hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
British Society for the History of Medicine
The British Society for the History of Medicine (BSHM) is an umbrella organisation of History of medicine societies throughout the United Kingdom, with particular representation to the International Society for the History of Medicine. It has grown from the original four affiliated societies in 1965; the Section for the History of Medicine, The Royal Society of Medicine, London, Osler Club of London, Faculty of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy and the Scottish Society of the History of Medicine, to twenty affiliated societies in 2018.

The society holds its congress biennially in centres around the UK, with the eponymous Poynter Lecture, named after librarian and medical historian F. N. L. Poynter, being held on alternate years in London.

Osler Club of London
The Osler Club of London, founded in 1928, is a medical society with the purpose of encouraging the study of history of medicine, particularly amongst medical students, and to keep "green the memory of Sir William Osler". Membership in the club is open to medical professionals, medical students, persons associated with the history of medicine and in allied sciences.
Horse slaughter
Horse slaughter is the practice of slaughtering horses to produce meat for consumption. Humans have long consumed horse meat; the oldest known cave art, the 30,000-year-old paintings in France's Chauvet Cave, depict horses with other wild animals hunted by humans. Equine domestication is believed to have begun to raise horses for human consumption. The practice has become controversial in some parts of the world due to several concerns: whether horses are (or can be) managed humanely in industrial slaughter; whether horses not raised for consumption yield safe meat, and whether it is appropriate to consume what some view as a companion animal.

Horse meat
Horse meat forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many countries, particularly in Europe and Asia. The eight countries that consume the most horse meat consume the meat from about 4.3 million horses a year. For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.
Colne Valley
The Colne Valley /ˈkoʊn/ is a steep sided valley on the east flank of the Pennine Hills in the English county of West Yorkshire. It takes its name from the River Colne which rises above the town of Marsden and flows eastward  towards Huddersfield.

The name is used to describe that section of the valley between its source and Huddersfield at the point where the River Holme joins the Colne. The name can describe the whole valley of the Colne, including the section through Huddersfield its confluence with the River Calder at Cooper Bridge. Using the more common definition, the Colne Valley includes the towns and villages of Marsden, Slaithwaite, Linthwaite, Milnsbridge, Scapegoat Hill, Longwood and Golcar.

Golcar
Golcar (pronounced /ˈɡoʊkər/) is a village on a hillside crest above the Colne Valley in the Kirklees district, in West Yorkshire, England, 3 miles (5 km) west of Huddersfield, and just north of the River Colne and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.

The 2021 population census lists the village as having 18,725 permanent residents. The main transport access is from the A62 (Manchester Road), through Milnsbridge in the valley bottom or via Scapegoat Hill from the A640 (New Hey Road) at the top of the hill.

The township of Golcar consists of Bolster Moor, Golcar, Wellhouse, Pole Moor and Scapegoat Hill.
Old Mill Creek (Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio)
Old Mill Creek is a 2.3-mile-long (3.7 km) year-round stream in southern Marin County, California, United States. Old Mill Creek is a tributary to Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio, which, in turn, flows to Richardson Bay at Mill Valley's municipal Bayfront Park and 106 acres (0.43 km2) Bothin Marsh.

Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio
Arroyo Corte Madera del Presidio is a 4.1-mile-long (6.6 km) year-round stream in southern Marin County, California, United States. This watercourse is also known as Corte Madera Creek, although the actual stream of that name flows into San Francisco Bay further north at Point San Quentin. This watercourse has a catchment basin of about 8 square miles (21 km2) and drains the south-eastern slopes of Mount Tamalpais and much of the area in and around the town of Mill Valley; this stream discharges to Richardson Bay.
Series 90 (software platform)
The Series 90 (S90, formerly Hildon) is a platform for mobile phones that use the Symbian operating system (OS). It was developed by Nokia together with Psion. It was released in 2003 and was to be the platform for the Nokia 7700 which was cancelled, but S90 made it to market eventually in the Nokia 7710.

Nokia discontinued Series 90 as a platform, but merged its technology into S60. Although only one production Series 90 device was made, a form of the graphical user interface (GUI) continued on as Nokia's Hildon user interface in the Maemo shipped with Nokia Internet Tablets.

S60 (software platform)
The S60 Platform, originally named Series 60 User Interface, is a discontinued software platform and graphical user interface for smartphones that runs on top of the Symbian operating system. It was created by Nokia based on the 'Pearl' interface from Symbian Ltd. S60 was introduced at COMDEX in November 2001 and first shipped with the Nokia 7650 smartphone; the original version was followed by three other major releases.

In 2008 after Nokia bought out Symbian Ltd., the Symbian Foundation was formed to consolidate all the assets of different Symbian platforms (S60, UIQ, MOAP), making it open source. In 2009, based on the code base of S60, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of Symbian Foundation was launched as S60 5th Edition, or Symbian^1, on top of Symbian OS 9.4 as its base. Subsequent iterations dropped the S60 brand and were named solely under the Symbian name.
BMW Z1
The BMW Z1 is a sports car which was produced in limited numbers by German manufacturer BMW from 1989 to 1991. It is the first model in BMW's line of Z series roadsters (two-seater convertibles).

The Z1 is unique for its plastic body panels and vertically sliding doors which drop into the door sills. It is one of the first BMWs to use a multi-link rear suspension. The sole drivetrain specification is the 2.5-litre straight-six engine and 5-speed manual transmission from the E30 325i.

In 1995, the Z1's successor, the mass-produced Z3, began production.

BMW 3 Series (E30)
The BMW E30 is the second generation of BMW 3 Series, which was produced from 1982 to 1994 and replaced the E21 3 Series. The model range included 2-door saloon (sometimes referred to as a coupé) and convertible body styles, as well as being the first 3 Series to be produced in 4-door saloon and wagon/estate body styles. It was powered by four-cylinder petrol, six-cylinder petrol and six-cylinder diesel engines, the latter a first for the 3 Series. The E30 325iX model was the first BMW to have all-wheel drive.

The first BMW M3 model was built on the E30 platform and was powered by the high-revving BMW S14 four-cylinder petrol engine. The BMW Z1 roadster was also based on the E30 platform. Following the launch of the E36 3 Series in 1990, the E30 began to be phased out.
Mont Orgueil
Mont Orgueil (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ ɔʁɡœj]; French for 'Mount Pride') is a castle in Jersey that overlooks the harbour of Gorey; a port on the east coast of the Island. It is known as Gorey Castle by English-speakers, and the "Old Castle" (lé Vièr Châté) by Jèrriais-speakers. The castle was first referred to as 'Mont Orgeuil' in an ordnance survey made in 1462, when the castle was under French occupation in the Late Middle Ages.: 38  The castle was the seat of royal authority on Jersey throughout the medieval period and served as the main fortress on the Island until the construction of Elizabeth Castle in 1594. It is classified as a Grade I listed building.

Elizabeth Castle
Elizabeth Castle (Norman: Lé Châté Lîzabé) is a castle and tourist attraction, on a tidal island within the parish of Saint Helier, Jersey. Construction was started in the 16th century when the power of the cannon meant that the existing stronghold at Mont Orgueil was insufficient to defend the Island and the port of St Helier was vulnerable to attack by ships armed with cannons.

It is named after Elizabeth I who was queen of England around the time the castle was built.
Syrian Revolutionaries Front
The Syrian Revolutionaries Front (Arabic: جبهة ثوار سوريا, Jabhat Thowar Suriya, SRF, also translated Syrian Rebel Front) was an alliance of 14 relatively moderate religious and some secular armed groups fighting under the banner of the Free Syrian Army, formed in December 2013, thus according to Arutz Sheva (an Israeli media network) further sidelining the FSA and its leadership Supreme Military Council. It was established as a response to the merger of Islamist Syrian rebels into the Islamic Front.

The group was known to receive Israeli support alongside several other Syrian opposition factions such as Fursan al-Joulan, Firqat Ahrar Nawa, Jaysh al-Ababil, Jaydour Horan Brigade, Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam Brigade, Omar Bin Al-Khattab Brigade, Al-Haramein Battalion, Alwiya al-Furqan, Saif al-Sham Brigade, Jabhat Ansar al-Islam, Ahrar Gathering and others.

Alwiya al-Furqan
Alwiya al-Furqan or Al-Furqan Brigades (Arabic: ألوية الفرقان, Criterion Brigades) was an Islamist rebel group involved in the Syrian Civil War. It claimed to be the largest Islamist rebel faction that operated in the eastern Quneitra Governorate and Damascus. The group also held ties with Jordan which allowed fighters from the group to cross into the country to receive medical aid.
Cleveland Women's Orchestra
The Cleveland Women's Orchestra is an American orchestra made up entirely of female musicians, based in Cleveland, Ohio.  It was founded in 1935 and performed its first concert in 1936.  It is one of the oldest women's orchestra in the world after the Orchestre féminin de Paris (founded in 1930).

The orchestra's music director from its founding was Hyman Schandler. Schandler, also a violinist in the Cleveland Orchestra, continued as conductor into the 1980s. He was followed by Robert Cronquist, and Jungho Kim. The current music director is Eric Benjamin.

Cleveland Orchestra
The Cleveland Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.  Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, the orchestra is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the "Big Five".  The orchestra plays most of its concerts at Severance Music Center. Its current music director is Franz Welser-Möst.
Abangan
The Abangan are Javanese people who are Muslims and practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri. The term, apparently derived from the Javanese language word for red, abang, was first developed by Clifford Geertz, but the meaning has since shifted. Abangan are more inclined to follow a local system of beliefs called adat and Kebatinan than pure Sharia (Islamic law). Their belief system integrates Hinduism, Buddhism and animism. However, some scholars hold that what has classically been viewed as Indonesian variance from Islam is often a part of that faith in other countries. For example, Martin van Bruinessen notes similarity between adat and historical practice among Muslims in Egypt as described by Edward Lane.

Kejawèn
Kejawèn (Javanese: ꦏꦗꦮꦺꦤ꧀, romanized: Kajawèn) or Javanism, also known as Kebatinan, Agama Jawa lit. 'Javanese Religion', and Kepercayaan lit. 'Belief', is a Javanese cultural tradition, consisting of an amalgam of animistic, Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic aspects. It is rooted in Javanese history and religiosity, syncretizing aspects of different religions and traditions.
Forty Fort, Pennsylvania
Forty Fort is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 4,233 at the 2020 census. Its neighbors are Wyoming (to the north), Plains Township (to the east), Kingston (to the south), and Swoyersville (to the west). The Wilkes-Barre Wyoming Valley Airport and the Wyoming Seminary Lower School are both located in the borough.

Wyoming, Pennsylvania
Wyoming is a borough in the Greater Pittston area of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located 5 miles (8 km) north of Wilkes-Barre, along the Susquehanna River. The population was 3,097 as of the 2020 census.
Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve
The Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve System or DMRS (Hifahdi Akiba  Bahari ya Dar es Salaam, in Swahili) is a group of   marine parks of Tanzania, with the IUCN category II located within Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania.  The reserve system consists of nine uninhabited islands, four located north of Dar es Salaam's Kinondoni District; (Bongoyo, Mbudya, Pangavini and Fungu Yasini) and four south of the city Makatumbi Islands, Kimbubu Island,  Sinda Island and Kendwa Island in Kigamboni District. It provides protection for several important tropical ecosystems; coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds.

Bongoyo Island
Bongoyo Island (Kisiwa cha Bongoyo, in Swahili) is a protected, uninhabited island under the Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve with the IUCN category II located within Kinondoni District of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania. The island situated 2.5 km north of the country's largest city, Dar es Salaam in the indian Ocean. It is the most frequently visited of the four islands of the Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve System (DMRS) and a popular daytrip for both tourists and Tanzanian residents alike for snorkelling and sunbathing. North of the island is Mbudya Island and to the west is Pangavini Island. The island is home to some of Tanzania's largest specimens of endangered coconut crabs.
Manganokhomyakovite
Manganokhomyakovite is a very rare mineral of the eudialyte group, with the chemical formula Na12Sr3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi(Si9O27)2(Si3O9)2O(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl)2. This formula is in extended form (based on the original one), to show the presence of cyclic silicate groups and domination of silicon at the M4 site, basing on the nomenclature of the eudialyte group. Some niobium substitutes for tungsten in khomyakovite. As suggested by its name, manganokhomyakovite is a manganese-analogue of khomyakovite, the latter being more rare. The two minerals are the only group representatives, beside taseqite, with species-defining strontium, although many other members display strontium diadochy. Manganokhomyakovite is the third eudialyte-group mineral with essential tungsten (after johnsenite-(Ce) and khomyakovite).

Johnsenite-(Ce)
Johnsenite-(Ce) is a very rare mineral of the eudialyte group, with the chemical formula Na12(Ce,La,Sr,Ca,[ ])3Ca6Mn3Zr3WSi(Si9O27)2(Si3O9)2(CO3)O(OH,Cl)2. The original formula was extended to show the presence of both the cyclic silicate groups and silicon at the M4 site, according to the nomenclature of the eudialyte group. It is the third eudialyte-group mineral with essential tungsten (after khomyakovite and manganokhomyakovite), and second with essential rare earth elements (after zirsilite-(Ce), which is the niobium-analogue of johnsenite-(Ce)). In fact, some niobium substitutes for tungsten in johnsenite-(Ce). Other characteristic feature is the presence of essential carbonate group, shared with carbokentbrooksite, golyshevite, mogovidite and zirsilite-(Ce).
Endless Space
Endless Space is a 4X turn-based strategy video game developed by Amplitude Studios and originally published by Iceberg Interactive. It was released on 4 July 2012, for Microsoft Windows and 31 August for Mac OS X. In the game, the player takes charge of fictional Space Age civilizations, expanding their influence by colonization and conquest. Endless Space earned the Unity Golden Cube award in 2013. The game's sequel, Endless Space 2, was released in 2017.

The game's publishing rights is currently held by Sega after their acquisition of Amplitude Studios.

Endless Space 2
Endless Space 2 is a turn-based strategy 4X game developed by Amplitude Studios and published by Sega. It is the sequel to Endless Space, which was released in 2012. The game had been made available through Steam's early access program since October 2016. It was released on 18 May 2017, and received positive reviews.
Fergie's Fledglings
Fergie's Fledglings were a group of football players recruited by Manchester United under the management of Sir Alex Ferguson (often nicknamed "Fergie") and trained by assistant coaches Brian Kidd and Eric Harrison, before eventually progressing to the first team during the 1990s. The most successful generation of the Fledglings was also known as the Class of '92.

The alliteration in the term is a homage to the Busby Babes, the famously youthful Manchester United team assembled by the club's former manager Sir Matt Busby and his assistant coach Jimmy Murphy during the 1950s.

Busby Babes
The "Busby Babes" were the group of footballers, recruited and trained by Manchester United chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, who progressed from the club's youth team into the first team under the management of the eponymous Matt Busby from the late 1940s and throughout the 1950s. The squad most associated with the name "babes" was that of the 1957–58 season, many of whom died in the 1958 Munich air disaster, and who, with an average age of 22, had been touted to dominate European football for the next few years.
Fishguard & Goodwick Marina
The Fishguard & Goodwick Marina is a planned development within the harbour of the Welsh towns of Fishguard and Goodwick in Pembrokeshire, south-west Wales. In April 2012 Pembrokeshire County Council revealed that they had given outline planning permission for the development of a marina to be located in the small town of Goodwick within Fishguard Harbour. The initial planning application was submitted to Pembrokeshire County Council in October 2011 by Conygar who wish to invest £100 million into the project.

Goodwick
Goodwick (/ˈɡʊdɪk/; Welsh: Wdig) is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, immediately west of its twin town of Fishguard.

Fishguard and Goodwick form a community that wraps around Fishguard Bay. As well as the two towns, it consists of Dyffryn, Stop-and-Call, Harbour Village, Lower Town, and Penyraber. A Goodwick electoral ward exists covering the town with a total population of 1,988 at the 2011 census.
Myprotein
Myprotein is a British bodybuilding supplement brand which has developed into a family of brands, including Myvitamins, Myvegan and MP Activewear. It was founded in 2004 by Oliver Cookson and bought by The Hut Group in 2011.

THG plc
THG plc, an initialism of its original name The Hut Group, is a global retailer and brand owner, headquartered in Manchester, England, operating through two predominantly online consumer businesses: THG Beauty and THG Nutrition.

In January 2025, THG plc demerged its technology and logistics arm, THG Ingenuity, into a privately owned, stand-alone business. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
Earley
Earley (/ˈɜːrli/ ⓘ UR-lee) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham, Berkshire, England. Along with the neighbouring town of Woodley, the Office for National Statistics places Earley within the Reading/Wokingham Urban Area; for the purposes of local government it falls within the Borough of Wokingham, outside the area of Reading Borough Council. Its name is sometimes spelt Erleigh or Erlegh and consists of a number of smaller areas, including Maiden Erlegh and Lower Earley, and lies some 3 miles (5 km) south and east of the centre of Reading, and some 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Wokingham. It had a population of 32,036 at the 2011 Census.

The main campus of the University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, lies partly in Earley and partly in the borough of Reading.

Woodley, Berkshire
Woodley is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Wokingham, in Berkshire, England. Woodley is 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Reading and adjoined to Earley which is 2 miles (3.2 km) to the west of the town and Woodley is 5 miles (8 km) from Wokingham. Nearby are the villages of Sonning, Twyford, Winnersh, Hurst and Charvil.
Caroline Chisholm (play)
Caroline Chisolm is an Australian stage play by George Landen Dann. It debuted in 1939 as The Second Moses then was revised under its new title.

It was his most successful historical play , a biographical work about a significant Australian colonial figure for her work in reforming the ways immigrant women were treated in Sydney. The play is noted as his most socially conventional plays and its success was no doubt due to the fact that the public found it edifying as well as entertaining. Based on the life of Caroline Chisholm, whose portrait appeared on the 1967 Australian Five Dollar Note., the play was first produced as A Second Moses by the Brisbane Repertory Society in 1939, since then it has probably been produced more than any other one of Dann's plays.

The play was performed at Sydney's Independent Theatre in 1946.

It was published in 1944.

It was adapted for ABC Radio in 1951.

Caroline Chisholm
Caroline Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm; born Caroline Jones; 30 May 1808 – 25 March 1877) was an English humanitarian known mostly for her support of immigrant female and family welfare in Australia. She is commemorated on 16 May in the calendar of saints of the Church of England. Her path to sainthood within the Catholic Church has commenced; she had converted to Catholicism around the time of her marriage and reared her children as Catholic.
Blackwater Draw
Blackwater Draw is an intermittent stream channel about 140 km (87 mi) long, with headwaters in Roosevelt County, New Mexico, about 18 km (11 mi) southwest of Clovis, New Mexico, and flows southeastward across the Llano Estacado toward the city of Lubbock, Texas, where it joins Yellow House Draw to form Yellow House Canyon at the head of the North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River. It stretches across eastern Roosevelt County, New Mexico, and Bailey, Lamb, Hale, and Lubbock Counties of West Texas and drains an area of 1,560 sq mi (4,040 km2).

North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River
The North Fork Double Mountain Fork Brazos River is an intermittent stream about 75 mi (121 km) long, heading at the junction of Blackwater Draw and Yellow House Draw in the city of Lubbock, flowing generally southeastward to its mouth on the Double Mountain Fork Brazos River in western Kent County.  It crosses portions of Lubbock, Crosby, Garza, and Kent counties in West Texas.

The flowing waters of the North Fork carved Yellow House Canyon, one of three major canyons along the east side of the Llano Estacado.
2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing
The 2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing was a terrorist attack that took place at 6:30 p.m. local time on 22 February 2009 in Khan el-Khalili, a souq in eastern Cairo, Egypt, killing a 17-year-old French teenager and injuring 24 other people. It was the first of the February 2009 Cairo terrorist attacks.

February 2009 Cairo terrorist attacks
The February 2009 Cairo terrorist attacks were three incidents that took place in Cairo, Egypt from 22 February 2009 to 28 February 2009. Of three attacks, only the first was fatal, resulting in the death of a 17-year-old French teenager. The attacks appeared to have been directed variously at foreign tourists and Egyptian nationals alike. None of the attacks was described by Egyptian security officials as sophisticated. The motivation of at least two of the attacks was not clear, but the spate of violence came amid heightened tension following the 2008-2009 Israel-Gaza conflict, during which Egyptians had protested against their government's closure of the Rafah Border Crossing.