hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
R. Murray Schafer
Raymond Murray Schafer CC FRCMT(hon) (18 July 1933 – 14 August 2021) was a Canadian composer, writer, music educator, and environmentalist perhaps best known for his World Soundscape Project, concern for acoustic ecology, and his book The Tuning of the World (1977). He was the first recipient of the Jules Léger Prize in 1978.

The Royal Conservatory of Music
The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM; French: Conservatoire royal de musique), branded as The Royal Conservatory, is a non-profit music education institution and performance venue headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1886 by Edward Fisher as The Toronto Conservatory of Music. In 1947, King George VI incorporated the organization through royal charter. Its Toronto home was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995, in recognition of the institution's influence on music education in Canada. Tim Price is the current Chair of the Board, and Alexander Brose is the President and CEO.
St Matthew Passion
The St Matthew Passion (German: Matthäuspassion), BWV 244, is a Passion, a sacred oratorio written by Johann Sebastian Bach in 1727 for solo voices, double choir and double orchestra, with libretto by Picander. It sets the 26th and 27th chapters of the Gospel of Matthew (in the Luther Bible) to music, with interspersed chorales and arias. It is widely regarded as one of the masterpieces of Baroque sacred music. The original Latin title Passio Domini nostri J.C. secundum Evangelistam Matthæum translates to "The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ according to the Evangelist Matthew".

Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
The Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (German: [ˈbax ˌvɛʁkə fɐˈtsaɪçnɪs], lit. 'Bach Works Catalogue'; BWV) is a catalogue of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach. It was first published in 1950, edited by Wolfgang Schmieder. The catalogue's second edition appeared in 1990 and the third edition in 2022.

The catalogue groups compositions by genre. Even within a genre, compositions are not necessarily collated chronologically. 
In part this reflects the fact that some compositions cannot be dated. However, an approximate or precise date can be assigned to others: for example, BWV 992 was composed many years before BWV 1.
Misato, Miyazaki
Misato (美郷町, Misato-chō) is a town located in Higashiusuki District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 August 2023, the town has an estimated population of 4297 in 2020 households, and a  population density of 9.8 persons per km². The total area of the town is 448.84 square kilometres (173.30 sq mi)..

Higashiusuki District, Miyazaki
Higashiusuki (東臼杵郡, Higashiusuki-gun) is a district located in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 1, 2019, the district has an estimated population of 26,460 and the density of 20.4 persons per km2. The total area is 1,294.21 km2.
Scatter plot
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
The data are displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.

Line chart
A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments.   It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. It is similar to a scatter plot except that the measurement points are ordered (typically by their x-axis value) and joined with straight line segments.  A line chart is often used to visualize a trend in data over intervals of time – a time series – thus the line is often drawn chronologically. In these cases they are known as run charts.
Marie Stopes
Marie Charlotte Carmichael Stopes (15 October 1880 – 2 October 1958) was a British author, palaeobotanist and campaigner for eugenics and women's rights. She made significant contributions to plant palaeontology and coal classification, and was the first female academic on the faculty of the University of Manchester. With her second husband, Humphrey Verdon Roe, Stopes founded the first birth control clinic in Britain, which bore her name for much of its 100-year history. Stopes edited the newsletter Birth Control News, which gave explicit practical advice. Her sex manual Married Love (1918) was controversial and influential, and brought the subject of birth control into wide public discourse. Stopes publicly opposed abortion, arguing that the prevention of conception was all that was needed, though her actions in private were at odds with her public pronouncements.

Humphrey Verdon Roe
Humphrey Verdon Roe (18 April 1878 – 27 July 1949) was a British businessman, a philanthropist, aircraft manufacturer and the usually unacknowledged co-founder of Britain's first and most successful birth control clinic along with Marie Stopes, who became his wife. He was the father of the British philosopher Harry Stopes-Roe. Roe advocated for the racial superiority of the British upper classes and pushed birth control as a means of reducing birth rates among the poor and lower classes.Neo-Malthusians, Eugenists, and the Declining Birth-Rate in England, 1900-1918
Ayahs' Home
The Ayahs' Home in London provided accommodation for Indian ayahs and Chinese amahs (nannies) at the turn of the 20th century who were "ill-treated, dismissed from service or simply abandoned" with no return passage to their home country. The Home also operated like an employment exchange to help ayahs find placements with families returning to British India. It was the only institution of its type in Britain with a named building.

Amah (occupation)
An amah (Portuguese: ama, German: Amme, Medieval Latin: amma, simplified Chinese: 阿妈; traditional Chinese: 阿媽; pinyin: ā mā; Wade–Giles: a¹ ma¹) or ayah (Portuguese: aia, Latin: avia, Tagalog: yaya) is a girl or woman employed by a family to clean, look after children, and perform other domestic tasks. Amah is the usual version in East Asia, while ayah relates more to South Asia, and tends to specifically mean a nursemaid looking after young children, rather than a general maid.
Rory Sabbatini
Rory Mario Trevor Sabbatini (born 2 April 1976) is a South African-Slovak professional golfer. Sabbatini won six times on the PGA Tour between 2000 and 2011 and was runner-up in the 2007 Masters. He spent 21 weeks in the world top-10 in late-2007 and early-2008, with a high of 8th. Sabbatini won the silver medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics, representing Slovakia.

2007 Masters Tournament
The 2007 Masters Tournament was the 71st Masters Tournament, held April 5–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Zach Johnson won his first major championship, two strokes ahead of runners-up Retief Goosen, Rory Sabbatini, and Tiger Woods. Cool temperatures and gusty winds on the weekend resulted in high scores for the field; Johnson's 289 (+1) tied for the highest winning score ever.

Johnson's victory dispelled the notion that only long-hitters could win the Masters. He did not reach a single par five hole in two during the entire tournament, yet played the par fives better than anyone in the field with 11 birdies and no bogeys.

This was the final Masters appearance for two-time champion Seve Ballesteros.
Ōkāreka Embayment
The Ōkāreka Embayment (also spelled Okareka or Ōkareka) is a volcanic feature in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand. Its most significant recent volcanic eruption was about 15,700 years ago and this deposited the widespread Rotorua tephra that reached beyond Auckland.

Ōkataina Caldera
Ōkataina Caldera (Ōkataina Volcanic Centre, also spelled Okataina) is a volcanic caldera and its associated volcanoes located in Taupō Volcanic Zone of New Zealand's North Island. It has several actual or postulated sub calderas. The Ōkataina Caldera is just east of the smaller separate Rotorua Caldera and southwest of the much smaller Rotomā Embayment, which is usually regarded as an associated volcano. It shows high rates of explosive rhyolitic volcanism, although its last eruption was basaltic. The postulated Haroharo Caldera contained within it has sometimes been described in almost interchangeable terms with the Ōkataina Caldera or volcanic complex or centre and by other authors as a separate complex defined by gravitational and magnetic features.: 14  Since 2010 other terms such as the Haroharo vent alignment, Utu Caldera, Matahina Caldera, Rotoiti Caldera and a postulated Kawerau Caldera are often used, rather than a Haroharo Caldera classification.: 2
Unitary divisor
In mathematics, a natural number a is a unitary divisor (or Hall divisor) of a number b if a is a divisor of b and if a and b / a are coprime, having no common factor other than 1. Equivalently, a divisor a of b is a unitary divisor if and only if every prime factor of a has the same multiplicity in a as it has in b.

The concept of a unitary divisor originates from R. Vaidyanathaswamy (1931), who used the term block divisor.

Divisor
In mathematics, a divisor of an integer  also called a factor of  is an integer  that may be multiplied by some integer to produce  In this case, one also says that  is a multiple of  An integer  is divisible or evenly divisible by another integer  if  is a divisor of ; this implies dividing  by  leaves no remainder.
Michael Chisholm (geographer)
Michael Donald Inglis Chisholm FSA FBA (June 1931 – 9 July 2024) was a British economic and human geographer and academic. He was Professor of Geography at the University of Cambridge from 1976 until his retirement in 1996. He wrote several books on the rural economy and human geography, and served for many years as an advisor to the UK government.

Professor of Geography (Cambridge)
The Professorship of Geography (1931) at the University of Cambridge was founded in 1931, with the appointment of Frank Debenham, over forty years after the first lectureship had been established (in 1888), and twelve years after the Geography tripos had been established, in 1919.
Biriyya
Biriyya (Arabic: بيريّا)  was a Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on May 2, 1948, by The Palmach's First Battalion of Operation Yiftach. It was located 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) northeast of Safad. Today the Israeli moshav of Birya includes the village site.

Birya
Birya (Hebrew: בִּירִיָּה, also Biriya) is an agricultural village in northern Israel. Located in the Upper Galilee near Safed, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Merom HaGalil Regional Council. As of 2023 its population was 968.

Biriya existed in the Classic Era, as Jews lived in Birya and environs in Talmudic times. In early Ottoman era, the village had a mixed Muslim and Jewish population. The Jewish community abandoned the location in the late 16th century. By the late 19th century, the village of Biriyya housed an Arab Muslim community. The Jewish village was founded in 1946 on a site adjacent to the Arab town of Biriyya. Both Arab and Jewish locations were depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. In 1971, Under Israeli governance, a Jewish agricultural village was re-established at the site.
Gifted education
Gifted education (also known as gifted and talented education (GATE), talented and gifted programs (TAG), or G&T education) is a type of education used for children who have been identified as gifted or talented.

The main approaches to gifted education are enrichment and acceleration. An enrichment program teaches additional, deeper material, but keeps the student progressing through the curriculum at the same rate as their peers. For example, after gifted students have completed the standard curriculum, an enrichment program might provide them with additional information about a subject. An acceleration program advances the student through the standard curriculum faster than normal. This is normally done by having the students skip one to two grades.

Being gifted and talented usually means being able to score in the top percentile on IQ exams. The percentage of students selected varies, generally with 10% or fewer being selected for gifted education programs.

Academic acceleration
Academic acceleration is moving students through an educational program at a rate faster or at an age younger than is typical. Students who would benefit from acceleration do not necessarily need to be identified as gifted in a particular subject. Acceleration places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum. It has been described as a "fundamental need" for gifted students as it provides students with level-appropriate material.  The practice occurs worldwide. The bulk of educational research on academic acceleration has been within the United States.
Tim Riggins
Timothy "Tim" Riggins is a character in the American sports drama Friday Night Lights, portrayed by actor Taylor Kitsch. Tim Riggins is the fullback/running back of the Dillon Panthers, a high school team in a small Texas town in the television series. His character is similar to that of Don Billingsley from the original book and the 2004 film Friday Night Lights.

Lyla Garrity
Lyla Garrity is a fictional character, portrayed by Minka Kelly, in the sports drama television series Friday Night Lights. She is the daughter of Buddy Garrity and Pam Garrity. She is the former girlfriend of Jason Street and Tim Riggins.
Tej Pratap Yadav
Tej Praatap Yadav (born 16 April 1988) is an Indian politician. He was  cabinet minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the Government of Bihar. He is the elder son of former Chief Ministers of Bihar, Lalu Prasad Yadav and Rabri Devi.

Chandrika Roy
Chandrika Rai is an Indian politician from Saran district of Bihar, India. He was a Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly (2015-2020) representing Parsa (Vidhan Sabha constituency) from RJD Party. Now he is in the Janata Dal (United) Party.
Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS)  is a constituent college of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest university. The schools of the college offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the biomedical sciences, health sciences, human medicine and public health, covering a broad range of disciplines and specialties.

Makerere University School of Medicine
The Makerere University School of Medicine (MUSM) in Kampala, Uganda, also known as the Makerere University Medical School, is the school of medicine of Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university. The medical school has been part of Makerere University since 1924. The school provides medical education at diploma, undergraduate, and postgraduate levels.
Osoto gaeshi
Osoto Gaeshi (大外返) is one of the techniques adopted by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza (newly accepted techniques) list. It is categorized as a foot technique, Ashi-waza. It is essentially a counter throw or reversal for Osoto gari.

O soto gari
O soto gari (大外刈) is one of the original 40 throws of Judo
as developed by Jigoro Kano. It belongs to the first group, Dai Ikkyo, of the traditional throwing list, Gokyo no waza, of Kodokan Judo. It is also included in the current 67 Throws of Kodokan Judo. It is classified as a foot technique, Ashi-Waza.
Walter Moody
Walter Leroy Moody Jr. (March 24, 1935 – April 19, 2018) was an American convicted murderer who was sentenced to death and executed in Alabama for the 1989 letter bomb murder of Robert S. Vance, a U.S. federal judge serving on the Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit.

When Moody was executed by lethal injection in April 2018, he became the oldest death row inmate to be executed since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976.

Robert Smith Vance
Robert Smith Vance (May 10, 1931 – December 16, 1989) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and later the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. He was one of three 20th-century United States federal court judges assassinated because of his judicial service.
Salamis Island
Salamis (/ˈsæləmɪs/ SAL-ə-miss; Ancient Greek and Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς, romanized: Salamís) or Salamina (Modern Greek: Σαλαμίνα, romanized: Salamína) is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf, about two kilometres (one nautical mile) from the coast of Athens' port of Piraeus and about 16 km (8+1⁄2 nmi) west of Athens center.

The chief city, Salamina, lies in the west-facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay, which opens into the Saronic Gulf. On the eastern side of the island its main port, Paloukia, connects the island with Perama in the western part of Athens urban area through a frequent ferry line and is the second largest port in Greece in terms of passengers, after the port of Piraeus.

Salamina, Attica
Salamina (Greek: Σαλαμίνα, Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς, romanized: Salamís) or Kοullοuri (Greek: Κούλλουρη; Arvanitika: Κȣλλȣ́ρι/Kuluri) is the largest city and a former municipality on Salamina Island in Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Salamina, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

It is part of the Islands regional unit of the Attica region. The city lies in the northwestern part of the island. It had a population of 24,997 inhabitants at the 2021 census, some of them are Arvanites. It was the municipal seat of the former municipality of Salamina, which had a land area of 80.992 square kilometres (31.271 sq mi) and comprised about 84 percent of the island (all except the easternmost central coast, which comprised the former municipality of Ampelakia). The population of the municipal unit was 30,235 in 2021. It includes several towns, the largest of which are Aiánteio, Stenó, Kanákia, Peristéria, Batsí, Kolónes, and Pérani.
Kuto Besak
Kuto Besak (Palembang for "Great Fortress"), also known tautologically in Indonesian as Benteng Kuto Besak, is an 18th-century kraton (Indonesian fortified palace) in Palembang, South Sumatra. Kuto Besak was the center of the Sultanate of Palembang before its abolition by the Dutch colonial government. The fort was constructed in 1780 and took seventeen years to complete. Kuto Besak was inaugurated in 1797, marked by the transfer of the royal residence from the older Kuto Lamo to Kuto Besak.

Palembang Sultanate
The Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam (Malay: كسلطانن ڤلمبڠ دارالسلام, romanized: Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam) was a sultanate in Indonesia whose capital was the city of Palembang in the southern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was proclaimed in 1659 by Susuhunan Abdurrahman (1659–1706) and dissolved by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies on 7 October 1823. In 1825, its last ruler, Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin, was arrested and sent into exile on the island of Banda Neira in the Moluccas.
Charles Edward Merriam
Charles Edward Merriam Jr. (1874–1953) was an American professor of political science at the University of Chicago, founder of the behavioral approach to political science, a trainer of many graduate students, a prominent intellectual in the Progressive Movement, and an advisor to several US Presidents.  Upon his death, The New York Times called him "one of the outstanding political scientists in the country".

Behavioralism
Behavioralism is an approach in the philosophy of science, describing the scope of the fields now collectively called the behavioral sciences; this approach dominated the field until the late 20th century. Behavioralism attempts to explain human behavior from an unbiased, neutral point of view, focusing only on what can be verified by direct observation, preferably using statistical and quantitative methods. In doing so, it rejects attempts to study internal human phenomena such as thoughts, subjective experiences, or human well-being. The rejection of this paradigm as overly-restrictive would lead to the rise of cognitive approaches in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Virumbugiren
Virumbugiren (transl. I would like) is a 2002 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed by Susi Ganeshan. The film stars Prashanth and Sneha, while Eswari Rao played a pivotal role which fetched her Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Character Artiste (Female) and Nassar, Livingston and Sriman portrayed supporting roles. Deva composed the film's music while K. V. Anand handled the film's cinematography. The film released after much delay across Tamil Nadu in December 2002.

The film went on to gain success before release in 2001, by winning four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards including Best Film and Best Director for Susi Ganesan. Sneha also won the Best Actress award, while Easwari Rao scooped the Best Supporting Actress award.

Susi Ganesan
Ganesan Subbiah (born 25 August 1969), popularly known as Susi Ganesan, is an Indian film director, producer, and writer who predominantly works in Tamil films apart from a few Hindi remakes of his own films.
Princess Hermine of Schaumburg-Lippe
Princess Hermine of Schaumburg-Lippe (German: Prinzessin Hermine zu Schaumburg-Lippe) (Bückeburg, 5 October 1845 – Regensburg, 23 December 1930) was a member of the princely family of Schaumburg-Lippe who was the consort of Duke Maximilian of Württemberg from 1876 until his death in 1888.

Duke Maximilian of Württemberg
Duke Maximilian of Württemberg (German: Wilhelm Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Herzog von Württemberg; 3 September 1828, Dischingen – 29 July 1888, Regensburg) was a member and Duke of the royal house of Württemberg.
11th (Northern) Division
The 11th (Northern) Division, was an infantry division of the British Army during the First World War, raised from men who had volunteered for Lord Kitchener's New Armies. The division fought in the Gallipoli Campaign and on the Western Front. The division's insignia was an ankh or ankhus.

Kitchener's Army
The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army or, disparagingly, as Kitchener's Mob,
was an (initially) all-volunteer portion of the British Army formed in the United Kingdom from 1914 onwards following the outbreak of hostilities in the First World War in late July 1914. It originated on the recommendation of Herbert Kitchener, then the Secretary of State for War to obtain 500,000 volunteers for the Army. Kitchener's original intention was that these men would be formed into units that would be ready to be put into action in mid-1916, but circumstances dictated the use of these troops before then. The first use in a major action of Kitchener's Army units came at the Battle of Loos (September–October 1915).