hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Elie Hobeika
Elie Hobeika (also transliterated as Hubayqa; Arabic: إيلي حبيقة; 22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002) was a Lebanese militia commander in the Lebanese Forces militia during the Lebanese Civil War and one of Bachir Gemayel's close confidants. He became infamous for his overseeing of the 1982 Sabra and Shatilla massacre. Hobeika initially supported the IDF during their invasion, but later switched sides and supported the Syrians. He became head of the Lebanese Forces until he was ousted in 1986. He then founded the Promise Party and was elected to serve two terms in the Parliament of Lebanon. In January 2002, he was assassinated in a car bombing at his house in Beirut, shortly before he was to testify about the Sabra and Shatila massacre in a Belgian court.

January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup
On January 15, 1986, forces loyal to Lebanese president Amine Gemayel and Samir Geagea, intelligence chief of the Lebanese Forces (LF), ousted Elie Hobeika from his position as leader of the LF and replaced him with Geagea. The coup came in response to Hobeika's signing of the Syrian-sponsored Tripartite Accord that aimed to put an end to the Lebanese Civil War.
Austin Straubel
Austin A. Straubel (September 4, 1904 – February 3, 1942) was a major in the United States Army Air Forces from Green Bay, Wisconsin. Straubel was Brown County's first aviation loss in World War II, and Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport was named in his honor.

Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport
Green Bay Austin Straubel International Airport (IATA: GRB, ICAO: KGRB, FAA LID: GRB) is a county-owned public-use airport in Brown County, Wisconsin, United States, which serves Northeastern Wisconsin. It is the fourth busiest of eight commercial service airports in Wisconsin in terms of passengers served. The airport is located 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) southwest of downtown Green Bay, in the village of Ashwaubenon.
Package tour
A package tour, package vacation, or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator. Other services may be provided such as a rental car, activities or outings during the holiday. Transport can be via automobile, bus, or charter airline and may also include travel between areas as part of the holiday. Package holidays are a form of product bundling.

Package holidays are organised by tour operators and sold to consumers by travel agents. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, while others are independent.

Tour operator
A tour operator is a business that typically combines and organizes accommodations, meals, sightseeing and transportation components, in order to create a package tour. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries. Tour operators can sell directly to the public or sell through travel agents or a combination of both.

The most common example of a tour operator's product would be a flight on a charter airline, plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Each tour operator may specialise in certain destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof.
North Haven, Connecticut
North Haven is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States on the outskirts of New Haven. The town is part of the South Central Connecticut Planning Region. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 24,253.

North Haven is home of the Quinnipiac University School of Health Sciences, the School of Nursing, School of Law, School of Education, and School of Medicine on Bassett Road.  North Haven has easy access to Interstate 91 and the Wilbur Cross Parkway (Route 15). It is near Sleeping Giant State Park and less than 10 miles (16 km) from downtown New Haven and Yale University.

Quinnipiac University
Quinnipiac University (/ˈkwɪnəˌpi.æk/ KWIH-nə-pee-ak) is a private university in Hamden, Connecticut, United States. The university grants undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. It also hosts the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute.
Similarity learning
Similarity learning is an area of supervised machine learning in artificial intelligence. It is closely related to regression and classification, but the goal is to learn a similarity function that measures how similar or related two objects are. It has applications in ranking, in recommendation systems, visual identity tracking, face verification, and speaker verification.

Similarity measure
In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics: they take on large values for similar objects and either zero or a negative value for very dissimilar objects. Though, in more broad terms, a similarity function may also satisfy metric axioms.

Cosine similarity is a commonly used similarity measure for real-valued vectors, used in (among other fields) information retrieval to score the similarity of documents in the vector space model. In machine learning, common kernel functions such as the RBF kernel can be viewed as similarity functions.
FIVB Women's Volleyball Club World Championship
The FIVB Women's Volleyball Club World Championship is an international women's club volleyball competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 1991 in Brazil. It was not held between 1995 and 2009, but since 2010, the competition has been held every year, and has been hosted by Qatar, Switzerland, the Philippines, Japan, China and Turkey. The competition was held in Zhejiang Province of China in 2018 and 2019. After the 2020 championship was cancelled due to corona virus pandemic, the competition was held in Turkey in 2021.

The current champions are Italy's Savino Del Bene Scandicci, who defeated Italy's Imoco Volley Conegliano 3–1 in the final of the 2025 edition, to win their first title in the competition.

Pallavolo Scandicci
Pallavolo Scandicci is an Italian professional women's volleyball club based in Scandicci that plays in the Serie A1, known also by its sponsored name Savino del Bene Scandicci. On the global stage, the club is currently champion of the FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.
These Arms Are Snakes
These Arms Are Snakes was an American post-hardcore band that formed in 2002 and featured former members of Botch and Kill Sadie. Before disbanding in 2009, they released three studio albums: Oxeneers or the Lion Sleeps When Its Antelope Go Home (2004), Easter (2006) and Tail Swallower and Dove (2008). Former members of These Arms Are Snakes currently play in Russian Circles, Narrows, Minus the Bear, Crypts, Dust Moth, and Hooves.

They toured with the bands Minus the Bear, Big Business, Mastodon, Cursive, The Blood Brothers, Engine Down, Hot Water Music, Isis, Pelican, Chiodos, and Against Me!.

Narrows (band)
Narrows is an American mathcore band based in Seattle, but with members "spread out across both the United States and two continents." The band has been described as a supergroup, as its lineup includes Dave Verellen of Botch and members of bands including Unbroken, These Arms Are Snakes and Bullet Union. Narrows is a part-time band. All members have full-time jobs and are starting their own families.
Jacqueline Guerroudj
Jacqueline Netter-Minne-Guerroudj (27 April 1919 – 18 January 2015) was a Frenchwoman condemned to death as an accomplice of 
Fernand Iveton during the Algerian War. She was never executed, partly due to a campaign on her behalf conducted by Simone de Beauvoir.

She was born to a well-off bourgeois family of Alsatian Jews in Rouen in 1919. She arrived in Algeria in 1948 as the wife of Pierre Minne, a professor of philosophy. She remarried in 1950 to Abdelkader Guerroudj (nicknamed "Djilali"), an activist in the FLN. On 4 December 1957 Guerroudj's daughter by her first marriage, Danièle Minne, was sentenced to 7 years in prison by a tribunal for juveniles. Guerroudj died on 18 January 2015 in Algiers, Algeria.

Abdelkader Guerroudj
Abdelkader Guerroudj (26 July 1928 – 7 November 2020) was an Algerian man who was condemned to death in December 1957 along with his French wife, Jacqueline Guerroudj. They were convicted as accomplices of Fernand Iveton, the only European who was guillotined for his part in the Algerian revolt. As a result of a high-profile campaign in France, where the issue was called L'Affaire Guerroudj, neither was executed.
Convent of São Gonçalo (Angra do Heroísmo)
The Convent of São Gonçalo is a Baroque-era convent and church in the historical centre of the city of Angra, civil parish of Sé, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo on the Portuguese island of Terceira, in the Azores.

It is considered one of the oldest convents in the archipelago, historically housing hundreds of Clarisse sisters, and boasting a reputation for education and fine arts in the Azores, that included classes in music, choral, design, painting and the humanities.

Angra do Heroísmo
Angra do Heroísmo, officially the Very Noble, Loyal and Ever Steadfast City of Angra do Heroísmo, or simply Angra, is a city and municipality on Terceira Island, Portugal, and one of the three capital cities of the Azores. Founded in 1478, Angra was historically the most important city in the Azores, as seat of the Bishop of the Azores, government entities, and having previously served as the capital city of Portugal during the Liberal Wars. The population in 2011 was 35,402, in an area of 239.00 km2. It was classified as a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1983.
Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia
Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia (English: Natural History Museum of Venice) is a museum of natural history housed in Fondaco dei Turchi, located on the Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. Its collections relate mainly to the natural history of the Venetian lagoon that surrounds the city. Today it is one of the 11 venues managed by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.

Fondaco dei Turchi
The Fondaco dei Turchi (Venetian: Fontego dei Turchi, Turkish: Türk Hanı) is a palazzo in classical Venetian style, later referred to as the Turks' Inn, on the Grand Canal of Venice, northeastern Italy.

Since the early 17th century until the 19th century, the Fondaco Dei Turchi served as a residence for Venice's Ottoman Turkish population (hence "dei Turchi"). The fondaco (from Arabic: fonduk) functioned as a combination home, warehouse, and market for the Turkish traders. The structure, commissioned by Giacomo Palmier, took inspiration from Islamic, renaissance and Byzantine architecture. It was rebuilt by the government in 1869.
Bette E. Landman
Bette Emeline Landman (July 18, 1937 – October 16, 2025) was an American anthropologist and academic administrator who served as the 18th president of Arcadia University from 1985 to 2004. As the institution's first female president, she took over when the college was facing financial distress and, during her 19-year tenure, doubled enrollment to over 3,000 students, increased the endowment from $267,000 to $26 million, and oversaw its 2001 transition from Beaver College to Arcadia University.

Arcadia University
Arcadia University is a private university in Cheltenham Township, Pennsylvania, United States, with a Glenside mailing address. The university enrolls approximately 3,200 undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students. The 94-acre (380,000 m²) Glenside campus features Grey Towers Castle, a National Historic Landmark; the university also includes a campus in Christiana, Delaware, as well as several centers around the world.
Alias Jimmy Valentine (play)
Alias Jimmy Valentine is a 1909 play written by Paul Armstrong, based on the 1903 short story A Retrieved Reformation by O. Henry. It has four acts, a large cast, four settings, and fast pacing. The story follows a former safecracker's attempt to go straight, and the choice he must make between saving a child's life and exposing himself to arrest.

The play was produced by Liebler & Company, staged by Hugh Ford, with settings from Gates and Morange. The play starred H. B. Warner and introduced Laurette Taylor. It opened Christmas night 1909 in Chicago, moving to Broadway during January 1910 where it played through June 1910.

Alias Jimmy Valentine had a brief Broadway revival during December 1921, was adapted for motion pictures in 1915, 1920, 1928, 1936 and 1942, and was turned into a radio program during 1938–1939.

The Return of Jimmy Valentine
The Return of Jimmy Valentine is a 1936 American crime film directed by Lewis D. Collins and written by Olive Cooper and Jack Natteford. The film is based on the 1909 play Alias Jimmy Valentine written by Paul Armstrong, that was based on the 1903 short story A Retrieved Reformation by O. Henry.

The film stars Roger Pryor, Charlotte Henry, Robert Warwick, James P. Burtis, Edgar Kennedy and J. Carrol Naish. The film was released on February 22, 1936, by Republic Pictures. Released for TV as Prison Shadows. The Return of Jimmy Valentine was remade in 1942 as The Affairs of Jimmy Valentine.
Jotunheimen
Jotunheimen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈjôːtʉnˌhæɪmn̩]; "the home of the Jötunn") is a mountainous area of roughly 3,500 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi) in southern Norway and is part of the long range known as the Scandinavian Mountains. The 29 highest mountains in Norway are all located in the Jotunheimen mountains, including the 2,469-metre (8,100 ft) tall mountain Galdhøpiggen (the highest point in Norway and Northern Europe). The Jotunheimen mountains straddle the border between Innlandet and Vestland counties (historically part of the old Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane counties).

Galdhøpiggen
Galdhøpiggen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɡɑ̀ɫhøːˌpɪɡːən]) is the highest mountain in Norway, Scandinavia, and Northern Europe. The 2,469-metre-tall (8,100 ft) mountain is located in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 25 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of the village of Fossbergom and about 45 kilometres (28 mi) northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal.

The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Keilhaus topp to the east; Store Styggehøe to the southeast; Svellnosbreahesten, Midtre Tverråtinden, and Store Tverråtinden to the south; Storjuvtinden and Skardstinden to the west; Veslpiggen, Storgrovtinden, and Storgrovhøe to the northwest; and Galdhøe and Juvvasshøe to the northeast.
Royal Forest of Dean College
Royal Forest of Dean College was a college of further education located close to the town of Coleford, in the Forest of Dean in west Gloucestershire. It was dissolved by government order as of 31 January 2011 in order to be merged to Gloucestershire College. Together with its secondary site at Mitcheldean, and around 30 further outreach sites, the college served a mainly rural area. The college offered a range of courses from A-levels and was associated with University of Gloucestershire for higher education to Master's degrees.

Gloucestershire College
Gloucestershire College (GC or Gloscol) is a college of further and higher education in the county of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom.

It offers a range of education and training programmes, which include:

Apprenticeships and higher apprenticeships

Professional and technical qualifications

Higher education

Short courses for businesses

Part-time and evening courses

English for overseas students
Rothschild Fellowship
The Rothschild Fellowship program is a grant awarded annually by Yad Hanadiv (The Rothschild Foundation).

The Rothschild Scholarship for Outstanding Young Researchers is a awarded since 1979 with the aim of helping outstanding young researchers with exceptional potential to advance in the field of scientific practice. The candidates must have received a PhD from a university in Israel.

The generous Rothschild scholarships are awarded to postgraduate students who wish to pursue postdoctoral studies outside of Israel. According to the Yad Hanadiv website: Most of the scholarship recipients have been integrated into academic institutions in Israel, among them they have gained a leading status in their field and some of them even hold academic leadership positions in Israel.

Yad Hanadiv
Yad Hanadiv (Rothschild Foundation) is a Rothschild family philanthropic foundation in Israel.The foundation engages in activities intended to advance various aspects of Israeli society, including public institutions and environmental initiatives. Its work is grounded in the Rothschild family’s longstanding tradition of philanthropy in Israel. The foundation states that its activity is guided by principles of democracy, equality, inclusion, excellence, and social responsibility.
Taylor Braun
Taylor Braun (born July 6, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Kaohsiung Steelers of the P. League+. He played college basketball for North Dakota State University before playing professionally in Belgium, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Taiwan. Standing at 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m), he primarily plays at the small forward position.

North Dakota State Bison men's basketball
The North Dakota State Bison men's basketball team is a part of the athletic program at North Dakota State University in Fargo, North Dakota, U.S. They are members of the NCAA Division I and have been part of The Summit League since May 2007.  Home games are played at the Scheels Center which is located on the NDSU campus in Fargo, ND. The team shares a conference rival with the South Dakota State Jackrabbits.  The Bison men's head coach is David Richman.

On March 10, 2009 the Bison made their biggest comeback in school history with a 66–64 win over Oakland University to win the Summit League tournament championship and became the first team since Southwestern Louisiana (now Louisiana-Lafayette) in 1972 to advance to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship in their first year of eligibility. North Dakota State has appeared four times in the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament, most recently in 2019.
Malaysian United People's Party
The Malaysia United People's Party (MUPP) / Parti Bersatu Sasa Malaysia (BERSAMA) is a political party in Malaysia. Originally known as Parti Demokratik Setiahati Kuasa Rakyat Bersatu Sabah (SETIA), the party changed its name after it extended to Peninsular Malaysia on 23 March 2011.

United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party
The United Democratic Sabah Peoples Power Party (Malay: Parti Kuasa Rakyat Sabah Demokratik Bersatu, abbreviated SETIA) was a political party in Malaysia. It changed its name to Malaysian United People's Party (MUPP) or Parti Bersatu Sasa Malaysia (BERSAMA) after it extends to Peninsular Malaysia on 23 March 2011.
Abraham Kibiwot
Abraham Kibiwot (born 4 June 1996) is a Kenyan steeplechase runner. He won bronze medals in the 3000 m steeplechase at the 2024 Summer Olympics, 2023 World Championships, and 2016 African Championships. His personal best is 8:05.51 minutes, set in 2023.

Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase
The men's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held in four rounds at the Stade de France in Paris, France, on 5 and 7 August 2024. This was 24th time that the men's 3000 metres steeplechase was contested at the Summer Olympics. A total of 36 athletes were able to qualify for the event by entry standard or ranking.
UK telephone code misconceptions
Widespread UK telephone code misconceptions, in particular brought on by the Big Number Change in 2000, have been reported by regulator Ofcom since publication of a report it commissioned in 2004.

The telephone area code for most of Greater London and some surrounding areas is 020, not "0207", "0208" or "0203". A study was commissioned in 2005 which found that only 13 per cent of respondents correctly identified the 020 code for London without prompting; 59 per cent incorrectly identified it as "0207" or "0208". This is not just an issue of number appearance; the correct way to call a London landline number from a landline within the London telephone area is to dial the last 8 digits. The trunk prefix "0", and area dialling code "20", if included, are ignored.

Other area codes with similarly widespread misconceptions about the correct area code include Bristol, Cardiff, Coventry, Leeds, Leicester, Northern Ireland, Nottingham, Portsmouth, Reading, Sheffield and Southampton.

Big Number Change
The Big Number Change addressed various issues with the telephone dialling plan in the United Kingdom, during the late 1990s and early 2000s, when the country was running short of new telephone numbers.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) is the United Nations programme for human settlements and sustainable urban development. It was established in 1977 as an outcome of the first United Nations Conference on Human Settlements and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat I) held in Vancouver, Canada, in 1976.  UN-Habitat maintains its headquarters at the United Nations Office at Nairobi, Kenya. It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group. The mandate of UN-Habitat derives from the Habitat Agenda, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II) in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1996. The twin goals of the Habitat Agenda are adequate shelter for all and the development of sustainable human settlements in an urbanizing world.

United Nations Office at Nairobi
The United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON, Swahili: Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa Nairobi) in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, is one of four major United Nations office sites where numerous different UN agencies have a joint presence. Established in 1996, it is the UN's official headquarters in Africa.

The United Nations Office at Nairobi also hosts the global headquarters for two programmes: the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).

In November 2004, the United Nations Security Council held a rare session at Nairobi to discuss the armed conflicts in southern and western Sudan that constituted a phase of the Second Sudanese Civil War. The meeting was convened at the urging of then-Ambassador John Danforth of the United States.
Jack Schlossberg
John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg (born January 19, 1993) is an American political commentator and author. He is a member of the Kennedy family and the Bouvier family.

On November 11, 2025, Schlossberg announced his run to become the Democratic candidate in New York's 12th congressional district in the 2026 U.S. House of Representatives election. He is running for the seat being vacated by incumbent Jerry Nadler, who is retiring.

2026 United States House of Representatives elections in New York
The 2026 United States House of Representatives elections in New York will be held on November 3, 2026, to elect the 26 U.S. representatives from the State of New York, one from each of the state's 26 congressional districts. The elections will coincide with other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections. The primary election will take place on June 23, 2026. As New York State has closed primary elections, only registered party members are allowed to vote in each party's primary.