hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Retinal migraine
Retinal migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye. It is caused by ischaemia or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye.

The terms "retinal migraine" and "ocular migraine" are often confused with "visual migraine", which is a far-more-common symptom of vision loss, resulting from the aura phase of migraine with aura. The aura phase of migraine can occur with or without a headache. Ocular or retinal migraines happen in the eye, so only affect the vision in that eye, while visual migraines occur in the brain, so affect the vision in both eyes together. Visual migraines result from cortical spreading depression and are also commonly termed scintillating scotoma.

Scintillating scotoma
Scintillating scotoma is a visual aura that was first described by 19th-century physician Hubert Airy (1838–1903). Originating from the brain, it may precede a migraine headache, but can also occur acephalgically (without headache), also known as visual migraine or migraine aura. It is often confused with retinal migraine, which originates in the eyeball or socket.
Church of Our Lady of Protection (São Cristóvão)
The Church of Our Lady of Protection (Portuguese: Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Amparo) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. It is located the cidade alta, or upper city, of the town in close proximity to the Carmelite complex of the First Order Church and Convent of Mount Carmel and the Third Order of Mount Carmel. The church is dedicated to Our Lady of Protection and is the property of the Archdiocese of Aracaju. In the rigidly socially stratified society of colonial Brazil the churches of Our Lady of Protection were built by and for people of mixed race. The church is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of São Francisco Square; it was separately listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1962.

Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel (São Cristóvão)
The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel (Portuguese: Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. Along with the First Order Church and Convent of Mount Carmel, it forms a large-scale religious complex at the south of the cidade alta, or upper city, of the town. The Third Order church was completed in 1739 after the First Order Church and Monastery; the two form a harmonious whole. The Carmlite complex is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of São Francisco Square; it was separatedly listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1941.
Konoe Hisatsugu
Konoe Hisatsugu (近衛 尚嗣; 1622 – 1653), son of regent Nobuhiro, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position kampaku from 1651 to 1653.

There are no records of his mother. His sister was the consort of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the daimyō of Mito Domain. As a son of Nobuhiro, he was the grandson of Emperor Go-Yōzei. His consort was Second Princess (Onna-ni-no-miya), the third daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, thus a cousin of Hisatsugu. With her he had a daughter who was the consort of Fushimi-no-miya Prince Sadayuki (伏見宮貞致親王). With a servant he had a son, Motohiro.

Konoe Motohiro
Konoe Motohiro (近衛 基熈; 28 April 1648 – 13 October 1722), Tajimaru  (多治丸) in his childhood, was a kugyō or Japanese court noble of the Edo period (1603–1868). He held a regent position kampaku from 1690 to 1703.
Motohiro was also a great-grandson of Emperor Go-Yozei through a junior line.
Icarops
Icarops is an extinct, possibly paraphyletic genus of mystacine bat with three described species. The genus is known from fossils found at Riversleigh, north-western Queensland, Bullock Creek, Northern Territory,  and Lake Ngapakaldi to Lake Palankarinna Fossil Area South Australia Australia. The fossils date from the late Oligocene to early Miocene.

The name was derived from a figure of Greek mythology, Icarus, who the authors noted, "flew towards the sun, in reference to the ancient mystacinid that flew eastwards from Australia to New Zealand".

A study describing the genus Vulcanops renders Icarops paraphyletic towards the rest of Mystacinidae, with I. paradox being closer to New Zealand mystacines than to other Australian mystacines, which form an independent clade.

The described species are

Icarops

Icarops aenae
Icarops breviceps
Icarops paradox

Mystacinidae
Mystacinidae is a family of unusual bats, the New Zealand short-tailed bats. There is one living genus, Mystacina, with two species, one of which could have possibly become extinct in the 1960s. They are medium-sized bats, about 6 centimetres (2.4 in) in length, with grey, velvety fur.
2023 Selby and Ainsty by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Selby and Ainsty was held on 20 July 2023, following resignation of incumbent Conservative Party member of Parliament (MP) Nigel Adams. Keir Mather of the Labour Party won the seat, setting a record for the largest majority ever overturned by the party in a by-election at the time.

The 2023 Somerton and Frome by-election and 2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election were held on the same day; the Labour candidate in the later failed to win in the seat despite it being much more marginal than Selby and Ainsty.

At the time, this was the second-largest swing to Labour in a by-election since 1945—behind only Dudley West in 1994—but it was then exceeded in the 2023 Tamworth by-election held in the following October and now stands as the third-largest; the 2023 Mid Bedfordshire by-election held the same day would also see Labour overturn a larger majority than in Selby.

2023 Uxbridge and South Ruislip by-election
A by-election for the United Kingdom parliamentary constituency of Uxbridge and South Ruislip was held on 20 July 2023, following the resignation of former Prime Minister Boris Johnson as its member of Parliament (MP) on 12 June. The Conservative Party's candidate, Steve Tuckwell, narrowly held the seat with a reduced majority of 495 votes.

The result was considered an upset, as Labour had targeted the seat heavily; a large backlash against Johnson was expected in the constituency in the wake of the Partygate affair. Tuckwell attributed his victory to the unpopularity of London's Ultra Low Emission Zone scheme and its proposed expansion into the Borough of Hillingdon.
Macomb County, Michigan
Macomb County (/məˈkoʊm/ mə-KOHM) is a county on the eastern shore of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is part of the Detroit metropolitan area, bordering Detroit to the north and containing many of its northern suburbs. Its seat of government is Mt. Clemens, and its largest community is Warren.  As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 881,217, making it the third-most populous county in the state, behind neighboring Wayne and Oakland. Macomb County contains 27 cities, townships and villages, including three of the ten most-populous municipalities in Michigan. Most of this population is concentrated south of Hall Road (M-59), one of the county's main thoroughfares.

Wayne County, Michigan
Wayne County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the United States census placed its population at 1,793,561, making it the 19th-most populous county in the United States. The county seat is Detroit. The county was founded in 1796 and organized in 1815. Wayne County is included in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is one of several U.S. counties named after Revolutionary War-era general Anthony Wayne.
GWR 3300 Class
The Bulldog and Bird classes were double-framed inside cylinder 4-4-0 steam locomotives used for passenger services on the Great Western Railway. The Bird Class were a development of the Bulldogs with strengthened outside frames, of which a total of fifteen were built. A total of 121 Bulldogs were built new, with a further twenty rebuilt from Duke Class locomotives. Thirty Bulldogs were later rebuilt as Earl Class locomotives and renumbered 3265 (prototype conversion), 3200-3228.

GWR 3200 Class
The Great Western Railway 3200 Class (or 'Earl' Class) was a design of 4-4-0 steam locomotive for passenger train work. The nickname for this class, almost universally used at the time these engines were in service, was Dukedog since the locomotives were composed of former Duke Class boilers on Bulldog Class frames. As such they were one of the last standard gauge steam locomotive classes to retain outside frames.
Dynacom MX1600
The MX-1600 was an 8-bit home computer produced in Brazil by the company Dynacom in 1985. It was one of the many clone machines based on the TRS-80 Color Computer introduced during the Brazilian "Market Reserve", like the Codimex CD-6809 or Prológica CP 400 COLOR.

Prológica CP-400
The CP 400 COLOR was launched in 1984 by Prológica, a Brazilian company which made clone versions of various computers, under the general designation of "CP" (for "Computador Pessoal" in Portuguese, "Personal Computer" in English).

This machine was TRS-80 Color Computer 2 clone, but had a different case than the original machine. The computer was 100% compatible with the original TRS-80 Color Computer 2, and was designed to work with the PAL-M TV standard used in Brazil.
Arkansas Highway 43
Arkansas Highway 43 (AR 43) is a designation for three state highways in Arkansas, United States. One segment runs from Highway 264 in Siloam Springs north to the Missouri state line. A second segment of 29.5 miles (47.5 km) runs from Highway 21 at Boxley north to Highway 7 in Harrison. A third segment runs 1.8 miles (2.9 km) in Harrison from U.S. Route 65 (US 65) east to Highway 7.

Arkansas Highway 21
Arkansas Highway 21 (AR 21) is a north–south state highway in north central Arkansas, in the United States. The route runs 99.14 miles (159.55 km) from U.S. Route 64 (US 64) in Clarksville north across US 62 to the Missouri state line. The route is a two-lane highway with the exception of a brief concurrency with US 62, a four-lane highway, in Berryville.
Audi S2
The Audi S2 is an Audi sports car, manufactured by the division of quattro GmbH (now Audi Sport GmbH) on the same platform as the Audi 80 (B4) in Neckarsulm, Germany, produced from 1991 to 1995. The Audi S2 is the first car in the Audi S series. In 1994, a more powerful Audi RS 2 Avant was released.

Audi RS 2 Avant
The Audi RS 2 Avant is a high-performance version of the Audi 80 Avant estate car, manufactured from March 1994 to July 1995. Collaboratively designed as a joint venture between Audi and Porsche and based on Audi's B4/8C platform, it received the internal designation of P1. It featured the most powerful version of Audi's inline-five cylinder turbocharged engine. It represents Audi's first "RS" model, and the first of their high-performance Avants.

The RS 2 Avant is a limited-edition model that was not widely exported outside of Europe, except in limited quanties to Hong Kong, South Africa, Brazil, and New Zealand. However, the RS 2 has amassed a cult following worldwide including Canada and the United States where the RS 2 was not officially imported due to certification costs and weak brand performance in the early 1990s. RS 2s have now been imported to Canada and USA as both allow non-conforming vehicles to be imported once they reach the age of 15 and 25 years respectively.
Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4 is an 8.4-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the ultra high-end "S" line of the cross between the Samsung Galaxy Tab and Samsung Galaxy S series, which also includes a 10.5-inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5. It was announced on 12 June 2014, and subsequently released on 2 July 2014. It is available in Wi-Fi only and both Wi-Fi and 4G variants. This is Samsung's second 8.4-inch tablet which is aimed to be a direct competitor against the LG G Pad 8.3 and the iPad Mini 2.

Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5
The Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5 is a 10.5-inch Android-based tablet computer produced and marketed by Samsung Electronics. It belongs to the ultra high-end "S" line of the cross between the Samsung Galaxy Tab and Samsung Galaxy S series, which also includes an 8.4-inch model, the Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4. It was announced on 12 June 2014, and was released in July 2014. This is Samsung's first 10.5-inch tablet which is aimed to be a direct competitor against the iPad Air.
Jorge Martín
Jorge Martín Almoguera (born 29 January 1998), nicknamed Martinator, is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle racer, who rides for Aprilia Racing. He won the 2024 MotoGP World Championship with Prima Pramac Racing, becoming the first independent team rider to win the premier class title in the MotoGP era.

After winning the 2014 Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup, Martín moved to the Moto3 class the following year, winning the title in 2018 with Gresini Racing. He spent two years in Moto2 before moving to the premier class with Prima Pramac Racing in 2021. Martin won the Styrian Grand Prix during his first season in MotoGP, ending his rookie year with four pole positions. He finished runner-up to Francesco Bagnaia in the World Riders' Championship in 2023, but won the MotoGP title the following year.

Francesco Bagnaia
Francesco "Pecco" Bagnaia (/bəˈnjaɪə/ bə-NY-EYE-ə; born 14 January 1997) is an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer competing in MotoGP for the Ducati Lenovo Team. He is the 2022 and 2023 MotoGP World Riders' Champion.

Bagnaia was the 2018 Moto2 World Champion. He is the first and only rider from Valentino Rossi's VR46 Riders Academy to win a world title in the premier class. His 2022 title was also the first Ducati rider World Championship in 15 years and the first for an Italian rider since Rossi in 2009.
Pyinmana District
Pyinmana District (Burmese: ပျဉ်းမနားခရိုင်) is a district of the Naypyidaw Union Territory and is home to central Naypyidaw, the capital of Myanmar. The modern district was reformed in 2022, splitting off from Dekkhina District and consists of two townships- Zabuthiri Township and Pyinmana Township.

The district was initially a part of Mandalay Division, Myanmar. It was renamed as Naypyidaw District by the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar. In 2011, it was separated from Mandalay Region and organized under as part of the Naypyidaw Union Territory. In 2013, Naypyidaw district was divided into two districts, Dekkhina and Ottara.

Dekkhina District
Dekkhina District (Burmese: ဒက္ခိဏခရိုင်; lit. 'Splendor of the South District') is a district of the Naypyidaw Union Territory in Myanmar. It is also called Lewe District (Burmese: လယ်ဝေးခရိုင်)

The District has two townships:

Dekkhinathiri Township

Lewe Township

In 2022, the district was split up to form the new Pyinmana District. Prior to this, the district also included Pyinmana Township and Zabuthiri Township.
Tennaya Creek
Tennaya Creek is a tributary of Kakiddi Creek, which in turn is a tributary of the Klastline River, part of the Stikine River watershed in the northwest part of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It flows generally west for about 16 km (9.9 mi) to join Kakiddi Creek about 19 km (12 mi) south of Kakiddi Creek's confluence with the Klastline River. Tennaya Creek's watershed covers 63.3 km2 (24.4 sq mi) and its mean annual discharge is estimated at 1.50 m3/s (53 cu ft/s). The mouth of Tennaya Creek is located about 48 km (30 mi) southeast of Telegraph Creek, about 30 km (19 mi) southwest of Iskut and about 86 km (53 mi) south-southwest of Dease Lake. Tennaya Creek's watershed's land cover is classified as 31.3% barren, 26.0% conifer forest, 17.9% snow/glacier, 12.6% herbaceous, 9.9% shrubland, and small amounts of other cover.

Tennaya Creek is in Mount Edziza Provincial Park and the Tenh Dẕetle Conservancy, both of which lie within the traditional territory of the Tahltan people.

Kakiddi Creek
Kakiddi Creek is a tributary of the Klastline River in northwest part of the province of British Columbia, Canada. It flows north about 35 km (22 mi) through two lakes in a broad hummocky lowland to join the Klastline River, which in turn is a tributary of the Stikine River. Kakiddi Creek forms the northeastern boundary of Mount Edziza Provincial Park which lies within the traditional territory of the Tahltan people.

Kakiddi Creek's watershed covers 709 km2 (274 sq mi) and its estimated mean annual discharge is 11.5 m3/s (410 cu ft/s). The mouth of Kakiddi Creek is located about 25 km (16 mi) west of Iskut, 44 km (27 mi) east of Telegraph Creek and about 77 km (48 mi) south-southwest of Dease Lake. Kakiddi Creek's watershed's land cover is classified as 46.6% conifer forest, 17.4% barren, 15.4% shrubland, 11.2% herbaceous, 5.4% snow/glacier, and small amounts of other cover.
Liberation Day (Italy)
Liberation Day (Italian: Festa della Liberazione [ˈfɛsta della liberatˈtsjoːne]), also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation (Anniversario della liberazione d'Italia), Anniversary of the Resistance (Anniversario della Resistenza), or simply 25 April (25 aprile [ˌventiˈtʃiŋkwe aˈpriːle]), is a national holiday in Italy that commemorates the liberation of Italy from Nazi German occupation and Fascist collaborationism (Italian Social Republic), in the latter phase of World War II. That is distinct from Republic Day (Festa della Repubblica), which takes place on 2 June and commemorates the 1946 Italian institutional referendum.

Festa della Repubblica
Festa della Repubblica (Italian: [ˈfɛsta della reˈpubblika]; English: Republic Day) is the Italian National Day and Republic Day, which is celebrated on 2 June each year, with the main celebration taking place in Rome. The Festa della Repubblica is one of the national symbols of Italy.

The day commemorates the 1946 Italian institutional referendum held by universal suffrage, in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the form of government following the Second World War and the fall of Fascism.

The ceremony of the event, organized in Rome, includes the deposition of a laurel wreath as a tribute to the Italian Unknown Soldier at the Altare della Patria by the President of the Italian Republic and a military parade along Via dei Fori Imperiali in Rome.
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno II
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno II is the 10th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge). The season is directly subsequent to Battle of the Sexes 2.

The Inferno II is the second of The Inferno series, with the original Inferno airing in 2004, and The Inferno 3 following in 2007. The show aired in 2005, and took place in Manzanillo, Mexico.

On December 15, 2020, the season was made available to stream on Netflix in the United States.

Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno
Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno is the 8th season of the MTV reality game show, The Challenge (at the time known as Real World/Road Rules Challenge). The season is directly subsequent to The Gauntlet and took place in Acapulco, Mexico.

This is the first edition of The Inferno series, with The Inferno II and The Inferno 3 following in 2005 and 2007, respectively.
Multistory Media
Multistory Media (formerly known as Shiver) is a British television production company. It is a subsidiary of ITV Studios and one of the largest providers of factual entertainment in the United Kingdom.

Some of its productions include Paul O'Grady: For the Love of Dogs, 60 Minute Makeover and Peter Andre: My Life.

ITV Studios
ITV Studios Limited is a British multinational television media company owned by British television broadcaster ITV plc. It handles production and distribution of programmes broadcast on the ITV network and third-party broadcasters, and is based in 12 countries across 60 production labels, with local production offices in the UK, the US, Belgium, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Israel, France, Spain, and Scandinavia.
La Bohème (1916 film)
La Bohème (aka: La vie de Bohème) is a 1916 American silent historical film directed by Albert Capellani and distributed by World Pictures. The star of this version is Alice Brady, whose father William A. Brady was the founder of World Pictures. This film is one of many silent versions, actually the third or fourth. Later silent versions appeared in 1917 and 1926 starring Lillian Gish. Director Albert Capellani's brother, Paul Capellani, who appears in this film, had made his own short version in 1912.

La Bohème (1926 film)
La Bohème is a 1926 American silent drama film directed by King Vidor, based on the 1896 opera La bohème by Giacomo Puccini. Lillian Gish and John Gilbert star in a tragic romance in which a tubercular seamstress sacrifices her life so that her lover, a bohemian playwright, might pen his masterpiece. Gish, at the height of her influence with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios, asserted significant control over the production, determining the story, director, cast, cinematography, and costume design. In February 2020, the film was shown at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival, as part of a retrospective dedicated to King Vidor's career.
Huaxiadraco
Huaxiadraco (meaning "Hua Xia [China] dragon") is a genus of tapejarid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China. It is the third valid genus of tapejarid from the Jehol Biota, after Sinopterus and Eopteranodon. It contains one species, Huaxiadraco corollatus, originally assigned to the defunct genus Huaxiapterus.

Sinopterus
Sinopterus (meaning "Chinese wing") is a genus of tapejarid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Aptian-age Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China. It was first described and named by Wang Xiaolin and Zhou Zhonghe. Historically, there were multiple species attributed to the genus although only one is considered to be valid. Sinopterus is known for its proportionally large skull, which has a bird-like pointed beak lacking teeth, and a long bony crest that starts with a tall premaxilla and goes back along the middle of the skull to form a point overhanging the rear of the skull. Direct dietary evidence based on gut contents suggest that Sinopterus is a herbivore.
Cerro Torre
Cerro Torre is one of the mountains of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field in South America. It is located on the border dividing Argentina and Chile, west of Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén). At 3,128 m (10,262 ft), the peak is the highest of a four mountain chain: the other peaks are Torre Egger (2,685 m (8,809 ft)), Punta Herron, and Cerro Standhardt. The top of the mountain often has a mushroom of rime ice, formed by the constant strong winds, increasing the difficulty of reaching the actual summit.

Fitz Roy
Monte Fitz Roy (also known as Cerro Chaltén, Cerro Fitz Roy, or simply Mount Fitz Roy) is a mountain in Patagonia, on the border between Argentina and Chile.
  It is located in the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, near El Chaltén village and Viedma Lake. It was first climbed in 1952 by French alpinists Lionel Terray and Guido Magnone.