hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Derick op den Graeff
Derick Isaacs op den Graeff, also Dirk, Dirck, Derrick Isaacs op den Graeff, Opdengraef, Opdengraff as well as Op den Gräff (1646 in Krefeld – May 24, 1697 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), was one of the so-called Original 13, the first closed group of German emigrants to North America, an original founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, as well as a civic leader. As an early abolitionist He was a signer of the first organized religious protest against slavery in colonial America. He, or his brother Abraham op den Graeff, are briefly mentioned in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem "The Pennsylvania Pilgrim" simply as "Op Den Graaf".

Germantown, Philadelphia
Germantown (German: Deutschstadt [ˈdɔʏtʃˌʃtat]) is an area in Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded by Palatine, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: Germantown and East Germantown.

Germantown has played a significant role in American history; it was the birthplace of the American antislavery movement, the site of a Revolutionary War battle, the temporary residence of George Washington, the location of the first bank of the United States, and the residence of many notable politicians, scholars, artists, and social activists.

Today, the area remains rich in historic sites and buildings from the colonial era, some of which are open to the public.
Brassel Mountain
Brassel Mountain (Irish: Cnoc Breasail, meaning 'hill of the raddle') at 575 metres (1,886 ft), is the 261-st highest peak in Ireland, on the Arderin scale. It is part of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks range in County Kerry.  Brassel Mountain is the south-east spur of the larger neighbouring peaks, Cnoc an Chuillinn 958 metres (3,143 ft), and Cnoc an Chuillinn East Top 926 metres (3,038 ft).  Because of its positioning away from the main ridge of the Reeks, and away from the glens used to access the Reeks (e.g. the Hag's Glen), Brassel is less frequently climbed, but can be used as an exit, or entry point to the main ridge.

Cnoc an Chuillinn
Cnoc an Chuillinn (Irish for "hill of the steep slope"), at 958 metres (3,143 ft), is the sixth-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin list and the seventh-highest peak in Ireland on the Vandeleur-Lynam list.  The name is sometimes incorrectly anglicised to Knockacullion, which is a name used for peaks and townlands in other parts of Ireland. Cnoc an Chuillinn is part of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks range in County Kerry.
UACH F.C.
Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua Fútbol Club was a Mexican football club based in the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. The club represented the Autonomous University of Chihuahua and participated in the Segunda División de México. The club played its home matches in the Estadio Olímpico José Reyes Baeza.

Autonomous University of Chihuahua
The Autonomous University of Chihuahua (in Spanish: Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, UACH) is a Mexican public university based in the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua, but with several campuses across the state. In December 8, 1954, the State Legislature, with Governor Oscar Soto Maynez, issued the decree 171, which founded the Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACh).
UACh was granted its autonomy in 1968, with the freedom to define its own curriculum and manage its own budget without interference from the government.
Shiro Koshinaka
Shiro Koshinaka (越中 詩郎, Koshinaka Shirō; born September 3, 1958) is a Japanese professional wrestler who has competed in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and Wrestle Association "R" (WAR) during the 1980s and 1990s. He was also the first IWGP Junior Heavyweight Champion.

IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship
The IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship (IWGPジュニアヘビー級王座, IWGP juniahebī-kyū ōza) is a professional wrestling world junior heavyweight championship owned by the New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) promotion. "IWGP" is the acronym of NJPW's governing body, the International Wrestling Grand Prix (インターナショナル・レスリング・グラン・プリ, intānashonaru resuringu guran puri). Only wrestlers under the junior heavyweight weight-limit may hold the championship. NJPW currently controls two junior heavyweight championships: the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship and the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. The weight-limit for the title is 100 kg (220 lb). The current champion is Douki, who is in his second reign.
Joseph Abura
Joseph Abura also known as Emeritus Joseph Abura (born in 1959)  was an Anglican bishop in Uganda: he has been  Bishop of Karamoja since 2006-2024  . He reached the mandatory retirement age for the Church of Uganda of 65 years on August 28, 2024, leading to his retirement from the Diocese of Karamoja.

Anglican dioceses of Northern Uganda
The Anglican dioceses of Northern Uganda are the Anglican presence in (roughly) the Northern Region, Uganda; they are part of the Church of Uganda. The remaining dioceses of the Church are in the areas of Buganda, of Eastern Uganda, of Ankole and Kigezi, and of Rwenzori.
Waldkirchen, Saxony
Waldkirchen is a village and former municipality in the district of Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. Since 1 March 2009 it has been part of the municipality of Grünhainichen.

Waldkirchen grew outwards in the direction of Grünhainichen from a church erected at the end of the village, from which the name of the village is derived ("forest church"), along an unnamed side valley of the river Zschopau. With the Reformation in 1539 Waldkirchen became an independent parish. The settlement of Zschopenthal (mentioned in church records for the first time in 1663) was established on the river Zschopau itself where, in 1687, a paintworks was built.

St. George's Church

View of Waldkirchen

St. George's Church

Cemetery chapel, old church

Grünhainichen
Grünhainichen is a municipality in the district Erzgebirgskreis, in Saxony, Germany. On 1 March 2009, Grünhainichen and the neighboring municipality Waldkirchen were merged. On 1 January 2015, the former municipality Borstendorf became part of Grünhainichen.
Comoving and proper distances
In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factors, such as the motion of a galaxy within a cluster. Proper distance roughly corresponds to where a distant object would be at a specific moment of cosmological time, which can change over time due to the expansion of the universe. Comoving distance and proper distance are defined to be equal at the present time. At other times, the Universe's expansion results in the proper distance changing, while the comoving distance remains constant.

Cosmic time
Cosmic time, or cosmological time, is the time coordinate used in the Big Bang models of physical cosmology.: 315  This concept of time avoids some issues related to relativity by being defined within a solution to the equations of general relativity widely used in cosmology.
America (novel)
America is a young adult novel written by E. R. Frank. It tells the story of America, a biracial boy.

The author of the book, E.R. Frank, is herself a social worker. In an author's note at the end of the book, she says she has worked with many Americas over the years.

The book was made into a 2009 TV movie on the Lifetime Television network, starring Philip Johnson as America and Rosie O'Donnell as his therapist. Although Dr. B is a woman in the movie, Dr. B is portrayed as a man in the novel.

America (2009 film)
America is a 2009 American made-for-television drama film directed by Yves Simoneau and starring Rosie O'Donnell, Ruby Dee and Philip Johnson. It was written by Joyce Eliason. The film is based on the young adult novel America by E. R. Frank. It premiered on February 28, 2009, on Lifetime.
Anubanini rock relief
The Anubanini petroglyph (Persian: سنگ‌نگاره آنوبانی‌نی), also called Sar-e Pol-e Zohab II or Sarpol-i Zohab relief, is a rock relief from the Akkad period (circa 2300 BC) or the Isin-Larsa period (early second millennium BC) located in Kermanshah province, Iran. The rock relief is believed to belong to the Lullubi culture and is located 120 kilometers away from the north of Kermanshah, close to Sarpol-e Zahab. Lullubi reliefs are the earliest rock reliefs of Iran, later ones being the Elamite reliefs of Eshkaft-e Salman and Kul-e Farah.

Lullubi
Lullubi, Lulubi (Akkadian: 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠, romanized: Lu-lu-biki, lit. 'Country of the Lullubi'), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of Bronze Age tribes of mostly  Hurrian origin with some possible Semitic input who existed and disappeared during the 3rd millennium BC. They were from a region known as Lulubum, now the Sharazor plain of the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Lullubi was a neighbour and sometimes ally with the Hurrian Simurrum kingdom and came into conflict with the Semitic Akkadian Empire and Assyria. Frayne (1990) identified their city Lulubuna or Luluban with the region's modern town of Halabja.
Edward Woodward
Edward Albert Arthur Woodward (1 June 1930 – 16 November 2009) was an English actor and singer. He began his career on stage, appearing in productions in both the West End of London and on Broadway in New York City. He came to wider attention from 1967 in the title role of the British television spy drama Callan, earning him the 1970 British Academy Television Award for Best Actor.

Woodward starred as Police Sergeant Neil Howie in the 1973 cult British horror film The Wicker Man, and in the title role of the 1980 Australian biopic Breaker Morant. From 1985 to 1989, Woodward starred as ex-secret agent turned private investigator Robert McCall in the American television series The Equalizer, earning him the 1986 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Drama Actor.

Tim Woodward
Timothy Oliver Woodward (24 April 1953 – 9 November 2023) was an English actor. His credits included Galileo (1975), Piece of Cake (1988), Families, Heartbeat, The Europeans (1979), Tales of the Unexpected (1982), Salomè (1986), Personal Services (1987) The Scarlet Letter (1995), Prime Suspect (1995),  Wide-Eye (2003–2022), Pierrepoint: The Last Hangman (2005), Space Race (2005), Agatha Christie's Poirot (2006), Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial (2006), The Fattest Man in Britain (2009), Mad Dogs (2011–2013), Fleming: The Man Who Would Be Bond (2014), Houdini (2014), London Has Fallen (2016), Criminal (2016), Genius (2017), Beast (2017), The Marine 6: Close Quarters (2018), Peaky Blinders (2019), and Radioactive (2019).
Oakland Arena
Oakland Arena, often referred to as the Oakland Coliseum Arena, is an indoor arena in Oakland, California, and part of the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Authority. Opened in 1966, the arena was originally home to the California Seals of the Western Hockey League (WHL), later of the National Hockey League (NHL), until their move to Cleveland in 1976. The arena most famously served as home to the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1971 to 2019, excluding a period of extensive renovation during the 1996–97 NBA season.

Cleveland Barons (NHL)
The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team based in Richfield, Ohio. They competed in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Adams Division in the Prince of Wales Conference (1976–1978). The Barons played at Richfield Coliseum. They were a relocation of the California Golden Seals franchise that had played in Oakland since 1967. After just two seasons, the team merged with the Minnesota North Stars (now the Dallas Stars). As a result, the NHL operated with 17 teams during the 1978–79 season.

Until 2024, the Barons were the last franchise in the NHL to cease operations. Ohio did not have another NHL team until the Columbus Blue Jackets joined the league 22 years later in 2000.
Thomas Louis
Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Louis, 1st Baronet (bap. 11 May 1758 – 17 May 1807) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War and French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He was one of Horatio Nelson's "Band of Brothers" in the Mediterranean in 1798, commanding a ship at the Battle of the Nile. Later, he was second in command at the Battle of San Domingo, for which service he was made a baronet. Louis died of an unknown ailment aboard his flagship in Alexandria harbour in 1807, and was buried in Malta.

Battle of San Domingo
The Battle of San Domingo was a naval battle of the War of the Third Coalition fought on 6 February 1806 between squadrons of French and British ships of the line off the southern coast of the French-occupied Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (San Domingo in contemporary English-language accounts) in the Caribbean.

All five of the French ships of the line commanded by Counter-admiral Corentin Urbain de Leissègues were captured or destroyed. The Royal Navy led by Vice-admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth lost no ships and suffered fewer than a hundred killed while the French lost approximately 1,500 men. Only a small number of the French squadron were able to escape.

The battle was the last major engagement of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars between British and French ships of the line in open water.
Hunterston A nuclear power station
Hunterston A nuclear power station is a former Magnox nuclear power station located at Hunterston in Ayrshire, Scotland, adjacent to Hunterston B. The ongoing decommissioning process is being managed by Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) subsidiary Nuclear Restoration Services.

Nuclear Restoration Services
Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) is a British nuclear decommissioning Site Licence Company (SLC) owned by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA).

It is responsible for the decommissioning of several first-generation nuclear power generation and research sites across the UK, and the operation of a hydro-electric plant.
PotashCorp
The Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, also known as PotashCorp, was a company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The company merged with Calgary-based Agrium to form Nutrien, in a transaction that closed on January 1, 2018.

The company was the world's largest potash producer and the third largest producer of nitrogen and phosphate, three primary crop nutrients used to produce fertilizer. At the end of 2011, the company controlled twenty percent of the world's potash production capacity, two percent of nitrogen production capacity and five percent of phosphate supply. The company was part-owner of Canpotex, which manages all potash exporting from Saskatchewan.  It also had a joint-venture with Sinochem named Sinofert. In late 2013, it was 60%-owned by institutional shareholders.  In 2007, the CEO, William Doyle was by far the highest earning CEO in Canada, earning $320 million.

William Doyle (Canadian businessman)
William "Bill" Doyle was the CEO of the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (PotashCorp), the world's largest fertilizer company by capacity. Doyle was CEO of PotashCorp since 1999. On April 6, 2014, Doyle announced his intention to retire on July 1, 2015, and to transition from president and CEO to senior advisor on July 1, 2014, when he was succeeded by Jochen Tilk.

Doyle formerly swas president of the International Fertilizer industry Association, a trade association representing the global fertilizer industry, and is a board member of Canpotex and the International Plant Nutrition Institute. Doyle is a 39-year veteran of the fertilizer industry. He is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Georgetown University, having succeeded former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue in July, 2015.
Jeffrey L. Price
Jeffrey L. Price (born 1958) is an American researcher and author in the fields of circadian rhythms and molecular biology. His chronobiology work with Drosophila melanogaster has led to the discoveries of the circadian genes timeless (tim) and doubletime (dbt), and the doubletime regulators spaghetti (SPAG)  and bride of doubletime (BDBT).

Timeless (gene)
Timeless (tim) is a gene in multiple species but is most notable for its role in Drosophila for encoding TIM, an essential protein that regulates circadian rhythm. Timeless mRNA and protein oscillate rhythmically with time as part of a transcription-translation negative feedback loop involving the period (per) gene and its protein.
Véhicule Automatique Léger
Véhicule Automatique Léger (lit. 'automatic light vehicle') or VAL is a type of driverless (automated), rubber-tyred, light metro (people mover). The technology was developed at the Lille University of Science and Technology, was marketed by Matra, and first used in the early 1980s for the Lille Metro system, one of the world's first fully automated mass-transit rail networks, preceded only by the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The VAL technology is now marketed by Siemens, which acquired Matra in the late 1990s.

A total of 11 lines in 8 systems based on the VAL technology are currently in operation worldwide. The current version of the VAL product is marketed as NeoVal (with a distinction between AirVal for airport environments and CityVal for more conventional transit environments).

The name is a backronym, with the first project to use the technology nicknamed VAL after the routing of the line: Villeneuve d'Ascq à Lille (lit. 'Villeneuve d'Ascq to Lille').

Siemens Mobility
Siemens Mobility GmbH is a division of Siemens that specializes in rail transport. With its global headquarters in Munich, Siemens Mobility has four core business units: Mobility Management, dedicated to rail technology and intelligent traffic systems, Railway Electrification, Rolling Stock, and Customer Services.
Laird of Burnbrae
Laird of Burnbrae was a hereditary title in Scotland that was held by several generations in the Primrose family. The Lands of Burnbrae was situated near Kincardine, and has since been joined with Kincardine.

The book, Culross and Tulliallan, states that the Lands of Burnbrae were previously held by the Blaw family until it was passed on to the Primrose family when Margaret Blaw married Archibald Primrose, who then became the first proprietor of that name to hold the lands of Burnbrae. The Primrose family held the title to the Lands of Burnbrae for over two hundred years until it became incorporated with the Tulliallan estate.

The Lairds of Burnbrae resided in Tulliallan, formerly in Perthshire, Scotland although in some early sources Tulliallan is cited as part of Fife, where it currently lies. The family is related to the Lord Dalmeny (a subordinate title of the Earl of Rosebery), whose family surname is also Primrose.

Earl of Rosebery
Earl of Rosebery is a title in the Peerage of Scotland created in 1703 for Archibald Primrose, 1st Viscount of Rosebery, with remainder to his issue male and female successively. Its name comes from Roseberry Topping, a hill near Archibald's wife's estates in Yorkshire. The current earl is Harry Primrose, 8th Earl of Rosebery.
National Advisory Council (India)
The National Advisory Council (NAC) was an advisory body set up by the first United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in 2004 to advise the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh. Sonia Gandhi served as its chairperson for much of the tenure of the UPA government. Its aim was to assist the Prime Minister in achieving and monitoring missions and goals.

United Progressive Alliance
The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress. It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority.

The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election.
Peter J. M. Squires
Air Vice-Marshal Peter James Murray Squires, OBE, ADC (born 1968) is a senior Royal Air Force officer, who served as the Commander of British Forces Cyprus until March 2025. From August 2016 to October 2019 he served as Commandant of RAF College Cranwell. He was formerly a Harrier pilot and served as commander of No. 100 Squadron RAF, flying BAE Systems Hawks.

Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy
The Royal Air Force Officer Training Academy (RAFOTA) formerly known as the Royal Air Force College (RAFC) is the Royal Air Force academy which provides initial training to all RAF personnel who are preparing to become commissioned officers. The College also provides initial training to aircrew cadets and is responsible for all RAF recruiting along with officer and aircrew selection. Originally established as a naval aviation training centre during World War I, the College was established as the world's first air academy in 1919. During World War II, the College was closed and its facilities were used as a flying training school. Reopening after the War, the College absorbed the Royal Air Force Technical College in 1966.

The Royal Air Force College is based at RAF Cranwell near Sleaford in Lincolnshire, and is sometimes titled as the Royal Air Force College Cranwell.
Batley Carr
Batley Carr is a district which includes parts of Dewsbury and Batley in West Yorkshire, England.

Batley Carr housed workers from the mills of Dewsbury and Batley. As the settlement expanded with the growth of the textile industry, it gained its own railway station, Staincliffe and Batley Carr. The red brick station master's house still stands, but is now a private residence.

Shannon Matthews, who disappeared from Dewsbury Moor on 19 February 2008, was found alive on 14 March 2008 in Lidgate Gardens, Batley Carr.

Dewsbury
Dewsbury is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It is sited on the River Calder and on an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation waterway. It lies to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. It forms part of the Heavy Woollen District, of which it is the largest town. The population of the built-up area was 63,722 at the 2021 Census.
Simplicius of Cilicia
Simplicius of Cilicia (/sɪmˈplɪʃiəs/; Greek: Σιμπλίκιος ὁ Κίλιξ; c. 480 – c. 540) was a disciple of Ammonius Hermiae and Damascius, and was one of the last of the Neoplatonists. He was among the pagan philosophers persecuted by Justinian in the early 6th century, and was forced for a time to seek refuge in the Persian court, before being allowed back into the empire. He wrote extensively on the works of Aristotle. Although his writings are all commentaries on Aristotle and other authors, rather than original compositions, his intelligent and prodigious learning makes him the last great philosopher of pagan antiquity. His works have preserved much information about earlier philosophers which would have otherwise been lost.

Priscian of Lydia
Priscian of Lydia (or Priscianus; Ancient Greek: Πρισκιανὸς ὁ Λυδός Prīskiānós ho Lȳdós; Latin: Priscianus Lydus; fl. 6th century), was one of the last of the Neoplatonists. Two works of his have survived.