hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Barry Island
Barry Island (Welsh: Ynys y Barri) is a district, peninsula and seaside resort, forming part of the town of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales. It is named after the 6th century Saint Baruc. Barry's stretch of coast, on the Bristol Channel, has the world's second highest tidal range of 15 metres (49 ft), second only to the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Atlantic Canada.

The peninsula was an island until the 1870s when it was linked to the mainland as the town of Barry expanded. This was partly due to the opening of Barry Docks by the Barry Railway Company. Established by David Davies, the docks now link up the gap which used to isolate Barry Island.

Although Barry Island used to be home to a Butlins Holiday Camp, it is now known more for its beach and Barry Island Pleasure Park. It was used as a setting of the BBC TV shows Gavin & Stacey and Being Human.

Baruc
Baruc (Welsh: Barrwg Welsh pronunciation: [ˈbarʊɡ]; also known as Barruc, Barrog or Barry) was a 6th-century Welsh saint.

Saint Baruc, who was a disciple of Saint Cadoc, forgot to bring the latter's reading matter with him on a journey from the island of Flat Holm. Cadoc sent him back and he drowned in the Bristol Channel on the return journey. He was buried on Barry Island in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. The ruins of a chapel dedicated to him can still be seen in Friars Road, Barry Island. His feast day is 27 September.

Baruc gives his name to a Welsh-language primary school in Barry called "Ysgol Gymraeg Sant Baruc" and also the electoral borough in Barry known as the Baruc ward.
Dan Rosensweig
Dan Rosensweig is an American business executive who is chairman, president and former chief executive officer (CEO) of student services company Chegg. Previously, Rosensweig served as president and CEO of Guitar Hero; COO at Yahoo!; president of CNET, and president and CEO of ZDNet.

ZDNET
ZDNET is a business technology news website owned and operated by Ziff Davis. The brand was founded on April 1, 1991, as a general interest technology portal from Ziff Davis and evolved into an enterprise IT-focused online publication. After being under the ownership of CNET Networks (2000–2008), CBS Corporation/ViacomCBS (2008–2020), and Red Ventures (2020–2024), ZDNET was reacquired by Ziff Davis in August 2024. CNET was included in the acquisition as well.
Mladost Stadium (Kruševac)
Stadion Mladost (English: Youth Stadium) is a multi-use all-seated stadium in Kruševac, Serbia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Napredak Kruševac. The stadium has a seating capacity for 10,331 people. The stadium was the venue for the final of the 2011-12 Serbian Cup.

2011–12 Serbian Cup
The 2011–12 Serbian Cup season was the sixth season of the Serbian national football tournament.

The competition started on 31 August 2011 and concluded with the final on May 16, 2012.

The winner of the competition qualified for the second qualifying round of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League.
Sørkjosen Airport
Sørkjosen Airport (Norwegian: Sørkjosen lufthavn; IATA: SOJ, ICAO: ENSR) is a regional airport located at the village of Sørkjosen in Nordreisa Municipality in Troms county, Norway, about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) from the municipal center of Storslett. Owned and operated by the state-owned Avinor, it handled 15,198 passengers in 2014. The airport has a 880-meter (2,890 ft) runway and is served by Widerøe, which operates regional routes using the Dash 8-100 to Tromsø, and some communities and towns in Finnmark on public service obligation contracts. The airport opened in 1974 and was originally served using de Havilland Canada Twin Otter aircraft. Dash 8s were introduced in 1995 and two years later ownership was transferred from Nordreisa Municipality to the state.

Storslett
Storslett (Norwegian), Hánssagieddi (Northern Sami), or Hansinkenttä (Kven) is the administrative centre of Nordreisa Municipality in Troms county, Norway. The village is located at the southern end of the Reisafjorden along the mouth of the river Reisaelva. The 1.64-square-kilometre (410-acre) village has a population (2023) of 1,830 which gives the village a population density of 1,116 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,890/sq mi).

Nordreisa Church and Nordreisa's upper secondary school are located in Storslett. The small Sørkjosen Airport is located in the neighboring village of Sørkjosen, about 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northwest. The European route E6 highway passes through this village.

Storslett was completely destroyed during World War II in 1944 at the end of the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany; however, the village area was completely rebuilt and has had strong growth since the war.
Shire of Murgon
The Shire of Murgon was a local government area in the South Burnett region of Queensland, Australia. The shire covered an area of 664.7 square kilometres (256.6 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1914 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the South Burnett area to become the South Burnett Regional Council.

Major activities in the shire include peanuts, dairy farming, beef cattle production and wine.

Shire of Nanango
The Shire of Nanango was a local government area located in the South Burnett region of Queensland, Australia, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northwest of the capital, Brisbane. The Shire covered an area of 1,738.4 square kilometres (671.2 sq mi), and existed as a local government entity from 1879 until 2008, when it amalgamated with several other councils in the South Burnett area to become the South Burnett Regional Council.
Ning Ying
Ning Ying (born 1959 in Beijing) is a female Chinese film director often considered a member of China's "Sixth Generation" filmmaker coterie, a group that also includes Jia Zhangke, Zhang Yuan and Wang Xiaoshuai. However, this is more a result of a shared subject matter than anything else, as chronologically, Ning is closer to the earlier Fifth Generation. Her sister, the screenwriter Ning Dai, is a frequent collaborator and the wife of fellow director Zhang Yuan. In 1997, she was a member of the jury at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival.

Zhang Yuan (director)
Zhang Yuan (simplified Chinese: 张元; traditional Chinese: 張元; pinyin: Zhāng Yuán; born October 1963) is a Chinese film director who has been described by film scholars as a pioneering member of China's Sixth Generation of filmmakers. He and his films have won ten awards out of seventeen nominations received at international film festivals.
Theoretical definition
A theoretical definition defines a term in an academic discipline, functioning as a proposal to see a phenomenon in a certain way. A theoretical definition is a proposed way of thinking about potentially related events. Theoretical definitions contain built-in theories; they cannot be simply reduced to describing a set of observations. The definition may contain implicit inductions and deductive consequences that are part of the theory. A theoretical definition of a term can change, over time, based on the methods in the field that created it.

Without a falsifiable operational definition, conceptual definitions assume both knowledge and acceptance of the theories that it depends on. A hypothetical construct may serve as a theoretical definition, as can a stipulative definition.

Construct (philosophy)
In philosophy, a construct is an object which is ideal, that is, an object of the mind or of thought, meaning that its existence may be said to depend upon a subject's mind. This contrasts with any possibly mind-independent objects, the existence of which purportedly does not depend on the existence of a conscious observing subject. Thus, the distinction between these two terms may be compared to that between phenomenon and noumenon in other philosophical contexts and to many of the typical definitions of the terms realism and idealism also. In the correspondence theory of truth, ideas, such as constructs, are to be judged and checked according to how well they correspond with their referents, often conceived as part of a mind-independent reality.
Desmodus draculae
Desmodus draculae is an extinct species of vampire bat that inhabited Central and South America during the Pleistocene, and possibly the early Holocene. It was 30% larger than its living relative the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus). Fossils and unmineralized subfossils have been found in Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, Belize, and Bolivia.

Most records of D. draculae are from the late Pleistocene, but some are from the Holocene. A Desmodus canine tooth discovered in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina came from sediments dated at 300 years BP (ca. 1650 A.D.); this fossil was tentatively assigned to D. draculae.

Vampire bat
Vampire bats, members of the subfamily Desmodontinae, are leaf-nosed bats currently found in Central and South America. Their food source is the blood of other animals, a dietary trait called hematophagy. Three extant bat species feed solely on blood: the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), the hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata), and the white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi). Two extinct species of the genus Desmodus have been found in North America.
Wang Ya
Wang Ya (Chinese: 王涯; died December 17, 835), courtesy name Guangjin (廣津), formally Duke of Dai (代公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong and Emperor Xianzong's grandson Emperor Wenzong. During Emperor Wenzong's reign, he became involved in a major power struggle between imperial officials and eunuchs known as the Ganlu Incident, and he was killed (via waist chop) by the eunuchs along with three other chancellors, Li Xun, Jia Su, and Shu Yuanyu.

Waist chop
Waist chop or waist cutting (simplified Chinese: 腰斩; traditional Chinese: 腰斬; pinyin: Yāo zhǎn), also known as cutting in two at the waist, was a form of execution used in ancient China. As its name implies, it involved the condemned being sliced in two at the waist by an executioner.
Stargate (device)
A Stargate is a fictional Einstein–Rosen bridge portal device within the Stargate fictional universe that allows practical, point-to-point near instantaneous travel between two distant locations with an "address". The devices first appeared in the 1994 Roland Emmerich film Stargate, and thereafter in the television series Stargate SG-1, Stargate Infinity, Stargate Atlantis, Stargate Universe, and Stargate Origins, as well as the television films Stargate: The Ark of Truth and Stargate: Continuum. In these productions, the Stargate functions as a plot device, allowing the main characters to visit alien planets without the need for spaceships or any other type of technology. The device allows for near-instantaneous teleportation across both interstellar and extragalactic distances.

Stargate: The Ark of Truth
Stargate: The Ark of Truth is a 2008 American military science fiction film written and directed by Robert C. Cooper. It serves as a sequel to the television series Stargate SG-1 and stars its last regular cast. The film picks up after the SG-1 series finale but happens before the Stargate Atlantis third season finale.

The Ark of Truth was released direct-to-video on March 11, 2008, by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The Sci-Fi Channel premiered the film on television in the United States on March 27, 2009.

It is the first of two Stargate SG-1 direct-to-video films, the second one being Stargate: Continuum.
Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum
Thai Piranthal Vazhi Pirakkum (transl. The birth of Thai will pave the way for new opportunities) is a 1958 Indian Tamil-language satirical drama film, written directed and produced by A. K. Velan in his directorial debut. The film stars S. S. Rajendran and M. N. Rajam, with  Prem Nazir, Rajasulochana and V. K. Ramasamy in supporting roles. Released on 14 January 1958, it emerged a major commercial success, and was remade in Telugu as Manchi Manasuku Manchi Rojulu (1958), in Hindi as Barkha (1959), and in Kannada as Rowdy Ranganna (1968).

Barkha (film)
Barkha (transl. Monsoon) is a 1959 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Krishnan–Panju and produced by A. V. Meiyappan. It is a remake of the Tamil film Thai Pirandhal Vazhi Pirakkum (1958). The film stars Jagdeep and Nanda. It was a commercial success.
The Fifth Musketeer
The Fifth Musketeer is a 1979 German-Austrian film adaptation of the last section of the 1847–1850 novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later by Alexandre Dumas, père, which is itself based on the French legend of the Man in the Iron Mask. It was released in Europe with the alternative title Behind the Iron Mask.

It was directed by Ken Annakin, and stars Beau Bridges as the twins (Louis XIV and Philippe of Gascony), Sylvia Kristel as Maria Theresa, Ursula Andress as Louise de La Vallière, Cornel Wilde as Charles d'Artagnan, Ian McShane as Nicolas Fouquet, Rex Harrison as Jean-Baptiste Colbert (Philippe's tutor), and Lloyd Bridges, José Ferrer and Alan Hale Jr. as the Three Musketeers. Olivia de Havilland made her final theatrical film role in a cameo appearance as the Queen Mother Anne of Austria.

Charles de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan
Charles de Batz de Castelmore (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl də bats də kastɛlmɔʁ]), also known as d'Artagnan and later Count d'Artagnan (c. 1611 – 25 June 1673), was a French musketeer who served Louis XIV as captain of the Musketeers of the Guard. He died at the siege of Maastricht in the Franco-Dutch War. A fictionalised account of his life by Gatien de Courtilz de Sandras formed the basis for the d'Artagnan Romances of Alexandre Dumas père, most famously including The Three Musketeers (1844). The heavily fictionalised version of d'Artagnan featured in Dumas' works and their subsequent screen adaptations is now far more widely known than the real historical figure.
The Oak Ridge Boys
The Oak Ridge Boys are an American vocal quartet. The group consists of Duane Allen (lead), William Lee Golden (baritone), Richard Sterban (bass), and Ben James, who replaced Joe Bonsall as tenor in December of 2023. Allen, Bonsall, Golden, and Sterban comprised the group's longest-lasting lineup, from 1973 until 2023, except for the period between 1987 and 1995 when Golden was replaced by Steve Sanders.

The act was founded in 1943 as Wally Fowler and the Georgia Clodhoppers, but were soon known as The Oak Ridge Quartet. They became popular in Southern gospel in the 1950s and their name was changed to Oak Ridge Boys in the 1960s. They moved from traditional southern gospel to contemporary gospel before going into popular music in the mid-1970s.

The Oak Ridge Boys finally broke through in the late 1970s, including their appearance on "Slip Slidin' Away" with Paul Simon, and reached their commercial peak in 1981 with their cover of "Elvira", a Top 5 hit on the Billboard Hot 100.

William Lee Golden
William Lee Golden (born January 12, 1939) is an American country music singer. Between 1965 and 1987, and again since 1996, he has been the baritone singer in the country vocal group the Oak Ridge Boys. Golden was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2015 as a member of the Oak Ridge Boys.
SPAR Premium League
The SPAR Premium League (SPL) is the premier women's handball league in Switzerland, established in 1970. LC Brühl is the championship's most successful club by a large margin with 31 titles including two 11-years winning streaks, followed by ATV Basel-Stadt with four and TSV St. Otmar and Spono Nottwil with three.

Currently the league is contested by eight teams. The champion is granted a spot in the Champions League's qualifying tournament.

Spono Eagles
Spono Eagles is a Swiss women's handball club from Nottwil founded in 1971. 
Reaching the Swiss Premium League in 1988, it has been a regular in EHF competitions since the 1990s, and it won three national championships between 2000 and 2006. Spono's best international results to date were reaching the Round of 16 of the EHF Cup and the Challenge Cup. In its three appearances in the Champions League it was defeated in the first qualifying round.
2015 they changed the name from Spono Nottwil to Spono Eagles.
Junior Engineering Technical Society
Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS) was a national non-profit organization based in the United States dedicated to promoting interest in science, mathematics, engineering,  and technology among high-school students. In 2011, the Test of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics, and Science (TEAMS) and Unite programs of JETS were acquired by the Technology Student Association

Tests of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics, and Science
Tests of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics, and Science (TEAMS) is an annual competition originally organized by the Junior Engineering Technical Society (JETS). TEAMS is an annual theme-based competition for students in grades 9–12, aimed at giving them the opportunity to discover engineering and how they can make a difference in the world.
West Florida Controversy
The West Florida Controversy included two border disputes that involved Spain and the United States in relation to the region known as West Florida over a period of 37 years. The first dispute commenced immediately after Spain received the colonies of West and East Florida from the Kingdom of Great Britain following the American Revolutionary War. Initial disagreements were settled with Pinckney's Treaty of 1795.

The second dispute arose following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The controversy led to the secession of part of West Florida, known as the "Republic of West Florida", from Spanish control in 1810, and its subsequent annexation by the United States. In 1819 the United States and Spain negotiated the Adams–Onís Treaty, in which the United States purchased the remainder of Florida from Spain. The treaty was ratified in 1821.

Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's Treaty,  also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed on October 27, 1795, by the United States and Spain.

It defined the border between the United States and Spanish Florida, and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. With this agreement, the first phase of the ongoing border dispute between the two nations in this region, commonly called the West Florida Controversy, came to a close.

Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. It was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796, and, after debate, was ratified on March 7, 1796. It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796, and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 2, 1796.
Xinbeitou metro station
The Taipei Metro Xinbeitou station (formerly transliterated as Hsin Peitou Station from 1997 until 2003) is the terminal station on the Xinbeitou branch line located in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. The location of the station used to be the terminal station for the now-defunct TRA Hsin Peitou Line.

Beitou District
Beitou District is the northernmost of the twelve districts of Taipei City, Taiwan. The historical spelling of the district is Peitou. The name originates from the Ketagalan word Kipatauw, meaning witch. Beitou is the most mountainous and highest of Taipei's districts, encompassing a meadow with rivers running through the valley which have abundant steam rising from them; the result of geothermal warming.  The valley is often surrounded by mist shrouding the trees and grass. Beitou is famous for its hot springs. In March 2012, it was named one of the Top 10 Small Tourist Towns by the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan.
Pedro Depestre
Pedro Celestino Depestre González (June 1945 – 8 April 2001) was a Cuban violinist, arranger and musical director. He was one of Cuba's most prolific charanga violinists, playing with Orquesta Aragón, Orquesta Maravillas de Florida, Orquesta Típica Juventud and Estrellas de Areito, among others. In the late 1990s, he recorded with the Buena Vista Social Club ensemble and toured with Orlando "Cachaíto" López in 2001, but died on stage during the first concert of the tour.

Orquesta Aragón
Orquesta Aragón is a Cuban musical band formed on 30 September 1939, by Orestes Aragón Cantero in Cienfuegos, Cuba. The band originally had the name Ritmica 39, then Ritmica Aragón before settling on its final form. Though they did not create the Cha-cha-cha, they were arguably the best charanga in Cuba during the 1950s and 1960s. Their trade-marks included high-class instrumentalists playing in tight ensemble style, and rhythmical innovations which kept their sound up to date. Over the years they progressed from their start as a danzoneria to play a wider variety of styles, danzón, then cha-cha-cha, then onda-cha, pachanga and son fusions. They still perform today, based in Havana.
Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation
The Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation (S&SY) is a system of navigable inland waterways (canals and canalised rivers) in South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, England.

Chiefly based on the River Don, it runs for a length of 43 miles (69 km) and has 27 locks. It connects Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster with the River Trent at Keadby and (via the New Junction Canal) the Aire and Calder Navigation.

The system consisted of five parts, four of which are still open to navigation today:-

The River Don Navigation

The Sheffield Canal (effectively abandoned in the early 1970s but revitalised since the 1990s)

The Stainforth and Keadby Canal

The New Junction Canal

The Dearne and Dove Canal (closed 1961)

River Don, Yorkshire
The River Don (also called River Dun in some stretches) is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 69 miles (111 km) eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is a UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.
Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau
Eugène-Guillaume-Alexis, comte de Mercy d'Argenteau or Eugen Gillis Wilhelm Graf Mercy d'Argenteau or Eugen Gillis Alexis Argenteau (30 December 1743 – 4 May 1819) joined the Austrian army in 1760 and fought in the Seven Years' War. In 1784 he became the commander of an Austrian infantry regiment. He led the unit during the Austro-Turkish War at the 1789 Siege of Belgrade and was promoted to general officer. After the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition, he was loaned to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. He fought at Saorgio in 1794 and Monte Settepani and Loano in 1795. His division faced Napoleon Bonaparte and was badly defeated in the Montenotte campaign in April 1796. During the War of the Third Coalition he led several divisions at Caldiero in 1805. He retired from the army in 1808 but became inhaber (proprietor) of an Austrian infantry regiment from 1809 until his death.

Battle of Loano
The Battle of Loano (23–24 November 1795) saw the French Army of Italy led by General of Division (GD) Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer attack the Allied armies of Habsburg Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont led by Feldzeugmeister (FZM) Olivier, Count of Wallis during the War of the First Coalition. The assault took the Austrians by surprise since it occurred so late in the year. Additionally, the previous Austrian commander resigned the day before the attack. While the French left flank troops pinned down the Sardinian forces opposing them, the French center broke through the Allied center, forcing the Austrians to retreat. Meanwhile, the French right flank forces steadily pressed back the Austrians on the coast. The French gained a more favorable position, but Schérer did not exploit his victory. André Masséna distinguished himself during this battle and is credited with the French victory.