hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
The Dresden Dolls
The Dresden Dolls is an American musical duo from Boston, Massachusetts. Formed in 2000, the group consists of Amanda Palmer (lead vocals and piano; additional: keyboards, harmonica, ukulele) and Brian Viglione (drums and backing vocals; additional: guitar, bass guitar). The two describe their style as "Brechtian punk cabaret", a phrase invented by Palmer because she was "terrified" that the press would invent a name that "would involve the word gothic". The Dresden Dolls aesthetic exemplifies dark cabaret.

Amanda Palmer
Amanda MacKinnon Palmer (born April 30, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and performance artist who was the lead vocalist, pianist, and lyricist of the duo the Dresden Dolls and the ex-wife of author Neil Gaiman. She performs as a solo artist and was also a member of the duo Evelyn Evelyn and the lead singer and songwriter of Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra. She has gained a cult fanbase and was one of the first musical artists to popularize the use of crowdfunding websites.

Beginning in 2024, news outlets published sexual assault accusations against Palmer's estranged husband by numerous women. One accuser sued Palmer for negligence in human trafficking and "procuring and presenting the Plaintiff to Gaiman for such abuse." Palmer has denied these allegations.
Hydraulic conductivity
In science and  engineering, hydraulic conductivity (K, in SI units of meters per second), is a property of porous materials, soils and rocks, that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through the pore space, or fracture network. It depends on the intrinsic permeability (k, unit: m2) of the material, the degree of saturation, and on the density and viscosity of the fluid. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksat, describes water movement through saturated media.
By definition, hydraulic conductivity is the ratio of volume flux to hydraulic gradient yielding a quantitative measure of a  saturated soil's ability to transmit water when subjected to a hydraulic gradient.

Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%. Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. closed-cell foam).

There are many ways to test porosity in a substance or part, such as industrial CT scanning.

The term porosity is used in multiple fields including pharmaceutics, ceramics, metallurgy, materials, manufacturing, petrophysics, hydrology, earth sciences, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and engineering.
Orchid mycorrhiza
Orchid mycorrhizae are endomycorrhizal fungi which develop symbiotic relationships with the roots and seeds of plants of the family Orchidaceae. Nearly all orchids are myco-heterotrophic at some point in their life cycle. Orchid mycorrhizae are critically important during orchid germination, as an orchid seed has virtually no energy reserve and obtains its carbon from the fungal symbiont.

The symbiosis starts with a structure called a protocorm. During the symbiosis, the fungus develops structures called pelotons within the root cortex of the orchid.

Many adult orchids retain their fungal symbionts throughout their lives, although the benefits to the adult photosynthetic orchid and the fungus remain largely unexplained.

Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Ancient Greek  μύκης (múkēs) 'fungus' and  ῥίζα (rhíza) 'root'; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant, in which fungal hyphae and plant roots become interconnected and form an interface on the cellular level. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry.

In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants.
One-hitter (smoking)
A one-hitter (also oney, bat, tay, oney bat, or taster) is typically a slender pipe with a screened narrow bowl designed for a single inhalation, or "hit", of smoke or vapor from a small serving (about 0.1-0.3g) of cannabis flower, tobacco leaf or other dry, sifted herbal preparation (e.g Dokha).  It is distinguished from western-style large-bowl pipes designed for strong tobaccos that are burned hot and tasted but not inhaled.  Instead, by properly distancing a lighter flame below the opening, inhalant users operate at vaporization temperatures, minimizing combustion waste and toxicity.

Traditional national varieties of one-hitter pipes have included Native American calumet ("peace pipe"), kiseru (Japan), midwakh (Middle East), sebsi (Morocco) and some narrow chillums (Nepal, India, Jamaica).

A one-hitter has been considered drug paraphernalia in certain regions.

Chillum
A chillum, or chilam, is a straight conical smoking pipe traditionally made of either clay or a soft stone (such as steatite or catlinite). It was used popularly in India in the eighteenth century and still often used to smoke marijuana. A small stone is often used as a stopper in the stem. The style of pipe spread to Africa, and has been known in the Americas since the 1960s. A chillum pipe is used in Rastafari rituals.
Joseph Spiegel
Joseph Spiegel (1840 – September 13, 1918) was the founder of the Spiegel catalog, a Civil War veteran, the younger brother of Union Army Colonel Marcus M. Spiegel, and patriarch of the Spiegel family.

Marcus M. Spiegel
Marcus M. Spiegel (December 8, 1829 – May 4, 1864) was one of the highest ranking Jewish officers in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War. He served in the 67th and 120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. During the course of the war he became a staunch abolitionist. He served at the Siege of Vicksburg, and was mortally wounded during the Red River Campaign in May 1864.
2018 Michigan House of Representatives election
An election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect all 110 members to Michigan's House of Representatives. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, governor and Senate. The primary election was held on August 7, 2018.

Republicans retained control of the House, despite losing the popular vote, after a net loss of five seats, winning 58 seats compared to 52 seats for the Democrats.

2018 Michigan Senate election
The Michigan Senate elections of 2018 took place on November 6, 2018, alongside elections for Michigan's governor, Class I United States Senator, attorney general, and secretary of state, as well as elections for Michigan's 14 seats in the United States House of Representatives and all 110 seats in the Michigan House of Representatives, to elect the 38 members that would comprise the Michigan Senate. The Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties chose their nominees in a partisan primary on August 7, 2018. The Working Class Party, U.S. Taxpayers Party, Green Party, and Natural Law Party chose their nominees at state party conventions.
Operation Velvetta
Operation Velvetta (Hebrew: ולווטה; also known as Operation Alabama) was a 1948 Israeli Air Force operation to ferry Supermarine Spitfires purchased in Czechoslovakia to Israel.

The fighter planes were purchased from Czechoslovakia at $23,000 per plane.  Arrangements were also made with the Yugoslavian leader Josip Broz Tito to use the Kapino Polje Airport in the city of Nikšić (an abandoned Luftwaffe airbase) as a waystation for 60 purchased Spitfires (codenamed "Yoram"). The commander of the Israelis at Nikšić airfield was Gideon (Geda) Shochat, son of Manya and Israel Shochat, and a former RAF officer. The first of the two legs of the journey was from Kunovice, Czechoslovakia to Nikšić (codenamed "Alabama"). The second leg was more difficult, crossing 2,250 km of open water from Nikšić to Israel.

Arms shipments from Czechoslovakia to Israel
Between June 1947 and October 31, 1949, the Jewish agency (later to become the Israeli government) seeking weapons for Operation Balak, made several purchases of weapons in Czechoslovakia, some of them of former German army weapons, captured by the Czechoslovak army on its national territory, or newly produced German weapons from Czechoslovakia's post-war production.
In this deal, sale activities of Czechoslovak arms factories were coordinated by a special-purpose department of the Československé závody strojírenské a kovodělné, n.p. (Czechoslovak Metal-Working and Engineering Works, Nat.Ent.) Holding, called Sekretariát D (Secretariat D), headed by Gen. Jan Heřman (ret.).

The deliveries from Czechoslovakia proved important for the establishment of Israel.
Florida Southern Railway
The Florida Southern Railway was a railway that operated in Florida in the late 1800s.  It was one of Florida's three notable narrow gauge railways when it was built along with the South Florida Railway and the Orange Belt Railway.  The Florida Southern was originally chartered to run from Lake City south through central Florida to Charlotte Harbor.  However, with the influence of Henry B. Plant, it operated with two discontinuous segments that would be part of the Plant System, which would later become part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railway.

South Florida Railroad
The South Florida Railroad was a railroad from Sanford, Florida, to Tampa, Florida, becoming part of the Plant System in 1893 and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad in 1902.  It served as the southernmost segment of the Atlantic Coast Line's main line.  The line remains in service today and is now part of the Central Florida Rail Corridor in the Orlando metro area.  The rest of the line remains under the ownership of CSX Transportation as part of their A Line.
Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon
Margaret de Bohun, Countess of Devon (3 April 1311 – 16 December 1391) was the daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, Lord High Constable of England and Elizabeth of Rhuddlan. She was the wife of Hugh Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1303–1377). Of her 17 children, 11 made it to adulthood, including an Archbishop of Canterbury and six knights, of whom two were founder knights of the Order of the Garter. Unlike most women of her day, she received a classical education and was a lifelong scholar and collector of books.

Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd/10th Earl of Devon
Sir Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd/10th Earl of Devon (12 July 1303 – 2 May 1377), 2nd Baron Courtenay, feudal baron of Okehampton and feudal baron of Plympton, played an important role in the Hundred Years War in the service of King Edward III. His chief seats were Tiverton Castle and Okehampton Castle in Devon. The ordinal number given to the early Courtenay Earls of Devon depends on whether the earldom is deemed a new creation by the letters patent granted 22 February 1334/5 or whether it is deemed a restitution of the old dignity of the de Redvers family. Authorities differ in their opinions, and thus alternative ordinal numbers exist, given here.
Georgii Zeliony
Georgii Pavlovich Zeliony (Russian: Гео́ргий Па́влович Зелёный; 1878 in Odessa – 1951) was a Russian physiologist who contributed to the understanding of conditional and unconditional reflexes. He was one of I. P. Pavlov's first students. His studies of decorticated dogs led to knowledge of brain function in man and other animals. In addition, he was the first to articulate the theoretical underpinnings of sociophysiology.

Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Russian: Иван Петрович Павлов, IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈpavləf] ⓘ; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. Pavlov also conducted significant research on the physiology of digestion, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
Marie of Korikos
Marie of Korikos (1321 – before 1405) served as the queen consort of Armenia from 1344–1363 and 1365–1373 through marriage to the kings Constantine III and Constantine IV, respectively.

After her second husband's death in 1373, she served as the penultimate ruler of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, governing what little remained of the kingdom as regent from April 1373 to the election and coronation of Constantine's successor Leo V on 14 September 1374.

Constantine III of Armenia
Constantine III (also Constantine V; French: Constantin V d'Arménie; Armenian: Կոստանդին, Western Armenian transliteration: Gosdantin or Kostantine; 17 April 1313 – 21 December 1362) was the King of Armenian Cilicia from 1344 to 1362. He was the son of Baldwin, Lord of Neghir (a nephew of Hethum I of Armenia), and second cousin of Constantine II.

When Constantine II was killed in an uprising in 1344, Constantine III succeeded him. He attempted to wipe out all rival claimants to the throne, giving orders to kill Constantine II's nephews, Bemon and Leo, but before the murders could be carried out they escaped to Cyprus. During his rule, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was reduced by Mamluk raids and conquests. They conquered Ajazzo in 1347 and Tarsus and Adana in 1359.

Constantine was the first husband of Maria, daughter of Oshin of Corycos and Joan of Taranto. He was predeceased by his two sons. Upon his death from natural causes he was succeeded by his cousin Constantine IV.
Arithmetical hierarchy
In mathematical logic, the arithmetical hierarchy, arithmetic hierarchy or Kleene–Mostowski hierarchy (after mathematicians Stephen Cole Kleene and Andrzej Mostowski) classifies certain sets based on the complexity of formulas that define them.  Any set that receives a classification is called arithmetical.  The arithmetical hierarchy was invented independently by Kleene (1943) and Mostowski (1946).

The arithmetical hierarchy is important in computability theory, effective descriptive set theory, and the study of formal theories such as Peano arithmetic.

The Tarski–Kuratowski algorithm provides an easy way to get an upper bound on the classifications assigned to a formula and the set it defines.

The hyperarithmetical hierarchy and the analytical hierarchy extend the arithmetical hierarchy to classify additional formulas and sets.

Hyperarithmetical theory
In computability theory, hyperarithmetic theory is a generalization of Turing computability.  It has close connections with definability in second-order arithmetic and with weak systems of set theory such as Kripke–Platek set theory.  It is an important tool in effective descriptive set theory.

The central focus of hyperarithmetic theory is the sets of natural numbers known as hyperarithmetic sets.  There are three equivalent ways of defining this class of sets; the study of the relationships between these different definitions is one motivation for the study of hyperarithmetical theory.
Classical Mongolian language
Classical Mongolian was the literary language of Mongolian that was first introduced shortly after 1600, when Ligdan Khan set his clergy the task of translating the whole of the Tibetan Buddhist canon, consisting of the Kangyur and Tengyur, into Mongolian. This script then became the established writing system used for all Mongolian literature until the 1930s when the Mongolian Latin alphabet was introduced, which then in 1941 was replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet.

Classical Mongolian was formerly used in Mongolia, China, and Russia. It is a standardized written language used in the 18th century and 20th centuries.

Classical Mongolian sometimes refers to any language documents in Mongolian script that are neither Pre-classical (i.e. Middle Mongol in the Mongolian script) nor modern Mongolian.

Middle Mongol
Middle Mongol or Middle Mongolian was a Mongolic koiné language spoken in the Mongol Empire. Originating from Genghis Khan's home region of Northeastern Mongolia, it diversified into several Mongolic languages after the collapse of the empire. In comparison to Modern Mongolian, it is known to have had no long vowels, different vowel harmony and verbal systems and a slightly different case system.
CBM-FM
CBM-FM (93.5 MHz) is a public non-commercial radio station in Montreal, Quebec. It carries the English-language CBC Music network.

Owned and operated by the government-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, CBM-FM is a Class C1 station. It transmits from the Mount Royal candelabra tower with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts, using horizontal polarization. Its studios and offices, along with those of CBME-FM (broadcasting CBC Radio One), are located at Maison Radio-Canada on René Lévesque Boulevard.

CBME-FM
CBME-FM is an English-language radio station located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Owned and operated by the government-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, it broadcasts on 88.5 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 11,510 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 25,000 watts (class B) from a transmitter atop Mount Royal.

The station has a commercial-free news/talk format and is part of the CBC Radio One network which operates across Canada. Like all CBC Radio One stations, but unlike most FM stations, it broadcasts in mono.  Some local shows and newscasts produced at CBME-FM are also heard on a chain of stations across Quebec.

Its studios and offices, along with those of sister stations CBM-FM, CBF-FM and CBFX-FM are located at the Nouvelle Maison de Radio-Canada at 1000 Papineau Avenue. Master control is at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre in Toronto.
Nova Scotia Agricultural College
45°22′15″N 63°15′26″W﻿ / ﻿45.37083°N 63.25722°W﻿ / 45.37083; -63.25722
Nova Scotia Agricultural College (NSAC) was a publicly owned Canadian university college (founded 14 February 1905 and administered within the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture) located at Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. The Nova Scotia Agricultural College merged with Dalhousie University and became Dalhousie's Faculty of Agriculture on 1 September 2012. The popular nickname remains the "AC".

Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture
The Faculty of Agriculture at Dalhousie University is a Canadian agricultural college and faculty of Dalhousie University located in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia. The Faculty of Agriculture offers the only university level programs in agriculture in Atlantic Canada. Founded 14 February 1905 as the Nova Scotia Agricultural College within the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, it merged with Dalhousie University on 1 September 2012. The campus is referred to as Dalhousie University's "Agricultural Campus" or by its popular sports nickname of "Dal AC" or simply the "AC."
Beechcraft C-12 Huron
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron is the military designation for a series of twin-engine turboprop aircraft based on the Beechcraft Super King Air and Beechcraft 1900. C-12 variants are used by the United States Air Force, Army, Navy and Marine Corps. These aircraft are used for embassy support and medical evacuation, as well as passenger and light cargo transport. Some aircraft are modified with surveillance systems for missions including the Cefly Lancer, Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail and Project Liberty programs.

Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail
The Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail was an airborne signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection platform based on the Beechcraft King Air and Super King Air. While the US military and specifically the United States Army have numerous personnel transport variants of the King Air platforms referred to with the general C-12 designation, the RC-12 specification refers to a heavily modified platform that collects SIGINT through various sensors and onboard processors.
Hiroki Ioka
Hiroki Ioka (井岡 弘樹, Ioka Hiroki; born January 8, 1969, in Sakai, Osaka, Japan) is a Japanese former professional boxer who competed from 1986 to 1999. He has held world championships in two weight classes, having held the World Boxing Council (WBC) mini-flyweight title from 1987 to 1988, and the World Boxing Association (WBA) light-flyweight title from 1991 to 1992. He was the inaugural WBC mini-flyweight champion, winning the title immediately after the mini-flyweight division was created. He is also known for defeating WBC light-flyweight champion Yuh Myung-woo, handing him the only loss of his career.

Yuh Myung-woo
Yuh Myung-woo (Korean: 유명우; Hanja: 柳明佑, born January 10, 1964) is a South Korean former professional boxer who competed between 1982 and 1993. He was a two-time WBA light-flyweight champion, having held the title between 1985 and 1993. Avenging his lone loss against Hiroki Ioka, he defeated every boxer he faced, including future boxing hall of famers, and is thus considered to be among the greatest South Korean boxers of all time.
Lillian Moller Gilbreth
Lillian Evelyn Gilbreth (née Moller; May 24, 1878 – January 2, 1972) was an American psychologist, industrial engineer, consultant, and educator who was an early pioneer in applying psychology to time-and-motion studies. She was described in the 1940s as "a genius in the art of living."

Gilbreth, one of the first female engineers to earn a Ph.D., is considered to be the first industrial/organizational psychologist. She and her husband, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, were efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering, especially in the areas of motion study and human factors.

Cheaper by the Dozen (1948) and Belles on Their Toes (1950), written by two of their children (Ernestine and Frank Jr.) tell the story of their family life and describe how time-and-motion studies were applied to the organization and daily activities of their large family. Both books were later made into feature films.

Frank Bunker Gilbreth
Frank Bunker Gilbreth (July 7, 1868 – June 14, 1924) was an American engineer, consultant, and author known as an early advocate of scientific management and a pioneer of time and motion study, and is perhaps best known as the father and central figure of Cheaper by the Dozen.

Both he and his wife Lillian Moller Gilbreth were industrial engineers and efficiency experts who contributed to the study of industrial engineering in fields such as motion study and human factors.
Takatō Castle
Takatō Castle (高遠城, Takatō-jō) is a Japanese castle located in the city of Ina, southern Nagano Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Takatō Castle was home to a cadet branch of the Naitō clan, daimyō of Takatō Domain. The castle was also known as Kabuto Castle (兜山城, Kabuto-jō). Built sometime in the 16th century, it is now largely in ruins.

Takatō Domain
Takatō Domain (高遠藩, Takatō-han) was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.

The Takatō Domain was based at Takatō Castle in Shinano Province, in the modern city of Ina, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Takatō Domain was ruled by the fudai daimyō of the Hoshina clan from 1600 to 1636, the Torii clan from 1636 to 1689, and the Naitō clan from 1691 to 1871, with a Kokudaka value of 33,000 koku. The Takatō Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Nagano Prefecture.