeastern Niger, the capital of the Mainé-Soroa Department, and is in turn part of Diffa Region. The town's population was 78,735 at the 2012 census.
Macy's Great Tree
The Macy's Great Tree (previously the Rich's Great Tree and briefly the Great Tree at Macy's) was a large 70–90-foot (21–27 m) tall cut pine Christmas tree displayed by Rich's (and later Macy's) that was an Atlanta tradition since its start in 1948. The last time the tree was put up was in 2022.

In 2013, the tree was replaced by a much smaller artificial one in the parking lot, which was then moved back to the roof for 2014.

Rich's (department store)
Rich's was an American department store chain founded in 1867 by Mauritius Reich. It operated in the southern United States, and was headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, until it was dissolved in favor of the Macy's brand in 2005.
Mrs. Doubtfire (musical)
Mrs. Doubtfire is a musical based on the 1993 film Mrs. Doubtfire, which in turn is based on the 1987 novel Madame Doubtfire by Anne Fine, with music and lyrics by Karey and Wayne Kirkpatrick and a book by Karey Kirkpatrick and John O'Farrell. As with the film, the musical is set in the city of San Francisco, California. However, the timeframe has been updated to the 21st century. The stage musical has references to both technology and pop culture that did not exist in 1993 when the film was released.

Karey Kirkpatrick
Karey Kirkpatrick (born December 14, 1964) is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer. His films include  Chicken Run franchise, The Rescuers Down Under, James and the Giant Peach, Over the Hedge, The Spiderwick Chronicles, Charlotte's Web, and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. He has also directed the films, Over the Hedge, Imagine That starring Eddie Murphy and Smallfoot. Kirkpatrick wrote the English-language screenplays for the American releases of the Studio Ghibli films The Secret World of Arrietty in 2012 and From Up on Poppy Hill in 2013.

His older brother is American songwriter and musician Wayne Kirkpatrick, with whom he wrote the 2015 musical Something Rotten! as well as the 2020 musical  Mrs. Doubtfire.
Duje (song)
"Duje" (Albanian pronunciation: [ˈdujɛ]; transl. "Love it") is a song by Kosovar singer Albina Kelmendi and five members of her family. Composed by Enis Mullaj with lyrics written by Eriona Rushiti, it is an Albanian-language pop song that tells the tale of a family's struggle to stay united through a difficult time. The song was released as a single on Spotify on 29 December 2022 and on Apple Music on 20 March 2023.

The artists competed with "Duje" in the 61st edition of Festivali i Këngës and won the televote of the competition, which resulted in them representing Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023. A revamped version of the song was released as a single for streaming and digital download on 10 March 2023, accompanied by a music video.

Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
Albania was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023 with the song "Duje" performed by Albina and Familja Kelmendi. Its entry was selected through a dedicated televoting process during the national selection competition Festivali i Këngës organised by Radio Televizioni Shqiptar (RTSH) in December 2022. Up until point, the nation had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 18 times since its debut in 2004.

Assigned to the second semi-final on 11 May 2023, Albania placed 9th with a total of 83 points and qualified for the final. At the conclusion of the final on 13 May, the nation placed 22nd with a total of 76 points. This was the 11th occasion that Albania qualified for the final out of the 19 times it had participated in Eurovision.
Kalkaska County, Michigan
Kalkaska County (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, its population was 17,939. The county seat is Kalkaska.

Kalkaska County is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area. Although it is located in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of Northern Michigan.

Kalkaska, Michigan
Kalkaska (/kælˈkæskə/ kal-KASS-kə) is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of and only incorporated municipality in Kalkaska County. Its population was 2,132 at the 2020 census, an increase from 2,020 at the 2010 census.

Kalkaska is part of the Traverse City metropolitan area. The village has hosted the National Trout Festival since 1935.
The Jacksons: Next Generation
The Jacksons: Next Generation is an American reality television series which stars members of the group 3T, and other members of the Jackson family. It aired on Lifetime between October 2, and November 6, 2015.

3T
3T is an American R&B/pop music trio featuring the three sons of Tito Jackson (from the Jackson 5) and Delores "Dee Dee" Jackson, from whom they inherit their Dominican ancestry. The band members include, from eldest, Tariano Adaryll Jackson II ("Taj") (born August 4, 1973), Taryll Adren Jackson (born August 8, 1975) and Tito Joe Jackson ("TJ") (born July 16, 1978). Their late uncle Michael Jackson mentored the trio, and signed them to his label MJJ Music.
Dai Davies (politician)
David Clifford Davies (born 26 November 1959), commonly known as Dai Davies, is a Welsh politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Blaenau Gwent constituency in South Wales from 2006 to 2010, representing the Blaenau Gwent People's Voice Group. He was elected at a by-election in June 2006 following the death of independent MP Peter Law, but lost his seat at the 2010 general election to Labour's Nick Smith by 10,516 votes.

Nick Smith (British politician)
Nicholas Desmond John Smith (born 14 January 1960) is a Welsh politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for Blaenau Gwent and Rhymney, previously Blaenau Gwent, since 2010. A member of the Labour Party, he served as a Member of Camden Council from 1998 to 2006.
Shanghai-style salad
Shanghai-style salad (Chinese: 上海色拉; pinyin: shàng hǎi sè lā; Wade–Giles: shang4-hai3-se4-la1) is a traditional appetizer in Haipai cuisine. Generally considered a localized dish derived from the Olivier salad, it originated from Western cuisine but was modified according to the customary taste of Shanghai people.

Olivier salad
Olivier salad (Russian: салат Оливье, romanized: salat Olivye, pronunciationⓘ), also known as Russian salad or Stolichny salad, is a traditional salad dish in Russian cuisine. Its creation is generally attributed to Lucien Olivier.

It is popular in the post-Soviet and other Eastern Bloc states around the world. In different modern recipes, it is usually made with diced boiled potatoes, carrots and brined dill pickles (or cucumber), together with optional eggs, vegetable or fruit ingredients such as green peas, celeriac, onions and apples, optional meat ingredients such as diced boiled chicken, cured sausage, ham, or hot dogs, with salt, pepper and mustard sometimes added to enhance flavor, and dressed with mayonnaise.

In Russia and other post-Soviet states, as well as in Russophone communities worldwide, the salad has become one of the main dishes on zakuski tables served during New Year's Eve (Novy God) celebrations. In Poland, it is commonly served at Christmas and Easter.
Hui Ruoqi
Hui Ruoqi (Chinese: 惠若琪; born 4 March 1991) is a Chinese former volleyball player. She was an outside hitter and the fifteenth captain of China women's national volleyball team, and played for Jiangsu. She retired in 2018.

Jiangsu women's volleyball team
Jiangsu Zenith Steel Women's Volleyball Club is a Nanjing-based professional women's volleyball team plays in the Chinese Volleyball League (CVL), and now is sponsored by Zenith Steel Group.

As the provincial team it represents Jiangsu at national competitions. The team has won the Chinese League champions twice, at Seasons 2016/17 and 2024/25.
Cāng zhú
Cāng zhú (苍术 or 蒼术 or 蒼朮), also known as black atractylodes rhizome or Rhizoma atractylodes, is used as a Chinese herbal medicine. It is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., synonyms Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz, and Atractylodes japonica Koidz.

Its purported medicinal effect is distinguished from bái zhú (白术 or 白朮, white atractylodes rhizome from Atractylodes macrocephala), which is typically cultivated, whereas cāng zhú more often tends to be collected from the wild.  It is believed that the distinction between cāng zhú and bái zhú emerged in relatively modern times; a single compound "zhú" described in the Shen nong ben cao jing probably included many Atractylodes species.

Atractylodes lancea
Atractylodes lancea (syns. Atractylodes chinensis, Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes ovata; Japanese: オケラ, romanized: okera, Eastern ukera, ukira) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Vietnam, most of China, Korea, the southern Russian Far East, and Japan. It is the source of cāng zhú (蒼朮), a Chinese herbal medicine sold to people suffering from a variety of ailments.
Kemp Mill, Maryland
Kemp Mill is a census-designated place and an unincorporated census area in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is known for its creekside walkways, calm suburban atmosphere, Brookside Gardens, and numerous hiking trails. Home to the largest Orthodox Jewish community on the East Coast between Baltimore and Miami, it hosts more than half a dozen synagogues within its boundaries. It is  commonly referred to by American Jews as a "shtetl". The population was 13,378 at the 2020 census.

Kemp Mill census area consists of multiple subdivisions, including Kemp Mill Estates, Kemp Mill Farms, Kemp Mill Forest, and  Springbrook Forest. The community also includes University Towers, with 523 condominium units, and the Warwick, with 393 rental units. The neighborhood has over 1,693 houses.

Yeshiva of Greater Washington
The Yeshiva of Greater Washington (Tiferes Gedaliah) (YGW) is a litvishe Yeshiva located in Kemp Mill, Maryland. It was founded in 1964 by Rabbi Gedaliah Anemer. It consists of a Kollel (Zichron Amram), a Yeshiva Gedolah (that offers a Bachelor's in Talmudic Law degree through its fully accredited college program as Yeshiva College of the Nation's Capital), and separate high schools for boys and girls. The Rosh Yeshiva is Rav Aaron Lopiansky.
Agricultural landscape of southern Öland
The agricultural landscape of southern Öland (Swedish: södra Ölands odlingslandskap) is an area of more than 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) located on the island of Öland, Sweden. It includes Stora alvaret (great alvar), a limestone plateau of around half that surface. Stora alvaret is a dagger-shaped area almost 40 km (25 mi) long and about 10 km (6.2 mi) at its widest north end. This limestone plain, around a quarter of the surface of the island, is the most extended of its kind in Europe. As a result of the thin layer of soil and high pH levels, it presents a wide range of plants, including many rare species.

The agricultural landscape of southern Öland was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000, for the extraordinary biodiversity in this place, and its prehistory as well as the way how man has adapted to the natural conditions.

Stora Alvaret
Stora Alvaret (Swedish: [ˈstûːra ˈâlːvarɛt]; "the Great Alvar") is an alvar, a barren limestone terrace, in the southern half of the island of Öland, Sweden. Stora Alvaret is a dagger shaped expanse almost 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and about 10 kilometres (6 mi) at the widest north end.  The area of this formation exceeds 260 square kilometres (100 sq mi), making it the largest such expanse in Europe and comprising over one fourth of the land area of the island.

Because of the thin soil mantle and high pH levels, a great assortment of vegetation is found including numerous rare species.  Stora Alvaret is not devoid of trees, contrary to a common misconception; in fact, it holds a variety of sparse stunted trees akin to a pygmy forest.

Stora Alvaret falls within UNESCO's Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland, 56,323 hectares (217.46 sq mi), which was designated World Heritage Site due to its extraordinary prehistory.
Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs
Elementary Number Theory, Group Theory and Ramanujan Graphs is a book in mathematics whose goal is to make the construction of Ramanujan graphs accessible to undergraduate-level mathematics students. In order to do so, it covers several other significant topics in graph theory, number theory, and group theory. It was written by Giuliana Davidoff, Peter Sarnak, and Alain Valette, and published in 2003 by the Cambridge University Press, as volume 55 of the London Mathematical Society Student Texts book series.

Ramanujan graph
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory, a Ramanujan graph is a regular graph whose spectral gap is almost as large as possible (see extremal graph theory). Such graphs are excellent spectral expanders. As Murty's survey paper notes, Ramanujan graphs "fuse diverse branches of pure mathematics, namely, number theory, representation theory, and algebraic geometry". 
These graphs are indirectly named after Srinivasa Ramanujan; their name comes from the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture, which was used in a construction of some of these graphs.