hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Coopers Beach
Coopers Beach is a settlement on the southern side of Doubtless Bay in Northland, New Zealand. State Highway 10 runs through it. It is one of the Taipa-Mangonui string of settlements, separated from Cable Bay on the west by Otanenui Stream and from Mangōnui on the east by Mill Bay Road.

The settlement is named for coopers who build and repair barrels.

Taumarumaru Reserve on the western side of Coopers Beach contains three pā sites. Taumarumaru Pā is on the central ridge, with Ohumuhumu Pā and Otanenui Pā on the headland.

Rangikapiti Pā is a heritage site northeast of Coopers Beach which retains terraces and a defensive ditch around the pā.

Taipa-Mangonui
Taipa-Mangonui or Taipa Bay-Mangonui is a string of small resort settlements – Taipa, Cable Bay, Coopers Beach, and Mangōnui – that lie along the coast of Doubtless Bay in the Far North District of New Zealand. They are so close together that they have run together to form one larger settlement.

The miniature conurbation lies 150 kilometres by road northwest of Whangārei (and 100 kilometres as the crow flies), 20 kilometres northeast of Kaitaia, and nearly 100 kilometres southeast of the northernmost tip of the North Island. It is one of the largest settlements in the Far North, after the main towns of Kerikeri, Kaitaia and Kaikohe. It is the northernmost centre in New Zealand with a population of more than 1000.
Lying in state
Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a deceased official, such as a head of state, is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects. It traditionally takes place in a major government building of a country, state, or city. While the practice differs among countries, in the United States, a viewing in a location other than a  government building, such as a church, may be referred to as lying in repose. These rituals are in effect a more formal and public wake or funeral viewing. Lying in state may precede a state funeral, or it may be the public honor preceding a private funeral.

State funeral
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a national day of mourning after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets.
Stephanorhinus
Stephanorhinus is an extinct genus of two-horned rhinoceros native to Eurasia and North Africa that lived from the Late Pliocene until their extinction in the Late Pleistocene. Species of Stephanorhinus were the predominant and often only species of rhinoceros in much of temperate Eurasia, especially Europe, for most of the Pleistocene. The last two species of Stephanorhinus – Merck's rhinoceros (S. kirchbergensis) and the narrow-nosed rhinoceros (S. hemitoechus) – went extinct during the last glacial period, persisting until at least 40,000 years ago and possibly later.

Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis
Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, also known as Merck's rhinoceros (or, less commonly, the forest rhinoceros), is an extinct species of rhinoceros belonging to the genus Stephanorhinus that lived in Eurasia from the end of the Early Pleistocene (around 800,000 years ago) until its extinction in the Late Pleistocene (surviving until at least 40,000 years ago and possibly later). Its range spanned from Western Europe to East Asia. Among the last members of the genus, it co-existed alongside Stephanorhinus hemitoechus (the narrow-nosed or steppe rhinoceros) in the western part of its range.
Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (Russian plural: kolkhozy; anglicized plural: kolkhozes (Russian: колхо́з, IPA: [kɐlˈxos] ⓘ) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union. Kolkhozes existed along with state farms or sovkhoz. These were the two components of the socialized farm sector that began to emerge in Soviet agriculture after the October Revolution of 1917, as an antithesis both to the feudal structure of impoverished serfdom and aristocratic landlords and to individual or family farming.

Collective farming
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise. There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective; and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization.
Berlin Wriezener Bahnhof
Berlin Wriezener Bahnhof was a passenger railway terminus in Berlin, Germany. The station was situated close to the modern Ostbahnhof, and its goods station (Wriezener Güterbahnhof) was extended between it and Warschauer Straße station. From 1867 to 1882, nearby the Wriezener Bahnhof, Old Ostbahnhof functioned as a passenger terminal.

Berlin Ostbahnhof
Berlin Ostbahnhof (German for Berlin East railway station) is a main line railway station in Berlin, Germany. It is located in the Friedrichshain quarter, now part of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough, and has undergone several name changes in its history. It was known as Berlin Hauptbahnhof from 1987 to 1998, a name now applied to Berlin's new central station at the former Lehrter station. Alongside Berlin Zoologischer Garten station it was one of the city's two main stations; however, it has declined in significance since the opening of the new Hauptbahnhof on 26 May 2006, and many mainline trains have been re-routed on the North–South mainline through the new Tiergarten tunnel, bypassing Ostbahnhof. This station is open 24/7.
RFU Senior Vase
The RFU Senior Vase is a rugby union national knockout cup competition in England run by the Rugby Football Union, which has been competed for since the 2006–07 season.  It is contested for by teams at level 8 of the English rugby union system, with only 1st XV sides being allowed to enter.  The competition is a national one but is split into regions until the semi-finals with the final being held at Twickenham Stadium in London.  As of 2018-19 it is the fourth most prestigious national club cup competition in England behind the Premiership Rugby Cup, RFU Championship Cup and RFU Intermediate Cup.

RFU Intermediate Cup
The RFU Intermediate Cup is a rugby union national knockout cup competition in England run by the Rugby Football Union. It is contested by teams at level 7 of the English rugby union system. While the competition is a national one, it is however split into regions until the semi-finals with the final being held at Twickenham Stadium in London. It was first contested in 1997. Presently, the RFU Intermediate Cup is the third most important club cup competition in England, behind the Premiership Rugby Cup and RFU Championship Cup.
Gary Goldsmith
Gary Christopher Goldsmith (born 29 April 1965) is a British businessman and entrepreneur who is known for his work in IT recruitment. He is the brother of Carole Middleton (née Goldsmith) and the maternal uncle of Catherine, Princess of Wales. In March 2024, he became the first housemate to be evicted on the twenty-third series of Celebrity Big Brother.

Carole Middleton
Carole Elizabeth Middleton (née Goldsmith; born 31 January 1955) is an English businesswoman. She is the mother of Catherine, Princess of Wales, Philippa Matthews, and James Middleton.

Born in Perivale and brought up in Southall, London, Middleton was educated at Featherstone High School before working as a secretary. She joined British Airways and worked as a flight attendant until her marriage to Michael Middleton, a member of the Middleton family.

Middleton founded Party Pieces, a mail-order party-supply company, in 1987. Her first three grandchildren, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis, are second, third, and fourth in line to the British throne, respectively. The Middleton family resides at Bucklebury Manor, in Berkshire.
Thuppanadupuzha River
Thuppanadupuzha River is a river in India. It is one of the tributaries of the river Thuthapuzha. The Thuthapuzha is one of the main tributaries of the Bharathapuzha River, the second-longest river in Kerala, south India.

The Thuppanadupuzha originates from the Kalladikodan hills which is 1099 metres high and is a part of the Palakkad hills along the northern lip of the Palakkad Gap. Thuppanadupuzha joins the Thoothapuzha, which in turn empties into Bharathapuzha. Thuppanadupuzha runs close to Chenath nair reserve forest.

Bharathappuzha
The Bharathappuzha ("River of Bhārata"), also known as the Nila River, is a river in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. With a length of 209 km, it is the second longest river that flows through Kerala after the Periyar. It flows through the Palakkad Gap, which is also the largest opening in the Kerala portion of the Western Ghats. The Nila has groomed the culture and life of South Malabar part of Kerala. It is also referred to as  the "Peraar" in ancient scripts and documents. River Bharathapuzha is an interstate river and lifeline water source for a population residing in four administrative districts, namely Malappuram and Palakkad districts, and parts of Palakkad-Thrissur district border of Kerala and Coimbatore, and Tiruppur of Tamil Nadu. The fertile Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands lie on its bank.
TW Telecom
TW Telecom (styled tw telecom), was a business telecommunications company headquartered in Littleton, Colorado, United States. The company provided business voice services, transport, Internet, data services and wholesale fiber capacity.  It was an early leader in the deployment of Ethernet for metropolitan areas, dubbed Metro Ethernet.  The company was acquired by Level 3 Communications on November 1, 2014.  Exactly three years later, CenturyLink (now Lumen Technologies) acquired Level 3 Communications.

Level 3 Communications
Level 3 Communications, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications and Internet service provider company headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado. It ultimately became a part of CenturyLink (now Lumen Technologies), where Level 3 President and CEO Jeff Storey was installed as Chief Operating Officer, becoming CEO of CenturyLink one year later in a prearranged succession plan.

Level 3 operated a Tier 1 network. The company provided core transport, IP, voice, video, and content delivery for medium-to-large Internet carriers in North America, Latin America, Europe, and selected cities in Asia. Level 3 was also the largest competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) and the 3rd largest provider of fiber-optic internet access (based on coverage) in the United States.

On October 31, 2016, CenturyLink announced an agreement to acquire Level 3 Communications in a cash and stock transaction. Level 3 became part of CenturyLink on November 1, 2017.
Sylvain Luc
Sylvain Luc (7 April 1965 – 13 March 2024) was a French jazz guitarist.

Luc toured regularly but rarely appeared in high-profile jazz festivals. He was particularly attracted to duets, but was also seen in trios (his own, plus Trio Sud, and on tour in 2009 with Steve Gadd and Richard Bona) and rarely with larger groups. His best-known works are the two duet albums with Biréli Lagrène, with whom he toured many times.

Biréli Lagrène
Biréli Lagrène (born 4 September 1966) is a French jazz guitarist who came to prominence in the 1980s for his Django Reinhardt–influenced style. He often performs in swing, jazz fusion, and post-bop styles.
Idea Bank
Idea Bank Spółka Akcyjna (currently Bank Polska Kasa Opieki Spółka Akcyjna) (formerly GMAC Bank Polska SA) was a bank in Poland, which began operations in 1991 and was taken over by Bank Pekao SA on 3 January 2021 as a part of compulsory restructuring engineered by Poland's Bank Guarantee Fund. The bank's domain was the financial service of small business entities; micro, small and medium enterprises. Idea Bank was controlled by Getin Holding and Getin Noble Bank. Main shareholder was a Polish billionaire Leszek Czarnecki.

Bank Pekao
Bank Polska Kasa Opieki – Spółka Akcyjna, commonly using the shorter name Bank Pekao S.A., is a universal bank and currently the second largest bank in Poland with its headquarters in Warsaw. The Italian bank UniCredit used to own 59% of the company. It sold the bank in December 2016. Now Powszechny Zakład Ubezpieczeń owns 20% of the company, Polish Development Fund 12.80%, UniCredit 6.28%, and others 60.94%.

The bank was founded in 1929 by the Ministry of Treasury as a national bank, mainly to provide financial services to Poles living abroad. In 1939 the bank had branches in virtually every capital city of countries where Poles lived.

The full name "Polska Kasa Opieki" may be translated literally as "Polish Bank of Aid", and the popular form "Pekao" sounds out the acronym "PKO".
Rail transport modelling scales
Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many organizations and hobbyist groups. Some of the scales are recognized globally, while others are less widespread and, in many cases, virtually unknown outside their circle of origin. Scales may be expressed as a numeric ratio (e.g. 1/87 or 1:87) or as letters defined in rail transport modelling standards (e.g. G, O, S, OO, HO, TT, N, and Z.) The majority of commercial model railway equipment manufacturers base their offerings on Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen (NEM) or National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) standards in most popular scales.

Z scale
Z scale is one of the smallest commercially available model railway scales (1:220), with a track gauge of 6.5 mm / 0.256 in. Introduced by Märklin in 1972, Z scale trains operate on 0–10 volts DC and offer the same operating characteristics as all other two-rail, direct-current, analog model railways. Locomotives can be fitted with digital decoders for independent control.  Model trains, track, structures, and human/animal figures are readily available in European, North American, and Japanese styles from a variety of manufacturers.
Sunbeam Products
Sunbeam Products is an American company founded in 1897 that has produced electric home appliances under the Sunbeam name since 1910. Its products have included the Mixmaster mixer, the Sunbeam CG waffle iron, Coffeemaster (1938–1964) and the fully automatic T20 toaster.

The company has endured a long history of struggles, including in 2001, when it filed for bankruptcy and was also found to have committed massive accounting fraud, for which it was subject to SEC investigation. In 2002, Sunbeam emerged from bankruptcy as American Household, Inc. (AHI). Sunbeam was owned by Jarden Consumer Solutions after Jarden's acquisition in 2004, which was itself later purchased by Newell Rubbermaid (now Newell Brands) in 2015.

Newell Brands
Newell Brands Inc. is an American conglomerate of consumer and commercial products. The company's brands and products include Rubbermaid storage/or waste disposal containers; home organization and reusable container products; Contigo and Bubba water bottles; Coleman outdoor products; writing instruments (Berol, Expo Markers, Paper Mate, Dymo, Mr. Sketch, Parker Pens, Sharpie, Reynolds, Prismacolor, Rotring, X-acto, Waterman) glue (Elmer's, Krazy Glue); children's products (Aprica, NUK, Tigex, Babysun, Baby Jogger and Graco); cookware and small appliances (Calphalon, Sunbeam, Rival, Crock-Pot; Holmes, FoodSaver, Oster, Osterizer, and Mr. Coffee) and fragrance products (Yankee Candle, Chesapeake Bay Candle, Millefiori Milano, and WoodWick).

The company's global headquarters is in Atlanta.
Clevedon, New Zealand
Clevedon (Māori: Te Wairoa), previously known as Wairoa South, is a rural town to the south-east of Auckland, New Zealand, in the local government area of Franklin. The area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who settled around the Wairoa River. The original township was founded in the 1850s, and was named Clevedon in 1866. Over time, it has developed into a centre for the dairy industry south-east of Auckland.

Several popular beaches are close to Clevedon, including Umupuia Beach and Kawakawa Bay. The Duder Regional Park is between these two beaches.

Duders Beach
Duders Beach, also known as Umupuia Beach, is located in the Auckland Region of New Zealand, to the east of Maraetai on the North Road from Clevedon. Duder Regional Park is on the headland immediately to the east.

The land was purchased in 1866 from the original Maori owners Ngāi Tai by Thomas Duder.  Today the beach is divided between the "public beach" and a private beach owned above the high tide mark by his descendants.

Duders Beach has traditionally been a good source of seafood, notably shellfish, but stocks have been depleted in recent times.
Mary Speer
Mary Tom Reid (née Speer; June 13, 1925 – September 16, 2014) was an American southern gospel singer who sang with the well-known Speer Family Gospel Choir from the 1920s until her official retirement in 1954 and again from the 1980s until the group's official retirement in 1997. She also sang with the Gaither Homecoming Series from 1995 until her death.

Speer Family
The Speer Family was a Southern gospel family musical group. It was founded in 1921 by George Thomas ("Dad") Speer (1891–1966), his wife, Lena Darling ("Mom") Speer (née Brock; 1899–1967), and his sister and brother-in-law, Pearl Claborn (1902–1979) and Logan Claborn (William Logan Claborn; 1896–1981). Harold Lane was also a member of this group.
Ranikhet
Ranikhet (Kumaoni: Rānikhèt) is a hill station and cantonment town, near Almora Town in Almora district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is the home of the Military Hospital, Kumaon Regiment (KRC) and  Naga Regiment and is maintained by the Indian Army.

Ranikhet is at an altitude of 1,869 metres (6,132 ft) above sea level, within sight of the western peaks of the Himalayas. Ranikhet is a Class IV town with a civic status of a Cantonment board.

Almora
Almora (Hindi: Almāḍ) is a municipal corporation and a cantonment town in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Almora district. Almora is located on a ridge at the southern edge of the Kumaon Hills of the Himalaya range. The Koshi (Kaushiki) and Suyal (Salmale) rivers flow along the city and snow-capped Himalayas can be seen in the background.

Almora was founded in 1568. by King Kalyan Chand; however, there are accounts of human settlements in the hills and surrounding region in the Hindu epic Mahabharata (8th and 9th century BCE). Almora was the seat of Chand kings that ruled over the Kumaon Kingdom. It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand.

According to the provisional results of the 2011 Census of India, Almora had a population of about 179,000. Nestled within higher peaks of the Himalaya, Almora enjoys a year-round mild temperate climate. There are 11 blocks in Almora district.
Cox Green, Berkshire
Cox Green is a civil parish in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. It is a large suburb of Maidenhead with most of its housing lying west of the A404(M) Maidenhead bypass and south of the A4 road. The remainder of this area is rural. The parish has an urban boundary with Woodlands Park to the southwest, and a rural boundary with White Waltham parish to the west.

Maidenhead
Maidenhead is a market town in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England. It lies on the southwestern bank of the River Thames, which at this point forms the border with Buckinghamshire. In the 2021 Census, the Maidenhead built-up area had a population of 67,375. The town is 27 miles (43 km) west of Charing Cross, London and 13 miles (21 km) east-northeast of Reading.
Lubya
Lubya (Arabic: لوبيا "bean"), sometimes referred to as Lubia, Lubieh and Loubieh, was a Palestinian Arab town located ten kilometers west of Tiberias that was captured, ethnically cleansed, and destroyed by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War where its residents were forcefully evacuated and became refugees. Nearby villages included Nimrin to the north, Hittin to the northwest, and al-Shajara to the south; Each of those villages were also ethnically cleansed.

Lubya had a total land area of 39,629 dunams (3,963ha), of which 83% was Palestinian-owned and the remainder public property. Most of its cultivable land was planted with cereals while only 1,500 dunams (150 ha) were planted with olive groves. The village's built-up area was 210 dunams (21 ha).

Al-Shajara, Palestine
Al-Shajara (Arabic: الشجرة) was a Palestinian Arab village depopulated by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War when its residents were forcefully evacuated and became refugees. It was located 14 kilometers west of Tiberias on the main highway to Nazareth  near the villages of Lubya and Hittin. The village was very close to the city of Nazareth, about 5 kilometers away.

The village was the fourth largest by area in Tiberias district. Its economy was based on agriculture. In 1944/45 it had 2,102 dunams (505 acres) planted with cereals and 544 dunams (136 acres) either irrigated or fig and olive orchards.

Al-Shajara was the home village of the cartoonist Naji al-Ali.
Koniocellular cell
In neuroscience, koniocellular cells, also called K-cells, are relatively small neurons located in the koniocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) within the thalamus of primates, including humans. The term 'koniocellular' is derived from Greek  konio 'dust, poison'.

Koniocellular layers are located ventral to each parvocellular and magnocellular layer of the LGN. Even if the quantity of neurons is approximately equal to the number of magnocellular cells, the koniocellular layers are much thinner due to their size. In comparison to the parvocellular and magnocellular system, fewer studies have been conducted to investigate the koniocellular system. Koniocellular cells are a heterogeneous population differing in many aspects, such as response properties and connectivity.
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Magnocellular cell
Magnocellular cells, also called M-cells, are neurons located within the magnocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.  The cells are part of the visual system.  They are termed "magnocellular" since they are characterized by their relatively large size compared to parvocellular cells.
Auberge d'Auvergne
The Auberge d'Auvergne (Maltese: Berġa ta' Alvernja) was an auberge in Valletta, Malta. It was built in the 16th century to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of Auvergne. It became a courthouse in the 19th century, and it remained so until it was destroyed by aerial bombardment in 1941. The site is now occupied by the Courts of Justice building, which was constructed in the 1960s.

Courts of Justice building (Valletta)
The Courts of Justice building is a courthouse located in Republic Street, Valletta, Malta. It was built in the neoclassical style between 1965 and 1971 on the site of Auberge d'Auvergne, which had been destroyed by aerial bombardment during World War II.