hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
B54 (New York City bus)
The B54 is a bus route on Myrtle Avenue in Brooklyn, New York City. The line travels between Downtown Brooklyn in the west and Myrtle–Wyckoff Avenues station in the east. The B54 operates from MTA New York City Bus's Fresh Pond Depot in Ridgewood, Queens. The route serves only the section of Myrtle Avenue within Brooklyn; the section within Queens is served by the Q55 bus.

The B54 replaced the Myrtle Avenue Line, the first streetcar line in Brooklyn, which was built by the Brooklyn City Railroad and opened in 1854. This line initially served the entirety of Myrtle Avenue with horse cars. They were replaced with electric trolleys by July 1893, and then by the two city-owned bus routes on July 17, 1949. The Myrtle Avenue Line is distinct from the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line, which is a separate subway line that also operates along a portion of Myrtle Avenue in Bushwick, Brooklyn. Until 1969, the BMT line also ran on elevated tracks above the entire Brooklyn section of Myrtle Avenue.

Brooklyn City Railroad
The Brooklyn City Railroad (BCRR) was the oldest and one of the largest operators of streetcars (horsecars and later trolleys) in the City of Brooklyn, New York, continuing in that role when Brooklyn became a borough of New York City in 1898.
Bitche station
The Gare de Bitche ("Bitche station", German: Bahnhof Bitsch), formerly Gare de Bitche-Ville ("Bitche city station"), is a railway station on the Haguenau–Hargarten-Falck line, located in the town of Bitche in the French department of Moselle.

It was opened in 1869 by the Chemins de fer de l'Est and closed in 2014 by the SNCF along with the Sarreguemines–Bitche section of the railway line.

Sarreguemines station
The Gare de Sarreguemines (German: Bahnhof Saargemünd) is a railway station near the French/German border on the Haguenau–Hargarten-Falck and the Saarbrücken–Sarreguemines lines, located in the town of Sarreguemines in the French department of Moselle.

It was opened in 1865 by the Chemins de fer de l'Est. It is now a station of the SNCF, served by regional express trains of the TER Grand Est. The border station is served by regional services running between Saarbrücken and Strasbourg. It is also served by the Saarbahn tram-train service.
Commandment (album)
Commandment is the seventh studio album by American death metal band Six Feet Under. It was released April 17, 2007, on Metal Blade Records. Music videos were released for "Ghosts of the Undead" and "Doomsday". "Doomsday" was premiered on Headbangers Ball on November 10.

Six Feet Under (band)
Six Feet Under is an American death metal band from Tampa, Florida, formed in 1993.

The band is currently composed of founding vocalist Chris Barnes, bassist Jeff Hughell, drummer Marco Pitruzzella, and guitarists Ray Suhy and Jack Owen. It was originally a side project formed by Barnes with guitarist Allen West of Obituary, but became a full-time commitment after Barnes was dismissed from Cannibal Corpse in 1995. Six Feet Under has released 14 albums, and is listed by Nielsen Soundscan as the fourth-best-selling death metal act in the U.S.
Statistics South Africa
Statistics South Africa (officially the Department of Statistics South Africa, and often shortened to Stats SA) is the national statistical service of South Africa. The Department has the goal of producing timely, accurate and official statistics to advance economic growth, development and democracy.

Statistics South Africa produces official demographic, economic and social censuses and surveys. To date Statistics South Africa has produced four censuses, in 1996, 2001, 2011 and 2022.

Statistics South Africa was previously known as the "Central Statistical Service", shortly after the end of apartheid and absorbed the statistical services of the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.

2001 South African census
The National Census of 2001 was the 2nd comprehensive national census of the Republic of South Africa, or Post-Apartheid South Africa. It undertook to enumerate every person present in South Africa on the census night between 9–10 October 2001 at a cost of R 987,000,000.

It was organised and planned by Statistics South Africa in terms of the Statistics Act from the beginning of 1999, under the commission of the Statistician-General Pali Lehohla. The enumeration primarily took place from 10 to 31 October 2001 and the results were published in 2003.
Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 260/265 – 30 May AD 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilius, was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist from the Roman province of Syria Palaestina. In about AD 314 he became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima.

Together with Pamphilus, Eusebius was a scholar of the biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians during late antiquity. He wrote the Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the biblical text. His work Onomasticon is an early geographical lexicon of places in the Holy Land mentioned in the Bible. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. He also produced a biographical work on Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman emperor, who was Augustus between AD 306 and AD 337.

Praeparatio evangelica
Preparation for the Gospel (Ancient Greek: Εὐαγγελικὴ προπαρασκευή, Euangelikē proparaskeuē), commonly known by its Latin title Praeparatio evangelica, is a work of Christian apologetics written by Eusebius in the early part of the fourth century AD. It was begun about the year 313, and attempts to prove the excellence of Christianity over pagan religions and philosophies. It was dedicated to Bishop Theodotus of Laodicea.

Eusebius devotes a considerable portion of the work to explaining what he sees as a debt that Greek philosophers owed to Hebrew culture.
Mary Lee Bendolph
Mary Lee Bendolph (born 1935) is an American quilt maker of the Gee's Bend Collective from Gee's Bend (Boykin), Alabama. Her work has been influential on subsequent quilters and artists and her quilts have been exhibited in museums and galleries around the country. Bendolph uses fabric from used clothing for quilting in appreciation of the "love and spirit" with old cloth. Bendolph has spent her life in Gee's Bend and has had work featured in the Philadelphia Museum of Art as well as the Minneapolis Institute of Art in Minnesota.

In 1999 the Los Angeles Times featured Bendolph in the Pulitzer Prize-winning article "Crossing Over", about the effort to reestablish ferry service across the Alabama River.

Quilts of Gee's Bend
The quilts of Gee's Bend are quilts created by a group of women and their ancestors who live or have lived in the isolated African-American hamlet of Gee's Bend, Alabama, along the Alabama River.

The quilting tradition can be dated back to the nineteenth century and endures to this day. The residents of Gee's Bend, Alabama, are direct descendants of the enslaved people who worked the cotton plantation established in 1816 by Joseph Gee.

The quilts of Gee's Bend are among the most important African-American visual and cultural contributions to the history of art within the United States. The women of Gee's Bend have gained international attention and acclaim for their artistry, with exhibitions of Gee's Bend quilts held in museums and galleries across the United States and beyond. This recognition has, in turn, brought increased economic opportunities to the community.
Florestano Di Fausto
Florestano Di Fausto (16 July 1890 – 11 January 1965) was an Italian architect, engineer and politician who is best known for his building designs in the Italian overseas territories around the Mediterranean. He is considered the most important colonial architect of the Fascist age in Italy and has been described as the "architect of the Mediterranean". Uncontested protagonist of the architectural scene first in the Italian Islands of the Aegean and then in Italian Libya, he was gifted with a remarkable preparation combined with consummate skills, which allowed him to master and to use indifferently and in any geographical context the most diverse architectural styles, swinging between eclecticism and rationalism. His legacy, long neglected, has been highlighted since the 1990s.

Italian Islands of the Aegean
The Italian Islands of the Aegean (Italian: Isole italiane dell'Egeo; Greek: Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι Αἰγαίου Πελάγους; Turkish: Ege'deki İtalyan Adaları) were an archipelago of fourteen islands (the Dodecanese, except Kastellorizo) in the southeastern Aegean Sea, that—together with the surrounding islets—were ruled by the Kingdom of Italy from 1912 to 1943 and the Italian Social Republic (under German occupation) from 1943 to 1945. When the Kingdom of Italy was restored, they remained under its formal possession, and after 1946 under that of the Italian Republic, until they were ceded to the Kingdom of Greece in 1947 under the Treaty of Paris; in practice, they were under British occupation during this period.
Sturgeon House
The Sturgeon House is a saltbox house dating from around 1838 in Fairview, Erie County, in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The Sturgeon House is operated as museum by the Fairview Area Historical Society.

Fairview Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania
Fairview Township is a township in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Lake Erie, it was one of the county's sixteen original townships, and was founded in 1797.

In 1998 Fairview Township annexed the former Fairview Borough.

According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the township's population was 11,137, which is an increase from the 2010 census of 10,102. It is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.
López Adobe
López Adobe, located at 1100 Pico Street in San Fernando, California, is one of the two oldest private residences in the San Fernando Valley. Built in 1882 by early settlers of the San Fernando Valley a short distance from the San Fernando Mission, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.

The Grand-Reopening of the property occurred on March 22, 2015, and is now open for public tours once every 4th Sunday of every month from 12-4 P.M.

Butterfield Overland Mail in California
The Butterfield Overland Mail in California was created by the United States Congress on March 3, 1857, and operated until June 30, 1861. Subsequently, other stage lines operated along the Butterfield Overland Mail in route in Alta California until the Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in Yuma, Arizona in 1877.

The route lasted from 1857 to 1861 and became one of the most important roads in the early settlement and development of California.
Gertrude – The Cry
Gertrude – The Cry is a play by British playwright Howard Barker. The play had its world premiere in 2002, directed by the author, in the great hall of Elsinore Castle, Denmark as part of the annual international Hamlet Festival. Its original production featured actors Tom Burke, Sean O'Callaghan, Jason Morell, Justin Avoth, Emma Gersch, Jane Bertish and Victoria Wicks.

Gertrude – The Cry is Howard Barker's reworking of Shakespeare's Hamlet, focusing on the character of Queen Gertrude, the mother of Prince Hamlet in Shakespeare's play. It is not the first time Barker took an existing play as the basis for a reworking. In 1991, he re-imagined Chekhov's Uncle Vanya in his play Vanya, and in 1986 he adapted Thomas Middleton's Women Beware Women.

Barker considers Gertrude to be one of his major works, remarking that "It's probably my best play... The one for which I feel the greatest satisfaction in".

Gertrude (Hamlet)
In William Shakespeare's play Hamlet, Gertrude is Hamlet's mother and Queen of Denmark. Her relationship with Hamlet is somewhat turbulent, since he resents her marrying her husband's brother Claudius after he murdered the king (young Hamlet's father, King Hamlet). Gertrude reveals no guilt in her marriage with Claudius after the recent murder of her husband, and Hamlet begins to show signs of jealousy towards Claudius. According to Hamlet, she scarcely mourned her husband's death before marrying Claudius.

She is based on Gerutha (from Saxo Grammaticus' Amleth); her name may be influenced by Gertrude of Bavaria, who was Queen of Denmark in the late 12th century.
Shootout on Juneau Wharf
The Shootout on Juneau Wharf was a gunfight between Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith, Frank H. Reid, and Jesse Murphy that took place on Friday, July 8, 1898, at approximately 9:15 p.m. in Skagway, District of Alaska, in the United States. Smith was shot in the heart and died shortly afterwards, and Reid died of his injuries 12 days later.

Frank H. Reid
Frank H. Reid (c. 1844 – July 20, 1898) was an American soldier, teacher, city engineer, vigilante, and one of the  combatants in the shootout on Juneau Wharf that ended the life of American outlaw Jefferson "Soapy" Smith, as well as Reid's own life.
Jasti Chelameswar
Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) is a former judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme Court judge. He was the chief justice of the Kerala High Court from 2010 to 2011 and of the Gauhati High Court from 2007 to 2010. He was also one of the four Supreme Court judges (along with Kurian Joseph, Ranjan Gogoi and Madan Lokur) who said they felt "compelled to call" a press conference over Chief Justice Dipak Misra's style of administration and allocation of cases.

Dipak Misra
Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is an Indian jurist who served as the 45th Chief Justice of India from 28 August 2017 till 2 October 2018. He is also a former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court and Delhi High Court. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Misra, the 21st Chief Justice of India from 1990 to 1991.
Double (association football)
The Double, in association football, is the achievement of winning a country's top tier division and its primary domestic cup competition in the same season. The lists in this article examine this definition of a double, while derivative sections examine much less frequent, continental instances. The Double can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season, a feat often noted as doing the double over a particular opponent.

The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, winning the FA Cup and The Football League in the inaugural season of the league.

The team that holds the record for the most doubles is Linfield of Northern Ireland, with a total of 25.

South Africa and Trinidad and Tobago are the two countries with the most Double-winning clubs, with 13 clubs each.

Treble (association football)
A treble in association football is achieved when a club team wins three trophies in a single season. A continental treble involves winning the club's top-level domestic league competition, main domestic cup competition, and main continental trophy. Although winning a second-tier continental trophy (e.g. Europa League) has also been described as a continental treble, it is not as widely accepted. A domestic treble involves winning three national competitions—including the league title, the primary cup competition, and one secondary competition, such as a league cup.

Competitions which consist of a single match or a two-leg match are not normally counted as part of a continental treble (e.g., the FA Community Shield, Supercopa de España, Supercoppa Italiana, Trophée des Champions, DFL-Supercup, UEFA Super Cup, Recopa Sudamericana, FIFA Club World Cup (2005–2023 editions), Intercontinental Cup and others).
Anthony Swofford
Anthony Swofford (born August 12, 1970) is an American writer and U.S. Marine veteran, best known for his 2003 book Jarhead, based heavily on his accounts of various situations encountered in the Persian Gulf War. This memoir was the basis of the 2005 film of the same name, directed by Sam Mendes.

Jarhead (book)
Jarhead is a 2003 Gulf War memoir by author and former U.S. Marine Anthony Swofford. After leaving military service, the author went on to college and earned a double master's degree in Fine Arts at the University of Iowa.
Grand Isle County, Vermont
Grand Isle County is a county in the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,293, making it Vermont's second-least populous county. Its shire town (county seat) is North Hero. The county was created in 1802 and organized in 1805.

Grand Isle County is part of the Burlington metropolitan area. The county does not have a high school; students choose from a number of high schools in neighboring counties.. The county consists of several non-contiguous and sparsely populated islands and peninsulas of Lake Champlain, connected to each other by U.S. Route 2.

North Hero, Vermont
North Hero is a town in and the shire town (county seat) of Grand Isle County, Vermont, United States. The population was 939 at the 2020 census.

The town was named in honor of the American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen.
Thomas Oppermann
Thomas Ludwig Albert Oppermann (27 April 1954 – 25 October 2020) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From October 2017 until his death, he served as Vice President of the Bundestag. In his earlier career, he served as First Secretary (2007–2013) and later as chairman (2013–2017) of the SPD Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag.

Oppermann belonged to the right wing of the SPD, known as Seeheimer Kreis.

Seeheimer Kreis
The Seeheimer Kreis (German pronunciation: [ˈzeːˌhaɪ̯.mɐ kʁaɪ̯s] ⓘ; English: "Seeheim Circle") is an official internal grouping in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The group describes itself as "undogmatic and pragmatic" and generally takes moderately liberal economic positions.

It was founded in September 1974. One of the prominent founding members is Gesine Schwan, a former SPD candidate for the German presidency. As of 2022, the group's spokespeople are Marja-Liisa Völlers, Dirk Wiese, and Uwe Schmidt. The Circle is named after its long-standing meeting place, Seeheim (Bergstraße), just south of Frankfurt.
Tilehurst
Tilehurst /ˈtaɪlhɜːrst/ is a village on the western outskirts of the town of Reading in the county of Berkshire, England. It extends from the River Thames in the north to the A4 road in the south.

The village is partly within the boundaries of the borough of Reading and partly in the district of West Berkshire. The part within West Berkshire forms part of the civil parish of Tilehurst, which also includes the northern part of Calcot and a small rural area west of the village. The part within the borough of Reading includes the Reading electoral ward of Tilehurst, together with parts of Kentwood and Norcot wards.

Tilehurst (Reading ward)
Tilehurst is an electoral ward of the Borough of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. It forms part of the larger Reading suburb of Tilehurst, which also includes parts of other borough wards, together with the civil parish of Tilehurst Without that is outside the borough boundary in the district of West Berkshire.
Rhenish Railway Company
The Rhenish Railway Company (German: Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE)  was along with the Cologne-Minden Railway Company (CME) and the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (BME) one of the railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia.

Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company
The Bergisch-Markisch Railway Company (German: Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, BME), also referred to as the Berg-Mark Railway Company or, more rarely, as the Bergisch-Markische Railway Company, was a German railway company that together with the Cologne-Minden Railway (Cöln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, CME) and the Rhenish Railway Company (Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, RhE) was one of the three (nominally) private railway companies that in the mid-19th century built the first railways in the Ruhr and large parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia. Its name refers to Bergisches Land and the County of Mark.
Rocket engine nozzle
A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities.

Simply: propellants pressurized by either pumps or high pressure ullage gas to anywhere between two and several hundred atmospheres are injected into a combustion chamber to burn, and the combustion chamber leads into a nozzle which converts the energy contained in high pressure, high temperature combustion products into kinetic energy by accelerating the gas to high velocity and near-ambient pressure.

The typical high level goal in nozzle design is to maximize its thrust coefficient , which acts as a strong multiplier to the exhaust velocity inherent to the combustion chamber alone (its characteristic velocity , which is independent of nozzle design).

Characteristic velocity
Characteristic velocity, , or C-star is a measure of the combustion performance of a rocket engine independent of nozzle performance, and is used to compare different propellants and propulsion systems. It is independent of the nozzle, making it a useful metric for evaluating propellant combustion alone. c* should not be confused with c, which is the effective exhaust velocity related to the specific impulse by: . Specific impulse and effective exhaust velocity are dependent on the nozzle design unlike the characteristic velocity, explaining why C-star is an important value when comparing different propulsion system efficiencies. c* can be useful when comparing actual combustion performance to theoretical performance in order to determine how completely chemical energy release occurred, or the combustion efficiency. This is known as c*-efficiency, or , and is calculated by dividing  with . Standard values for  range from 0.85 to 1.03.
Yoshiko Yamaguchi
Yoshiko Yamaguchi (Japanese: 山口淑子 Yamaguchi Yoshiko; Chinese: 山口淑子 Shānkǒu Shūzǐ; 12 February 1920 – 7 September 2014) was a Japanese singer, actress, journalist, and politician. Born in China, she made an international career in film in China, Hong Kong, Japan and the United States.

Early in her career, the Manchukuo Film Association concealed her Japanese origin and she went by the Chinese name Li Hsiang-lan (李香蘭), rendered in Japanese as Ri Kōran. This allowed her to represent China in Japanese propaganda movies. After the war, she appeared in Japanese movies under her real name, as well as in several English language movies under the stage name, Shirley Yamaguchi.

After becoming a journalist in the 1950s under the name Yoshiko Ōtaka (大鷹 淑子, Ōtaka Yoshiko), she was elected as a member of the Japanese parliament in 1974, and served for 18 years. After retiring from politics, she served as vice president of the Asian Women's Fund.

Manchukuo Film Association
Manchukuo Film Association Corporation (株式會社滿洲映畫協會, Kabushiki kaisha Manshū eiga kyōkai) or Man'ei (滿映) (Chinese: 株式會社滿洲映畫協會) was a Japanese film studio in Manchukuo during the 1930s and 1940s.

After the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, the Soviet Red Army facilitated the transfer of Man-ei's assets and equipment to the Chinese communists. This became the basis for the Chinese Communist Party's first full function film studio, the Northeastern Film Studio.