hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Switching loop
A switching loop or bridge loop occurs in computer networks when there is more than one layer 2 path between two endpoints (e.g. multiple connections between two network switches or two ports on the same switch connected to each other). The loop creates broadcast storms as broadcasts and multicasts are forwarded by switches out every port, the switch or switches will repeatedly rebroadcast the broadcast messages flooding the network. Since the layer-2 header does not include a time to live (TTL) field, if a frame is sent into a looped topology, it can loop forever.

A physical topology that contains switching or bridge loops is attractive for redundancy reasons, yet a switched network must not have loops.  The solution is to allow physical loops, but create a loop-free logical topology using link aggregation, Shortest Path Bridging, Spanning Tree Protocol or TRILL on the network switches.

Broadcast storm
A broadcast storm or broadcast radiation is the accumulation of broadcast and multicast traffic on a computer network. Extreme amounts of broadcast traffic constitute a broadcast storm. It can consume sufficient network resources so as to render the network unable to transport normal traffic. A packet that induces such a storm is occasionally nicknamed a Chernobyl packet.
DXRP
DXRP (88.7 FM), on-air as Radyo Pilipinas or RP1 News, is a radio station owned and operated by the Presidential Broadcast Service. Its studios are located at the Mindanao Media Hub Building, Carlos P. Garcia Highway, Bangkal, Davao City, and its transmitter is located at Broadcast Ave., Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City.

From February to August 2018, following the preparation of the Mindanao Broadcast Hub, DXRP was temporarily broadcasting on FM at 87.5 MHz (this frequency broadcasts as Davao City Disaster Radio) while currently looking for a new transmitter location for its main frequency on its AM counterpart. In August 2018, it transferred its frequency to 88.7 MHz, coinciding with the launched of 87.5 FM1 Davao.

On December 5, 2020, the studios of Radyo Pilipinas Davao, along with its sister station Republika FM1 Davao, transferred to the new home at the new Mindanao Media Hub in Bangkal, Davao City.

Republika Ni Juan Davao
Republika ni Juan Davao (87.9 FM) is a radio station owned and operated by the Presidential Broadcast Service which serves as a relay of DWFO-FM in Metro Manila. Its studios are located at the Mindanao Media Hub Bldg., Carlos P. Garcia Highway, Bangkal, Davao City, and its transmitter is located at Shrine Hills, Matina, Davao City.
Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate
Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate (TP/TPP/TiC), sold under the brand name Sustanon 100 (Organon), is an injectable combination medication of three testosterone esters, all of which are androgens/anabolic steroids. They include:

20 mg testosterone propionate

40 mg testosterone phenylpropionate

40 mg testosterone isocaproate

They are provided as an oil solution and are administered by intramuscular injection. The different testosterone esters provide for different elimination half-lives in the body. Esterification of testosterone provides for a sustained but non-linear release of testosterone hormone from the injection depot into the circulation.

The medication was a smaller dose than Sustanon 250 and was usually reserved for pediatric use.

Sustanon 100 has not been produced since 2009. Sustanon 100 is manufactured in India by Zydus.

Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone decanoate
Testosterone propionate/testosterone phenylpropionate/testosterone isocaproate/testosterone decanoate (TP/TPP/TiC/TD), also known as a Sustanon 250 (Organon), is an injectable combination medication of four testosterone esters, all of which are androgens/anabolic steroids.
Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel
Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, PC (25 April 1725 – 2 October 1786) was a Royal Navy officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1755 to 1782. He saw action in command of various ships, including the fourth-rate Maidstone, during the War of the Austrian Succession. He went on to serve as Commodore on the North American Station and then Commander-in-Chief, Jamaica Station during the Seven Years' War. After that he served as Senior Naval Lord and then Commander-in-Chief of the Channel Fleet.

During the American Revolutionary War Keppel came into a notorious dispute with Sir Hugh Palliser over Palliser's conduct as his second-in-command at the inconclusive Battle of Ushant in July 1778; the dispute led to Keppel and Palliser facing courts martial, which acquitted both of them. During the final years of the American Revolutionary War Keppel served as First Lord of the Admiralty.

Hugh Palliser
Admiral Sir Hugh Palliser, 1st Baronet (26 February 1723[a] – 19 March 1796) was a Royal Navy officer, politician and colonial administrator. As captain of the 58-gun HMS Eagle, he engaged and defeated the French 50-gun Duc d'Aquitain off Ushant in May 1757 during the Seven Years' War. Palliser went on to serve as Commodore Governor of Newfoundland, then Controller of the Navy and then First Naval Lord. During the American Revolutionary War he came into a famous dispute with Augustus Keppel over his conduct as third-in-command of the Channel Fleet at the inconclusive Battle of Ushant in July 1778; the dispute led to Palliser being court-martialled; he was acquitted. In retirement Palliser became Governor of Greenwich Hospital.
Chickasaw language
The Chickasaw language (Chikashshanompaꞌ, Chickasaw pronunciation: [tʃikaʃːanompaʔ]) is a Native American language of the Muskogean family.  It is agglutinative and follows the word order pattern of subject–object–verb (SOV). The language is closely related to, though perhaps not entirely mutually intelligible with, Choctaw. It is spoken by the Chickasaw tribe, now residing in Southeast Oklahoma, centered on Ada.

The language is currently spoken by around 50 people, mostly Chickasaw elders who grew up with the language. Due to boarding schools in the 20th century and Chickasaw removal from their homeland in the 19th century, the widespread knowledge about the language and culture amongst the nation has largely decreased.

Muskogean languages
Muskogean (/məˈskoʊɡiən/ mə-SKOH-ghee-ən; also Muskhogean) is a language family spoken in the Southeastern United States. Members of the family are Indigenous languages of the Americas. Typologically, Muskogean languages are highly synthetic and agglutinative. One documented language, Apalachee, is no longer spoken, and the remaining languages are critically endangered.
Baden culture
The Baden culture or Baden-Pécel culture is a Chalcolithic archaeological culture dating to c. 3520–2690 BC. 
It is found in Central and Southeast Europe, and is in particular known from Moravia (Czech Republic), Romania, Hungary, southern Poland, Slovakia, northern Croatia and eastern Austria. Imports of Baden pottery have also been found in Germany and Switzerland (Arbon-Bleiche III). It is often grouped together with the Coțofeni culture as part of the Baden-Coțofeni culture.

Coțofeni culture
The Coțofeni culture (Serbian: Kocofeni), also known as the Baden-Coțofeni culture, and generally associated with the Usatove culture, was an Early Bronze Age archaeological culture that existed between 3500 and 2500 BC in the mid-Danube area of south-eastern Central Europe.

The first report of a Coțofeni find was made by Fr. Schuster in 1865 from the Râpa Roșie site in Sebeș (present-day Alba County, Romania). Since then, this culture has been studied by a number of people to varying degrees. Some of the more prominent contributors to the study of this culture include C. Gooss, K. Benkő, B. Orbán, G. Téglas, K. Herepey, S. Fenichel, Julius Teutsch, Cezar Bolliac, V. Christescu, Teohari Antonescu, and Cristian Popa.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by Dabie bandavirus also known as the SFTS virus, first reported between late March and mid-July 2009 in rural areas of Hubei and Henan provinces in Central China.

It is an emerging infectious disease causing fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of consciousness and heamorrhage.

SFTS has fatality rates ranging from 12% to as high as 30% in some areas due to multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leucopenia (low white blood cell count), and elevated liver enzyme levels.

SFTS virus
SFTS virus is a tick-borne virus in the genus Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The clinical condition it caused is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). SFTS is an emerging infectious disease that was first described in northeast and central China 2009 and now has also been discovered in Japan, South Korea, Vietnam and Taiwan in 2015. SFTS has a fatality rate of 12% and as high as over 30% in some areas. The major clinical symptoms of SFTS are fever, vomiting, diarrhea, multiple organ failure, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), leukopenia (low white blood cell count) and elevated liver enzyme levels. Another outbreak occurred in East China in the early half of 2020.
Nevelsky District, Pskov Oblast
Nevelsky District (Russian: Не́вельский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Novosokolnichesky District in the north, Velikoluksky District in the east, Usvyatsky District in the southeast, Haradok, Polotsk, and Rasony Districts of Vitebsk Region of Belarus in the south (forming part of the Belarus–Russia border), Sebezhsky District in the west, and with Pustoshkinsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,689.9 square kilometers (1,038.6 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Nevel. Population: 26,657 (2010 Census); 31,419 (2002 Census); 38,951 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Nevel accounts for 61.2% of the district's total population.

Pustoshkinsky District
Pustoshkinsky District (Russian: Пусто́шкинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Bezhanitsky District in the north, Novosokolnichesky District in the east, Nevelsky District in the south, Sebezhsky District in the west, and with Opochetsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,870 square kilometers (720 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Pustoshka. Population: 9,379 (2010 Census); 12,071 (2002 Census); 14,063 (1989 Soviet census). The population of Pustoshka accounts for 49.2% of the district's total population.
Cessna Citation X
The Cessna 750 Citation X is an American mid-size business jet produced by Cessna; it is part of the Citation family.
Announced at the October 1990 NBAA convention, the Model 750 made its maiden flight on December 21, 1993, received its type certification on June 3, 1996, and was first delivered in July 1996.

The updated Citation X+ was offered from 2012 with a 14 in (360 mm) cabin stretch and upgraded systems.

Keeping the Citation III fuselage cross section, it has a new 37° swept wing with an area of 527 ft² (49 m2) for a fast Mach 0.935 MMO and a 36,600 lb (16.6 t) MTOW for a 3,460 nmi (6,408 km) range, a T-tail and two 7,034 lbf (31.29 kN) AE3007 turbofans.

After 338 deliveries, production ended in 2018.

Cessna Citation III
The Cessna Citation III is an American business jet produced by Cessna and part of the Citation family.
Announced at the October 1976 NBAA convention, the Model 650 made its maiden flight on May 30, 1979, received its type certification on April 30, 1982, and was delivered between 1983 and 1992.

The cheaper Citation VI was produced from 1991 to 1995 and the more powerful Citation VII was offered between 1992 and 2000; 360 of all variants were delivered, while a proposed transcontinental variant, the Citation IV, was canceled before reaching the prototype stage.

An all new design, the Citation III had a 312 sq ft (29.0 m2) swept wing for a 22,000 lb (10.0 t) MTOW and a 2,350 nmi (4,350 km) range, a T-tail and two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) TFE731 turbofans.

Its fuselage cross section and cockpit were carried over and used in the later Citation X, Citation Excel and Citation Sovereign.
Siderops
Siderops (from the Greek sideros meaning “iron” and -ops meaning “face” ) is an extinct genus of chigutisaurid temnospondyl from Early Jurassic of Australia, containing the species S. kehli (named after the Kehl family of ‘Kolane’, Wandoan, Queensland where the fossil was found).

Chigutisauridae
Chigutisauridae is an extinct family of large temnospondyls.  The only genera recognized as belonging to Chigutisauridae at the current time are all from Gondwana. Chigutisaurids first appeared during the Early Triassic in Australia. During the Late Triassic they became widely distributed in Gondwana, with fossils found in South Africa, India and South America. Koolasuchus from the Early Cretaceous of Australia represents the youngest known temnospondyl.
Emin Ali Bedir Khan
Emin Ali Bedir Khan (also Bedirhan, Ottoman Turkish: امین علی بدرخان; 1851/1852 – 1926) was an Ottoman and Kurdish politician and judge. He was a founding member of the Kurdish Society for Cooperation and Progress and vice president of the Society for the Elevation of Kurdistan.

Emin Ali was born in Kandiye on Crete to Bedir Khan Beg, the last hereditary ruler of the Principality of Bohtan, and his spouse Rewshen. He worked as an official in the Ottoman judicial system in various cities. He became involved in Kurdish politics and in 1918 advocated for the establishment of an independent Kurdistan. He was one of the Kurdish representatives at the Paris Peace Conference following World War I. Shortly before the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, he went into exile in Egypt, where he died in 1926. His sons Süreyya, Celadet and Kamuran are remembered as prominent figures in the Kurdish nationalist movement.

Celadet Alî Bedirxan
Celadet Alî Bedirxan (Kurdish: جەلادەت عەلی بەدرخان; 26 April 1893 – 15 July 1951), also known as Mîr Celadet, was a Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist and political activist. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French. He left Turkey in 1923 when the Kemalists declared a new republic. In 1927, at a Kurdish conference held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoybûn. He is known for having been the first modern linguist to compile and organise the grammar of the modern form of the Northern Kurdish language, Kurmanji, and having designed the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which is now the formal alphabet of Kurmanji and is also sometimes used for the other dialects of the Kurdish Language, having replaced the Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based and Armenian-based alphabets formerly used for Kurmanji.
Yasir Jaswal
Yasir M Jaswal (Urdu: یاسر جسوال) is a Pakistani singer, writer, filmmaker, and award-winning music director.

He was the lead singer for his band Irtaash. He was also the lead vocalist for the band Call. He directed several award-winning music videos, and in 2015, he made his feature film debut with Jalaibee. His younger brothers Umair and Uzair Jaswal are also singers and actors. He won Lux Style Award in 2014 for directing music video of Uzair's single Bolay. He also won the Best Music Video Director award at the Hum Award in 2016 for the song Sajna by his brother Uzair Jaswal. His most recent venture has been a burger joint in Islamabad by the name of Jessie's which he has opened along with his brothers and friend.

Umair Jaswal
Umair Jaswal (Urdu: عمیر جسوال) is a Pakistani actor, singer-songwriter and music producer from Islamabad. He was also lead vocalist of the rock band Qayaas. Umair is the brother of singers Yasir Jaswal and Uzair Jaswal.
Pennsylvania Route 86
Pennsylvania Route 86 (abbreviated PA 86, officially SR 886) is a 12.4-mile-long (20.0 km) state highway in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States. The northern terminus of the route is at U.S. Route 6, U.S. Route 19, and Pennsylvania Route 408 in Cambridge Springs. The southern terminus is at Pennsylvania Route 27 in Meadville.

Due to the presence of Interstate 86 (State Route 86) in Erie County, PA 86 is officially State Route 886.

Nearby attractions include Allegheny College and Woodcock Lake.

From 1936 to 1983, PA 86 extended from US 19 north of Waterford to PA 27 in Meadville. In 1983, the northern terminus was moved to its present location at US 6 and US 19 in Cambridge Springs.

Pennsylvania Route 408
Pennsylvania Route 408 (PA 408) is a 24.2-mile-long (38.9 km) state highway located in Crawford County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at US 6/US 19/PA 86 in Cambridge Springs.  The eastern terminus is at PA 8 in Hydetown.
Brian Foster (BMX rider)
Brian Keith Foster (born June 29, 1972) is an American professional bicycle motocross (BMX) rider whose prime competitive years were from 1992 to 2000. Had the nicknames "Blue Falcon", BF" and "Dirt" Brian Foster is one half of one of those sibling combinations that every so often that appear in BMX, usually brothers and along with his brother Alan they were the Mid School era's answer to Old School's *Brent & Brian Patterson and Eddy & Mike King. While neither gained as many titles in racing either collectively or individually as the Pattersons or the Kings (Brian was somewhat more successful in racing than Alan), they soon became respected pioneers and champions in the then new recognized BMX sub discipline of Dirt Jumping that began as an organized sport in 1989.

Mike King (BMX rider)
Michael Allen King (born June 30, 1969) is an "Old School/Mid School" former professional Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1984 to 1998 and is also a former Mountain Bike (MTB) racer who prime competitive years in that discipline were 1993 to 2004.
Looe railway station
Looe railway station serves the twin towns of East and West Looe, in Cornwall, England. The station is the terminus of the scenic Looe Valley Line 8+3⁄4 miles (14 km) south of Liskeard. It faces out across the estuary of the River Looe.

Liskeard railway station
Liskeard railway station (Cornish: Lyskerrys) serves the town of Liskeard in Cornwall, England. The station is approximately 18 miles (29 km) west of Plymouth on the Cornish Main Line and 264 miles 71 chains (426.3 km) from London Paddington via Box and Plymouth Millbay. It is the junction for the Looe Valley Line. The railway station is situated approximately 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) south-west of Liskeard town centre.
Campbell County, Kentucky
Campbell County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 93,076. Its county seats are Alexandria and Newport. The county was formed on December 17, 1794, from sections of Scott, Harrison, and Mason Counties and was named for Colonel John Campbell (1735–1799), a Revolutionary War soldier and Kentucky legislator.
Campbell County, with Boone and Kenton Counties, is part of the Northern Kentucky metro community, and the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Kenton County, Kentucky
Kenton County is a county located in the northern part of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 169,064, making it the third most populous county in Kentucky (behind Jefferson County and Fayette County). Its county seats are Covington and Independence. It was, until November 24, 2010, the only county in Kentucky to have two legally recognized county seats. The county was formed in 1840 and is named for Simon Kenton, a frontiersman notable in the early history of the state.

Kenton County, with Boone and Campbell Counties, is part of the Northern Kentucky metro area, and is included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Chelan County, Washington
Chelan County (/ʃəˈlæn/, shə-LAN) is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, its population was 79,074. The county seat and largest city is Wenatchee. The county was created out of Okanogan and Kittitas Counties on March 13, 1899. It derives its name from a Chelan Indian word meaning "deep water," likely a reference to 55-mile (89 km)-long Lake Chelan, which reaches a maximum depth of 1,486 feet (453 m).

Chelan County is part of the Wenatchee, Washington, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Okanogan County, Washington
Okanogan County (/ˌoʊkəˈnɑːɡən/) is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington along the Canada–U.S. border. As of the 2020 census, the population was 42,104. The county seat is Okanogan, while the most populous city is Omak. It is the largest county by area in the state.

About a fifth of the county's residents live in the Greater Omak Area. The county forms a portion of the Okanogan Country. The first county seat was Ruby, which has now been a ghost town for more than 100 years.

Okanogan County was formed out of Stevens County in February 1888. The name derives from the Okanagan language place name ukʷnaqín. The name Okanogan (Okanagan) also refers to a part of southern British Columbia.
Gharana
In Hindustani music (North Indian classical music), a gharānā is a system of social organisation in the Indian subcontinent, linking musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and more importantly by adherence to a particular musical style.

The word gharana comes from the Hindi word 'ghar' which means 'house'. It typically refers to the place where the musical ideology originated; for example, some of the gharanas well known for singing khyals are:   Gwalior, Delhi, Agra, Indore, Kashmiri, Atrauli-Jaipur, Kirana and Patiala. Four famous kathak gharanas are: Lucknow, Atrauli-Jaipur, Benares and Raigarh.

Khyal
Khyal or Khayal (ख़याल / خیال) is a major form of Hindustani classical music in the Indian subcontinent. Its name comes from a Persian/Arabic word meaning "imagination". Khyal is associated with romantic poetry, and allows the performer greater freedom of expression than dhrupad and is sung with the tabla instead of the pakhavaj. In khyal, ragas are extensively ornamented, and the style calls for more technical virtuosity.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6
The Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Fold6) is a foldable smartphone developed by Samsung Electronics. Officially announced on July 10, 2024, at the Samsung Galaxy Unpacked event in Paris, France, alongside the Galaxy Z Flip 6, Galaxy Watch 7, Galaxy Buds 3 series and Galaxy Ring. It succeeded the Galaxy Z Fold 5 and became available on July 31, 2024.

On October 21, 2024, Samsung announced a derivative model, the Galaxy Z Fold SE (Special Edition), featuring a larger display, a slimmer and lighter body, and a 200 MP main camera. This model was released exclusively in South Korea.

Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 6
The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 6 (stylized as Samsung Galaxy Z Flip6) is an Android-based foldable smartphone developed and marketed by Samsung Electronics. Officially announced on July 10, 2024, at the Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event in Paris, France, alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 6, the Galaxy Watch 7, the Galaxy Buds 3 series, and the Galaxy Ring. It is the successor to the Galaxy Z Flip 5 and became available on July 31, 2024.

On July 9, 2025, The Galaxy Z Flip 6 was succeeded by the Galaxy Z Flip 7 and had its FE-based model.