hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Battle of Knocknaclashy
The battle of Knocknaclashy (also known as Knockbrack), took place in County Cork, Ireland in 1651. In it, an Irish Confederate force led by Viscount Muskerry was defeated by an English Parliamentarian force under Lord Broghill. It was the final pitched battle of the Irish Confederate Wars and one of the last of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery
Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, 25 April 1621 to 16 October 1679, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician. A younger son of the Earl of Cork, the largest landowner in Munster, like many Irish Protestants he supported the Dublin Castle administration during the Irish Confederate Wars, a related conflict of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

Boyle was noted for his anti-Catholicism, and consistently opposed concessions to Irish Catholics. A skilled politician, he believed that maintaining the Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland required support from the ruling government in London, whatever its composition. As a result, he held senior positions under the Commonwealth and Charles II, following the 1660 Stuart Restoration.

A noted writer on 17th-century warfare, Boyle helped design Charles Fort outside Kinsale. He also produced a number of plays and poems, which were well regarded by contemporaries but have since faded into obscurity.
Josef Jungmann
Josef Jungmann (16 July 1773 – 14 November 1847) was a Czech linguist and poet. He was a leading figure of the Czech National Revival and together with Josef Dobrovský, he is considered to be a creator of the modern Czech language. The Josef Jungmann Award for the best translation into Czech is named after him.

Czech National Revival
The Czech National Revival was a cultural movement which took place in the Czech lands during the 18th and 19th centuries. The purpose of this movement was to revive the Czech language, culture and national identity. The most prominent figures of the revival movement were Josef Dobrovský and Josef Jungmann.
John B. Waldo
John Breckenridge Waldo (October 6, 1844 – September 2, 1907) was an American politician and jurist from the state of Oregon. A native of Oregon, he grew up near Salem as part of a prominent pioneer political family that included father Daniel and brother William. A trained lawyer, he was elected to the Oregon Supreme Court and served for one term from 1880 to 1886, including as the 13th Chief Justice from 1884 to 1886. He also served one term in the Oregon House of Representatives. Waldo spent many summers in the Cascade Range fostering an appreciation for the natural environment, which led to conservation efforts to preserve the range and later to the naming of several natural features after Waldo, notably Waldo Lake.

Daniel Waldo (Oregon pioneer)
Daniel Waldo (March 22, 1800 – September 6, 1880) was an American legislator in the Provisional Government of Oregon, the namesake for the Waldo Hills near Salem, Oregon, and the father of two prominent Oregon politicians. He was also a member of the Oregon Rangers militia and fought in the Cayuse War.
Newcastle and North Shields Railway
The Newcastle and North Shields Railway opened in June 1839 from a temporary terminus in Carliol Square in Newcastle upon Tyne to North Shields. The railway was absorbed by the Newcastle & Berwick Railway in November 1844. The Newcastle & Berwick Railway was itself absorbed by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, and this became part of the North Eastern Railway in 1854.

Tynemouth was served from 1847 and Newcastle Central replaced the original station in 1850. In 1882 the station at Tynemouth was replaced by a through station when the line and the former Blyth and Tyne Railway line were linked. The route was electrified in 1904 as part of the Tyneside Electrics programme.

North Shields
North Shields (/ʃiːlz/ SHEELZ) is a town in the borough of North Tyneside in Tyne and Wear, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) north-east of Newcastle upon Tyne and borders nearby Wallsend and Tynemouth. The population of North Shields at the 2021 census was 6,137.

Since 1974, it has been in the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear: its historic administration was as part of the Castle ward in county of Northumberland. It was part of the Tynemouth County Borough; when abolished in 1974, the borough became an unparished area.

It is on the northern bank of the River Tyne, opposite to South Shields on the other bank.  The name derives from Middle English schele meaning "temporary sheds or huts used by fishermen".
Gilgit
Gilgit (/ˈɡɪlɡɪt/; Shina: گِلیٗت IPA: [ɡi˧.leː˨˦t̪]; Urdu: گِلْگِت IPA: [ˈɡɪlɡɪt̪]) is the capital and most-populous city in Pakistani-administered territory of Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region. It is located in a broad valley near the confluence of the Gilgit and the Hunza rivers. Gilgit is a major tourist destination in Pakistan, serving as a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range of northern Pakistan.

Gilgit was once a major centre for Buddhism; it was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road, and today serves as a major junction along the Karakoram Highway with road connections to China as well as the Pakistani cities of Skardu, Chitral, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The economic activity is mainly focused on agriculture, with wheat, maize, and barley as the main crops.

Karakoram Highway
The Karakoram Highway (Urdu: شاہراہ قراقرم, Śāhirāh-i Qarāquram), also known as the KKH, National Highway 35 (Urdu: قومی شاہراہ ۳۵), N-35, and the China–Pakistan Friendship Highway, is a 1,300 km (810 mi) national highway which extends from Hasan Abdal in the Punjab province of Pakistan to the Khunjerab Pass in Gilgit-Baltistan, where it crosses into China and becomes China National Highway 314.

The highway connects the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa plus Gilgit-Baltistan with China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The highway is a popular tourist attraction and is one of the highest paved roads in the world, passing through the Karakoram mountain range, at  at maximum elevation of 4,714 m (15,466 ft) near Khunjerab Pass. Due to its high elevation and the difficult conditions under which it was constructed, it is often referred to as the Eighth Wonder of the World. The highway is also a part of the Asian Highway AH4.
Pear
Pears are fruits produced and consumed around the world, growing on a tree and are harvested in late summer into mid-autumn. The pear tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus /ˈpaɪrəs/, in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pears are valued for their edible fruit and juices, while others are cultivated as trees.

The tree is medium-sized and native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Pear wood is one of the preferred materials in the manufacture of high-quality woodwind instruments and furniture.

About 3,000 known varieties of pears are grown worldwide, which vary in both shape and taste. The fruit is consumed fresh, canned, as juice, dried, or fermented as perry.

Perry
Perry or pear cider is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented pears, traditionally in England (particularly Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire), parts of South Wales, France (especially Normandy and Anjou), Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Interest is growing in artisanal perry production in the fruit-growing regions of the northwest United States. Perry typically has an alcohol content ranging from 5 to 8% ABV, but is sometimes distilled into calvados with 40–43% ABV, and blended with further pear juice to produce a fortified drink 
around 17% ABV.
Convocation Hall (University of Toronto)
Convocation Hall is a domed rotunda on the St. George campus of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Designed by Darling and Pearson and completed in 1907, its radially planned interior has been compared to the grand amphitheatre of the Sorbonne and the Sheldonian Theatre at Oxford, although no specific precedent is truly known. While the building's namesake purpose is to host the annual convocation ceremonies, it also serves as the venue for academic and social functions that involve large audiences throughout the year. All convocation ceremonies from across the university's three campuses are held in the venue.

Darling and Pearson
Darling and Pearson was an architectural firm based in Toronto from 1895 through 1937. The firm was prolific and produced consistently fine work though the patronage of notable figures of the Canadian establishment, and is responsible for enhancing the architectural character and quality of the city, and indeed the rest of Canada, in the first quarter of the 20th century.
Christian Efobi
Christian Efobi Listenⓘ is an Anglican bishop in Nigeria.

Efobi was born in Kaduna in 1948. He was educated at Anglican Boys Grammar School, Akwukwu-Igbo; New Bethel College Onitsha and The Theological College of Northern Nigeria, Bukuru. He was ordained Deacon in  July 1977 and Priest in December 1977.
He served in Lafia.Bukuru and Yola. he became Archdeacon  of Yola in 1988 and Bishop of Yola in 1990. He was translated to be the inaugural Bishop of Aguata in 2005.
Efobi retired in 2018. He became the second Archbishop of Niger.

Anglican Province of the Niger
The Anglican Province of the Niger is one of the 14 ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It includes nine dioceses:

Awka (Bishop: Alexander Ibezim)

Aguata (Bishop: Samuel Ezeofor)

Amichi (Bishop: Ephraim Ikeakor)

Ihiala (Bishop: Israel Kelue Okoye)

Mbamili (Bishop: Obiora Uzochukwu)

On the Niger (Bishop: Owen Chidozie Nwokolo)

Niger West (Bishop: Johnson Ekwe)

Nnewi (Bishop: Ndubuisi Obi)

Ogbaru (Bishop: Prosper Afam Amah)
Tiruppattur, Sivaganga
Tiruppattur, also spelt Tiruppathur or Thiruppathur,  is a Taluk, Town Panchayat in Sivaganga district in the India state of Tamil Nadu. This town is located  22 km from Karaikudi and  27 km from Sivaganga. The town is renowned for the famous Thiruthalinathar Temple, a Padal petra sthalam of Tevaram, the sixth of 14 in the Pandyan region.

Tiruttalinathar Temple
Tiruttalinathar temple is a Siva temple located in Thiruputhur near Karaikkudi. This temple is regarded as the 6th of the Tevara Stalams in the Pandya kingdom of Tamil Nadu. The temples Rameswaram and Tiruvadanai are the other Shivastalams nearby. It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams.
Zheng Yi (pirate)
Zheng Yi (also romanised as Cheng Yud or Cheng I; born Zheng Wenxian, courtesy name Youyi; 1765 – 16 November 1807) was a powerful Chinese pirate operating from Guangdong and throughout the South China Sea in the late 1700s.

Cheung Po Tsai
Cheung Po Tsai (Chinese: 張保仔; born  Cheung Po; 1783–1822) was a Chinese navy colonel and a former pirate. "Cheung Po Tsai" literally means "Cheung Po the Kid". He was known to the Portuguese Navy as Quan Apon Chay during the Battle of the Tiger's Mouth.
Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Russia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Russian Woman", written by Manizha Sanghin, Ori Avni, and Ori Kaplan, and performed by Manizha herself. The Russian participating broadcaster, Channel One Russia (C1R), organised a national final to determine its representative for the contest.

As of 2025, this was Russia's final entry in the contest, before the country was excluded the following year due to its invasion of Ukraine.

Manizha
Manizha Dalerovna Sangin (Russian: Мани́жа Дале́ровна Санги́н; née Khamrayeva Russian: Хамра́ева; Tajik: Ҳамроева; born 8 July 1991), known mononymously as Manizha, is a Russian-Tajik singer and songwriter, as well as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Beginning her career in 2003 as a child singer, Manizha went on to perform with the music groups Ru.Kola, Assai, and Krip De Shin, before later pursuing a solo career. She represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with the song "Russian Woman".
VS/9
VS/9 is a computer operating system for the UNIVAC Series 90 mainframes (90/60, 90/70, and 90/80), used during the late 1960s through 1980s.  The 90/60 and 90/70 were repackaged Univac 9700 computers.  After the RCA acquisition by Sperry, it was determined that the RCA TSOS operating system was far more advanced than the Univac counterpart (named OS/7), so the company opted to merge the Univac hardware with the RCA software and introduced the 90/70.  The 90/60 was introduced shortly thereafter as a slower, less expensive 90/70.  It was not until the introduction of the 90/80 that VS/9 finally had a hardware platform optimized to take full advantage of its capability to allow both interactive and batch operations on the same computer.

UNIVAC
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation. After capturing the public imagination with the use of the UNIVAC I during the 1952 US Presidential election it was decided to extend the branding to all machines made by the other computing divisions of the Remington Rand company (Engineering Research Associates and the Norwalk Laboratory of Remington Rand).

Subsequently after the merger of Remington Rand with the Sperry Corporation (under name of Sperry Rand) in 1955, it was decided to merge all three divisions along with Remington Rand's tabulator division into one unified organization under the name of the Univac division. This name would persist until the mid 1980's when it would be renamed to the Sperry Computer Systems Division, the last UNIVAC-badged system was the UNIVAC 1100/90 which was announced in 1982 and first shipped in late 1983.
Godrej family
The Godrej family is an Indian Gujarati Parsi family that largely owns and manages the Godrej Group, a conglomerate founded by Ardeshir Godrej and his brother Pirojsha Burjorji Godrej in 1897. The family operates in various sectors, including real estate, consumer products, industrial engineering, appliances, furniture, security, and agricultural products. The family is led by Adi Godrej, along with his brother Nadir Godrej and their cousin Jamshyd Godrej. As of 2023, their estimated net worth was reported to be US$16.7 billion.

Jamshyd Godrej
Jamshyd Naoroji Godrej is an Indian industrialist and member of the Godrej family, currently serving as managing director and chairman of Godrej & Boyce, the holding company of the Godrej group. Godrej & Boyce is a diversified business with a presence across 10 industry sectors.

In October 2024, Jamshyd Godrej and Smita Crishna Godrej were ranked 22nd on the Forbes list of India’s 100 richest tycoons, with a net worth of $11.1 billion.
Peddlers (film)
Peddlers is a 2012 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film written and directed by Vasan Bala. The film stars Gulshan Devaiah, Nishikant Kamat, Kriti Malhotra, Nimrat Kaur and Siddharth Menon. The film was screened as part of Critics' Week of 2012 Cannes Film Festival.

Film's producer, Guneet Monga raised nearly ₹1 crore (US$120,000), half of film's budget of ₹2 crore (US$240,000) by posting the film's script on Facebook.

Siddharth Menon (actor)
Siddharth Menon (born 19 May 1989) is an Indian actor known for his work in film, television and theatre . He is best known for his roles in the films Loev (2015), Rajwade and Sons (2015) and Karwaan (2018) and the film  June (2021) for which he won a National Film Award and Nominated for Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Actor.
Faaite
Faaite, or Faaiti is an atoll of the Tuamotus in French Polynesia. It is located 60 kilometres (37 miles) to the north of Anaa Atoll. The total surface of the atoll is 227 square kilometres (88 square miles)  Its dry land area is 8.87 square kilometres (3.42 square miles). Its length is 28 kilometres (17 miles) and its width 10.5 kilometres (6.5 miles). The total population as of 2022 is 440 inhabitants.

Faaite's inner lagoon has a navigable channel to the ocean. The main village is Hitianau, with a total population of 246.

Anaa
Anaa, Nganaa-nui (or Ara-ura) is an atoll in the Tuamotu archipelago, in French Polynesia. It is located in the north-west of the archipelago, 350 km to the east of Tahiti. It is oval in shape, 29.5 km in length and 6.5 km wide, with a total land area of 38 km2 and a population of 504. The atoll is made up by eleven small barren islands with deeper and more fertile soil than other atolls in the Tuamotus. The lagoon is shallow, without entrance, and formed by three main basins. Although it does not have any navigable access, the water of the lagoon renews by several small channels that can be crossed walking.
Pippa Funnell
Philippa Rachel "Pippa" Funnell MBE (née Nolan, 7 October 1968) is an equestrian sportswoman who competes in eventing. In 2003, she became the first person to win the Rolex Grand Slam of Eventing (consecutive wins at Rolex Kentucky, Badminton and Burghley). She also won Badminton in 2002 and 2005. At the European Championships, she has won two Individual golds (1999–2001) and three team golds (1999–2003). She is a three-time Olympic medallist, winning team silver in 2000 and 2004, and an individual bronze in 2004. She also competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Badminton Horse Trials
The Badminton Horse Trials is a five-day event, one of only seven annual Concours Complet International (CCI) Five Star events as classified by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI). It takes place in May each year in the park of Badminton House, the seat of the Duke of Beaufort, in South Gloucestershire, England.
Samuel Bowers
Samuel Holloway Bowers Jr. (August 6, 1924 – November 5, 2006) was an American white supremacist who co-founded the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and became its first Imperial Wizard. Previously, he was a Grand dragon of the Mississippi Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, appointed to his position by Imperial Wizard Roy Davis. Bowers was responsible for instigating and planning the 1964 murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner by members of his Klan chapter near Philadelphia, Mississippi, for which he served six years in federal prison; and the 1966 murder of Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, for which he was sentenced to life in prison, 32 years after the crime. He also was accused of being involved in the 1967–1968 bombings of Jewish targets in the cities of Jackson and Meridian (according to one of the people convicted of some of the bombings, Thomas A. Tarrants III). He died in prison at the age of 82.

Vernon Dahmer
Vernon Ferdinand Dahmer Sr. (March 10, 1908 – January 10, 1966) was an American civil rights movement leader and president of the Forrest County chapter of the NAACP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. He was murdered by the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan for his work on recruiting Black Americans to vote.
Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Friedrich Carl von Savigny (21 February 1779, in Frankfurt am Main – 25 October 1861, in Berlin) was a German legal scholar (jurist) and legal historian. He served as professor of jurisprudence and was rector of the University of Berlin in 1812–1813. Savigny was also a member of the Prussian State Council and, from 1842 to 1848, Minister of State for Legal Reform (Staatsminister für Gesetzesrevision). He is regarded as the founder of the Historical School of Law.

German historical school
This is an article about a school of thought in the area of law. For economics, see historical school of economics.

The German historical school of jurisprudence is a 19th-century intellectual movement in the study of German law. With Romanticism as its background, it conceived of law as the organic expression of a national consciousness (Volksgeist). It stood in opposition to an earlier movement called Vernunftrecht ('rational law').
Angular distance
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors in three-dimensional space, or the central angle subtended by the radii through two points on a sphere. When the rays are lines of sight from an observer to two points in space, it is known as the apparent distance or apparent separation.

Angular distance appears in mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g., kinematics, astronomy, and geophysics). In the classical mechanics of rotating objects, it appears alongside angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum, moment of inertia and torque.

Central angle
A central angle is an angle whose apex (vertex) is the center O of a circle and whose legs (sides) are radii intersecting the circle in two distinct points A and B. Central angles are subtended by an arc between those two points, and the arc length is the central angle of a circle of radius one (measured in radians). The central angle is also known as the arc's angular distance. The arc length spanned by a central angle on a sphere is called spherical distance.

The size of a central angle Θ is  0° < Θ < 360°  or   0 < Θ < 2π (radians). When defining or drawing a central angle, in addition to specifying the points A and B, one must specify whether the angle being defined is the convex angle (<180°) or the reflex angle (>180°). Equivalently, one must specify whether the movement from point A to point B is clockwise or counterclockwise.
Wilf Hanni
Wilf Hanni (born February 19, 1948) is a Canadian politician and oil industry consultant in British Columbia. Hanni served as leader of the Reform Party of BC from August 30, 1997 to June 1998, and later as leader of the British Columbia Party, and the BC Conservative Party. He was the leader of the Christian Heritage Party of BC until 2013 when he stepped down due to family health issues.

On September 24, 2005, following a non-confidence vote in leader Barry Chilton, Hanni was appointed Interim Leader of the BC Conservative Party.  On March 18, 2006 in Kamloops, Hanni was chosen as Leader of the party. His resignation as leader was announced by the party on June 30, 2009.
Hanni is a resident of Cranbrook.

Reform Party of British Columbia
The Reform Party of British Columbia, or Reform BC, is an unregistered right-wing populist political party in British Columbia, Canada.  Although its name is similar to the defunct Reform Party of Canada, the provincial party was founded before the federal party was and it did not have any formal association with it. Their peak of support came in 1996 when they elected two members to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
Priconodon
Priconodon (meaning "saw cone tooth") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur (perhaps nodosaurid), mainly known from its large teeth. Its remains have been found in the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian age) Arundel Formation of Muirkirk, Prince George's County, Maryland, USA, and possibly the Potomac Group, also located in Maryland. As an ankylosaur, Priconodon would have been a large armored quadrupedal herbivore, though no size estimation has been done due to the scarcity of described remains.

Potomac Group
The Potomac Group is a geologic group in Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period. An indeterminate tyrannosauroid and Priconodon crassus, a nodosaurid, are known from indeterminate sediments belonging to the Potomac Group. The Potomac Group was initially believed to have been Late Jurassic in age by Othniel Charles Marsh but later studies, such as Clark (1897), have found that the Potomac Group is in fact Early-Late Cretaceous (Aptian-Turonian) in age. The most famous member of the group is the Arundel Formation, which preserves a high diversity of terrestrial vertebrate fauna and provides the most comprehensive look at the dinosaurian fauna of eastern North America during the Early Cretaceous.