hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Union Star, Missouri
Union Star is a city in northwest DeKalb County, Missouri, United States, along the Third Fork Platte River. The population was 380 at the 2020 census. It is part of the St. Joseph, MO–KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

DeKalb County, Missouri
DeKalb County is a county located in the northwest portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,029. Its county seat is Maysville. The county was organized February 25, 1845 and named for General Johann de Kalb, Baron de Kalb, of the Revolutionary War. DeKalb County is part of the St. Joseph, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.
Progress D-236
The Progress D-236 was an experimental aircraft engine, a hybrid between a turbofan and a turboprop known as a propfan. Also known as the Lotarev D-236T, the three-shaft geared engine was designed in the 1980s and 1990s to power proposed propfan aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-334, Ilyushin Il-118, and Ilyushin Il-88.

Based on the core of the Ukrainian Progress D-36 turbofan, the D-236 was the first Soviet propfan, and as of 2019 it is still one of only four different unshrouded, contra-rotating propfan engines to have flown in service or in flight testing.

Tupolev Tu-334
The Tupolev Tu-334 (Russian: Туполев Ту-334) was a Russian short-to-medium range airliner project that was developed to replace the aging Tupolev Tu-134 and Yak-42s in service around the world. The airframe was based on a shortened Tu-204 fuselage and a scaled-down version of that aircraft's wing. Unlike the Tu-204, however, the Tu-334 has a T-tail and engines mounted on the sides of the rear fuselage instead of under the wings. With the nationalisation of the Russian aircraft companies in 2009 to form United Aircraft Corporation it was decided not to continue with the programme.
Patrick Heron Watson
Sir Patrick Heron Watson (5 January 1832 – 21 December 1907) was an eminent 19th-century Scottish surgeon and pioneer of anaesthetic development. He was associated with  a number of surgical innovations including excision of the knee joint, excision of the thyroid and excision of the larynx for malignant disease. He was President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh on two occasions, an unusual honour, and was the first President of the Edinburgh Dental Hospital. He was a great advocate of women training in medicine and surgery and did much to advance that cause.

James Miller (surgeon)
James Miller FRCSEd, FRSE (2 April 1812 – 17 June 1864) was a surgeon and medical author in Edinburgh. He was author of the important 19th century textbook, Principles of Surgery. Like his father he became a member of the Free Church of Scotland in 1843 and was a firm believer in temperance.
AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-kuo
The AIDC F-CK-1 Ching-Kuo (Chinese: 經國號戰機; pinyin: Jīngguó Hào Zhànjī), commonly known as the Indigenous Defense Fighter (IDF), is a multirole combat aircraft named after Chiang Ching-kuo, the late president of the Republic of China. The aircraft made its first flight in 1989. It entered service with Republic of China Air Force (Taiwan) in 1992. All 130 production aircraft were manufactured by 1999.

Taiwan initiated the IDF program when the United States refused to sell them F-20 Tigershark and F-16 Fighting Falcon jet fighters following diplomatic pressure from China. Taiwan therefore decided to develop an advanced indigenous jet fighter. The Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation (AIDC), based in Taichung, Taiwan, designed and built the IDF jet fighter.

AIDC AT-3
The AIDC AT-3 Tzu Chung (Chinese: 自強; pinyin: Zìqiáng; "Self Reliance") is an advanced jet trainer operated by the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF).  A total of sixty-two aircraft were manufactured by the Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation of Taiwan in collaboration with American aircraft manufacturer Northrop between 1984 and 1990.  Two A-3 single-seat attack version were also built.
Stolper–Samuelson theorem
The Stolper–Samuelson theorem is a theorem in Heckscher–Ohlin trade theory. It describes the relationship between relative prices of output and relative factor returns—specifically, real wages and real returns to capital.

The theorem states that—under specific economic assumptions (constant returns to scale, perfect competition, equality of the number of factors to the number of products)—a rise in the relative price of a good will lead to a rise in the real return to that factor which is used most intensively in the production of the good, and conversely, to a fall in the real return to the other factor.

Heckscher–Ohlin model
The Heckscher–Ohlin model (/hɛkʃr ʊˈliːn/, H–O model) is a general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade, developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin at the Stockholm School of Economics. It builds on David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage by predicting patterns of commerce and production based on the resources of a trading region. The model essentially says that countries export the products which use their relatively abundant and cheap factors of production, and import the products which use the countries' relatively scarce factors.
Freddy Heineken
Alfred Henry Heineken (4 November 1923 – 3 January 2002) was a Dutch businessman for Heineken International, the brewing company created in 1864 by his grandfather Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. He served as chairman of the board of directors and CEO from 1971 until 1989. After his retirement as chairman and CEO, Heineken continued to sit on the board of directors until his death and served as chairman of the supervisory board from 1989 to 1995. At the time of his death, Heineken was one of the richest people in the Netherlands, with a net worth of 9.5 billion guilders.

Heineken N.V.
Heineken N.V. (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛinəkə(n)]), branded as The Heineken Company is a Dutch multinational brewing company, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Amsterdam. As of 2019, Heineken owns over 165 breweries in more than 70 countries. It produces 348 international, regional, local and speciality beers and ciders and employs approximately 85,000 people.

With an annual beer production of 24.14 billion litres in 2019, and global revenues of 23.894 billion euro in 2019, Heineken N.V. is the number one brewer in Europe and one of the largest brewers by volume in the world. Heineken's Dutch breweries are located in Zoeterwoude, 's-Hertogenbosch and Wijlre. The original brewery in Amsterdam, closed in 1988, is preserved as a museum called the Heineken Experience.

Since the merger between the two largest brewing empires in the world, Anheuser-Busch InBev and SABMiller, in October 2016, Heineken has been the second-largest brewer in the world.
Triglav Lodge at Kredarica
The Triglav Lodge at Kredarica (Slovene: Triglavski dom na Kredarici) (2,515 m) is the highest mountain hut in Slovenia and the highest meteorological station in the country. It stands on a small plateau just under the peak of Kredarica, an elevation in the ridge between Rjavina and Triglav. The Valentin Stanič Lodge (Dom Valentina Staniča) stands to the northeast below Begunje Peak (Begunjski vrh, 2,460 m), and the Planika Lodge at Triglav (Dom Planika pod Triglavom) stands to the south. In the vicinity there is also a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Snows, and a few metres away there is a small cave named Ivačič Cave.

Triglav
Triglav (pronounced [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]; German: Terglau; Italian: Tricorno), with an elevation of 2,863.65 metres (9,395 ft 2+1⁄8 in), is the highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene nation, appearing on the coat of arms and flag of Slovenia. It is the centrepiece of Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park. Triglav was also the highest peak in Yugoslavia before Slovenia's independence in 1991.
Savage: The Battle for Newerth
Savage: The Battle for Newerth is a 2003 video game combining aspects of the real-time strategy and first-person shooter  genres, developed by S2 Games. It takes place in a science fantasy distant future when mankind has rebuilt society after the apocalypse, but is threatened by intelligent beasts led by a sorceress.

S2 Games
S2 Games  was a video game development company which was founded by Marc "Maliken" DeForest, Jesse Hayes, and Sam McGrath, based in Rohnert Park, California. They also had a development location in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Feng Shih-kuan
Feng Shih-kuan (Chinese: 馮世寬; pinyin: Féng Shìkuān; born 25 November 1945) is a Taiwanese politician. He served in the Republic of China Air Force from 1967 to 2006, retiring with the rank of General before assuming the post of Minister of National Defense in 2016. Feng stepped down in 2018 and was succeeded by Yen Teh-fa.

Yen Teh-fa
Yen Teh-fa (traditional Chinese: 嚴德發; simplified Chinese: 严德发; pinyin: Yán Défā; born 14 November 1952) is a Taiwanese politician and retired general of the ROC Army who has served as the minister of the Veterans Affairs Council since 2024. His ancestral home was in Nanjing. He was previously the Minister of National Defense and the secretary-general of the National Security Council. He was the chief of the general staff of the ROC armed forces from 30 January 2015 until 1 December 2016. He was the vice minister for armaments of the National Defense Ministry (MND) from 9 August 2013 until 15 January 2014.
Vålerenga Ishockey
Vålerenga Ishockey (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈvôːɽɛŋɑ] ⓘ; abbreviated as VIF) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey team based in Oslo, Norway. Vålerenga has been the dominant force in Norwegian hockey since the 1960s, claiming 26 national championships and 29 regular season titles. Their old home arena, located in central-eastern Oslo, was Jordal Amfi, built for the 1952 Winter Olympics. In 2020, Vålerenga moved in to their new arena at Jordal.

The team's interim head coach is former NHL player and club legend, Espen "Shampo" Knutsen, with Joachim Svendsen as his assistant.

Nye Jordal Amfi
Jordal Amfi (often called  Nye Jordal Amfi) is an indoor ice hockey arena, located in the Jordal district of Oslo, Norway. The 5,300-spectator arena is part of the multi-sports complex Jordal Idrettspark and serves as the home of Eliteserien (ice hockey) side Vålerenga Ishockey.

Construction on the new arena started in January 2017, with completion in September 2020.
Aditya Chopra
Aditya Chopra (born 21 May 1971) is an Indian film director, producer, and studio executive who works in Hindi Cinema. He is the Chairman of India's multi-national film, media, and entertainment conglomerate Yash Raj Films (YRF). The films he has produced make him the highest grossing Indian film producer of all time.

Having denied Chopra admission into the National School of Drama due to his severe stammering as a young applicant, the Film Division of India eventually honored him with the National Award for his achievements in 1995, 2004, 2007 and 2015.  Widely regarded as the most influential executive in Indian entertainment, Chopra has however rejected the publicity and fame that came with being Yash Chopra's son and the chief executive of Yash Raj Films.

B. R. Chopra
Baldev Raj Chopra (22 April 1914 – 5 November 2008) was a prolific Indian director and producer noted for pioneering the Hindi film industry and television series. He's known for directing notable films, such as Afsana, Ek Hi Raasta, Naya Daur, Sadhna, Kanoon, Gumrah, Hamraaz, Dhund, Pati Patni Aur Woh, Insaf Ka Tarazu and Nikaah. He also produced hit films, including Dhool Ka Phool, Waqt, Ittefaq, Aadmi Aur Insaan, Chhoti Si Baat, The Burning Train, Aaj Ki Awaaz, Baghban and the TV series, Mahabharat. He was awarded Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, for the year 1998, and Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, in 2001.

His younger brother Yash Chopra, son Ravi Chopra and nephew Aditya Chopra are also directors in the Bollywood industry. His nephew Uday Chopra is an actor and producer.
Dodon (farm)
Dodon, (aka "Doden") is a 550-acre (2.2 km2) farm and former forced-labor tobacco plantation near Davidsonville, Maryland, located near the South River about 10 miles (16 km) south west of Annapolis. Purchased in 1747 by the planter and politician Dr George H. Steuart, it remains the home of Steuart's descendants to this day. Steuart grew wealthy during the colonial era thanks to proprietorial patronage and the forced labor of enslaved people.

George H. Steuart (politician)
George Hume Steuart (1700 – 1784) was a Scottish physician, planter, and politician who spent most of his life in colonial Maryland. Born in Perthshire, Steuart emigrated to Maryland in around 1721, where he benefited from proprietarial patronage and was appointed to a number of colonial offices, eventually becoming a wealthy landowner with estates in both Maryland and Scotland, and serving two terms as mayor of Annapolis. However, he was forced by the outbreak of the American Revolution to decide whether to remain loyal to the Crown or to throw in his lot with the American rebels. In 1775 Steuart sailed to Scotland, deciding at age 75 that "he could not turn rebel in his old age". He remained there until his death in 1784.
Xochitl Gomez
Xochitl Gomez (/ˈsoʊtʃi/ SOH-chee; born April 29, 2006) is an American actress. She began acting at age five, performing in local musical theater productions and student films. Gomez made her professional debut in 2018 in Raven's Home. She starred in the first season of the Netflix comedy series The Baby-Sitters Club (2020), and gained wider recognition for playing America Chavez in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). In 2023, she won season 32 of Dancing with the Stars.

Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 32
Season thirty-two of Dancing with the Stars premiered on ABC and Disney+ on September 26, 2023, and concluded on December 5, 2023. This season was the first to air live on both simultaneously. Alfonso Ribeiro hosted the season, while former professional dancer and judge Julianne Hough joined as co-host.

Actress Xochitl Gomez and Val Chmerkovskiy were crowned the champions, while singer-songwriter Jason Mraz and Daniella Karagach finished in second place, Vanderpump Rules cast member Ariana Madix and Pasha Pashkov finished in third place, The Bachelorette star Charity Lawson and Artem Chigvintsev finished in fourth, and actress Alyson Hannigan and Sasha Farber finished in fifth.
Breckland District
Breckland is a local government district in Norfolk, England. Its council is based in Dereham, although the largest town is Thetford. The district also includes the towns of Attleborough, Swaffham and Watton, along with numerous villages and surrounding rural areas.

The district derives its name from the Breckland landscape region, a gorse-covered sandy heath of south Norfolk and north Suffolk. The term "Breckland" dates back to at least the 13th century.

The neighbouring districts are King's Lynn and West Norfolk, North Norfolk, Broadland, South Norfolk, Mid Suffolk and West Suffolk.

Attleborough
Attleborough is a market town and civil parish located on the A11 road between Norwich and Thetford in Norfolk, England. The parish is in the district of Breckland and has an area of 21.9 square kilometres (8.5 sq mi).

The 2001 Census recorded the town as having a population of 9,702 distributed between 4,185 households, increasing to a population of 10,482 in 4,481 households in the 2011 Census. In 2021 the population was 11,232

Attleborough is in the Mid-Norfolk constituency of the UK Parliament, represented since the 2010 general election by the Conservative MP George Freeman.

Attleborough railway station provides a main line rail service to both Norwich and Cambridge.
Oliver DeMille
Oliver DeMille is an American author, educator and public speaker.  He is the founder of an educational model known as TJEd, and the co-author of LeaderShift: A Call for Americans to Finally Stand Up and Lead, which was published in 2013 and appeared on the New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller lists.

Thomas Jefferson Education
Thomas Jefferson Education, also known as "TJEd" or "Leadership Education" is a philosophy and methodology of education which is popular among some alternative educators, including private schools, charter schools and homeschoolers. It is based on the Seven Keys of Great Teaching and the Phases of Learning. This educational paradigm was popularized through the writing and teaching of Oliver and Rachel DeMille, co-authors of the TJEd resource materials.
ACG Tauranga
ACG Tauranga is a private coeducational day school located on the outskirts of Tauranga, New Zealand. The school is owned and operated by Auckland-based private education company ACG Schools (formerly known as Academic Colleges Group).

The school opened at the beginning of the 2015 school year, and initially offered places for Year 1–9 students. It now offers education from preschool to Year 13. It is the first private school in Tauranga since Tauranga Rudolf Steiner School integrated into the state system in March 2005. It is the latest of Academic Colleges Group's 10 schools, whose New Zealand schools are members of Independent Schools of New Zealand (ISNZ).
Thea Kilian is the current principal, transferring from her role as Deputy Principal from Auckland's Long Bay College.

The school is currently owned and operated by Inspired Education Group, an international provider of for-profit schools.

ACG Schools
ACG Schools (formerly known as ACG Education) is a New Zealand–based private education company that operates schools and preschools in New Zealand and Asia.  Incorporated as a New Zealand Limited Liability Company in 1994 it established its first school in 1994; and now ACG Schools delivers education to over 4,700 students in three countries through its 10 campuses located in 4 cities. It is New Zealand's largest independent private schools group. It was acquired by Inspired Education Group in 2019 for an undisclosed sum.
Bolesławiec pottery
Bolesławiec pottery (English: BOLE-swavietz, Polish: [bɔlɛ'swavjɛt͡s]), also referred to as Polish pottery, is the collective term for fine pottery and stoneware produced in the town of Bolesławiec, in south-western Poland. The ceramics are characterized by an indigo blue polka dot pattern on a white background or vice versa.

The art originated in the late Middle Ages, but it fully developed in the 19th century and has continued ever since. The scope of the stoneware ranges from teapots and jugs to plates, platters and candelabra. The pottery is collectively known as "Polish stoneware", as it became one of Poland's unofficial cultural symbols.

Bolesławiec
Bolesławiec (pronounced [bɔlɛˈswavʲɛt͡s] ⓘ, German: Bunzlau) is a historic city situated on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Bolesławiec County, and of Gmina Bolesławiec (being an urban gmina in its own right). As of June 2021, it has a population of 38,280. Founded in the 13th century, the city is known for its long-standing pottery-making tradition and heritage Old Town.
O'Briensbridge-Montpelier
O'Briensbridge–Montpelier is an urban area in Ireland, comprising the villages of O'Briensbridge in County Clare and Montpelier in County Limerick which face each other across the River Shannon. The combined census town had a population of 451 at the 2022 census.

O'Brien's Bridge
O'Brien's Bridge or O'Briensbridge (Irish: Droichead Uí Bhriain) is a village in east County Clare, Ireland, on the west bank of the River Shannon, in a civil parish of the same name. It is named for the bridge across the Shannon at that point, built by Toirdhealbhach Donn Ó Briain in 1506.
Shchekino
Shchekino (Russian: Щёкино), also romanized Shchyokino, is a town and the administrative center of Shchyokinsky District in Tula Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow—Simferopol highway (M2), 25 kilometers (16 mi) south of Tula, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 58,139 (2010 Census); 61,588 (2002 Census); 69,251 (1989 Soviet census); 72,000 (1977).

Shchyokinsky District
Shchyokinsky District  (Russian: Щёкинский райо́н, Ščjokinskij rajón) is an administrative district (raion), one of the twenty-three in Tula Oblast, Russia. Within the framework of municipal divisions, it is incorporated as Shchyokinsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is 1,393.4 square kilometers (538.0 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Shchyokino. Population: 106,595 (2010 Census);  43,064 (2002 census); 48,434 (1989 Soviet census). The population of the administrative center accounts for 54.5% of the district's total population.
Deforestation during the Roman period
Deforestation during the Roman period was a result of the geographical expansion of the Roman Empire, with its increased population, large-scale agriculture, and unprecedented economic development. Roman expansion marks the transition in the Mediterranean from prehistory (around 1,000 BC) to the historical period beginning around 500 BC. Earth sustained a few million people 8,000 years ago and was still fundamentally pristine, but Rome drove human development in Western Europe and was a leading contributor of the deforestation around the Mediterranean.

Classical demography
Classical demography refers to the study of human demography in the Classical period. It often focuses on the absolute number of people who were alive in civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea between the Bronze Age and the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but in recent decades historians have been more interested in trying to analyse demographic processes such as the birth and death rates or the sex ratio of ancient populations. The period was characterized by an explosion in population with the rise of the Greek and Roman civilizations followed by a steep decline caused by economic and social disruption, migrations, and a return to primarily subsistence agriculture. Demographic questions play an important role in determining the size and structure of the economy of Ancient Greece and the Roman economy.
Italian aircraft carrier Sparviero
Sparviero (Italian: "Sparrowhawk") was an Italian aircraft carrier designed and built during World War II of the Regia Marina. She was originally the ocean liner MS Augustus built in 1926 for Navigazione Generale Italiana, but was transferred to the new Italian Line after the merger of Navigazione Generale Italiana with the Lloyd Sabaudo and the Cosulich Line. The conversion was started in 1942 originally under the name Falco but was never completed, and the ship was never delivered to the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy). She began to be scrapped in 1947, a process completed by 1951.

Regia Marina
The Regia Marina (Italian for 'Royal Navy', pronounced [ˈrɛːdʒa maˈriːna]) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").
Pulat Khan
Pulat Khan, also known as Iskhak-Mulla-Khassan-Ogly orIskhak Khasan-uulu, was the final ruler of the Khanate of Kokand. The son of a tobacco merchant, he became khan after overthrowing Nasruddin Khan, but was executed by the Russians.

Nasruddin Khan
Nasruddin Khan, or Mirza Nasruddin Beg was the penultimate ruler of the Khanate of Kokand. Nasruddin's father was overthrown in 1875, and he was placed onto the throne. The Russians, fearing an anti-Russian alliance, launched an invasion and Kokand was reduced to a protectorate of the Russian Empire. Nasruddin was overthrown on 10 October 1875.