hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Nenets
The Nenets (Nenets: ненэй ненэче, romanized: nenəj nenəče; Russian: ненцы, romanized: nentsy), in the past also called 'Samoyeds' or 'Yuraks', are a Samoyedic ethnic group native to the Russian Arctic, in the Russian Far North. According to the latest census in 2021, there were 49,646 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District stretching along the coastline of the Arctic Ocean near the Arctic Circle between Kola and Taymyr peninsulas. The Nenets people speak either the Tundra or Forest Nenets languages. In the Russian Federation they have a status of Indigenous small-numbered peoples. Today, the Nenets people face numerous challenges from the state and oil and gas companies that threaten the environment and their way of life. As a result, many cite a rise in locally based activism.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russian: Не́нецкий автоно́мный о́круг; Nenets: Ненэцие" автономной округ’, romanized: Nyeneciye” awtonomnoy okruk’) also known as Nenetsia (Russian: Нене́ция [nʲɪˈnʲet͡sɨjə]) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Naryan-Mar. It has an area of 176,700 square kilometers (68,200 sq mi) and a population of 42,090 as of the 2010 Census, making it the least populous federal subject. It is the only federal subject of Russia that is divided into only one district.

A plan to merge the autonomous okrug with Arkhangelsk Oblast was presented by the governors of both federal subjects on 13 May 2020, with a referendum planned for September, but was met with opposition by locals,
leading to the merger process being scrapped completely.
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party
The Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party (Polish: Organizacja Bojowa Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej, abbreviated OBPPS) was a Polish guerrilla resistance movement established in 1904 by Józef Piłsudski. It functioned as the paramilitary wing of the Polish Socialist Party.

The organization was most active between 1904 and 1908, growing to over 2,000 members, including more than 700 paramilitary fighters, and carrying out over 2,500 operations. At its peak, it boasted a membership of more than 5,000. Its primary objective was to mount an armed resistance movement against Imperial Russian rule in partitioned Poland. The group gradually declined and was dissolved in 1911.

Among its most notable actions were the Bloody Wednesday of 15 August 1906; the failed assassination attempt on Warsaw’s Governor-General, Georgi Skalon, on 18 August 1906; and the Bezdany raid, a large-scale train robbery on 26 September 1908.

Bloody Wednesday (Poland)
Bloody Wednesday (Polish: Krwawa środa) refers to the events of 15 August 1906 in the (Congress) Kingdom of Poland, where the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party (OB PPS) carried out a series of attacks on Russians, primarily police officers and informants. This took place in the context of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907), and represented one of the biggest actions in the history of OB PPS.
Ron Roker
Ronald Ernest Alfred Roker (born 23 January 1941) is an English songwriter, singer and record producer.

Roker has written UK chart hits for Jackie Lee, The Fortunes, Barry Blue, Tina Charles, Polly Brown, The Pearls, The Real Thing and Sweet Dreams.

Barry Blue
Barry Blue (born Barry Ian Green; 4 December 1950) is an English singer, producer, and songwriter.  As an artist, he is best known for his hit songs "Dancin' (on a Saturday Night)" and "Do You Wanna Dance" (both 1973).

Blue has also been a prolific songwriter and producer for many artists and has had over forty worldwide hits, including those by Andrea Bocelli, Diana Ross, Celine Dion, The Saturdays, The Wanted, and Pixie Lott.  In film and television, Blue has provided soundtracks and/or themes for productions including Eyes of Laura Mars, The Long Good Friday, and Escape to Athena.
Waitomo
Waitomo, officially Waitomo Caves, is a rural community in the King Country region of New Zealand's North Island. There are several solutional cave systems in the area around the village, which are popular tourist attractions. Restaurants and accommodation are centred in the village to serve visiting tourists.

The word Waitomo comes from the Māori language: wai meaning water and tomo meaning a doline or sinkhole; it can thus be translated to be "water passing through a hole". The caves are formed in Oligocene limestone.

The historic Waitomo Caves Hotel is located in Waitomo Caves village.

Waitomo Caves Hotel
Waitomo Caves Hotel (originally called Waitomo House and later Government Hostel at Waitomo) is a historic hotel built in 1909 that is located in Waitomo District, King Country above Waitomo Caves in New Zealand. The hotel initially had only six bedrooms, and was later expanded in 1927–1928 with the addition of 24 more rooms, along with a new kitchen and dining room. The building is famous for its unique style of New Zealand Victorian. Some claim that the hotel is haunted.
New Midleton Distillery
New Midleton Distillery is situated in Midleton, County Cork, Ireland. Established in 1975 and owned by Irish Distillers, a subsidiary of Pernod Ricard. Located alongside is the Old Midleton Distillery, which was established in the early 17th century and now operates as a visitor centre known as the Jameson Experience.

Irish Distillers
Irish Distillers is a subsidiary of the French drinks conglomerate Pernod Ricard. It is the largest distiller of Irish whiskey, distilling popular brands such as Jameson and Powers, in addition to premium whiskeys such as Redbreast and Midleton Very Rare. In addition to whiskey, Irish Distillers also produces a number of other spirit products such as gin and vodka.
Praslin Quarter
Praslin Quarter was a former quarter  on the island nation of Saint Lucia.  Since at least 2001, it has been a second-order subdivision of the Micoud District. The 2001 and 2010 Census show Praslin as part of the Micoud District.  The population of Praslin is 341.

Districts of Saint Lucia
The island nation of Saint Lucia is divided into 10 districts (formerly called Quarters).  The name Quarters or Quartiers originally came from the French period in Saint Lucia (Sainte Lucie in French).  The 2001 and 2010 Census of Saint Lucia refers to the first level administrative divisions as districts.  The FIPS and ISO standards regularly called these divisions quarters or quartiers in French.  The former district of Dauphin Quarter was merged into Gros Islet District and the former district of Praslin Quarter was merged into Micoud District.
Joe Hahn
Joseph Hahn (born March 15, 1977) is an American musician, DJ, director, and visual artist best known as the DJ and creative director of the rock band Linkin Park, doing the scratching, turntables, sampling, and programming for all eight of Linkin Park's albums. Hahn and bandmate Mike Shinoda are responsible for most of Linkin Park's album artwork. Hahn also directed many of the band's music videos.

Mike Shinoda
Michael Kenji Shinoda (/ʃəˈnoʊdə/ shə-NOH-də; born February 11, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and graphic designer. He co-founded the rock band Linkin Park in 1996 as the band's co-lead vocalist, as well as rhythm guitarist, keyboardist, primary songwriter and producer. He also created the hip-hop-driven side project, Fort Minor, in 2004. He has also served as a producer for tracks and albums by artists such as Lupe Fiasco, Styles of Beyond, and the X-Ecutioners.

Shinoda is also the co-founder of Machine Shop Records, a California-based record label. Outside of music, Shinoda is an artist and graphic designer. He has painted several pieces of artwork, some of which have been featured in the Japanese American National Museum. In 2018, Shinoda released his debut solo album Post Traumatic, which consists of 18 songs about his feelings following the death of Chester Bennington, his Linkin Park bandmate.
Paul Gleghorne
Paul Gleghorne (born 11 April 1987) is an Ireland men's field hockey international. He was a member of the Ireland team that won the bronze medal at the 2015 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship.  He also represented Ireland at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2018 Men's Hockey World Cup. At club level, he has won the Men's Irish Hockey League with Lisnagarvey. Gleghorne comes from a family of field hockey internationals. His older brother, Mark, has played for Ireland, England and Great Britain. Two of his aunts, Margaret Gleghorne and Jackie McWilliams, were also Ireland and Great Britain women's internationals.

Mark Gleghorne
Mark Gleghorne (born 19 May 1985) is a field hockey player from Northern Ireland who has represented Ireland, England and Great Britain at international level. He represented Great Britain at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Gleghorne was a member of the England teams that won the bronze medals at the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games and at the 2017 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship. He also represented England at the 2014 and 2018 Men's Hockey World Cups. At club level, Gleghorne was a member of the Instonians team that won the Irish Senior Cup in both 2002 and 2004. He was also a member of the Punjab Warriors team that won the 2016 Hockey India League title.
Jefferson County Library Cooperative
The Jefferson County Library Cooperative (JCLC) is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt educational consortium of public libraries in Jefferson County, Alabama. The JCLC administrative office is located at the Birmingham Public Central Library. The member libraries within the cooperative are autonomous, with each one maintaining its own board, director and budget.

Birmingham Public Library
The Birmingham Public Library is one of the largest library systems in the southeastern United States. It consists of 19 branches, with a main or central library located in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. The main library is composed of two buildings, the East Building and the Linn-Henley Research Library containing the Tutwiler Collection of Southern History, and the Rucker Agee Map Collection.
Conformal connection
In conformal differential geometry, a conformal connection is a Cartan connection on an n-dimensional manifold M arising as a deformation of the Klein geometry given by the celestial n-sphere, viewed as the homogeneous space

O+(n+1,1)/P

where P is the stabilizer of a fixed null line through the origin in Rn+2, in the orthochronous Lorentz group O+(n+1,1) in n+2 dimensions.

Conformal geometry
In mathematics, conformal geometry is the study of the set of angle-preserving (conformal) transformations on a space.

In a real two dimensional space, conformal geometry is precisely the geometry of Riemann surfaces. In space higher than two dimensions, conformal geometry may refer either to the study of conformal transformations of what are called "flat spaces" (such as Euclidean spaces or spheres), or to the study of conformal manifolds that are Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with a class of metrics that are defined up to scale. Study of the flat structures is sometimes termed Möbius geometry, and is a type of Klein geometry.
Piri piri
Piri piri (/ˌpɪri ˈpɪri/ PIRR-ee-PIRR-ee), often hyphenated or as one word, and with variant spellings peri-peri (/ˌpɛriˈpɛriː/) or pili pili, is a cultivar of Capsicum frutescens  from the malagueta pepper. It was originally produced by Portuguese explorers in Portugal's former Southern African territories and then spread to other Portuguese domains.

Malagueta pepper
Malagueta pepper (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐlɐˈɡetɐ]), a variety of Capsicum frutescens, is a type of chili pepper widely used in the Portuguese-speaking world (Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe) and the Caribbean. It got its name from the unrelated melegueta pepper, an African spice from Guinea which is a member of the ginger family.

The malagueta pepper is a small, tapered chili that grows to about 5 cm (2 in) in length. It has a range of 60,000 to 100,000 Scoville units.
Kentucky Route 79
Kentucky Route 79 (KY 79) is a 102-mile-long (164 km) north–south state highway that traverses five counties in west-central Kentucky. It can be seen as an extension of U.S. Route 79 (US 79), as they have the same number and once intersected; KY 79 begins in the same city that US 79 ends, and both travel on a northeast–southwest diagonal path.

U.S. Route 79 in Kentucky
U.S. Route 79 (US 79) enters Kentucky from Tennessee in Todd County west of Guthrie and runs northeast into Logan County, terminating at a junction with US 68, US 68 Business, and Kentucky Route 80 (KY 80) in Russellville. US 79 remains a two-lane road throughout Kentucky.
Nisg̱aʼa Museum
The Nisg̱aʼa Museum (Nisga'a: Hli G̱oothl Wilp-Adoḵshl Nisg̱aʼa) is a museum of the Nisg̱aʼa people, located in Lax̱g̱altsʼap, a village in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The Nisg̱aʼa name means "the heart of Nisg̱aʼa House crests," a name that celebrates the role of tribal crests in Nisg̱aʼa society. The museum is a project of the Nisg̱aʼa Lisims Government and opened in the spring of 2011. It is a place for display of Nisg̱aʼa artifacts, sharing traditions and ideas, and a centre for research and learning. The museum's collection of Nisg̱aʼa culture is "one of the preeminent collections of Northwest Coast aboriginal art" The museum's website states: "This is our gift to each other, our fellow Canadians and the world."

Nisga'a
The Nisga’a (English: /ˈnɪsɡɑː/; Nisga'a: Nisg̱a’a [nisqaʔa]), formerly spelled Nishga or Niska, are an Indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada. They reside in the Nass River valley of northwestern British Columbia. The origin of the term Niska is uncertain. The spelling Nishga is used by the Nishga Tribal Council, and some scholars claim that the term means 'people of the Nass River'. The name is a reduced form of [naːsqaʔ], which is a loan word from Tongass Tlingit, where it means 'people of the Nass River'.

The official languages of Nisg̱a’a are the Nisg̱a’a language and English.
The Aims of the Philosophers
Maqasid al Falasifa (Arabic: مقاصد الفلاسفة), or The Aims of the Philosophers was written by Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazali. Influenced by Avicenna's works, he wrote this book presenting the basic theories of philosophy. In this book, he explained in detail about what philosophy is and described basic entities like judgement, concept, premise and logic.

Ghazali stated that one must be well versed in the ideas of the philosophers before setting out to refute their ideas. He also stated that he did not find other branches of philosophy including physics, logic, astronomy or mathematics problematic. After writing Maqasid al Falasifa, he wrote another book Tahāfut al-Falāsifa, criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy.

The Incoherence of the Philosophers
The Incoherence of the Philosophers (Arabic: تهافت الفلاسفة, romanized: Tahāfut al-Falāsifa) is a landmark 11th-century work by the Muslim polymath al-Ghazali and a student of the Asharite school of Islamic theology criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy. Muslim philosophers such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and al-Farabi (Alpharabius) are denounced in this book, as they follow Greek philosophy even when, in the author's perception, it contradicts Islam. The text was dramatically successful, and marked a milestone in the ascendance of the Asharite school within Islamic philosophy and theological discourse.

The book favors faith over philosophy in matters specifically concerning metaphysics or knowledge of the divine.
Carpenter 1 Fire
The Carpenter 1 Fire was a large wildfire on Mount Charleston, 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. The fire began on July 1, 2013, near Pahrump, Nevada, before spreading eastward. Carpenter 1 was seen for miles across the Las Vegas metropolitan area, and was the largest fire to occur on Mount Charleston in decades.

Mount Charleston
Mount Charleston, including Charleston Peak (Nuvagantu, literally "where snow sits", in Southern Paiute or Nüpakatütün in Shoshoni) at 11,916 feet (3,632 m), is the highest mountain in both the Spring Mountains and Clark County, in Nevada, United States. It is the eighth-highest mountain in the state. Well separated from higher peaks by large, low basins, Charleston Peak is the most topographically prominent peak in Nevada, and the eighth-most-prominent peak in the contiguous United States. It is one of eight ultra-prominent peaks in Nevada. It is located about 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Las Vegas within the Mount Charleston Wilderness, which is within the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area of the Humboldt–Toiyabe National Forest.
KVSC
KVSC (88.1 FM) is a non-commercial educational college radio station in St. Cloud, Minnesota. Operated by St. Cloud State University (SCSU), KVSC is staffed by a combination of student employees and community volunteers. The station broadcasts an eclectic range of music, with an emphasis on modern alternative and indie rock. KVSC is well known for its annual 50-hour trivia competition and is a charter member of AMPERS (The Association of Minnesota Public and Educational Radio Stations).

St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud State University (SCSU) is a public university in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1869, the university is one of the largest institutions in the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. In the fall of 2023, it enrolled 8,430 undergraduate and 2,084 graduate students.
Qello
Qello Concerts  (also known as Qello, Stingray Qello) is an American-based entertainment company founded in 2010, in New York, by Brian Lisi, Bob Frank, and Richard Johnson. Qello is the parent company of digital streaming service Qello Concerts, and over-the-top content service provider Qello Media Solutions.  Qello Concerts is a digital streaming music service specializing in on-demand concert films and music documentaries. In 2016, Qello Concerts added live streaming events and original programming. It was acquired by Stingray Group in January 2018.

Stingray Group
Stingray Group Inc. (formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group) is a Canadian music, media and technology company based in Montreal, Quebec, with offices in Toronto, Ontario, as well as in the United States, Mexico, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany  and Australia. The company was established in 2007 by Eric Boyko and owned by Boyko Investements Corporation.

The company is primarily involved in digital audio services targeting consumer and business-to-business markets, including internet radio, over-the-top and music television channels, DTV radio, and business audio and advertising services. Through its Stingray Radio division (the former Newcap Broadcasting), it is the largest owner of terrestrial radio stations in Canada.
North Acton tube station
North Acton is a London Underground station in North Acton, West London in the London Borough of Ealing. It is on the Central line, between Hanger Lane (on the West Ruislip branch) or West Acton (on the Ealing Broadway branch) and East Acton stations. The station is on the boundary of London fare zone 2 and zone 3.

Hanger Lane tube station
Hanger Lane (/ˈhæŋər ˈleɪn/) is a London Underground station in Hanger Hill, Ealing. It is located on the border between west and north-west London. The station is on the West Ruislip branch of the Central line, between Perivale and North Acton stations. It is in London fare zone 3.

Hanger Lane is within walking distance from Park Royal tube station on the Piccadilly line. The two lines cross a little east of the station.
Peruvian Republic (1838–1839)
The Peruvian Republic was a state that seceded from the Peru–Bolivian Confederation in 1838 under the leadership of General Luis Orbegoso.

Its territory comprised the totality of North Peru, which by a majority of votes proclaimed itself independent of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation. This was not accepted by the Confederation, however, and both countries went to war during the War of the Confederation. After Orbegoso and Santa Cruz reached an agreement, the country ceased to exist as a sovereign state on October 20, 1838 and instead became an autonomous republic within the confederation until its defeat by Agustín Gamarra and his United Restoration Army in 1839.

Republic of North Peru
The Republic of North Peru was one of the three constituent republics of the short-lived Peru–Bolivian Confederation of 1836–1839.

North Peru was one of two states—the other being South Peru—that arose from the division of the Peruvian Republic due to the civil wars of 1834 and 1835 to 1836. The states were founded in 1836 to be constituent Republics of the planned Peru-Bolivian Confederation, alongside Bolivia.

The Confederation came to an end three years later after continuous border wars with Argentina and Chile in the War of the Confederation, and after a chaotic civil conflict between north and south Peruvians. In August of 1839, Agustín Gamarra declared the Confederation dissolved; as a result, South Peru and North Peru reverted to being a unified Republic of Peru.
Shijō-Ōmiya Station
Shijō-Ōmiya Station (四条大宮駅, Shijō-Ōmiya-eki) is a tram stop in Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto, Japan. The station is the eastern terminus of the Randen Arashiyama Line, which continues west through Ukyo-ku, and terminates at Arashiyama.

Arashiyama Station (Keifuku)
Arashiyama Station (嵐山駅, Arashiyama-eki) is a tram stop in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, and the western terminus of the Randen Arashiyama Line that begins at Shijō-Ōmiya. The station includes a small shopping arcade, outdoor eating areas, a foot bath, a garden featuring cherry and maple trees, as well as the "Kimono Forest," a collection of 600 kimono gowns wrapped around poles with LED lighting inside developed by the interior designer Yasumichi Morita.
Hummay
Hummay was mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire in the late 11th century, ruling approximately 1085–1097. Later tradition records Hummay as the founder of the Sayfawa dynasty, which went on to rule the empire for over seven centuries. Hummay is sometimes erroneously referred to as the first Muslim ruler of the empire, a distinction that belongs to the earlier mai Hu. The nature of Hummay's rise to the throne and the fall of the preceding Duguwa dynasty is unclear since most sources identify the last Duguwa mai, Selema I, as Hummay's father.

Selema I
Selema I (Sǝlǝma), also recorded as Abd al-Jalil (ʿAbd al-Jalīl) and Abdullah (ʿAbdallāh), was the legendary eleventh mai (ruler) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, ruling in the 11th century. Selema is identified in the sources as the last mai of Kanem's original royal line, the Duguwa dynasty. The nature of Selema's relation to his successor Hummay, and Hummay's rise to the throne, are unclear.