hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gentleman Usher
Gentleman Usher and Lady Usher are titles for some officers of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom. Historically the Gentlemen Ushers were among the most senior officials of the king's Chamber, next in rank only to the Chamberlain and the Vice-Chamberlain; their role was first documented in the fifteenth century (for a list of office-holders from the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 up to the present day, see List of Lady and Gentleman Ushers).

Gentleman Ushers were originally a class of servants found not only in the Royal Household, but in lesser establishments as well. They were regularly found in the households of Tudor noblemen, and were prescribed by Richard Brathwait, in his Household of an Earle, as one of the "officers and Servants the state of an Earle requireth to have".

Black Rod
The Gentleman or Lady Usher of the Black Rod, often shortened to Black Rod, is a senior parliamentary officer similar to a serjeant-at-arms, responsible for ceremonial protocol and maintaining order within a legislative chamber. The role originated in the House of Lords of the Parliament of England during the 14th century, and was exported to the upper houses of other Westminster system legislatures. Besides the British House of Lords, the office now exists in Australia's federal and state upper houses, in Canada's federal upper house and some unicameral provincial houses, and for ceremonial purposes in New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The position is named after the staff of office carried by the official, a black rod. The Gentleman/Lady Usher often has a deputy called the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod.
I Love You, Man
I Love You, Man is a 2009 American  bromantic comedy film written and directed by John Hamburg, based on a script by Larry Levin. The film stars Paul Rudd as a friendless man struggling to find a best man for his upcoming wedding, and the new best friend (Jason Segel) he finds strains his relationship with his fiancée (Rashida Jones).

The film was produced by DreamWorks Pictures, De Line Pictures, Bernard Gayle Productions and The Montecito Picture Company and released theatrically in the United States by Paramount Pictures on March 20, 2009, to mostly positive reviews. The film grossed $92 million on a $40 million budget. It marked the third collaboration between Segel and Rudd, after Knocked Up (2007) and Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008).

Bromance
A bromance is a very close and non-sexual relationship between two or more men. It is an exceptionally tight, affectional, homosocial, male bonding relationship exceeding that of usual friendship, and is distinguished from normal friendship by a particularly high level of emotional intimacy. The emergence of the concept since the beginning of the 21st century has been seen as reflecting a change in societal perception and interest in the theme, with an increasing openness of Western society in the 21st century to reconsider exclusivity constraints. The female version of the bromance is the womance.
The Range (retailer)
CDS (Superstores International) Limited, trading as The Range, is a British variety store and garden centre retailer, originally founded as Chris Dawson Superstores in 1989 as a single store in Plymouth.

In the 1990s, it became a chain and was rebranded to 'The Range', establishing a presence across the South West by the end of the decade. In the 2000s, it engaged in rapid nationwide expansion and became one of the UK's fastest growing retailers.

In September 2023, it acquired the Wilko brand and website from administration, and returned Wilko stores to the high street in December of that year. In November 2024, it acquired the Homebase brand and 49 of its stores from administration, rebranding these stores as 'The Range'. The company also refocused its existing garden centres and kitchen showrooms as Homebase-branded concessions, as well as acquiring the Bathstore brand and relaunching Homebase.co.uk.

Bathstore
Bathstore is a British bathroom brand which was originally the name of a company founded in 1990 by Nico de Beer and Patrick Riley in Croydon, South London. The company expanded nationally, reaching 160 showrooms by the mid-2010s.

In July 2019, Homebase rescued Bathstore’s intellectual property and 44 of the showrooms from administration. The final standalone Bathstore showroom would close in March 2022, as Homebase had focused on incorporating Bathstore showrooms inside its main store portfolio. In November 2024, Homebase itself entered administration. CDS Superstores (trading as The Range) rescued both the Homebase and Bathstore intellectual properties, selling Bathstore items through their re-launched Homebase.co.uk

Bathstore was brought into The Range stores from 26 September 2025, starting at the Milton Keynes branch.
Gary Brabham
Gary Thomas Brabham (born 29 March 1961) is an Australian former professional racing driver and convicted child rapist. He is the son of three-time World Formula One Champion Sir Jack Brabham and the brother of Le Mans winners Geoff and David Brabham.

Brahbham's solitary F1 berth came with Life, a team that failed to prequalify for a single F1 race in its lone season of existence. Brabham's career never fully recovered, despite winning the 1991 Sebring 12 Hours and being the first Australian to start the Gold Coast Indy Grand Prix. After his career, Brabham was convicted of child rape.

1991 12 Hours of Sebring
The Nissan Present the 39th Annual 12 Hours of Sebring International Grand Prix of Endurance, was the third round of both the 1991 Camel GT Championship and Exxon Supreme GT Series and was held at the Sebring International Raceway, on 16 March.
Manhattan (cocktail)
A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters. While rye is the traditional whiskey of choice, other commonly used whiskies include Canadian whisky, bourbon, blended whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey. The cocktail is usually stirred with ice then strained into a chilled cocktail glass and garnished traditionally with a maraschino cherry. A Manhattan may also be served on the rocks in a lowball glass.

The whiskey-based Manhattan is one of five cocktails named for a New York City borough. It is closely related to the Brooklyn cocktail, which uses dry vermouth and Maraschino liqueur in place of the Manhattan's sweet vermouth, and Amer Picon in place of the Manhattan's angostura bitters.

The Manhattan is one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's 1948 classic The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks.

Rye whiskey
Rye whiskey can refer to two different, but related, types of whiskey:

American rye whiskey, which is similar to bourbon whiskey, but must be distilled from at least 51 percent rye grain

Canadian whisky, which is often referred to as (and often labelled as) rye whisky for historical reasons, although it does not necessarily include any rye grain.
Penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems. The term is of Scots origin, and was inherited from the earlier technology of mill ponds and watermills, with penstocks diverting pond waters to drive the mills.

Sluice
A sluice (/slus/ SLOOS) is a water channel containing a sluice gate, a type of lock to manage water flow and water level. There are various types of sluice gates, including flap sluice gates and fan gates.

Sluices are used for channeling water toward a water mill, including for transporting logs from steep hillsides. Different terms are used regionally for sluices; the terms sluice, sluice gate, knife gate, and slide gate are used interchangeably in the water and wastewater control industry.
STANAG 4626
STANAG 4626 is a NATO Standardization Agreement which defines a set of Open Architecture Standards for Avionics Architecture, particularly in the field of Integrated Modular Avionics. The purpose of this standard is to establish uniform requirements for the architecture for Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) systems as defined by the ASAAC program. A reference implementation is on SourceForge under an Apache license.

Allied Standards Avionics Architecture Council
Allied Standards Avionics Architecture Council, or ASAAC, is an effort to define and validate a set of Open Architecture Standards for Avionics Architecture, particularly in the field of Integrated Modular Avionics.

ASAAC is managed by the UK Ministry of Defence, and many major European Avionics companies  participate in the Working group, such as:

BAE Systems

GE Aviation Systems (formerly Smiths Aerospace)

Dassault Aviation

Thales Group

EADS

ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH

General Dynamics (UK branch)
Myra Bradwell
Myra Colby Bradwell (February 12, 1831 – February 14, 1894) was an American publisher and political activist. She attempted in 1869 to become the first woman to be admitted to the Illinois 
bar to practice law, but was denied admission by the Illinois Supreme Court in 1870 and the United States Supreme Court in 1873, in rulings upholding a separate women's sphere. Bradwell had founded and published Chicago Legal News from 1868, reporting on the law and continued that work. Meanwhile, influenced by her case, in 1872 the Illinois legislature passed a state law prohibiting gender discrimination in admission to any occupation or profession (with the exception of the military).

In 1890, the Illinois Supreme Court on its own motion granted Bradwell admission to the Illinois bar, and the United States Supreme Court followed suit two years later. In 1994, Myra Bradwell was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.

Bradwell v. Illinois
Bradwell v. State of Illinois, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 130 (1873), was a United States Supreme Court case which ruled that women were not granted the right to practice a profession under the United States Constitution. The case was brought to the court by Myra Bradwell, who sought to be admitted to the bar to practice law in Illinois. The Court ruled that the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not include the right to practice a profession as a woman. This court case was a Fourteenth Amendment challenge to sex discrimination in the United States, and it no longer reflects current legal standards as current Title VII Laws restrict employment discrimination based on gender.
Pasukan Gerakan Khas
Pasukan Gerakan Khas (Abbreviation: PGK; 'Special Operations Command — Police SOCOM', Jawi: ڤاسوكن ڬرقن خاص) is a special operations command of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). The PGK has two distinct sub-units; the Special Actions Unit (Malay: Unit Tindakhas — UTK) and the 69 Commando Battalion (Very Able Trooper 69 — VAT 69; Malay: 69 Komando).

Operators of UTK and VAT 69 are specially trained to intervene in high-risk events like hostage and barricade situations by hostile forces, especially terrorists and/or criminals. It originally had over 4,000 full-time operators, but its actual size and organisation are classified. Both units commonly function as a high-level national tactical team in extremely sensitive or dangerous situations.

UNGERIN
The Marine Assault Team (MAST) (Malay: Unit Gempur Marin, Jawi: اونيت ڬمڤور مارين), formally known as the UNGERIN is a maritime counter terrorism and tactical unit of the Royal Malaysia Police's Marine Operations Force. Having become fully operational in 2007, the UNGERIN conducts anti-piracy and counter-terrorism operations in the coastal waters surrounding Malaysia and assists the marine police to respond swiftly.

UNGERIN operates out of the RMP's Marine Police Main Base in Port Klang, Selangor.

For most operations, the unit is supported by various Malaysian special forces units, including Pasukan Gerakan Khas when crimes takes place in Malaysian waters.
Jureur
During the French Revolution, Catholic clergy in France who agreed to swear an oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy were called prêtres jureurs (English: "juring priests"). They were regarded as traitors to the faith by many Catholics, including the pope and Queen Marie Antoinette—who famously refused to confess to a juring priest while on the gallows for her execution, thinking it would be an invalid sacrament.

Refractory clergy
During the French Revolution, the National Assembly abolished the traditional structure of the Catholic Church in France and reorganized it as an institution within the structure of the new French government through the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. One of the new requirements placed upon all clergy was the necessity of an oath of loyalty to the State before all foreign influences such as the Pope. This created a schism within the French clergy, with those taking the oath known as juring priests, and those refusing the oath known as non-juring clergy or refractory clergy.
Glider (aircraft)
A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although motor-gliders have small engines for extending their flight when necessary by sustaining the altitude (normally a sailplane relies on rising air to maintain altitude) with some being powerful enough to take off by self-launch.

There are a wide variety of types differing in the construction of their wings, aerodynamic efficiency, location of the pilot, controls and intended purpose. Most exploit meteorological phenomena to maintain or gain height. Gliders are principally used for the air sports of gliding, hang gliding and paragliding. However some spacecraft have been designed to descend as gliders and in the past military gliders have been used in warfare. Some simple and familiar types of glider are toys such as paper planes and balsa wood gliders.

Lift (soaring)
Lift is a meteorological phenomenon used as an energy source by soaring aircraft and soaring birds. The most common human application of lift is in sport and recreation. The three air sports that use soaring flight are: gliding, hang gliding and paragliding.

Energy can be gained by using rising air from four sources:

Thermals (where air rises due to heat),

Ridge lift, where air is forced upwards by a slope,

Wave lift, where a mountain produces a standing wave,

Convergence, where two air masses meet

In dynamic soaring it is also possible to gain energy, though this uses differences in wind speeds rather than rising air.
Edmund Wilson Searby
Edmund Wilson Searby (March 7, 1896 – September 14, 1944) was an American United States Army officer. He served during World War II as the Division Artillery Commander of the 80th Infantry Division. He lost his life during the battle to liberate the town of Pont-à-Mousson in Meurthe-et-Moselle. At his request, he was interred with the other soldiers who fought in France.

He earned several posthumous awards, including the Silver Star from the American president.

80th Training Command
The 80th Training Command (The Army School System – TASS) is a formation of the United States Army Reserve.

The unit was first organized in August 1917 and activated the following September during World War I as the 80th Division. During World War II, the Division was redesignated on 1 August 1942, as the 80th Infantry Division.  Nicknamed the "Blue Ridge Division", it was initially composed of draftees from the mid-Atlantic states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Division was redesignated the 80th Airborne Division from December 1946 to May 1952. In May 1952 and March 1959, the unit was redesignated as a reserve infantry division and then a reserve training division. In 1994, it became the 80th Division (Institutional Training). On 1 October 2008, the division was reorganised as the 80th Training Command.
Mahendra Highway
Mahendra Highway or NH01 (previously: H01) (Nepali: महेन्द्र राजमार्ग), also called East-West Highway (Nepali: पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग), runs across the Terai geographical region of Nepal, from Mechinagar in the east to Bhim Datta in the west, cutting across the entire width of the country. It is the longest highway in Nepal and was constructed in cooperation with various countries. The highway is named after King Mahendra Shah.

Mechinagar Municipality
Mechinagar (Nepali: मेचीनगर) is a municipality in Jhapa District, Koshi Province, Nepal and is the main entry point from India on Nepal's eastern border.  Nepal's customs office is in Kakarvitta (Nepali: काँकडभिट्टा), a section of the municipality. The city lies 475 km southeast of the capital Kathmandu and 115 km east of Biratnagar, the capital of Koshi Province.
Raivaaja
Raivaaja (English: The Pioneer) was a Finnish-language newspaper published from 1905 to 2009 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, by Raivaaja Publishing Company. For the first three decades of its existence the publication was closely associated with the Socialist Party of America (SPA). In 1936 as part of a large factional split in the SPA, the former Finnish Socialist Federation severed its connection to become the "Finnish American League for Democracy," with Raivaaja remaining the official organ of this remodeled organization.

During its final years the publication included both English language and Finnish language content. It was last edited by Marita Cauthen from 1984 until its termination in 2009. Today the not-for-profit Raivaaja Foundation still runs a website and an online bookstore.

Finnish Socialist Federation
The Finnish Socialist Federation (Finnish: Amerikan Suomalainen Sosialistijärjestö) was a language federation of the Socialist Party of America which united Finnish language-speaking immigrants in the United States in a national organization designed to conduct propaganda and education for socialism among their community.

In 1936, in response to a factional split in the Socialist Party which saw the party's moderate wing quit en masse to form the Social Democratic Federation of America, the Finnish Socialist Federation similarly departed to reestablish itself as the Finnish American League for Democracy (Finnish: Amerikan Suomalainen Kansanvallan Liitto).
125th New York Infantry Regiment
The 125th New York Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment from Rensselaer County, New York, during the American Civil War. Formed during the summer of 1862, the unit was officially mustered into United States Service on 27–29 August 1862, by Col. George L. Willard. He had seen previous service in the Mexican War as well. Levin Crandall was commissioned lieutenant colonel, and James C. Bush major.  The unit was mustered out on 5 June 1865.

George L. Willard
George Lamb Willard (August 15, 1827 – July 2, 1863) was an officer in the United States Army who served in the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War. He lost his life leading a brigade in the II Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg. Colonel Willard was the namesake of Fort Willard.
Radulotubus
Radulotubus is a monotypic genus of corticioid or crust fungi in the family Radulomycetaceae containing the single resupinate species Radulotubus resupinatus. This species was found in Yunnan province, China and formally classified in 2016. The specimen was found growing on the fallen trunk of an angiosperm. It was originally placed in the family Pterulaceae and noted to be closesly related with Aphanobasidium and Radulomyces.

A major reclassification of the Pterulaceae family occurred in 2020 and the genera Aphanobasidium, Radulomyces and Radulotubus were moved to a new family, Radulomycetaceae by the mycologists Caio A. Leal-Dutra, Bryn Tjader Mason Dentinger and Gareth W. Griffith.

Radulomycetaceae
The Radulomycetaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales.

The family was introduced in 2020 based on phylogenetic analysis and incorporates the genera Aphanobasidium, Radulomyces and Radulotubus.
486th Fighter Squadron
The 486th Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit.  It activated during World War II and was assigned to the 352nd Fighter Group of VIII Fighter Command.  After training in the United States, it deployed to the European Theater of Operations, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and a French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its combat actions.  Following V-E Day, it returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation, Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, on 9 November 1945.

352nd Fighter Group
The 352nd Fighter Group was a unit of the Eighth Air Force that was located in the European Theater of Operations during World War II.
 The unit served as bomber escort, counter-air patrols, and attacking ground targets. It initially flew P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft before converting to P-51 Mustang in April 1944. The group was located at RAF Bodney in England for the majority of its service and were nicknamed the Blue-nosed Bastards of Bodney due to the distinctive blue of the nose and upper cowl of the P-51 Mustangs of the group.
Støvlet-Cathrine
Anne Cathrine Benthagen, known in history by her nickname Støvlet-Cathrine (b. Copenhagen, c. 1745 – d. Plön, Holstein, 1805), was a Danish prostitute, one of the best known courtesans in Copenhagen in the 1760s and the official royal mistress of King Christian VII of Denmark.

Christian VII
Christian VII (29 January 1749 – 13 March 1808) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death in 1808. He was affected by mental illness and was only nominally king for most of his reign. His royal advisers changed depending on the outcome of power struggles. From 1770 to 1772, his court physician Johann Friedrich Struensee was the de facto ruler of the country and introduced progressive reforms signed into law by the king. Struensee was deposed by a coup in 1772, after which the country was ruled by Christian's stepmother, Queen Dowager Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, his half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederick, and the Danish politician Ove Høegh-Guldberg. From 1784 until Christian VII's death in 1808, Christian's son, later Frederick VI, acted as unofficial prince regent.
Director of National Parks
Director of National Parks is a Commonwealth corporate entity responsible for the management of a portfolio of terrestrial and marine protected areas proclaimed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Parks Australia (formerly the Australian Nature Conservation Agency and the Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service) is a division of the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water which supports the Director of National Parks in the management of six Commonwealth national parks, the Australian National Botanic Gardens, and 60 Australian marine parks.

Australian marine parks
Australian marine parks (formerly Commonwealth marine reserves) are marine protected areas located within Australian waters and are managed by the Australian government. These waters generally extend from three nautical miles off the coast to the outer limit of Australia’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 200 nautical miles while marine protected areas located closer in-shore are the responsibility of the states or the Northern Territory.
Second 'Ndrangheta war
The Second 'Ndrangheta war was an internal struggle in the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal organisation in Calabria (southern Italy).  The conflict raged from 1985–1991 in Reggio Calabria. Practically all the 'ndrine in Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions: the Condello, Imerti, Serraino and Rosmini clans on one side, and the De Stefano, Tegano, Libri and Latella clans on the other.

Antonio Imerti
Antonio Imerti (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo iˈmɛrti]; born on 22 August 1946, in Villa San Giovanni), also known as Nano feroce ("fierce dwarf"), is an Italian criminal and a member of the 'Ndrangheta,  a Mafia-type criminal organisation in Calabria. He was born in Villa San Giovanni and controlled the Fiumara di Muro neighbourhood in Reggio Calabria.