hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Carolina Rediviva
Carolina Rediviva is a part of Uppsala University Library in Uppsala, Sweden. The building was begun in 1820 and completed in 1841. The original architect was Carl Fredrik Sundvall. Later additions to the building have been designed by Axel Johan Anderberg and Peter Celsing. The name, literally "Carolina Revived", was given in remembrance of the old Academia Carolina building, which had functioned as the university library for most of the 18th century (see Uppsala University Library). Carolina Rediviva is the oldest and largest university library building in the country. It is also the site where the Codex Argenteus and the Cancionero de Upsala are kept.

Uppsala University Library
The Uppsala University Library (Swedish: Uppsala universitetsbibliotek) at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, consists of 11 subject libraries, one of which is housed in the old main library building, Carolina Rediviva. The library holds books and periodicals, manuscripts, musical scores, pictures, and maps.
John Welsh of Irongray
John Michael Welsh of Irongray (c. 1624–1681) was a leader of the Scottish Covenanter movement. Dunlop, an early 20th century writer, says: "It is a noteworthy fact that there exists no memoir of John Welsh of Irongray, though from the Battle of Rullion Green till Bothwell Bridge he was the most conspicuous Covenanting minister in Scotland. Had he glorified God in the Grassmarket, or fallen in some scuffle with Claverhouse's dragoons, or even like his friend Blackadder of Troqueer languished in prison on the Bass Rock, some pious hand would have been moved to write his story." Dunlop also wrote: "The events of Welsh's life must be sought for in the pages of Wodrow and Kirkton and in the letters and State papers of the reign of Charles II. After spending a fortnight hunting him in the British Museum, I have come to sympathise with Clavers and his dragoons. Mr John Welsh is a most elusive gentleman."

Battle of Rullion Green
The Battle of Rullion Green took place on 28 November 1666, near the Pentland Hills, in Midlothian, Scotland. It was the only significant battle of the Pentland Rising, a brief revolt by Covenanter dissidents against the Scottish government.

Sparked by opposition to the restoration of episcopalianism in the Church of Scotland, a Covenanter army under Colonel James Wallace was defeated by a government force led by Tam Dalyell of the Binns.

While casualties were relatively light, between 40 and 50 Covenanters were killed and up to 85 prisoners taken, many of whom were alleged to have been tortured. 36 were executed and others transported to Barbados, while unrest continued over the next two decades, culminating in the extended period of repression from 1679 to 1688 known as The Killing Time.
North West Province, Sierra Leone
The North West Province, (Krio: Nɔt Wɛst Prɔvins) also known as North Western Province (Krio: Nɔt Wɛstɛn Prɔvins), covers the northwestern part of the West African state of Sierra Leone. It is one of the five administrative regions of Sierra Leone. The province was created in 2017 from the Northern Province. The three districts of Kambia,  Karene and Port Loko make up the  North Western Province of Sierra Leone. The province has a total of 34 Chiefdoms and a population of 1,162,065 inhabitants (as of 2017). The administrative capital of the North West province is Port Loko.

Northern Province, Sierra Leone
The Northern Province (Krio: Nɔtan Prɔvins) (commonly referred to as Northern Sierra Leone or simply the North) is one of the five provincial divisions of Sierra Leone. It is located in the Northern geographic region of Sierra Leone. It comprises the following four Districts: Bombali, Falaba, Koinadugu and Tonkolili. The Northern Province has been divided into two Provinces Northwestern Province and Northern Province, today Northern Province covers an area of 22,538 km2 (8,702 sq mi) with a population of 1,316,831, based on the 2021 Sierra Leone national census. It is by far the largest Province of Sierra-Leone and also the least densely populated Province of the country Its administrative and economic center is Makeni. The North borders the North West Province to the West, the Republic of Guinea to the north-east, the Eastern Province and Southern Province to the south-east.
CT Transit Hartford
CT Hartford is the largest division of Connecticut Transit, providing service on 43 local routes, 5 "flyer" limited stop routes and 18 express routes in 27 towns of Hartford County, including Bloomfield, East Hartford, Farmington, Glastonbury, Manchester, Middletown, Newington, New Britain, Rocky Hill, South Windsor, West Hartford, Wethersfield and Windsor, in addition to Hartford. Service is provided seven days a week in the region, with routes centered on Hartford. The Hartford Division provides connections with local routes in Bristol and New Britain.

Since 1979, the Hartford, New Haven and Stamford divisions of CTtransit have been operated by First Transit.

CT Transit New Haven
CT New Haven is the second largest division of Connecticut Transit, providing service on 24 routes in 19 towns within the Greater New Haven and Lower Naugatuck River Valley areas, with connections to other CT Transit routes in Waterbury and Meriden, as well as connections to systems in Milford and Bridgeport at the Connecticut Post Mall.

Since 1979, the Hartford, New Haven, and Stamford divisions of CT Transit have been operated by First Transit. Service is operated seven days a week on 24 routes.
Doorman (character)
DeMarr Davis is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer and artist John Byrne, the character first appeared in West Coast Avengers #46 (July 1989). Davis belongs to the subspecies of humans called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. He is known under the codename Doorman. Following his death, he was resurrected by the entity Oblivion to serve as an Angel of Death, granting him new abilities. In addition to his portal-based powers, he gained flight, teleportation, and the ability to create objects using Darkforce energy. The character has also been a member of the Great Lakes Avengers at various points in his history.

DeMarr Davis made his live-action debut in the Disney+ original series Wonder Man (2026), set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and was portrayed by Byron Bowers.

Great Lakes Avengers
The Great Lakes Avengers (also known as The Lightning Rods, The Great Lakes X-Men, The Great Lakes Champions, and The Great Lakes Initiative) are a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters were introduced in West Coast Avengers #46 (July 1989), and were created by John Byrne.
AVIDAC
The AVIDAC or Argonne Version of the Institute's Digital Automatic Computer, an early computer built by Argonne National Laboratory, was partially based on the IAS architecture developed by John von Neumann. It was built by the Laboratory's Physics Division for $250,000 and began operations on January 28, 1953.

As with almost all computers of its era, it was a one-of-a-kind machine that could not exchange programs with other computers (even other IAS machines).

IAS machine
The IAS machine was the first electronic computer built at the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) in Princeton, New Jersey. It is sometimes called the von Neumann machine, since the paper describing its design was edited by John von Neumann, a mathematics professor at both Princeton University and IAS. The computer was built under his direction, starting in 1946 and finished in 1951.
The general organization is called von Neumann architecture, even though it was both conceived and implemented by others.  The computer is in the collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of American History but is not currently on display.
Lawrence McEnerney
Lawrence McEnerney is director emeritus of the University of Chicago Writing Program.  For four decades, he was part of the "Little Red Schoolhouse" program, a ten-week course in academic and professional writing originally developed by Joseph M. Williams and Gregory G. Colomb.  McEnerney received the Quantrell Award in 1997 for his excellence in teaching.

Joseph M. Williams
Joseph M. Williams (18 August 1933 in Cleveland, Ohio – 22 February 2008 in South Haven, Michigan) was a professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago where he promoted clarity in writing for many years.  He authored several books on language and writing.
Surprise (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
"Surprise" is episode 13 of season two of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It was written by Marti Noxon and first broadcast on The WB on January 19, 1998. "Surprise" is part one of a two-part story. Part two, "Innocence,"  was broadcast the next day.

Innocence (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
"Innocence" is episode 14 of season two of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. It was written and directed by Joss Whedon and first broadcast on The WB on January 20, 1998. It is part two of a two-part story. Part 1, "Surprise," was broadcast the day before.

"Innocence" is one of the most critically acclaimed and highest rated episodes in the series, attracting 8.2 million viewers as the series moved from its Monday timeslot to Tuesday.
Tauberbischofsheim
Tauberbischofsheim (German pronunciation: [taʊbɐˈbɪʃɔfshaɪm] ⓘ) is a German town in the north-east of Baden-Württemberg on the river Tauber with a population of about 13,200. It is the capital of the Main-Tauber district. It is a popular tourist destination due to its numerous historical buildings, including substantial remains of the medieval town fortifications.

Tauberbischofsheim is also known for its fencers, who have won several Olympic medals and world championships.

Main-Tauber-Kreis
Main-Tauber-Kreis is a Landkreis (district) in the northeast of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from northwest clockwise) Miltenberg, Main-Spessart, Würzburg, Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim and Ansbach (all in Bavaria), and the districts of Schwäbisch Hall, Hohenlohe and Neckar-Odenwald.
Francis Libermann
Francis Mary Paul Libermann (French: François-Marie-Paul Libermann; born Jacob Libermann; 12 April 1802 – 2 February 1852) was a French Jewish convert to Catholicism and a Spiritan priest. He is best known for founding the Society of the Holy Heart of Mary, which later merged with the Spiritans. He is often referred to as "The Second Founder of the Spiritans". He was declared venerable in the Catholic Church on 1 June 1876, by Pope Pius IX.

Congregation of the Holy Spirit
The Congregation of the Holy Spirit (officially the Congregation of the Holy Spirit under the protection of the Immaculate Heart of the Virgin Mary; Latin: Congregatio Sancti Spiritus sub tutela Immaculati Cordis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae) is a religious congregation for men in the Catholic Church. Members are often known as Holy Ghost Fathers or, in continental Europe and the Anglosphere, as Spiritans, and members use the postnominals CSSp.
Null semigroup
In mathematics, a null semigroup (also called a zero semigroup) is a semigroup with an absorbing element, called zero, in which the product of any two elements is zero. If every element of a semigroup is a left zero then the semigroup is called a left zero semigroup; a right zero semigroup is defined analogously.

According to A. H. Clifford and G. B. Preston, "In spite of their triviality, these semigroups arise naturally in a number of investigations."

Absorbing element
In mathematics, an absorbing element (or annihilating element) is a special type of element of a set with respect to a binary operation on that set.  The result of combining an absorbing element with any element of the set is the absorbing element itself. In semigroup theory, the absorbing element is called a zero element because there is no risk of confusion with other notions of zero, with the notable exception: under additive notation zero may, quite naturally, denote the neutral element of a monoid. In this article "zero element" and "absorbing element" are synonymous.
Matarraña
Matarraña (Spanish: [mataˈraɲa]) or Matarranya (Catalan: [mataˈraɲa]) is a comarca in eastern Aragon, bordering the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and Valencia. It is located in Teruel Province, in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area.

Its capital is Valderrobres, and it borders the Aragonese comarques of Bajo Aragón-Caspe/Baix Aragó-Casp, and Bajo Aragón, the Catalan comarques of Terra Alta, Baix Ebre, and Montsià, and the Valencian comarques of Baix Maestrat and Ports.

This comarca is named after the Matarranya River flowing through it. It belongs to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja.

Bajo Aragón
Bajo Aragón (Spanish: [ˈbaxo aɾaˈɣon]; Aragonese: Baxo Aragón; Catalan: Baix Aragó), or Lower Aragon, is an administrative comarca in eastern central Aragon, Spain. It was first established in 1999. It has a population of 29,358 (2007) and an area of 1.304,2 km2. The seat of the comarca is in Alcañiz. It is located in Teruel Province, in the transitional area between the Iberian System and the Ebro Valley.

The municipalities of Aguaviva, Belmonte de San José, La Cañada de Verich, La Cerollera, La Codoñera, La Ginebrosa and Torrevelilla belong to the Catalan-speaking strip in eastern Aragon known as La Franja.
Doddington, Cheshire
Doddington is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of  Cheshire, England, which lies to the north east of Audlem and to the south of Crewe. Nearby villages include Blakenhall, Bridgemere, Checkley, Hatherton, Walgherton and Wybunbury. The A51 runs north–south through the parish.

In 2001, the civil parish had a population of 44. At the 2011 census the population remained less than 100. Details are included in the civil parish of Plumley.

Blakenhall, Cheshire
Blakenhall is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Doddington and District, in the unitary authority area of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, about 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Nantwich. It lies on the county boundary with Staffordshire. The parish has an area of 654 hectares (1,620 acres) and also includes the small settlements of The Den and Gonsley Green, with a total population of 125 in 2001. Nearby villages include Wybunbury in Cheshire and Betley and Wrinehill in Staffordshire. Blakenhall was first recorded in the Domesday survey as Blachenhale, and the parish had one of Cheshire's early ironworks in the 17th and 18th centuries. The area is rural and predominantly agricultural, with small areas of ancient woodland and the nature reserve of Blakenhall Moss, a rejuvenating lowland raised bog. The Crewe-to-Stafford railway line runs through the parish and it is on the  proposed route of HS2.
Les Préludes
Les préludes ("Preludes" or "The Beginnings"), S.97, is the third of Franz Liszt's thirteen symphonic poems. The music was composed between 1845 and 1854, and began as an overture to Liszt's choral cycle Les quatre élémens (The Four Elements), then revised as a stand-alone concert overture, with a new title referring to a poem by Alphonse de Lamartine.
Its premiere was on 23 February 1854, conducted by Liszt himself. The score was published in 1856 by Breitkopf & Härtel. Les préludes is the earliest example of an orchestral work entitled "Symphonic Poem" (German: Symphonische Dichtung or French: Poème symphonique).

Les Quatre Élémens
Les Quatre Élémens (The Four Elements), S.80, is a cycle of four choral pieces by Franz Liszt, to words by Joseph Autran. The cycle was composed in 1844–48, originally with piano accompaniment, later orchestrated. The title is an allusion to the Ancient Greek elements: earth, air, water, and fire. As an afterthought, Liszt composed an overture for the cycle in 1849–50, but this was instead revised to become his symphonic poem Les Préludes.
CDC Geelong
CDC Geelong, formerly known as Benders Busways, is a bus company operating in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, with routes as well as charters. It is a subsidiary of CDC Victoria, in turn a subsidiary of ComfortDelGro Australia, in turn a subsidiary of Singapore-based ComfortDelGro.

ComfortDelGro Australia
ComfortDelGro Australia is a major Australian public transport company and a wholly owned subsidiary of Singapore-listed company ComfortDelGro. Founded in October 2005 as ComfortDelGro Cabcharge, a joint venture between ComfortDelGro (51%) and Australian-listed Cabcharge (49%), it became fully owned by ComfortDelGro in 2017. It operates public transport, taxi and patient transport services nationwide across Australia, except in the states of Tasmania and South Australia.
Treasure Mountain!
Treasure Mountain! is an educational video game published by The Learning Company in 1990 for DOS, Windows and Macintosh. It teaches children aged five to nine reading, basic math, and logic skills. Treasure Mountain is the third installment of the Super Seekers series.

The Learning Company
The Learning Company (TLC) was an American educational software company founded in 1980 in Palo Alto, California and headquartered in Fremont, California. The company produced a grade-based line of learning software, edutainment games, and productivity tools. Its titles included the flagship series Reader Rabbit, for preschoolers through second graders, and The ClueFinders, for more advanced students. The company was also known for publishing licensed educational titles featuring characters such as Arthur, The Powerpuff Girls, SpongeBob SquarePants and Sesame Street.

In December 1995, the company was acquired by SoftKey in a hostile takeover bid, at which point SoftKey assumed the Learning Company name and brand.
FC Utrecht (women)
FC Utrecht Vrouwen is a Dutch women's football club based in Utrecht. Established in 2007, as one of the founding members of the professional Eredivisie. The team competed in the Eredivisie from its inaugural season of 2007–08 until 2011–12 and then in the BeNe League, made of up Belgian and Dutch teams, from 2012–13 until the team's dissolution in January 2014. Before its dissolution, the club won the Dutch Cup once and the Dutch Women's Super Cup once.The club rejoined the Eredivisie beginning in the 2023–24 season.

Eredivisie (women)
The Vrouwen Eredivisie (pronounced [ˈvrɑu̯ən ˈeːrədiˌvizi]; Dutch for "Women's Honour Division"; known as the Eredivisie Vrouwen before 2020), also known as the Eurojackpot Vrouwen Eredivisie due to a sponsorship contract, is the highest women's football league in the Netherlands. Organised by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB), it was established in 2007 as a professional league and played for five seasons until 2012, when the Netherlands and Belgium merged their leagues into a single combined league, the BeNe League. After three seasons, the BeNe League folded, and the Eredivisie restarted in the 2015–16 season. The top two Eredivisie teams each year qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League. The third place team qualifies for the UEFA Women's Europa Cup.
Coomb (unit)
A coomb is a measure of volume. Its exact original details are not known. In 13th century England it was defined as 4 bushels (~140 L). It was in use in Norfolk as a dry measure: "Ben sold my Wheat to the Marlingford Miller this Morning for 19 shillings per Coomb" – Parson Woodforde's Diary, 20 May 1786. The 4-bushel bag was the standard international shipping unit for grain, and the coomb was in common use in farming in Norfolk and Suffolk until well after the end of World War II, in fact for as long as grain was handled in sacks, a practice which ended with the introduction of combine harvesters which had bulk grain tanks.

Yields were referred to in coombs per acre. A coomb was 16 stone (100 kg) for barley and 18 stone (110 kg) for wheat.
The US grain markets quote prices as cents per bushel, and a US bushel of grain is about 61 lb (28 kg), which would approximately correspond to the 4-bushel coomb (4 × 61 lb = 244 lb ≈ 111 kg).

Bushel
A bushel (abbreviation: bsh. or bu.) is an imperial and US customary unit of volume, based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat: in modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushels denoting a mass defined differently for each commodity.

The name "bushel" is also used to translate similar units in other measurement systems.
Hari Rasu
Hari Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 5, is a zone in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Stretching along the eastern base of the Ethiopian Highlands, this zone is bordered on the south and east by Gabi Rasu, on the west by the Amhara Region, and on the north by Awsi Rasu.

This Zone covers most of the area governed by the Afar Hari Rasu.
Hari Rasu Administrative Zone Divided in to Five Woredas, Such us.

Hadale'ela District

Dawe District

Talalak District

Dalefage District

Samurobi District

Mahi Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 6, is a zone in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. Stretching along the eastern base of the Ethiopian Highlands, this zone is bordered on the east Djibouti by south Gabi Rasu, on the west by the Hari Rasu, and on the north by Awsi Rasu.
This Zone covers most of the area governed by the Afar Hari Rasu.

Mahi Rasu Administrative Zone Divided in to Five Woredas, Such us.

Garani District

Kilalu District

Yangudi District

Sibaybi District

Ada Ado District

Awsi Rasu
Awsi Rasu, also known as Administrative Zone 1, is a zone in the Afar Region of Ethiopia. This zone is bordered on the south by Gabi Rasu, on the southwest by Hari Rasu, on the west by the Amhara Region, on the northwest by Fantí Rasu, on the north by Kilbet Rasu, on the northeast by Eritrea, and on the east by Djibouti.

The largest town in Awsi Rasu is Asayita. Rivers in this Zone include the Awash and its tributaries the Mille and Logiya Rivers. There are a chain of six interconnected lakes in this Zone, fed by the Awash: from north to south they are Gargori, Laitali, Gummare, Bario and Lake Abbe (or Abhe Bad).
F. A. Brockhaus AG
F. A. Brockhaus AG was a German book publishing firm founded by Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus. It was best known for its eponymous encyclopedia and other renown bedrock brands for lexical functional grammar such as Duden, Meyers or the Harenberg Lexikon-Verlag and Kunstverlag Weingarten. Its legal successor is the company Bibliographisches Institut & F. A. Brockhaus AG.

The publicly traded company was eventually divested through fundamental asset-stripping after rights of the renown Brockhaus brand, including rights for its online presence and Meyers Online, were sold off to Bertelsmann subsidiary Arvato, following a stock take-over through majority stakeholder Cornelsen Verlag. The remaining book publisher and legal successor, which has completely withdrawn from any lexical functional grammar or reference-works business fields, now operates under the name Bibliographisches Institut GmbH.

Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
The Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (German for Brockhaus Encyclopedia) is a German-language encyclopedia which until 2009 was published by the F. A. Brockhaus printing house.

The first edition originated in the Conversations-Lexikon published by Renatus Gotthelf Löbel and Franke in Leipzig 1796–1808. Renamed Der Große Brockhaus in 1928 and Brockhaus Enzyklopädie from 1966, the 21st thirty-volume edition contains about 300,000 entries on about 24,000 pages, with about 40,000 maps, graphics and tables. It is the largest German-language printed encyclopedia in the 21st century.

In 2008, F. A. Brockhaus began the changeover to an online encyclopedia and the discontinuation of the printed editions. The rights to the Brockhaus trademark were purchased by Arvato, a subsidiary of the Bertelsmann media group. After more than 200 years, the distribution of the Brockhaus encyclopedia ceased completely in 2014.