hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Maritsa
The Battle of Maritsa, also known as the Battle of Chernomen (Serbian: Marička bitka / Маричка битка; Turkish: Çirmen Muharebesi, İkinci Meriç Muharebesi; "Second Battle of Maritsa"), was fought on 26 September 1371 near the Maritsa River, close to the village of Chernomen (present-day Ormenio, Greece). The conflict pitted the Ottoman forces under Lala Şahin Pasha and Hacı İlbey against a coalition of Serbian lords, led by King Vukašin Mrnjavčević and his brother Despot Jovan Uglješa who sought to halt the Ottomans' westward advance. The battle ended in a decisive Ottoman victory in which both Serbian commanders were killed, marking the decline of Serbian power in Macedonia and paving the way for Ottoman expansion into the central Balkans.

Vukašin of Serbia
Vukašin Mrnjavčević (Serbian Cyrillic: Вукашин Мрњавчевић, pronounced [ʋukǎʃin mr̩̂ɲaːʋtʃeʋitɕ] ⓘ; c. 1320 – 26 September 1371) was King of Serbia as the co-ruler of Stefan Uroš V from 1365 to 1371. He was also a nobleman. Principal domains of Vukašin and his family were located in southern parts of medieval Serbia and northwestern parts of the modern region of Macedonia. He died in the Battle of Maritsa in 1371 with his brother, Jovan Uglješa.

In folk tradition, Vukašin is referred to as a usurper and, wrongly, the murderer of Tsar Uroš. He was often considered de facto ruler of Serbian Empire during the reign of Uroš.
Mairengo
Mairengo is a former municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.  On 1 April 2012, it was incorporated into the municipality of Faido along with the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico and Osco.

Calpiogna
Calpiogna is a former municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.  On 1 April 2012, it was incorporated into the municipality of Faido along with the former municipalities of Anzonico, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco.
Jeff Joniak
Jeffrey Scott Joniak (born July 17, 1962) is an American sports announcer. He has been the play-by-play commentator for Chicago Bears radio broadcasts since 2001, making him the longest serving person in that role.

Before the Bears, he worked for multiple Chicago area sports networks such as Chicagoland Television, Illinois News Network, and Tribune Radio Network. He was a pre-game co-host for the Chicago Bulls in the 1990s and also occasionally called Chicago Cubs games. His involvement with the Bears began in 1997.

As of 2025, he calls Bears games for WMVP alongside color commentator and former player Tom Thayer. Other responsibilities that Joniak has include co-hosting a program with the Bears' head coach, the weekly Bears All-Access radio show, and video programming for the team website.

Tom Thayer
Thomas Allen Thayer (born August 16, 1961) is an American former professional football player who was a guard in the National Football League (NFL) and United States Football League (USFL). He played in the NFL for the Chicago Bears and the Miami Dolphins, and won a Super Bowl as a member of the 1985 Chicago Bears. Prior to his NFL career, Thayer played in the USFL for the Chicago Blitz, Arizona Wranglers and the Arizona Outlaws from 1983 to 1985. He is currently the color commentator on WMVP for Chicago Bears broadcasts.
Ezra (2017 film)
Ezra is a 2017 Indian Malayalam-language supernatural horror thriller film written and directed by Jay K. The film stars Prithviraj Sukumaran, Priya Anand (in her Malayalam debut), Tovino Thomas, Sujith Shankar, Vijayaraghavan and Sudev Nair in the leading roles. Principal photography began in late-June 2016. Major filming locations were Fort Cochin and Sri Lanka. The movie grossed ₹50 crore at the box-office. It was remade in Hindi in 2021 as Dybbuk.
The film was inspired by Hollywood horror film The Possession (2012; based on the 2004 Los Angeles Times article "A Jinx in a Box?" by Leslie Gornstein about the allegedly haunted dybbuk box).

Dybbuk (film)
Dybbuk is a 2021 Indian Hindi-language supernatural horror film written and directed by Jay K, produced by T-Series and Panorama Studios. The film, starring Emraan Hashmi and Nikita Dutta in the lead role, is a remake of Jay's 2017 Malayalam film Ezra. The story of the film revolves around an antique box purchased by the female protagonist, after which the couple face paranormal activities. The principal photography began on 18 July 2019 in Mauritius. The film premiered on 29 October 2021 on Amazon Prime Video.
Corofin, County Clare
Corofin (Irish: Cora Finne or Coradh Finne) is a town on the River Fergus in northern County Clare, Ireland and also a parish of the same name in the Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. The 2022 population was 793, up from 776 in 2016, and 689 in 2011.

Corofin (parish)
Corofin is a parish in County Clare, Ireland, and part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe. The parish is an amalgamation of the medieval parishes of Rath and Kilnaboy (or Killinaboy). At least since 1731, both parishes have been administered by one priest.

As of 2024, the parish priest is Des Hillary, with Pat O'Neil as assistant priest.

The main church of the parish is the Church of St. Brigid in Corofin, completed in 1823. This is possibly the first Catholic church in County Clare designed by an architect.

The second church of the parish is the "Church of St. Joseph" in Kilnaboy. This church was built in 1967. It replaced a barn church built in 1846 (now a garage). Tradition says that this barn church replaced a mass house built in 1725.

The third church of the parish is St. Mary in the townland of Roxton, part of the former parish of Rath. This church was built in 1869 and replaced an older church in the townland of Liscullaun.
External ray
An external ray is a curve that runs from infinity toward a Julia or Mandelbrot set.
Although this curve is only rarely a half-line (ray) it is called a ray because it is an image of a ray.

External rays are used in complex analysis, particularly in complex dynamics and geometric function theory.

Julia set
In complex dynamics, the Julia set and the Fatou set are two complementary sets (Julia "laces" and Fatou "dusts") defined from a function. Informally, the Fatou set of the function consists of values with the property that all nearby values behave similarly under repeated iteration of the function, and the Julia set consists of values such that an arbitrarily small perturbation can cause drastic changes in the sequence of iterated function values.
Thus the behavior of the function on the Fatou set is "regular", while on the Julia set its behavior is "chaotic".

The Julia set of a function  f  is commonly denoted  and the Fatou set is denoted  These sets are named after the French mathematicians Gaston Julia and Pierre Fatou whose work began the study of complex dynamics during the early 20th century.
Posterior compartment of the forearm
The posterior compartment of the forearm (or extensor compartment) contains twelve muscles which primarily extend the wrist and digits. It is separated from the anterior compartment by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna.

Anterior compartment of the forearm
The anterior compartment of the forearm (or flexor compartment) contains the following muscles:

The muscles are largely involved with flexion and supination. The superficial muscles have their origin on the common flexor tendon. The ulnar nerve and artery are also contained within this compartment. The flexor digitorum superficialis lies in between the other four muscles of the superficial group and the three muscles of the deep group. This is why it is also classified as the intermediate group.
.45 Colt
The .45 Colt (11.43×33mmR), often called the .45 Long Colt, is a rimmed straight-walled,  centerfire handgun cartridge dating to 1872. It was originally a black-powder revolver round developed for the Colt Single Action Army revolver. This cartridge was adopted by the U.S. Army in 1873 and served as an official US military handgun cartridge for 19 years, before being replaced by the .38 Long Colt in 1892. Although there has never been a ".45 Short Colt" cartridge, the .45 Colt is frequently called the ".45 Long Colt" (.45 LC) to better distinguish it from the shorter and less powerful .45 Schofield cartridge, which was also in use around the same time as the .45 Colt and able to be used in revolvers chambered in the more powerful Colt round.

.45 Schofield
The .45 Schofield / 11.5x27mmR, also referred to as .45 Smith & Wesson is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson for their S&W Model 3 Schofield top-break revolver. It is similar to the .45 Colt cartridge, but with a shorter case and a larger rim. The. 45 Schofield will generally work in revolvers chambered for that cartridge; but the reverse is not true, since the .45 Colt case is longer. United States government arsenals supplied .45 Schofield cartridges for the Schofield revolver and the Colt Army revolver to help simplify their armament needs.
Lee Myung-hee
Lee Myung-hee (Korean: 이명희; born 5 September 1943) is a South Korean business magnate and the chairwoman of the Shinsegae Group. She is the youngest daughter of Lee Byung-chul, founder of the Samsung Group and the sister of the former late chairman Lee Kun-Hee. Lee became the company's chairwoman in 1997 following its separation from Samsung and is credited with growing it into the country's second-largest retailer. With an estimated net worth of $840 million she is one of the wealthiest people in South Korea and was ranked 20th on Forbes 2017 list of 50 Richest Koreans.

Lee Byung-chul
Lee Byung-chul (Korean: 이병철; 12 February 1910 – 19 November 1987) was a South Korean businessman who founded the Samsung Group, the country's largest chaebol (conglomerate). Lee founded Samsung in 1938, at the age of 28. He is widely recognized as one of the most successful business magnates in South Korean history.
Affetside
Affetside is a village in Greater Manchester, England. Historically in Lancashire, it is in the Tottington ward of Bury Metropolitan Borough Council and the Bury North parliamentary constituency, in the West Pennine Moors.

Tottington, Greater Manchester
Tottington is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury in Greater Manchester, England, on the edge of the West Pennine Moors. In 2011 it had a population of 9783.

Historically in Lancashire, it was a medieval fee, a type of royal manor, which encompassed several townships from Musbury and Cowpe with Lench in the north to Affetside in the west and Walshaw in the south west, while the township of Tottington itself was a small agricultural settlement surrounded by open farmland and hunting ground where deer and wild boar were found.
Estadio Mansiche
Estadio Mansiche is the largest stadium of the city of Trujillo and the home of the most important football clubs in the city, Carlos A. Mannucci and Universidad César Vallejo. The stadium also has a running track for track and field sports. The stadium is part of the greater Mansiche Sports Complex which includes the Coliseo Gran Chimu, a swimming pool, and other facilities. It has a capacity of a little over 25,000.

It has hosted matched of the Copa Sudamericana in three occasions, and of the Copa Libertadores once. It hosted Group B matches during the 1995 South American Under-17 Football Championship. It has also hosted matches at the 2004 Copa America and 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Most recently, it hosted the ceremonies of the 2013 Bolivarian Games.

Mansiche Sports Complex
The Sports complex Mansiche is the current home of Trujillo's professional sports teams, a city of northern Peru. This sport complex will be the main site of 2013 Bolivarian Games that will be held in the city in November 2013. It is located near the old and traditional town of San Salvador de Mansiche.
Davao del Sur
Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Habagatang Dabaw; Filipino: Katimugang Davao), officially the Province of Davao del Sur (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Habagatang Dabaw, Lalawigan sa Davao del Sur; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Katimugang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao del Sur), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Digos. Davao City is the largest city in terms of area and population within the province's jurisdiction, yet it is administratively independent from the province; as such, Davao City is only grouped for geographical and statistical purposes and serves as the regional center of Davao Region.

The province is bounded by Davao del Norte to the north, Davao Occidental to the south-east, Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat to the west, South Cotabato and Sarangani to the south-west, and Davao Gulf to the east.

Davao del Norte
Davao del Norte (Cebuano: Amihanang Dabaw; Filipino: Hilagang Davao), officially the Province of Davao del Norte (Cebuano: Probinsya sa Amihanang Dabaw, Probinsya sa Davao del Norte; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Hilagang Davao, Lalawigan ng Davao del Norte), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital and largest city is Tagum. The province also includes Samal Island to the south in Davao Gulf.

Before 1967, the five provinces—Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Occidental, Davao Oriental—and Davao City were administered as a single province named Davao, a provincial district of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu. The present-day Davao Region is coterminous with this former province.

Davao del Norte is also known as "The Banana Capital of the Philippines” and is the most populous province in the Davao Region.
Frank Strozier
Frank R. Strozier Jr. (born June 13, 1937) is a jazz alto saxophonist, occasional flutist and composer.

Strozier was born in Memphis, Tennessee, where he learned to play piano. In 1954, he moved to Chicago, where he performed with Harold Mabern, George Coleman, and Booker Little (like Strozier, they were from Memphis). He recorded with the MJT + 3 from 1959 to 1960 and led sessions for Vee-Jay Records.

After moving to New York, Strozier was briefly with the Miles Davis Quintet in 1963 (between the tenures of Hank Mobley and George Coleman) and also gigged with Roy Haynes. After moving to Los Angeles, he worked with Chet Baker, Shelly Manne, and the Don Ellis big band. Returning to New York in 1971, he worked with Keno Duke's Jazz Contemporaries, the New York Jazz Repertory Company, Horace Parlan, and Woody Shaw.

Booker Little
Booker Little Jr. (April 2, 1938 – October 5, 1961) was an American jazz trumpeter and composer. He appeared on many recordings in his short career, both as a sideman and as a leader. Little performed with Max Roach, John Coltrane, and Eric Dolphy and was strongly influenced by Sonny Rollins and Clifford Brown. He died aged 23.
Aspersion
Aspersion (la. aspergere/aspersio), in a religious context, is the act of sprinkling with water, especially holy water. Aspersion is a method used in baptism as an alternative to immersion or affusion. The word is formed of the Latin aspergere, 'to sprinkle', of ad, 'to', and spargo, 'I scatter' (Ezekiel 36:25–26, 1 Corinthians 10:2, cf. Psalm 77:16-20).

In addition, aspersion is performed as part of certain rites to remind people of their baptism, such as the renewal of baptismal vows performed by the Catholic Church and Lutheran Church at Easter.

Affusion
Affusion is a method of baptism where water is poured on the head of the person being baptized.  The word "affusion" comes from the Latin affusio, meaning "to pour on". Affusion is one of four methods of baptism used by Christians, which also include total or partial immersion baptism and aspersion or sprinkling.

Christian denominations which baptize by affusion do not deny the legitimacy of baptizing by submersion or immersion; rather, they consider that affusion is a sufficient, if not necessarily preferable, method of baptism. Affusion and aspersion tend to be practiced by Christian denominations that also practice infant baptism. This may be due to the practical difficulties and dangers of drowning and hypothermia associated with totally immersing an infant in cold water.  However, most Eastern Christians (e.g. Eastern Orthodox) and some Catholics practice infant immersion. Amish, Old Order Mennonites, and Conservative Mennonites still practice baptism by pouring.
Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Kent
Margaret of Scotland (1193 – 25 November 1259) was a daughter of William the Lion, King of Scotland and his wife Ermengarde de Beaumont. She was a member of the House of Dunkeld and by marriage, she was Countess of Kent.

William the Lion
William the Lion (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam an Leòmhann), sometimes styled William I (Uilleam MacEanraig; Medieval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric) and also known by the nickname Garbh, 'the Rough' (c. 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Alba from 1165 to 1214. His almost 49-year-long reign was the longest for a Scottish monarch before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.
Challenge International de Tourisme 1934
The Challenge 1934 was the fourth and last FAI International Tourist Plane Contest (French: Challenge International de Tourisme), that took place between August 28 and September 16, 1934, in Warsaw, Poland. The four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe. The 1934 Challenge was won by the Polish pilots, who had also won the previous year.

Challenge International de Tourisme 1932
The Challenge 1932 was the third FAI International Tourist Plane Competition (French: Challenge International de Tourisme), that took place between 12  and August 28, 1932, in Berlin, Germany. The four Challenges, from 1929 to 1934, were major aviation events in pre-war Europe.
Coed Darcy
Coed Darcy is a new village under development on brownfield land adjacent to Llandarcy in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. Development began in the mid-2000s and was expected to take approximately twenty years. The then Prince Charles visited the site in 2013 after completion of the first phase, but development was paused after fewer than 300 of 4,000 homes had been built, and only an estate at the former refinery entrance has been occupied.

Llandarcy
Llandarcy is a village near Neath in the Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales, and was the site of the first oil refinery in the United Kingdom. It was originally designed as a garden village to house the workers for the BP refinery built between 1918 and 1922. The village is near junction 43 of the M4 motorway.
Lockhart Road
Lockhart Road (Chinese: 駱克道) is a street spanning the whole length of Wan Chai from east to west on the Hong Kong Island of Hong Kong. It begins at Arsenal Street in the west and ends in East Point Road in East Point.

Wan Chai
Wan Chai (Chinese: 灣仔) is located in the western part of Wan Chai District on the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. It is bounded by Canal Road to the east, Arsenal Street to the west, and Bowen Road to the south. The area north of Gloucester Road is often called Wan Chai North.

Wan Chai is one of the busiest commercial areas in Hong Kong with offices of many small and medium-sized companies. Wan Chai North features office towers, parks, hotels and an international conference and exhibition centre. Wan Chai is also well known for its famous night life which has evolved over decades. As one of the first areas developed in Hong Kong, the locale is densely populated but facing urban decay. The government has undertaken several urban renewal projects in recent years. There are various landmarks and skyscrapers within the area, most notably the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC), Central Plaza and Hopewell Centre.
Benjamin Ferris (physician)
Benjamin Greeley Ferris, Jr. (24 January 1919 – 1 August 1996) was an American physician and epidemiologist, a professor at Harvard School of Public Health who helped to pioneer statistical studies into the health effects of air pollution in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s.

In the early 1960s, Ferris and colleague Donald O. Anderson carried out the first large-scale statistical study in the United States linking cigarette smoking to respiratory disease. In 1973, Ferris and Frank E. Speizer launched a statistical study comparing air pollution in six urban areas of the United States. This became the Harvard Six Cities study, a landmark piece of public health research that helped to prove the link between fine-particulate air pollution and higher death rates when it was published in 1993.

Frank E. Speizer
Frank Erwin Speizer (born 8 June 1935) is an American physician and epidemiologist, currently Professor of Environmental Health and Environmental Science at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
and Edward H. Kass Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. He is best known for his work on two major epidemiological cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study, which explored women's illnesses and health risk factors, and the Harvard Six Cities study, which definitively linked air pollution to higher death rates in urban areas.
Bageshwar district
Bageshwar district is a district of Uttarakhand state in northern India. The town of Bageshwar is the district headquarters. Prior to its establishment as a district in 1997 it was part of Almora district.

Bageshwar district is in Kumaon, and is bounded on the west and northwest by Chamoli District, on the northeast and east by Pithoragarh District, and on the south by Almora District.

As of 2011 it is the third least populous district of Uttarakhand (out of 13), after Rudraprayag and Champawat.

Almora district
Almora district is a district in the Kumaon Division of Uttarakhand state, India. The headquarters is at Almora. It is 1,638 meters above sea level. The neighbouring regions are Pithoragarh district to the east, Chamoli district to the west, Bageshwar district to the north and Nainital district to the south.
Victor Emmanuel I
Victor Emmanuel I (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 4 June 1802 until his reign ended in 1821 upon abdication due to a liberal revolution. Shortly thereafter, his brother Charles Felix ascended the throne as the new king of Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel was the son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain. In 1789, he married Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, with whom he had seven children, including the future Empress of Austria. He was the King of Sardinia during the Napoleonic Wars, where he regained Piedmont after Napoleon's defeat in 1814.

Charles Felix of Sardinia
Charles Felix (Italian: Carlo Felice Giuseppe Maria; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 March 1821 until his death in 1831. He was the last male-line member of the House of Savoy that started with Victor Amadeus I, and caused the line of Victor Amadeus I's younger brother Thomas Francis to seize the throne after Felix's death.
Iullus Antonius
Iullus Antonius (43–2 BC) was a Roman magnate and poet. A son of Mark Antony and Fulvia, he was spared by the emperor Augustus after the civil wars of the Republic, and was married to the emperor's niece. He was later condemned as one of the lovers of Augustus's daughter, Julia, and killed himself.

Julia the Elder
Julia the Elder (30 October 39 BC – AD 14), known to her contemporaries as Julia Caesaris filia or Julia Augusti filia (Classical Latin: IVLIA•CAESARIS•FILIA or IVLIA•AVGVSTI•FILIA), was the daughter and only biological child of Augustus, the first Roman emperor, and his second wife, Scribonia. Julia was also stepsister and second wife of the Emperor Tiberius; maternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and the Empress Agrippina the Younger; grandmother-in-law of the Emperor Claudius; and maternal great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. Her epithet "the Elder" distinguishes her from her daughter, Julia the Younger.