hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Prince Christian of Hanover
Prince Christian of Hanover (Christian Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz; born 1 June 1985) is a German prince in pretense, the younger son of Ernst August Prinz von Hannover, and his first wife, Chantal Hochuli.

Ernst August von Hannover (born 1954)
Ernst August von Hannover (German: Ernst August Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig Prinz von Hannover Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg Königlicher Prinz von Großbritannien und Irland, lit. 'Ernest Augustus Albert Paul Otto Rupert Oscar Berthold Frederick-Ferdinand Christian-Louis, Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Royal Prince of Great Britain and Ireland'; born 26 February 1954) is the head of the House of Hanover, members of which reigned in Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1901, the Kingdom of Hanover from 1814 to 1866 (electorate, from 1714 to 1814), and the Duchy of Brunswick from 1913 to 1918. As the husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco, he is the brother-in-law of Albert II, Prince of Monaco.
Ned Haig
Ned Haig (7 December 1858 in Jedburgh, Scotland – 29 March 1939 in Melrose, Scotland, buried in Wairds Cemetery, Melrose, Scotland) was a butcher and rugby union player notable for founding the sport of rugby sevens. He moved to Melrose when he was young. There he took up rugby (now rugby union) and joined Melrose Rugby Football Club (RFC) in 1880. In 1883 Haig suggested hosting a sports tournament to help raise money for the Melrose RFC and came up with the idea of playing with seven rather than 15 a side and reducing the match length to 15 minutes (from 80 minutes).

Melrose RFC
Melrose Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club located in the town of Melrose in the Scottish Borders. The men's side competes in the Scottish Premiership. The club plays at the Greenyards. The club is synonymous with inventing Rugby sevens and their tournament the Melrose Sevens is one of the most prestigious sevens tournaments in the world.

Between the 2019-2020 and 2023-2024 seasons the club ran a men's professional side known as the Southern Knights which competed in the Super 6 league and Super Sprint competitions.
Mr. C. B.
Mr. C. B. (Japanese : ミスターシービー, April 7, 1980 - December 15, 2000) was a Japanese Thoroughbred racehorse and stud. In 1983 he won the Japanese Triple Crown, becoming the third horse to do so after St Lite and Shinzan. In recognition of this feat and his other strong showings, Mr. C. B. was named Japanese Horse of the Year for 1983 by the JRA, and would later be inducted into the Japan Racing Association Hall of Fame in 1986. He was also the first Triple Crown winner to be ridden by the same jockey, Masato Yoshinaga, from his debut until his retirement. The initials "C. B." stand for Chigira Bokujō (lit. 'Chigira Farm'), his birthplace.

Mr. C. B. died of laminitis on December 15, 2000.

Shinzan
Shinzan (シンザン; 2 April 1961 – 13 July 1996) was a thoroughbred racehorse that won the Japanese Triple Crown. He is known for being only the second horse in Japanese racing history to do so. He was called "sharp as a hatchet" during his career, and continues to be referred to as a "divine horse."
Greater Noida
Greater Noida is a planned city located in the Gautam Buddha Nagar district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was created as an extension of the area under the UP Industrial Area Development Act, of 1976. Situated 40.2 km (25.0 mi) southeast of the Center of the capital city New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. The city is administered by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA).

Noida was one of several planned cities developed in the 1980s to address rapid population growth in metropolitan areas such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. However, population growth in Noida surpassed early projections, prompting the Government of Uttar Pradesh to plan an extension of the city — later developed as Greater Noida.

Noida–Greater Noida Expressway
The Noida–Greater Noida Expressway is a six-lane expressway connecting Noida, Uttar Pradesh, an industrial suburb of Delhi to Greater Noida, a new suburb adjacent to Noida. This expressway is under expansion to Taj Economic Zone, International Airport and Aviation Hub proposed to be constructed along the Yamuna Expressway (Taj Expressway). The expressway is 24.53 km (15.24 mi) long, built at a cost of ₹400 Crore to relieve the old Delhi-Agra national highway (NH-2) which was already congested and ran through the heart of cities like Faridabad, Ballabhgarh and Palwal.
Kempraten railway station
Kempraten railway station (German: Bahnhof Kempraten) is a railway station in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen, situated near the village of Kempraten in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona.  The station is located on the Lake Zurich right bank railway line, within both fare zone 180 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) and fare zone 996 of the Ostwind Fare Network.

Kempraten is one of four active railway stations in  Rapperswil-Jona (the others being Rapperswil, Jona and Blumenau).

Rapperswil railway station
Rapperswil railway station (German: Bahnhof Rapperswil) is located next to the old town and harbour of Rapperswil in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen. It lies within both fare zone 180 of the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV) and fare zone 996 of the Ostwind Fare Network. It is the largest of four active railway stations in the municipality of Rapperswil-Jona (the other three being Jona, Kempraten and Blumenau). Rapperswil railway station is situated on the north shore of Lake Zürich at the northern end of the Seedamm, which separates the Obersee (upper Lake Zürich) from the main body of the lake.

Because the Seedamm carries both rail and road connections from the south shore of the lake, and because Rapperswil is the meeting point of three separate line from the northern side of the lake, the station is a major nodal point on the local rail network, notably of the Zurich Transport Network (ZVV). The first railway opened in 1859.
Archer-class patrol vessel
The Archer class (or P2000) is a class of patrol and training vessel in service with the United Kingdom's Royal Navy, commonly referred to as a "fast training boat". Most are assigned to Coastal Forces Squadron. HMS Tracker and HMS Raider are armed and provide maritime force protection to high value shipping in the Firth of Clyde and are most commonly employed as escorts for submarines transiting to Faslane. Pursuer and Dasher were also armed during their deployment on maritime force protection duties with the Gibraltar Squadron from 2020 to 2022.

HMS Tracker (P274)
HMS Tracker  is an Archer-class (P2000) patrol and training vessel of the British Royal Navy. Along with the batch 2 Archer class, HMS Raider, Tracker is part of the Faslane Patrol Boat Squadron based at HMNB Clyde.
Amina Hydari
Amina Hydari (1878–1939) was an Indian social worker. In 1908, she received the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal, the first woman recipient, for her work during the Great Musi Flood of 1908. The wife of former Prime Minister of Kingdom of Hyderabad Akbar Hydari, she founded the Lady Hydari Club in 1929 and Mahboobia Girls School, the first girls' school in the State. Her uncle was the lawyer and congressman Badruddin Tyabji.

Akbar Hydari
To be distinguished from his son who was the Governor of Assam, Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari.

Sir Muhammad Akbar Nazar Ali Hydari, Sadr ul-Maham, PC (1869–1941) was an Indian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State from 18 March 1937 to September 1941.
Belled buzzard
The belled buzzard is a fearsome critter in American folklore frequently cited as an omen of disaster by the sounding of its bell. The animal is otherwise depicted as an ordinary buzzard except with a bell affixed to it. The belled buzzard originated from actual accounts of turkey vultures being fastened with cow or sleigh bells. The belief that the belled buzzard was one continuous entity, and not multiple birds, was common, and the creature rose to prominence in the 1880s on through the turn of the twentieth century. Belled buzzard stories circulated principally throughout the Southern United States, and it is the origin of the colloquialism "not enough sense to bell a buzzard."

Fearsome critters
In North American folklore and American mythology, fearsome critters were tall tale animals jokingly said to inhabit the wilderness in or around logging camps,  especially in the Great Lakes region. Today, the term may also be applied to similar fabulous beasts.
Dense-in-itself
In general topology, a subset  of a topological space is said to be dense-in-itself or crowded
if  has no isolated point.
Equivalently,  is dense-in-itself if every point of  is a limit point of .
Thus  is dense-in-itself if and only if , where  is the derived set of .

A dense-in-itself closed set is called a perfect set.  (In other words, a perfect set is a closed set without isolated point.)

The notion of dense set is distinct from dense-in-itself.  This can sometimes be confusing, as "X is dense in X" (always true) is not the same as "X is dense-in-itself" (no isolated point).

Dense set
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational number or has a rational number arbitrarily close to it (see Diophantine approximation). 
Formally,  is dense in  if the smallest closed subset of  containing  is  itself.

The density of a topological space  is the least cardinality of a dense subset of
Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area
Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area is a National Wildlife Area in British Columbia, Canada, primarily set aside to protect winter rangeland for California bighorn sheep. In 1979, the Vaseux-Bighorn Wildlife Area was established in response to substantial reduction in wild animal populations in the area. Identified factors contributing to species decline at the time were high predator population, overharvesting of species, and illegal hunting. Land development, cattle raising, and lumbering also might have altered species populations. Under these conditions, the area was able to be classified as a Category IV area by the IUCN  and is now used for wildlife habitat and conservation.  Even with minimal anthropogenic use of the area, threats persist through invasive species. Recreational use is limited spatially and is only open to the public during the day.

National Wildlife Area
A National Wildlife Area is a conservation designation for a geographical region in Canada that restricts most human activities on that region. However, land use permits may be issued "for activities that are compatible with conservation". Such areas are established and managed by the Canadian Wildlife Service, a division of Environment and Climate Change Canada. They may consist of land and water features, as well as coastal areas extending up to 12 nautical miles (22 km) from shore.

The largest national wildlife area is the Scott Islands Marine National Wildlife Area in British Columbia, which covers an area of 11,570.65 km2 (4,467.45 sq mi).
Acemhöyük
Acemhöyük is an archaeological site in Turkey. The tell is located near the village of Yeşilova in Merkez district, Aksaray Province. The Bronze Age name for the place was probably Purušḫanda/Purušḫattum or Ullama. The site was important during the Early Bronze Age as part of the Anatolian Trade Network and the Middle Bronze Age as a colony in the Assyrian Trade Network, with a trading post called Karum.

Purushanda
Purushanda (also variously Puruskhanda, Purushhattum, Purushhatum or Burushattum) was an Anatolian kingdom of the early second millennium prior to the common era. It was conquered by the Hittites circa 1700 BC. The name disappears from history soon thereafter.
Longitude rewards
The longitude rewards were the system of inducement prizes offered by the British government for a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude at sea. The prizes, established through an act of Parliament, the Longitude Act 1714 (13 Ann. c. 14), in 1714, were administered by the Board of Longitude.

This was by no means the first reward to be offered to solve this problem. Philip II of Spain offered one in 1567, Philip III in 1598 offered 6,000 ducats and a pension, whilst the States General of the Netherlands offered 10,000 florins shortly after. In 1675 Robert Hooke wanted to apply for a £1,000 reward in England for his invention of a spring-regulated watch. However, these large sums were never won, though several people were awarded smaller amounts for significant achievements.

Board of Longitude
The Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude at Sea, or more popularly Board of Longitude, was a British government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea.
Simon Lazard
Simon Lazard (April 8, 1828 – February 24, 1898) was a Franco-American banker who co-founded Lazard Frères & Co., reorganized in 2000 as Lazard.

A native of Lorraine, France, a young merchant of antebellum New Orleans, pioneer of the California gold rush, and, finally, an international banker by the end of the nineteenth century, Simon Lazard with his brothers in Lazard Freres had built high-level financial relationships in business and government within a network encompassing France, England, and the U.S.

Lazard
Lazard Inc. (formerly known as Lazard Ltd and Lazard Frères & Co.) is an American financial advisory and asset management firm that engages in investment banking, asset management and other financial services, primarily with institutional clients. It is the world's largest independent investment bank, with principal executive offices in New York City, Paris and London.

Lazard was founded in 1848 and operates from 41 cities across 26 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. The firm provides advice on mergers and acquisitions, strategic matters, restructuring and capital structure, capital raising and corporate finance, as well as asset management services to corporations, partnerships, institutions, governments and individuals.
Margate railway station
Margate railway station serves the town of Margate in Thanet, Kent, England. It is 73 miles 69 chains (118.9 km) down the line from London Victoria. The station and all trains that serve the station are operated by Southeastern.

Trains from the station generally run to Victoria via Chatham or to London St Pancras via Ramsgate, Canterbury West and Ashford International. Peak hour trains run to St Pancras via Chatham and Gravesend and to London Cannon Street.

Canterbury West railway station
Canterbury West railway station is a Grade II listed railway station, and the busier of the two stations in Canterbury in Kent, England. The station as well as all services are operated by Southeastern with both main line and high speed trains serving the station.

The station and its line was built by the South Eastern Railway and opened in 1846. It was the first mainline station in Canterbury, while the later Canterbury East was built by the London, Chatham & Dover Railway. There was also a connection to the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway, the first railway in Kent, and later to the Elham Valley Railway; these have both since closed.
Epsom Downs Branch
The Epsom Downs Branch is a 3-mile-65-chain (6.1 km) railway line in Greater London and Surrey, England. It runs from Sutton to its southern terminus at Epsom Downs, with intermediate stations at Belmont and Banstead. With the exception of the northernmost 39 ch (780 m), the branch is single track. All stations are managed by Southern, which operates all passenger trains. Most services run between Epsom Downs and London Victoria via Selhurst.

The line was primarily built for racegoers attending Epsom Downs Racecourse and was promoted by the Banstead and Epsom Downs Railway. Authorisation was granted by parliament in July 1862 and construction was completed by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway. The branch opened as a double track line on 22 May 1865. It was electrified by the Southern Railway using the 750 V DC third-rail system in 1928 and the majority of the branch has operated as a single line since 1981.

Epsom Downs railway station
Epsom Downs railway station is in the Borough of Reigate and Banstead in Surrey. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by Southern. It is on the Epsom Downs line 18 miles 57 chains (18.71 miles, 30.11 km) down the line from London Bridge, measured via West Croydon. In the past the station had nine platforms, but today only one remains.

Epsom Downs is near Tattenham Corner station which is on the Tattenham Corner line, also served by Southern. Both are in London fare zone 6.
Silicon Wadi
Silicon Wadi (Hebrew: סִילִיקוֹן וָאדִי, lit. 'Silicon Valley') is a region in Israel that serves as one of the global centres for advanced technology. It spans the Israeli coastal plain, and is cited as among the reasons why the country has become known as the world's "start-up nation" (see science and technology in Israel). The highest concentrations of high-tech industry in the region can be found around Tel Aviv, including small clusters around the cities of Raʽanana, Petah Tikva, Herzliya, Netanya, Rehovot, and Ness Ziona. Additional clusters of high-tech industry can be found in Haifa and Caesarea. More recent high-tech establishments have been raised in cities such as Jerusalem and Beersheba, in towns such as Yokneam Illit, and in Airport City. Israel has the third highest number of startups by region, the highest rate of startups per capita in the world, with one in three cybersecurity unicorns in the world being an Israeli company.

Start-up Nation
Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle is a 2009 book by Dan Senor and Saul Singer about the economy of Israel. It examines how Israel was able to reach such economic growth that "at the start of 2009, some 63 Israeli companies were listed on the NASDAQ, more than those of any other foreign country."

In 2010, Start-up Nation was ranked fifth on the business bestseller list of The New York Times. It also reached The Wall Street Journal bestseller list.

Despite claims in the media that Dan Senor coined the phrase "start-up nation" in 2009, the phrase was featured in American technology media at least since November 2000 in an article by Stacy Perman titled "Startup Nation" describing Israel.
Airworthiness directive
An airworthiness directive (commonly abbreviated as AD) is a notification to owners and operators of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics or other system exists and must be corrected.

If a certified aircraft has outstanding airworthiness directives that have not been complied with, the aircraft is not considered airworthy. Thus, it is mandatory for an aircraft operator to comply with an AD.

Type certificate
A type certificate signifies the airworthiness of a particular category of aircraft, according to its manufacturing design (type design). Certification confirms that the aircraft of a new type intended for serial production is in compliance with applicable airworthiness requirements established by the national air law.

For up to three seats, primary category aircraft certification costs around US$1 million, US$25 million for a general aviation aircraft and hundreds of millions of dollars for a commercial aircraft; certification delays can cost millions of dollars and can decide a program's profitability.
Carlyon
Carlyon (Cornish: Karleghyon, meaning fort of rock-slabs) is a civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies immediately east of the town of St Austell and has a coast onto Carlyon Bay, part of the larger St Austell Bay. The settlements in the parish are Carlyon Bay and Tregrehan Mills. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 1,577.

St Austell Bay
St Austell Bay (Cornish: Baya Ti war Dreth) is a bay on the southern coast of Cornwall in England. The bay is bounded to the east by Gribbin Head and to the west by Black Head. It takes its name from St Austell, the parish of which historically included much of the land on the western side of the bay, although the town itself is a little way inland.

A civil parish called St Austell Bay was created in 2009 covering an area on the western side of the bay, stretching from the southern edge of St Austell town to Black Head. The main settlements in the parish are Charlestown, Duporth, Higher and Lower Porthpean, and Trenarren. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 1,475.
Penn Center (Saint Helena Island, South Carolina)
The Penn Center, formerly the Penn School, is an African-American cultural and educational center in the Corners Community on Saint Helena Island.  Founded in 1862 by Quaker and Unitarian missionaries from Pennsylvania, it was the first school founded in the Southern United States specifically for the education of African-Americans.  It provided critical educational facilities to Gullah slaves freed after plantation owners fled the island, and continues to fulfill an educational mission.

The campus was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1974. Darrah Hall and the Brick Baptist Church on the campus were declared part of Reconstruction Era National Monument in January 2017.  In 2019, it became the Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, along with Fort Sumter.

Reconstruction Era National Historical Park
The Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, formerly Reconstruction Era National Monument, is a United States National Historical Park in Beaufort County, South Carolina established by President Barack Obama in January 2017 to preserve and commemorate activities during the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. The monument was the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the Reconstruction Era. The John D. Dingell Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, signed March 12, 2019, by President Donald Trump, re-designated it as a national historical park. It is administered by the National Park Service.
Gowrie
Gowrie (Scottish Gaelic: Gobharaidh) is a region in central Scotland and one of the original provinces of the Kingdom of Alba. It covered the eastern part of what became Perthshire. It was located to the immediate east of Atholl, and originally included the area around Perth (and the ancient Scottish royal sites of Scone), though that was later detached as Perthia.

Its chief settlement is the city of Perth. Today it is most often associated with the Carse of Gowrie, the part of Gowrie south of the Sidlaw Hills running east of Perth to Dundee.

Atholl
Atholl or Athole (Scottish Gaelic: Athall) is a district in the heart of the Scottish Highlands, bordering (in clockwise order, from north-east) Marr, Gowrie, Perth, Strathearn, Breadalbane, Lochaber, and Badenoch. Historically it was a Pictish kingdom, becoming one of the original provinces of the Kingdom of Alba before being incorporated into the sheriffdom and later county of Perthshire. Today it forms the northern part of Perth and Kinross, Scotland.