hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Thetford Castle
Thetford Castle is a medieval motte-and-bailey castle in the market town of Thetford in the Breckland area of Norfolk, England. The first castle in Thetford, a probable 11th-century Norman ringwork called Red Castle, was replaced in the 12th century by a much larger motte and bailey castle on the other side of the town. This new castle was largely destroyed in 1173 by Henry II, although the huge motte, the second-largest man-made mound in England, remained intact. The motte, recognised as a scheduled monument, now forms part of a local park, and the remains are known variously as Castle Hill, Castle Mound and Military Parade.

Motte-and-bailey castle
A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. Relatively easy to build with unskilled labour, but still militarily formidable, these castles were built across northern Europe from the 10th century onwards, spreading from Normandy and Anjou in France, into the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Low Countries it controlled, in the 11th century, when these castles were popularized in the area that became the Netherlands. The Normans introduced the design into England and Wales. Motte-and-bailey castles were adopted in Scotland, Ireland, and Denmark in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the end of the 13th century, the design was largely superseded by alternative forms of fortification, but the earthworks remain a prominent feature in many countries.
Zahid Valencia
Zahid Valencia (born May 11, 1997) is an amateur American freestyle wrestler and graduated folkstyle wrestler who competes at 86 kilograms. In freestyle, he was a 2025 World Champion at 86 kilograms and a 2023 World Championship medalist at 92 kilograms, and is a two-time US National and Pan American champion.

As an amateur folkstyle wrestler, he was a two-time NCAA Division I national champion and three-time Pac-12 Conference champion out of the Arizona State University.

Arizona State Sun Devils
The Arizona State Sun Devils are the athletic teams that represent Arizona State University. ASU has nine men's and eleven women's varsity teams competing at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Big 12 Conference. The mascot was adopted in 1946; earlier nicknames were the Normals and later, the Bulldogs. The Sun Devil mascot, Sparky, was designed by Bert Anthony, a former Disney illustrator. ASU's chief rival is the University of Arizona Wildcats, and both universities' athletics departments compete against each other in the Territorial Cup Series.

On August 4, 2023, Arizona State accepted an invite to join the Big 12 Conference, effective August 2, 2024.
Rome Laboratory
Rome Laboratory (Rome Air Development Center until 1991) is a U.S. Air Force research laboratory for "command, control, and communications" research and development and is responsible for planning and executing the USAF science and technology program.

It is located at Griffiss International Airport, New York. The Griffiss airfield was previous Griffiss Air Force Base for decades.

Griffiss International Airport
Griffiss International Airport (IATA: RME, ICAO: KRME, FAA LID: RME) is a public airport in the northeastern United States, located one mile (1.6 km) east of the central business district of Rome, a city in Oneida County, New York. Publicly owned by the county, the airport is located on the former site of Griffiss Air Force Base, which closed in 1995. Four years later, the airfield hosted the Woodstock '99 music festival.

Operations from the Oneida County Airport in Oriskany, about five miles (8 km) south, were transferred here in 2006, after which the county closed that airport in January 2007. Griffiss is a maintenance and storage facility for several regional airlines, including Republic Airways and Envoy Air.
Imperium
In ancient Rome, imperium was a form of authority held by a citizen to control a military or governmental entity. It is distinct from auctoritas and potestas, different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. One's imperium could be over a specific military unit, or it could be over a province or territory. Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator. In a general sense, imperium was the scope of someone's power, and could include anything, such as public office, commerce, political influence, or wealth.

Praetor
Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also pretor, was the title granted by the government of ancient Rome to a man acting in one of two official capacities: (i) the commander of an army, and (ii) as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned to discharge various duties. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective itself: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship. The minimum age for holding the praetorship was 39 during the Roman Republic, but it was later changed to 30 in the early Empire.
Mitre Line
The Mitre line is an Argentine broad gauge commuter rail service in Buenos Aires Province and is part of the Ferrocarril General Bartolomé Mitre division. The service is currently operated by the state-owned company Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado after the Government of Argentina rescinded its contract with Corredores Ferroviarios in March 2015.

Trenes Argentinos Operaciones
Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado (SOFSE), trading as Trenes Argentinos Operaciones, is an Argentine state-owned company created in 2008 to operate passenger services in Argentina. It operates as a division of Ferrocarriles Argentinos S.E.

Since March 2015, SOFSE has run the Buenos Aires commuter rail services Mitre, San Martín, Roca and Belgrano Sur lines previously operated by private companies.
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just", but did not empower the government to fix specific rates. It also required that railroads publicize shipping rates and prohibited short haul or long haul fare discrimination, a form of price discrimination against smaller markets, particularly farmers in Western or Southern Territory compared to the official Eastern states.   The Act created a federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which it charged with monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied with the new regulations.

With the passage of the Act, the railroad industry became the first industry subject to federal regulation by a regulatory body. It was later amended to regulate other modes of transportation and commerce.

Interstate Commerce Commission
The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was a regulatory agency in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Beginning in 1906, Congress expanded the ICC's authority to regulate other modes of commerce. The Commission's five members were appointed by the president with the consent of the United States Senate. This was the first independent agency (or so-called Fourth Branch).

Over the course of the latter half of the 20th century, Congress took away many of the ICC's powers and reassigned them to other federal agencies. Congress eventually abolished the ICC in 1995 and transferred its remaining functions to a new agency, the Surface Transportation Board.
2022 Saskatchewan New Democratic Party leadership election
An election for the leadership of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party was held on June 26, 2022 in Regina, Saskatchewan as a result of the resignation of Ryan Meili. Carla Beck was chosen the party's first elected female leader.

Carla Beck
Carla Beck (born October 15, 1973) is a Canadian politician who has served as leader of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party and Saskatchewan's Official Opposition since 2022. Beck was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the district of Regina Lakeview in the 2016 provincial election. Beck is the first elected female leader of the Saskatchewan NDP.
Simonne Mathieu
Simonne Mathieu (French pronunciation: [simɔn matjø] née Passemard;) (31 January 1908 – 7 January 1980) was a tennis player from France, born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, who was active in the 1930s. She won the French Championships singles title in 1938 and 1939.

During World War II, she created and led the Corps of French Volunteers in the Free French Forces, the first female unit in the military history of France.

Corps des Volontaires françaises
The Corps of French Female Volunteers (French: Corps des Volontaires françaises, or CVF) was a military auxiliary service established by the Free French forces in the United Kingdom during World War II. It was founded on 7 November 1940 as the Female Corps (French: Corps féminin, CF) and was inspired by the precedent of the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) and was the first female unit in the military history of France. It was initially commanded by Simonne Mathieu and later by Hélène Terré. Initially only 26-strong, the CF was intended to provide personnel to serve in clerical and secretarial functions that would enable male personnel to be dispatched to front-line units. The CF was renamed on 16 November 1941 and formally integrated into the Free French Forces. It numbered 430 women by July 1943. It was disbanded in May 1944 at the start of the Liberation of France and was superseded by the Arme féminine the following month.
Enola Holmes 2
Enola Holmes 2 is a 2022 mystery film and the sequel to the 2020 film Enola Holmes, both of which star Millie Bobby Brown as the title character, the teenage sister of the already-famous Victorian-era detective Sherlock Holmes (portrayed by Henry Cavill). The film is directed by Harry Bradbeer from a screenplay by Jack Thorne that adapts the book series The Enola Holmes Mysteries by Nancy Springer. Unlike the film's predecessor, it does not adapt one of Springer's novels and instead takes real-life inspiration from the matchgirls' strike. In addition to Brown and Cavill, Louis Partridge, Susie Wokoma, Adeel Akhtar, and Helena Bonham Carter reprise their supporting roles while David Thewlis and Sharon Duncan-Brewster join the cast.

Filming began in Autumn 2021 and ended in January 2022. Enola Holmes 2 was released on Netflix on November 4, 2022. The film received positive reviews from critics and topped Netflix's viewership charts in 93 countries. A third film is in production.

Minor Sherlock Holmes characters
This article describes minor characters from the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and from non-canonical derived works. The list excludes the titular character as well as Dr. Watson, Professor Moriarty, Inspector Lestrade, Mycroft Holmes, Mrs. Hudson, Irene Adler, Colonel Moran, the Baker Street Irregulars, and characters not significant enough to mention.
Tissington Trail
The Tissington Trail is a bridleway, footpath and cycleway in Derbyshire, England, along part of the trackbed of the former railway line connecting Ashbourne to Buxton.  It takes its name from the village of Tissington, which it skirts. Opened in 1971, and now a part of the National Cycle Network, it stretches for 13 miles (21 km) from Parsley Hay (53°10′14″N 1°46′58″W﻿ / ﻿53.1706°N 1.7828°W﻿ / 53.1706; -1.7828﻿ (Tissington Trail (Parsley Hay trailhead))) in the north to Ashbourne (53°01′11″N 1°44′23″W﻿ / ﻿53.0196°N 1.7397°W﻿ / 53.0196; -1.7397﻿ (Tissington Trail (Ashbourne trailhead))) in the south.

Parsley Hay railway station
Parsley Hay railway station served Parsley Hay, a hamlet within Hartington Middle Quarter civil parish, about 9.3 miles (15 km) south east of Buxton, Derbyshire, on the LNWR line to Ashbourne.  The nearest large settlement is the village of Hartington.
Shin-ichi Sakamoto
Shin-ichi Sakamoto (Japanese: 坂本眞一, Hepburn: Sakamoto Shin-ichi, born July 19, 1972) is a Japanese manga artist known for his seinen manga series The Climber and the Innocent duology. Both The Climber and Innocent were awarded an Excellence Award at the Japan Media Arts Festival. His newest series #DRCL midnight children began serialization in Grand Jump in 2021.

DRCL midnight children
#DRCL midnight children is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shin-ichi Sakamoto. It is based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. It is being serialized monthly in Shueisha's Grand Jump, with its chapters collected in six tankōbon volumes as of June 2025. #DRCL midnight children is a story set in 19th-century Britain that follows Mina Murray and her colleagues as they attempt to obtain victory against a foe from a far away land in the East.
Choi Sang-mok
Choi Sang-mok (Korean: 최상목, born 7 June 1963) is a South Korean politician who served as the acting president and acting prime minister of South Korea from December 2024 to March 2025, following the impeachment of Han Duck-soo, which was subsequently overturned by the Constitutional Court.

Choi served as the deputy prime minister and the minister of economy and finance from December 2023 to May 2025. Choi was initially expected to assume the acting presidency and prime ministership again on 2 May, when Han resigned to run for president, but resigned on the night of 1 May, ahead of an anticipated impeachment vote in the National Assembly. Therefore, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education Lee Ju-ho assumed the acting presidency.

Constitutional Court of Korea
The Constitutional Court of Korea (Korean: 헌법재판소; Hanja: 憲法裁判所) is a constitutional court of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. It is one of the two apex courts – along with the Supreme Court – in South Korea's judiciary that mainly exercises constitutional review. Composed of nine justices, the court has the power to nullify unconstitutional laws, remove impeached officials from office, dissolve antidemocratic political parties, oversee disputes on powers of public authorities, and handle constitutional complaints.
Crawford Productions
Crawford Productions is an Australian former media production house, now primarily involved in distribution and licensing. It focused on the radio and television industries.

Founded in Melbourne, Victoria in 1945 by Hector Crawford and his sister, actress and voice-over artist Dorothy Crawford, the company, also known as Crawfords Australia, is now a subsidiary of the WIN Corporation.

The company has been defunct as a production house since 2002, and it now markets DVDs of it former programs.

WIN Corporation
WIN Corporation is a private Australian media company that owns assets including the WIN Television network, Crawford Productions and several local radio stations. The company is based in Wollongong, New South Wales.
Hydroxycarbamide
Hydroxycarbamide, also known as hydroxyurea, is an antimetabolite medication used in sickle-cell disease, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and cervical cancer. In sickle-cells disease it increases fetal hemoglobin and decreases the number of attacks. It is taken by mouth.

Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, fevers, loss of appetite, psychiatric problems, shortness of breath, and headaches. There is also concern that it increases the risk of later cancer. Use during pregnancy is typically harmful to the fetus. Hydroxycarbamide is in the antineoplastic family of medications. It is believed to work by blocking the making of DNA.

Hydroxycarbamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Hydroxycarbamide is available as a generic medication.

Antimetabolite
An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism. Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the antifolates that interfere with the use of folic acid; thus, competitive inhibition can occur, and the presence of antimetabolites can have toxic effects on cells, such as halting cell growth and cell division, so these compounds are used in chemotherapy for cancer.
Coed School
Coed School (Korean: 남녀공학) was a South Korean pop group formed by record company Core Contents Media in 2010. The co-ed group consisted of four female members: Soomi, Hyoyoung, Hyewon, and Chanmi; and six male members: Taewoon, Sungmin, Jungwoo, Kwanghaeng, Kangho, and Noori. The group was eventually divided into two sub-units: an all female-group called F-ve Dolls (2011) and an all-male group called SPEED (2012).

Lee Seo-an
Lee Soo-mi (Korean: 이수미; born March 3, 1989), professionally known by her stage name Lee Seo-an, is a South Korean actress and singer. Using her birth name, she debuted as a new member of SeeYa in 2009 and left the group due to being included in a new group line-up Coed School in 2010 by Core Contents Media and also debuted with the girl group F-ve Dolls in 2011. In 2012, Lee terminated her contracts with Core Contents Media and signed D-Business Entertainment in 2013 to pursue her solo career. After taking a break for three-years, Lee transitioned into acting appearing on China IQIYI's Teacher Good Night in 2016 under the stage name Lee Seo-an.
Peter R. de Vries
Peter Rudolf de Vries (14 November 1956 – 15 July 2021) was a Dutch investigative journalist and crime reporter. His television program Peter R. de Vries, misdaadverslaggever (Crime Reporter; 1995–2012) covered high-profile cases and set a Dutch television viewing record. For decades he was famous in the Netherlands for his works in unsolved crimes. He also became internationally renowned for his programme covering the disappearance of Natalee Holloway. In 2005, he founded his own political party which was disbanded soon after.

On 6 July 2021, De Vries was shot in the head after leaving the television studio of RTL Boulevard in Amsterdam where he had appeared as a guest. He was taken to the VU University Medical Center in critical condition, where he died nine days later.

Party for Justice, Action and Progress
The Party for Justice, Action and Progress (Partij voor Rechtvaardigheid, Daadkracht en Vooruitgang) was a political party in the Netherlands without parliamentary representation. It was founded May 2005 by the crime journalist Peter R. de Vries. The abbreviation of the party's name, PRDV, is also his initials. It is the former name of 50PLUS, the Seniors Party.

On 31 October 2005, he presented his plans that mainly focused on changing the existing political culture in the Netherlands. To prove his point, he stated that an opinion poll on 16 December would decide whether he would actually continue his party or not, with a 41% cut-off point. Since only 31.4% thought De Vries would be a gain for Dutch politics, he decided to disband the party.
Lois Reeves
Sandra Delores Reeves (born April 12, 1948), better known as Lois Reeves, is an American singer, most notable for being the younger sister of Motown legend  Martha Reeves, for having replaced popular Martha and the Vandellas member Betty Kelly as member of her sister's group in 1967, and for later singing background for records by Al Green in the 1970s as a member of the backing group Quiet Elegance. Lois' nickname was "Pee Wee" as she is only 5'1" tall.

Quiet Elegance
Quiet Elegance were an American female singing group founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, in 1971. The group toured extensively as backing singers and also recorded a number of Soul and Southern soul music singles during the 1970s. Two albums of their songs were released after they disbanded in 1977.
Kenneth Grant Fraser
Kenneth Grant Fraser O.B.E., M.D., Edin., D.P.H., F.R.C.S.E. or "Dr Fraser" as he is commonly remembered, was a Scottish missionary doctor and educator in Southern Sudan, specifically working among the Moru people.

He was born in 1877 in Scotland.  He died in Lui, South Sudan on 10 February 1935.

Moru people
Moru is an ethnic group of South Sudan. Most of them live in Western Equatoria. They speak  Moru, a Central South Sudanic language. Many members of this ethnicity are Christians, most being members of the Episcopal Church of the South Sudan (ECS). The Pioneer missionary in the area was Dr Kenneth Grant Fraser of the Church Missionary Society (CMS). The population of this ethnicity possibly does not exceed 200,000.
National Archives for Black Women's History
National Archives for Black Women's History (formerly the National Council of Negro Women's National Library, Archives, and Museum) is an archive located at 3300 Hubbard Rd, Landover, Maryland. It is dedicated to cataloguing, restoring and preserving the documents and photographs of African-American women. The collection work began in 1935 and was formalized into the National Archives for Black Women's History in 1978. Originally housed at 1318 Vermont Avenue, Washington, D.C., in the carriage house of the former home of Mary McLeod Bethune, which is now a National Historic Site, the archive was controversially moved in 2014 by the National Park Service citing concerns over the inadequacy of the original site for preservation of its collection.

Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site
The Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site preserves the house of Mary McLeod Bethune, located in Northwest Washington, D.C., at 1318 Vermont Avenue NW. National Park Service rangers offer tours of the home, and a video about Bethune's life is shown. It is part of the Logan Circle Historic District.

The house is about five blocks north-northeast of the McPherson Square Washington Metro on the Blue and Orange Lines, and about five blocks south of the U Street Metro station on the Green Line. It is a half block southwest of Logan Circle.
Þorlákur Skúlason
Þorlákur Skúlason (24 August 1597 – 4 January 1656) was bishop of Hólar from 1628 until his death in 1656. During his tenure, he oversaw publication of the second Icelandic translation of the full Bible.

Bible translations into Icelandic
The history of Bible translations into Icelandic began with the country's conversion to Christianity around 1000 CE but efforts accelerated with the Icelandic Reformation in the mid-16th century. Since then, 11 complete translations of the Bible have been completed into Icelandic. Currently, the Icelandic Bible Society oversees translation and production of Icelandic-language Bibles with the most recent full translation completed in 2007.