hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle
Georgiana Dorothy Howard, Countess of Carlisle (née Cavendish; 12 July 1783 – 8 August 1858) was a British noblewoman. She was born after nine years of childless marriage between William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and his wife, Lady Georgiana Spencer, the political hostess and socialite. As such, she was a member of one of the country's grandest and richest families.

In 1801, the young Georgiana married George Howard, Viscount Morpeth, later becoming Countess of Carlisle upon her husband's accession in 1825. Their twelve children included the 7th and 8th Earls of Carlisle. Another child, the Duchess of Sutherland, was Mistress of the Robes and a close friend to Queen Victoria.

Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (née Howard; 21 May 1806 – 27 October 1868), styled The Honourable Harriet Howard before her marriage, was an English courtier and abolitionist from the Howard family.

She was Mistress of the Robes under several Whig administrations: 1837–1841, 1846–1852, 1853–1858, and 1859–1861; and a great friend of Queen Victoria. She was an important figure in London's high society, and used her social position to undertake various philanthropic undertakings including the protest of the English ladies against American slavery.
Ryan Truex
Ryan Matthew Truex (born March 18, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 24 Toyota GR Supra for Sam Hunt Racing. As a reserve driver for Joe Gibbs Racing in the Cup and Xfinity Series, he also last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving No. 11 Toyota Camry XSE for JGR.

Truex's older brother Martin was the 2017 NASCAR Cup Series champion.

Martin Truex Jr.
Martin Lee Truex Jr. (born June 29, 1980) is an American semi-retired professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 56 Toyota Camry XSE for Tricon Garage. He is the 2017 NASCAR Cup Series champion and a two-time Xfinity Series champion, having won two consecutive championships in 2004 and 2005.

Many members of Truex Jr.'s family are current or retired NASCAR drivers. His younger brother Ryan competes part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series for JGR, and is a two-time consecutive champion in what is now known as the ARCA Menards Series East. His late father Martin Sr. competed full-time in the East Series in the 1990s. His uncle Barney competed part-time in the Whelen Modified Tour in the 1980s. His cousins, Curtis Truex Jr. and Tyler Truex, are late model racing drivers.
Hopper (microarchitecture)
Hopper is a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia. It is designed for datacenters and is used alongside the Lovelace microarchitecture.

Named for computer scientist and United States Navy rear admiral Grace Hopper, the Hopper architecture was leaked in November 2019 and officially revealed in March 2022. It improves upon its predecessors, the Turing and Ampere microarchitectures, featuring a new streaming multiprocessor, a faster memory subsystem, and a transformer acceleration engine.

Ampere (microarchitecture)
Ampere is the codename for a graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture developed by Nvidia as the successor to both the Volta and Turing architectures. It was officially announced on May 14, 2020, and is named after French mathematician and physicist André-Marie Ampère.

Nvidia announced the Ampere architecture GeForce 30 series consumer GPUs at a GeForce Special Event on September 1, 2020. Nvidia announced the A100 80 GB GPU at SC20 on November 16, 2020. Mobile RTX graphics cards and the RTX 3060 based on the Ampere architecture were revealed on January 12, 2021.

Nvidia announced Ampere's successor, Hopper, at GTC 2022, and "Ampere Next Next" (Blackwell) for a 2024 release at GPU Technology Conference 2021.
Nura Nal
Dream Girl (Nura Nal) is a superhero appearing in books published by DC Comics, primarily as a member of the Legion of Super-Heroes in the 30th and 31st centuries. She was created by writer Edmond Hamilton and artist John Forte, and first appeared in Adventure Comics #317 (1964).

Dream Girl has made limited appearances in other media, primarily in association with the Legion. Tara Platt voices the character in Legion of Super Heroes (2006), while Nicole Maines portrays Nia Nal, a contemporary character based on her, in the Arrowverse.

Nia Nal
Nia Nal, also known by her code name Dreamer, is a superheroine from the Arrowverse television series Supergirl, portrayed by Nicole Maines. The character is based on, and depicted as an ancestor of, the DC Comics character Nura Nal / Dream Girl. She debuts in the fourth season of the series. Nia Nal is the first transgender superhero on television. Maines reprised the role in the ninth and final season of The Flash.
Arnold Wilson
Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson KCIE CSI CMG DSO (18 July 1884 – 31 May 1940) was a British soldier, colonial administrator, Conservative politician, writer and editor.  Wilson served under Percy Cox, the colonial administrator of Mesopotamia (Mandatory Iraq) during and after First World War, including an Iraqi revolt in 1920. Wilson was the first Member of Parliament to die in action in the Second World War. He was killed while serving as an aircrew member at the advanced age of 55.

In the 1930s, Wilson drew controversy for expressing support for Francisco Franco and sympathy for Nazi Germany, albeit he privately expressed disgust after visiting a concentration camp in 1936. During the war, he volunteered to fight, saying "I have no desire to shelter myself and live in safety behind the ramparts of the bodies of millions of our young men."

Iraqi Revolt
The Iraqi Revolt of 1920, also known as the Iraqi War of Independence or Great Iraqi Revolution began in Baghdad in the summer of 1920 with mass demonstrations by Iraqis, including protests by embittered officers from the old Ottoman Army, against the British who published the new land ownership and the burial taxes at Najaf. The revolt gained momentum when it spread to the middle and lower Euphrates.

Shia and Sunni religious communities cooperated during the revolution as well as tribal communities, the urban masses, and many Iraqi officers in Syria. The objectives of the revolution were independence from British rule and the creation of an Arab government. The revolt achieved some initial success, but by the end of October 1920, the uprising was suppressed by the British, although elements of it dragged on until 1922.
Escape Me Never (1935 film)
Escape Me Never is a 1935 British drama film directed by Paul Czinner, produced by Herbert Wilcox, and starring Elisabeth Bergner (recreating the role of Gemma as she created it onstage in New York and London), Hugh Sinclair and Griffith Jones. The score is by William Walton with orchestration by Hyam Greenbaum. Bergner was nominated for the Oscar for Best Actress for her performance, but lost to Bette Davis. British readers of Film Weekly magazine voted the 1935 Best Performance in a British Movie to her. The film is an adaptation of the play Escape Me Never by Margaret Kennedy, which was based upon her 1930 novel The Fool of the Family. That book was a sequel to The Constant Nymph, which was also about the Sanger family of musical geniuses, but there is a disjunct among the books and the films: the Sanger brothers are never mentioned in the 1943 film version of The Constant Nymph. Another film adaptation of Escape Me Never was made in 1947 by Warner Bros.

Escape Me Never (1947 film)
Escape Me Never is a 1947 American melodrama film directed by Peter Godfrey, and starring Errol Flynn, Ida Lupino, Eleanor Parker, and Gig Young.

It is the second film adaptation (the first was in 1935) of the 1934 play Escape Me Never by Margaret Kennedy, which was based on her 1930 novel The Fool of the Family. That book was a continuation of her story of the fictional Sanger family of musical geniuses introduced in The Constant Nymph, but there is a disjunct among the books and the films: The Sanger brothers are never mentioned in the 1943 film of The Constant Nymph, and their names are changed in this picture.
Polish Library in Paris
The Polish Library in Paris (French: Bibliothèque Polonaise de Paris, Polish: Biblioteka Polska w Paryżu) is a Polish cultural centre of national importance and is closely associated both with the historic Great Emigration of the Polish élite to Paris in the 19th century and the formation in 1832 of the Literary Society (Towarzystwo Literackie), later the Historical and Literary Society.

The Library was founded in 1838 by Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Karol Sienkiewicz, and others. Its first task was to safeguard all surviving books, documents, archives, and treasures of national importance to Poland. It has become a historical and documentary resource open for use by Poles and other researchers and visitors.

The Library houses three museums related to significant Polish artists: the Salon Frédéric Chopin, the Adam Mickiewicz Museum, and the Bolesław Biegas Art collection. UNESCO's Memory of the World Register rates it an institution unique of its kind.

Adam Mickiewicz Museum, Paris
The Adam Mickiewicz Museum (in French: 
Musée Adam Mickiewicz) is a small museum dedicated to Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855). It is located within the Polish Library in Paris in the 4th arrondissement of Paris at 6, Quai d'Orleans, Paris, France.

The museum was established in 1930, and contains numerous personal effects as well as an archive including many autograph items. It occupies one room in the Bibliothèque Polonaise à Paris, which also houses the Musée Boleslas Biegas and the Salon Frédéric Chopin.

Guided visits are available Thursday afternoons and Saturday mornings by prior appointment; an admission fee is charged.
Rockwell International
Rockwell International was a major American manufacturing conglomerate. It was involved in aircraft, the space industry, defense and commercial electronics, components in the automotive industry, printing presses, avionics and industrial products. At its peak, Rockwell International was No. 27 on the Fortune 500 list, with assets of over $8 billion, sales of $27 billion and 115,000 employees.

Rockwell International's predecessor was Rockwell Manufacturing Company, founded in 1919 by Willard Rockwell. In 1968, Rockwell Manufacturing Company included seven operating divisions manufacturing industrial valves, German 2-cycle motors, power tools, gas and water meters. In 1973, it was combined with the aerospace products and renamed Rockwell International. It was split into various companies beginning in the 1980s, including its final split in 2001 into Rockwell Automation and Rockwell Collins.

Rockwell Collins
Rockwell Collins, Inc. was a multinational corporation headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, providing avionics and information technology systems and services to government agencies and aircraft manufacturers. It was formed when the Collins Radio Company, facing financial difficulties, was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973. In 2001, the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc., retaining its name.

It was acquired by United Technologies Corporation on November 27, 2018, and since then operates as part of Collins Aerospace, a subsidiary of the RTX Corporation (formerly Raytheon Technologies).
DMTMM
DMTMM (4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride) is an organic triazine derivative commonly used for activation of carboxylic acids, particularly for amide synthesis. Amide coupling is one of the most common reactions in organic chemistry and DMTMM is one reagent used for that reaction. The mechanism of DMTMM coupling is similar to other common amide coupling reactions involving activated carboxylic acids. Its precursor, 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT), has also been used for amide coupling. DMTMM has also been used to synthesize other carboxylic functional groups such as esters and anhydrides. DMTMM is usually used in the chloride form but the tetrafluoroborate salt is also commercially available.

2-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine
2-Chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) is a triazine derivative commonly used in acylation reactions for the synthesis of amides and esters as well as for activation of alcohols in a diverse range of other reactions. Almost exclusively used with N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as a Brønsted base, its reactivity is closely related to DMTMM.
BYK Additives & Instruments
BYK is a globally operating supplier of additives and measuring instruments.

The areas of application of BYK additives include the coatings, inks, plastics and oil/gas industries, the manufacture of care products, the manufacture of adhesives and sealants, and construction chemistry. The instruments section (BYK-Gardner GmbH) develops measuring instruments for evaluating the color, appearance and physical properties of coatings, plastics and paper surfaces. BYK is one of four Divisions within the ALTANA Group.

BYK Additives & Instruments employs around 2,500 people worldwide. In 2024 BYK, saw an 11 percent increase in both nominal and operating sales, reaching 1.337 billion euros.

Altana
Altana AG (styled as ALTANA) is a German chemical company headquartered in Wesel. It was created in 1977, as a result of spinning off divisions from the Varta Group. The first CEO was Herbert Quandt.

The group comprises the divisions BYK (coating additives and instruments), Eckart (metal effect pigments and metallic printing inks), Elantas (insulation materials for the electrical and electronics industries) and Actega (coatings and sealant compounds for the packaging industry).

The Altana Group has 66 production facilities and 69 service and research laboratories worldwide. In 2024, the company, with around 8,400 employees, posted revenues of over €3 billion.
Carris
Carris (Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa) (Lisbon Tramways Company) is a public transportation company in Lisbon, Portugal. Carris operates Lisbon's buses, trams, and funiculars. It does not operate the Lisbon Metro. Carris was founded September 18, 1872. A total of 140.6 million passenger boardings were recorded in 2017.

As of September 20, 2021, Carris employed 2,588 individuals, with 1,285 bus drivers and 152 tram drivers. The company operated 724 buses, 48 trams, three funiculars (Elevador do Lavra, Elevador da Glória and Elevador da Bica), and an elevator (the Santa Justa lift). The last four were designed by the engineer Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard.

Trams in Lisbon
The Lisbon tramway network (Portuguese: Rede de elétricos de Lisboa) is a system of trams that serves Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal.  In operation since 1873, it presently  comprises six lines. The system has a length of 31 km, and 63 trams in operation (45 historic "Remodelados", 8 historic "Ligeiros" and 10 modern articulated trams). The depot is located in Santo Amaro, in Alcântara.
KMVT
KMVT (channel 11) is a television station in Twin Falls, Idaho, United States, affiliated with CBS and The CW Plus. It is owned by Gray Media alongside low-power, Class A Fox/MyNetworkTV affiliate KSVT-CD (channel 14). The two stations share studios on Blue Lakes Boulevard North/US 93 in Twin Falls; KMVT's transmitter is located on Flat Top Butte east of Jerome.

KSVT-CD
KSVT-CD (channel 14) is a low-power, Class A television station in Twin Falls, Idaho, United States, affiliated with Fox and MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Media alongside dual CBS/CW+ affiliate KMVT (channel 11). The two stations share studios on Blue Lakes Boulevard North/US 93 in Twin Falls; KSVT-CD's transmitter is located on Flat Top Butte in unincorporated Jerome County east of Jerome and US 93.

In addition to its own digital signal, KSVT-CD is simulcast in standard definition on KMVT's third digital subchannel (11.3) from the same transmitter site.
Blackburn Bus Company
The Blackburn Bus Company operates both local and regional bus services in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, England. It is a subsidiary of Transdev Blazefield, which operates bus services across Greater Manchester, Lancashire, North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire.

Transdev Blazefield
Transdev Blazefield is a bus group, which operates local and regional bus services across Greater Manchester, Lancashire, North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire, England. Formed in August 1991, the group has been a subsidiary of French-based operator Transdev since January 2006.
Ai Fiori
Ai Fiori is a restaurant in New York City. The restaurant is located in The Langham hotel in Midtown. It serves French and Italian cuisine.

Ai Fiori received a Michelin star (but lost it in 2022) and praise from The New York Times in its inaugural year. In May 2021, the restaurant publicized the opening of “The Sky Terrace” as a new rooftop lounge atop The Langham. The restaurant's wine list has also been ranked as one of the best in New York.

The Langham, New York
The Langham, New York, Fifth Avenue is a luxury suite hotel located in a mixed-use skyscraper at 400 Fifth Avenue, between 36th and 37th Streets, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is operated by the Langham Hospitality Group.
2014–15 FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup
The 2014/15 FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup was the 24th in a row (22nd official) Continental Cup winter season and the 13th official summer season in ski jumping for men.

This was also the 11th winter and the 7th summer season for women. Sara Takanashi won summer and Anette Sagen winter overall.

Other competitions were World Cup, Grand Prix and Alpen Cup.

2014–15 FIS Ski Jumping Alpen Cup
The 2014/15 FIS Ski Jumping Alpen Cup was the 25th Alpen Cup season in ski jumping for men and the 7th for ladies. It began on 13 August 2014 in Pöhla, Germany and ended on 8 March 2015 in Chaux-Neuve, France.

Other competitive circuits this season included the World Cup, Grand Prix and Continental Cup.
Putney Lower Common
Putney Lower Common is an open parkland space in the London Borough of Wandsworth between the town centres of Putney and Barnes. It is part of Wimbledon and Putney Commons, lying 1.5 miles from the rest of the common area.

Wimbledon Common
Wimbledon Common is a large open space in Wimbledon, southwest London. There are three named areas: Wimbledon Common, Putney Heath, and Putney Lower Common, which together are managed under the name Wimbledon and Putney Commons totalling 460 hectares (1,140 acres). Putney Lower Common is set apart from the rest of the Common by a minimum of 1 mile (1.6 kilometres) of the built-up western end of Putney.
Spokane Subdivision
The Spokane Subdivision or Spokane Sub is a railway line running between Sandpoint, Idaho and Spokane, Washington. It forms a part of the Northern Transcon. The line has shared track rights with Union Pacific Railway. The Amtrak Empire Builder uses the line and stops in Sandpoint and Spokane.

The length of the subdivision has fluctuated throughout its service history, with a majority of the east end of the line operating under the Kootenai River Subdivision in the 2010s.

Northern Transcon
The Northern Transcon, a route operated by the BNSF Railway, traverses the most northerly route of any railroad in the western United States. This route was originally part of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway and Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway systems, merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad system in 1970.
California's 32nd congressional district
California's 32nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California based in Los Angeles County. The 32nd district takes in the city of Malibu and the Los Angeles neighborhoods of Pacific Palisades, Beverly Glen, Bel Air, Studio City, Sherman Oaks, Woodland Hills, West Hills, Canoga Park, Winnetka, Reseda, Tarzana, Encino, Chatsworth, Northridge, Brentwood, North Hills, as well as the south side of Granada Hills.

The district is currently represented by Democrat Brad Sherman.

The district was previously represented by Democrat Judy Chu. Following the 2012 elections, due to redistricting, Chu ran for U.S. Representative in the 27th congressional district, while Grace Napolitano ran in the 32nd congressional district, having been displaced from the 38th district. Sherman, the district's current representative, previously sat in the House for California's 30th congressional district.

California's 30th congressional district
California's 30th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California. The district was represented by Democrat Adam Schiff until December 2024 when he was elected to the U.S. Senate. Democrat Laura Friedman was elected to succeed him, and took office in January 2025.

The 30th district takes in all of Burbank and Glendale, the Linda Vista neighborhood of Pasadena, and the Los Angeles communities of Tujunga, Hollywood, West Hollywood, Edendale, Park La Brea, Hancock Park, Los Feliz, and westside Echo Park.
Boyd Island
Boyd Island is an island in Prydz Bay on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. It lies just SSW of Lugg Island, and about 3.5 km NNW of Australia's Davis Station on Broad Peninsula in the Vestfold Hills. It was named after Jeff J. Boyd, a Medical Officer at Davis in 1970.

Lugg Island
Lugg Island is a small island in the Donskiye Islands group lying 2 km (1.2 mi) north-west of Lake Island, off the west end of Breidnes Peninsula, Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. It was first plotted from aerial photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and was named by the Antarctic Names Committee of Australia for Dr. D. Lugg, medical officer at Davis Station in 1963, who visited the island for biological studies.
Alinda
Alinda (Ancient Greek: Ἄλινδα) was an inland city and bishopric in ancient Caria, in Asia Minor (Anatolia). Modern scholars identify Alinda with the Hellenistic foundation of Alexandria ad Latmum (Ἀλεξάνδρεια πρὸς τῷ Λάτμῳ) noted by Stephanus of Byzantium.

Caria
Caria (/ˈkɛəriə/; from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Turkish: Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Carians were described by Herodotus as being Anatolian mainlanders and they called themselves Caria because of the name of their king. He reports the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians spoke Carian, a native Anatolian language closely related to Luwian. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians.
The Third Wave (Toffler book)
The Third Wave is a 1980 book by Alvin Toffler. It is the sequel to Future Shock (1970), and the second in what was originally likely meant to be a trilogy that was continued with Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century in 1990. A new addition, Revolutionary Wealth, was published, however, in 2006 and may be considered as a major expansion of The Third Wave.

Toffler's book describes the transition in developed countries from Industrial Age society, which he calls the "Second Wave", to Information Age "Third Wave" society.

Powershift (book)
Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st Century is the third book in a trilogy written by the futurist Alvin Toffler, following Future Shock (1970) and The Third Wave (1980). The hardcover first edition was published October 1, 1990.