hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sharif Karie
Sharif Karie (born January 1, 1978) is an American former middle-distance runner who was prolific in high school and collegiate competition for various middle and long-distance disciplines. Born in Mogadishu, Karie left Somalia in August 1993, went to Lansing, Michigan, to live with a brother, then settled in Springfield, Virginia. He attended and competed in track for West Springfield High School, then Lindenwood University, and finally the University of Arkansas.

West Springfield High School (Virginia)
West Springfield High School is a public high school located in Fairfax County, Virginia, at 6100 Rolling Road, and is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools system. West Springfield (often referred to as WSHS) enrolls approximately 2,750 students from grades 9–12, ranked 10th within Virginia.

The facility has a Springfield postal address and is physically within the West Springfield census-designated place.
Myrmecocystus
Myrmecocystus is a North American genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. It is one of five genera that includes honeypot ants. Worker ants keep and tend plerergates, which are other ants that store large quantities of nutritious fluid in their abdomens to feed the colony during famine times. Some species engage in highly territorial tournaments, which can result in intraspecific slavery. During the raids, they carry off larvae, workers, and plerergates. The genus has three subgenera, namely Myrmecocystus, Endiodioctes, and Eremnocystus.

Honeypot ant
Honeypot ants, also called honey ants, are ants which have specialized workers—repletes, plerergates or rotunds—that consume large amounts of food to the point that their abdomens swell enormously. This phenomenon of extreme inflation of the trunk is called physogastry. Other ants then extract nourishment from them, through the process of trophallaxis. They function as living larders. Honeypot ants belong to any of several genera, including Myrmecocystus and Camponotus. They were first documented in 1881 by Henry C. McCook, and described further in 1908 by William Morton Wheeler.
Des Hanafin
Desmond A. Hanafin (9 September 1930 – 22 June 2017) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served for over 30 years as a member of Seanad Éireann (1969–93 and 1997–2002). He opposed social liberalisation, particularly the legalisation of abortion, divorce and same-sex marriage, and was one of the founders of the anti-abortion advocacy group, Pro Life Campaign.

Pro Life Campaign
Pro Life Campaign (PLC) is an Irish anti-abortion advocacy organisation. Its primary spokesperson is Eilís Mulroy. It is a non-denominational organisation which promotes anti-abortion views, and opposes abortion in all circumstances, including cases of rape and incest.

The Pro Life Campaign was established in 1992. Prominent members also opposed LGBT rights and campaigned against the decriminalisation of homosexuality in Ireland.
Mike Rounds
Marion Michael Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States senator from South Dakota since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 31st governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011.

Rounds was raised in Pierre, South Dakota. He attended South Dakota State University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree. He was elected to the South Dakota Senate in 1990, representing the 24th district until 2001. Rounds ran for governor of South Dakota in 2002, and after an upset victory in the Republican primary, won the general election. He was reelected in 2006.

In 2014, Rounds was elected to the United States Senate, succeeding retiring Democrat Tim Johnson. He was reelected in 2020.

Pierre, South Dakota
Pierre (/pɪər/ PEER) is the capital city of the U.S. state of South Dakota and the county seat of Hughes County.  As of the 2020 census, its population was 14,091. Pierre is the eleventh-most populous city of South Dakota, and the second-least populous U.S. state capital (after only Montpelier, Vermont).

Founded in 1880 on the Missouri River, the city was selected to be the state capital when South Dakota was admitted as a state in 1889. Near the center of the state, the then-new settlement was across the river from the settlement of Fort Pierre, and near what became an important railroad crossing of the river.
Ruth First
Heloise Ruth First OLG (4 May 1925 – 17 August 1982) was a South African anti-apartheid activist and scholar. She was assassinated in Mozambique, where she was working in exile, by a parcel bomb built by South African police.

Shawn Slovo
Shawn Slovo (born 1950) is a South African screenwriter, best known for the film A World Apart, based on her childhood under apartheid. She is the daughter of South African Communist Party leaders Joe Slovo and Ruth First. She wrote the screenplay for the 2006 film Catch a Fire (also a historical film about apartheid), and for the 2001 film Captain Corelli's Mandolin.

In the late 1970s, she served as Robert De Niro's personal assistant while he made the films Raging Bull and The King of Comedy. She also wrote the screenplay for Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight.

Slovo lives in London and often works for Working Title Films. Her sister Gillian Slovo is also a writer and her sister Robyn Slovo is a producer.

Slovo's family is Jewish.
Language education
Language education refers to the processes and practices of teaching a second or foreign language. Its study reflects interdisciplinary approaches, usually including some applied linguistics. There are four main learning categories for language education: communicative competencies, proficiencies, cross-cultural experiences, and multiple literacies.

Second-language acquisition
Second-language acquisition (SLA), second-language learning or L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process of learning a language other than one's native language (L1). SLA research examines how learners develop their knowledge of second language.

SLA research spans cognitive, social, and linguistic perspectives:

Cognitive approaches investigate memory and attention processes.

Sociocultural theories emphasize the role of social interaction and immersion

Linguistic studies examine the innate and learned aspects of language.

Individual factors like age, motivation, and personality also influence SLA, as seen in discussions on the critical period hypothesis and learning strategies. In addition to acquisition, SLA explores language loss, or second-language attrition, and the impact of formal instruction on learning outcomes.
Piara Singh Bhaniara
Piara Singh Bhaniara (23 August 1958 – December 30, 2019) also known as Baba Bhaniara (or Bhaniarawala), was a Dalit religious leader from Punjab, India. He established a Sikh sect in the 1980s, which was opposed by mainline Khalsa Sikhs as insulting to their faith. In 2001, his followers published their own holy text Bhavsagar Granth, and allegedly insulted the Sikh holy book Guru Granth Sahib. This sparked violence against Bhaniara's followers. The Government of Punjab banned Bhavsagar Granth, and arrested and jailed Bhaniara.

Bhavsagar Granth
Bhavsagar Granth (full name: Bhavsagar Samunder Amrit Vani Granth) is a 2,704-page book considered as a religious text by the followers of the Indian religious leader Baba Piara Singh Bhaniara. Composed in 2000, it was banned by the Government of Punjab for hurting the religious feelings of Sikhs.
Thorne–Żytkow object
A Thorne–Żytkow object (TŻO or TZO), a type of hybrid star, is a conjectured type of star wherein a red giant or red supergiant contains a neutron star at its core, formed from the collision of the giant with the neutron star. Such objects were hypothesized by Kip Thorne and Anna Żytkow in 1977. In 2014, it was discovered that the star HV 2112, located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), was a strong candidate, though this view has since been refuted. Another possible candidate is the star HV 11417, also located in the SMC.

HV 11417
HV 11417 is a candidate Thorne–Żytkow object in the Small Magellanic Cloud, put forward in a paper by Emma Beasor and collaborators. The paper also claims that another candidate for the Thorne–Żytkow object, HV 2112, was not a Thorne–Żytkow object because it seemingly lacked any distinguishing quality which would indicate that classification. It has since been reported that HV 11417 may be a foreground halo star. As of Gaia's 3rd data release the star has been measured to have a negative parallax, suggesting a distance of more than 103,000 light-years (32,000 pc) at the 3-sigma level, and a proper motion consistent with Small Magellanic Cloud stars in its region of the galaxy.
Shushi Liberation Day
Shushi Liberation Day (Armenian: Շուշիի ազատագրման օրը, romanized: Shushii azatagrman ory) is a national holiday celebrated in Armenia and formerly in the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. It is commemorated on both 8 and 9 May as a way to celebrate the anniversary of the Capture of Shushi and the Siege of Stepanakert (referred to commonly by Armenians as the Liberation of Shushi) from Azerbaijani forces in 1992. Being both former Soviet republics, the holiday also commemorates the traditional Victory Day celebrations on 9 May, commemorating the surrender of Nazi Germany at the end of the Great Patriotic War in 1945. The holiday serves as the official holiday of the Artsakh Defense Army, which was established on this day.

Independence Day (Armenia)
The Independence Day of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի անկախության օր) is one of the main national and state holidays of Armenia, celebrated annually on September 21. Dedicated to the restoration of Armenia's independence from the Soviet Union.

Independence Day symbolizes the revival of Armenian statehood, which was interrupted by the fall of the First Republic and the establishment of Soviet rule in 1920.
Sanok
Sanok [ˈsanɔk] (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — Polish: Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, Rusyn: Санок, Sanok, Ukrainian: Сянок or Cянік, Sianok or Sianik, Latin: Sanocum, Yiddish: סאָניק, Sūnik or Sonik) is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland with 38,397 inhabitants, as of June 2016. Located on the San River and around 52 km (32 mi) south of Przemyśl, Sanok lies directly by the Carpathian Mountains.

The town's history goes back almost a thousand years to when it was part of a medieval trade route. The Museum of Folk Architecture as well as the refurbished Sanok Castle and Old Town are popular points of interest. The region also features a 70 km (43 mi) trail for hikers and cyclists.

San (river)
The San (Polish: San; Ukrainian: Сян, romanized: Sian; German: Saan) is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine. It is a tributary of the river Vistula. With a length of 458 kilometres (285 mi), the San is the 6th-longest Polish river. It has a basin area of 16,877 km2, of which 14,426 km2 is in Poland.
Bing (rank)
Bing (Chinese: 兵; Korean: 병; Hanja: 兵) is the rank usually held by enlisted personnel in some East Asian militaries. The ranks are used in both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, and both North and South Korea. The rank name is based on one of the four ancient occupations.

Shi (rank)
Shi (Chinese: 士; Korean: 사; Hanja: 士) is the rank usually held by Non-commissioned officers in some East Asian militaries. The ranks are used in both the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, and both North and South Korea. The rank name is based on the on one of the four ancient occupations.
Tom Hodgkinson
Tom Hodgkinson is a British writer and the editor of The Idler magazine, which he established in 1993 with his friend Gavin Pretor-Pinney. His philosophy, in his published books and articles, is of a relaxed approach to life, enjoying it as it comes rather than toiling for an imagined better future. The Idler was named after a series of essays written by Dr Johnson from 1758 to 1760.

Simple living
Simple living refers to practices that promote simplicity in one's lifestyle. Common practices of simple living include reducing the number of possessions one owns, depending less on technology and services, and spending less money. In addition to such external changes, simple living also reflects a person's mindset and values. Simple living practices can be seen in history, religion, art, and economics.

Adherents may choose simple living for a variety of personal reasons, such as spirituality, health, increase in quality time for family and friends, work–life balance, personal taste, financial sustainability, increase in philanthropy, frugality, environmental sustainability, or reducing stress. Simple living can also be a reaction to economic materialism and consumer culture. Some cite sociopolitical goals aligned with environmentalist, anti-consumerist, or anti-war movements, including conservation, degrowth, deep ecology, and tax resistance.
Bishop of Richborough
The Bishop of Richborough is a suffragan bishop and provincial episcopal visitor for the whole of the Province of Canterbury in the Church of England. Since 2025, Luke Irvine-Capel has served as Bishop of Richborough.

Provincial episcopal visitor
A provincial episcopal visitor (PEV), popularly known as a flying bishop, is a Church of England bishop assigned to minister to many of the clergy, laity and parishes who on grounds of theological conviction "are unable to receive the ministry of women bishops or priests" as well as the ministry of male bishops or priests at whose ordination a female bishop presided. The system by which bishops oversee these churches is referred to as alternative episcopal oversight (AEO).
Wahidi Haban
Wahidi Habban (Arabic: واحدي حبان Wāḥidī Ḥabbān), or the Wahidi Sultanate of Habban in Hadhramaut (Arabic: سلطنة الواحدي حبان حضرموت Salṭanat al-Wāḥidī Ḥabbān Ḥaḍramawt), was one of several Wahidi states in the British Aden Protectorate.  Its capital was Habban. The last sultan, Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi, was deposed and the state was abolished in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen. The area is now part of the Republic of Yemen.

Aden Protectorate
The Aden Protectorate (Arabic: محمية عدن Maḥmiyyat ‘Adan) was a British protectorate in southern Arabia. The protectorate evolved in the hinterland of the port of Aden and in the Hadhramaut after the conquest of Aden by the Bombay Presidency of British India in January 1839, and which continued until the 1960s. In 1940, it was divided for administrative purposes into the Western Protectorate and the Eastern Protectorate. The territory now forms part of the Republic of Yemen.

The rulers of the Aden Protectorate, as generally with the other British protectorates and protected states, retained a large degree of autonomy: their flags still flew over their government buildings, government was still performed by them or in their names, and their states maintained a distinct 'international personality' in terms of international law, in contrast to states possessed directly by the British Empire, such as Colony of Aden, where the British monarch was the sovereign.
Lung of Love
Lung of Love is the fourth studio album (and sixth overall) from American folk rock singer-songwriter Amy Ray, released on Daemon Records on February 28, 2012. It has received positive reviews from critics.

Amy Ray
Amy Elizabeth Ray (born April 12, 1964) is an American singer-songwriter and member of the contemporary folk duo Indigo Girls with Emily Saliers. She also pursues a solo career, releasing ten albums under her own name, and founded the independent label Daemon Records in 1989. Ray is known for her alto and tenor range, and plays both electric and acoustic guitar, as well as mandolin and harmonica.
Sneha Wagh
Sneha Wagh (born 4 October 1987) is an Indian actress who works in Hindi television. She is best known for her role as Jyoti in Imagine TV's drama series Jyoti and for her role in Star Plus's drama series Ek Veer Ki Ardaas...Veera. 
In 2021, she participated in Marathi reality show  Bigg Boss Marathi Season 3.

Bigg Boss Marathi season 3
Bigg Boss Marathi 3 is the third season of the Marathi version of the reality television show Bigg Boss broadcast in India. The grand premiere was held on 19 September 2021 on Colors Marathi and Voot with Mahesh Manjrekar as the host for the third time. The Grand Finale was held on 26 December 2021 where Vishal Nikam became the winner and Jay Dudhane became the runner-up.
Quez Watkins
Terrance "Quez" Watkins (born June 9, 1998) is an American professional football wide receiver for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Southern Miss Golden Eagles and was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the sixth round of the 2020 NFL draft. He signed with Pittsburgh in 2024.

Southern Miss Golden Eagles football
The Southern Miss Golden Eagles football program represents the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. They play college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. The Eagles are currently members of the Sun Belt Conference and play their home games at M. M. Roberts Stadium in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
Hauyne
Hauyne or haüyne, also called hauynite or haüynite (/ɑːˈwiːnaɪt/ ah-WEE-nyte), old name Azure spar,: 571  is a rare  tectosilicate sulfate mineral with endmember formula Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4).  As much as 5 wt % K2O may be present, and also H2O and Cl. It is a feldspathoid and a member of the sodalite group. Hauyne was first described in 1807 from samples discovered in Vesuvian lavas in Monte Somma, Italy, and was named in 1807 by Brunn-Neergard for the French crystallographer René Just Haüy (1743–1822). It is sometimes used as a gemstone.

Feldspathoid
The feldspathoids are a group of tectosilicate minerals which resemble feldspars but have a different structure and much lower silica content. They occur in rare and unusual types of igneous rocks, and are usually not found in rocks containing primary quartz. A notable exception where feldspathoids and quartz-bearing rocks are found together is the Red Hill Syenite.

Foid, a contraction of the term feldspathoid, is applied to any igneous rock containing up to 60% modal feldspathoid minerals. For example, a syenite with significant nepheline present can be termed a nepheline-bearing syenite or nepheline syenite, with the term nepheline replaceable by any foid mineral. Such terminology is used in the Streckeisen (QAPF) classification of igneous rocks.
Ken Patera
Kenneth Wayne Patera (born November 6, 1942) is an American retired professional wrestler, Olympic weightlifter, and strongman competitor. He was well known in the World Wrestling Federation from 1976 to 1981, 1984 to 1985 and 1987 to 1988 and American Wrestling Association.

American Wrestling Association
The American Wrestling Association (AWA) was an American professional wrestling promotion based in Minneapolis, Minnesota that ran from 1960 until 1991. It was founded by Verne Gagne and Wally Karbo. The promotion was born out of the Minneapolis Boxing & Wrestling Club, originally founded in 1933, which served as the Minnesota-based territory of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) from 1948 onward, before breaking away from the NWA and becoming an independent territory in 1960.
Group 3 (motorsport)
The Group 3 racing class referred to a set of regulations for Grand Touring Cars competing in sportscar racing and rallying events regulated by the FIA. These regulations were active, in various forms, from 1957 to 1981.

Group 4 (motorsport)
Group 4 referred to regulations for sportscars and grand touring (GT) cars used in racing and rallying, as regulated by the FIA. The group was introduced in 1954 and was replaced by Group B for the 1982 season.
Republic Square (Samsun)
Republic Square (Turkish: Samsun Cumhuriyet Square) is a large public square located in Ilkadim district of Samsun, Turkey. It is one of the two largest and busiest public squares in the center of Samsun including Samsun Saathane Square. The square was established in 1931 and has subsequently been renovated and expanded several times. The square sits atop a large municipal parking garage.

İlkadım
İlkadım is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 155 km2 (60 sq mi), and its population is 333,518 (2022). It is located on the coast of Black Sea. The district has an altitude of 5 meters. It is also the most populous district of Black Sea Region. The majority of the urbanized portion of Samsun City is located within İlkadım.

İlkadım is bordered by Canik district to the east, the Black Sea in the north, Atakum district to the west, and Kavak district to the south.
Rock Road massacre
The Rock Road massacre, also known as the Farwell murders or Clare County murders, was a 1982 mass murder in which seven members of the George W. Post family, four adults and three children, were killed with a shotgun and a handgun at a farmhouse on Rock Road in Garfield Township just west of Farwell, Michigan, United States.

Robert Lee Haggart, a 32-year-old livestock auctioneer, was convicted of the murders. The murders occurred on the day before a court hearing to finalize Haggart's divorce from one of the victims, Garnetta (Ronning) Haggart.

In December 1982, the Associated Press (AP) included the Post family murders at No. 3 on its list of the most important news stories in Michigan during 1982. As of 2026, the massacre still ranked as the third-largest mass murder in Michigan history, after the 1927 Bath School disaster and the 1971 Hazelwood massacre.

Farwell, Michigan
Farwell is a village in Clare County in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 880 at the 2020 census.  The village is located within Surrey Township about 4.0 miles (6.4 km) west of the city of Clare.
Mansur ibn al-Mahdi
Mansur ibn al-Mahdi (Arabic: منصور بن المهدي) was an Abbasid prince, son of Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi, brother of caliph al-Hadi and Harun al-Rashid. Mansur was governor of Syria during his nephew caliph al-Amin's reign.

Al-Mahdi
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Manṣūr (Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله المنصور; 744 or 745 – 785), better known by his regnal name al-Mahdī (المهدي, "He who is guided by God"), was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 775 to his death in 785. He succeeded his father, al-Mansur.
Curry County, Oregon
Curry County is the southwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Oregon located on the South Coast. As of the 2020 census, the population was 23,446. The county seat is Gold Beach. The county is named for George Law Curry, a two-time governor of the Oregon Territory. Curry County includes the Brookings, OR Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Brookings, Oregon
Brookings is a city in Curry County, Oregon, United States. It was named after John E. Brookings, president of the Brookings Lumber & Box Company, who founded the city in 1908. As of the 2020 census, the population was 6,744.
Allan Cup
The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Canada. It was donated by Sir Montagu Allan of Ravenscrag, Montreal, and has been competed for since 1909. It was most recently won by the Wentworth Gryphins in 2025.

H. Montagu Allan
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hugh Andrew Montagu Allan, CVO (October 13, 1860 – September 26, 1951) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He was the principal heir of his father, Sir Hugh Allan, and became deputy chairman of the family-owned Allan Steamship Line. He was president of several major Canadian financial institutions and of the Montreal General Hospital. He co-founded and was president of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal. In 1940, he and his wife donated their Montreal home, Ravenscrag, to the McGill University Faculty of Medicine, and it became known as the Allan Memorial Institute. He is best remembered as a sportsman who donated the Allan Cup, a trophy that is still awarded today to the Canadian men's amateur ice hockey champions.