hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Glasgow Herald Tournament
The Glasgow Herald Tournament (also known as the Gleneagles Tournament) was a British golf tournament played at Gleneagles from 1920 to 1927. The 1920 event had prize money of £650, then the largest ever in a British tournament. From 1921 the prize money was increased further, to 1,000 guineas (£1,050), a new record. The first prize increased from £160 to £200. From 1921 the event was often called the Glasgow Herald 1000 Guineas Tournament.

The tournament had an initial stroke play qualification followed by knock-out match play.

The first international match between Great Britain and the United States was played at Gleneagles on 6 June 1921, the day before the start of the 1921 event.

Although Gleneagles was open for golf in 1919, the Gleneagles Hotel was not opened until June 1924, just prior to the 1924 event.

Gleneagles Hotel
Gleneagles Hotel is a hotel near Auchterarder, Scotland. It was commissioned by the Caledonian Railway and opened in 1924. The bandleader Henry Hall performed at the hotel before the Second World War during which it served as a military hospital. There are three tournament-standard golf courses in the grounds and the hotel was redeveloped for the 40th Ryder Cup in 2014. Significant conferences at the hotel have included the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1977 and the 31st G8 summit in July 2005. It is a Category B listed building.
Psophodidae
Psophodidae is a family of passerine birds native to Australia and nearby areas. It has a complicated taxonomic history and different authors vary in which birds they include in the family. In the strictest sense, it includes only the five or six species of whipbirds and wedgebills (Psophodes and Androphobus), but some authors also include the quail-thrushes (Cinclosoma), eight species of ground-dwelling birds found in Australia and New Guinea, and the jewel-babblers (Ptilorrhoa), three or four species found in rainforest in New Guinea. Others place them in their own family, the Cinclosomatidae.  The Malaysian rail-babbler (Eupetes macrocerus) was formerly sometimes placed in this family, which would then be called Eupetidae.

Papuan whipbird
The Papuan whipbird (Androphobus viridis) is a little-known and unobtrusive species of bird in the family Psophodidae. It is monotypic within the genus Androphobus. It is found in Western New Guinea.

It is currently classified as Least concern. This is probably due to the fact that it is very secretive, and, despite not being too restricted, thinly spread throughout its range; it is likely to be overlooked unless singing. It is apparently insectivorous.
Rathnew
Rathnew (Irish: Ráth Naoi, meaning 'ringfort of Naoi') is a village in County Wicklow, Ireland. Located south of the capital Dublin along the M11 between Dublin and Wexford, it is close to the county town of Wicklow, which is situated 3 km (1.9 mi) to the east. The village is in a civil parish of the same name.

Wicklow
Wicklow (/ˈwɪkloʊ/ WIK-loh; Irish: Cill Mhantáin [ˌciːl̠ʲ ˈwan̪ˠt̪ˠaːnʲ], meaning 'church of the toothless one'; Old Norse: Víkingaló)  is the county town of County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on the east coast of Ireland, south of Dublin. According to the 2022 census, it had a population of 12,957 people. The town is to the east of the M11 route between Dublin and Wexford. It also has railway links to Dublin, Wexford, Arklow, and Rosslare Europort. There is also a commercial port for timber and textile imports. The River Vartry is the main river flowing through the town.
BA.3.2
BA.3.2 is a heavily mutated Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The variant was descended from an ancestral version of Omicron Subvariant BA.3 that had not circulated since early 2022. BA.3.2 is notable for having more than 50 mutations on its spike protein relative to BA.3, and more than 70 spike mutations relative to the original Wuhan wildtype virus. The subvariant, which was first detected in a sample from South Africa on 22 November 2024, was found by researchers to be concerning, due to the sheer number of its mutations. By November 2025, the variant was found to be circulating in multiple countries, including Australia, Germany, and the United States. On 5 December 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared BA.3.2 to be a variant under monitoring (VUM). The variant was nicknamed Cicada by researchers, although the name remains unofficial.

Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are viruses that, while similar to the original, have genetic changes that are of enough significance to lead virologists to label them separately. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some have been stated to be of particular importance, due to their potential for increased transmissibility, increased virulence, or reduced effectiveness of vaccines against them. These variants contribute to the continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2.

As of 25 June 2025, the variants of interest as specified by the World Health Organization are JN.1, and the variants under monitoring are KP.3, KP.3.1.1, JN.1.18, LP.8.1, NB.1.8.1, XEC and XFG.
IFC (American TV channel)
IFC is an American basic cable channel owned by AMC Networks. Launched in 1994 as the Independent Film Channel, a spin-off of former sister channel Bravo, IFC originally operated as a commercial-free service, devoted to showing independent films without interruption. Starting in the late 2000s, the channel gradually moved its programming from independent films into comedy, horror, and cult television shows and films. IFC became an ad-supported service in 2010, and officially retired its full name in 2014.

AMC Networks operates a subsidiary known as IFC Films, the film offshoot of the channel that operates the IFC Center. In September 2018, it was estimated that approximately 75,295,000 American households (63% of households with television) received IFC. By December 2023, that number would drop to 56,185,000 households.

Bravo (American TV network)
Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Media Group division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. Since the 2000s, it has focused heavily on reality series targeted at 25-54 year-old women and the LGBTQ community at large. Its former sister channels are Nickelodeon and IFC, which are currently owned by Paramount Skydance Corporation and AMC Networks, respectively. As of November 2023, Bravo is available to approximately 70 million pay television households in the United States, down from its 2013 peak of 95 million households.
Doce de Mãe (TV series)
Doce de Mãe (English: Sweet Mother) is a Brazilian comedy-drama television series starring Fernanda Montenegro.

The series is a co-production of Globo and Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre, an independent production company. For her performance in the role of Picucha, Fernanda Montenegro was nominated to International Emmy Award for Best Actress. In 2013, Montenegro won the Award by the same role in the special shown in 2012, which gave rise to the series of the same name.

Doce de Mãe
Doce de Mãe (English: Sweet Mother) is a Brazilian television film release as a year-end special with 01 episode (season 1, 2012), and a limited series with 14 episodes (season 2, 2014) produced by Casa de Cinema de Porto Alegre and broadcast by Rede Globo on December 27, 2012. It was written and directed by Jorge Furtado and Ana Luiza Azevedo, and Fernanda Montenegro stars as Dona Picucha.
John Duncan Sr.
John James Duncan Sr. (March 24, 1919 – June 21, 1988) was an American attorney and Republican politician who represented Tennessee's 2nd congressional district in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1965 until his death in 1988.  He also served as Mayor of Knoxville, Tennessee, from 1959 to 1964, and as assistant attorney general of Knox County, from 1948 until 1956. He is the father of Congressman John J. "Jimmy" Duncan Jr., who succeeded him in Congress, and current Tennessee State Senator Becky Duncan Massey.

Jimmy Duncan (politician)
John James Duncan Jr. (born July 21, 1947) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 2nd congressional district from 1988 to 2019. An attorney, former Criminal Court judge, and former long serving member of the Army National Guard, published author and newspaper columnist. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Reformation in Zürich
The Reformation in Zürich was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrates of the city of Zürich and the princess abbess Katharina von Zimmern of the Fraumünster Abbey, and the population of the city of Zürich and agriculture-oriented population of the present Canton of Zürich in the early 1520s. It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy, and thus initiated the Reformation in Switzerland.

History of Zurich
Zurich has been continuously inhabited since Roman times. The vicus of Turicum was established in AD 90, at the site of an existing Gaulish (Helvetic) settlement.

Gallo-Roman culture appears to have persisted beyond the collapse of the Western empire in the 5th century, and it is not until the Carolingian period. A royal castle was built at the site of the Lindenhof, and monasteries are established at Grossmünster and Fraumünster.

Political power lay with these abbeys during medieval times, until the guild revolt in the 14th century which led to the joining of the Swiss Confederacy. Zurich was the focus of the Swiss Reformation led by Huldrych Zwingli, and it came to riches with silk industry in Early Modern times.
Hispidin
Hispidin is a natural substance. It can also be synthesized.

Hispidin 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be found in Pteris ensiformis whereas hispidin derivatives, such as phellibaumins, can be found in the edible mushroom Inonotus xeranticus or Phellinus.  Hispidin is a precursor of fungal luciferin, a compound responsible for light emission by luminous mushrooms.

Phellibaumin
Phellibaumins are hispidin derivatives isolated from the fungus Phellinus. Five such derivatives have been identified, designated as phellibaumins A through E. Phellibaumins A and B are classified as pyranones, while phellibaumins C, D, and E are classified as styrylpyranones.

Phellibaumin A was also identified as being produced by the fungus Inonotus hispidus, and phellibaumins B and C were identified in Sanghuangporus vaninii. Phellibaumin E is of interest to medical researchers due to potential anti-dementia effects.
WS21200
The WS21200 is a large transporter erector launcher built and developed in the People's Republic of China. Like the WS51200, the WS21200 is not actually used by the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force, instead, the primary customer is Pakistan. The WS21200 along with the WS51200, is one of the larger TELs developed by the Wanshan Special Vehicle.

The size of the WS21200 allows it to carry ICBMs, however, the technological limitations of Pakistan has forced the WS21200 to mount medium-range ballistic missiles such as the Shaheen-III.

WS51200
The WS51200 is an extremely large heavy goods vehicle built by Wanshan Special Vehicle in China, converted by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea into a single-use transporter erector launcher (TEL). The WS51200 is one of the largest in the WS family of transport trucks and TELs. The size of the WS51200 allows it to carry intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

Despite being made in China, North Korea remains the only military user of these vehicles.
João Brenha
João Carlos Brenha Alves Pereira (born May 6, 1970 in Espinho) is a beach volleyball player from Portugal, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996. He ended up in fourth place in Atlanta (1996) and Sydney (2000), alongside Miguel Maia, after having lost the bronze medal match against the German couple Axel Hager / Jörg Ahmann.

Miguel Maia
Luis Miguel Barbosa Maia (born April 23, 1971 in Paranhos) is a beach volleyball player from Portugal, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996. He ended up in fourth place in Atlanta (1996) and in Sydney (2000), alongside João Brenha, after having lost the bronze medal match against the German couple Axel Hager / Jörg Ahmann. He currently plays for Sporting CP.
Oklahoma State Highway 99
State Highway 99 (SH-99) is a north–south state highway through central Oklahoma. It runs from the Texas state line at Lake Texoma to the Kansas state line near Lake Hulah. It is 241.5 miles (388.7 km) long. The highway overlaps U.S. Highway 377 (US-377) for over half its length.

SH-99 continues as K-99 after crossing the border into Kansas. This road continues for 233 miles (375 km) to the Nebraska border, where it becomes Nebraska Highway 99, which lasts an additional 14 miles (23 km). Thus, SH-99 is part of a triple-state highway numbered "99", which lasts a total of 488 miles (785 km).

SH-99 began as SH-48, a short highway connecting Ada to Holdenville. This highway was gradually expanded until it became a border-to-border route. In 1938, it was renumbered to match K-99, which was renumbered from K-11 the same day.

Oklahoma State Highway 48
State Highway 48 (abbreviated SH-48) is a state highway in eastern Oklahoma that runs nearly 159.1 miles (256.0 km) from Bryan County to Pawnee County. SH-48 has one lettered spur, SH-48A, in Johnston County.
School of Literature, Media, and Communication
The School of Literature, Media, and Communication (LMC) is one of six units of the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The School focuses primarily on interdisciplinary approaches to the humanities, social sciences, and science/technology to provide "Humanistic Perspectives in a Technological World."

Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts
The Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts is a college of the Georgia Institute of Technology, a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It is one of the six academic units at the university and named for former two-term Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen Jr., a Georgia Tech alumnus (Commerce, 1933) and advocate for the advancement of civil rights in America.
Philippine hanging parrot
The Philippine hanging parrot (Loriculus philippensis), also commonly known as the colasisi from its local Tagalog name "kulasisi", is a small psittaculid parrot species endemic to the Philippines. It includes about 9 subspecies but formerly included the Camiguin hanging parrot and the Black-billed hanging parrot which have seen been recognized as distinct species. While it is listed as Least Concern in IUCN, some subspecies, such as L. p. chyrsonotus of Cebu and L. p. siquijorensis of Siquijor, may already be extinct. The species is threatened by habitat loss, but a bigger threat is trapping for the illegal wildlife trade; wild-caught birds are often sold as pets in streets and online selling groups.

Camiguin hanging parrot
The Camiguin hanging parrot (Loriculus camiguinensis) is a hanging parrot endemic to the Philippine island of Camiguin, where its habitat is diminishing.  The taxonomy of this population of parrots on Camiguin is uncertain. While it has yet to be assessed by the IUCN Red List, it is believed that this species is threatened and is declining primarily due to the cagebird trade.
Gustav Kasselstrand
Gustav Mattias Anton Kasselstrand (born 27 June 1987) is a Swedish politician who co-founded the Alternative for Sweden (AfS) in 2018. He was chairman of the Sweden Democratic Youth (SDU) from 2011 to 2015 and served as political secretary to the Sweden Democrats in the Riksdag from 2011 to 2012. Kasselstrand was expelled from the Sweden Democrats on 27 April 2015 but remained chairman of the SDU until 12 September 2015, when Jessica Ohlson succeeded to the post and the Sweden Democrats subsequently cut ties with their youth league.

Alternative for Sweden
Alternative for Sweden (Swedish: Alternativ för Sverige, AfS) is a far-right political party in Sweden. It was founded in March 2018 by Gustav Kasselstrand and William Hahne, along with other members of the Sweden Democratic Youth, who were collectively expelled from the Sweden Democrats in 2015. It advocates the forced remigration of immigrants and Sweden's withdrawal from the European Union.

AfS ran in the general elections of 2018 and 2022, but failed to enter the Riksdag. With 0.26% of the vote, AfS is the second largest party without representation in the Riksdag. In the 2019 European Parliament election in Sweden, the party ran on an anti-EU platform, receiving 0.46% of the vote. In November 2020, AfS announced its intention to run in the 2021 election to the Church of Sweden council. It won 1.26% of the votes, giving it three seats in the Church council.
Nodosaurus
Nodosaurus (meaning 'knobbed lizard') is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous, the fossils of which are found exclusively in the Frontier Formation in Wyoming.

Nodosauridae
Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods in what is now Asia, Europe, North America, and possibly South America. While traditionally regarded as a monophyletic clade as the sister taxon to the Ankylosauridae, some analyses recover it as a paraphyletic grade leading to the ankylosaurids.
Shepley
Shepley is a village in the civil parish of Kirkburton, in Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It lies 8 miles (13 km) south south east of Huddersfield and 6 miles (9.7 km) north west of Penistone.

In the 2011 census the population of Shepley and Birdsedge was 2,851.

Today, residents of Shepley have created a monthly magazine free to all who live there, named Shepley Magazine.

Kirkburton
Kirkburton is a village, civil parish and ward in Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is 5 miles (8 km) south-east of Huddersfield. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the township comprised the villages of Kirkburton and Highburton and several hamlets, including Thunder Bridge, Thorncliffe, Storthes Hall and Linfit. According to the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 26,439, while the village had a population of 4,299.
Zuwarah
Zuwarah, Zuwara, or Zwara (Berber languages: ⴰⵣⵡⴰⵔ; Arabic: زوارة) is a coastal city in north-western Libya.

Zuwara is primarily inhabited by indigenous Berber people of Libya. The local Berber dialect, known locally as Awal m at-willul, is commonly spoken as a first language by the inhabitants of Zuwara.

Zuwara is famous for its beaches and seafood. It is situated 102 km (63 mi) west of Tripoli and 60 km (37 mi) from the Tunisian border. It is the capital of the Nuqat al Khams district. Zuwarah consists of 49 districts.

Zuwara Berber
Zuwara Berber or Twillult language (also: Zuara, Zwara, (Berber name: Awal m at-Willul, ⵝⵡⵉⵍⵍⵓⵍⵝ) is a Berber dialect, one of the Berber Zenati languages. It is spoken in Zuwara city, located on the coast of western Tripolitania in northwestern Libya.

Several works of Terence Mitchell, most notably Zuaran Berber (Libya): Grammar and texts, provide an overview of the language's grammar along with a set of texts, based mainly on the speech of his consultant Ramadan Azzabi. Some articles on this subject were also published by Luigi Serra.

The speakers refer to their specific variety of the language as Awal m at-Willul ‘the language of Willul’, and the word "Mazigh" /ˈma.ziʁ/ may refer both to the wider Amazigh language or to any Amazigh person.  Although rare for a Berber idiom, the masculine form is used to refer to the language.

Ethnologue considers this language a dialect of Nafusi, although the two belong to different branches of Berber according to Kossmann (1999).
Bowers Mountains
Bowers Mountains (71°10′S 163°15′E﻿ / ﻿71.167°S 163.250°E﻿ / -71.167; 163.250﻿ (Bowers Mountains)) is a group of north–south trending mountains in Antarctica, about 90 nautical miles (170 km; 100 mi) long and 35 nautical miles (65 km; 40 mi) wide, bounded by the coast on the north and by the Rennick Glacier, Canham Glacier, Black Glacier and Lillie Glacier in other quadrants.
They are west of the Usarp Mountains, north of the Freyberg Mountains, northeast of the Concord Mountains, east of the Anare Mountains.

Anare Mountains
The Anare Mountains (70°55′S 166°00′E﻿ / ﻿70.917°S 166.000°E﻿ / -70.917; 166.000﻿ (Anare Mountains)) are a large group of mainly snow-covered peaks and ridges along the northern coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica. 
The group is bounded on the north and east by the Pacific Ocean, on the west by Lillie Glacier, and on the south by Ebbe Glacier and Dennistoun Glacier. 
They are north of the Concord Mountains and east of the Bowers Mountains.
Julian Hill (politician)
Julian Christopher Hill (born 1973) is an Australian politician. He is a member of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2016, representing the Victorian seat of Bruce. He has been an assistant minister in the Albanese government since 2024.

Prior to his election to parliament, Hill served on the Port Phillip City Council from 1999 to 2005, including as the city's youngest mayor from 2000 to 2002. He subsequently worked as a public servant. Hill was elected to parliament at the 2016 federal election, succeeding Alan Griffin.

Alan Griffin (politician)
Alan Peter Griffin (born 23 February 1960) is an Australian lobbyist and former politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1993 to 2016, representing the Victorian seats of Corinella  and Bruce for the Australian Labor Party (ALP). He was a public servant, union organiser and ministerial adviser before entering parliament.
Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI (Latin: Urbanus VI; Italian: Urbano VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano (Italian pronunciation: [bartoloˈmɛːo priɲˈɲaːno]), was head of the Catholic Church from 8 April 1378 to his death, in October 1389. He was the last pope elected from outside the College of Cardinals. His pontificate began shortly after the end of the Avignon Papacy. It was marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, and Scotland recognizing Clement VII, based in Avignon, as the true pope.

Antipope Clement VII
Robert of Geneva (French: Robert de Genève; 1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Clement VII (French: Clément VII) by the cardinals who opposed Pope Urban VI and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism.

The son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, Robert became Archbishop of Cambrai and was made a cardinal in 1371. As legate, during the War of the Eight Saints, he is said to have authorized the massacre of over 2,000 civilians at Cesena in 1377. He was elected pope the following year by the cardinals who opposed Urban VI and established himself at Avignon.