hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Robin Fox (anthropologist)
Robin Fox (July 15, 1934 – January 18, 2024) was a British-American anthropologist who wrote on the topics of incest avoidance, marriage systems, human and primate kinship systems, evolutionary anthropology, sociology and the history of ideas in the social sciences. He founded the department of anthropology at Rutgers University in 1967 and remained a professor there for the rest of his career, also being a director of research for the H. F. Guggenheim Foundation from 1972 to 1984.

Fox published The Imperial Animal, with Lionel Tiger in 1971 one of the earliest to advocate and demonstrate an evolutionary approach to the understanding of human social behaviour. His daughter Kate Fox wrote the book Watching the English.

In 2013 Fox was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences (Anthropology and Evolutionary Biology).

Lionel Tiger
Lionel Tiger (born February 5, 1937) is a Canadian-American anthropologist. He is the Charles Darwin Professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University and co-Research Director of the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation.
Bar Council of Delhi
Bar Council of Delhi is the regulatory and statutorily representative body for lawyers practising law in the Union Territory of Delhi. It was constituted as per the mandatory requirement as per Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India. In March 1953, the 'All India Bar Committee', headed by Pawan Sharma, submitted a report which proposed the creation of a bar council for each state and an all-India bar council as an apex body.  Members of Bar Council are elected from among members enrolled and practicing as lawyers in Delhi and they represent the state in Bar Council of India meetings. Bar Council of a place designs standards of professional conduct to be followed by members, and designs etiquettes and has power to enforce disciplinary guidelines over the members of bar council.

Bar Council of India
Bar Council of India (BCI) is a statutory body established under section 4 of the Advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and represent the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. It also sets standards for legal education and grants recognition to universities whose law degrees will qualify students to enrol themselves as advocates upon graduation.
Dauphin, Manitoba
Dauphin (/ˈdɔːfɪn/) is a city in Manitoba, Canada, with a population of 8,368 as of the 2021 Canadian Census. The community is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Dauphin. The city takes its name from Lake Dauphin and Fort Dauphin (first built 1741), which were named by explorer Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye in honour of the Dauphin of France, the heir to the French throne. Dauphin is Manitoba's ninth largest community and serves as a hub to the province's Parkland Region.

Dauphin hosts several summer festivals, including Dauphin's Countryfest and Canada's National Ukrainian Festival.

Dauphin is served by Provincial Trunk Highways 5, 10 and 20.

Manitoba Highway 20
Provincial Trunk Highway 20 (PTH 20) is a provincial highway in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It runs from PTH 5 and PR 582 just south of Ochre River to PTH 10 in the village of Cowan. The highway provides an eastern alternative access option to Dauphin along with PTH 20A.

The speed limit is 90 km/h (55 mph). PTH 20 is part of the Northern Woods and Water Route.
3Arena (Dublin)
The 3Arena (originally The O2) is an indoor amphitheatre located at North Wall Quay in the Dublin Docklands in Dublin, Ireland. The venue opened as The O2 on 16 December 2008 and was re-branded on 4 September 2014 due to the takeover of O2 Ireland by Three Ireland. The venue is owned by a Live Nation subsidiary, Apollo Leisure Group Ltd. and is among the top ten busiest music arenas by ticket sales in the world.

It was built on the site of the former Point Theatre, a smaller music venue which operated from 1988 to 2007, retaining only some of the outer facade. The Point Theatre was branded as "The Point Depot", in recognition of its original role as a railway goods handling facility.

Three Ireland
Three Ireland (Hutchison) Limited (formerly Hutchison 3G Ireland Limited), commonly known as 3 Ireland or Three Ireland, is a telecommunications and Internet service provider operating in Ireland as a subsidiary of CK Hutchison Holdings, operating under the global Three brand. The company launched in July 2005 and provides 2G GSM, 3G UMTS, 4G LTE and 5G NR mobile phone services. Three's former holding company, Hutchison Whampoa, acquired O2 Ireland in June 2013, and the company was fully merged into the operations of Three Ireland in March 2015.
Meeting at Night
"Meeting at Night" is a Victorian English love poem by Robert Browning. The original poem appeared in Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845) in which "Night" and "Morning" were two sections. In 1849, the poet separated them into the two poems "Meeting at Night" and "Parting at Morning". In the poem, the speaker is in urgency to meet his beloved and for this he has to travel through the sea at night to reach the beach where his lover is waiting.

The poem (like others of the 1845 collection) was written during the courtship period of Browning with his future wife Elizabeth Barrett. Kennedy and Hair describe the poem as the "most sensual poem" he had written up to that time.

Dramatic Romances and Lyrics
Dramatic Romances and Lyrics is a collection of English poems by Robert Browning, first published in 1845 in London, as the seventh volume in a series of self-published books entitled Bells and Pomegranates.
Battle of the River Berre
The Battle of the River Berre was fought in 737 between the Arab and Berber Muslim forces of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri, Arab Umayyad Muslim governor of Septimania on behalf of al-Andalus, and the Frankish Christian army led by the Carolingian duke Charles Martel during the siege of Narbonne. The battle, which took place at the mouth of the River Berre (located in the present-day Department of Aude), was a significant victory for Charles Martel in the military campaigns of 736–737. During this period, Martel effectively prevented greater Umayyad expansion beyond the Pyrenees.

Siege of Narbonne (737)
The siege of Narbonne was fought in 737 between the Arab and Berber Muslim forces of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri, Arab Umayyad Muslim governor of Septimania on behalf of al-Andalus, and the Frankish Christian army led by the Carolingian duke Charles Martel.
Murder of Yuen Swee Hong
On 11 April 2009, 57-year-old SMRT taxi driver Yuen Swee Hong (Chinese: 袁水鸿; pinyin: Yuán Shuǐhóng) was robbed and murdered in his taxi. After killing Yuen, the culprit, 29-year-old Chinese national Wang Wenfeng (王文锋 Wáng Wénfēng), called Yuen's family demanding for ransom.

Wang was found guilty of murder and initially sentenced to death in September 2011, but was re-sentenced to life imprisonment and 24 strokes of the cane in November 2013.

Capital punishment in Singapore
Executions in Singapore are carried out by long drop hanging, and usually take place at dawn. Thirty-three offences—including murder, drug trafficking, terrorism, use of firearms and kidnapping—warrant the death penalty under Singaporean law.

In 2012, Singapore amended its laws to exempt some offences from the mandatory death sentence. In a 2005 survey by The Straits Times, 95% of Singaporeans were of the view that their country should retain the death penalty. The support steadily fell throughout the years due to the increasing liberal opinions of society. Despite the decline, a large majority of the public remains supportive of the use of the death penalty, with more than 80% of Singaporeans believing that their country should retain the death penalty in 2021.

The most recent execution conducted in Singapore took place on 13 February 2026, when a 62-year-old Singaporean was hanged for trafficking not less than 29.06g of diamorphine in his possession.
Abolitionism in Brazil
The history of abolitionism in Brazil goes back to the first attempt to abolish Indigenous slavery in Brazil, in 1611, to its definitive abolition by the Marquis of Pombal, in 1755 and 1758, during the reign of King Joseph I, and to the emancipation movements in the colonial period, particularly the 1798 Bahian Conspiracy, whose plans included the eradication of slavery. After the Independence of Brazil (1822), the discussions on this subject extended throughout the Empire period, acquiring relevance from 1850 onwards and a truly popular character from 1870 onwards, culminating with the signing of the Golden Law on May 13, 1888, which abolished slavery in Brazil.

Lei Áurea
The Lei Áurea (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈlej ˈawɾiɐ]; English: Golden Law), officially Law No. 3,353 of 13 May 1888, is the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. It was signed by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor Pedro II, who was in Europe.

The Lei Áurea was preceded by the Rio Branco Law of 28 September 1871 ("the Law of Free Birth"), which freed all children born to slave parents, and by the Saraiva-Cotegipe Law (also known as "the Law of Sexagenarians"), of 28 September 1885, that freed slaves when they reached the age of 60. Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery.
Haplogroup P1 (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup P1, also known as P-M45 and K2b2a, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics. Defined by the SNPs M45 and PF5962, P1 is a primary branch (subclade) of P (P-P295; K2b2).

The only primary subclades of P1 are Haplogroup Q (Q-M242) and Haplogroup R (R-M207). These haplogroups now comprise most of the male lineages among Native Americans, Europeans, Central Asia and South Asia, among other parts of the world.

P1 (M45) likely originated in Central Asia or Siberia, with basal P1*  (P1xQ,R) now most common among individuals in Siberia and Central Asia. A 2018 study found basal P1* in two Siberian individuals dated to the Upper Paleolithic (~31,630 cal BP) from a Yana river archaeological site known as Yana RHS.

Haplogroup Q-M242
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has two primary subclades: Q1/Q-L472 (also known as Q-MEH2) and Q2/Q-L275). These include numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations.

Q is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among Native Americans, Swati tribe and several peoples of Central Asia and Siberia.
Avondhu GAA
Avondhu GAA is a Gaelic football and hurling division in the north of County Cork, Ireland. The division includes teams such as Charleville, Mallow, Fermoy, and Mitchelstown. It is one of eight divisions of Cork County Board. It organizes competitions for the clubs within the division, from Under 12 up to the adult level. The winners of these competitions compete against other divisional champions to determine which club is the county champion. In addition, the division selects football and hurling teams from the adult teams playing at junior level or county intermediate level, and these then compete for the Cork GAA Senior Football Championship and Cork Senior Hurling Championship.

Mitchelstown GAA
Mitchelstown GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association based in the town of Mitchelstown, County Cork, Ireland. The club fields teams in competitions organized by the Cork GAA county board and the Avondhu GAA divisional board. The club plays only Gaelic football.
Ohio State Route 652
State Route 652 (SR 652) is a north–south unsigned state highway in the southern portion of Ohio. Its southern terminus is on the Ben Williamson Memorial Bridge and Simeon Willis Memorial Bridge on the Ohio River near Coal Grove, and it runs 0.31 miles (0.50 km) to U.S. Route 52 (US 52).

Ben Williamson and Simeon Willis Memorial Bridges
The Ben Williamson Memorial Bridge and Simeon Willis Memorial Bridge, also known as the "Green Bridge" and "Blue Bridge" respectively, are a pair of cantilever bridges that connect Coal Grove, Ohio to Ashland, Kentucky, crossing the Ohio River.

The shorter Ohio portion of the dual bridge officially carries part of Ohio State Route 652, but is not signed as such.
Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde
Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde, known in shorthand as Cariplo SpA, was an Italian bank founded in 1823. On 2 January 1998, it merged with Banco Ambrosiano Veneto to form Banca Intesa. Cariplo SpA became a short-lived sub-holding company of Intesa in late 1990s, and was fully absorbed circa 2000.

Banco Ambrosiano Veneto
Banco Ambrosiano Veneto, also known as Banco Ambroveneto for short, was an Italian bank formed in 1989 by the merger of Nuovo Banco Ambrosiano (the bank replacing the collapsed Banco Ambrosiano) with Banca Cattolica del Veneto.

Since 1989, Crédit Agricole also held a portion of shares of Banco Ambrosiano Veneto.

From 1991 until the merger in 1998, BAV acquired Banca Vallone di Galatin, Citibank Italia (later named Banco Ambroveneto Sud), Società di Banche Siciliane, Banca Massicana di Sessa Aurunca, Banca di Trento e Bolzano and Caboto.

The newly formed bank continued operation until 1998, when it agreed with the Cassa di Risparmio delle Provincie Lombarde (Cariplo) to form the Banca Intesa.

60 branches under the brand of Banco Ambroveneto, located in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, were transferred to FriulAdria as an intragroup transaction in 2000.
Majipa Lakhey
Majipa Lakhey (Nepal Bhasa: मजिपा लाखे, लाखे आजु Majipā Lākhē, Lākhē Āju) is a special lakhey in Nepalese folklore. He is also known as the Peaceful Bhairava (शान्त भैरव). The dance of this Lakhey takes place only in the week of the full moon of the month of Yenlaa of the Nepal Sambat calendar. He is considered to be the protector of the children.

Lakhey
Lākhey (Nepal Bhasa: लाखे or 𑐮𑐵𑐏𑐾‎, lā-khé) (alternative spellings Lākhe, Lākhay, 𑐮𑐵𑐏𑐫𑑂‎ ) is a demon in Nepalese folklore. He is depicted with a ferocious face, protruding fangs and a mane of red, white or black hair. The dance of a demon in the carnival of God. Lakhes figure prominently in the traditional Newar culture of Nepal Mandala. The Lakhe tradition is found in the Kathmandu Valley and other Newar settlements throughout Nepal.

Lakhes are said to be demons who used to live in the forests and later became protectors to the townspeople. A female Lakhe is known as Lasin (𑐮𑐳𑐶𑑄‎). The other common legendary being in Nepalese folklore is the Khyāh, who is depicted as a fat, hairy ape-like creature.
Japanese language in EBCDIC
Several mutually incompatible versions of the Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) have been used to represent the Japanese language on computers, including variants defined by Hitachi, Fujitsu, IBM and others. Some are variable-width encodings, employing locking shift codes to switch between single-byte and double-byte modes. Unlike other EBCDIC locales, the lowercase basic Latin letters are often not preserved in their usual locations.

The characters which are found in the double-byte Japanese code used with EBCDIC by IBM, but not found in the first edition of JIS X 0208, also influenced the vendor extensions found in some non-EBCDIC encodings such as IBM code page 932 ("DBCS-PC") and Windows code page 932.

JIS X 0208
JIS X 0208 is a 2-byte character set specified as a Japanese Industrial Standard, containing 6879 graphic characters suitable for writing text, place names, personal names, and so forth in the Japanese language. The official title of the current standard is 7-bit and 8-bit double byte coded KANJI sets for information interchange (7ビット及び8ビットの2バイト情報交換用符号化漢字集合, Nana-Bitto Oyobi Hachi-Bitto no Ni-Baito Jōhō Kōkan'yō Fugōka Kanji Shūgō). It was originally established as JIS C 6226 in 1978, and has been revised in 1983, 1990, and 1997. It is also called Code page 952 by IBM. The 1978 version is also called Code page 955 by IBM.
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Pittsburgh Branch
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Pittsburgh Branch Office is one of two Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland branch offices (the other is in Cincinnati). The Pittsburgh Office of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland hosts one of two savings bonds processing sites in the nation. 
The Pittsburgh branch presides over Jefferson, Monroe and Belmont counties in Ohio, Wetzel, Tyler, Pleasants, Marshall, Ohio, Brooke and Hancock counties in West Virginia, and all of Western Pennsylvania.  In 1915 it was revealed that the Pittsburgh branch location was to be the new home of a relocated Cleveland Fed District with a majority vote secured on the board of governors, but the U.S. Attorney General at the time nixed moving the Cleveland, Kansas City, Minneapolis, Boston and Atlanta Federal Reserve Districts, stating that it would instead take an act of Congress to move those district headquarters.  Pittsburgh remained a branch location only.

Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Cincinnati Branch
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Cincinnati Branch Office is one of two Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland branch offices (the other is in Pittsburgh). The Cincinnati Office of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland provides currency distribution services for financial institutions in multiple Reserve Districts. Jill P. Meyer is the current chairman.
Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Khaqani
Abu'l-Qāsim Abdallāh ibn Muḥammad al-Khāqānī (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبدالله بن محمد الخاقاني) was a son of the Abbasid vizier Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Khaqani, under whose vizierate in 912–913 he actually ran the government, before becoming vizier himself in 924–925.

Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Khaqani
Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad ibn ʿUbayd Allāh al-Khāqānī (Arabic: محمد بن عبيد الله الخاقاني) was a senior official of the Abbasid Caliphate, who served as vizier from 912 to 913.

He was the son of the distinguished Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan, who served twice as vizier, under the caliphs al-Mutawakkil and al-Mu'tamid. The famous historian al-Tabari was his tutor, reportedly being paid ten gold dinars a month. A rival of Ali ibn al-Furat, he succeeded the latter as vizier to Caliph al-Muqtadir on 23 July 912, and remained in office until 16 August 913. His tenure was marked by attempts to shore up finances through imposing heavy fines to dismissed officials of the Banu'l-Furat faction, and by a pro-Hanbali stance that led to anti-Shi'ite measures. After his dismissal, he was imprisoned by his successor Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, and by his rival Ibn al-Furat when the latter became again vizier in 917. He died in 924/5. His son Abdallah also served briefly as vizier in 924–925.
Yıldız-class fast attack craft
The Yıldız class is series of two fast attack craft/missile boats of the Turkish Navy. The class was designed by Lürssen Werft of Germany and share the same hull layout as the preceding Doğan class. Both ships of the class were built in Turkey and entered service in 1996. They remain in service.

Doğan-class fast attack craft
The Doğan class is one of the fast attack craft / missile boat classes of the Turkish Navy.

Designed by Lürssen Werft in Germany, these ships are almost identical to the Yıldız and Rüzgar classes, having the same hull, machinery, and weapons. They were fitted with LIOD Mk.2 electro-optical fire control and TACTICOS command control systems during their mid-life modernization program.
Henry Martyn Noel
Henry Martyn Noel Jr. was a former American citizen who moved to Allied-occupied Germany in the aftermath of World War II and voluntarily made himself stateless in order to protest "a climax of nationalism" he saw rising around him in the United States. His actions inspired Garry Davis to follow a similar course.

Garry Davis
Sol Gareth "Garry" Davis (27 July 1921 – 24 July 2013) was an international peace activist best known for renouncing his American citizenship and interrupting the United Nations in 1948 to advocate for world government as a way to end nationalistic wars.

Davis renounced his citizenship of the United States in May 1948 at the American Embassy in Paris, France, declaring himself instead a citizen of the world.

Davis, a World Federalist, founded the non-profit World Service Authority in 1953 to educate and promote World government. The World Service Authority issues "world government documents", such as the World Passport, a fantasy travel document based on his interpretation of Article 13(2), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the concept of world citizenship. Previously, Davis had worked as a Broadway stage actor and understudy for Danny Kaye.  He served as an American bomber pilot in World War II.
Nus de la Trinitat
Nus de la Trinitat (Spanish : Nudo de la Trinidad), is a major highway interchange in northern Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was constructed in 1992, for the 1992 Summer Olympics. In fact, it was one of the main components of the Barcelona high-capacity beltway, formed by Ronda Litoral and Ronda de Dalt.

There are four highways converging to the Nus de la Trinitat:

Ronda de Dalt ( B-20).

Ronda Litoral ( B-10)

C-58 highway ( C-58)

B-20 Barcelona-Montgat motorway.

Nus de la Trinitat is the busiest traffic junction in Barcelona since four primary motorways converge there and is frequently saturated on rush hour.

Autovía B-20
Ronda de Dalt (common name) or B-20 motorway is a ring road or beltway within Barcelona and other parts of its metropolitan area, running from l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, to Nus de la Trinitat in the Sant Andreu district of Barcelona. It was completed in 1992 on the occasion of the 1992 Summer Olympics. Parts of the road are completely underground whereas some other look pretty much like other thoroughfares in the city.
Temple Israel (Cape Town)
The Temple Israel, also known as the Cape Town Progressive Jewish Congregation (CTPJC), is a Progressive Jewish congregation, located in Cape Town, with three synagogues located in each of Green Point, Wynberg and Milnerton, in the Western Cape region of South Africa. As three centres combined, they are the largest Progressive congregation in South Africa, and the second largest Jewish congregation in Cape Town after Marais Road Shul in Sea Point.

The congregation started in Green Point in 1944, eight years after South Africa's first progressive synagogue opened in Hillbrow in Johannesburg. The Cape Town congregation caters to over 3,000 Progressive Jews in the city. The congregation is an affiliate of the South African Union for Progressive Judaism, which is part of the World Union for Progressive Judaism (WUPJ). The congregation represents around 18% of Jews living in Cape Town.

Marais Road Shul
The Marais Road Shul, formally the Green & Sea Point Hebrew Congregation (G&SPHC), is a Modern Orthodox synagogue in Sea Point, a seaside suburb of Cape Town. The congregation was first established in 1926, and the synagogue was completed in 1934. It had initially intended to become a branch of the Gardens Shul in the City Bowl, but opted for independence, and became the larger of the two. It is the largest Jewish congregation in South Africa, and by 1994, it had become the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. The Sephardi Hebrew Congregation, established in 1960, also operates a shul from the G&SPHC's Weizmann Hall on Regent Road in Sea Point.