hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Family of Barack Obama
The family of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, is a prominent American family active in law, education, activism and politics. Obama's immediate family circle was the first family of the United States from 2009 to 2017 during Obama's presidency, and are the first such family of African-American descent. His immediate family includes his wife Michelle Obama and daughters Malia and Sasha. Obama's wider ancestry is made up of people of Luo Kenyan, African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scots-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry.

Marian Robinson
Marian Lois Robinson (née Shields; July 30, 1937 – May 31, 2024) was the mother of Michelle Obama, former first lady of the United States, and Craig Robinson, a basketball executive. She was the mother-in-law of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States.  She worked as a secretary and executive assistant before and after raising her children with her husband, Fraser Robinson, in Chicago.  In retirement, she moved to the White House during her son-in-law's presidency, where she helped raise her grandchildren.
Clatsop Mission
The Clatsop Mission was an outpost of the Methodist Mission near modern Astoria, Oregon, United States. Joseph H. Frost and his family was sent to the Clatsop Plains at the mouth of the Columbia River in 1841. Frustrated at his inability to convert the local Clatsop and Nehalem people, Frost took his family and left the area in August 1843. Josiah Parrish was appointed as his replacement, working at the station until its closure the following year in 1844.

Josiah Lamberson Parrish
Reverend Josiah Lamberson Parrish (January 14, 1806 – May 31, 1895) was an American missionary in the Pacific Northwest and trustee of the Oregon Institute at its founding. A native of New York, he also participated in the Champoeg Meetings that led to the formation of the Provisional Government of Oregon in 1843. Parrish was married three times and was the first breeder of pure-bred sheep in Oregon.
Townsend Harris
Townsend Harris (October 4, 1804 – February 25, 1878) was an American merchant and politician who served as the first United States Consul General to Japan. He negotiated the Harris Treaty between the US and Japan and is credited as the diplomat who first opened Shogunate Japan to foreign trade and culture in the Edo period.

Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States–Japan)
The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States (日米修好通商条約, Nichibei Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku), also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate, which opened the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the USS Powhatan in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858.
Bahodirjon Sultonov
Bahodirjon Sooltonov (Баходирджон Султанов; born January 15, 1985, in Andijan) is an Uzbekistani boxer who competed in the bantamweight (54 kg) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics and won the bronze medal.

Guillermo Rigondeaux
Guillermo Rigondeaux Ortiz (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡiˈʎeɾmo riɣonˈdo oɾˈtiθ]; born 30 September 1980) is a Cuban professional boxer, who held the unified WBA (Super), WBO and Ring magazine super bantamweight titles between 2013 and 2017, and the WBA (Regular) bantamweight title from 2020 to 2021.

As amateur Rigondeaux won consecutive gold medals in the bantamweight division at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. He is also a seven-time Cuban national champion at bantamweight (2000–2006), finishing his amateur career with a record of about 475 fights with 12 losses.

Rigondeaux has been lauded by boxing trainer Freddie Roach as being "probably the greatest talent I've ever seen." He is known for his exceptionally fast hand speed, punching power, counterpunching abilities, athleticism, reflexes and footwork. He is widely considered one of the greatest defensive boxers of all time.
Chief Mqalo
Chief Mbuso Alphin Mqalo  (10 October 1916 – 1 August 2008) was the chief of the Amakhuze Tribe in Alice, South Africa and the oldest chief of the Rharhabe Kingdom. His reign was from the early 1960s to 2006.

In 1973, he became a member of the Ciskei National Assembly (Parliament) as a member of the ruling party, the Ciskei National Independent Party (CNIP). On the 17 May 1976, he became a member of the Ciskei cabinet for the position of Minister of Justice. In 1977, he was elected to Minister of Health and after 1978, when Ciskei became a one-party state, he became the Whip of the CNIP. During his term as Minister of Health he was prominent in the renaming of the Mdantsane Hospital to the Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, to commemorate Cecilia Makiwane, the first Black nurse in South Africa. In 1978 he was a director of CTC Bus Company Ltd.

Alice, South Africa
Alice, also known as Dikeni, is a small town on the R63 road in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, adjacent to the Tyhume River. It is named after Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, the second daughter of the British Queen Victoria. In 1824, the town was settled by British Colonists. It forms part of Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality.
POWER1
The POWER1 is a multi-chip CPU developed and fabricated by IBM that implemented the POWER instruction set architecture (ISA). It was originally known as the RISC System/6000 CPU or, when in an abbreviated form, the RS/6000 CPU, before introduction of successors required the original name to be replaced with one that used the same naming scheme (POWERn) as its successors in order to differentiate it from the newer designs.

IBM POWER architecture
IBM POWER is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by IBM. The name is an acronym for Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC.

The ISA was used for high-end IBM microprocessors during the early 1990s and were used in many of IBM's servers, minicomputers, workstations, and supercomputers. These processors are called POWER1 (RIOS-1, RIOS.9, RSC, RAD6000) and POWER2 (POWER2, POWER2+ and P2SC).

The ISA evolved into the PowerPC instruction set architecture and was itself deprecated in 1998, when IBM introduced the POWER3 processor that was mainly a 32/64-bit PowerPC processor but included IBM POWER architecture features for backwards compatibility. The original IBM POWER architecture was then abandoned. PowerPC evolved again into the Power ISA in 2006.

IBM continues to develop PowerPC microprocessor cores for use in their application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) offerings. Many high volume applications embed PowerPC cores.
Steins, New Mexico
Steins is a ghost town in Stein's Pass of Hidalgo County, New Mexico.  It was originally called Stein's Pass after the nearby pass through the Peloncillo Mountains (Hidalgo County). The pass was named after United States Army Major Enoch Steen, who camped nearby in 1856, as he explored the recently acquired Gadsden Purchase.

Enoch Steen
Enoch Steen (February 22, 1800 – January 22, 1880) was a United States military officer and western explorer. He joined the United States Army in 1832, serving at posts throughout the United States, including many remote locations in the west. During his military service, Steen explored parts of the western United States including large areas of southern New Mexico and southeastern Oregon. He served as the commander of several Union Army forts during the American Civil War. Today, there are landmarks in Oklahoma, Oregon, and New Mexico named in his honor; however, many of the place names are misspelled as Stein.
Spectrum (band)
Spectrum are an Australian progressive rock band which formed in April 1969 and broke up in April 1973. The original line-up was Mark Kennedy on drums, Lee Neale on organ (ex-Nineteen87), Bill Putt on bass guitar (ex-Lost Souls), and Mike Rudd on guitar and lead vocals (ex-Chants R&B, The Party Machine). In August 1970 Kennedy was replaced by Ray Arnott on drums. These members also performed under the alter ego, Indelible Murtceps, from 1971 to 1973. Spectrum had a number-one hit, "I'll Be Gone" (January 1971), on the Go-Set National Top 60 singles chart. After Spectrum and Indelible Murtceps disbanded, Putt and Rudd formed Ariel. In 1999 the pair formed Spectrum Plays the Blues, which later trimmed their name back to Spectrum. On 7 August 2013 Bill Putt died, after a heart attack.

I'll Be Gone (Spectrum song)
"I'll Be Gone" or "Some Day I'll Have Money" is a song by Australian progressive rock group Spectrum released as their debut single by EMI on Harvest Records in January 1971. It peaked at #1 on the national singles chart, while it reached Top 5 in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane. The song was written by guitarist and vocalist Mike Rudd, and produced by Howard Gable. The B-side, "Launching Place Part Two" was written to promote a music festival. Spectrum never repeated the success of "I'll Be Gone".
Scilla luciliae
Scilla luciliae is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. It is referred to by the common names Bossier's glory-of-the-snow or Lucile's glory-of-the-snow, and is a bulbous perennial from western Turkey that flowers in early spring. After flowering, it goes into dormancy until the next spring. The specific epithet is in honour of Lucile, the wife of the Swiss botanist Pierre Edmond Boissier (1810-1885). It belongs to a group of Scilla species that were formerly put in a separate genus, Chionodoxa, and may now be treated as Scilla sect. Chionodoxa.

Scilla sect. Chionodoxa
Scilla section Chionodoxa, known as glory-of-the-snow, is a small group of bulbous perennial flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. Formerly treated as the separate genus Chionodoxa, they are now included in Scilla as a section. The section is endemic to the eastern Mediterranean, specifically Crete, Cyprus and Turkey. The blue, white or pink flowers appear early in the year making them valuable garden ornamentals. The common name of the group is based on the habit of flowering in high alpine zones when the snow melts in spring.
Željko Vasiljević
Željko Vasiljević (Serbian Cyrillic: Жељко Васиљевић; born 25 May 1963) is a Serbian politician and military veterans' representative. He is a longtime president of the Association of Disabled Veterans of Serbia of All Wars and leader of the Movement of Veterans of Serbia (PVS).

Vasiljević served in the Serbian national assembly from 2007 to 2008 in the parliamentary group of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) and was a state secretary in the Serbian government from 2008 to 2009.

Movement of Veterans of Serbia
The Movement of Veterans of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Покрет ветерана Србије, romanized: Pokret veterana Srbije, PVS) is a Serbian veterans advocacy group and former political party founded in 2002. From 2008 to 2010, it was known as the Party of Veterans of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Партија ветерана Србије, romanized: Partija veterana Srbije, also abbreviated as PVS). After resuming its original name in 2010, the PVS largely ceased to operate as a political party.

Two delegates from the PVS served in the National Assembly of Serbia. Željko Vasiljević, who became party leader in 2005, was a parliamentarian from February 2007 to August 2008, when he resigned to become a state secretary in the government of Serbia. His replacement in the assembly was Saša Dujović. Both served in the parliamentary group of the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS). In December 2008, Dujović left the PVS to form the breakaway Movement of Veterans (PV).
Hope (NF album)
Hope is the fifth studio album by American rapper NF, released on April 7, 2023 through Capitol Music, Caroline Records, NF Real Music, and Virgin Music. It was preceded by two singles: "Hope" and "Motto", with the third single "Happy" coinciding with the album. It features guest appearances from Cordae and Julia Michaels. NF later announced a 47-stop world tour on March 30, 2023, in support of the album, with the former as a special guest. It is his first studio album in four years since 2019's  The Search, and his first project in two years since 2021's Clouds (The Mixtape).

Hope (NF song)
"Hope" is a song by American rapper NF, released on February 16, 2023, as the lead single from his fifth studio album of the same name. Written with Tommee Profitt, the two produced it with Jeff Sojka.

In 2025, the song became popular in the niche sport of the arts circuit Winter Guard International. With various groups ranging from A Class to World Class using the song as their soundtrack for the season.
Laminitis
Laminitis is a disease of the feet of ungulates, found mostly in horses and cattle involving inflammation of the laminae. Clinical signs include foot tenderness progressing to inability to walk, increased digital pulses, and increased temperature in the hooves. Severe cases with outwardly visible clinical signs are known by the colloquial term founder, and progression of the disease will lead to perforation of the coffin bone through the sole of the hoof or being unable to stand up, often requiring euthanasia.

Lameness (equine)
Lameness is an abnormal gait or stance of an animal that is the result of dysfunction of the locomotor system. In the horse, it is most commonly caused by pain, but can be due to neurologic or mechanical dysfunction. Lameness is a common veterinary problem in racehorses, sport horses, and pleasure horses. It is one of the most costly health problems for the equine industry, both monetarily for the cost of diagnosis and treatment, and for the cost of time off resulting in loss-of-use.
Longdendale Chain
The Longdendale Chain is a sequence of six reservoirs on the River Etherow in the Longdendale Valley, in northern Derbyshire. They were constructed between 1848 and 1884 to a design by John Frederick Bateman to supply the growing population of Manchester and Salford with fresh water.

The top three reservoirs (Woodhead, Torside and Rhodeswood) and Arnfield are for drinking water, and the lower reservoirs (Valehouse and Bottoms) are used as compensation reservoirs to maintain the downstream flow of the river. There was originally a seventh – Hollingworth Reservoir – which was abandoned in 1990, and has become part of the Swallows Wood nature reserve.

Water flowed by gravity through the Mottram Tunnel to the Godley covered reservoir where it drops to the service reservoirs at Denton, Audenshaw, Gorton and Prestwich.

Woodhead Reservoir
Woodhead reservoir is a man-made lake near the hamlet of Woodhead in Longdendale in north Derbyshire, England. It was constructed by John Frederick Bateman between 1847 and June 1877 as part of the Longdendale Chain of reservoirs to supply water from the River Etherow to the urban areas of Greater Manchester. It is at the top of the chain of reservoirs and was the first to be started, though, due to construction problems, it was the last to be completed.
Diachrony and synchrony
Synchrony and diachrony are two complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach – from Ancient Greek: συν- ('together') + χρόνος ('time') – considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. In contrast, a diachronic – from δια- ('through, across') + χρόνος ('time') – approach, as in historical linguistics, considers the development and evolution of a language through history.

For example, a synchronic study of Middle English would focus on understanding how the language functioned at a given stage in its history. A diachronic approach, by contrast, studies language change by comparing different stages at different historical periods. The terms synchrony and diachrony are often associated with the historical linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, who considered the synchronic perspective as systematic but argued that language change is too unpredictable to be considered a system.

Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical linguistics involves several key areas of study, including the reconstruction of ancestral languages, the classification of languages into families, (comparative linguistics) and the analysis of the cultural and social influences on language development.

This field is grounded in the uniformitarian principle, which posits that the processes of language change observed today were also at work in the past, unless there is clear evidence to suggest otherwise. Historical linguists aim to describe and explain changes in individual languages, explore the history of speech communities, and study the origins and meanings of words (etymology).
Coldspring, New York
Coldspring (Seneca: Jo:negano:h) is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census it had a population of 661. It is located in the southwest part of the county, west of the city of Salamanca.

Salamanca (town), New York
Salamanca is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States. The population was 470 at the 2020 census. The name is from José de Salamanca y Mayol, Marquis of Salamanca, a major Spanish investor in the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, a local railroad.

The town of Salamanca is in the south part of the county. The city of Salamanca, located within the Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation of Indians, bisects the town.
Ippolito d'Este
Ippolito (I) d'Este (Hungarian: Estei Hippolit; 20 March 1479 – 3 September 1520) was an Italian cardinal, and Archbishop of Esztergom. He was a member of the ducal House of Este of Ferrara, and was usually referred to as the Cardinal of Ferrara. Though a bishop of five separate dioceses, he was never consecrated a bishop. He spent much of his time supporting the ducal house of Ferrara and negotiating on their behalf with the Pope.

Alfonso I d'Este
Alfonso I d'Este (21 July 1476 – 31 October 1534) was Duke of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio from 1505 until his death in 1534. A prominent military leader during the Italian Wars, he served on various sides throughout the conflict. Renowned for his innovations in the use of artillery, he earned the nickname Duca Artigliere ("Artilleryman Duke").
Gloomhaven
Gloomhaven is a cooperative board game for one to four players designed by Isaac Childres and published by Cephalofair Games in 2017. It is a campaign-based dungeon crawl game including a narrative campaign, 95 unique playable scenarios, and 17 playable classes. Since its introduction the game has been acclaimed by reviewers, and has been described as one of the best board games ever made.

Dungeon crawl
A dungeon crawl is a type of scenario in fantasy role-playing games (RPGs) in which heroes navigate a labyrinth environment (a "dungeon"), battling various monsters, avoiding traps, solving puzzles, and looting any treasure they may find. Video games and board games which predominantly feature dungeon crawl elements are considered to be a genre.
Kelham
Kelham is a small village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England. It is about 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Newark on a bend in the A617 road near its crossing of the River Trent. The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 207, falling slightly to 203 at the 2021 census.

River Trent
The Trent, the third-longest river in the United Kingdom, has its source in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. It flows through and drains the North Midlands into the Humber Estuary. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past have often caused the river to change course.

The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Staffordshire, Rugeley, Burton-upon-Trent, Nottingham, Newark-on-Trent and Gainsborough before joining the Yorkshire Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. The wide Humber estuary has often been characterised as the boundary between the Midlands and Northern England ("The North").
Ovacık District, Karabük
Ovacık District is a district of the Karabük Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Ovacık. Its area is 398 km2, and its population is 3,731 (2022). It is the smallest district in Karabük Province, both by area and by population.

Ovacık, Karabük
Ovacık is a town in Karabük Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Ovacık District. Its population is 573 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of 1,100 m (3,609 ft). It was a town in Çerkeş District between 1923-1957 and was a district town in Çankırı Province between 1957 and 1995.
Yoshiki Kato
Yoshiki Kato (加藤良輝, Katō Yoshiki) is a Japanese professional wrestler signed to Dragongate where he is one third of the current Open the Triangle Gate Champions in his second reign. He seldomly competes in promotions from the Japanese independent scene.

Ishin Iihashi
Ishin Iihashi (飯橋 偉進, Iihashi Ishin) mononymously known by his ring name Ishin (stylized as ISHIN) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently signed to the Japanese promotion Dragongate where he is a former Open the Triangle and Open the Brave Gate Champion.
National Electoral Roll Purification and Authentication Programme
National Electoral Roll Purification and Authentication Programme (NERPAP) is voter registration project of the Election Commission of India. It will link the Elector's Photo Identity Card (EPIC) with the Aadhaar number of the registered voter. It aims to create an error-free voter identification system in India, especially by removing duplications. The project was launched on 3 March 2015.

On 11 August 2015, the Supreme Court of India passed an interim order regarding the Aadhaar project, which caused the NERPAP to be put on hold.

Aadhaar
Aadhaar is a twelve-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India based on their place of residence, biometrics and demographic data. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority established in January 2016 by the  Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, following the provisions of the Aadhaar Act, 2016.

Applicants to Aadhaar receive an Aadhaar UID Card/UID Card, that can be utilzed to identify a resident of India. As of May 2023, more than 99.9% of India's adult population had been issued Aadhaar IDs, making it  the world's largest biometric ID system

Considered a proof of residence and not a proof of citizenship, Aadhaar does not itself grant any right to domicile in India, or can be used as an identification document for international travel.
Mayor of Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
The Mayor of Woodbridge Township is the official head and chief executive officer of Woodbridge Township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, U.S. The mayor serves a four-year term. On June 29, 2006, incumbent mayor Frank Pelzman died of cancer, leading to the appointment of state senator Joe Vitale as interim mayor. Former state treasurer John McCormac was won a special election for the office in November 2006 and has since been reelected in 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019.

Joe F. Vitale
Joseph F. Vitale (born November 10, 1954) is an American Democratic Party politician, who has been serving in the New Jersey State Senate since 1998, where he represents the 19th Legislative District. He is also the former Mayor of Woodbridge Township, having been elected by the Township Council in July 2006 to fill a temporary vacancy, following the death of Mayor Frank Pelzman.  Senator Vitale came to the Senate in 1998 filling a vacancy created when Jim McGreevey stepped down from his seat as part of his ultimately unsuccessful bid for election as Governor of New Jersey in 1997. Vitale attended John F. Kennedy Memorial High School in Woodbridge Township.