hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Karl Gröger
Karl Gröger (German: [kaʁl ˈɡʁøːɡɐ] ⓘ; 7 February 1918 - 1 July 1943) was a member of a Dutch resistance group executed in 1943.

In collaboration with a Dutch resistance group, he destroyed the registration of address office of Amsterdam, thereby destroying file cards of Dutch people which would have faced forced labour and deportation to concentration camps.

In 1943 the SS and police court sentenced him to death in The Hague.

He was given the title "Righteous Among the Nations" in 1986 by Yad Vashem.

1943 Amsterdam civil registry office bombing
52°22′N 4°55′E﻿ / ﻿52.37°N 4.91°E﻿ / 52.37; 4.91

The 1943 bombing of the Amsterdam civil registry office was an attempt by members of the Dutch resistance to destroy the Amsterdam civil registry (bevolkingsregister), in order to prevent the German occupiers from identifying Jews and others marked for persecution, arrest or forced labour. The March 1943 assault was only partially successful, and led to the execution of 12 participants. Nevertheless, the action likely saved many Jews from arrest and deportation to Nazi extermination camps.
Kirttivarman I
Kirttivarman I (IAST: Kīrtti-varman; died 592) was the emperor of the Chalukya dynasty from 566 until his death in 592. He ruled parts of present-day Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

Kirttivarman was the son of his predecessor Pulakeshin I, the first sovereign ruler of the dynasty. He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.

Nala dynasty
The Nalas were an Indian dynasty that ruled parts of present-day Chhattisgarh and Odisha during the 6th century CE. Their core territory included the areas around Bastar and Koraput districts. Their capital was probably Pushkari (IAST: Puṣkarī), identified with the modern Garhdhanora in Bastar district. At one point, they seem to have conquered the Vakataka capital Nandivardhana in the Vidarbha region, but suffered reverses against the Vakatakas as well as the Chalukyas. Sharabhapuriyas, their northern neighbours, also seem to have played a part in their downfall. They were probably supplanted by the Panduvamshi dynasty, although one branch of the dynasty seems to have ruled a small territory until the 7th or 8th century CE.
Daniel Everett
Daniel Leonard Everett (born July 26, 1951) is an American linguist and author best known for his study of the Amazon basin's Pirahã people and their language.

In 2025, Everett is Trustee Professor of Cognitive Sciences at Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts.     From July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2018, Everett served as Dean of Arts and Sciences at Bentley. Prior to Bentley University, Everett was chair of the Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. He has taught at the University of Manchester and is former chair of the Linguistics Department of the University of Pittsburgh.

Pirahã language
Pirahã (also spelled Pirahá, Pirahán), or Múra-Pirahã, is the indigenous language of the Pirahã people of Amazonas, Brazil. The Pirahã live along the Maici River, a tributary of the Amazon River.

Pirahã is the only surviving dialect of the Mura language; all others having died out in the last few centuries as most groups of the Mura people have shifted to Portuguese. Due to this, Pirahã can be considered its own language now, as no other Mura dialects have survived. Suspected relatives, such as Matanawi, are also extinct. Pirahã is estimated to have between 250 and 380 speakers. It is not in immediate danger of extinction, as its use is vigorous and the Pirahã community is mostly monolingual.

The Pirahã language is the subject of various controversial claims; for example, that it provides evidence against linguistic relativity. The controversy is compounded by the difficulty of learning the language; the number of linguists with field experience in Pirahã is very small.
Cold Christmas
Cold Christmas is a small hamlet in the civil parish of Thundridge, in the East Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England. Situated near the south bank of the River Rib, it lies in the valley below Wadesmill. Local folklore holds that the name 'Cold Christmas' refers to a period of high child mortality during harsh winters, associated with several burials recorded at the medieval church.

Thundridge
Thundridge is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. The village lies 2 miles (3 km) north of the centre of Ware, its post town. As well as the village itself, the parish also includes the villages of Wadesmill and High Cross, and the hamlet of Cold Christmas and surrounding rural areas. Thundridge village lies on the south bank of the River Rib, with Wadesmill opposite it on the north bank. Thundridge and Wadesmill are now classed as a single built up area by the Office for National Statistics. At the 2021 census, the parish had a population of 1,571.
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve is a United States National Preserve located in the Flint Hills region of Kansas, north of Strong City. The preserve protects a nationally significant example of the once vast tallgrass prairie ecosystem. Of the 400,000 square miles (1,000,000 km2) of tallgrass prairie that once covered the North American continent, less than 5% remains, primarily in the Flint Hills. Since 2009, the preserve has been home to the Tallgrass Prairie bison herd.

Tallgrass Prairie bison herd
The Tallgrass Prairie bison herd is a population of American bison (Bison bison) inhabiting the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in central Kansas. It is a public bison herd that has little evidence of cattle introgression.
Qcells
Qcells (formerly known as  Hanwha Qcells) is a manufacturer of photovoltaic cells. The company is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, after being founded in 1999 in Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany, where the company still has its engineering offices. Qcells was purchased out of bankruptcy in August 2012 by the Hanwha Group, a South Korean business conglomerate. Qcells now operates as a subsidiary of Hanwha Solutions, the group's energy and petrochemical company.

Qcells has manufacturing facilities in the United States, Malaysia, and South Korea. The company was the sixth-largest producer of solar cells in 2019, with shipments totaling 7.3 gigawatts.

Hanwha Solutions
Hanwha Solutions Corporation (Korean: 한화솔루션) is a multinational energy services, petrochemical, and real estate development company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company is part of the Hanwha Group, a large South Korean business conglomerate. Founded in 1965 as Hanwha Chemical, the company was rebranded as Hanwha Solutions in January 2020 when Hanwha Chemical merged with Hanwha Q Cells & Advanced Materials, which itself was formed out of a 2018 merger. The company added the Hanwha Galleria and Hanwha City Development real estate companies to its portfolio in April 2021. The Galleria division and the Advanced Materials division were spun off. The Electronic Materials business, which had remained part of the Advanced Materials division, was also transferred to a subsidiary of the company.
Hopperstad Stave Church
Hopperstad Stave Church (Norwegian: Hopperstad stavkyrkje) is a historic parish church of the Church of Norway in the village of Vikøyri in Vik Municipality in Vestland county. It was historically the church for the Hopperstad parish in the Diocese of Bjørgvin. The brown, wooden stave church was built during the 12th century. The church seats about 30 people.

The stave church is assumed to have been built around the year 1130 and still stands at its original location. The church is one of the oldest stave churches still standing in Norway. The church is currently owned by the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments.

There is a replica of the Hopperstad Stave Church at the Heritage Hjemkomst Center in the city of Moorhead in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It was dedicated in 1998. The replica church is part of a larger complex that includes a museum and Scandinavian heritage center.

Stave church
A stave church is a medieval wooden Christian church building once common in north-western Europe. The name derives from the building's structure of post and lintel construction, a type of timber framing where the load-bearing ore-pine posts are called stafr in Old Norse (stav in modern Norwegian). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the post church and palisade church, are often called 'stave churches'.

Originally much more widespread, most of the surviving stave churches are in Norway. The only remaining medieval stave churches outside Norway are: Hedared stave church (c. 1500) in Sweden and the Vang Stave Church which was built in Norway and relocated in 1842 to contemporary Karpacz in the Karkonosze mountains of Poland. One other church, the Anglo-Saxon Greensted Church in England, exhibits many similarities with a stave church but is generally considered a palisade church.
Uldale
Uldale is a small village and former civil parish in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. It is about 5 miles (8 km) from Caldbeck, 2 miles (3 km) from Ireby with which it now forms the civil parish of Ireby and Uldale together with Aughertree. The Uldale Fells are in the vicinity, and to the southeast are Chapelhouse Reservoir and Over Water. It is located just inside the Lake District National Park. In 1931 the parish had a population of 217.

Uldale has a place in literature as the occasional home of Judith Paris, a heroine of the Herries Chronicles, the saga of a Cumbrian family written by Hugh Walpole in the 1930s.

Ireby and Uldale
Ireby and Uldale is a civil parish in the Cumberland district, in the ceremonial county of Cumbria, England. The parish includes Aughertree, High Ireby, Ireby, Longlands, Orthwaite, Ruthwaite and Uldale. The population, including neighbouring Bewaldeth and Snittlegarth at the 2011 Census was 458.

Part of the parish lies within the Skiddaw Group SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest).
Robert Barclay Fox
Robert Barclay Fox (24 July 1873 – 22 April 1934) was a Falmouth businessman and Conservative Party politician in Cornwall. He was known as Barclay Fox.

Fox was born the son of Robert Fox (1845–1915) and his wife Ellen Mary Bassett.

He was the grandson of another "Robert Barclay Fox" (1817–1855) and was also known as Barclay Fox, one of the influential local Quaker family of Fox, of Falmouth, Cornwall. He inherited "Grove Hill" and Penjerrick Garden, that his grandfather and great-grandfather had developed.

Falmouth, Cornwall
Falmouth (/ˈfælməθ/ FAL-məth; Cornish (SWF): Aberfala) is a town, civil parish and port on the River Fal on the south coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

Falmouth was founded in 1613 by the Killigrew family on a site near the existing Pendennis Castle. It developed as a port on the Carrick Roads harbour, overshadowing the earlier town of Penryn. In the 19th century after the arrival of the railways, tourism became important to its economy. In modern times, both industries maintain a presence in Falmouth and the town is also home to the National Maritime Museum Cornwall, a campus of Falmouth University and Falmouth Art Gallery. At the 2021 census the parish had a population of 24,032.
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 AD and originally titled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (Latin: De origine et situ Germanorum), is a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic peoples outside the Roman Empire.

Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (/ˈtæsɪtəs/ TAS-it-əs, Latin: [ˈtakɪtʊs]; c. AD 56 – c. 120), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars.

Tacitus's two major historical works, Annals (Latin: Annales) and the Histories (Latin: Historiae), originally formed a continuous narrative of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus (14 AD) to the end of Domitian's reign (96 AD). The surviving portions of the Annals focus on the reigns of Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD).

Tacitus's other writings discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law, Agricola (the general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain), mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Today Is the Day
Today Is the Day is an American noise rock and experimental metal band that originally formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The band's diverse sound combines influences from areas such as noise music, avant-garde metal, grindcore, post-hardcore, and alternative rock among other genres. Most of the band's recordings make extensive use of dissonance and sampling, as well as unusual production techniques and psychedelic overtones. Lyrical themes include depression, warfare, violence, altered states of consciousness, and mental disorders.

Avant-garde metal
Avant-garde metal (also known as avant-metal, experimental metal, art metal and experimetal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music loosely defined by use of experimentation and innovative, avant-garde elements, including non-standard and unconventional sounds, instruments, song structures, playing styles, and vocal techniques. Avant-garde metal is influenced by progressive rock and extreme metal, particularly death metal, and is closely related to progressive metal. Some local scenes include Los Angeles, the San Francisco Bay Area, Boston, and Seattle in the United States, Oslo in Norway, and Tokyo in Japan.
Winifred Brenchley
Winifred Elsie Brenchley OBE, DSc (Lond), FLS, FRES (1883–1953), an agricultural botanist who worked at the Rothamsted Research Station. Along with Katherine Warington, she demonstrated the role of boron as an essential micronutrient for plants. She was the first woman in the UK to break into the male-dominated sphere of agricultural science. She has been described as "perhaps Britain's leading authority on weeds in the early twentieth century".

Rothamsted Research
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843. It is located at Harpenden in the English county of Hertfordshire and is a registered charity under English law.

Two of the station's best known and longest-running experiments are the Broadbalk Experiment, planted annually with winter wheat since 1843, and the Park Grass Experiment, a biological study that started in 1856 and has been continuously monitored ever since.

51°48′33″N 0°21′19″W﻿ / ﻿51.80917°N 0.35528°W﻿ / 51.80917; -0.35528
Albert Tumenov
Albert Khuseinovich Tumenov (Russian: Альберт Туменов; Karachay-Balkar: Туменланы Альберт Хусейнни жашы; born December 26, 1991) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist and former amateur boxer. Tumenov competes in the welterweight division of the Absolute Championship Berkut where he is the two time ACA Welterweight Champion. A professional competitor since 2010, Tumenov has also competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).

Absolute Championship Akhmat
Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA), formerly known as Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB), is a Russian mixed martial arts, kickboxing, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Chechnya. ACA has also held events in other Russian cities, as well as in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Scotland, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Brachiocephalic artery
The brachiocephalic artery, brachiocephalic trunk, or innominate artery is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck.

It is the first branch of the aortic arch. Soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.

There is no brachiocephalic artery for the left side of the body. The left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery come directly off the aortic arch. Despite this, there are two brachiocephalic veins.

Aortic arch
The aortic arch, arch of the aorta, or transverse aortic arch (English:  /eɪˈɔːrtɪk/) is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.
Perry County, Ohio
Perry County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 35,408. Its county seat is New Lexington. It was established on March 1, 1818, from parts of Fairfield, Washington and Muskingum counties. The county is named for Oliver Hazard Perry, a hero of the War of 1812. Perry County is included in the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area. One of the poorest counties in the state, this is where the lawsuit challenging Ohio's school funding system, DeRolph v. State, began.

Fairfield County, Ohio
Fairfield County is located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 158,921. Its county seat and largest city is Lancaster. Its name is a reference to the Fairfield area of the original Lancaster. Fairfield County is part of the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Georgia State Route 247
State Route 247 (SR 247) is a 43.2-mile-long (69.5 km) south–north state highway located in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. Its routing is within portions of Pulaski, Houston, and Bibb counties. It originates in the northwestern part of Hawkinsville, and it concludes in the northwestern section of Macon.

Houston County, Georgia
Houston County (/ˈhaʊstən/ HOW-stən) is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia. The population was 163,633 at the 2020 census. Its county seat is Perry; the city of Warner Robins is substantially larger in both area and population.

The county was created on May 15, 1821, along with four other counties in the state, and later reduced in size with the formation of Bibb, Crawford, Pulaski, Macon, and Peach counties. It was named after Georgia governor John Houstoun, with the spelling being a common 19th-century variation that later evolved to "Houston". The pronunciation, however, remains to this day "howston." The geographic center of the county was given the name Wattsville, which was later changed to Perry.

Houston County is included in the Warner Robins, GA metropolitan statistical area, which in turn is included in the Macon-Warner Robins-Fort Valley combined statistical area. Flat Creek Public Fishing Area is in Houston County, south west of Perry.
Manapparai Murukku
Manapparai Murukku is a variety of murukku, a traditional Indian snack from the town of Manapparai in Tiruchirappalli district in the state of Tamil Nadue Murukku derives from the Tamil word for "twisted", which refers to its shape. The brain behind the industry was Krishna Iyer. Before Independence, he started this as a cottage industry and sold this first in Maṇappāṟai. In 2010, the Tamil Nadu government applied for a geographical indication tag for Manapparai Murukku.

Once when Mahatma Gandhi came to the Manapparai Railway junction, he happily told his friends about its taste after eating Manapparai Murukku. It was the ideal South Indian travel snack. Later it was takeover by immigrants from Usilambatti, Madurai. From 1951 Meesaikkarar alias Kasimaya Thevar [one of the migrant] and also his relatives had applying special techniques and add more taste like neither sweet nor spicy, and makes the murukku famous as 'Manapparai Murukku'.

Murukku
Muṟukku  (Tamil: முறுக்கு, romanised: muṟukku, lit. 'twisting') is a savoury, crunchy snack originating from the Indian subcontinent. In India, murukku is especially common in the states of Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It is called murkulu in Telangana, janthikalu in Andhra Pradesh and mudku/murku in Odisha. Chakli is a similar Indian dish, typically made with an additional ingredient, chickpea flour.

It is also common in countries with substantial Indian and Sri Lankan diaspora communities, including Singapore, Fiji, Malaysia, and Myanmar. Called sagalay gway (စာကလေးခွေ; lit. 'baby sparrow coils') in Burmese, it is a common snack and is used as a topping for a regional dish called Dawei mont di.
The Big Country
The Big Country is a 1958 American epic Western film directed by William Wyler, and starring Gregory Peck, Jean Simmons, Carroll Baker, Charlton Heston, and Charles Bickford. The supporting cast features Burl Ives and Chuck Connors. Filmed in Technicolor and Technirama, the picture was based on the serialized magazine novel Ambush at Blanco Canyon by Donald Hamilton and was co-produced by Wyler and Peck. The opening title sequence was created by Saul Bass. This was also the final film role for Alfonso Bedoya.

Ives won the Academy Award as Best Supporting Actor for his performance, as well as the Golden Globe Award. The film was also nominated for an Academy Award for the musical score, composed by Jerome Moross. The film is one of the few in which Heston plays a major supporting role rather than the lead.

The Big Country (Hamilton novel)
The Big Country is a Western novel by Donald Hamilton. It was originally serialized in The Saturday Evening Post as Ambush at Blanco Canyon. Published two years prior to Hamilton's Death of a Citizen, which launched his popular Matt Helm series, it explores many of the same themes of self-reliance that dominated the author's work.
Kōfu, Tottori
Kōfu (江府町, Kōfu-chō) is a town located in the northeast of Hino District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2021, the town had an estimated population of 2,737 in 1023 households and a population density of 22 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 124.52 square kilometres (48.08 sq mi).

Hino District, Tottori
Hino (日野郡, Hino-gun) is a district located in Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2025, the district has an estimated population of 8,369 and a density of 14 persons per km2. The total area is 599.46 square kilometres (231.45 sq mi).
White City, Greater Manchester
White City is an area in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. Part of the site, which is adjacent to Chester Road, is now a retail park. The area was originally the former Manchester Botanic Gardens that occupied the southeast corner of the docks area and Manchester United's ground. The gateway of the Botanic Gardens still stands at the edge of the retail park. In 1857, the Art Treasures Exhibition was held in the gardens.

White City has also been an amusement park and a sports stadium that has featured athletics, greyhound racing and motorsports.

Art Treasures Exhibition, Manchester 1857
The Art Treasures of Great Britain was an exhibition of fine art held in Manchester, England, from 5 May to 17 October 1857. It remains the largest art exhibition to be held in the UK, possibly in the world, with over 16,000 works on display. It attracted over 1.3 million visitors in the 142 days it was open, about four times the population of Manchester at that time, many of whom visited on organised railway excursions. Its selection and display of artworks had a formative influence on the public art collections that were then being established in the UK, such as the National Gallery, National Portrait Gallery and the Victoria and Albert Museum.