hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
16th Street Bridge (Washington, D.C.)
The 16th Street Bridge, also known as the Piney Branch Bridge, is an automobile and pedestrian bridge that carries 16th Street NW over Piney Branch and Piney Branch Parkway in Washington, D.C. It was the first parabolic arch bridge in the United States. Construction on the first span began in 1905 as part of the northward extension of 16th Street, and was finished in 1907 but was never opened to traffic. The second span began construction in 1909 and was completed in 1910. The bridge was renovated in 1990, and again beginning in October 2014.

The bridge, which spans the Piney Branch addition to Rock Creek Park, sits at the corner of four Washington, D.C., neighborhoods: Sixteenth Street Heights, Crestwood, Columbia Heights, and Mount Pleasant.

Piney Branch
Piney Branch is a tributary of Rock Creek in Washington, D.C. It is the largest tributary located entirely within the Washington city limits. It is spanned by the 16th Street Bridge, the country's first parabolic arch bridge.
Edward Tuckerman Potter
Edward Tuckerman Potter (September 25, 1831 – December 21, 1904) was an American architect best known for designing the 1871 Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut.  With his half-brother William Appleton Potter, he also designed Nott Memorial Hall (1858–79) at his alma mater, Union College, Schenectady, New York.  Both the Mark Twain House and Nott Memorial Hall are National Historic Landmarks.

Nott Memorial
The Nott Memorial is an elaborate 16-sided stone-masonry building which serves as both architectural and physical centerpiece of Union College in Schenectady, New York. Dedicated to Eliphalet Nott, president of Union for sixty-two years (1804–1866), the 110-foot (34 m) high by 89-foot (27 m) wide structure is a National Historic Landmark, noted for its Victorian architecture.
Foxdale Railway
54°12′04″N 4°38′20″W﻿ / ﻿54.201°N 4.639°W﻿ / 54.201; -4.639

The Foxdale Railway was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge branch line which ran from St. John's to Foxdale in the Isle of Man. The line ran 2+1⁄4 miles (3.6 km) from an end-on junction with the Manx Northern Railway west of St. John's, then passed to the north of the Isle of Man Railway station before curving south and crossing the IMR's line from Douglas via an overbridge (the only place where railway crossed railway in the Isle of Man unless one counts the 19-inch (480 mm) gauge Great Laxey Mine Railway tunnel under the Manx Electric Railway) to the east of the station. The line had a fairly constant incline through Waterfall(s) Halt, the only intermediate station, to the terminus in Upper Foxdale. The tracks extended beyond Foxdale into the mine workings area.

Isle of Man Railway
The Isle of Man Railway (IMR) is a narrow gauge steam-operated railway connecting Douglas with Castletown and Port Erin in the Isle of Man. The line is 3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge and 15+1⁄2 miles (25 kilometres) long. It is the remainder of what was a much larger network (over 46 miles or 74 kilometres) that also served the western town of Peel, the northern town of Ramsey and the mining village of Foxdale. Now in government ownership, it uses original rolling stock and locomotives and there are few concessions to modernity.
Pylaia-Chortiatis
Pylaia-Chortiatis (Greek: Πυλαία-Χορτιάτης) is a municipality in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece, consisting of three suburbs of Thessaloniki. The seat of the municipality is Panorama. The municipality has an area of 155.63 km2.

Panorama, Thessaloniki
Panorama (Greek: Πανόραμα) is a suburb of Thessaloniki, in the Thessaloniki regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pylaia-Chortiatis, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. Panorama is located at the foot of Mount Chortiatis. The municipal unit has an area of 21.321 km2.
János-hegy
János Hill (Hungarian: János-hegy, pronounced [ˈjaːnoʃ ˈhɛɟ]) (also John's Hill) is the highest point of Budapest with a height of 528 m (1,732 ft), located in the western part of the city. From Elizabeth Lookout on the top of the hill one can get an impressive panoramic view of the whole region.

Elizabeth Lookout
The Elizabeth Lookout (Hungarian: Erzsébet-kilátó) is a historic lookout tower on János Hill (Hungarian: János-hegy) above Budapest. Built in 1911, the tower was named after Empress Elisabeth, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I. Frigyes Schulek was the architect. The tower is near Budapest's District XII, and may be reached from the Széll Kálmán tér of Budapest. At first, there was a low wooden platform, which was demolished. After that, Frederick Gluck had an idea, to raise a stone tower and then he started gathering investors for the project. Budapest city approved the project in 1907 and Schulek Frederick received the commission to build the tower. The construction started in 1908 and Paul Kluczinger was the construction manager. The tower was built from haraszti limestone. The lookout was named after Queen consort of Hungary Elizabeth, who visited the mountain in 1882.
Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels (27 July 1812 – 13 November 1875) was a German prince and military officer in both the Austrian army and the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As commissioner general of the Adelsverein, he spearheaded the establishment of colonies of German immigrants in Texas. Prince Solms named New Braunfels, Texas, in honor of his homeland.

New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfels (/ˈbrɔːnfəlz/ ⓘ BRAWN-fəlz) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Comal County. The city covers 44.9 square miles (116 km2) and had a population of 90,403 as of the 2020 Census. A suburb just north of San Antonio, and part of the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area, it was the third-fastest-growing city in the United States from 2010 to 2020. As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates its population at 104,707.

New Braunfels is known for its German Texan heritage.
Louchébem
Louchébem or loucherbem (French pronunciation: [luʃebɛm]) is Parisian and Lyonnaise butchers' (French boucher) slang, similar to Pig Latin and Verlan. It originated in the mid-19th century and was in common use until the 1950s.

Verlan
Verlan (pronounced [vɛʁlɑ̃] ⓘ) is a type of argot in the French language, featuring inversion of syllables in a word, and is common in slang and youth language.  It rests on a long French tradition of transposing syllables of individual words to create slang words.: 50  The word verlan itself is an example of verlan (making it an autological word). It is derived from inverting the sounds of the syllables in l'envers ([lɑ̃vɛʁ], "the inverse", frequently used in the sense of "back-to-front"). The first documented use of verlan dates back to the 19th century, among robbers.
Arytenoid cartilage
The arytenoid cartilages (/ærɪˈtiːnɔɪd/) are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx. They are the site of attachment of the vocal cords. Each is pyramidal or ladle-shaped and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex. The arytenoid cartilages allow for movement of the vocal cords by articulating with the cricoid cartilage. They may be affected by arthritis, dislocations, or sclerosis.

Larynx
The larynx (pl.: larynges or larynxes), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck involved in respiration, producing sound and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. The opening of the larynx into the pharynx, known as the laryngeal inlet, is about 4–5 centimeters in diameter. The larynx houses the vocal cords, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation. It is situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.
YouthSat
YouthSat is a Russian-Indian scientific-educational artificial satellite developed on the basis of an agreement between the Russian Federal Space Agency and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is built using ISRO's Indian Mini Satellite-1 bus. YouthSat and Resourcesat-2 were launched by Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on 20 April 2011 from Sriharikota, India.

Resourcesat-2
Resourcesat-2 is a follow on mission to Resourcesat-1 and the eighteenth Indian remote sensing satellite built by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The new satellite provides the same services as the original Resourcesat-1, but was also designed to "provide data with enhanced multispectral and spatial coverage". Compared to Resourcesat-1, LISS-4 multispectral swath has been enhanced from 23 km to 70 km based on user needs. Suitable changes including miniaturization in payload electronics have been incorporated in Resourcesat-2.
Liberal Party (Utah)
The Liberal Party was a political party established in the latter half of the 1800s in Utah Territory before the national Democrats and Republicans established themselves in Utah in the early 1890s.

The Liberal Party formed in 1870 in opposition to the Latter-day Saints (Mormons) who were the majority of Utah’s population. In response, the Mormons formed the People's Party.

The Liberal Party won several local elections in Utah. Anti-Mormonism remained a central theme of the party until it disbanded in 1893 and was absorbed by the national parties.

People's Party (Utah)
The People's Party was a political party in Utah Territory during the late 19th century. It was backed by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and its newspaper, the Deseret News. It opposed Utah's Liberal Party, which was often explicitly anti-Mormon.
NGC 4299
NGC 4299 is a  featureless spiral galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4299 forms an interacting pair with NGC 4294.

NGC 4294
NGC 4294 is a barred spiral galaxy with flocculent spiral arms located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784 and is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4294 appears to be undergoing ram-pressure stripping edge-on.
Second Swedish Crusade
The Second Swedish Crusade was a military expedition by the Kingdom of Sweden into Tavastia (Häme) in southern Finland described by Erik's Chronicle. According to the chronicle, the Swedes defeated the pagan Tavastians under the leadership of Birger Jarl, and started building a castle in Tavastia.

The expedition has traditionally been dated to 1249–1250 based on the chronology of the chronicle. However, some researchers have suggested that the expedition instead took place already in 1238–1239, shortly after the Tavastian uprising and before the Battle of the Neva against the Novgorod Republic. The castle that the Swedes began constructing during the expedition has traditionally been identified as Häme Castle, but it may also have been the older Hakoinen Castle.

The Second Swedish Crusade consolidated and extended Swedish control over Finland.

Battle of the Neva
The Battle of the Neva (Russian: Невская битва, romanized: Nevskaya bitva; Swedish: slaget vid Neva; Finnish: Nevan taistelu) was fought between the Novgorod Republic, along with Karelians, and the Kingdom of Sweden, including Norwegian, Finnish and Tavastian forces, on the Neva River, near the settlement of Ust-Izhora, on 15 July 1240. The battle is mentioned only in Russian sources, and it remains unclear whether it was a major invasion or a small-scale raid. In Russian historiography, it has become an event of massive scale and importance.
Guanine
Guanine (/ˈɡwɑːniːn/ ⓘ) (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleotide bases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). In DNA, guanine is paired with cytosine. The guanine nucleoside is called guanosine.

With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. This unsaturated arrangement means the bicyclic molecule is planar.

Purine
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature.
Lebanese Resistance Regiments
The Lebanese Resistance Regiments (Arabic: أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية, romanized: ʾAfwāj al-Muqāwama al-Lubnāniyya, or أَمَل AMAL), also designated Lebanese Resistance Battalions, Lebanese Resistance Detachments, Lebanese Resistance Legions and Battalions de la Resistance Libanaise (BRL), but simply known by its Arabic acronym أَمَل ʾAmal which means "Hope", were the military wing of the Amal Movement, a political organization representing the Muslim Shia community of Lebanon. The movement's political wing was officially founded in February 1973 from a previous organization bearing the same name and its military wing was formed in January 1975. The Amal militia was a major player in the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1991. The militia has now been disarmed, though the movement itself, now known as the Amal Movement (Arabic: Harakat Amal), is a notable Shia political party in Lebanon alongside Hezbollah.

Amal Movement
The Amal Movement (Arabic: حركة أمل, romanized: Ḥarakat Amal, lit. 'Hope Movement') is a Lebanese political party and militia affiliated mainly with the Shia community of Lebanon. It was founded by Musa al-Sadr and Hussein el-Husseini in 1974 as the "Movement of the Deprived." The party has been led by Nabih Berri since 1980.

The Amal movement gained attention from Shia outcry after the disappearance of Musa al-Sadr and saw a renewal in popularity after the 1978 South Lebanon conflict with Israel. The Iranian Revolution of 1979 also provided momentum for the party. The Amal Movement is the largest predominantly Shia party in parliament, having fourteen representatives to Hezbollah's thirteen. Amal has an alliance with Hezbollah.
Atum
Atum (/ɑ.tum/, Egyptian: jtm(w) or tm(w), reconstructed [jaˈtaːmuw]; Coptic ⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙ Atoum), sometimes rendered as Atem, Temu, or Tem, is the primordial God in Egyptian mythology from whom all else arose. He created himself and is the father of Shu and Tefnut, the divine couple, who are the ancestors of the other Egyptian deities. Atum is also closely associated with the evening sun. As a primordial god and as the evening sun, Atum has chthonic and underworld connections. Atum was relevant to the ancient Egyptians throughout most of Egypt's history. He is believed to have been present in ideology as early as predynastic times, becoming even more prevalent during the Old Kingdom and continuing to be worshiped through the Middle and New Kingdom, though he becomes overshadowed by Ra around this time.

Shu (god)
Shu (Egyptian: šw, "emptiness" or "he who rises up", Coptic: ϣⲱⲓ) was one of the primordial Egyptian gods, spouse and brother to the goddess Tefnut, and one of the nine deities of the Ennead of the Heliopolis cosmogony. He was the god of light, peace, lions, air, and wind.
Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)
The Mir Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבת מיר, Yeshivat Mir), commonly known as the Mirrer Yeshiva (Yiddish: ‏מירער ישיבה) or The Mir, was a Lithuanian yeshiva located in the town of Mir, Russian Empire (now Belarus). After relocating a number of times during World War II, it has evolved into three yeshivas: one in Jerusalem and two in Brooklyn, New York: the Mir Yeshiva, and Bais Hatalmud.

Mir Yeshiva (Jerusalem)
The Mir Yeshiva (Hebrew: ישיבת מיר, Yeshivat Mir), known also as The Mir, is an Orthodox Jewish yeshiva in Beit Yisrael, Jerusalem. With over 9,000 single and married students, it is the largest yeshiva in the world. Most students are from Israel and the United States, with many from other parts of the world such as Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Switzerland, Argentina, Australia, Russia, Canada and Panama.
Ashland Coal and Iron Railway
The Ashland Coal and Iron Railway (AC&I) was a standard-gauge short line in northeastern Kentucky that owned the 24.742 miles (39.818 km) route between Ashland and Seaton (near Denton) with trackage arrangements beyond Seaton to Hitchins and Grayson. Originating as the Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad’s Eastern Division (chartered 1865), it was retitled “Ashland Coal and Iron Railway” by a Kentucky special act in March 1880/81 and operated as an industrial and common-carrier line serving iron and coal districts west of Ashland. The AC&I was leased to the Chesapeake & Ohio on January 1, 1925 and conveyed to the C&O in 1933.

Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad
The Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad (L&BS) was a standard-gauge railroad chartered in 1852 to connect Lexington with the Big Sandy River near Catlettsburg (later revised to Ashland).

Before the Panic of 1857 halted further work, the company opened roughly 10 to 12 miles (16 to 19 km) west from Ashland to Princess/Coalton, including the 975 feet (297 m) Princess Tunnel. Financial reversals left the project incomplete. In 1869, investors organized the Elizabethtown, Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad (EL&BS) as successor to the L&BS and began completing the central gap toward Lexington.

By 1881, the through route via Mt. Sterling, Morehead, and Olive Hill reached Ashland; EL&BS was the first railroad through Rowan County and was completed there in 1881. Between 1880 and 1892, the C&O leased and then purchased the EL&BS, operating it thereafter as the Lexington Subdivision.
Dudleya pulverulenta
Dudleya pulverulenta is a species of perennial succulent plant known by the common names chalk lettuce, chalk dudleya, and chalk liveforever. It is one of the largest Dudleya, with a silvery, waxy rosette that may greatly contrast with its habitat. It is also regarded as one of the most distinctive members of the Dudleya, with one of the most specialized inflorescences in the genus, adapted to hummingbird pollination through its red pendent flowers, the longest corolla, and the highest nectar output. Dudleya pulverulenta has the largest range of all Dudleya, over 1,000 kilometres (620 mi), being found from southern Monterey County in California to the Sierra de San Borja in southern Baja California. It is closely related to Dudleya arizonica, a smaller desert species that tends to lack the specialized floral traits, and Dudleya anthonyi, which differs in a few morphological traits and is restricted to the San Quintín Volcanic Field.

Dudleya anthonyi
Dudleya anthonyi is a species of perennial succulent plant known commonly as the San Quintín liveforever. It is endemic to the San Quintín volcanic field, which encompasses the Bahia San Quintín and the adjacent Isla San Martín in Baja California. Dudleya anthonyi is a relatively large rosette-forming succulent and is characterized by its leaves and inflorescences that are coated in a white, chalky powder. It is quite similar to its close relative, the widespread Dudleya pulverulenta, but Dudleya anthonyi is distinguished by its narrower and acute basal leaves and bracts, along with narrower and pointed sepals and petals. Like its close relative, Dudleya anthonyi is one of the few members of the genus Dudleya that have a pollination syndrome almost exclusively favoring hummingbird pollinators, adaptations which are reflected by its long, red, and pendent flowers.
Art Directors Guild
The Art Directors Guild (ADG; IATSE Local 800) is a labor union and local of the International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees (IATSE) representing 3,278 motion picture and television professionals in the United States and Canada.

The ADG's sponsored activities include the annual ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards, the professional quarterly news magazine Perspective, an art gallery called Gallery 800, technology training programs, and a film society.

ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards
The ADG Excellence in Production Design Awards are awards presented annually by the Art Directors Guild (ADG) to recognize excellence in production design and art direction in the film and television industries.
Susana Mendoza
Susana A. Mendoza (born May 13, 1972) is an American politician. She is the 10th and current Comptroller of Illinois, taking office on December 5, 2016. She previously served as the City Clerk of Chicago from 2011 to 2016. Mendoza is a member of the Democratic Party, was the first Latina to be elected to the position of Illinois Comptroller, and is the highest ranking Hispanic elected official in Illinois. In 2022, Mendoza was the state of Illinois' top vote getter.

Mendoza was first elected as Illinois State Representative in 2000 and served six terms. In February 2011, she was elected City Clerk of Chicago, becoming the first woman to hold this position. She was twice elected City Clerk and served for five years before successfully running for the role of Illinois Comptroller in 2016. Mendoza ran unsuccessfully in the 2019 Chicago mayoral election.

On July 16, 2025, Mendoza announced that she would not seek re-election in 2026.

Illinois Comptroller
The Comptroller of Illinois is a constitutional officer in the executive branch of government of the U.S. state of Illinois. Ten individuals have held the office of Comptroller since the enactment of the Illinois Constitution of 1970, replacing the prior office of Auditor of Public Accounts that was first created in 1799. The incumbent is Susana Mendoza, a Democrat.
Andrei Tverdokhlebov
Andrei Nikolayevich Tverdokhlebov (Russian: Андре́й Никола́евич Твердохле́бов, 30 September 1940, Moscow – 3 December 2011, Pennsylvania, United States) was a Soviet physicist, dissident and human rights activist. In 1970, he founded - along with Valery Chalidze and Andrei Sakharov - the Committee on Human Rights in the USSR. In 1973, Tverdokhlebov - along with Valentin Turchin - founded the first chapter of Amnesty International in the Soviet Union. He also helped found Group 73, a human rights organization that helped political prisoners in the Soviet Union. He was the author/editor of several samizdat publications while in the Soviet Union, which were compiled in the book, "In Defense of Human Rights", published by Khronika Press, New York, in 1975.

Valentin Turchin
Valentin Fyodorovich Turchin (Russian: Валенти́н Фёдорович Турчи́н, 14 February 1931 – 7 April 2010) was a Soviet and American physicist, cybernetician, and computer scientist. He developed the Refal programming language, the theory of metasystem transitions and the notion of supercompilation. He was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and a proponent of the global brain hypothesis.