hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Dog sled
A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow, a practice known as mushing. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function. They can be used for dog sled racing. Traditionally in Greenland and the eastern Canadian Arctic the Inuit had the dogs pull in a fan shape in front of the sled, while in other regions, such as Alaska and the western part of Northern Canada the dogs pull side by side in pairs.

Mushing
Mushing is a sport or transport method powered by dogs, either by cart, pulk, dog scootering, sled dog racing, skijoring, freighting, and weight pulling. More specifically, it implies the use of one or more dogs to pull a sled, most commonly a specialized type of dog sled on snow, or a rig on dry land.
Roadway departure
A roadway departure (also called roadway excursion or run-off-road collision) is a type of incident that occurs when a vehicle leaves the roadway. Such incidents can lead to a single-vehicle collision.

Road collision types
Road traffic collisions generally fall into one of five common types:

Lane departure crashes, which occur when a driver leaves the lane they are in and collides with another vehicle or a roadside object. These include head-on collisions and roadway departure collisions.

Collisions at junctions, including rear-end collision and angle or side impacts

Collisions involving pedestrians and cyclists

Collisions with animals

Collisions with buildings

Other types of collision may occur. Rollovers are not very common, but lead to greater rates of severe injury and death. Some of these are secondary events that occur after a collision with a roadway departure crash or a collision with another vehicle.

If several vehicles are involved, the term 'serial crash' may be used. If many vehicles are involved, the term 'major incident' may be used rather than 'pile up'.
One (pronoun)
One is an English language, gender-neutral, indefinite pronoun that means, roughly, "a person". For purposes of verb agreement it is a third-person singular pronoun, though it sometimes appears with first- or second-person reference. It is sometimes called an impersonal pronoun. It is more or less equivalent to the Scots "a body", the French pronoun on, the German/Scandinavian man, and the Spanish uno. It can take the possessive form one's and the reflexive form oneself, or it can adopt those forms from the generic he with his and himself.

The pronoun one often has connotations of formality, and is often avoided in favour of more colloquial alternatives such as generic you. The noun one can also be used as a pro-form (e.g. "The green one is an apple"), which is not to be confused with the pronoun.

Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns
A third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener. Some languages, such as Slavic, with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack grammatical gender; in such languages, gender usually adheres to "natural gender", which is often based on biological sex. Other languages, including most Austronesian languages, lack gender distinctions in personal pronouns entirely, as well as any system of grammatical gender.

In languages with pronominal gender, problems of usage may arise in contexts where a person of unspecified or unknown social gender is being referred to but commonly available pronouns are gender-specific. Different solutions to this issue have been proposed and used in various languages.
Guidance Patrol
The Guidance Patrol (Persian: گشت ارشاد, romanized: gašt-e eršâd) or morality police is an Islamic religious police force and vice squad in the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its role is to enforce Sharia law as defined by Iranian legislation, with a particular focus on ensuring compliance with Islamic dress codes, such as mandating that women wear a hijab. Established in 2005 as the successor to the Islamic Revolution Committees, the Guidance Patrol reports directly to the supreme leader.

Islamic Revolutionary Committees
Islamic Revolutionary Committees (Persian: کمیته‌های انقلاب اسلامی, romanized: Komitehāye Enqelābe Eslāmi), simply known as the Committee, was a revolutionary organization turned law enforcement agency in Iran. Founded in 1979, it merged with Shahrbani and Iranian Gendarmerie to form the Police Command in 1991.
Sale of Goods Act 1979
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 (c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulated English contract law and UK commercial law in respect of goods that are sold and bought. The Act consolidated the original Sale of Goods Act 1893 and subsequent legislation, which in turn had codified and consolidated the law. Since 1979, there have been numerous minor statutory amendments and additions to the 1979 act. It was replaced for some aspects of consumer contracts from 1 October 2015 by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c 22) but remains the primary legislation underpinning business-to-business transactions involving selling or buying goods.

The act applies to contracts where property in 'goods' is transferred or agreed to be transferred for a monetary consideration, in other words: where property (ownerstop) in personal chattels is sold.

Sale of Goods Act 1893
The Sale of Goods Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 71) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom to regulate contracts in which goods are sold and bought and to define the rights and duties of the parties (where not expressly defined in the agreement), while specifically preserving the relevance of ordinary contractual principles. The act was repealed in the United Kingdom in 1980 and 1982 but remains in force in Ireland, having been carried over into Irish law following independence.
Interstate 70 in Missouri
Interstate 70 (I-70) in the US state of Missouri is generally parallel to the Missouri River. This section of the transcontinental interstate stretches from the Kansas state line on the Lewis and Clark Viaduct, running concurrently with U.S. Route 24 (US 24), US 40 and US 169, to the east end on the Stan Musial Veterans Memorial Bridge in St. Louis.

U.S. Route 40 in Missouri
U.S. Route 40 (US 40) in the state of Missouri is a U.S. highway that runs from Kansas City to St. Louis. Outside of Greater St. Louis, much of the route either parallels or runs along I-70. East of Wentzville in Greater St. Louis, the route runs along I-64.
Arteriole
An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.

Arterioles have muscular walls (usually only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells) and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The greatest change in blood pressure and velocity of blood flow occurs at the transition of arterioles to capillaries. This function is extremely important because it prevents the thin, one-layer capillaries from exploding upon pressure. The arterioles achieve this decrease in pressure, as they are the site with the highest resistance (a large contributor to total peripheral resistance) which translates to a large decrease in the pressure.

Artery
An artery (from Greek  ἀρτηρία (artēríā)) is a blood vessel in humans and most other animals that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart in the systemic circulation to one or more parts of the body. Exceptions that carry deoxygenated blood are the pulmonary arteries in the pulmonary circulation that carry blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the umbilical arteries in the fetal circulation that carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta. It consists of a multi-layered artery wall wrapped into a tube-shaped channel.

Arteries contrast with veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back towards the heart; or in the pulmonary and fetal circulations carry oxygenated blood to the lungs and fetus respectively.
1911 Sarez earthquake
The 1911 Sarez earthquake occurred at 18:41 UTC on 18 February (23:31 local time) in the central Pamir Mountains in the Rushon District of eastern Tajikistan (then part of the Russian Empire). It had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of about IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a massive landslide, blocking the Murghab River and forming the Usoi Dam, the tallest dam in the world, creating Sarez Lake.  The earthquake and related landslides destroyed many buildings and killed about 100 people.

Sarez Lake
Sarez Lake (/səˈrɛz/ sə-REZ) is a lake in Rushon District of Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. Its length is about 75.8 kilometres (47.1 mi), its depth about a few hundred meters, its water surface elevation about 3,263 metres (10,705 ft) above sea level, and volume of water over 16 cubic kilometres (3.8 cu mi). The mountains around it rise over 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above the lake level.

The lake formed in 1911, after a great earthquake, when the Murghab River was blocked by a big landslide. Scientists believe that the landslide dam formed by the earthquake, known as the Usoi Dam, is unstable given local seismicity, and that the terrain below the lake is in danger of catastrophic flood if the dam were to fail during a future earthquake. The Usoi Dam wall survived a localised 7.2 magnitude earthquake, the 2015 Tajikistan earthquake, on 7 December 2015 with no visible signs of deterioration.

Shadau Lake is a small water body southwest of the Usoi Dam and west of Sarez Lake.
Augustus Van Pelt
Augustus Van Pelt (February 2, 1817 – October 18, 1889) was a 19th-century New York Sandy Hook maritime pilot. He was captain of the pilot boat Isaac Webb, for 19 years. His son, Frank P. Van Pelt was also a well-known Sandy Hook Pilot.

Frank P. Van Pelt
Francis Perkins Van Pelt (1861 – July 20, 1942) was a 19th-century Sandy Hook Pilot. He is best known for being the President of the New York Sandy Hook Pilots Association and chairman of the executive committee of the New York and New Jersey Pilots' Associations. His father was Augustus Van Pelt a Sandy Hook pilot.
Penn effect
The Penn effect is the economic finding that commodity prices are higher in countries with higher income.

This is often interpreted to mean that real income ratios between high and low income countries are misrepresented by gross domestic product (GDP) conversion at market exchange rates. It is associated with what became the Penn World Table, and it has been a consistent econometric result since at least the 1950s.

However, the "Penn effect", even as Samuelson used it, refers to the general observation: there is correlation between higher price levels and higher per capita income.

The Balassa–Samuelson effect model arises from a project to confirm the result and explicate the cause within the neoclassical framework.

Balassa–Samuelson effect
The Balassa–Samuelson effect, also known as Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect (Kravis and Lipsey 1983), the Ricardo–Viner–Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson–Penn–Bhagwati effect (Samuelson 1994, p. 201), or productivity biased purchasing power parity (PPP) (Officer 1976) is the tendency for consumer prices to be systematically higher in more developed countries than in less developed countries. This observation about the systematic differences in consumer prices is called the "Penn effect".  The Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis is the proposition that this can be explained by the greater variation in productivity between developed and less developed countries in the traded goods' sectors which in turn affects wages and prices in the non-tradable goods sectors.

Béla Balassa and Paul Samuelson independently proposed the causal mechanism for the Penn effect in the early 1960s.
Plumtree–Bulawayo–Harare–Mutare Highway
The Plumtree-Bulawayo-Harare-Mutare Highway is a cross country international standard highway in Zimbabwe. It connects Mutare with Plumtree via Harare and Bulawayo. It is formed by two routes, namely the R5 Road (Mutare - Harare) and the R2 Road (Harare - Plumtree).

It is the most convenient route for transit motorists travelling between the Machipanda Border Post with Mozambique and the Plumtree Border Post with Botswana.

R2 road (Zimbabwe)
The R2 Road is an international road in Zimbabwe that runs from Harare (Capital of Zimbabwe), through Bulawayo, to Plumtree border post.

It is a combination of the A5 Highway which is the Harare-Bulawayo Highway and the A7 Highway which is the Bulawayo-Plumtree Highway.  For the purpose of regional identity the highway from Botswana to Harare the capital city of Zimbabwe is named Road 2 (R2).

Source: [Map 9.2 Road Transport Network of Zimbabwe.]

In Harare the road can be picked at the Harare Show Grounds as Samora Machel Avenue. 17°49′46″S 31°01′59″E﻿ / ﻿17.829466°S 31.032936°E﻿ / -17.829466; 31.032936﻿ (R2 Road Harare Showground) 
and in Plumtree, Zimbabwe it can be picked at the Border Post or in town at the railway station.  20°29′24″S 27°48′23″E﻿ / ﻿20.48994°S 27.806433°E﻿ / -20.48994; 27.806433﻿ (R2 Road Plumtree town)
George Payne (actor)
George Payne (born February 7, 1944) is an American actor and retired pornographic film actor. He found early success as a swimsuit model and was featured in Physique Pictorial. Payne began work in the adult film industry in The Back Row in 1973 opposite actor Casey Donovan. He was featured on the cover of the LGBT magazine The Advocate the same year. He later starred with Jack Wrangler in Navy Blue in 1979, and in Centurians of Rome in 1981. Payne later transitioned to straight roles in the adult industry; his work is considered part of the Golden Age of Porn. He was inducted into the X-Rated Critics Organization Hall of Fame in 1999.

Casey Donovan (actor)
John Calvin Culver (November 2, 1943 – August 10, 1987), better known under his stage name Casey Donovan, was an American male pornographic film actor from the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, appearing primarily in adult films and videos catering to gay male audiences, during the Golden Age of Porn. Following a brief career as a Latin teacher and a stint as a highly-paid male model, Donovan appeared in Boys in the Sand (1971), the film that would cement his status as a gay icon. Attempts to build on his notoriety to achieve mainstream crossover success failed, but Donovan continued to be a bankable star in the adult industry for the next 15 years. He was briefly a mainstream actor, who appeared on stage, as well as a theatre producer and manager, and appeared as himself in TV series The Emerald City.
Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet
Admiral Sir Richard Hussey Bickerton, 2nd Baronet, KCB (11 October 1759 – 9 February 1832), was a British Royal Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War, the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, and the French Revolutionary Wars, ultimately rising to the rank of full admiral. He held senior commands, including First Sea Lord and Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth. The son of Vice admiral Sir Richard Bickerton, 1st Baronet, he began his naval career in 1774, saw action in the West Indies and the Mediterranean, later served as a Lord of the Admiralty, and concluded his service at Portsmouth in 1812.

Sir Richard Bickerton, 1st Baronet
Rear-Admiral Sir Richard Bickerton, 1st Baronet (23 June 1727 – 25 February 1792) was a British naval officer who finished his career as a rear admiral in the Royal Navy and was ennobled as the first Baronet Bickerton of Upwood. He served in several naval engagements, and died Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth in 1792. His son Richard Hussey Bickerton, who likewise rose to flag rank in the Royal Navy, succeeded to the baronetcy following his death.
Zeb V. Walser
Zeb Vance Walser (June 17, 1866 – February 17, 1940) was a North Carolina attorney and politician. Named for Governor Zebulon B. Vance, Walser nevertheless became active in the Republican Party rather than Vance's Democrats. He served in the North Carolina House of Representatives including as Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He also served as Attorney General of North Carolina.

North Carolina Attorney General
The attorney general of North Carolina is a statewide elected office in the U.S. state of North Carolina. The attorney general is a constitutional officer responsible for representing state agencies in legal matters, supplying other state officials and prosecutors with legal advice, and leading the North Carolina Department of Justice. The incumbent attorney general, Jeff Jackson, assumed office on January 1, 2025. The position of attorney general dates back to North Carolina's colonial history. North Carolina's 1776 constitution established the office as an official appointed by the North Carolina General Assembly. The state's 1868 constitution made the attorney general an elected executive official with their duties prescribed by law. Since 1971, the officer has sat on the North Carolina Council of State.
Steigerwald Nature Park
On 8 March 1988 the Bavarian State Ministry for State Development and the Environment designated an area of 1,280 square kilometres (490 sq mi) in the Steigerwald in North Bavaria, Germany, as the Steigerwald Nature Park (German: Naturpark Steigerwald). About half the area consists of protected landscapes. The nature park is run by the Steigerwald Tourist Association and Steigerwald Nature Park (Tourismusverband Steigerwald und Naturpark Steigerwald e.V.).

The landscape is characterised by deciduous and pine forests, ponds and vineyards.

Steigerwald
The Steigerwald (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaɪɡɐvalt]) is a hill region up to 498.5 m above sea level (NHN) in the Bavarian-Franconian part of the South German Scarplands between Würzburg and Nuremberg. It is part of the Keuper Uplands, and within it, it is continued to the north-northeast and right of the river Main, by the Haßberge, and to the south-southwest by the Franconian Heights. Part of the region is a designated as the Steigerwald Nature Park.
Asim Malik
Muhammad Asim Malik, HI(M) is a Pakistani three-star general and the current Director-General of Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI), a position he has held since 30 September 2024. He is the first PhD holder to be appointed Director-General of the ISI. He is also first ISI chief to be appointed as the 10th National Security Adviser to the Prime Minister of Pakistan since 30 April 2025.

Director-General of Inter-Services Intelligence
The Director-General (DG) is head of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan's premier intelligence service, operationally responsible for providing critical national security and intelligence assessment to the government of Pakistan. Brigadier Syed Shahid Hamid had conceived the idea of ISI and became its first director-general.

The current DG of ISI is Lt. General Asim Malik since 30 September 2024.
Alvito Nunes
Alvito Nunes or Aloyto Núñez (died 1015) was an 11th-century Count of Portugal. Following the death of Menendo González in 1008, he governed the county jointly with Toda, count Menendo's widow.

Alvito Nunes was killed by Vikings during a bloody assault on Vermoim Castle, located around Vila Nova de Famalicão.

He is believed to be descended from the first family Portuguese counts, that of Vímara Peres, through one Nuno Alvites (or Aloytez), probable grandson of Lucídio Vimaranes. He was followed in the county by his son Nuno Alvites who died in 1028.

Nuno Alvites
Nuno Alvites, also referred to as Nuno or Nuño Aloitiz (fl. 1017 – 1028), was a count of Portugal, a descendant of the first count, Vímara Peres as the son of Count Alvito Nunes and Gontina.

His presence is recorded for the first time in 1017. He appears in 1025 confirming a donation made by King Alfonso V of León to Nuno's brother, Pedro Alvites and again in that same year in another charter in which he states that he succeeded his father Alvito. He ruled the county with his spouse Ilduara Mendes, daughter of earlier count Menendo González, until he was assassinated in 1028, the same year as the death of King Alfonso V. Ilduara continued to rule the county, with her son Mendo, who was still a child, as regent after her husband's death.
SteamWorld Build
SteamWorld Build is a city-building dungeon crawling video game developed by The Station and published by Thunderful Publishing. An installment in the SteamWorld series, the game was released for Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S in December 2023.

SteamWorld
SteamWorld is an anthology series of video games created by Image & Form. All games depict the adventures of a race of steam-driven robots in a post-apocalyptic steampunk world, with different genres for each game, ranging from action and strategy to role-playing and simulation.
Atlantic Beach, Florida
Atlantic Beach is a city in Duval County, Florida, United States and the second largest of the Jacksonville Beaches communities. When the majority of communities in Duval County consolidated with Jacksonville in 1968, Atlantic Beach, along with Jacksonville Beach, Neptune Beach, and Baldwin, remained quasi-independent. Like the other towns, it maintains its own municipal government, but its residents vote in the Jacksonville mayoral election and have representation on the Jacksonville city council. The population was 13,513 at the 2020 census, up from 12,655 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Jacksonville Beach, Florida
Jacksonville Beach is a coastal resort city in Duval County, Florida, United States. The population was 23,830 at the 2020 census. The city is part of a group of communities collectively referred to as the Jacksonville Beaches on the northern half of San Pablo Island. These communities include Mayport, Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Ponte Vedra Beach. When the city of Jacksonville consolidated with Duval County in 1968, Jacksonville Beach, together with Atlantic Beach, Neptune Beach, and Baldwin, voted to retain their own municipal governments. As a result, citizens of Jacksonville Beach are also eligible to vote in mayoral election for the City of Jacksonville. It is part of the Jacksonville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Walaphyllium
Walaphyllium is a genus of stick insect, belonging to the Phylliidae (leaf insects). It was initially described in 2020 as a subgenus of Phyllium, and is native to northeastern Australia and Papua New Guinea.

Phylliidae
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families.