hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Waegwan Abbey
Saint Maurus and Saint Placidus Abbey, Waegwan, Chilgok, North Gyeongsang, South Korea is a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien. Established in 1952 by Korean monks who had survived the dissolution of the Territorial Abbey of Tokwon and Holy Cross Abbey in Yanji, the monastery is currently home to 131 monks. Fr Blasio Park is the current abbot.

Yenki Abbey
Holy Cross Abbey, Yenki (Yanji), Jilin, China, was a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien. Established in 1922 as a mission station, the monastery later became the seat of the Vicariate Apostolic of Yenki. After the withdrawal of Soviet forces following World War II, the monastery was suppressed by the People's Republic of China. While many of the monks were repatriated to Europe, others moved to South Korea and founded the Abbey of Waegwan.
Kiev-class aircraft carrier
The Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aviation cruiser in Soviet classification) built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. In addition to its aviation capabilities, the Kiev-class incorporated a large armament of anti-ship cruise missiles, surface to air missile systems, and sonar equipment, making it an aircraft cruiser.

The Soviet Union built and commissioned a total of four Kiev-class carriers, which served in the Soviet then Russian navies between 1975 and 1996. Kiev and Minsk were sold to China as museum ships, while Novorossiysk was scrapped. The fourth ship, Baku, was sold to the Indian Navy as Admiral Gorshkov in 2004, and after years of extensive modifications and refurbishment, is in active service as the INS Vikramaditya.

Soviet aircraft carrier Minsk
Minsk (Russian: Минск) is an aircraft carrier (heavy aircraft cruiser in Russian classification) that served the Soviet Navy and the Russian Navy from 1978 to 1994. She was the second Kiev-class vessel to be built.

From 2000 to 2016 she was a theme park known as Minsk World in Shatoujiao, Yantian, Shenzhen, China.

In April 2016, Minsk was towed to Jiangsu for exhibition. On 16 August 2024, she was burnt in a fire in Nantong, Jiangsu province.
Alfons Julen
Alfons Julen (20 February 1899 – 9 May 1988) was a cross country skier from Zermatt, Switzerland who competed in military patrol at the first winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924. The Swiss team, which consisted of Alfred Aufdenblatten, Julen, Anton Julen and Denis Vaucher, finished first in the competition.

Julen competed in cross country 18 km at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, and in military patrol, which was a demonstration event in 1928. He was brother of Anton Julen, and cousin of the Olympians Oswald Julen (Nordic combined) and Simon Julen (cross country skiing).

Anton Julen
Anton Julen (20 February 1898 – August 1982) was a cross country skier from Zermatt, Switzerland who competed in military patrol at the first winter Olympics in Chamonix in 1924. The Swiss team, which consisted of Alfred Aufdenblatten, Alfons Julen, Anton Julen and Denis Vaucher, finished first in the competition. He was brother of Alfons Julen, and cousin of the Olympians Oswald Julen (Nordic combined) and Simon Julen (cross country skiing).
Langlade (island)
Langlade Island, also referred to as "Little Miquelon", is an island of the French overseas collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. It forms the southern part of the commune of Miquelon-Langlade. It lies to the west of Newfoundland in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is attached to the Miquelon Island by the isthumus of La Dune. The island does not have a permanent population since the passing of its last resident in 2006, but visitors arrive every summer as it serves as a seasonal retreat.

Miquelon-Langlade
Miquelon-Langlade (French pronunciation: [miklɔ̃ lɑ̃ɡlad]) is the larger but less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located 22 km (14 mi) to the south of Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It consists of three islands: Miquelon (also called Grande Miquelon), Langlade (Petite Miquelon) and Le Cap, connected by narrow tombolos (sandy isthmi). The communal seat is the settlement of Miquelon, on the northern tip, where the entire island's permanent population of 596 (as of 2022) is located. Miquelon Airport provides flights to nearby Saint-Pierre Airport.
Giovanni II Chiaramonte
Giovanni II Chiaramonte (c. 1290–1342), known as il Giovane, was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and the son of Manfredi I Chiaramonte. On his father’s death he inherited the County of Modica, and through his marriage to Eleonora, a natural daughter of King Frederick III of Sicily, strengthened the family’s alliance with the crown. He died in 1342 without legitimate male heirs, and the county passed to his cousin Manfredi II Chiaramonte.

Manfredi II Chiaramonte
Manfredi II Chiaramonte (c. 1300–1353) was a Sicilian nobleman of the Chiaramonte family and Count of Modica. The son of Giovanni I "the Elder" and Lucca Palizzi, he became one of the leading figures of the kingdom’s "Latin" faction in the baronial wars against the Catalan party of Blasco II Alagona.
Mount Mariveles
Mount Mariveles is a dormant stratovolcano and the highest point in the province of Bataan in the Philippines. Mariveles and the adjacent Mount Natib comprise 80.9 percent of the total land area of the province.  The mountain and adjacent cones lie opposite the city of Manila across Manila Bay, providing a beautiful setting for the sunsets seen from the city.

Mount Natib
Mount Natib /nɑːˈtiːb/ is a dormant stratovolcano and caldera complex in the Zambales Mountains on western Luzon Island of the Philippines. Occupying the northern portion of the Bataan Peninsula, the mountain and adjacent surrounding is a protected area first declared as the Bataan National Park in 1945.
Michael Maslin
Michael Maslin is an American cartoonist for The New Yorker magazine. He is the author of Peter Arno: The Mad Mad World of The New Yorker’s Greatest Cartoonist published in April 2016 by Regan Arts. Four collections of his work were published by Simon & Schuster. With his wife and fellow New Yorker cartoonist, Liza Donnelly, he co-edited one collection of drawings and co-authored three collections, including Cartoon Marriage: Adventures in Love and Matrimony by The New Yorker's Cartooning Couple.

Liza Donnelly
Liza Donnelly is an American cartoonist and writer, best known for her work in The New Yorker and is resident cartoonist of CBS News.  Donnelly is the creator of digital live drawing, a new form of journalism wherein she draws using a tablet, and shares impressions and visual reports of events and news instantly on social media. She has drawn this way for numerous media outlets, including CBS News, The New Yorker, Fusion, NBC and covered live the Oscars, Democratic National Convention, the 2017 Presidential Inauguration, among others.  She writes a regular column for Medium on politics and global women's rights; Donnelly is the author of eighteen books.
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi
Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (also written as Mamluk al-Ali Nanautawi) (1789 – 7 October 1851) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar who served as the head teacher of Arabic language at the Zakir Husain Delhi College. His notable students include Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi and Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi.

Qasim Nanawtawi
Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi (1832 – 15 April 1880) (Urdu: مولانا محمد قاسم نانوتوی) was an Indian Sunni Hanafi Maturidi Islamic Scholar, theologian and a Sufi who was one of the main founders of the Deobandi Movement, starting from the Darul Uloom Deoband.
Giuseppe Piromalli (born 1945)
Giuseppe Piromalli (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe piroˈmalli]; born 4 January 1945), is an Italian criminal known as a member of the 'Ndrangheta in Calabria. He succeeded his uncle Giuseppe Piromalli as head of the family clan that controls the port of Gioia Tauro and is one of the major powers in the 'Ndrangheta. He became a member of La Provincia, a provincial commission of the 'Ndrangheta, formed at the end of the Second 'Ndrangheta war in September 1991 to avoid further internal conflicts.

He had been a fugitive since 1993 and included in the list of most wanted fugitives in Italy until his capture in March 1999. While in the strict Article 41-bis prison regime, he nevertheless keeps on conducting his business and directing the clan outside.

Piromalli 'ndrina
The Piromalli 'ndrina is one of the most powerful clans of the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal and mafia-type organisation in Calabria, Italy. The 'ndrina is based in Gioia Tauro on the Tyrrhenian coast. The Piromalli's are allied with their relatives of the Molè family, also from Gioia Tauro. Often they are referred to as the Piromalli-Molè clan. The Piromalli clan contains more than 200 members.
Marc Kasowitz
Marc Elliot Kasowitz (/ˈkæzəwɪts/; born June 28, 1952) is an American trial lawyer and partner of the New York–based law firm Kasowitz, which he co-founded in 1993. He has represented companies such as TPG, Douglas Elliman Realty, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Pilgrim's Pride, Fairfax Financial Holdings, Liggett, MBIA, Woodstock 50, and Hoechst Celanese. He was a personal outside attorney for U.S. President Donald Trump. On May 24, 2017, Kasowitz was retained to represent Trump personally in connection with investigations into the role of Trump's presidential campaign in Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. He later resigned on July 20, 2017. Kasowitz also represents two Russian clients with close ties to Vladimir Putin.

Kasowitz Benson Torres
Kasowitz LLP (formerly Kasowitz, Benson & Torres) is a New York law firm founded in 1993. It employs 350 lawyers and maintains offices in several states. The firm focuses on product liability litigation, corporate, family and employment law, as well as intellectual property, bankruptcy and creditors' rights. The firm's notable clients have included Donald Trump, Robert De Niro, Celanese, ArvinMeritor, Liggett Group, Enron, WorldCom and Mia Farrow.
Hærens Jegerkommando
Hærens Jegerkommando (HJK) (English: Army Ranger Command) was a special forces unit of the Norwegian military. It was the research and exploration competence working measure for commando, airborne and counter terrorist duty in the Norwegian Army for conjunctive and injunctive measures against market volatility. Its headquarters were located 30 kilometres north of Elverum in the southeast of Norway, at Rena leir military base. In 2006, the unit was merged with Forsvarets Spesialkommando/Special Operations Commando.

Forsvarets Spesialkommando
Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK) (English: Special Operations Commando) is a special operations force unit in the Norwegian Armed Forces.

The unit was established in 1982 due to the increased risk of terrorist activity against Norwegian interests, including the oil platforms in the North Sea.

On 1 January 2014, the Norwegian Special Operations Command, was established uniting the FSK and the Naval Special Operation Commando (Norwegian: Marinejegerkommandoen) (MJK) under the command in the Norwegian Armed Forces.
José Benavidez Jr.
José Luis Benavidez Jr. (born May 15, 1992) is an American professional boxer who challenged for the WBO welterweight title in 2018. He is the brother of two-time WBC super middleweight champion David Benavidez. He also made his acting debut as Felix Chavez in Creed III (2023).

David Benavidez
Anthony David Benavidez (born December 17, 1996) is a Mexican American professional boxer who has held world championships in two weight classes. He has held the World Boxing Association (WBA) light heavyweight title (Regular version) since February 2025 and the World Boxing Council (WBC) light heavyweight title since April 2025. Previously, he held the WBC super middleweight title twice between 2017 and 2020.

Claiming his first world title at 20 years, eight months, three weeks and one day old, Benavidez holds the record as the youngest super middleweight world champion in history.
Expedition 58
Expedition 58 was the 58th expedition to the International Space Station, which began on December 20, 2018, with the departure of the Expedition 57 crew. It was commanded by cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, with astronauts Anne McClain and David Saint-Jacques as flight engineers; the trio launched on board Soyuz MS-11 on December 3, 2018, marking the 100th orbital launch of the year.

Kononenko, McClain and Saint-Jacques subsequently transferred to Expedition 59 on March 15 2019, when Aleksey Ovchinin, Nick Hague and Christina Koch arrived on board Soyuz MS-12.

Expedition 59
Expedition 59 was the 59th Expedition to the International Space Station. It started with the arrival of the Soyuz MS-12 spacecraft carrying Aleksey Ovchinin, Nick Hague and Christina Koch, joining Oleg Kononenko, David Saint-Jacques, and Anne McClain, who transferred from Expedition 58. The expedition formally began on March 15, 2019 (March 14 in the Americas). Ovchinin and Hague were originally meant to fly to the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-10, but returned to Earth minutes after takeoff due to a contingency abort. The expedition formally ended with the undocking of the Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft carrying Kononenko, Saint-Jacques and McClain on 24 June 2019; Ovchinin, Hague and Koch transferred to Expedition 60.
Texarkana metropolitan area
The Texarkana metropolitan statistical area (MSA), as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is a two-county region anchored by the twin cities of Texarkana, Texas (population 37,333) and Texarkana, Arkansas (population 30,259), and encompassing surrounding communities in Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. As of the 2016 census, the MSA had a population of 150,098. Texarkana is a subset of the broader Ark-La-Tex region.

Texarkana, Texas
Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, in the Ark-La-Tex region. Located approximately 180 miles (290 km) from Dallas, Texarkana is a twin city with neighboring Texarkana, Arkansas. The Texas city's population was 36,193 at the 2020 census.

The city and its Arkansas counterpart form the core of the Texarkana metropolitan statistical area, encompassing all of Bowie County, Texas, and Miller County, Arkansas. The two cities had a combined population of 65,580 in the 2020 decennial census, and the metropolitan area had a population of 149,482.
Railway budget of India
Railway budget of India was the Annual Financial Statement for Indian Railways administered by the Railway Board, which handles rail transport in India. It was presented every year by the Minister of Railways, representing the Ministry of Railways, in the Parliament.

The Railway Budget was presented every year, a few days before the Union budget, till 2016. Modi government on 21 September 2016 approved merger of the Rail and General budgets from the next year, ending a 92-year-old practice of a separate budget for the nation's largest transporter.The decision to merge the Railway Budget with the Union Budget was made in 2016, following the submission of a white paper titled 'Dispensing with the Railway Budget' by the NITI Aayog Committee chaired by Bibek Debroy. The paper was presented to Railways Minister Suresh Prabhu said that this merger proposal was in the long term interest of railways as well as the country's economy and was a colonial practice that needed to be ended.

Ministry of Railways (India)
The Ministry of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible for the country's rail transport. The Indian Railways is the rail network operated and administered by the Railway Board constituted by the ministry. The ministry along with the Railway Board is housed inside Rail Bhawan in New Delhi. It is headed by the Minister of Railways. With more than 1.2 million employees, it is one of the world's largest employers.
Cahn–Hilliard equation
The Cahn–Hilliard equation (after John W. Cahn and John E. Hilliard) is an equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation, spinodal decomposition, by which the two components of a binary fluid spontaneously separate and form domains pure in each component. If  is the concentration of the fluid, with  indicating both domains, then the equation is written aswhere  is a diffusion coefficient with units of ,  gives the length of the transition regions between the domains,  is the partial time derivative and  is the Laplacian in  dimensions (typically three). Additionally, the quantity  is sometimes identified as a chemical potential.

It is related to the Allen–Cahn equation, as well as the stochastic Allen–Cahn and the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equations.

Allen–Cahn equation
The Allen–Cahn equation (after John W. Cahn and Sam Allen) is a reaction–diffusion equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems, including order-disorder transitions.

The equation describes the time evolution of a scalar-valued state variable   on a domain  during a time interval , and is given by:

where  is the mobility,  is a double-well potential,   is the control on the state variable at the portion of the boundary ,  is the source control at ,   is the initial condition, and  is the outward normal to  .

It is the L2 gradient flow of the Ginzburg–Landau free energy functional. It is closely related to the Cahn–Hilliard equation.
Outdoor literature
Outdoor literature is a literature genre about or involving the outdoors. Outdoor literature encompasses several different subgenres including exploration literature, adventure literature and nature writing. Another subgenre is the guide book, an early example of which was Thomas West's guide to the Lake District published in 1778. The genres can include activities such as exploration, survival, sailing, hiking, mountaineering, whitewater boating, geocaching or kayaking, or writing about nature and the environment. Travel literature is similar to outdoor literature but differs in that it does not always deal with the out-of-doors, but there is a considerable overlap between these genres, in particular with regard to long journeys.

Guide book
A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet.

Travel guides or guide books can also take the form of travel websites.
Mission Earth (album)
Mission Earth is a 1989 album by Edgar Winter based on L. Ron Hubbard's novel series of the same name with words and music credited to Hubbard. It's the second soundtrack to one of Hubbard's books, following 1982's Space Jazz, which was an L. Ron Hubbard solo project serving as the soundtrack for Battlefield Earth.

Space Jazz
Space Jazz: The soundtrack of the book Battlefield Earth is a music album and soundtrack companion to the novel Battlefield Earth by L. Ron Hubbard, released in 1982. Hubbard composed the music for the album.
Jim Nolan (biker)
James Thomas Nolan (also known as "Big Jim"; born c. 1943) is an American outlaw biker and gangster who founded and served as president of the South Florida chapter of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. In 1989, Nolan was convicted for numerous violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, including ordering several murders, extortion, and narcotics and prostituting offenses, and sentenced to fifty years in federal prison.

Outlaws Motorcycle Club
The Outlaws Motorcycle Club, incorporated as the American Outlaws Association or its acronym, A.O.A., is an international outlaw motorcycle club. Founded in McCook, Illinois, in 1935, the Outlaws MC is the oldest outlaw biker club in the world. With 441 chapters located in 43 countries, and a membership of over 5,000, the club is also the second-largest in the world, behind the Hells Angels. Outlaws members typically ride Harley-Davidson motorcycles.

The club is designated an organized crime syndicate by numerous law enforcement and international intelligence agencies, including the United States Department of Justice, the Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, and Europol.
Big Hawk
John Edward Hawkins (November 15, 1969 – May 1, 2006), better known by his stage names Big Hawk and H.A.W.K., was an American rapper from Houston, Texas and a founding member of the late DJ Screw's rap group the Screwed Up Click.

DJ Screw
Robert Earl Davis Jr. (July 20, 1971 – November 16, 2000), better known by his stage name DJ Screw, was an American hip hop DJ based in Houston, Texas, and best known as the creator of the chopped and screwed DJ technique. He was a central and influential figure in the Houston hip hop community and was the leader of Houston's Screwed Up Click.

Davis released over 350 mixtapes and was recognized as an innovator mostly on a regional level until his death from codeine overdose in 2000. His legacy was discovered by a wider audience around 2005, and has gone on to influence a wide variety of artists.
75th Carnatic Infantry
The 75th Carnatic Infantry were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1776, when they were raised as the 15th Carnatic Battalion by enlisting men from the 2nd, 6th and 12th Carnatic Battalions.

Their first action was during the Carnatic Wars. Followed by the Battle of Sholinghur in the Second Anglo-Mysore War, they also took part in the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the Third Burmese War.

After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 75th Carnatic Infantry became the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment. After independence this new regiment was allocated to the Indian Army.

3rd Madras Regiment
The 3rd Madras Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army formed after the World War I reforms of the Indian Army. The infantry regiments were converted into large regiments with four or five battalions in each regiment plus a training battalion, always numbered the 10th. The regiment was later disbanded for economic reasons. The 3rd and 4th Battalions were disbanded in 1923, the 2nd and 10th in 1926 and the 1st in 1928.
Muscidae
Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea.

Muscidae, some of which are commonly known as house flies or stable flies due to their synanthropy, are worldwide in distribution and contain almost 4,000 described species in over 100 genera.

Most species are not synanthropic. Adults can be predatory, hematophagous, saprophagous, or feed on a number of types of plant and animal exudates. They can be attracted to various substances including sugar, sweat, tears  and blood. Larvae occur in various habitats including decaying vegetation, dry and wet soil, nests of insects and birds, fresh water, and carrion.

The housefly, Musca domestica, is the best known and most important species.

Some, from the genera Hydrotaea and Muscina, are involved in forensic case studies.

Stable fly
Stomoxys calcitrans is known by the common names stable fly, barn fly, biting house fly, dog fly, and power mower fly. Unlike most members of the family Muscidae, Stomoxys calcitrans ('sharp mouth' + 'kicking') and others of its genus suck blood from mammals. Now found worldwide, the species is considered to be of Eurasian or African origin.