hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Homotopy fiber
In mathematics, especially homotopy theory, the homotopy fiber (sometimes called the mapping fiber)  is part of a construction that associates a fibration to an arbitrary continuous function of topological spaces . It acts as a homotopy theoretic kernel of a mapping of topological spaces due to the fact it yields a long exact sequence of homotopy groups

Moreover, the homotopy fiber can be found in other contexts, such as homological algebra, where the distinguished triangle

gives a long exact sequence analogous to the long exact sequence of homotopy groups. There is a dual construction called the homotopy cofiber.

Fibration
The notion of a fibration generalizes the notion of a fiber bundle and plays an important role in algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics.

Fibrations are used, for example, in Postnikov systems or obstruction theory.

In this article, all mappings are continuous mappings between topological spaces.
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company
Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company was a mining and transportation company headquartered in Mauch Chunk, now known as Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania. The company operated from 1818 until its dissolution in 1964 and played an early and influential role in the American Industrial Revolution.

The company ultimately encompassed source industries, transport, and manufacturing, making it the first vertically integrated company in the United States.

Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
Jim Thorpe, known as Mauch Chunk and East Mauch Chunk until 1954, is a borough in and the county seat of Carbon County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is the burial site of Native American sports legend Jim Thorpe, who had no connection with the town in his lifetime. As of the 2020 census, Jim Thorpe had a population of 4,507.

Jim Thorpe is located in the Pocono Mountains, approximately 29 miles (47 km) northwest of Allentown, 83 miles (134 km) northwest of Philadelphia, and 117 miles (188 km) west of New York City.
UC Merced School of Engineering
The UC Merced School of Engineering (SoE) is one of the university's three founding schools, at the University of California, Merced. Established in 2005, it offers undergraduate and graduate programs in a wide variety of engineering fields. It currently occipies three major buildings on campus which support the instructional and research needs of the school. There are currently three ABET-accredited undergraduate engineering majors offered.

University of California, Merced
The University of California, Merced (UC Merced or colloquially, UCM) is a public land-grant research university in Merced County, California, United States. Established in 2005, UC Merced is the tenth and newest campus in the University of California (UC) system. The primary campus is located around 5 miles (8.0 km) north of the city of Merced and sits adjacent to Lake Yosemite. The main campus is around 1,026 acres (415 hectares) in size and is adjacent to large swaths of protected natural grasslands and vernal pools, which have shaped its development, capital planning, and research.

UC Merced offers over 60 undergraduate degrees and 18 graduate and professional degrees and roughly 8,000 undergraduates and 700 graduate students were enrolled at UCM as of fall 2023. In 2025 the university was classified as an R1 Carnegie research institution.
Athos (character)
Athos, Count de la Fère, is a fictional character in the novels The Three Musketeers (1844), Twenty Years After (1845) and The Vicomte de Bragelonne (1847–1850) by Alexandre Dumas, père. He is a highly fictionalised version of the historical musketeer Armand d'Athos (1615–1643).

Armand d'Athos
Armand, Seigneur de Sillègue, d'Athos, et d'Autevielle ("Lord of Sillègue, Athos, and Autevielle"), better known as Armand d'Athos  (c. 1615 – December 21, 1643), was a Gascon Black Musketeer of the Maison du Roi in 17th-century France. He took his name from the small market town of Athos-Aspis on the Gave d'Oloron, close to Sauveterre-de-Béarn and Autevielle. Athos was the first cousin once removed to the Comte de Troisville and first cousin of Isaac de Porthau.

According to the semi-fictional Mémoires de M. d'Artagnan, he formed a close friendship with Henri d'Aramitz and the aforementioned de Porthau, and they were called the "three brothers". He served as the inspiration for Alexandre Dumas's character Athos in The d'Artagnan Romances.
Bank of Industry and Mine
Bank of Industry and Mine (Persian: بانک صنعت و معدن, Bānk-e San'at va Ma'dan) is an Iranian government owned specialized bank located in Tehran, Iran. It endeavours to increase economic growth through the development of industry and mining.

In 2017, A Chinese state-owned investment firm provided a $10 billion credit line for five Iranian banks, including the Bank of Industry and Mine, "in order to support projects in the country".   In light of US sanctions, The bank, and its subsidiaries, have had financial dealings with Danish and German Banks.

In 2024, IRLeaks carried out a cyberattack on the Iranian banking sector, impacting 20 out of 29 banks, including the Bank of Industry and Mine as well as the Central Bank of Iran. Politico labeled it the "worst attack" in the nation's history.

Industry in Iran
According to a report by The Economist, Iran has been ranked 39th for producing $23 billion of industrial products in 2008. From 2008 to 2009 Iran has leaped to 28th place from 69th place in annual industrial production growth rate.

The government of Iran has plans for the establishment of 50–60 industrial parks by the end of the fifth Five-Year Socioeconomic Development Plan by 2015. Iranian contractors have been awarded several foreign tender contracts in different fields of construction of dams, bridges, roads, buildings, railroads, power generation, and gas, oil and petrochemical industries. As of 2011, some 66 Iranian industrial companies are carrying out projects in 27 countries. Iran has exported over $20 billion worth of technical and engineering services over 2001–2011. The availability of local raw materials, rich mineral reserves, experienced manpower have all collectively played crucial role in winning the international bids.
Anna Mae Hays
Anna Mae Violet Hays (née McCabe; February 16, 1920 – January 7, 2018) was an American military officer who served as the 13th chief of the United States Army Nurse Corps. She was the first woman in the United States Armed Forces to be promoted to a general officer rank; in 1970, she was promoted to brigadier general. Hays paved the way for equal treatment of women, countered occupational sexism, and made a number of recommendations which were accepted into military policy.

United States Army Nurse Corps
The United States Army Nurse Corps (USANC) was formally established by the U.S. Congress in 1901. It is one of the six medical special branches (or "corps") of officers which – along with medical enlisted soldiers – comprise the Army Medical Department (AMEDD). The ANC is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides nursing staff in support of the Department of Defense medical plans. The ANC is composed entirely of Registered Nurses (RNs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN).
Beijing–Binhai intercity railway
Beijing–Binhai intercity railway (abbreviated as Jingbin intercity railway), formerly known as the Second Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway, is a high-speed railway connecting the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin. The western section of the railway is built as part of the Beijing–Tangshan intercity railway. From Baodi railway station onwards, the railway will branch south along new trackage to Binhai West railway station in Binhai New Area of Tianjin.

Together with the Beijing–Tangshan intercity railway, this railway forms part of a proposed regional 4 North-South lines, 4 East-West lines that together form a network for fast commuter services across the densely populated Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei area.

Baodi railway station
Baodi railway station (Chinese: 宝坻站; pinyin: Bǎodǐ zhàn) is a railway station in Baodi District, Tianjin, China. The station opened on 30 December 2022. The station has two island platforms and two side platforms for a total of six platform faces.

The station is on the Beijing–Tangshan intercity railway and the Beijing–Binhai intercity railway which share a set of tracks to the west. To the east of the station, the lines split and head for Tangshan and Binhai West respectively.
Marist Brothers
The Marist Brothers of the Schools, commonly known as simply the Marist Brothers, is an international community of Catholic religious institute of brothers. In 1817, Marcellin Champagnat, a Marist priest from France, founded the Marist Brothers with the goal of educating young people, especially those most neglected. While most of the brothers minister in school settings, others work with young people in parishes, religious retreats, spiritual accompaniment, at-risk youth settings, young adult ministry, and overseas missions. Since the 2010s, several instances of sexual abuse within Marist-run institutions have been reported in Chile, Australia, and New Zealand.

Religious brother
A religious brother (abbreviated Br. or Bro. as a title) is a lay male member of a religious institute or religious order who commits himself to following Christ in consecrated life, usually by the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Equivalent to a religious sister, a religious brother typically lives in a religious community and works in a ministry appropriate to his capabilities.

A brother might practice any secular occupation. Some religious institutes are composed only of brothers; others are made up of brothers and clerics (priests or ministers, and seminarians).

In some Christian groups, members refer to each other as "brother" or "sister". For example, Shakers use the title for all adult male members.
Greenfield (Pittsburgh)
Greenfield is a neighborhood in the city of Pittsburgh, in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is part of the city's 15th Ward along with Hazelwood and Glen Hazel. Greenfield is adjacent to the neighborhoods of Squirrel Hill to the north and east (including Schenley Park, which shares a long border with Greenfield), Hazelwood to the south and west, and Oakland to the northwest. Greenfield includes the geographically and culturally distinct sub-neighborhood of Four Mile Run, also known as Rusyn Valley. Pittsburgh Fire Station #12 is located in the neighborhood on Winterburn Avenue.

Oakland (Pittsburgh)
Oakland is the academic and healthcare center of Pittsburgh and one of the city's major cultural centers. Home to three universities, museums, hospitals, shopping venues, restaurants, and recreational activities, this section of the city also includes two city-designated historic districts: the mostly residential Schenley Farms Historic District and the predominantly institutional Oakland Civic Center Historic District, as well as the locally-designated Oakland Square Historic District.

In addition, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire operates Fire Station No. 14 on McKee Place and Fire Station No. 10 on Allequippa Street.
Sandwich, Kent
Sandwich is a town and civil parish in the Dover District of Kent, south-east England. It lies on the River Stour and has a population of 4,985. Sandwich was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings, including several listed public houses and gates in the old town walls, churches, almshouses and the White Mill. While it was once a major port, Sandwich is now 2 miles (3 km) from the sea due to the disappearance of the Wantsum Channel. Its historic centre has been preserved. Sandwich Bay is home to nature reserves and two world-class golf courses, Royal St George's and Prince's. The town is also a home to many educational and cultural events. Sandwich also gave its name to the food by way of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and the word sandwich is now found in several languages.

Wantsum Channel
The Wantsum Channel was a strait separating the Isle of Thanet from the north-eastern extremity of the English county of Kent and connecting the English Channel and the Thames Estuary. It was a major shipping route when Britain was part of the Roman Empire, and continued in use until it was closed by silting in the late Middle Ages. Its course is now represented by the River Stour and the River Wantsum, which is little more than a drainage ditch lying between Reculver and St Nicholas-at-Wade and joins the Stour about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) south-east of Sarre.
Donghee
Donghee Holdings Co. Ltd. is a South Korean group of companies producing various automotive parts such as chassis, fuel tanks, pedal parts, sunroofs, axle housings and body panels. Donghee Auto Co. Ltd., one of its subsidiaries, co-manufactures the Kia Picanto in a joint venture plant with Kia.

Kia Picanto
The Kia Picanto is a city car that has been produced by the South Korean car manufacturer, Kia, since 2003. Other names of the car include Kia Morning (Korean: 기아 모닝, romanized: Gia Moning) in South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan (first two generations) and Chile, Kia EuroStar in Taiwan (first generation), Kia New Morning in Vietnam and the Naza Suria or Naza Picanto in Malaysia (first generation). The Picanto is primarily manufactured at the Donghee joint-venture plant in Seosan, South Korea, though some countries locally assemble complete knock-down versions of the car.

The vehicle has been developed in compliance with the "light car" (Korean: 경차, romanized: Gyeongcha) category in South Korea which offers tax incentives for vehicles with exterior dimensions below 3,600 mm (141.7 in) in length and 1,600 mm (63.0 in) in width.
Ruslan Lyubarskyi
Ruslan Lyubarskyi (born 29 September 1973) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is mostly known for his time playing in Košice in the Corgoň Liga and Maccabi Netanya in the Israeli Premier League.

FC VSS Košice
FC VSS Košice, formerly 1. FC Košice, was a Slovak football club based in Košice which played in the Slovak 2. Liga during the 2016–17 season. The club officially ceased operations on 27 July 2017.

The club, founded in 1903, has won the Slovak League twice, the Slovak Cup five times and the Czechoslovak Cup once. The most successful eras of the club were in the 1970s and 1990s which they spent mostly in the top tier of Czechoslovak and Slovak Football. Two of the UEFA Euro 1976 champions namely Dušan Galis and Jaroslav Pollák played for Košice.
Ochanomizu Station
Ochanomizu Station (御茶ノ水駅, Ochanomizu-eki) is a railway station in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro. The station straddles the boundary between the Chiyoda and Bunkyō special wards; the JR station is in the former while the Tokyo Metro station is in the latter.

Shin-ochanomizu Station
Shin-ochanomizu Station (新御茶ノ水駅, Shin-ochanomizu-eki) is a subway station on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyo Metro. Its station number is C-12.

Adjacent stations on the Chiyoda Line are Otemachi (C-11) and Yushima Station (C-13). Transfers are also possible to Awajicho Station (M-19) on the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line and Ogawamachi Station (S-07) on the Toei Shinjuku Line. East Japan Railway Company (JR East) Ochanomizu Station on the Chūō and the Chūō-Sōbu Lines lie above it at ground level.
Tuscan gorgia
The Tuscan gorgia (Italian: gorgia toscana [ˈɡɔrdʒa tosˈkaːna], Tuscan pronunciation: [ˈɡɔɾdʒa θosˈkaːna]; 'Tuscan throat') is a phonetic phenomenon governed by a complex of allophonic rules characteristic of the Tuscan dialects, in Tuscany, Italy, especially the central ones, with Florence traditionally viewed as the center.

Tuscan dialects
Tuscan (Italian: toscano [djaˈlɛtto tosˈkaːno; di.a-]; locally: vernacolo) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia.

Tuscan, especially its Florentine variety, formed the basis for establishing Standard Italian. Due mostly to the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini, the Tuscan-derived elaboration became the primary language of culture throughout Italy, and later the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed.
Wanderlei Silva
Wanderlei César da  Silva (/ˈvændərleɪ/ VAN-dər-lay, Brazilian Portuguese: [vɐ̃deʁˈlej ˈsɛzɐʁ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ], Japanese: [bandaɾeː ɕi.ɯba]; born 3 July 1976) is a Brazilian former mixed martial artist who competed in Japan's Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He holds the record for the most wins, knockouts, title defenses and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He is the former PRIDE Middleweight Champion and the 2003 PRIDE Middleweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion. He most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. In February 2024, Silva was announced as the next inductee in the "pioneer wing" of the UFC Hall of Fame.

Rampage Jackson
Quinton Ramone Jackson (born June 20, 1978), known by his ring name of Rampage Jackson, is an American former mixed martial artist, actor, kickboxer, professional wrestler, and online streamer. During the course of his mixed martial arts (MMA) career, Jackson won the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship, the Bellator Season 10 Light Heavyweight Tournament Championship, and unified the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship with the Pride FC World Middleweight Championship belt. Due to his eccentric personality and aggressive fighting style, Jackson became a star in Japan during his tenure with Pride FC and following his move to the UFC, he helped pioneer MMA's growth into a worldwide sport.
Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania
Upper Dublin Township is an affluent township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 26,665 at the 2020 census. Until the 1950s, Upper Dublin was mostly farmland and open space, but transitioned to a residential suburb during the postwar population boom. The population went from just over 6,000 residents in the 1950s to just under 20,000 by 1970. Today, Upper Dublin is mostly spread-out development housing, and has the fourth highest median income in Montgomery County.

Upper Dublin is made up of several community areas, many of which are unincorporated areas in Montgomery County with no legal status, and are used primarily by the US Postal Service. These community areas are portions of Ambler (19002) (excluding the Borough of Ambler), Dresher (19025), Fort Washington (19034), Jarrettown (19025), Maple Glen (19002), and small portions of Abington (19001), Ardsley (19038), North Hills (19038), Oreland (19075), and Willow Grove (19090).

Ambler, Pennsylvania
Ambler is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located approximately 16 miles (26 km) north of Center City Philadelphia.

As of the 2020 census, Ambler had a population of 6,807.
Eurycleidus
Eurycleidus is an extinct genus of large-bodied rhomaleosaurid known from the Early Jurassic period (most likely earliest Hettangian stage) of the United Kingdom. It contains a single species, E. arcuatus.

Rhomaleosaurus
Rhomaleosaurus (meaning "strong lizard") is an extinct genus of Early Jurassic (Toarcian age, about 183 to 175.6 million years ago) rhomaleosaurid pliosauroid known from Northamptonshire and from Yorkshire of the United Kingdom. It was first named by Harry Seeley in 1874 and the type species is Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni. It was one of the earliest large marine reptile predators which hunted in the seas of Mesozoic era, measuring about 7 metres (23 ft) long. Like other pliosaurs, Rhomaleosaurus fed on ichthyosaurs, ammonites and other plesiosaurs.
San Rafael, Mendoza
San Rafael is a city in the southern region of the Mendoza Province, Argentina. With more than 118,000 inhabitants (2010 census [INDEC]), it is the largest city in and the seat of San Rafael Department.

The city is located 240 km from the provincial capital and 990 km from the federal capital.  Natural attractions in the area include the Diamante River, which flows through the city, the rapids-strewn Atuel River just south and Lake Los Reyunos, 20 km (12 mi) west of San Rafael.

Atuel River
The Atuel River is a river located mainly in the south of the Argentine province of Mendoza, with its last part in La Pampa. It is a tributary of the Desaguadero River.

The Atuel is the longest river in Mendoza. It is born in the Andes range, at 3,250 metres (10,660 ft) above mean sea level, from the glacial Atuel Lake. It has a mean flow of 31.8 cubic metres per second (1,120 cu ft/s), and its drainage basin covers 13,000 square kilometres (5,000 sq mi). Its volume increases from November to March (around the summer).
Khalid Ahmad
Khalid Ahmad, PP (5 June 1943 – 19 March 2013) was a Pakistani Urdu poet, playwright and columnist. Born in Lucknow, to Mohammad Mustafa Khan 'Maddah', a well-known writer & politician for the Indian National Congress.

Ahmaq Phaphoondvi
Ahmaq Phaphoondvi (1895-1957) was the alias of Mohammad Mustafa Khan, an Indian Urdu poet, linguist, and freedom fighter. He is known for his contributions to literature, especially his satirical ghazals targeting the British Government of India. Phaphoondvi spent many years in the Aligarh jail for his active participation in the struggle for independence, including the Swaraj Movement and his association with the Indian National Congress.
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a type of drug that inhibits the reuptake of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and thereby increases extracellular levels of these neurotransmitters and noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. They work by competitively and/or noncompetitively inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT).

NDRIs are used clinically in the treatment of conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and depression. Examples of well-known NDRIs include methylphenidate and bupropion.

A closely related type of drug is a norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA).

Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent
A norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (NDRA) is a type of drug which induces the release of norepinephrine (and epinephrine) and dopamine in the body and/or brain. Many of these are amphetamine-type stimulants.
José Luis Oriol Urigüen
José Luis de Oriol y Urigüen, 2nd Marquis of Casa Oriol (1877–1972), was a Spanish businessman, architect and politician. As an architect he designed few historicist residential buildings, some of them very prestigious today. As a businessman he was the moving spirit behind Hidroeléctrica Española and Talgo. As a politician he served as Conservative and Traditionalist MP, growing into a local Álava tycoon.

Iberdrola
Iberdrola, S.A. (Spanish pronunciation: [iβeɾˈðɾola]) is a Spanish multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Spain. It has  around 40,000 employees and serves around 30 million customers.

Subsidiaries include ScottishPower (United Kingdom), Avangrid (United States) and Neoenergia (Brazil), amongst others. As of 2023, the largest shareholder of the company is the Qatar Investment Authority, with BlackRock and Norges Bank (managers of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global) also holding significant interests.

Iberdrola is the largest producer of wind power, and the world's second largest electricity utility by market capitalisation. As of 2023, the company operates a capacity of 62,045 MW, of which 41,246 MW are from renewable sources worldwide.