hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Investigation Bureau for Railway, Funicular and Boat Accidents
The Investigation Bureau for Railway, Funicular and Boat Accidents (IRFBA; German: Unfalluntersuchungsstelle für Bahnen und Schiffe, UUS; French: Service d'enquête sur les accidents des transports publics, SEA; Italian: Servizio d’inchiesta sugli infortuni dei trasporti pubblici, SII) was an agency of the government of Switzerland. In 2011, it was replaced by the Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board.

Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board
The Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board (STSB, German: Schweizerische Sicherheitsuntersuchungsstelle; French: Service suisse d'enquête de securité; Italian: Servizio d'inchiesta svizzero sulla sicurezza) is a government agency of Switzerland.
It investigates civil aviation accidents and incidents and cableway, roadway, waterway, and railway accidents. The head office is in Bern.
The aviation division is based at Payerne Airport in Payerne and the rail/navigation division is based in Bern.
Classic of Poetry
The Classic of Poetry, also Shijing or Shih-ching, translated variously as the Book of Songs, Book of Odes, or simply known as the Odes or Poetry (詩; Shī), is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC. It is one of the "Five Classics" traditionally said to have been edited by Confucius, and has been studied and memorized by scholars in China and neighboring countries over two millennia. It is also a rich source of chengyu (four-character classical idioms) that are still a part of learned discourse and even everyday language in modern Chinese. Since the Qing dynasty, its rhyme patterns have also been analysed in the study of Old Chinese phonology.

Four Books and Five Classics
The Four Books and Five Classics are authoritative and important books associated with Confucianism, written before 300 BC.  They are traditionally believed to have been either written, edited or commented by Confucius or one of his disciples. Starting in the Han dynasty, they became the core of the Chinese classics on which students were tested in the Imperial examination system.
Morden
Morden is a district and town in South London, England, now within the London Borough of Merton, in the ceremonial county of Greater London. It adjoins Merton Park and Wimbledon to the north, Mitcham to the east, Sutton to the south and Worcester Park to the west, and is around 8 miles (13 km) south-southwest of Charing Cross. Prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965, for local government purposes, Morden was in the administrative and historic county of Surrey.

At the 2011 census, Morden had a population of 48,233, including the wards of Cannon Hill, Lower Morden, Merton Park, Ravensbury and St Helier.

The district of Morden includes the town itself, Lower Morden, Morden Park, Cannon Hill, Merton Park and parts of St Helier.

Morden Hall Park, a National Trust park on the banks of the River Wandle adjacent to the town centre, is a key feature of the area. The Baitul Futuh Mosque, completed in 2003, is the largest mosque in Western Europe.

St Helier, London
St Helier (/ˈhɛliər/) is a residential housing estate in the London boroughs of Merton and Sutton. The portion of the estate north of Green Lane and Bishopsford Road is in the borough of Merton in the town of Morden, the remainder is in the borough of Sutton in the towns of Sutton and Carshalton.
Corps of Guides (India)
The Corps of Guides was a regiment of the British Indian Army made up of British and Indian officers, plus Indian cavalry sowars and infantry sepoys, primarily intended for service on the North West Frontier.

As originally raised in 1846, The Corps of Guides consisted of both infantry and cavalry. It evolved through the 20th century to become the Guides Cavalry and Guides Infantry.
The Guides were transferred to Pakistan at Independence and became part of the new Pakistan Army. Since 1947 all ranks, including officers, are recruited solely from Pakistan.

The modern regiment exists as 2nd Battalion (The Guides) of the Frontier Force Regiment of the Pakistan Army.

Guides Cavalry
The Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force) is an armoured regiment of the Pakistan Army which was raised in 1846 as The Corps of Guides. During more than a hundred and fifty years of military service, the regiment has earned the reputation of one of the most renowned military units in the world.
Blackstrap Provincial Park
Blackstrap Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in the RM of Dundurn No. 314. Prior to the park's establishment in 1986, it was a provincial recreation site. The park runs along the eastern shore of Blackstrap Lake and consists of a conservation area, campground, beaches, Mount Blackstrap, cross country ski trails, biking and hiking trails, and several picnicking areas. It is about 8.5 kilometres (5.3 mi) east of the town of Dundurn and accessed via Highway 211. Mount Blackstrap is a man-made mountain built as a ski hill for the 1971 Canada Winter Games. It continued to operate as a ski hill until 2007.

Rural Municipality of Dundurn No. 314
The Rural Municipality of Dundurn No. 314 (2016 population: 2,404) is a rural municipality (RM) in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within Census Division No. 11 and SARM Division No. 5. It is located in the north-central portion of the province along the South Saskatchewan River and surrounds the Town of Dundurn.
Rhine Delta (Lake Constance)
The Rhine Delta of Lake Constance is the river delta on the south-eastern shore of Lake Constance, which the Rhine (also called Alpine Rhine (Alpenrhein)) has formed in a former sea area. It lies mostly in the Austrian province of Vorarlberg, smaller areas are in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. The two peninsulas in the lake are called Rheinspitz (west) and Rohrspitz (east).

Alpine Rhine
The Alpine Rhine (German: Alpenrhein, pronounced [ˈalpn̩ˌʁaɪn] ⓘ) is the section of the river Rhine from its source in the Swiss Alps to Lake Constance. It begins in the centre of the Swiss canton of Grisons (Kanton Graubünden), and later forms the border between Switzerland to the west and Liechtenstein to the east, and later between Switzerland and Austria. It flows through the Alpine Rhine Valley.

There is no shipping on the Alpine Rhine.
Tennessee State Route 351
State Route 351 (SR 351) is a state highway in Greene County, Tennessee. It begins at State Routes 70 and 107 in southern Greene County and ends at State Route 93 in northern Greene County. It forms a half loop around Greeneville and Tusculum.

Tennessee State Route 107
State Route 107 (SR 107) is a 78.77-mile (126.77 km) state highway in eastern Tennessee, United States. It begins at an intersection with Round Mountain Road south of Del Rio and ends at the North Carolina state line east of Unicoi, where it becomes NC 226.

It travels through the incorporated municipalities of Greeneville, Tusculum, Erwin and Unicoi, and the communities of Del Rio, South Greene, Horse Creek, South Central, Lamar, Embreeville and Limestone Cove.
Dream pop
Dream pop is a subgenre of alternative rock and neo-psychedelia that emphasizes atmosphere and sonic texture as strongly as it does pop melody. Common characteristics include breathy vocals, dense productions, and effects such as reverb, echo, tremolo, and chorus. It often overlaps with the related genre of shoegaze, and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably.

Dream pop came into prominence in the 1980s through groups associated with the UK label 4AD, most prominently Cocteau Twins and This Mortal Coil, and later A.R. Kane, who are credited with coining the term. During the late 1980s to early 1990s, the genre saw further proliferation through UK-based artists such as My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, and Lush alongside US-based acts Galaxie 500, Julee Cruise, and Mazzy Star. By the late 2000s, the sound saw renewed popularity among millennial listeners through bands such as Beach House.

Neo-psychedelia
Neo-psychedelia (or simply neo-psych) is a genre of psychedelic music that draws inspiration from the music production approaches and songwriting of 1960s psychedelia, either exploring emulations of the sounds of the era or applying its ethos to new styles of music. It has occasionally seen mainstream pop success but is typically explored within alternative music, indie music and underground scenes.

Neo-psychedelia first developed in the late-1970s as an outgrowth of the British post-punk scene. In the United Kingdom, the "psychedelic revival" was referred to as "the New Psychedelia" or "acid punk". A neo-psychedelic wave of British alternative rock in the 1980s spawned the subgenres of dream pop and shoegaze. Mainstream artists like Prince and Lenny Kravitz explored the style in the 1980s and 1990s.
Orient Steam Navigation Company
The Orient Steam Navigation Company, also known as the Orient Line, was a British shipping company with roots going back to the late 18th century. From the early 20th century onwards, an association began with P&O which became 51% shareholder in 1919 and culminated in the Orient Line being totally absorbed into that company in 1966.

P&O
P&O (in full,  The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company) was a British shipping and logistics company dating from the early 19th century. Formerly a public company, it was sold to DP World in March 2006 for £3.9 billion. DP World currently operates several P&O branded businesses, P&O Ferries, Istithmar P&O Estates, and P&O Maritime Logistics. It also operates P&O Heritage, which is the official historic archive and collection of P&O.

P&O Cruises was sold in 2000, and is now owned and operated by Carnival Corporation & plc, although the trademark for "P&O Cruises" is still held by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and used under licence. The former shipping business, P&O Nedlloyd, was bought by and is now part of Maersk Line.
2nd Portuguese India Armada (Cabral, 1500)
The Second Portuguese India Armada was assembled in 1500 on the order of King Manuel I of Portugal and placed under the command of Pedro Álvares Cabral.  Cabral's armada famously discovered Brazil for the Portuguese crown along the way. By and large, the Second Armada's diplomatic mission to India failed, and provoked the opening of hostilities between the Kingdom of Portugal and the feudal city-state of Calicut.  Nonetheless, it managed to establish a factory in the nearby Kingdom of Cochin, the first Portuguese factory in Asia.

Portuguese India Armadas
The Portuguese Indian Armadas (Portuguese: Armadas da Índia; meaning "Armadas of India") were the fleets of ships funded by the Crown of Portugal, and dispatched on an annual basis from Portugal to India. The principal destination was Goa, and previously Cochin. These armadas undertook the Carreira da Índia ('India Run') from Portugal, following the maritime discovery of the Cape route, to the Indian subcontinent by Vasco da Gama in 1497–99.

The annual Portuguese India armada was the main carrier of the spice trade between Europe and Asia during the 16th Century. The Portuguese monopoly on the Cape route was maintained for a century, until it was breached by Dutch and English competition in the early 1600s. The Portuguese India armadas declined in importance thereafter. During the Dutch occupation of Cochin and the Dutch siege of Goa, the harbour of Bom Bahia, now known as Mumbai (Bombay), off the coast of the northern Konkan region, served as the standard diversion for the armadas.
The Predators (Japanese band)
The Predators (typeset as THE PREDATORS) is a Japanese rock supergroup formed in 2005 by vocalist and guitarist Sawao Yamanaka (The Pillows), bassist Yoshihito "Jiro" Wayama (Glay), and drummer Shinpei Nakayama (Straightener). In 2010, Nakayama left and was replaced by Hirotaka Takahashi (Ellegarden). Originally on their own record label Three Mountain, name chosen because all three original members have the word "yama" (mountain) in their last name, they were then on Avex Trax from 2008 until 2015, when they switched to Yamanaka's own Delicious Label. The Predators have sporadic periods of activity due to its members' commitments to their main bands.

The Pillows
The Pillows (Japanese: ザ・ピロウズ, Hepburn: Za Pirōzu) were a Japanese alternative rock band formed in Hokkaido in 1989. They are best known for providing the soundtrack for the anime series FLCL. They disbanded in 2025.
Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.

Silver halide
A silver halide (or silver salt) is one of the chemical compounds that can form between the element silver (Ag) and one of the halogens. In particular, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), iodine (I) and fluorine (F) may each combine with silver to produce silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl), silver iodide (AgI), and four forms of silver fluoride, respectively.

As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX. Although most silver halides involve silver atoms with oxidation states of +1 (Ag+), silver halides in which the silver atoms have oxidation states of +2 (Ag2+) are known, of which silver(II) fluoride is the only known stable one.

Silver halides are light-sensitive chemicals, and are commonly used in photographic film and paper.
Margaret Paleologa
Margaret Palaeologa (Italian: Margherita Paleologa; 11 August 1510 – 28 December 1566), was the marchioness of Montferrat in her own right between 1533 and 1536. She was also Duchess of Mantua by marriage to Federico II, Duke of Mantua. Margaret acted as the regent of the duchy of Mantua twice during the minority of her sons: for her elder son Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua in 1540–1549, and for her younger son Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, between 1550 and 1556.

Francesco III Gonzaga
Francesco III Gonzaga (10 March 1533 – 22 February 1550) was Duke of Mantua and Marquess of Montferrat from 1540 until his death. He was the eldest son of Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and his wife Margaret Paleologina.
Bostitch
Stanley Bostitch, previously and more commonly known as simply Bostitch, is an American company that specializes in the design and manufacture of fastening tools (such as staplers, staple guns, nailers, riveters, and glue guns) and fasteners (such as nails, screws, and staples). Its product range covers home, office, like the pencil sharpener, construction and industrial uses, like the power tool.

The company developed a number of improvements to what became the modern desk stapler. It is a subsidiary of Stanley Black & Decker. In August 2013, Stanley Black & Decker began selling tradesmen’s power tools and mechanics’ hand tools and pneumatic tools under the Bostitch brand at Walmart stores and online distributors.

Stanley Black & Decker
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., formerly known as The Stanley Works, is an American manufacturer of industrial tools and household hardware, and a provider of security products. Headquartered in the Greater Hartford city of New Britain, Connecticut, Stanley Black & Decker is the result of the merger of The Stanley Works and Black & Decker on March 12, 2010.
Durham Regiment
The Durham Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with the Northumberland Regiment to form the Midland Regiment (which now forms part of the Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment).

Northumberland Regiment
The Northumberland Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Non-Permanent Active Militia of the Canadian Militia (now the Canadian Army). In 1936, the regiment was amalgamated with The Durham Regiment to form The Midland Regiment (which now forms part of The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment).
Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Schuylkill County (/ˈskuːlkɪl/, locally /-kəl/; Pennsylvania Dutch: Schulkill Kaundi) is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 143,049. The county seat is Pottsville. The county is part of the Northeast Pennsylvania region of the state.

The county is part of the Pottsville micropolitan statistical area, and borders eight  counties: Berks and Lebanon counties to its south, Dauphin and Northumberland counties to its west, Columbia and Luzerne counties to its north, and Carbon and Lehigh counties to its east. The county is approximately 47 miles (76 km) west of Allentown, the state's third-largest city, and 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Philadelphia, the state's largest city.

The county was created on March 1, 1811, from parts of Berks and Northampton counties and named for the Schuylkill River, which originates in the county. On March 3, 1818, additional territory in its northeast was added from Columbia and Luzerne counties.

Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 64,727. Its county seat is Bloomsburg. The county was created on March 22, 1813, from part of Northumberland County. It was named Columbia, alluding to the United States and Christopher Columbus. The county is part of the Central region of the commonwealth.

Columbia County is part of the Bloomsburg–Berwick metropolitan area.
Architecture description language
Architecture description languages (ADLs) are used in several disciplines: system engineering, software engineering, and enterprise modelling and engineering.

The system engineering community uses an architecture description language as a language and/or a conceptual model to describe and represent system architectures.

The software engineering community uses an architecture description language as a computer language to create a description of a software architecture. In the case of a so-called technical architecture, the architecture must be communicated to software developers; a functional architecture is communicated to various stakeholders and users. Some ADLs that have been developed are: Acme (developed by CMU), AADL (standardized by the SAE), C2 (developed by UCI), SBC-ADL (developed by National Sun Yat-Sen University), Darwin (developed by Imperial College London), and Wright (developed by CMU).

Architecture Analysis & Design Language
The Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL) is an architecture description language standardized by SAE. AADL was first developed in the field of avionics, and was known formerly as the Avionics Architecture Description Language. It was funded in part by the US Army.

The Architecture Analysis & Design Language is derived from MetaH, an architecture description language made by the Advanced Technology Center of Honeywell. AADL is used to model the software and hardware architecture of an embedded, real-time system. Due to its emphasis on the embedded domain, AADL contains constructs for modeling both software and hardware components (with the hardware components named "execution platform" components within the standard). This architecture model can then be used either as a design documentation, for analyses (such as schedulability and flow control) or for code generation (of the software portion), like UML.
European Cup (athletics)
The European Cup is a former athletics competition for European teams that was replaced by the European Team Championships starting in 2009 and was organized by the European Athletics Association. The European Cup saw most of the major nations of Europe compete. Originally known as the Bruno Zauli Cup, it first took place in 1965 in Stuttgart (men) and Kassel (women), West Germany. Initially, the competition was a bi-annual event (tri-annual once); however, from 1993, it took place once every year.

European Athletics Team Championships
The European Athletics Team Championships (European Team Championships until 2013), is an international athletics competition organised by European Athletics, between different countries of Europe, over 4 leagues. It replaced in 2009 the former and similar European Cup (1965–2008). Unlike most international competitions, medals are not awarded to individuals in individual events but to the overall winning team on a points system.
Mamund
The Mamund  (or Mamond) (Urdu: ماموند, Pashto: ماموند) is a Pashtun clan which is a part of the larger Tarkani tribe. The clan is located principally in the Watelai Valley (also known as Mamund Valley), Bajaur, but also owns villages on both sides of the Durand Line. Villages of Mamund Valley that lie on Durand line from Bajaur's side are (,کګه, مڼو ځنګل وادي ګبرے, کټکوټ, غاخے, نختر کلے)Majority of the Mamund Pashtuns live in Mamund Tehsil, Loi Mamund Tehsil and Wara Mamund Tehsil, Bajaur, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan and in Marawara, Asadabad, Shigal, Watapur and Ghazi Abad Districts of Kunar Province in Afghanistan.

The Mamund clan is split into two divisions: Kakazai (Loi Mamund) and Wur (Wara Mamund).

Kakazai
The Kakazai (Pashto: کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي, Urdu, Persian: کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی), also known as Loi, Loe, or Loye Mamund (Pashto: لوی ماموند; Urdu: لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند), a division of the Mamund (ماموند / مموند) clan, are a Pashtun tribe part of the larger Tarkani (ترکاڼي) tribe.

They primarily reside in Bajaur Agency, Pakistan, originally hailing from the Laghman Province of Afghanistan. Over time, they dispersed to such an extent that they are now recognized as a distinct tribe.
1972 Rose Bowl
The 1972 Rose Bowl was the 58th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Saturday, January 1. The Stanford Indians of the Pacific-8 Conference upset the undefeated and fourth-ranked Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference by a point,  13–12, repeating as Rose Bowl champions. The Player of the Game was Stanford quarterback Don Bunce.

1971 Rose Bowl
The 1971 Rose Bowl was It was the 57th edition of the college football bowl game, played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, on Friday, January 1. The Stanford Indians of the Pacific-8 Conference defeated the second-ranked Ohio State Buckeyes of the Big Ten Conference, 27–17. The Player of the Game was Stanford quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Heisman Trophy winner.
River Wonders
1°24′14″N 103°47′39″E﻿ / ﻿1.403782°N 103.79414°E﻿ / 1.403782; 103.79414

River Wonders, formerly known as River Safari, is a river-themed zoo and aquarium located in Mandai, Singapore, it forms a part of the Mandai Wildlife Reserve, consisting of the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari and Bird Paradise and the newly opened Rainforest Wild. It is built over 12 hectares (30 acres) and nestled between its two counterparts, the Singapore Zoo and the Night Safari, Singapore. It is the first of its kind in Asia and features freshwater exhibits and a river boat ride as its main highlights. The safari was built at a cost of S$160m, with an expected visitor rate of 820,000 people yearly.

Night Safari, Singapore
Night Safari is the world's first nocturnal zoo, located in Mandai, Singapore. One of the country's most popular tourist attractions, it is one of five Mandai Wildlife Reserve parks, including Singapore Zoo, Bird Paradise, River Wonders, and Rainforest Wild ASIA.

The concept of a nocturnal park in Singapore was suggested in the 1980s by the former executive chairman of the Singapore Zoo, Ong Swee Law. Constructed at a cost of S$63 million, the Night Safari was officially opened on 26 May 1994 and occupies 35 hectares (86 acres) of secondary rainforest adjacent to the Singapore Zoo and Upper Seletar Reservoir.

The Night Safari currently houses over 900 animals representing over 100 species, of which 41% are threatened species. The Night Safari is managed by Mandai Wildlife Group, and about 1.3 million visitors visit the safari per year. The Night Safari received its 11 millionth visitor on 29 May 2007.