hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Cholera toxin
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen, CTX, CTx and CT) is a potent enterotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae which causes severe watery diarrhea and dehydration that define cholera infections. The toxin is a member of the heat-labile enterotoxin family, and exists as an AB5 multimeric toxin with one enzymatically active A subunit and five receptor-binding B subunits that facilitate host cell entry.

Heat-labile enterotoxin family
In molecular biology, the heat-labile enterotoxin family includes Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Elt or LT) and cholera toxin (Ctx) secreted by Vibrio cholerae.

lt is so named because it is inactivated at high temperatures.
Metodija Andonov-Čento
Metodija Andonov-Čento (Macedonian: Методија Андонов-Ченто; Bulgarian: Методи Андонов-Ченто; 17 August 1902 – 24 July 1957) was a Macedonian politician, partisan leader and the chairman of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the National Liberation of Macedonia and first president of the presidency of the people's assembly of the People's Republic of Macedonia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. During the interwar period, he earned a living as a merchant. After World War II, he was persecuted by the Yugoslav Macedonian authorities for his desire to establish an independent Macedonia. The persona of Čento was a taboo in Yugoslav Macedonia, but it was rehabilitated during the 1990s, after the country gained its independence. In the Bulgarian historiography he is often considered a Bulgarian.

Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia
The Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia (Macedonian: Антифашистичко собрание за народно ослободување на Македонија (АСНОМ), Antifašističko sobranie za narodno osloboduvanje na Makedonija; Serbo-Croatian: Antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Makedonije; abbr. ASNOM) was the supreme legislative and executive people's representative body of the communist Macedonian state from August 1944 until the end of World War II. The body was set up by the Macedonian Partisans during the final stages of the World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia (National Liberation Struggle), clandestinely in August 1944, in the Bulgarian occupation zone of Yugoslavia.
Demonic UFO hypothesis
The demonic UFO hypothesis is the proposal that unidentified flying object (UFO) sightings are the result of a satanic influence, or are themselves demons.

Psychologist Tim Lomas and theologian Brendan Case from the Harvard Human Flourishing Program argue that interpretations of anomalous aerial phenomena are shaped by the cultural and religious frameworks available to witnesses, with earlier “angelic” readings giving way in modern times to “alien” ones, and that such labels function as interpretive categories for making anomalous experiences intelligible rather than as definitive claims about the phenomenon’s nature.

Interdimensional UFO hypothesis
The interdimensional UFO hypothesis (IUH) is the proposal that unidentified flying object (UFO) sightings are the result of experiencing other "dimensions" or "portals" that coexist separately alongside our own.

The hypothesis has been advanced by ufologists such as Meade Layne, John Keel, J. Allen Hynek, and Jacques Vallée. Proponents of the interdimensional hypothesis argue that UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in prior ages was ascribed to mythological or supernatural creatures.

Jeffrey J. Kripal, Chair in Philosophy and Religious Thought at Rice University, writes: "this interdimensional reading, long a staple of Spiritualism through the famous 'fourth dimension', would have a very long life within ufology and is still very much with us today".
E-girl and e-boy subculture
E-girls and e-boys, sometimes collectively referred to as e-kids, are a youth subculture of Gen Z that emerged in the late 2010s, notably popularized by the video-sharing application TikTok. It is an evolution of emo, scene, and mall goth fashion, combined with Japanese and South Korean street fashion.

Videos by e-girls and e-boys tend to be flirtatious and, many times, overtly sexual. Eye-rolling and protruding tongues (a facial expression known as ahegao, imitating climaxing) are common.

According to Business Insider, the terms are not gender-specific, instead referring to two separate styles of fashion, stating that "While the e-boy is a vulnerable 'softboi' and embraces skate culture, the e-girl is cute and seemingly innocent".

Emo subculture
Emo, whose participants are called emo kids or emos, is a subculture which began in the United States in the 1990s. Based around emo music, the subculture formed in the genre's mid-1990s San Diego scene, where participants were derisively called Spock rock due to their distinctive straight, black haircuts. The subculture entered the mainstream consciousness in the 2000s, being associated with social networks including Myspace, Buzznet and hi5. During this time of popularity, it faced backlash, including violent attacks on emo teens in Mexico and Iraq, and proposed Russian laws targeting the subculture, due to views that it was dangerous and promoted anti-social behavior, depression and suicide. By 2009, this mainstream attention had largely declined as the subculture continued underground on websites including Tumblr and through emo revival groups.
Kim Chwagŭn
Kim Chwagŭn (Korean: 김좌근; Hanja: 金左根; 1797 – 5 June 1869) was a Korean political figure from the Andong Kim clan, who held a number of high-ranking government positions in the late Joseon period, including Chief State Councillor at King Cheoljong's court. He was the younger brother of Queen Sunwon.

Andong Kim clan
The Andong Kim clan (Korean: 안동 김씨; Hanja: 安東 金氏) refers to two Korean clans of Old Andong Kim Clan (구 안동 김씨; 舊 安東 金氏) and the New Andong Kim Clan (신 안동 김씨; 新 安東 金氏), respectively. They were prominent yangban families during Korea's Joseon Dynasty originating from Andong, North Gyeongsang province, during the Goryeo Dynasty. The clans produced many individuals who passed the gwageo examinations, along with 3 Queen Consorts during the Joseon Dynasty: Queen Sunwon, Queen Hyohyeon, and Queen Cheorin. Both clans derive from the Gyeongju Kim clan.
Dongfeng Motor Group
Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd., doing business as DFG, is a Chinese holding company based in Wuhan, Hubei. Its H shares were listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange.

Dongfeng Motor Group formed several joint ventures with other foreign automobile makers, namely Luxgen, Honda, Renault-Nissan and Stellantis (which was created by the merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Groupe PSA). It has also leased several trademarks from the parent company Dongfeng Motor Corporation since 2005.: 41

Dongfeng Motor Group was ranked 550th in 2017 Forbes Global 2000 List. As of 30 April 2018, the market capitalization of its H shares (about 33.15% of total share capital : 166 ) was HK$24.931 billion.

Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd. is a Chinese central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei. Founded in 1969, it is currently the smallest of the "Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China with 671,000 sales in 2023, below SAIC Motor, Changan Automobile and FAW Group.

The company develops and markets vehicles under its own branding, such as M-Hero, Voyah, Aeolus, Nammi, Forthing, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures such as Dongfeng Honda, Dongfeng Nissan and Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën (all via subsidiary Dongfeng Motor Group). In 2021, foreign-branded cars took 79% of sales. In addition to commercial and consumer vehicles, it also manufactures parts and cooperates with foreign companies.

As a state-owned enterprise of China, Dongfeng is controlled and managed by SASAC, which under Chinese law performs the functions of an investor.
Marie-José Jalou
Marie-José Susskind-Jalou (born March 31, 1949) is a French journalist, fashion editor, and artist who served as editor-in-chief of L'Officiel de la couture et de la mode de Paris from 1988 to 2002 and president of Éditions Jalou from 2003 to 2022. Sara Waka called her 'the mother of the fashion industry'.

L'Officiel
L'Officiel (French pronunciation: [lɔfisjɛl]; stylised in all caps), full name L'Officiel de la couture et de la mode de Paris ("The Official [publication] of Paris Couture and Fashion"), is a French bimonthly fashion magazine. It has been published in Paris since 1921 and targets upper-income, educated women aged 25 to 49. A men's edition L'Officiel Hommes is also in publication, as are many foreign editions of the magazine. In 2022, it was acquired by Hong Kong–based AMTD.
Ofada rice
Ofada rice is a Yoruba dish. It is the name of an indigenous rice from a small community called Ofada, located in the Obafemi Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. It is not exclusively grown in the community, but it is an indigenous rice grown in southwest Nigeria which is named after the Ofada community. It is used in making a variety of dishes. Ofada rice are mostly blends, and some of the rice varieties in the blends are not indigenous to Africa; however, they usually also contain African rice. It is grown almost exclusively in Ogun State, a state in southwestern Nigeria. Ofada rice is grown on free-draining soil where the water table is permanently below the root of the plant.

Oryza glaberrima
Oryza glaberrima, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species.

The species was first domesticated and grown in West Africa around 3,000 years ago. In agriculture, it makes up an estimated 20% of rice grown commercially in West Africa, having largely been replaced by higher-yielding O. sativa (Asian rice). The number of O. glaberrima varieties grown is declining. Crossbreeding between African and Asian rice is difficult, but there exist some crosses.

In comparison to O. sativa (Asian rice), African rice is hardy, pest-resistant, low-labour, and suited to a larger variety of African conditions. It is described as filling, with a distinct nutty flavour. It is also grown for cultural reasons.
Pei Du
Pei Du (Chinese: 裴度; 765 – April 21, 839), courtesy name Zhongli (中立), posthumous name Duke Wenzhong of Jin (晉文忠公), was a Chinese politician and government official of the Tang dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Muzong, Emperor Jingzong and Emperor Wenzong. Although Pei was a civilian official, he was also known for his military strategies, and he is best known for being in charge of the campaign against the warlord Wu Yuanji during Emperor Xianzong's reign.

Emperor Wenzong of Tang
Emperor Wenzong of Tang (809–840), personal name Li Ang, né Li Han (李涵), was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 827 to 840. Emperor Wenzong was the second son of Emperor Muzong and younger brother of Emperor Jingzong. A rare occurrence in Chinese history, Emperor Wenzong, along with his elder brother Emperor Jingzong and younger brother Emperor Wuzong, reigned in succession.
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (10 August 1860 – 19 September 1936) was an Indian musicologist who wrote the first modern treatise on Hindustani classical music, an art which had been propagated for centuries mostly through oral traditions. During those earlier times, the art had undergone several changes, rendering the raga grammar documented in scant old outdated texts.

Ragas used to be classified into Raga (male), Ragini (female), and Putra (children). Bhatkhande reclassified them into the currently used thaat system. He noted that several ragas did not conform to their description in ancient Sanskrit texts. He explained the ragas in an easy-to-understand language and composed several bandishes which explained the grammar of the ragas.

Thaat
A thaat (IAST: thāṭ) is a "parent scale" in North Indian or Hindustani music. It is the Hindustani equivalent of the term Melakartha raga of Carnatic music.  The concept of the thaat is not exactly equivalent to the western musical scale because the primary function of a thaat is not as a tool for music composition, but rather as a basis for classification of ragas. There is not necessarily strict compliance between a raga and its parent thaat; a raga said to 'belong' to a certain thaat need not allow all the notes of the thaat, and might allow other notes. Thaats are generally accepted to be heptatonic by definition.

The term thaat is also used to refer to the frets of stringed instruments like the sitar and the veena. It is also used to denote the posture adopted by a Kathak dancer at the beginning of their performance.
Sujatha Vidyalaya
Sujatha Vidyalaya is a girls' school in Matara, Sri Lanka. The Matara Buddhist Society founded the school as a private Buddhist institution in 1929. It was the first Buddhist girls' school in Matara. Today, the Government of Sri Lanka operates Sujatha Vidyalaya as a national school; it was one of the initial group of schools to receive this designation.

In the beginning, Sujatha Vidyalaya was a small school. In the seventy years since its inception, it has become one of the leading girls' schools in the south of the country.

Rahula College
Rahula College (Sinhala: රාහුල විද්‍යාලය, romanized: Rāhula Vidyālaya) is one of Sri Lanka’s leading and most prestigious boys’ schools, located in Matara district. Though it was originally a private Buddhist school, now it is run by the Government of Sri Lanka as a National School. Rahula College has two sections - the Primary section, which serves students from Grade 1 to Grade 5, and the Secondary section, which serves students from Grade 6 to Grade 13.
James Marion West Jr.
James Marion West Jr. (September 26, 1903 – December 18, 1957) was a Texas oilman. He was the son of James Marion West Sr., the businessman who created the West family fortune, and brother of Wesley West. He was nicknamed "Silver Dollar Jim" because of his habit of throwing silver dollar coins toward passersby on the street. He was also called "Diamond Jim" because of the diamond-studded Texas Ranger badge he wore. He was known to chase criminals right behind the police. West kept a fleet of thirty cars, mostly Cadillacs, in or around downtown Houston, which were equipped with an arsenal of 30–35 guns. He became an iconic fixture at Galveston casinos such as the Balinese Room. He is considered to be an archetype for the eccentric Texas oilman.

Wesley West
Wesley Wendell West (June 6, 1906 – 1984) was an American businessman. He was the second son of James Marion West Sr. and younger brother of James Marion West Jr. Like his brother and father before him, he was a noted Texas rancher, oilman, and philanthropist. He founded Wesley West Minerals, a mineral rights owning entity currently operating in Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, and New Mexico, and Wesley West Cattle L.P.
Orphaned technology
Orphaned technology refers to computer technologies that have been abandoned by their original developers. As opposed to deprecation, which tends to be a gradual shift away from an older technology to newer technology, orphaned technology is usually abandoned immediately or with no direct replacement. Unlike abandonware, orphaned technology refers to both software and hardware and the practices around them.

Users of orphaned technologies must often make a choice continuing to use the technology, which may become harder to maintain over time, or switch to other supported technologies, possibly losing capabilities unique to the orphaned technology.

Abandonware
Abandonware is a term for software, typically computer or video games, that are no longer for sale by conventional means, or supported by the creator. In many cases the abandoned software was distributed by websites, such as warez, for free. The use of the "abandonware" term is controversial, as distributing out of print software and games is still considered software piracy, and their copyright is not actually abandoned. Some publishers actively file Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedowns of abandonware and defend its copyright, while others do not. Meanwhile, some video game historians believe that this distribution is justified to preserve history given the lack of viable alternatives.
EMARSS
EMARSS, or Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System, is an intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) system installed on United States Army fixed-wing aircraft based on the twin-engine Beechcraft Super King Air 350ER modified MC-12W Liberty aircraft. The system, now manufactured by L3Harris Technologies, Inc., has tailored Distributed Common Ground System – Army (DCGS-A) software to facilitate processing, exploitation and rapid dissemination of intelligence derived from sensors. Its architecture ensures interoperability with multi-service / joint systems that comply with DoD information technology standards and Defense Information Systems Network for data transfer and dissemination. EMARSS is specifically designed for aerial exploitation battalions within US Army Intelligence and Security Command for command and control, mission planning, sustainment support and deployment

Beechcraft C-12 Huron
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron is the military designation for a series of twin-engine turboprop aircraft based on the Beechcraft Super King Air and Beechcraft 1900. C-12 variants are used by the United States Air Force, Army, Navy and Marine Corps. These aircraft are used for embassy support and medical evacuation, as well as passenger and light cargo transport. Some aircraft are modified with surveillance systems for missions including the Cefly Lancer, Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail and Project Liberty programs.
All the World's Mornings
All the World's Mornings (French: Tous les matins du monde) is a 1991 novel by Pascal Quignard. It is a story of the apprenticeship of Marin Marais in the house of the austere, reclusive and mysterious violist, Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, obsessed with his late wife, and of his romantic entanglements with his master's two daughters, Madeleine and Toinette.  The story is taken from an anecdote in the work of Evrard Titon du Tillet. Among the historical facts that the book outlines are Sainte-Colombe's addition of the viola da gamba's seventh and lowest string.

The novel's narration has a contemplative pace, weaving in impressions of melancholy music and still life paintings. Sainte-Colombe is portrayed as a country recluse who eschews court life because of its artificiality.

In the same year as the book was published, the author participated in creating the screen adaptation with director Alain Corneau for the film of the same title.

Tous les Matins du Monde
Tous les matins du monde (English: "All The Mornings of The World") is a 1991 French film based on the book of the same name by Pascal Quignard. Set during the reign of Louis XIV, the film shows the musician Marin Marais looking back on his young life when he was briefly a pupil of Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, and features much music of the period, especially that for the viola da gamba. The title of the film comes from words of the narrator in Quignard's novel.
Pompilio Maria Pirrotti
Pompilio Maria Pirrotti (29 September 1710 – 15 July 1766), born Domenico Michele Giovan Battista, was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member of the Piarists. He operated across the Kingdom of Naples as a teacher and as a preacher and he received widespread criticism from detractors that led to his immediate expulsion from the kingdom at the behest of the King. He was later readmitted into the kingdom after public pressure.

Pirrotti assumed the name of Pompilio Maria of Saint Nicholas upon becoming a professed member of the order and assumed his deceased brother's name (Pompilio Maria) when he commenced his novitiate.

In 1890, Pope Leo XIII beatified him and Pope Pius XI proclaimed him to be a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 19 March 1934. For his tireless work with the children of central Italy he is known as the “Apostle of the Abruzzi”.

Piarists
The Piarists (/ˈpaɪərɪsts/), officially named the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools (Latin: Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum), abbreviated SchP, is a religious order of clerics regular of the Catholic Church founded in 1617 by Spanish priest Joseph Calasanz. It is the oldest religious order dedicated to education, and the main occupation of the Piarist fathers is teaching children and youth, the primary goal being to provide free education for poor children. The Piarist practice was to become a model for numerous later Catholic societies devoted to teaching, while some state-supported public school systems in Europe also followed their example. The Piarists have had a considerable success in the education of physically or mentally disabled persons. Notable individuals who have taught at Piarist schools include Pope Pius IX, Goya, Schubert, Gregor Mendel, Tadeusz Kościuszko, and Victor Hugo.
3sat
3sat (German pronunciation: [ˈdʁaɪ̯ˌzat], Dreisat) is a free-to-air German-language public service television channel. It is a generalist channel with a cultural focus and is jointly operated by public broadcasters from Germany (ZDF, ARD), Austria (ORF) and Switzerland (SRG SSR). The coordinating broadcaster is ZDF, at whose Mainz facility the broadcasting centre with studios for in-house productions is located.

ORF (broadcaster)
Österreichischer Rundfunk (ORF [oːɛʁˈɛf] ⓘ; German pronunciation: [ˌøːstəʁaɪçɪʃɐ ˈʁʊntfʊŋk], lit. 'Austrian broadcasting') is the national public broadcaster and news website of Austria. Funded from a combination of television licence fee revenue and limited on-air advertising, ORF is the dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media. Austria was the last country in continental Europe after Albania to allow nationwide private television broadcasting, although commercial TV channels from neighbouring Germany have been present in Austria on pay-TV and via terrestrial overspill since the 1980s.
1987 Turkish constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Turkey on 6 September 1987 to amend temporary article 4 of the constitution, which had forbidden the leaders of banned parties (a total of 242 people) from taking part in politics for ten years. The governing Motherland Party (ANAP) agreed to the referendum after a compromise was struck with opposition parties regarding constitutional changes. ANAP campaigned for the "No" vote, while most opposition parties campaigned for the "Yes" vote. The changes were narrowly approved by 50.2% of voters, with a 93.6% turnout.

Constitution of Turkey
The Constitution of Turkey, formally known as the Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), and informally as the Constitution of 1982 (Turkish: 1982 Anayasası), is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organization of the government, and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities in regard to its citizens. The constitution also establishes the rights and responsibilities of the latter while setting the guidelines for the delegation and exercise that sovereignty belongs entirely and without doubt to the people.

The constitution was ratified on 7 November 1982. It replaced the earlier Constitution of 1961. The constitution was amended 21 times, three of them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, 2017, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. As of April 2017, 117 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended overall.