hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sodium-vapor lamp
A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm.

Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure, and high pressure. Low-pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow-orange light restricts applications to outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, where they are widely used. High-pressure sodium lamps emit a broader spectrum of light than the low-pressure lamps, but they still have poorer color rendering than other types of lamps. Low-pressure sodium lamps give only monochromatic yellow-orange light, inhibiting color vision at night.

Single ended self-starting lamps are insulated with a mica disc and contained in a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube (arc tube) with a metal cap. They include the sodium-vapor lamp that is the gas-discharge lamp used in street lighting.

Street light
A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, streetlamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets followed, or sometimes led.

Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells or astro clocks that activate the lamp automatically when needed, at times when there is reduced ambient light compared to daytime, such as at dusk, dawn, or under exceptional cloud cover. This function in older lighting systems could be performed with the aid of a solar dial.
Arsenic acid
Arsenic acid or arsoric acid is the chemical compound with the formula H3AsO4, more descriptively written as AsO(OH)3. This colorless acid is the arsenic analogue of phosphoric acid. Arsenate and phosphate salts behave very similarly. Arsenic acid as such has not been isolated, but is only found in solution, where it is largely ionized. Its hemihydrate form (2H3AsO4·H2O) does form stable crystals. Crystalline samples dehydrate with condensation at 100 °C.

Arsenate
The arsenate is an ion with the chemical formula AsO3−4. Bonding in arsenate consists of a central arsenic atom, with oxidation state +5, double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to a further three oxygen atoms. The four oxygen atoms orient around the arsenic atom in a tetrahedral geometry. Resonance disperses the ion's −3 charge across all four oxygen atoms.

Arsenate readily reacts with metals to form arsenate metal compounds. Arsenate is a moderate oxidizer and an electron acceptor, with an electrode potential of +0.56 V for its reduction to arsenite. Due to arsenic having the same valency and similar atomic radius to phosphorus, arsenate shares similar geometry and reactivity with phosphate. Arsenate can replace phosphate in biochemical reactions and is toxic to most organisms.
Sooglossidae
Sooglossidae, the Seychelles frogs or Seychelles Island frogs, are a family of frogs found on the Seychelles Islands. Until recently, this family was believed to include the genera Sechellophryne, Nesomantis and Sooglossus, but following a major revision of amphibians in 2006, the genus Nesomantis was named a junior synonym of Sooglossus. Their closest relatives are the purple frogs (Nasikabatrachidae) of India.

Thomasset's Seychelles frog
Thomasset's Seychelles frog or Thomasset's frog (Sooglossus thomasseti) is a species of frog in the family Sooglossidae. It is endemic to Seychelles. There are two known populations: one on Silhouette Island and one on Mahé Island.

The natural habitats of this frog are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and intermittent rivers. Eggs are laid among rocks and hatch into miniature adults, bypassing a larval stage. The species is threatened by habitat loss.

Genetic analysis indicates that the two populations of this species are distinct from each other and are possibly even separate species. It has thus been proposed that both populations be considered evolutionary significant units for conservation purposes.

This frog, the rarest in Seychelles, was named for its discoverer, Hans Paul Thomasset (1862-1949).
San Juan de Taperas
San Juan de Taperas is a village in San José de Chiquitos Municipality in Chiquitos Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. The ruins of the mission of San Juan Bautista, one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, lie near the village. Since only the ruins of a stone tower survive near the present village of San Juan de Taperas, San Juan Bautista is not one of the six Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

San Juan de Taperas has a population of 832 as of the 2012 census.

San José de Chiquitos
San José de Chiquitos, or simply San José, is the capital of Chiquitos Province in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia.  A former Jesuit Reduction, it is part of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, which was declared a World Heritage Site in 1990.

The ruins of the mission of San Juan Bautista, one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, lie near the village of San Juan de Taperas in San José de Chiquitos Municipality.
Smiths Grove, Kentucky
Smiths Grove is a home rule-class city in Warren County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 752 as of the 2020 Census. It is included in the Bowling Green, Kentucky Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Bowling Green, Kentucky
Bowling Green is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Kentucky, United States. Its population was 72,294 as of the  2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the state, after Louisville and Lexington. The Bowling Green metropolitan area is the fourth-largest in the state and had a population of 179,639 in 2020.

Founded by pioneers in 1798, Bowling Green was the provisional capital of Confederate Kentucky during the American Civil War. In the 21st century, it is the location of numerous manufacturers, including General Motors, Spalding, and Fruit of the Loom. The Bowling Green Assembly Plant has been the source of all Chevrolet Corvettes built since 1981. Bowling Green is also home to Western Kentucky University (or WKU for short), and the National Corvette Museum.
Canon regular
The Canons Regular are Catholic priests and religious brothers (canons) who live in community under a rule (Latin: regula and κανών, kanon, in Greek) and are generally organised into religious orders, differing from both secular canons and other forms of religious life, such as clerics regular, designated by a partly similar terminology. As religious communities, they have lay brothers as part of the community. Canons regular generally follow the Rule of Saint Augustine.

At times, the life of canons regular has been very popular. In 12th-century England, there were more houses of canons (often referred to as an abbey or canonry) than monasteries of monks.

Cleric regular
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, clerics regular or clerks regular are clerics (mostly priests) who are members of a religious order under a rule of life (regular). Clerics regular differ from canons regular in that they devote themselves more to pastoral care, in place of an obligation to the praying of the Liturgy of the Hours in common, and have fewer observances in their rule of life.
Reliance Health
Reliance Health is a subsidiary organisation of Reliance Group. The organisation looks after the health-care component of the conglomerate. The organisation is headed by the Indian businessman Anil Ambani. It runs two major hospitals and multiple medical centres throughout India.

Reliance Group
Reliance Group is an Indian conglomerate, headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company, which was formed after Dhirubhai Ambani's business was divided up, is headed by his younger son Anil Ambani.
Reliance Group has five listed companies, Reliance Power, Reliance Infrastructure, Reliance Home Finance, Reliance Health, and Reliance MediaWorks. The group provides financial services, construction, entertainment, power, health care, manufacturing, defence, aviation, and transportation services.
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (German: Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg) was a duchy ruled by the Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin in today's Thuringia, Germany. The extinction of the line in 1825 led to a major re-organisation of the Thuringian states.

Ernestine duchies
The Ernestine duchies (German: Ernestinische Herzogtümer), also known as the Saxon duchies (Sächsische Herzogtümer, although the Albertine appanage duchies of Weissenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz were also "Saxon duchies" and adjacent to several Ernestine ones), were a group of small states whose number varied, which were largely located in the present-day German state of Thuringia and governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin.

In 1800, there were seven such duchies (two held in personal unions with others) that collectively totaled 7,693 square kilometers of territory and were populated by 445,000 inhabitants.
Lone Horn
Lone Horn (Lakota: Hewáŋžiča, or in historical spelling "Heh-won-ge-chat" or "Ha-wón-je-tah"), also called One Horn (c. 1790 –1877), born in present-day South Dakota, was chief of the Wakpokinyan (Flies Along the Stream) band of the Minneconjou Lakota.

Lone Horn's sons were Spotted Elk (later known as Big Foot) and Touch the Clouds; Rattling Blanket Woman was his sister, and Crazy Horse was his nephew.  He participated in the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, which reads "Heh-won-ge-chat, his x mark, One Horn". Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864) was Lone Horn's maternal uncle.

Lone Horn died near Bear Butte in 1877 from old age. After Lone Horn's death his adopted son Spotted Elk eventually became chief of the Minneconjou and was later killed along with his people at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.

Spotted Elk
Spotted Elk (Lakota:  Uŋpȟáŋ Glešká, sometimes spelled OH-PONG-GE-LE-SKAH or Hupah Glešká: c. 1826  – ( 1890-12-29)December 29, 1890) was a chief of the Miniconjou, Lakota Sioux.  He was a son of Miniconjou chief Lone Horn and became a chief upon his father's death. He was a highly renowned chief with skills in war and negotiations. A United States Army soldier, at Fort Bennett, coined the nickname Big Foot (Si Tȟáŋka) – not to be confused with Oglala Big Foot (also known as Ste Si Tȟáŋka and Chetan keah).

In 1890, he was killed by the U.S. Army at  Wounded Knee Creek, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation  (Chankwe Opi Wakpala, Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke), South Dakota with at least 150 members of his tribe, in what became known as the Wounded Knee Massacre.
Desmond Guinness
Desmond Walter Guinness (8 September 1931 – 20 August 2020) was an Anglo-Irish author of Georgian art and architecture, a conservationist and the co-founder of the Irish Georgian Society.  He was the second son of the author and brewer Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne, and his then wife Diana Mitford (later Lady Mosley).

In 1958, he bought Leixlip Castle, Leixlip, County Kildare, Ireland, where he lived with both his first wife, Princess Henriette Marie-Gabrielle von Urach, generally known as Mariga, and later his second wife, the former Penelope Cuthbertson, whom he married in 1984.

Bryan Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne
Bryan Walter Guinness, 2nd Baron Moyne (27 October 1905 – 6 July 1992), was a British aristocrat, writer, poet and heir to part of the Guinness family brewing fortune. He was vice-chairman of Guinness plc and authored several works of poetry and novels.
Kujō Tanemichi
Kujō Tanemichi (九条 稙通; February 22, 1507 – February 24, 1594), was a kugyō or Japanese court noble and classic scholar of the Muromachi period (1336–1573). He was the biological son of regent Hisatsune and Sanjōnishi Yasuko, eldest daughter of Sanjōnishi Sanetaka (1455–1537), the leading waka master, tea expert and incense expert of his time.

Kujō Tanemichi held a regent position (kampaku) from 1533 to 1534. The calligrapher and poet, Ono Otsu, was one of his students. Kanetaka was his adopted son.

Kujō Kanetaka
Kujō Kanetaka (九条 兼孝; 25 December 1553 – 23 February 1636), son of Nijō Haruyoshi and adopted son of regent Tanemichi, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Azuchi-Momoyama (1568–1603) and Edo periods (1603–1868). He held a regent position kampaku from 1578 to 1581 and from 1600 to 1604. Yukiie was his son.
LaGrange Troupers
The LaGrange Troupers were a minor league baseball team based in LaGrange, Georgia and Troup County, Georgia.

From 1946 to 1951, the LaGrange "Troupers" played as members of the Class D level Georgia–Alabama League, winning the 1950 and 1951 league championships. From 1948 to 1951, The Troupers were a minor league affiliate of the New York Yankees.

The Troupers hosted home minor league games at Callaway Stadium, which is still in use today as a sports stadium.

The Troupers were preceded in Georgia–Alabama League play by the 1916 and 1917 LaGrange Grangers.

LaGrange Grangers
The LaGrange Grangers were a minor league baseball team based in LaGrange, Georgia. From 1913 to 1917, the Grangers and their predecessor, the LaGrange "Terrapins," played exclusively as members of the Class D level Georgia–Alabama League.

The LaGrange Grangers hosted home minor league games at the LaGrange Athletic Field.

The Grangers were succeeded in Georgia–Alabama League play decades later by the 1946 LaGrange Troupers.
Lee Rocker
Leon Drucker (born August 3, 1961), professionally known as Lee Rocker is an American musician. He is a member of the rockabilly band Stray Cats.

He is the son of the classical clarinetists Stanley Drucker, the late former principal clarinetist of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, and Naomi Drucker. As a child, he played the cello and later learned bass guitar.

Stanley Drucker
Stanley Drucker (February 4, 1929 – December 19, 2022) was an American clarinetist. For nearly five decades, he was principal clarinetist of the New York Philharmonic. According to Guinness World Records, he achieved the longest career as a clarinetist. Drucker premiered the clarinet concerto by John Corigliano.
Leopoldo Serantes
Leopoldo Serantes (March 15, 1962 – September 1, 2021) was a Filipino amateur boxer and soldier. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea in the Light Flyweight (-48 kg) division, winning the bronze medal in a lost bout against Ivailo Marinov from Bulgaria in the semifinals. Serantes' win marked the first time in 24 years that an athlete from the Philippines won an Olympic medal since boxer Anthony Villanueva, his head coach, won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics, and he became the sixth Filipino overall to be awarded an Olympic medal.

Ivailo Marinov
Ivailo Marinov (Bulgarian: Ивайло Маринов; born 13 July 1960 in Varna, also known as Ismail Mustafov, Ismail Huseinov or Ivailo Khristov) is a Bulgarian boxer of Muslim Romani ancestry, who won the bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in light flyweight, and the gold medal in the same category at the 1988 Summer Olympics
The Joseph Smith Papers (TV series)
The Joseph Smith Papers: Television Documentary Series is a documentary television series produced by Ronald O. Barney and the Larry H. Miller Communications Corporation. The series documented the creation of, and work involved in, the Joseph Smith Papers Project. It also discussed the history of Joseph Smith, the founder and first prophet of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), as well as the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement.

The Joseph Smith Papers
The Joseph Smith Papers (or Joseph Smith Papers Project) is a documentary editing project to collect, research, and publish all documents created by, or under the direction of, Joseph Smith (1805–1844), the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Documents are published online alongside transcriptions and annotations, with selections also published in 27 printed volumes.

The project began in 2001, published its first printed volume in 2008 and released its final printed volume in 2023; as of 2024, the project continues to publish digital content. The Church History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) sponsored the project; the department's imprint, the Church Historian's Press, published the website and printed volumes.
Massacre in Korea
Massacre in Korea (French: Massacre en Corée) is an expressionist painting completed on 18 January 1951 by Pablo Picasso. Picasso's third anti-war painting after Guernica and The Charnel House, Massacre depicts a scene of a massacre of a group of naked women and children by a firing squad. It has been considered to be a condemnation of American intervention in the Korean War. The painting was exhibited in the Musée Picasso in Paris.

The Charnel House
The Charnel House (French: Le Charnier) is an unfinished 1944–1945 oil and charcoal on canvas painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, which is purported to deal with the Nazi genocide of the Holocaust. The black and white 'grisaille' composition centres on a massed pile of corpses and was based primarily upon film and photographs of a slaughtered family during the Spanish Civil War. It is considered to be the second of three major anti-war Picassos, preceded by Guernica in 1937 and succeeded by Massacre in Korea in 1951. The painting is housed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
U.S. Route 41 Alternate (Tennessee–Kentucky)
U.S. Route 41 Alternate (US 41 Alt.), also signed U.S. Route 41A in Tennessee (US 41A), connects the town of Monteagle, Tennessee, with Hopkinsville, Kentucky, 10 miles (16 km) north of the Tennessee line. It serves the city of Clarksville, Tennessee, on its way to Nashville, where it briefly runs concurrently with US 41. It then separates again to serve Shelbyville, Winchester, and Tullahoma before rejoining the main route atop Monteagle Mountain. US 41A runs west of US 41 for its entire length, aside from one mile in downtown Nashville where they are concurrent. US 41A is also concurrent with U.S. Route 31A from Nashville to Triune, Tennessee, for a distance of approximately 25 miles (40 km).

U.S. Route 31A
U.S. Route 31A (US 31A)  is a 76.94-mile-long (123.82 km) alternate route of U.S. Route 31 that exists between Nashville and Pulaski, Tennessee. It is located entirely in Middle Tennessee and except for the Lewisburg bypass, where it is concurrent with SR 106, it is entirely concurrent with unsigned State Route 11 (SR 11).
Dassower See
Despite its name, the Dassower See  (German pronunciationⓘ), sometimes called Lake Dassow or Dassow Bay in English, is not a lake, but a side bay, locally known as a wiek, of the Trave Fjord, northeast of Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein) on the Baltic Sea.

Trave
The Trave (German pronunciation: [ˈtʁaːvə] ⓘ) is a river in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is approximately 124 kilometres (77 mi) long, running from its source near the village of Gießelrade in Ostholstein to Travemünde, where it flows into the Baltic Sea. It passes through Bad Segeberg, Bad Oldesloe, and Lübeck, where it is linked to the Elbe–Lübeck Canal. It is navigable for sea-going vessels from the Baltic to the Lübeck ports. The Herren Tunnel crosses the Trave, as do numerous bridges, and a ferry connects Travemünde with Priwall. Tributaries of the Trave include the Wakenitz and the Stepenitz.
Tokino Sora
Tokino Sora (ときのそら) is a Japanese virtual YouTuber. She began her activities on 7 September 2017 as the founding member of Hololive Production. Because she debuted before Hololive was officially formed, she is considered a member of the "0th generation" alongside Roboco, Sakura Miko, Hoshimachi Suisei, and AZKi. She signed a record deal with Victor Entertainment in March 2019.

Hololive Production
Hololive Production, also known as just Hololive (both names stylized in lowercase), is a virtual YouTuber agency owned by Japanese tech entertainment company Cover Corporation. In addition to acting as a multi-channel network, Hololive Production also handles licensing, merchandising, music production and concert organization. As of May 2025, the agency manages 88 active VTubers in three target languages (Japanese, Indonesian and English), totaling over 80 million subscribers, including several of the most subscribed VTubers on YouTube and some of the most watched female streamers in the world.

The name "Hololive" was initially used for Cover's 3D stream distribution app, launched in December 2017, and later its female VTuber agency, whose first generation debuted from May to June 2018. In December 2019, Hololive was merged with Cover's male Holostars agency and INoNaKa music label under the unified "Hololive Production" brand.
Princess Sophie of the Netherlands
Princess Sophie of the Netherlands (Wilhelmine Marie Sophie Louise; 8 April 1824 – 23 March 1897) was the only daughter and last surviving child of King William II of the Netherlands and Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. She was heiress presumptive to her niece, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, for seven years, from the death of her brother until her own death.

Anna Pavlovna of Russia
Anna Pavlovna of Russia (Russian: Анна Павловна [ˈanːə ˈpavləvnə]; Dutch: Anna Paulowna [ˈɑnaː pɑˈloːnaː] ⓘ; 18 January [O.S. 7 January] 1795 – 1 March 1865) was Queen of the Netherlands by marriage to King William II of the Netherlands. She was a Russian patriot who upheld a strict royal etiquette in the Netherlands, where she never felt at home, and identified more as an imperial Russian grand duchess than a Dutch queen. She had no political influence, but was active within charity.
She is the paternal grandmother of Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, via her eldest son, William III.
Yuri I Olelkovich
Yuri Simeonovich (c. 1492 – 17 April 1542) was the prince of Kopyl and Slutsk from 1503 until his death in 1542. He was from the Olelkovich family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and was a son of Simeon Mikhailovich Slutsky and Anastasia Slutskaya.

Simeon II Olelkovich
Simeon Mikhailovich Slutsky (c. 1460 – 14 November 1503) was the prince of Kopyl and Slutsk from 1481 until his death in 1503. He was from the Olelkovich family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the only son of Mikhailo Olelkovich.
White Lantern Corps
The White Lantern Corps is a fictional organization appearing in comics published by DC Comics, related to the emotional spectrum. Founded during the Blackest Night event, the members of the White Lantern Corps are powered by the white light of life and are the opposite of the Black Lantern Corps, which represent death.

Black Lantern Corps
The Black Lantern Corps is a supervillainous organization of corporeal revenants (resembling intelligent zombies or jiangshi) appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, related to the emotional spectrum. The group is composed of deceased fictional characters in zombie form that seek to eliminate all life from the DC Universe.
Felix Browder
Felix Earl Browder (/ˈbraʊdər/; July 31, 1927 – December 10, 2016) was an American mathematician known for his work in nonlinear functional analysis. He received the National Medal of Science in 1999 and was President of the American Mathematical Society until 2000. His two younger brothers also became notable mathematicians, William Browder (an algebraic topologist) and Andrew Browder (a specialist in function algebras).

William Browder (mathematician)
William Browder (January 6, 1934 – February 4, 2025) was an American mathematician, who specialized in algebraic topology, differential topology and differential geometry. He served as president of the American Mathematical Society from 1989 to 1991.