hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Singidunum
Singidunum (Serbian: Сингидунум, Singidunum) was an ancient city which later evolved into modern Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The name is of Celtic origin, going back to the time when the Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. Later on, the Roman Republic conquered the area in 75 BC and incorporated it into the province of Moesia. It was an important fort of the Danubian Limes and Roman Legio IV Flavia Felix was garrisoned there since 86 AD. Singidunum was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Jovian. It was sacked by Huns in 441, and by Avars and Slavs in 584. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Singidunum fort was finally destroyed.

A large part of Belgrade's downtown belongs to the "Archaeological Site of Singidunum", which was declared a protected zone on 30 June 1964.

Moesia
Moesia (/ˈmiːʃə, -siə, -ʒə/; Latin: Moesia; Greek: Μοισία, romanized: Moisía) was a Roman province situated in the Haemus  Peninsula, south of the Danube River. Created after the Danubian-Hæmus conquest during the reign of Augustus, Moesia included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior).
2025 Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation election
The 2025 Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation election was held on 9 December 2025 to elect councillors to the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation, the governing body of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged victorious, securing 50 seats and forming the municipal government for the first time in the corporation's history with V.V. Rajesh and Asha Nath of the BJP being elected as the mayor and deputy mayor respectively.

2025 Kerala local elections
Elections to local governments (Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) in Kerala were held on 9 December 2025 and 11 December 2025 in 2 phases. Results were announced on 13 December 2025 through the Kerala State Election Commission's official results portal after conclusion of counting.

The State Election Commission, Kerala had completed preparatory processes, including finalising electoral rolls, delimitation of wards, and scheduling. According to the final voter's list published by the Kerala State Election Commission, the State had a total of 2,84,30,761 registered voters.
Aquacade (satellite)
Aquacade, previously designated Rhyolite, was a class of SIGINT spy satellites operated by the National Reconnaissance Office for the United States Central Intelligence Agency. The National Security Agency (NSA) was also reportedly involved. The program, also known by SIGAD AFP-720 and SIGAD AFP-472, respectively, is still classified. During the same period, the Canyon SIGINT satellites were in use with an apparently somewhat different set of capabilities.

Canyon (satellite)
Canyon was a series of seven United States spy satellites launched between 1968 and 1977.  Also known by its program number AFP-827, the satellites were developed with the participation of the Air Force. The Canyon project is credited as being the first American satellite system tasked for COMINT.
Mazda Luce
The Mazda Luce (Japanese: マツダ・ルーチェ, Hepburn: Matsuda Rūche) is an executive car that was produced by Mazda in Japan from 1966 until 1991. It was widely exported as the Mazda 929 from 1973 to 1991 as Mazda's largest sedan. Later generations were installed with luxury items and interiors as the Luce became the flagship offering. The Luce was replaced by the Sentia in 1991 which was also exported under the 929 nameplate.

Mazda Sentia
The Mazda Sentia (Japanese: マツダ・センティア, Hepburn: Matsuda Sentia) is a mid-size rear wheel drive luxury car that was sold by Mazda in Japan from 1991 to 1999 over two generations. It replaced the Mazda Luce nameplate on the Mazda H platform, and continued the tradition of being Mazda's largest flagship sedan, which had been in production since the late 1960s.

The Sentia was also built under license in South Korea until October 2002 by Kia, at the Hwaseong Plant (formerly Asan Bay) where it was sold as the Kia Enterprise.
Massachusetts Route 27
Route 27 is a 73.44-mile-long (118.19 km) south–north state highway in eastern Massachusetts. Its southern terminus is at Route 106 in Kingston and its northern terminus is at Route 4 in Chelmsford. Along the way it intersects several major highways including Route 24 in Brockton, U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Walpole, Route 9 in Natick, US 20 in Wayland, Route 225 in Westford, Route 2, Route 119, Route 2A, and Route 111 all in Acton.

Route 30 in Wayland, Route 135 in Natick,

Massachusetts Route 4
Route 4 is an 18.26-mile-long (29.39 km) state highway in northeastern Massachusetts. It runs south to north, serving many of Boston's western and northwestern suburbs, from an interchange with Route 2 in Lexington northwest to an intersection with Route 3A in North Chelmsford.  Much of it, north of Lexington, runs parallel to U.S. Route 3 (the Northwest Expressway).  The entire route is contained within Middlesex County.
Jaguar XJS
The Jaguar XJ-S (later called XJS) is a luxury grand tourer manufactured and marketed by British car manufacturer Jaguar Cars from 1975 to 1996, in coupé, fixed-profile and full convertible bodystyles. There were three distinct iterations, with a final production total of 115,413 units over 20 years and seven months.

Originally developed by Chief Engineer William Heynes using the platform of the then-current XJ saloon, the XJ-S was noted for its prominent rear buttresses. The early styling was partially by Jaguar's aerodynamicist Malcolm Sayer—one of the first designers to apply advanced aero principles to cars—however Sayer died in 1970, before the design was finalised.

Its final iteration, produced from 1991 to 1996, was manufactured after Jaguar was acquired by Ford, who introduced numerous modifications – and eliminated the hyphen in the name, marketing Jaguar's longest running model simply as the XJS.

Jaguar XJ
The Jaguar XJ is a series of mid-size/full-size luxury cars produced by British automobile manufacturer Jaguar Cars (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013) from 1968 to 2019. It was produced across four basic platform generations (debuting in 1968, 1986, 2003, and 2009) with various updated derivatives of each. From 1970, it was Jaguar's flagship four-door model. The original model was the last Jaguar saloon to have been designed under the leadership of Sir William Lyons, the company's founder, and the model has been featured in a myriad of media and high-profile appearances.
Subalpine Senate
The Subalpine Senate (Italian: Senato Subalpino) was the upper house of the Kingdom of Sardinia and one of the two houses of its bicameral parliament, the other being the Chamber of Deputies. It was set up in 1848 following the fusion of the Savoyard states. It became the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy upon the unification of Italy in 1861. It is the direct ancestor of the present Italian Senate. Its name was a reference to the Napoleonic Subalpine Republic.

Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia
The Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (Italian: Parlamento del Regno di Sardegna), also called Subalpine Parliament (Italian: Parlamento Subalpino), was the bicameral parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
M20 motorway
The M20 is a motorway in Kent, England. It follows on from the A20 at Swanley, meeting the M25, and continuing on to Folkestone, providing a link to the Channel Tunnel and the ports at Dover. It is 50.6 miles (81.4 km) long. Although not signposted in England, this road is part of the European route E15. It is also used as a holding area for goods traffic when traffic across the English Channel is disrupted, such as Operation Stack and Operation Brock.

A20 road (England)
The A20 is a major road in south-east England, carrying traffic from London to Dover in Kent. Parts of the route date back to turnpikes established in the early part of the 18th century. The line of the road throughout Kent runs closely in parallel with the M20 motorway.
Bruksnummer
A Bruksnummer or Property unit number is the number for a bruk which is part of a geographical unit in the Norwegian land registry and serves as part of the Assessor's parcel number. The abbreviation is Bnr.

Each municipality is divided into a certain number of Gårdsnummers. Each Gårdsnummer is further divided into Bruksnummers. When a new property is established, it is assigned a new Bruksnnummer under the same Gårdsnummer. A common way of writing a real estate designation is for example. 17/235, where 17 is the Gårdsnummer and 235 is the bruksnummer. Another way of writing is Gnr 17, Bnr 235.

A bruksnummer can also be assigned a Festenummer and Seksjonsnummer number which can also be traded and pledged.

Gårdsnummer
The gårdsnummer or cadastral unit number is the number of a farm unit in the Norwegian land register and it serves as the assessor's parcel number.  The modern abbreviation is Gnr, although the Norske Gaardnavne lists the abbreviation as GN.  Each municipality will typically start with Gnr 1 and number each gård consecutively as needed.

A farm is often divided into bruksnummers, which begin again for each farm. This means that over time a larger farm has been divided into smaller units.
Heiric of Auxerre
Heiric of Auxerre (841–876) was a French Benedictine theologian and writer. An oblate of the abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre, he studied with Lupus Servatus and Haimo of Auxerre. His own students included Remigius of Auxerre and Hucbald. His Miracula sancti Germani was a verse life of St. Germanus. Other works include his Collectaeum, a homiliary, and glosses on the Categoriae decem.

Remigius of Auxerre
Remigius (Remi) of Auxerre (Latin: Remigius Autissiodorensis; c. 841 – 908) was a Benedictine monk during the Carolingian period, a teacher of Latin grammar, and a prolific author of commentaries on classical Greek and Latin texts.  He is also accredited with collecting and compiling other early medieval thinkers' commentaries on these works.
Starorussky District
Starorussky District (Russian: Старору́сский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Parfinsky District in the east, Demyansky and Maryovsky Districts in the southeast, Poddorsky District in the southwest, Volotovsky District in the west, and with Shimsky District in the northwest. From the north, the district is limited by Lake Ilmen. The area of the district is 3,111 square kilometers (1,201 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Staraya Russa (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 15,063 (2010 census); 16,214 (2002 Census); 18,505 (1989 Soviet census).

Volotovsky District
Volotovsky District (Russian: Волото́вский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Shimsky District in the north, Starorussky District in the east, Poddorsky District in the south, Dedovichsky District of Pskov Oblast in the southwest, Dnovsky District of Pskov Oblast in the west, and with Soletsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 995 square kilometers (384 sq mi), which makes it the smallest district in the oblast. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlement) of Volot. District's population: 5,493 (2010 Census); 6,106 (2002 Census); 7,058 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Volot accounts for 40.7% of the district's total population.
Thổ people
The Thổ ethnic group (also Keo, Mon, Cuoi, Ho, Tay Poong) inhabits the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam, mainly Nghệ An Province southwest of Hanoi. Many Thổ speak the Tho language, which is closely related to Vietnamese.
The Thổ population numbered 91,430 in 2019.

The Thổ are one of the 4 main groups of Vietic speakers in Vietnam, the others being the Việt, Mường, and Chứt. The name Thổ, which means "autochthonous" was originally applied to the Tày ethnic group, however this usage is obsolete.

Muong people
The Mường (Mường Bi dialect: mõl Mường; Vietnamese: người Mường) are an ethnic group native to northern Vietnam. The Mường is the country's third largest of 53 minority groups, with an estimated population of 1.45 million (according to the 2019 census). The Mường people inhabit a mountainous region of northern Vietnam centered in Hòa Bình Province and some districts of Phú Thọ province and Thanh Hóa Province. They speak the Mường language which is related to the Vietnamese language and the Thổ language and share ancient ethnic roots with the Vietnamese (Kinh) people.
Martin-Baker MB 3
The Martin-Baker MB 3 was a British prototype fighter aircraft, developed from Martin-Baker’s earlier private ventures, the MB 1 and the MB 2. The design was notable for its heavy armament of six 20 mm Hispano cannons. The fatal crash of the only prototype in September 1942 led to the cancellation of the programme. The design would carry over into a planned MB 4, but this cancelled in favour of a moderate re-design in the form of the MB 5.

Martin-Baker MB 5
The British Martin-Baker MB 5 was the ultimate development of a series of prototype fighter aircraft built during the Second World War. Neither the MB 5 nor its predecessors ever entered production, despite what test pilots described as excellent performance.
Ngiri-Ngiri
Ngiri-Ngiri is a commune in the Funa District of Kinshasa, strategically situated in the southern part of the city. Covering an area of 3.40 square kilometers, it had a population of 99,292 in December 2008, which increased to an estimated 481,110 by 2015. The commune is bounded by Kasa-Vubu Avenue and the Kasa-Vubu commune to the north, Kwilu Street and Bumbu commune to the south, Elengesa Avenue and Kalamu commune to the east, and Liberation Avenue (formerly 24 Novembre) and Bandalungwa commune to the west.

Established in 1957 at the base of the Kalamu and Kasa-Vubu hills, Ngiri-Ngiri is administratively divided into 9 quartiers (quarters). Originally built on non-aedificandi sites prone to flooding and erosion, it is predominantly inhabited by low-income communities. The local economy is supported by agriculture, market gardening, industry, and recreational activities.

Bumbu
Bumbu is a commune situated in the Funa District of Kinshasa. Spanning an area of 5.30 square kilometers, it is located in the hilled southern section of the city and had an estimated population of 905,943 as of 2015. Bumbu is bordered by Kwilu Street to the north, which separates it from Ngiri-Ngiri; Kimvula "Haute tension" Street to the south; Elengesa Avenue to the east, demarcating it from Makala; and Liberation Avenue to the west, bordering Selembao.

Administratively subdivided into 13 neighborhoods, Bumbu was officially constituted through ministerial decree No. 68-026 on 30 March 1962. Subsequent amendments, formalized by decree No. 69-042 on 23 January 1969, refined the boundaries and organizational framework of Kinshasa's urban communes.
Leyton tube station
Leyton (/ˈleɪtən/) is a London Underground station in Leyton, in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, East London. It is located on Leyton High Road, adjacent to the A12. The station is on the Central line, between Stratford and Leytonstone stations. It is in London fare zone 3.

Leytonstone tube station
Leytonstone (/ˈleɪtənstoʊn/) is a London Underground station in Leytonstone, in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, east London, England. It is a stop on the Central line, between Leyton and Snaresbrook (on the direct route towards Epping) or Wanstead (on the Hainault loop towards Woodford) stations. The station is located at the boundary of London fare zone 3 and 4, close to Whipps Cross University Hospital. It is a terminus for some services and returns westbound.
FC Ingolstadt 04
Fußballclub Ingolstadt 04 e. V., commonly known as FC Ingolstadt 04 or FC Ingolstadt, is a German football club based in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. The club was founded in 2004 out of the merger of the football sides of two other clubs:  ESV Ingolstadt-Ringsee 1919 and MTV Ingolstadt 1881.

MTV Ingolstadt
The Männer-Turn-Verein von 1881 Ingolstadt or Men's Gymnastics Club of 1881 Ingolstadt is a general sports club in Ingolstadt, Bavaria. It was founded on 18 July 1881.

Until 2004, the club operated a football department but after a merger with local rival ESV Ingolstadt to form FC Ingolstadt 04 the footballers left for the new club. After a break of a number of years, MTV has returned to competitive football, restarting at the lowest possible level, the C-Klasse, in 2009.
Glenbervie, New Zealand
Glenbervie is a settlement in Northland, New Zealand. The city of Whangārei lies to the southwest, and the localities of Kiripaka and Ngunguru to the northeast. The Glenbervie Forest is north of the settlement.

Whangārei
Whangārei is the northernmost city in New Zealand and the largest settlement of the Northland Region. It is part of the Whangarei District, created in 1989 from the former Whangarei City, Whangarei County and Hikurangi Town councils to administer both the city and its hinterland. The city population was estimated to be 56,100 in June 2025, an increase from 47,000 in 2001.
United States securities regulation
Securities regulation in the United States is the field of U.S. law that covers transactions and other dealings with securities. The term is usually understood to include both federal and state-level regulation by governmental regulatory agencies, but sometimes may also encompass listing requirements of exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange and rules of self-regulatory organizations like the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).

On the federal level, the primary securities regulator is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Futures and some aspects of derivatives are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Understanding and complying with security regulation helps businesses avoid litigation with the SEC, state security commissioners, and private parties. Failing to comply can even result in criminal liability.

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.

The United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the federal government agency that serves as the ultimate regulator of the United States securities industry, including oversight of FINRA.
Haplogroup R1
Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary subclade of Haplogroup R is Haplogroup R2 (R-M479).

Males carrying R-M173 in modern populations appear to comprise two subclades: R1a and R1b, which are found mainly in populations native to Eurasia (except East and Southeast Asia). R-M173 contains the majority of representatives of haplogroup R in the form of its subclades, R1a and R1b (Rosser 2000, Semino 2000).

Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a (R-M420), is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, Siberia and South Asia.

The R1a (R-M420) subclade diverged from R1 (R-M173) 15-25,000 years ago, its subclade M417 (R1a1a1) diversified c. 3,400-5,800 years ago. The place of origin of the subclade plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans.

The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in the R-SRY10831.2 (R1a1) branch leading to R-M17.
Einkorn
Einkorn  (from German Einkorn, literally "single grain") can refer to either a wild species of wheat (Triticum) or a domesticated form of wheat. The wild form is T. boeoticum (syn. T. m. subsp. boeoticum), and the domesticated form is T. monococcum (syn. T. m. subsp. monococcum). Einkorn is a diploid species (2n = 14 chromosomes) of hulled wheat, with tough glumes (husks) that tightly enclose the grains. The cultivated form is similar to the wild, except that the ear stays intact when ripe and the seeds are larger. The domestic form is known as petit épeautre in French, Einkorn in German, "einkorn" or "littlespelt" in English, piccolo farro in Italian and escanda menor in Spanish. The name refers to the fact that each spikelet contains only one grain. Einkorn was one of the first forms of wheat to be cultivated.

Common wheat
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is this species; it is the most widely planted of all crops by area (as of 2009) and the cereal with the highest monetary yield.
Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
Maria Antonia, Princess of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (18 July 1724 – 23 April 1780) was a German princess, composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron of the arts, known particularly for her operas: Il trionfo della fedeltà (“The triumph of fidelity”) and Talestri, regina delle amazoni (“Talestri, queen of the Amazons”). She was Electress of Saxony as the wife of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony. Following the latter's death in 1763, she became the Regent of Saxony for their son Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.

Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony
Frederick Christian (German: Friedrich Christian; 5 September 1722 – 17 December 1763) was the Prince-Elector of Saxony for 73 days in 1763. He was a member of the House of Wettin. He was the third but eldest surviving son of Frederick Augustus II, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (as Augustus III), by his wife, Maria Josepha of Austria.
Berthold, Duke of Merania
Berthold IV (c. 1159 – 12 August 1204), a member of the House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Berthold II). By about 1180/82 he assumed the title of Duke of Merania, referring to the Adriatic seacoast of Kvarner which his ancestors had conquered in the 1060s and annexed to Istria and Carniola.

Duchy of Merania
The Duchy of Merania was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire from 1152 until 1248. The dukes of Merania were recognised as princes of the Empire enjoying imperial immediacy at a time when these concepts were just coming into use to distinguish the highest ranks of imperial nobility.

The name "Merania" ("sea-land") comes from either the High German word for sea, meer or the Slavic word for the same, morje (both cognate with Latin mare). The name literally means "land by the sea" (am Meer), referring to its location on the Adriatic.