hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Wiscasset Historic District
The Wiscasset Historic District is a 101-acre (41 ha) historic district that encompasses substantially all of the central village of Wiscasset, Maine.  The district includes at least 22 contributing buildings and two other contributing sites, one being a cemetery whose oldest stone is from 1739.  Located on the west bank of the Sheepscot River and settled in the 18th century, Wiscasset was a prominent harbor in Mid Coast Maine, and a major shipbuilding and merchant port, until the War of 1812 ended its prosperity.  The village center includes fine examples of Federal period architecture, most built between about 1780 and 1820, including one National Historic Landmark, the Nickels-Sortwell House.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.

Nickels-Sortwell House
The Nickels-Sortwell House is a historic house museum at 121 Main Street in Wiscasset, Maine, United States.  Built in 1807 by a wealthy ship's captain, the house was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970 as an exceptionally high-quality example of the Federal style of architecture.  After serving as a hotel for much of the 19th century, the house returned to private hands in 1900.  It was given to Historic New England in 1958, which gives tours of the house between May and October.
Twin pagodas of Baisikou
The twin pagodas of Baisikou (Chinese: 拜寺口双塔) are located on a mountain slope plateau of the Helan Mountains within Helan County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. They stand 100 meters apart from each other. The specific construction date of the two pagodas is not recorded, but based on the surrounding traces of relics and unearthed cultural relics in the pagodas it can be determined that they were built during the Western Xia period. The two pagodas underwent multiple major repairs during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In 1988, the twin pagodas of Baisikou were designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Yinchuan
Yinchuan (Chinese: 银川; pinyin: Yínchuān; lit. "Silver River") is a prefecture‑level city and the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China. It served as the imperial capital of the Tangut‑led Western Xia (1038–1227).

Yinchuan hosts the biennial China–Arab States Expo. As of the 2020 Chinese census, Yinchuan’s administrative area had 2,859,074 inhabitants; the built‑up area had 2,564,918 residents, comprising the three urban districts and the urbanized parts of Helan and Yongning counties. At the end of 2024, the resident population of the city was 2,914,700, an increase of 66,600 over the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 2,429,400.
Lady Moyra Butler
Lady Moyra Butler (2 December 1920 – 26 May 1959) was the daughter of George Butler, 5th Marquess of Ormonde and Sybil Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde (nee The Hon. Sybil Fellowes). She was one of the last members of the Butler Dynasty to reside at Kilkenny Castle. Along with her second husband Count Guy van den Steen de Jehay she financed and oversaw the restoration of the Van den Steen's ancestral seat in Belgium, the Chateau de Jehay during the 1950s. During the Second World War she was, for a time, reportedly the only female transport driver attached to the British Red Cross Prisoners of War Department. Through her mother she was a first-cousin once-removed of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

Sybil Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde
Sybil Butler, Marchioness of Ormonde (born The Honourable Sybil Fellowes) (24 October 1888 - 18 May 1948) was an Anglo-Irish aristocrat. In 1915 she married Captain George Butler, who inherited the ancestral Ormonde Estates in Ireland in 1919. She was last Chateleine of the Kilkenny Castle, which was the seat of the Earls and Marquesses of Ormonde for 576 years. She was born the daughter of William Henry Fellowes, 2nd Baron de Ramsey and Lady Rosamond Spencer-Churchill. Through her mother, she was a granddaughter of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, and first-cousin of Sir Winston Churchill.
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Translation
The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Translation is an award given every year by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy) to writers for translating a work from a foreign language to Malayalam. It is one of the twelve categories of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award.

Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award
Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award is given each year, since 1958, by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi (Kerala Literary Academy), to Malayalam writers for their outstanding books of literary merit. The awards are given in various categories. The Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is also awarded to induct Malayalam writers as distinguished members of the Akademi.
Earl King
Earl Silas Johnson IV (February 7, 1934 – April 17, 2003), known as Earl King, was an American singer, guitarist, and songwriter, most active in blues music. A composer of blues standards such as "Come On" (covered by Jimi Hendrix, Freddie King, Stevie Ray Vaughan) and "Big Chief" (recorded by Professor Longhair), he was an important figure in New Orleans R&B.

Professor Longhair
Henry Roeland Byrd (December 19, 1918 – January 30, 1980), better known as Professor Longhair or "Fess" for short, was an American singer and pianist who performed New Orleans blues. He was active in two distinct periods, first in the heyday of early rhythm and blues and later in the resurgence of interest in traditional jazz after the founding of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 1970.  His piano style has been described as "instantly recognizable, combining rumba, mambo, and calypso".

Music journalist Tony Russell (in his book The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray) wrote that "The vivacious rhumba-rhythmed piano blues and choked singing typical of Fess were too weird to sell millions of records; he had to be content with siring musical offspring who were simple enough to manage that, like Fats Domino or Huey "Piano" Smith. But he is also acknowledged as a father figure by subtler players like Allen Toussaint and Dr. John."
Carry-skip adder
A carry-skip adder (also known as a carry-bypass adder or a carry-cancel adder) is an adder implementation that improves on the delay of a ripple-carry adder with little effort compared to other adders. The improvement of the worst-case delay is achieved by using several carry-skip adders to form a block-carry-skip adder.

Unlike other fast adders, carry-skip adder performance is increased with only some of the combinations of input bits. This means, speed improvement is only probabilistic.

Adder (electronics)
An adder, or summer, is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used in the arithmetic logic units (ALUs). They are also used in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, increment and decrement operators and similar operations.

Although adders can be constructed for many number representations, such as binary-coded decimal or excess-3, the most common adders operate on binary numbers.
In cases where two's complement or ones' complement is being used to represent negative numbers, it is trivial to modify an adder into an adder–subtractor.
Other signed number representations require more logic around the basic adder.
Transjakarta Corridor 1
The Transjakarta Corridor 1 is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit route in Jakarta, Indonesia. The route operates between Blok M Terminal and Kali Besar BRT station in Kota Tua Jakarta. It is the first route of the Transjakarta BRT system. The roads that are traversed by Corridor 1 are along Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Trunojoyo, Sisingamangaraja, Sudirman, MH Thamrin, Medan Merdeka Barat, Gajah Mada / Hayam Wuruk, Pintu Besar Utara, Kali Besar Barat, Kunir, and Lada Dalam. Key integration points include Dukuh Atas TOD that is currently an integration point for four transport modes, Jakarta Kota station which serves KRL Commuterline, and Harmoni station that is one of the main hubs in the BRT system. From Blok M to Bundaran HI ASTRA stations, this corridor is in parallel with North–South Line of the Jakarta MRT, thus many of the BRT stations are integrated directly with the MRT stations. Currently, all bus stations are served by buses 24 hours a day.

Harmoni (Transjakarta)
Harmoni is a Transjakarta bus rapid transit station located in Hayam Wuruk street, Jakarta, Indonesia. The name of the station comes from the Harmony Society Building, which once stood nearby its area. It used to be a central station and transit point between corridor 1, 2, 3, 8, and other routes. Due to the ongoing construction of the Jakarta MRT, the operational of the station has moved into a temporary building located at the north of the original building. The temporary building has limited capacity that can only serves corridor 1 only and several routes have to be rerouted.
Battle of Piedmont
The Battle of Piedmont was fought June 5, 1864, in the village of Piedmont, Augusta County, Virginia. Union Major Geneneral David Hunter engaged Confederates under Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones north of Piedmont. After severe fighting, Jones was killed and the Confederates were routed. Hunter occupied Staunton on June 6 and soon began to advance on Lynchburg, destroying military stores and public property in his wake.

Augusta County, Virginia
Augusta County is a county in the Shenandoah Valley on the western edge of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The second-largest county of Virginia by total area, it completely surrounds the independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro. Its county seat is Staunton, but most of the administrative services have offices in neighboring Verona.

The county was created in 1738 from part of Orange County and was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. It was originally a huge area, but many of its parts were carved out to form other counties and several states until the current borders were finalized in 1790.

As of the 2020 census, the county's population was 77,487. Along with Staunton and Waynesboro, it forms the Staunton–Waynesboro, VA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca
The Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (Spanish: Estado Libre e Independiente de Cundinamarca) was a rebel state in colonial Colombia. It included parts of the former New Kingdom of Granada (part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada). The state originated as a result of the Foolish Fatherland (Patria Boba) period at the beginning of the Spanish American wars of independence. Its capital was Bogotá, the former capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada.

First Republic of New Granada
The First Republic of New Granada, known derogatorily as the Foolish Fatherland (Spanish: la Patria Boba), is the period in the history of Colombia immediately following the declaration of independence from Spain in 1810 as the first South American independent nation to break away from Spanish rule until the Spanish reconquest in 1816. The period between 1810 and 1816 in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (which included present-day Colombia) was marked by such intense conflicts over the nature of the new government or governments that it became known as la Patria Boba (the Foolish Fatherland). Constant fighting between federalists and centralists gave rise to a prolonged period of instability that eventually favored Spanish reconquest. Similar developments can be seen at the same time in the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Each province, and even some cities, set up its own autonomous junta, which declared themselves sovereign from each other.
BBC Radio Lancashire
BBC Radio Lancashire is the BBC's local radio station serving the county of Lancashire in England.

Originally launched as BBC Radio Blackburn, it expanded in 1981 to cover the whole county and was renamed BBC Radio Lancashire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios on Darwen Street in Blackburn.

According to RAJAR, the station had a weekly audience of 167,000 listeners in June 2025.

BBC Local Radio
BBC Local Radio (also referred to as Local BBC Radio) is the BBC's local and regional radio division for England and the Channel Islands, consisting of 39 stations.

As of December 2024, the network broadcasts to a combined audience of 7.1 million, with a listening share of 4.6%, according to RAJAR.

BBC Local Radio does not operate in Northern Ireland, Scotland or Wales, which instead have their own national stations.
Lanyon Place railway station
Belfast Lanyon Place (formerly Belfast Central) is a railway station serving the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland. Located on East Bridge Street in the Laganside area of central Belfast, it is one of four stations in the city centre, the others being City Hospital, Botanic, and Belfast Grand Central.

The station serves Northern Ireland Railways routes to Derry, Bangor and Larne. Until 2024, Lanyon Place was also the northern terminus of the cross-border Enterprise service to Dublin Connolly, jointly run with Iarnród Éireann.

City Hospital railway station
City Hospital railway station, situated on Donegall Road, serves Belfast City Hospital and the surrounding area of south Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is one of the four stations located in the city centre, the others being Botanic, Lanyon Place, and Belfast Grand Central.

The station opened on 6 October 1986, and is very close to Botanic Station.
Innlandet (island)
Innlandet is an island in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The island is the smallest of the four main islands of the town of Kristiansund (the others are Kirkelandet, Gomalandet, and Nordlandet). The island is connected to the island of Kirkelandet (to the north) by the Sørsund Bridge. The 73-hectare (180-acre) island sits east of the Bremsnesfjorden and west of the island of Nordlandet. Most of the island is urban, except for the 64-metre (210 ft) tall hill on the eastern end of the island which is forested.

The island was barely affected by the bombings during World War II, so the island is full of the characteristic old wooden buildings that were prevalent in the 1800s and early 1900s.

Kirklandet
Kirklandet or Gomalandet is an island in Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The island is split in two by the Vågen inlet, with the western half called Kirklandet and the eastern half called Gomalandet. The name of the island means "church land", since it has been the historic site of a church. Today, Kirkelandet Church is located on the western part of the island.

This is the main island of the city of Kristiansund, with the island of Innlandet to the southwest, the island of Nordlandet to the southeast, and the island of Skorpa to the east. The main highway on the island is Norwegian National Road 70. The Sørsund Bridge connects the island to Innlandet and the Nordsund Bridge connects it to the island of Nordlandet. The Atlantic Ocean Tunnel connects it to the island of Averøya to the west.
Liberty Grove, New South Wales
Liberty Grove is a suburb in the Inner West of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Liberty Grove is located 17 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay.

Liberty Grove is bound by Homebush Bay Drive (part of the A3 arterial road) to the west and the Main Northern Line railway to the east. It is surrounded by the suburbs of Rhodes to the north and Concord West to the east and south, and it shares the same postcode of 2138.

The Liberty Grove development won the 1999 Urban Development Institute of Australia award for excellence.

Concord West
Concord West (also known as West Concord) is a suburb in Sydney's inner-west, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Concord West is located 16 km west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Canada Bay. Concord is a separate suburb, to the east.

Concord West is bordered on the west by Rhodes, Liberty Grove and Homebush Bay; to the south by North Strathfield and Homebush; and to the east by Concord, Breakfast Point, Cabarita and Mortlake. It shares the postcode of 2138 with Rhodes.

The suburb takes its namesake from the town of Concord, Massachusetts in the United States of America.
Enfield Lock
Enfield Lock is an area in the London Borough of Enfield, north London. It is approximately located east of the Hertford Road between Turkey Street and the Holmesdale Tunnel overpass, and extends to the River Lee Navigation, including Enfield Island Village. The locality gains its name from the lock on the River Lee Navigation. Today's Enfield Lock was rebuilt in 1922. The area forms part of the Lee Valley Park and the Enfield Lock Conservation Area. On its eastern boundary Enfield Lock has marshland formerly used as a testing site between the Royal Small Arms Factory and the Gunpowder Mills. Beyond this is the hamlet of Sewardstone and the boundary of Epping Forest. To the south is Brimsdown; to the north Waltham Cross; and to the west Bullsmoor and Freezywater. Enfield Lock forms part of the boundary of Greater London.

Enfield Island Village
Enfield Island Village is a modern housing development in the Enfield Lock area of Enfield, north London. It was built between 1997 and 2003 on land previously occupied by the Royal Small Arms Factory.

The land formed part of Waltham Abbey until 1 April 1994, when it was transferred from the Epping Forest District of Essex to the London Borough of Enfield in Greater London.
Blocking (statistics)
In the  statistical theory of the design of experiments, blocking is the arranging of experimental units that are similar to one another in groups (blocks) based on one or more variables. These variables are chosen carefully to minimize the effect of their variability on the observed outcomes. There are different ways that blocking can be implemented, resulting in different confounding effects. However, the different methods share the same purpose: to control variability introduced by specific factors that could influence the outcome of an experiment. The roots of blocking originated from the statistician, Ronald Fisher, following his development of ANOVA.

Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a family of statistical methods used to compare the means of two or more groups by analyzing variance. Specifically, ANOVA compares the amount of variation between the group means to the amount of variation within each group. If the between-group variation is substantially larger than the within-group variation, it suggests that the group means are likely different. This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in a dataset can be broken down into components attributable to different sources. In the case of ANOVA, these sources are the variation between groups and the variation within groups.

ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. In its simplest form, it provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means.
Aberdeen, Hong Kong
Aberdeen (/ˌæbərˈdiːn/ ⓘ AB-ər-DEEN; Chinese: 香港仔; lit. 'Little Hong Kong') is an area on southwest Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Southern District. While the name "Aberdeen" could be taken in a broad sense to encompass the areas of Aberdeen (town), Wong Chuk Hang, Ap Lei Chau, Tin Wan, Wah Kwai Estate and Wah Fu Estate, it is more often used to refer to the town only. According to the population census conducted in 2011, the total population of the Aberdeen area is approximately 80,000.

Aberdeen is famous not only to tourists but also to Hong Kong locals for its floating village and floating seafood restaurants located in the Aberdeen Harbour. The Tanka people, who used to live on boats in the Aberdeen Harbour, are generally associated with the fishing industry, and there are still several dozens of them living on boats in the harbour.

Ap Lei Chau
Ap Lei Chau or Aberdeen Island is an island of Hong Kong, located off Hong Kong Island next to Aberdeen Harbour and Aberdeen Channel. It has an area of 1.30 square kilometres (0.50 sq mi) after land reclamation. Administratively it is part of the Southern District. Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated islands on earth.

In the 2000s, the Guinness World Records called it the world's most densely populated island on their website.
O-Ethyl thioacetate
O-Ethyl thioacetate is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H5OC(S)CH3.  It is the unstable isomer of S-ethyl thioacetate.  It is prepared by treatment of the iminoester with hydrogen sulfide:

CH3C(=NH)OC2H5  +  H2S   →   CH3C(=S)OC2H5 +  NH3

The orthoester also reacts usefully with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of ferric chloride as a catalyst:

CH3C(OC2H5)3  +  H2S   →   CH3C(=S)OC2H5 +  2 HOC2H5

Ethyl thioacetate
S-Ethyl thioacetate is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3C(O)SC2H5.  It is an ethyl ester of thioacetic acid.  The compound is traditionally prepared by alkylation of potassium thioacetate and thiolation of acetyl chloride:

CH3COSK  +  C2H5Br   →  CH3C(O)SC2H5  +  KBr

CH3COCl  +  C2H5SH   →  CH3C(O)SC2H5  +  HCl

The compound has been well studied in part as a model for biologically relevant thioesters, such as Coenzyme A. H-D exchange of the methyl group has been examined in aqueous solution.
Holland, Virginia
Holland, Virginia was an incorporated town in the southwestern section of Nansemond County, Virginia. Since 1974, it has been a community in the independent city of Suffolk, Virginia following a political consolidation which formed Virginia's largest city in geographic area.

Nansemond County, Virginia
Nansemond is an extinct jurisdiction that was located south of the James River in Virginia Colony and in the Commonwealth of Virginia (after statehood) in the United States, from 1646 until 1974. It was known as  Nansemond County until 1972. From 1972 to 1974, a period of eighteen months, it was the independent city of Nansemond. It is now part of the independent city of Suffolk.

English colonists named it for the Nansemond, a tribe of Native Americans who had long been living along the Nansemond River, a tributary of what the English later named as the James River.  They encountered the English colonists after they began arriving in 1607 at Jamestown. Although disrupted by being forced off their land and through armed confrontation with colonists, the Nansemond Indian Nation continues to be based in Virginia and was granted state (1985) and federal recognition (2018).
Qiangtang terrane
The Qiantang terrane is one of three main west-east-trending terranes of the Tibetan Plateau.

During the Triassic, a southward-directed subduction along its northern margin resulted in the Jin-Shajing suture, the limit between it and the Songpan-Ganzi terrane.  During the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Lhasa terrane merged with its southern margin along the Bangong suture. This suture, the closure of part of the Tethys Ocean, transformed the Qiantang terrane into a large-scale anticline. The merging of the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes resulted in the uplift of a palaeoplateau known as the Qiangtang Plateau, which rapidly thinned later in the Cretaceous.

The Qiantang terrane is now located at c. 5,000 m (16,000 ft) above sea level, but the timing of this uplift remains debated, with estimates ranging from the Pliocene-Pleistocene (3–5 Mya) to the Eocene (35 Mya) when the plateau was first denudated.

Lhasa terrane
The Lhasa terrane is a terrane, or fragment of crustal material, sutured to the Eurasian plate during the Cretaceous that forms present-day southern Tibet. It takes its name from the city of Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. The northern part may have originated in the East African Orogeny, while the southern part appears to have once been part of Australia. The two parts joined, were later attached to Asia, and then were impacted by the collision of the Indian plate that formed the Himalayas.