hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Scapula
The scapula (pl.: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from the Classical Latin word for trowel or small shovel, which it was thought to resemble.

In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in medical terminology. This prefix is derived from ὦμος (ōmos), the Ancient Greek word for shoulder, and is cognate with the Latin (h)umerus, which in Latin signifies either the shoulder or the upper arm bone.

The scapula forms the back of the shoulder girdle. In humans, it is a flat bone, roughly triangular in shape, placed on a posterolateral aspect of the thoracic cage.

Humerus
The humerus (/ˈhjuːmərəs/; pl.: humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The shaft is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea and capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its true anatomical neck, the constriction below the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus is referred to as its surgical neck due to its tendency to fracture, thus often becoming the focus of surgeons.
The Palace of Auburn Hills
The Palace of Auburn Hills, commonly known as the Palace, was a multi-purpose arena located in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Opened in 1988, it was the home of the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Detroit Shock of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), the Detroit Vipers of the International Hockey League, the Detroit Rockers of the National Professional Soccer League, the Detroit Neon/Detroit Safari of the Continental Indoor Soccer League, and the Detroit Fury of the Arena Football League.

The Palace was one of eight basketball arenas owned by their respective NBA franchises.  The Pistons moved to Little Caesars Arena in Midtown Detroit in 2017 and the Palace was demolished in 2020.

Little Caesars Arena
Little Caesars Arena is a multi-purpose arena in Midtown Detroit. Opening in September 2017, the arena, which cost $862.9 million to construct, replaced Joe Louis Arena and The Palace of Auburn Hills as the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA), respectively.

The arena features a unique, clear plastic roofed concourse connecting it to offices and shops surrounding it. It was designed to be the flagship of a new $2.1 billion 650,000-square-foot (60,000 m2) sports and entertainment district, The District Detroit, with mixed-use neighborhoods with new residential and retail outlets located around the Cass Corridor, Ford Field, and Comerica Park. However, this has yet to materialize.
Mary Parry
Mary A. Parry (16 October 1929 – 3 March 2017) was a British figure skater who competed in ice dancing. With partner Roy Mason, she won bronze at the 1960 European Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. Parry and Mason were both members of Birmingham Ice Dance Club and had started competing together by 1955.

Parry served as an ice dancing judge at the 1994 Winter Olympics. In her final years, she lived with Mason in Sutton Coldfield.

Roy Mason (figure skater)
Roy Mason (13 December 1933 – 10 March 2017) was a British figure skater who competed in ice dancing. With partner Mary Parry, he won bronze at the 1960 European Championships in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany. Parry and Mason were both members of Birmingham Ice Dance Club and had started competing together by 1955.

Mason served as an ice dancing judge at the 1988 Winter Olympics. In his final years, he lived with Parry in Sutton Coldfield.
Tell es-Samak
Tell es-Samak (Hebrew: תל א-סמכ, Arabic: تل السمك, romanized: Tell as-Samak), meaning 'mound of the fish', is an ancient Phoenician tell (mound) situated near the sea coast in the modern city of Haifa, Israel, just south of the Israeli National Institute of Oceanography. It has been called a "forgotten Phoenician site".

Initially identified as Calamon (see Tell Abu Hawam), it was later identified by Israeli archeologists as the Jewish town of Shikmona (Hebrew: תל שִׁקְמוֹנָה, romanized: Šiqmônah), also spelt Sycamine. Subsequent research found no evidence of Jewish artefacts, only Phoenician and Christian; nowadays researchers identify Tell es-Samak with Porphyreon (south). The Zinman Institute of Archaeology at the University of Haifa writes that "It was wrongly identified with the Jewish Shikmona, but the latest research suggests that it should be identified as the Christian town of Porphyreon (south)."

Tell Abu Hawam
Tell Abu Hawam is the site of a small city established in the Late Bronze Age (circa 1600 BCE) in the area of modern-day Haifa, Israel. It was known to the Crusaders as Latin: Cayphas Vetusta (Ancient Haifa) and Latin: Vetus Cayphas (Old Haifa).

It existed as a port city and a fishing village, and was moved in the late 11th century to the site which became known as Haifa el-Atika.

The site was excavated by a British expedition from 1929 to 1933.
10th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)
The 10th Infantry Brigade was a Regular Army infantry brigade of the British Army formed during the Second Boer War in 5th Division, and during both World Wars the brigade was part of the 4th Infantry Division.

4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)
The 4th Infantry Division was a regular infantry division of the British Army with a very long history, seeing active service in the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign, the Crimean and Boer Wars and both World Wars. It was disbanded after the Second World War and reformed in the 1950s as an armoured formation before being disbanded and reformed again and finally disbanded on 1 January 2012.
Holy Deadlock
Holy Deadlock is a 1934 satirical novel by the English author A. P. Herbert, which aimed to highlight the perceived inadequacies and absurdities of contemporary divorce law. The book took a particularly lenient view of the need for divorces, which it characterised as "a relief from misfortune, not a crime", and demonstrated how the current system created an environment which encouraged the participants to commit perjury and adultery. The book was a major element in the popular debate about the liberalisation of divorce law in the mid-1930s, and helped pave the way for the 1937 statutory reforms.

Matrimonial Causes Act 1937
The Matrimonial Causes Act 1937 (1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6. c. 57) is a law on divorce in the United Kingdom. It extended the grounds for divorce, which until then only included adultery, to include unlawful desertion for three years or more, cruelty, and incurable insanity, incest or sodomy.

Apart from the Church of England, its associated Mothers' Union, and the Roman Catholic Church, there was broad support for divorce law liberalisation, for this legislation had not been significantly amended since the passage of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 – when adjudication had been removed from church courts and placed before secular courts.
Sitting
Sitting is a basic action and resting position in which the body weight is supported primarily by the bony ischial tuberosities with the buttocks in contact with the ground or a horizontal surface such as a chair seat, instead of by the lower limbs as in standing, squatting or kneeling. When sitting, the torso is more or less upright, although sometimes it can lean against other objects for a more relaxed posture.

Sitting for much of the day may pose significant health risks, with one study suggesting people who sit regularly for prolonged periods may have higher mortality rates than those who do not.  The average person sits down for 4.7 hours per day, according to a global review representing 47% of the global adult population.

The form of kneeling where the buttocks sit back on the heels, for example as in the Seiza and Vajrasana postures, is also often interpreted as sitting.

Seiza
Seiza  (正座 or 正坐; せいざ SAY-zah; lit. 'proper sitting') is the formal, traditional way of sitting in Japan. It involves a specific positioning and posture in a kneeled position so as to convey respect, particularly toward elders. It developed among samurai during the Edo period and was later widely adopted by the public.

Seiza is associated with straw tatami flooring or zabuton pillows that allow for comfortable sitting, and it is commonly used in several Japanese practices, including Japanese martial arts and the Japanese tea ceremony. Sitting seiza-style is often difficult for people who are not accustomed to it or for the physically infirm, such as injured people and the elderly. Sitting seiza-style for long periods of time is associated with health problems, particularly those of the knees. Seiza may be compared to similar seated positions in other cultures, such as Indian Vajrasana.
The Open Group
The Open Group is a global consortium that seeks to "enable the achievement of business objectives" by developing "open, vendor-neutral technology standards and certifications." It has 900+ member organizations and provides a number of services, including strategy, management, innovation and research, standards, certification, and test development. It was established in 1996 when X/Open merged with the Open Software Foundation.

The Open Group is the certifying body for the UNIX trademark, and publishes the Single UNIX Specification technical standard, which extends the POSIX standards. The Open Group also develops and manages the TOGAF standard, which is an industry standard enterprise architecture framework.

Open Software Foundation
The Open Software Foundation, Inc. (OSF), was a not-for-profit industry consortium for creating an open standard for an implementation of the operating system Unix. It was formed in 1988 and merged with X/Open in 1996, to become The Open Group.

Despite the similarities in name, OSF was unrelated to the Free Software Foundation (FSF), or the Open Source Initiative (OSI).
Amaranth
Amaranthus is a genus of plants commonly known as amaranths. Some species are known by variants of the common name "pigweed". Some members are annual and others are perennial. The plant can grow from 1 to 2.5 metres (3 to 8 feet) tall with a succulent, hollow stem. Parts of the plant vary from green to reddish. Catkin-like cymes of densely packed flowers grow in the summer or fall.

There are 75 recognized species in the genus, some monoecious and some dioecious. The name amaranth was originally applied to the closely related genus Celosia. Amaranthus is cosmopolitan in tropical regions. Some species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals (with amaranth grain being collected), and ornamental plants.

Leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable. Those eaten raw in a salad can be called salad greens, whereas leaf vegetables eaten cooked can be called pot herbs.

Nearly 1,000 species of plants with edible leaves are known. Leaf vegetables most often come from short-lived herbaceous plants, such as lettuce and spinach, but also come from some woody plants. The leaves of many fodder crops (e.g. alfalfa, clover, and most grasses) are also edible by humans, but usually only as famine or processed food.

Leaf vegetables contain many typical plant nutrients, but being photosynthetic tissues, their vitamin K levels are particularly notable. Accordingly, users of vitamin K antagonist medications like warfarin must limit their consumption of leaf vegetables.
Lytham Priory
Lytham Priory was an English Benedictine priory  in Lytham, Lancashire. It was founded between 1189 and 1194 by Richard Fitz Roger as a cell of Durham Priory. It was dedicated to Saint Cuthbert and lasted until Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries in 1530s. In the 18th century, a manor house, Lytham Hall, was built on the site of the priory.

Lytham Hall
Lytham Hall is an 18th-century Georgian country house in Lytham, Lancashire, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the centre of the town, in 78 acres (32 ha) of wooded parkland. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, the only one in the Borough of Fylde.
Macro-Puinavean languages
Macro-Puinavean is a hypothetical proposal linking some languages to the Nadahup family. The Puinave language is sometimes linked specifically with the Nadahup languages and Nukak-Kakwa group, as Puinave–Maku. Paul Rivet (1920) and other researchers proposed decades ago the hypothesis of a Puinave-Makú family. Later, Joseph Greenberg (1987) grouped the Puinave-Makú languages, together with the Tucano family, the Katukinan, Waorani and Ticuna languages in the Macro-Tukano trunk.

Puinave-Maku and the Jukude language (Maku of Auari) is sometimes connected to the Arutani–Sape languages (yet again also known as Maku) in a Kalianan branch, a connection which Kaufman (1990) finds "promising", but there is too little data on these languages to know for sure. Hodï has been proposed specifically as a sister of Puinave–Maku too.

Kaufman (1994: 60, 2007: 67–68) also adds Katukinan to the family.

Katukinan languages
Katukinan (Catuquinan) is a language family consisting of two languages in Brazil, Katukina-Kanamarí and the perhaps moribund Katawixi.  It is often not clear which names in the literature, which are generally tribal names and often correspond to dialects, refer to distinct languages. Indeed, they are close enough that some consider them all to be dialects of a single language, Kanamari.

Campbell (2012) notes that Adelaar "presents reasonably persuasive evidence that Harákmbut and Katukinan are genetically related."
SBB Cargo International
SBB Cargo International is a rail transport business founded in 2010 as a joint venture between SBB Cargo and Hupac. It was created to engage in the carriage of international rail freight across the European market.

Within six years of commencing operations, SBB Cargo International had demonstrated superior growth on its cross-border services in comparison to traditional domestic routes. The opening of the Gotthard Base Tunnel and Ceneri Base Tunnel, along with leasing of additional electric locomotives, has facilitated an expansion of the company's services. Dedicated subsidiaries, such as SBB Cargo Nederland, have been setup in to reduce reliance on third parties and to allow SBB Cargo International to handle a greater percentage of the work. The company has advocated for infrastructure owners to make numerous changes, such as to provide more frequent diversionary routes and to permit the running of longer trains, with the goal of improving efficiency.

Hupac
Hupac is a railway company in Switzerland. It primarily provides international intermodal freight shipment, but has also engaged in rolling stock procurement and leasing activities.

Founded in 1967 to challenge traditional road haulage, Hupac has progressively expanded its services. During 1976, the firm decided to start offering a rolling highway service which was later expanded internationally. During 1990, the company started organising shuttle trains, by 2011, its Shuttle Net service was operating 130 intermodal trains per day. Various long-distance freight routes have been operated, such as between Scandinavia and Italy, Spain and Russia, and the Netherlands and Romania. Hupac is a member of the UIRR.
Californians Against Hate
Californians Against Hate (CAH) is an American non-profit organization public-benefit corporation which works as a political watchdog organization.  It was founded in 2008 to draw attention to the major donors to qualify and pass California’s Proposition 8.  As the organization has grown, Californians Against Hate has evolved into leading boycotts of companies whose owners gave large contributions to Proposition 8.  They have also filed complaints with two state ethics commissions that have led to investigations of the LDS Church in California and the National Organization for Marriage in Maine.  Californians Against Hate has repeatedly called for a Congressional Investigation of the National Organization for Marriage due to its late and non reporting of its federal 990 income tax returns.

National Organization for Marriage
The National Organization for Marriage (NOM) is an American non-profit political organization established to work against the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States. It was formed in 2007 specifically to pass California Proposition 8, a state prohibition of same-sex marriage. The group has opposed civil union legislation and gay adoption, and has fought against allowing transgender individuals to use bathrooms that accord with their gender identity. Brian S. Brown has served as the group's president since 2010.
Potomac Nationals
The Potomac Nationals were a Minor League Baseball team of the Carolina League. They were located in Woodbridge, Virginia, and played their home games at Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium. After the 2019 season, the team relocated to Fredericksburg, Virginia, becoming the Fredericksburg Nationals.

Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium
Northwest Federal Field at Pfitzner Stadium, nicknamed "The Pfitz", is a stadium in the Coles Magisterial District of Prince William County, Virginia. It is primarily used for baseball, and was the home field of the Potomac Nationals before they relocated to Fredericksburg in 2020.  Built in 1984, the stadium is near the McCoart Government Center, the offices of the Prince William County Service Authority, and the Sean Connaughton Community Plaza.  It seats 6,000 people.
Sugar cane grower associations in Fiji
Sugar cane grower associations in Fiji represent sugar cane farmers−growers both in contemporary Fiji and have a long history in the preceding British Colony of Fiji. They served as trade unions to collectively negotiate with sugar mills.

Some of the Fijian sugar cane growers associations had provincially based areas of suppoer, as indicated by their names: Nadroga Fijian Cane Growers Association in Nadroga-Navosa Province, the Ra Fijian Cane Growers Association in Ra Province, and the Ba Fijian Cane Growers Association in Ba Province. Other regionally based unions include Labasa Kisan Sangh, the Rewa Planters Union, and the Southern Division Kisan Sangh.

Other groups were formed to provide leverage to ethnic sections of the community, such as Indians in Fiji and indigenous Fijian people.

Rewa Planters Union
Rewa Planters Union (also known as Rewa Cane Growers Union) was formed on 14 July 1943 at a meeting attended by 1500 cane farmers from Rewa Province, Fiji. The union was formed in reaction to the strike of cane farmers taking place in the Western Division. The government had appointed a commission to inquire into the farmers' grievances and the Rewa farmers wanted to send a representative to it. The union was led by Ram Krishna Chaudhary with Faiz Mohammed as Secretary.

From 1946, the union worked closely with a second union established in the Rewa cane growing area, the Southern Division Kisan Sangh under the leadership of Vishnu Deo. This co-operation was a far cry from the rivalry that existed between the Kisan Sangh and Maha Sangh, the two major unions in the Western Division.

The Rewa Planters Union took an active role in the negotiations for the 1950 cane contract. With the closure of the Nausori sugar mill in 1959, the union ceased to exist.
Soviet S-class submarine
The S class, also known as Srednyaya (Russian: Средняя, "medium"), was a class of medium submarines that were built between 1934 and 1948 for the Soviet Navy. A total of 55 S-class submarines were constructed at various shipyards in the Soviet Union. However, only 40 were completed. They were designed for oceanic operations in the Pacific and Arctic.

Unofficially nicknamed Stalinets (Russian: Сталинец, "follower of Stalin"; not to be confused with the submarine L-class L-2 Stalinets of 1931), boats of this class were the most successful and achieved the most significant victories among all Soviet submarines. They sank 82,770 gross register tons (GRT) of merchant shipping and seven warships, which accounts for about one-third of all tonnage sunk by Soviet submarines during the war.

Leninets-class submarine
The Leninets or L class were the second class of submarines to be built for the Soviet Navy. Twenty-five were built in four groups between 1931 and 1941. They were minelaying submarines and were based on the British L-class submarine, HMS L55, which was sunk during the British intervention in the Russian Civil War. Some experience from the previous Dekabrist-class submarines was also utilised. The boats were of the saddle tank type and mines were carried in two stern galleries as pioneered on the pre-war Russian submarine Krab (1912). These boats were considered successful by the Soviets. Groups 3 and 4 had more powerful engines and a higher top speed.
Chris Kent (character)
Christopher Kent (Lor-Zod) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Action Comics #844 (December 2006) and was created by Richard Donner, Geoff Johns, and Adam Kubert.

As the biological son of General Zod and Ursa, he is a Kryptonian and the foster son of Clark Kent (Superman) and his wife Lois Lane. He was later reinterpreted as a supervillain in DC Rebirth.

An adaptation of the villainous Lor-Zod appears in the animated series Young Justice, voiced by Phil Morris. Another interpretation of the character appears in the animated film Justice League: Gods and Monsters, voiced by Benjamin Bratt.

General Zod
Dru-Zod, better known as General Zod, is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Superman. The character, who first appeared in Adventure Comics #283 (April 1961), was created by Robert Bernstein and initially designed by George Papp. As a Kryptonian, he exhibits the same powers and abilities as Superman and is consequently viewed as one of his greatest enemies alongside Lex Luthor, Darkseid, and Brainiac. He is also well known for his catchphrase "Kneel before Zod!"

Originally bald and clean-shaven, Zod's look in popular culture was defined by the character's depiction by Terence Stamp in the films Superman (1978) and Superman II (1980). Eventually, the character was reintroduced to the DC Multiverse with black hair and a goatee similar to Stamp's portrayal. Zod was also portrayed by Michael Shannon in the DC Extended Universe films Man of Steel (2013), Batman v Superman (2016), and The Flash (2023).
Crofting
Crofting (Scottish Gaelic: croitearachd) is a form of land tenure and small-scale food production peculiar to the Scottish Highlands, the islands of Scotland, and formerly on the Isle of Man. Within the 19th-century townships, individual crofts were established on the better land, and a large area of poorer-quality hill ground was shared by all the crofters of the township for grazing of their livestock. In the 21st century, crofting is found predominantly in the rural Western and Northern Isles and in the coastal fringes of the western and northern Scottish mainland.

Croft (land)
A croft is a traditional Scottish term for a fenced or enclosed area of land. It is usually small and arable, and typically, though not always, includes a crofter's dwelling. A crofter is a person who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer in rural areas.

In Northern England, "crofter" was a term associated with tenant farming and rural employment. For example, in the textiles industry, it referred to someone who bleached cloth prior to dyeing by laying it out in fields known as "crofts".