hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Bygland
Bygland is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Setesdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Bygland. Other villages in the municipality include Åraksbø, Austad, Byglandsfjord, Grendi, Langeid, Lauvdal, Litveit, Longerak, Moi, Ose, Sandnes, Skåmedal, and Tveit. The Norwegian National Road 9 runs through the municipality, following the river Otra where most of the population of Bygland lives.

The 1,312-square-kilometre (507 sq mi) municipality is the 76th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bygland is the 323rd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,136. The municipality's population density is 1 inhabitant per square kilometre (2.6/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.

Ose, Norway
Ose is a village in Bygland municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located along the river Otra, just north of the lake Åraksfjorden. The Norwegian National Road 9 runs through the village. Just across the river to the north lies the village of Austad, and about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the north along Highway 9 lies the village of Moi.

The Reiårsfossen waterfall lies about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the south. The area just southeast of the waterfall is the site of Reiårsfossen Camping, which is also the location of the Ose Country Music festival.  There is a traditionally-built log building in Ose called Storståga, which is used for various exhibitions.

The SS Bjoren is a wood-fuelled heritage steamboat that travels the route between Byglandsfjord-Bygland-Ose across the lake Byglandsfjorden and Åraksfjorden each summer.
Canon TS-E 50mm lens
The Canon TS-E 50 mm f/2.8L MACRO is a tilt-shift prime lens that provides the equivalent of the corresponding view camera front movements on Canon EOS camera bodies. Unlike most other EF-mount lenses, it does not provide autofocus.

Canon TS-E 135mm lens
The Canon TS-E 135 mm f/4L MACRO is a tilt-shift, Macro prime lens that provides the equivalent of the corresponding view camera front movements on Canon EOS camera bodies. Unlike most other EF-mount lenses, it does not provide autofocus.
Ionosphere
The ionosphere (/aɪˈɒnəˌsfɪər/) is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar radiation. It plays an important role in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on Earth. Travel through this layer also impacts GPS signals, resulting in effects such as deflection in their path and delay in the arrival of the signal.

Sporadic E propagation
Sporadic E (abbreviated Es or SpE) is an uncommon form of radio propagation using a low level of the Earth's ionosphere that normally does not refract radio waves above about 15 MHz.

Sporadic E propagation reflects signals off relatively small ionization patches in the lower E region located at altitudes of about 95–120 km (59–75 mi). The more conventional forms of skywave propagation in the ionosphere's higher F region refract off layers of electrons that are knocked off gas atoms and molecules by intense UV light, which are renewed on a regular repeating daily cycle. In both cases, the electrons, when present, refract (or "bend") radio signals back toward the Earth's surface creating a "bent pipe" path for radio signals.

The Es propagation often supports occasional long-distance communication during the approximately 6 weeks centered on summer solstice at very high frequencies (VHF), which under normal conditions propagate mostly by line-of-sight.
Kishinchand Chellaram College
Kishinchand Chellaram College (ISO: Kiśinacaṁda Cēllārāma Kôlēja), commonly known as KC College, is a higher educational Autonomous institution in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is affiliated to the HSNC University.It was the first college to be awarded an "A" grade by The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in Mumbai (and Maharashtra).

HSNC University
The HSNC University, Mumbai is a collegiate public state university located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was established as a joint venture between the Ministry of HRD (erstwhile Education Ministry), the Government of Maharashtra, and the HSNC Board (the parent educational trust). It is the second cluster university in the city of Mumbai.
Calopadia imshaugii
Calopadia imshaugii is a species of crustose lichen in the family Ectolechiaceae. It was described from Florida. It has brown apothecia (fruiting bodies) with a coarse, white pruinose (powdery) coating, and its muriform (multi-chambered) ascospores are often produced two per ascus (sometimes one or three), which is unusual in Calopadia.

Calopadia
Calopadia is a genus of foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichens in the family Ectolechiaceae. The genus was established by the Czech lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1986 and contains around 24 species found primarily in tropical regions. These lichens form thin, pale brownish to greyish crusts on leaf surfaces and produce small brown disc-shaped fruiting bodies. They are distinguished from similar genera by their non-black fruiting structures and characteristic curved or coiled asexual spores. The genus has its greatest diversity in the Neotropics, though species have also been recorded from tropical Africa, Asia, and Australasia.
Maureen Lehane
Maureen Theresa Lehane Wishart (18 September 1932 – 27 December 2010) was an English mezzo-soprano singer, university lecturer and founder of the Great Elm Music Festival, Jackdaws Music Education Trust and an annual Vocal Award for young singers. She was known for her recordings and performances of Handel's operas.

She was married to the English composer Peter Wishart. They lived in Great Elm near Frome, Somerset.

Peter Wishart (composer)
Peter Charles Arthur Wishart (25 June 1921 – 14 August 1984) was an English composer and academic. His compositions include several neo-classical operas, orchestral and chamber pieces, and a large amount of church music. Critics have commented on Wishart's strong and individual lyricism and his admiration for the music of Igor Stravinsky.
Edward Fike
Merlin Edward Fike (February 5, 1925 – February 19, 2018) was an American politician from Nevada who served as the state's  24th lieutenant governor from 1967 to 1971 and also unsuccessfully ran for senate in 1968 and for governor in 1970.

1970 Nevada gubernatorial election
The 1970 Nevada gubernatorial election occurred on November 3, 1970. Incumbent Republican Paul Laxalt did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Nevada. Democratic nominee Mike O'Callaghan defeated Republican nominee Ed Fike to succeed him.
San Rafael Pacifics
The San Rafael Pacifics are an American professional baseball team based in San Rafael, California, United States. They compete in the Pacific Division of the Pecos League, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major or Minor League Baseball. They were previous members of the North American League and charter members of the Pacific Association. The Pacifics have played their homes games at Albert Park since 2012. The Pacifics were the winningest franchise of the Pacific Association, capturing four championships in seven seasons.

Albert Park, San Rafael
Albert Park is a baseball field that is now home to the San Rafael Pacifics. The Pacifics are a member of the Pecos League, an independent professional baseball league not affiliated with Major League Baseball. The park opened March 18, 1951, on land donated by businessman and local entrepreneur Jacob Albert in 1937. In the early 1950s, Yankee infielder and future legendary skipper Billy Martin would bring a bunch of the best semipro players from his side of the bay over to Albert Park for a weekend. The field measurements are 325 ft (99 m) on the left- and right-field lines and 370 ft (110 m) in center field.
India men's national under-21 field hockey team
The India men's national under-21 field hockey team represents India in men's under-21 field hockey competitions. It is governed by Hockey India, the governing body for field hockey in India. They are one of the most successful junior field hockey team in the world having won the World Cup twice and Asia Cup five times. The team is currently ranked 2nd in the world, and 1st in Asia.

Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup
The Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup is a men's international under-21 field hockey tournament organized by the Asian Hockey Federation. The tournament has been held since 1988 and serves as a qualification tournament for the Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup. Competitors must be under the age of 21 as of December 31 in the year before the tournament is held.

The tournament has been won by four different teams: India has the most titles with five and Pakistan follows with three. Malaysia and South Korea have both won the tournament once. The most recent edition was held in Muscat, Oman and was won by India. The 2021 edition, to be held in Dhaka, Bangladesh, was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Second Basketball League of Serbia
Second Men's League of Serbia (Serbian Cyrillic: Друга мушка лига Србије, romanized: Druga muška liga Srbije), previously Basketball League of Serbia B, is the second-tier level men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006, it is run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).

Basketball League of Serbia
The Basketball League of Serbia (Serbian: Кошаркашка лига Србије, romanized: Košarkaška liga Srbije), commonly abbreviated as KLS, is a top-tier men's professional basketball league in Serbia. Founded in 2006. It is currently not run by the Basketball Federation of Serbia (KSS).
Mary and Conrad Buff
Mary Buff (April 10, 1890 – November 30, 1970) and Conrad Buff II (August 31, 1886 – March 11, 1975) were married creators of illustrated children's books. Between 1937 and 1968, they collaborated on both text and illustrations to produce 14 books; they were runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1943 and received three Newbery Honors (1947, 1952, and 1954.) They had a profound impact on children's literature in the mid-20th century.

The Apple and the Arrow
The Apple and the Arrow is a children's novella written and illustrated by Mary and Conrad Buff, published by Houghton Mifflin in 1951. It retells the legend of William Tell from the viewpoint of his 12-year-old son Walter. It is set in 1291, during the political upheaval that led to the foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

The Buffs were one runner-up for the 1952 Newbery Medal from the American Library Association, recognizing the previous year's "most distinguished contribution to American literature for children". The Apple and the Arrow is called a Newbery Honor Book in retrospect and may display a silver seal.
Jules Gounon
Jules Jean-Louis Gounon (born 31 December 1994 in Aubenas) is an Andorran-based French professional racing driver. He is best known for his victories in the 24 Hours of Spa in 2017 and 2022, and the Bathurst 12 Hour in 2020, 2022 and 2023.

Daniel Juncadella
Daniel Juncadella Pérez-Sala (born 7 May 1991) is a Spanish racing driver who currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship for Genesis Magma Racing. He is son of Xavier Juncadella and nephew of José María Juncadella, Alex Soler-Roig and Luis Pérez-Sala, also racecar drivers.
Mohamed Ainanshe Guled
Brigadier General Mohamed Ainanshe Guled (Somali: Maxamed Caynaanshe Guuleed Faarax Caynaanshe) was a Somali military officer and politician who served as the First Vice President of Somalia from 1969 to 1971.

A prominent military figure in Somalia during the 1960s, he led the 1969 Somali coup d'état along with Siad Barre that established Barre's regime and the Somali Democratic Republic. However, his discontent with Barre's rule over the country and power struggle within the latter's government ultimately led to his demise and execution, after he and other officials were accused of plotting to overthrow Siad Barre's regime in 1971.

Somali Democratic Republic
The Somali Democratic Republic (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الديمقراطية; Italian: Repubblica Democratica Somala) was a communist state in Somalia, one of only two in the Arab world (together with South Yemen), that existed from 1969 to 1991.

Established in October 1969, the Somali Democratic Republic emerged following a coup d'état led by Major General Siad Barre and the Somali military. The coup took place six days after the assassination of Abdirashid Shermarke, the second President of the Somali Republic. Barre's administration and the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party governed Somalia for the next 21 years until the rise of Ethiopian-backed Somali rebel groups, which ultimately led to the government's collapse and the onset of civil war in 1991.
Polyus (spacecraft)
The Polyus spacecraft (Russian: Полюс, pole), also known as Polus, Skif-DM, GRAU index 17F19DM, was a prototype Soviet orbital weapons platform designed to destroy Strategic Defense Initiative satellites with a megawatt carbon-dioxide laser. It had a Functional Cargo Block derived from a TKS spacecraft to control its orbit and it could launch test targets to demonstrate the fire control system.

Carbon-dioxide laser
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available. They are also quite efficient: the ratio of output power to pump power can be as large as 20%.
The CO2 laser produces a beam of infrared light with the principal wavelength bands centering on 9.6 and 10.6 micrometers (μm).
Carlos Brewer
Major General Carlos Brewer (5 December 1890 – 29 September 1976) was a United States Army officer who commanded the 12th Armored Division during World War II. After training the 12th Armored Division, he was not permitted to command the division in combat due to his age, so he requested his rank be reverted from major general to Colonel so that he could become an artillery officer in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). He innovated the method of field artillery targeting used in World War II, and implemented triangular organization of divisions.

12th Armored Division (United States)
The 12th Armored Division was an armored division of the United States Army in World War II. It fought in the European Theater of Operations in France, Germany and Austria, between November 1944 and May 1945.

The German Army called the 12th Armored Division the "Suicide Division" for its fierce defensive actions during Operation Nordwind in France, and they were nicknamed the "Mystery Division" when they were temporarily transferred to the command of the Third Army under General George S. Patton Jr., to cross the Rhine River.

The 12th Armored Division was one of only ten U.S. divisions (and only one of two U.S. armored divisions) during World War II that had African-American combat companies integrated into the division. The group was known as Company D. One of the African American soldiers, Staff Sergeant Edward A. Carter Jr. was awarded The Distinguished Service Cross for gallantry in combat during World War II, and was later awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously.
Sue Huff
Sue Huff is a former politician from Alberta, Canada. She was the acting leader of the Alberta Party from November 23, 2010, to May 28, 2011. She served as an elected public school trustee for the city of Edmonton from 2007 to 2010.

Progressive Tory Party of Alberta
The Progressive Tory Party of Alberta, formerly the Alberta Party from 1998 to 2025, is a political party in the province of Alberta, Canada. The Alberta Party described itself as centrist and pragmatic in that it is not dogmatically ideological in its approach to politics.

On December 18, 2025, the party changed its name to the Progressive Tory Party of Alberta.
Rob Kerin
Robert Gerard Kerin (born 4 January 1954) is a former South Australian politician who was the Premier of South Australia from 22 October 2001 to 5 March 2002, representing the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. He was also Deputy Premier of South Australia from 7 July 1998 until he became Premier and, after losing government, leader of the opposition until after the 2006 election.

Dean Brown
Dean Craig Brown, AO (born 5 April 1943) is a politician who served as the Premier of South Australia between 14 December 1993 and 28 November 1996, and also served as 10th Deputy Premier of South Australia between 22 October 2001 and 5 March 2002, representing the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. He became premier when he led the party to a landslide win at the 1993 state election, and lost the office when he lost a leadership challenge to John Olsen in November 1996.
Battle of the Chernaya
The Battle of the Chernaya (also Tchernaïa; Russian: Сражение у Черной  речки, Сражение у реки Черной, literally: Battle of the Black River) was fought at the Traktir Bridge on the Chernaya River during the Crimean War on August 16, 1855. The battle was fought between Russian,  French, Piedmontese and Ottoman troops. The Chernaya River is on the outskirts of Sevastopol, near the line of the allies' siege of the city.

The Russian attack was poorly organised and conducted, and was defeated by the numerically inferior allied forces under commanders A. Pélissier and A. La Marmora.

M. Gorchakov personally participated in the heat of battle, but was unable to tilt the outcome in Russia's favor.

Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov
Prince Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov (Russian: Михаи́л Дми́триевич Горчако́в, Polish: Michaił Dymitrowicz Gorczakow; 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1793 – 30 May [O.S. 18 May] 1861, Warsaw) was a Russian general of the artillery from the Gorchakov family, who commanded the Russian forces in the latter stages of the Crimean War and later served as the namestnik of Poland from 1856 until his death. His military career included remarkable successes, such as the Battle of the Great Redan, as well as significant setbacks, such as the Battle of the Chernaya.
Edward Hardwicke
Edward Cedric Hardwicke (7 August 1932 – 16 May 2011) was an English actor who had a career on the stage and on-screen. He was best known for playing Captain Pat Grant in Colditz (1972–73), and Dr. Watson in Granada Television's Sherlock Holmes (1986–94).

Dr. Watson
Dr. John H. Watson is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Along with Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson first appeared in the novel A Study in Scarlet (1887). "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place" (1927) is the last work of Doyle featuring Watson and Holmes, although their last appearance in the canonical timeline is in "His Last Bow" (1917).

As Holmes's friend and confidant, Watson has appeared in various films, television series, video games, comics and radio programmes.
Small stellated dodecahedron
In geometry, the small stellated dodecahedron is a Kepler–Poinsot polyhedron, named by Arthur Cayley, and with Schläfli symbol {⁠5/2⁠,5}. It is one of four nonconvex regular polyhedra. It is composed of 12 pentagrammic faces, with five pentagrams meeting at each vertex.

It shares the same vertex arrangement as the convex regular icosahedron. It also shares the same edge arrangement with the great icosahedron, with which it forms a degenerate uniform compound figure.

It is the second of four stellations of the dodecahedron (including the original dodecahedron itself).

The small stellated dodecahedron can be constructed analogously to the pentagram, its two-dimensional analogue, via the extension of the edges (1-faces) of the core polytope until a point is reached where they intersect.

Great dodecahedron
In geometry, the great dodecahedron is one of four Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra. It is composed of 12 pentagonal faces (six pairs of parallel pentagons), intersecting each other making a pentagrammic path, with five pentagons meeting at each vertex.
San Diego State Aztecs baseball
For information on all San Diego State University sports, see San Diego State Aztecs

The San Diego State Aztecs baseball team is the college baseball program that represents San Diego State University (SDSU). The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW). The team plays its home games at Tony Gwynn Stadium.

Notable alumni include Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Tony Gwynn and World Series MVP Stephen Strasburg.

Tony Gwynn Stadium
Tony Gwynn Stadium is a ballpark in San Diego, California, located on the campus of San Diego State University (SDSU). Opened in 1997, it is the home of the San Diego State Aztecs baseball team. The Aztecs compete in NCAA Division I as a member of the Mountain West Conference (MW).
Hokuei, Tottori
Hokuei (北栄町, Hokuei-chō) is a town located in Tōhaku District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2023, the town had an estimated population of 14,508 in 5471 households and a population density of 210 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 56.94 square kilometres (21.98 sq mi).

Tōhaku District
Tōhaku (東伯郡, Tōhaku-gun) is a district located in Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 65,944 and a density of 109.54 persons per km2. The total area is 602.02 km2.
Warinanco Park
Warinanco Park (pronounced by locals as War-Rah-NINK-co) is a county park in Union County, New Jersey. It is 205 acres (83 ha) in size. It is located  in Roselle at the border with the neighboring cities of Elizabeth and Linden.

Rahway River Parkway
The Rahway River Parkway is a greenway of parkland along the banks the main stem Rahway River and its tributaries in Union County, New Jersey, United States. Created in the 1920s, it was one of the inaugural projects of the newly created Union County Parks Commission. It was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm, sons of landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The Rahway River Greenway plan expands on the original design. Many of the crossings of the river are late 19th century or early 20th century bridges. The East Coast Greenway uses paths and roads along the parkway.

The parkway intersects with the 7.3-mile main line of the abandoned Rahway Valley Railroad via abandoned rail trestle over the river, which some have advocated for converting to a pedestrian linear park and rail trail.

Sections of the parkway have been dedicated part of the September 11th National Memorial Trail.
RM-ODP
Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is a reference model in computer science, which provides a co-ordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It supports distribution, interworking, platform and technology independence, and portability, together with an enterprise architecture framework for the specification of ODP systems.

RM-ODP, also named ITU-T Rec. X.901-X.904 and ISO/IEC 10746, is a joint effort by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).

Reference model
A reference model—in systems, enterprise, and software engineering—is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication.  A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set.  This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community.

Reference models are often illustrated as a set of concepts with some indication of the relationships between the concepts.