hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Université La Sagesse
The Université La Sagesse (Arabic: جامعة الحكمة), also known by the acronym ULS, is an established academic institute in Furn-El-Chebak, Lebanon. The university was established according to decree 1947 in 1999. But the university's Higher College of Law goes back to 1875.

The university is associated with Collège de la Sagesse, a Lebanese educational institution founded in 1875 that ran a Higher Institute of Law now incorporated in the university. Sagesse also includes a wide network of Lebanese Maronite elementary and secondary schools many of them continuing to study at the university.

But the university runs independently from the Sagesse school programme although it is similarly supervised by the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut.

The University of Wisdom provides young people with a wide range of specializations that enable them to acquire the skills necessary for the success of their project.

Collège de la Sagesse
The Collège de la Sagesse (Arabic: کلیة الحکمة) is a Lebanese major national and Catholic school founded in 1875 by the Maronite archbishop of Beirut at the time, Joseph Debs who laid the first stone of the original building. The school originally known as l'École de la Sagesse (Arabic: مدرسة الحکمة) is one of the oldest educational institutions in Lebanon and the region. The school offers programs leading to the Lebanese Baccalaureate and the French Baccalaureate. It serves toute petite section through terminale S (the final year of lycée or senior high school/sixth form college).

The campus included a famous Institut de Droit for higher education preparing lawyers after graduation from the college. In addition to a degree in Civil Law, the institute also offered Christian Canonical Law.

The college boasts amongst its graduates some of the most prominent Lebanese political, religious and artistic personalities stretched on many decades.
Blue-green shan shui
Blue-green shan shui (simplified Chinese: 青绿山水; traditional Chinese: 青綠山水; pinyin: qīnglǜ shānshuǐ; literally 'blue-green mountain-water') is a variety of shan shui, a style of Chinese painting that primarily depicts scenery. It tends to refer to an "ancient style" rather than modern ones. The main colours of the paintings are blues and greens, and in the early period it was painted using mineral dyes. This style was first formulated by Li Sixun (simplified Chinese: 李思训; traditional Chinese: 李思訓; pinyin: Lǐ Sī-Xùn), a general, politician, and famous painter in the Tang dynasty.

Shan shui
Shan shui (Chinese: 山水; pinyin: shān shuǐ; lit. 'mountain-water'; pronounced [ʂán ʂwèɪ]) refers to a style of traditional East Asian painting derived from Chinese painting that involves or depicts scenery or natural landscapes, using a brush and ink rather than more conventional paints. Mountains, rivers and waterfalls are common subjects of shan shui paintings.
Iskandariah Bridge
Iskandariah Bridge or Sultan Iskandar Bridge is one of four major bridges in Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia with the other one being the Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Bridge (Sayong Bridge). The 308-meter bridge crosses the Perak River near the town and is made out of steel.

The bridge remains as the longest steel arch bridge in Malaysia. Traffic on the bridge, however, was greatly reduced when the Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Bridge (Sayong Bridge) a little further downstream was opened to traffic in 2003 in conjunction with the completion of the North–South Expressway

Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Bridge
The Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Bridge (Malay: Jambatan Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah) is one of two bridges that cross the Perak River in Kuala Kangsar, Perak in Malaysia. The other bridge is the Iskandariah Bridge.

The bridge connects the town of Kuala Kangsar with Sayong village, spanning 330 meters across the river. It was officially opened by the late Almarhum Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak in June 2002.

This bridge has five (5) 60m spans and is an integral arch bridge without expansion joints and bearing. It is thus a state-of-the-art design for bridges built in tropical climatic conditions, where temperature variation is minimal. The bridge requires minimal long-term maintenance, as the quality of the structure was ensured during construction.
Southfields tube station
Southfields is a London Underground station in Southfields in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is on the Wimbledon branch of the District line, between Wimbledon Park and East Putney stations. The station is located on Wimbledon Park Road at the junction with Augustus Road and Replingham Road. It is in London fare zone 3.

Southfields is the most convenient station from which to reach the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, venue of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships; Wimbledon Park station is slightly closer as the crow flies but requires a longer walk. During the tournament, more than three times the usual numbers of passengers pass through the station.

Wimbledon Park tube station
Wimbledon Park is a London Underground station in Wimbledon, south-west London. It is on the Wimbledon branch of the District line, between Wimbledon and Southfields stations. The station is located on Arthur Road close to the junction with Melrose Avenue close to the eastern side of Wimbledon Park. It is about 200 metres (660 ft) west of Durnsford Road (A218) and is in London fare zone 3.
Dimick B. Huntington
Dimick Baker Huntington (May 26, 1808 – February 1, 1879) was a leading Indian interpreter in early Utah Territory.  He commissioned a 22-foot-long missionary panorama of C. C. A. Christensen to use in his presentations of the gospel to the Native Americans in 1871.
 That missionary panorama is housed in the Church History Museum of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

C. C. A. Christensen
Carl Christian Anton Christensen (November 28, 1831 – July 3, 1912) was a Danish-American painter who painted the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). It was said of Christensen that he "did more than any other person to capture the images of the history of Mormon migration to Utah and the life lived there".
Florence Shotridge
Florence Scundoo Shotridge (Tlingit, 1882–1917) was an Alaska Native ethnographer, museum educator, and weaver. From 1911 to 1917, she worked for the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (the Penn Museum). In 1905, she demonstrated Chilkat weaving at the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland, Oregon. In 1916, she co-directed with her husband Louis Shotridge (Tlingit, ca. 1882–1937) a collecting expedition to Southeast Alaska that was funded by the retail magnate and Penn Museum trustee John Wanamaker.

In 1913, Florence and Louis Shotridge co-authored an ethnographic article entitled, "Indians of the Northwest" which appeared in the University of Pennsylvania's Museum Journal. In the same issue, Florence Shotridge independently published an article entitled, "The Life of a Chilkat Indian Girl," in which she discussed both puberty customs for Tlingit girls as they transitioned into womanhood and Tlingit expectations for female behavior.

Louis Shotridge
Louis Situwuka Shotridge (April 15, 1883 – August 6, 1937) was an American art collector and ethnological assistant who was an expert on the traditions of his people, the Tlingit nation of southeastern Alaska.  His Tlingit name was Stoowukháa, which means "Astute One."
Saunders's tern
Saunders's tern (Sternula saundersi), sometimes known as the black-shafted tern, is a species of bird in the family Laridae.
It is sparsely resident along the shores of the north-western Indian Ocean (namely southern Somalia, Arabian Peninsula, Socotra, Pakistan, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and northern Sri Lanka).

It is a close relative of the little tern, least tern, yellow-billed tern, and Peruvian tern. In non-breeding plumages, the Saunder's tern and the little tern may be almost indistinguishable. The two have been considered by some to be conspecific.

Little tern
The little tern (Sternula albifrons) is a seabird of the family Laridae. It was first described by the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas in 1764 and given the binomial name Sterna albifrons. It was moved to the genus Sternula when the genus Sterna was restricted to the larger typical terns. The genus name Sternula is a diminutive of Sterna, 'tern', while the specific name albifrons is from Latin albus, 'white', and frons, 'forehead'.
Frances Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
Frances Anne Emily Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (15 April 1822 – 16 April 1899), was an English noblewoman, the wife of British peer and statesman John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough. One of her sons, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the father of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. She had a total of 11 children, and her principal home was the monumental Blenheim Palace, which she rejuvenated with her "lavish and exciting entertainments", and transformed into a "social and political focus for the life of the nation". She was invested as a Lady of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert for her efforts at famine relief in Ireland.

John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough
John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough (2 June 1822 – 4 July 1883), styled Earl of Sunderland from 1822 to 1840 and Marquess of Blandford from 1840 to 1857, was a British Conservative cabinet minister, politician, peer, and nobleman. He was the paternal grandfather of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill.
Maranda, Zimbabwe
21°09′00″S 30°19′05″E﻿ / ﻿21.15000°S 30.31806°E﻿ / -21.15000; 30.31806

Maranda, locally known as "No. 1", is a small business centre on the northern edge of Mwenezi (District), Zimbabwe. It is the hometown of Dr. Love (Paul Matavire), the former popular musician and Nikita Mangena, Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army military leader during the Second Chimurenga war. It is a centre of trade in the district, with people coming to sell their cattle in week-long trade fairs. The centre has a clinic and government agriculture and water offices. The land is occupied by the Vapfumbi people who speak Chipfumbi of the Kalanga and Karanga family and also partly the VhaVenda people who speak Tshivenda language.

Mwenezi District
Mwenezi, originally known as Nuanetsi, is a small district situated in southern Zimbabwe. It is bisected by the Mwenezi River and the A4 highway, the main thoroughfare that connects the town of Beitbridge, on the border with South Africa, to Masvingo.
Nominet UK
Nominet UK is currently delegated by IANA to be the manager of the .uk domain name. Nominet directly manages registrations directly under .uk, and some of the second level domains .co.uk, .org.uk, .sch.uk, .me.uk, .net.uk, .ltd.uk and .plc.uk. Nominet also manages the .wales and .cymru domains.

As of February 2021, the .uk register held 10,922,477 .uk domain names. This represents a year-on-year downward trend, when compared to February 2020, this is mainly due to the lapsing of the recently launched .uk domain names.

.uk
.uk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom. It was first registered in July 1985, seven months after the original generic top-level domains such as .com and the first country code after .us.

As of April 2021, it is the fifth most popular top-level domain worldwide (after .com, .cn, .de and .net), with over 10 million registrations.

.uk has used OpenDNSSEC since March 2010.
Colugo
Colugos (/kəˈluːɡoʊ/), flying lemurs, or cobegos (/kəˈbiːɡoʊ/), are arboreal gliding primatomorphs that are native to Southeast Asia. Their closest evolutionary relatives are primates. There are just two living species of colugos: the Sunda flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus) and the Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans). These two species make up the entire family Cynocephalidae (/ˌsaɪnoʊˌsɛfəˈlaɪdi, -ˌkɛ-/) and order Dermoptera, from Ancient Greek δέρμα (dérma), meaning "skin", and πτερόν (pterón), meaning "wing".

Sunda flying lemur
The Sunda flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus), also called Malayan flying lemur and Malayan colugo, is the sole colugo species of the genus Galeopterus. It is native to Southeast Asia from southern Myanmar, Thailand, southern Vietnam, Malaysia to Singapore and Indonesia and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Although it is called "flying lemur", it cannot fly but glides among trees and is strictly arboreal. It is active at night, and feeds on soft plant parts such as young leaves, shoots, flowers, and fruits. It is a forest-dependent species.

The Sunda flying lemur is protected by national legislation. The Sunda flying lemurs are often hunted by local people with spears or other lethal equipment for various reasons such as food and fur. Habitat loss is known to occur intermittently, particularly in developing countries such as Malaysia.
German submarine U-2322
German submarine U-2322 was a highly advanced Type XXIII U-boat built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1944. U-2322 was one of just a few such boats to undertake an operational patrol, and one of only three to undergo two. During these patrols, she succeeded in sinking a single British freighter, one of five ships sunk by this submarine class.

U-2322 was built at Hamburg in just four months, being ready by July 1944. As a prototype of a new class of boats, she was not ready for active service until 1945, as there were numerous engineering difficulties to contend with and the crew had to be trained to manage the new boat and new operational tactics practised and decided on. When she was finally ready for a war patrol in February 1945, it was more as an experiment into the abilities of the boat than a real attempt to damage allied shipping.

Type XXIII submarine
German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboote ("electric boats") to become operational. They were small coastal submarines designed to operate in the shallow waters of the North Sea, Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, where larger Type XXI electric boats were at risk in World War II. They were so small they could carry only two torpedoes, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the snorkel, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
Kishka (food)
Kishka or kishke (Belarusian: кішка, kishka [ˈkʲiʂka]; Czech: jelito [ˈjɛlɪto]; Slovak: krvavnica [ˈkr̩vaʋɲit͡sa] (regionally also hurka); Polish: kiszka / kaszanka; Romanian: caltaboş; Yiddish: קישקע : kishke; Hebrew קישקע; Russian: кишка [kʲɪʂˈka] ⓘ; Ukrainian: кишка [ˈkɪʃkɐ] ⓘ; also Slovene: krvavica/kašnica; Lithuanian: vėdarai; Hungarian: hurka [ˈhurkɒ]) refers to various types of sausage or stuffed intestine with a filling made from a combination of meat and meal, often grain or potato. The dish is popular across Eastern Europe as well as with immigrant communities from those areas. It is also eaten by Ashkenazi Jews who prepare their version according to kashrut dietary laws.

The name kishke is Slavic in origin, and literally means "gut" or "intestine". It may be related to the Ancient Greek word κύστις (kystis), "bladder", as both words refer to a hollow viscus.

Kaszanka
Kaszanka is a traditional blood sausage in Central and Eastern European cuisine. It is made of a mixture of pig's blood, pork offal (commonly liver), and buckwheat (kasha) or barley stuffed in a pig intestine. It is usually flavored with onion, black pepper, and marjoram.

The dish likely originated in Germany or Denmark.

Kaszanka may be eaten cold, but traditionally it is either grilled or fried with onions and then served with potato and sauerkraut.
Eduard Azaryan
Eduard Azaryan (Armenian: Էդուարդ Ազարյան, born 11 April 1958) is a former Soviet Armenian artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic Champion and four-time Soviet Champion. Azaryan was awarded the Honoured Master of Sport of the USSR title in 1980. He is the son of Albert Azaryan.

Albert Azaryan
Albert Azaryan (Armenian: Ալբերտ Ազարյան; 11 February 1929 – 5 September 2023) was a Soviet and Armenian artistic gymnast who competed internationally representing the Soviet Union. He was the 1956 and 1960 Olympic Champion on the still rings. Azaryan was the first gymnast to become an Olympic Champion in rings twice. He was the first person to do one of the rings most famous variations of the Iron Cross called the Azaryan Cross (not to be confused with the Azarian Roll to Cross), which incorporates a quarter turn to the side.
Veterans Stadium
Veterans Stadium was a multi-purpose stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, at the northeast corner of Broad Street and Pattison Avenue, part of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex. The seating capacities were 65,358 for football, and 56,371 for baseball.

It hosted the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1971 to 2003 and the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) from 1971 to 2002. The 1976 and 1996 Major League Baseball All-Star Games were held at the venue. It also hosted the annual Army-Navy football game between 1980 and 2001.

In addition to professional baseball and football, the stadium hosted other amateur and professional sports, large entertainment events, and other civic affairs. It was demolished by implosion in March 2004, being replaced by the adjacent Citizens Bank Park and Lincoln Financial Field. A parking lot now sits on its former site.

Citizens Bank Park
Citizens Bank Park is a baseball stadium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Home to Major League Baseball's Philadelphia Phillies, the stadium opened April 3, 2004.

The 42,901-seat ballpark was built to replace the 33-year-old Veterans Stadium, a multipurpose football and baseball facility that was demolished in 2004. Citizens Bank Park features a natural grass-and-dirt playing field and Philadelphia-style food stands that serve cheesesteak sandwiches, hoagies, Tastykakes, soft pretzels, Yards and Yuengling beer, and other regional specialties.

The ballpark is named after Citizens Bank, N.A.. It sits on the northeast corner of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex, which includes Lincoln Financial Field, Xfinity Mobile Arena, and Stateside Live!, a dining and entertainment venue which often serves as a media hub for various live broadcasts.
Therapnes
Therapnes (Greek: Θεράπνες) is a municipal unit (dimotiki enotita) of the municipality (dimos) of Sparti within the regional unit (perifereiaki enotita) of Laconia in the region (perifereia) of Peloponnese, one of 13 regions into which Greece has been divided. The municipal unit has an area of 261.711 km2. Before 2011 Therapnes was a Demos of Lakonia according to Law 2539 of 1997, the Kapodistria Plan. Its seat was Gkoritsa, which now has no such status. Within its borders lies the ancient town of Therapne.

Both before the Kallikratis law and after it, Therapnes was composed of the same eight Local Communities (topiki koinotita), the lowest level of the hierarchy: Agioi Anargyroi (formerly Zouraina), Agrianoi, Gkoritsa, Kalloni, Kefalas, Platana, Skoura and Chrysafa. The population of Therapnes in the 2021 census, conducted by the Ministry of the Interior, was 2,025.

Sparta, Laconia
Sparta (Greek: Σπάρτη, Spárti [ˈsparti]) is a city and municipality in the Peloponnese region of Greece, and the capital of the Laconia regional unit. It lies at the site of ancient Sparta within the Evrotas Valley. The municipality was merged with six nearby municipalities in 2011, for a total population of 32,786 as of 2021, of whom 17,773 live in the city.
Telephone number (mathematics)
In mathematics, the telephone numbers or the involution numbers form a sequence of integers that count the ways n people can be connected by person-to-person telephone calls. These numbers also describe the number of matchings (the Hosoya index) of a complete graph on n vertices, the number of permutations on n elements that are involutions, the sum of absolute values of coefficients of the Hermite polynomials, the number of standard Young tableaux with n cells, and the sum of the degrees of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group. Involution numbers were first studied in 1800 by Heinrich August Rothe, who gave a recurrence equation by which they may be calculated, giving the values (starting from n = 0)

Matching (graph theory)
In the mathematical discipline of graph theory, a matching or independent edge set in an undirected graph is a set of edges without common vertices. In other words, a subset of the edges is a matching if each vertex appears in at most one edge of that matching.

Finding a largest matching in a bipartite graph can be treated as a network flow problem.  Finding a largest matching in a general graph is much more difficult; it can be done using Edmonds' blossom algorithm.
Kelly Nelon Clark
Kelly Nelon Clark (December 1, 1959 – July 26, 2024) was an American inspirational Christian and southern gospel vocalist.

Nelon was the head of the family singing group known as the Nelons.  The group was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 2016. She had continued the Nelon singing name after her father, gospel singer Rex Nelon.

Nelon won Singing News Fan Awards in the categories of Favorite Alto and Favorite Female Vocalist in 1980, 1981, 1982, 1987, and 1990. She was associated with Bill Gaither's Homecoming events. In 2017, she released a memoir titled “Coffee with Kelly;  Reflections of Hope and Humor”.

She and six others including her husband and daughter died on July 26, 2024, after their private plane crashed into a remote area in Campbell County, Wyoming.

The Nelons
The Nelons, formerly the Rex Nelon Singers, were an American southern gospel group based in Atlanta, Georgia. Members included Kelly Nelon Clark, her husband Jason Clark, and Kelly's daughters Amber Nelon Kistler and Autumn Nelon Streetman.  The Nelons were inducted into the Gospel Music Association (GMA) Hall of Fame in 2016.

Three members of the quartet, Kelly Nelon Clark, Jason Clark and Amber Nelon Kistler, were killed in an airplane crash in a remote part of Campbell County, Wyoming, just north of Gillette in July 2024. The surviving member, Autumn Nelon Streetman, was not on board.
Zheng Keshuang
Zheng Keshuang, Prince of Yanping (Chinese: 鄭克塽; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tēⁿ Khek-sióng; 13 August 1670 – 22 September 1707), courtesy name Shihong, art name Huitang, was the third and last ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in the 17th century. He was the second son of Zheng Jing and a grandson of Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong). After surrendering to the Qing dynasty in 1683, he was ennobled as Duke of Hanjun (漢軍公), and lived the rest of his life in Beijing.

Zheng Jing
Zheng Jing, Prince of Yanping (Chinese: 鄭經; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tēⁿ Keng; 25 October 1642 – 17 March 1681), courtesy names Xianzhi (Chinese: 賢之; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hiân-chi) and Yuanzhi (Chinese: 元之; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Goân-chi), pseudonym Shitian (Chinese: 式天; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sek-thian), was initially a Southern Ming military general who later became the second ruler of the Tungning Kingdom of Taiwan by succeeding his father Koxinga's hereditary title of "Prince of Yanping", reigned as a dynastic monarch of the kingdom from 1662 to 1681.