hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Patrick Ferguson
Major Patrick Ferguson (1744 – 7 October 1780) was a British Army officer who designed the Ferguson rifle. He is best known for his service in the 1780 military campaign of Charles Cornwallis during the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas, in which he played a great effort in recruiting American Loyalists to serve in his militia against the Patriots.

Ultimately, his activities and military actions led to a Patriot militia force mustered to put an end to his force of Loyalists, and he was killed in the Battle of Kings Mountain, at the border between the colonies of North Carolina and South Carolina. Leading a group of Loyalists whom he had recruited, he was the only regular army officer participating on either side of the conflict.  The victorious Patriot forces desecrated his body in the aftermath of the battle.

Ferguson rifle
The Ferguson rifle was one of the first breech-loading rifles to be put into service by the British military. It was designed by Major Patrick Ferguson (1744–1780). It fired a standard British carbine ball of .615" calibre and was used by the British Army in the American Revolutionary War at the Battle of Brandywine in 1777, and possibly at the Siege of Charleston in 1780.

Its superior firepower was unappreciated at the time because it was too expensive and took longer to produce – the four gunsmiths making Ferguson's Ordnance Rifle could not make 100 in 6 months at four times the cost per arm of a musket.
Lutte Ouvrière
Lutte Ouvrière (French: [lyt uvʁijɛʁ], lit. 'Workers' Struggle') is a Trotskyist communist party in France, named after its weekly paper. Arlette Laguiller was the party's spokeswoman from 1973 to 2008 and ran in each presidential election until 2012, when Nathalie Arthaud was the candidate. Robert Barcia (Hardy) was its founder and central leader. Lutte Ouvrière is a member of the Internationalist Communist Union. It emphasises workplace activity and has been critical of such recent phenomena as alter-globalization.

Revolutionary Communist League (France)
The Revolutionary Communist League (French: Ligue communiste révolutionnaire; LCR) was a Trotskyist political party in France. It was the French section of the Fourth International (post-reunification).  It published the weekly newspaper Rouge and the journal Critique communiste. Established in 1974, it became the leading party of the French far-left in the 2000s. It officially abolished itself on 5 February 2009 to merge with smaller factions of the far-left and form a New Anticapitalist Party.
2,3,5,6-Tetramethoxyphenethylamine
2,3,5,6-Tetramethoxyphenethylamine (2,3,5,6-TeMPEA), also known as TeMPEA-3, is a drug of the phenethylamine family related to the psychedelic drug mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine). It is one of the possible positional isomers of tetramethoxyphenethylamine (TeMPEA).

The in-vitro metabolism and effects of TeMPEA-3 on behavior in animals have been studied. Unlike mescaline, TeMPEA-3 was inactive in the conditioned avoidance response test in rats. The effects of TeMPEA-3 in humans have not been reported and are unknown.

The drug was first described in the scientific literature by 1955. TeMPEA-3 was included as an entry in Alexander Shulgin's 2011 book The Shulgin Index, Volume One: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds. It is a controlled substance in Canada under phenethylamine blanket-ban language.

Tetramethoxyphenethylamine
Tetramethoxyphenethylamines (TeMPEA) are a group of positional isomers of the psychedelic cactus alkaloid mescaline. Some of them are described in the book PiHKAL by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin.

2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyphenethylamine (TeMPEA-1)

TeMPEA-2 (2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyphenethylamine)

TeMPEA-3 (2,3,5,6-tetramethoxyphenethylamine)

BOM (drug) (3,4,5,β-tetramethoxyphenethylamine)
Menua
Menua (Urartian: mMe-i-nu-a; Meinua or Minua), was the fifth known king of Urartu from around 810 BC to 786 BC. In Armenian, Menua is rendered as Menua. The name Menua may be connected etymologically to the Ancient Greek names Minos and Minyas.

Urartu
Urartu was an Iron Age kingdom centered around the Armenian highlands between Lake Van, Lake Urmia, and Lake Sevan. The territory of the ancient kingdom of Urartu extended over the modern frontiers of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Armenia, the southern regions of Georgia, and western regions of Azerbaijan. Its kings left behind cuneiform inscriptions in the Urartian language, a member of the Hurro-Urartian language family.

The kingdom emerged in the mid-9th century BC and dominated the Armenian highlands in the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Urartu frequently warred with Assyria and became, for a time, the most powerful state in the Near East. Weakened by constant conflict, it was eventually conquered, either by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC or by Cyrus the Great in the middle of the 6th century BC. Archaeologically, it is noted for its large fortresses and sophisticated metalwork.
Signal Battalion "Legnano"
The Signal Battalion "Legnano" (Italian: Battaglione Trasmissioni "Legnano") is a signals unit of the Italian Army based in Avellino in Campania. The battalion was formed in 1935 by the Royal Italian Army for the 102nd Motorized Division "Trento". In World War II the battalion fought in the Western Desert campaign and Tunisian campaign. In May 1943, the battalion surrendered to the allies. In November 1943, the battalion was reformed by the Italian Co-belligerent Army and then fought on the allied side in the Italian campaign. After the war the battalion was assigned to the Infantry Division "Legnano". In 1975, the battalion was disbanded. In 2004, the 232nd Signal Regiment was formed and received the reformed Signal Battalion "Legnano" as its signal battalion. The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all signal units, on 20 June 1918, the day the Austro-Hungarian Army began its retreat across the Piave river during the Second Battle of the Piave River.

Mechanized Brigade "Legnano"
The Mechanized Brigade "Legnano" was a mechanized brigade of the Italian Army. Its core units were mechanized infantry battalions. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Bergamo in Lombardy. The name of the brigade commemorates the Lombard League victory in the Battle of Legnano in 1176 and its coat of arms depicts the Monument to the Warrior of Legnano in the centre of Legnano.
MAMA Award for Artist of the Year
The MAMA Award for Artist of the Year (올해의 가수상) is a daesang (or grand prize) award presented by CJ E&M (Mnet) at the annual MAMA Awards. It was first awarded at the event's 8th ceremony held in 2006; the five-member boyband group TVXQ won the award, and it is given in honor for artists with artistic achievement, technical proficiency and overall excellence in the music industry.

MAMA Awards
The MAMA Awards (Korean: 마마 어워즈, formerly Mnet Asian Music Awards) is a major music awards ceremony presented annually by entertainment company CJ ENM. First held in South Korea, the majority of prizes have been won by K-pop artists, although there are other Asian artists winning in various award categories, such as for Best Asian Artist and other professional-related awards.

The awards ceremony was first held in Seoul in 1999, being aired on Mnet. MAMA has also been held in various Asian countries and cities outside of South Korea since 2010 and now airs internationally online beyond Asia.
Philippine five-peso note
The Philippine five-peso note (Filipino: Limang Piso) (₱5) was a denomination of Philippine currency. Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo is featured on the front side of the note, while the Declaration of the Philippine Independence is featured on the reverse side. This banknote was circulated until the demonetization of main banknotes under the  New Design Series on January 3, 2018. Its printing was stopped when it was replaced by the BSP Series five-peso coins, also featuring Aguinaldo, in June 1995.

Philippine ten-peso note
The Philippine ten-peso note (Filipino: Sampung Piso) (₱10) was a denomination of Philippine currency. In its latest incarnation, Apolinario Mabini and Andrés Bonifacio are featured on the front side of the notes, while the Barasoain Church and a Blood Compact scene of the Katipuneros are featured on the reverse side. This banknote was circulated until the demonetization of main banknotes under the  New Design Series on January 3, 2018. Its printing was stopped when the ten-peso coins, first introduced in 2000, became regular coin to the BSP Coin Series in July 2001.
Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
The medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (internal dorsal cutaneous branch) is the more medial one of the two terminal branches of the superficial fibular nerve (the other being the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve). Through its branches, it provides innervation to parts of the dorsal aspects of the first, second, and third toes.

Superficial fibular nerve
The superficial fibular nerve (also known as superficial peroneal nerve) is a mixed (motor and sensory) nerve that provides motor innervation to the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles, and sensory innervation to skin over the antero-lateral aspect of the leg along with the greater part of the dorsum of the foot (with the exception of the first web space, which is innervated by the deep fibular nerve).
Jeremy Stangroom
Jeremy Stangroom is a British writer, editor, and website designer. He is an editor and co-founder, with Julian Baggini, of The Philosophers’ Magazine, and has written and edited several philosophy books. He is also co-founder, with Ophelia Benson of the website 'Butterflies and Wheels'.

Julian Baggini
Julian Baggini (/bəˈdʒiːni/ bə-JEE-nee, Italian: [badˈdʒiːni]; born 1968) is an English philosopher, journalist and the author of over 20 books about philosophy written for a general audience. He is co-founder of The Philosophers' Magazine, and has written for some newspapers and magazines. In addition to writing on the subject of philosophy he has also written books on atheism, secularism and the nature of national identity. He is a patron of Humanists UK, an organization promoting secular humanism.
National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara County, New York
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara County, New York.

This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Niagara County, New York, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates".

There are 99 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. The city of Niagara Falls is the location of 38 of these properties and districts; they are listed separately, while 61 properties and districts outside Niagara Falls are listed here.

This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted December 19, 2025.

Niagara County, New York
Niagara County is in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 212,666.  The county seat is Lockport. The county name is from the Iroquois word Onguiaahra; meaning the strait or thunder of waters. The county is part of the Western New York region of the state.

Niagara County is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, and across the Canada–US border is the province of Ontario.

It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara, and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities. In the summer of 2008, Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first settlement of the county, of Niagara Falls.
Vauxhall Chevette
The Vauxhall Chevette is a supermini car that was manufactured by Vauxhall in the United Kingdom from 1975 to 1984. It was Vauxhall's version of the "T-Car" small-car family from Vauxhall's parent General Motors (GM), and based primarily on the Opel Kadett C. The family also included the Isuzu Gemini in Japan, the Holden Gemini in Australia, the Chevrolet Chevette in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina, and in the U.S. and Canada it was also rebadged as the Pontiac Acadian/Pontiac T1000.

Opel Kadett
The Opel Kadett is a small family car produced by the German automobile manufacturer Opel from 1936 until 1940 and then from 1962 until 1991 (the Cabrio continued until 1993), when it was succeeded by the Opel Astra.

Originally, the Kadett was Opel's smallest model; however, as it grew in size with each generation (ultimately competing in the European C-segment), the Opel Corsa became GM/Opel's entry-level model.
The Unicorn Girl
The Unicorn Girl is a science fiction novel by Michael Kurland, originally released in 1969, that follows the adventures of two men from San Francisco in the 1960s after they meet a mysterious young woman looking for her missing unicorn. This novel is the second installment of the Greenwich Village Shared World Trilogy, with Chester Anderson writing the first book (The Butterfly Kid) and the third volume (The Probability Pad) written by T.A. Waters. Kurland, Anderson, and Waters wrote themselves as characters in each book.

The Butterfly Kid
The Butterfly Kid is a science fiction novel by Chester Anderson originally released in 1967. It was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1968. The novel is the first part of the Greenwich Village Trilogy, with Michael Kurland writing the second book (The Unicorn Girl) and the third volume (The Probability Pad) written by T.A. Waters.
Kurnell, New South Wales
Kurnell is a suburb in Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is  21.4 kilometres (13.3 mi) south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire along the east coast. Cronulla and Woolooware are the only adjacent suburbs. La Perouse is located opposite, on the northern headland of Botany Bay. The Cronulla sand dunes are on the south eastern headland of Botany Bay. The eastern side of the peninsula is part of Botany Bay National Park, and Towra Point Nature Reserve is located on the western side of the suburb.

La Perouse, New South Wales
La Perouse is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb of La Perouse is located about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southeast of the Sydney central business district, in the City of Randwick.

The La Perouse peninsula is the northern headland of Botany Bay. It is notable for its old military outpost at Bare Island and the Kamay Botany Bay National Park. Congwong Bay Beach, Little Congwong Beach, and the beach at Frenchmans Bay provide protected swimming areas in Botany Bay. La Perouse is one of few Sydney suburbs with a French name, others being Sans Souci and Vaucluse. Kurnell is located opposite, on the southern headland of Botany Bay.
Fred House (rower)
Frederick Arthur House (1890 - 21 Sept 1973) was an Australian artillery officer who saw active service in WWI. Pre and post WWI he was a Tasmanian state representative rower and a 1914 Australian national champion. At war's end he rowed in the AIF #1 eight to victory at the 1919 Henley Peace Regatta and brought the King's Cup to Australia.

King's Cup (rowing)
The King's Cup is Australia's blue riband annual rowing race for men. Since 1878 it has been  contested by state representative senior heavyweight men's eights at the annual Australian Interstate Regatta. Since 1973 the Australian Interstate Regatta has been conducted on the final day of the week-long annual Australian Rowing Championships. The King's Cup is the final event of the Australian Championships and the Interstate Regatta.
Jacques Amyot (swimmer)
Jacques Amyot CQ (13 November 1924 – 7 September 2018) was a Canadian swimmer from Quebec.  As a long distance swimmer, besides holding 50 records in Quebec and 15 in open water swimming in Canada, qualifying for the 1948 London Olympics, and crossing the English channel twice, he may be best known for winning the first 26 km (16 mile) Marathon race across Lac St. Jean on July 23, 1955 in eleven hours and 32 minutes. The race has continued and is now known as la Traversée internationale du lac St-Jean.  As an honored guest, Amyot frequently attended the race and congratulated the winner until his death in 2018.

National Order of Quebec
The National Order of Quebec (French: l'Ordre national du Québec), also known as the Order of Quebec, is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Quebec. Instituted in 1984 when Lieutenant Governor Jean-Pierre Côté granted royal assent to the Loi sur l'Ordre national du Québec (National Order of Quebec Act), the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former Quebec residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour in Quebec. In 1986, the order was expanded to include honorary membership for people outside Quebec.
Poti
Poti (Georgian: ფოთი [pʰo̞t̪ʰi]; Mingrelian: ფუთი, puti; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country. Built near the site of the ancient Greek colony of Phasis and deriving its name from the same, the city has become a major port city and industrial center since the early 20th century. It is also home to a main naval base and the headquarters of the Georgian Navy.

Phasis (town)
Phasis (Ancient Greek: Φᾶσις; Georgian: ფაზისი, pazisi) was an ancient and early medieval city on the eastern Black Sea coast, founded in the 7th or 6th century BC as a colony of the Milesian Greeks at the mouth of the eponymous river in Colchis. Its location today could be the port city of Poti, Georgia. Its ancient bishopric became a Latin Catholic titular see of Metropolitan rank.
Battle of Krasos
The Battle of Krasos took place during the Arab–Byzantine Wars in August 804, between the Byzantines under Emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802–811) and an Abbasid army under Ibrahim ibn Jibril. Nikephoros' accession in 802 resulted in a resumption of warfare between Byzantium and the Abbasid Caliphate. In late summer 804, the Abbasids had invaded Byzantine Asia Minor for one of their customary raids, and Nikephoros set out to meet them. He was surprised, however, at Krasos and heavily defeated, barely escaping with his own life. A truce and prisoner exchange were afterwards arranged. Despite his defeat, and a massive Abbasid invasion the next year, Nikephoros persevered until troubles in the eastern provinces of the Caliphate forced the Abbasids to conclude a peace.

Nikephoros I
Nikephoros I (Greek: Νικηφόρος, romanized: Nikēphóros; 750 – 26 July 811), also known as Nicephorus I, was Byzantine emperor from 802 to 811. He was General Logothete (finance minister) under Empress Irene, but later overthrew her to seize the throne for himself. Prior to becoming emperor, he was sometimes referred to as "the Logothete" (Greek: ὁ Λογοθέτης) and "Genikos" or "Genicus" (Greek: ὁ Γενικός), in recognition of his previous role as General Logothete.

During his reign, Nikephoros engaged in military campaigns against both the Arabs and the Bulgarians, although the outcomes were varied. While leading an invasion into Bulgaria, he suffered a defeat and was killed at the Battle of Pliska.
A460 road
The A460 is a main road in the Midlands of England. It runs from Wolverhampton in the West Midlands to Rugeley in Staffordshire. It is also a primary road linking Wolverhampton and Cannock with the M54, M6 and M6 Toll.

M54 motorway
The M54 is a 23-mile-long (37 km) east-west motorway in the counties of Shropshire and Staffordshire, England. It is also referred to as the Telford motorway, after the road's primary westbound destination, the town of Telford. It cost £65 million to construct, and is two-lane dual carriageway for the majority of its length, with sections of three-lane.

The M54 spur connects the M6 motorway near Essington, Staffordshire with the A5 trunk road at Wellington, Shropshire. The motorway forms part of the strategic route to North Wales, roughly following the path of the Roman Watling Street and the A5 north-westwards, towards the port of Holyhead. It is the only motorway in Shropshire, and forms a vital part of the county's road network. In 2007, the motorway handled an annual average daily traffic of between 50,300 (J2–3) and 41,800 (J4–5) vehicles.
Buderim (suburb)
Buderim is the central suburb of the town of Buderim in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the suburb of Buderim had a population of 31,430 people.

It is the central suburb of the town of Buderim and comprises 63% of Buderim's urban population.

Buderim
Buderim (/ˈbʌdrəm/ BUH-drəm) is a town in the Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It sits on a 180-metre (590 ft) mountain which overlooks the southern Sunshine Coast communities.

The name "Buderim" is usually believed to be derived from a local Kabi Kabi Aboriginal word for the hairpin honeysuckle, (Badderam) Banksia spinulosa var. collina. However, as the environment on the mountain before British occupation was one of dense rainforest not Banksia heath, the name may have come from the Yugambeh word budherahm meaning sacred or spiritual.

In the 2021 census, the town of Buderim had a population of 58,956 people.
1896 South Australian colonial election
The 1896 South Australian colonial election was held between 25 April and 2 May 1896 to elect members to the 15th Parliament of South Australia. All 54 seats in the House of Assembly (the lower house, whose members were elected at the 1893 election) were up for re-election. It was the first election in Australia in which women could vote, following the passing of the Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894 two years prior.

The election used non-compulsory plurality block voting, in which electors voted for as many candidates as they wished. Members of the House of Assembly were elected to 27 multi-member districts consisting of two seats each. Suffrage extended to all persons (including Aboriginals) over 21 years of age, unless they were "attainted or convicted of treason or felony".

Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894
The Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894 was an Act of the Parliament of South Australia to amend the South Australian Constitution Act 1856 to include women's suffrage. It was the seventh attempt to introduce voting rights for women and received widespread public support including the largest petition ever presented to the South Australian parliament. The proposed legislation was amended during debate to include the right of women to stand for parliament after an opponent miscalculated that such a provision would cause the bill to be defeated. Once passed, South Australia become the fourth state in the world to give women the vote and the first to give women the right to be elected to parliament.
Angel Gabriele
Angel Gabriele (March 21, 1956 – February 23, 2016) was an American comic book artist and publisher, best known for the comic book adaptation of the Space Giants. He was also a professional wrestling manager and promoter, renowned for his role as the Dark Angel. In his publications, he has sometimes been credited as Pat Gabriele and Pasquale D. Gabriel.

Ambassador Magma
Ambassador Magma (マグマ大使, Maguma Taishi) is the title and protagonist of a manga and tokusatsu TV series created by Osamu Tezuka. The TV series, produced by P Productions, aired on Fuji TV from July 4, 1966, to June 26, 1967, lasting a total of 52 episodes. It is the first color tokusatsu TV series in Japan, beating Tsuburaya Productions' Ultraman to the air by six days. The show later aired in the US, dubbed in English by Krantz Films, as The Space Giants. Digital Manga crowdfunded the manga, and it is currently available for digital purchase on their Emanga site.