hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
University of Limpopo
The University of Limpopo (Afrikaans: Universiteit van Limpopo) is a public university in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. It was formed on 1 January 2005, by merger of the University of the North and the Medical University of South Africa (MEDUNSA). These previous institutions formed the Turfloop and MEDUNSA campuses of the university, respectively. In 2015 the MEDUNSA campus split and became the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University.

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU; Afrikaans: Sefatho Makgatho Universiteit vir Gesondheidswetenskappe), formerly known as Medical University of South Africa (MEDUNSA), is a public medical university in Ga-Rankuwa, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Its current incarnation was formed on 1 January 2015. It is named after South African ANC leader Sefako Makgatho.
Martinez, California
Martinez (Spanish: Martínez) is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States, in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait, the city's population was 37,287 at the 2020 census. The city is named after Californio ranchero Ygnacio Martínez, having been founded on his Rancho El Pinole. Martinez is known for its historic center and its waterfront.

Rancho El Pinole
Rancho El Pinole was a 17,761-acre (71.88 km2) Mexican land grant along Carquinez Strait in present-day Contra Costa County, California.

It was given in 1842 by Governor Juan Alvarado to Ygnacio Martinez, a Californio military commander and politician.  Rancho El Pinole extended over land that today includes most of the Franklin Ridge and towns of Crockett, Hercules, Martinez, Oleum, Pinole, Rodeo, Selby and Tormey.
Corrective rape
Corrective rape, also called curative rape or homophobic rape, is a hate crime in which somebody is raped because of their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. The common intended consequence of the rape, as claimed by the perpetrator, is to turn the person heterosexual.

The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbian women such as Eudy Simelane (who was also murdered in the same attack) and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. Popularization of the term has raised awareness and encouraged LGBTQ+ people in countries across the world to come forward with their own stories of being raped as punishment for or in an attempt to change their sexual orientation or gender identity. Although some countries have laws protecting LGBTQ+ people, corrective rape is often overlooked.

Eudy Simelane
Eudy Simelane (11 March 1977 – 28 April 2008) was a South African footballer who played for the South African national team and was an LGBT rights activist. She was one of the first lesbian women to live openly in KwaThema, Springs, Gauteng. Because of this, she was murdered on April 28, 2008. Eudy Simelane died at the age of 31.
Miss Diva
The Miss Diva is a part of Femina Miss India pageant that primarily selects India's representatives to Miss Supranational pageant in Poland and Miss Cosmo International in Vietnam.

From 2013 to 2023, the primary winner of Miss Diva represented India at Miss Universe, one of the big Four international beauty pageants. However, in 2024, the organization withdrew its Miss Universe license. Miss Diva Universe 2023 Shweta Sharda, was the last representative sent to Miss Universe 2023 by the Miss Diva organization.

Femina Miss India
Miss India, also known as Femina Miss India, is a national beauty pageant in India that selects representatives to compete in the Miss World competition, one of the Big Four international beauty pageants. It is organized by Femina, a women's magazine published by The Times Group.

The current Femina Miss India World is Nikita Porwal from Madhya Pradesh. She was crowned by the previous titleholder, Nandini Gupta, on 16 October 2024 in Mumbai.
Sporting de Gijón (youth)
The Sporting de Gijón youth teams are integrated in the club's youth academy, developing players from childhood through to the integration of the best prospects into the adult teams.

The final category within the youth structure is the Juvenil A under-18/19 team which represents the club in the top national competition. The successful graduates then usually move to the club's reserve team, Sporting de Gijón B which is also considered part of the cantera due to being a stage in progression towards the senior team, albeit competing in the adult league system.

The academy is based at the club training complex, Escuela de Fútbol de Mareo, which is often the name used informally to refer to the system itself.

Escuela de Fútbol de Mareo
The Escuela de Fútbol de Mareo, officially Escuela de Fútbol Ángel Viejo Feliú, is the training ground and academy base of the Spanish football club Sporting de Gijón. It was officially opened in 1978 and used by the main team and the youth teams of the club. The designer was architect Miguel Díaz Negrete.

Covering an area of 112,000 m2 in the parish of Leorio, Gijón, it is used since 1978 for youth and senior teams trainings.
Marilyn Cotlow
Marilyn Rose Cotlow (January 10, 1924 – October 26, 2024) was an American lyric coloratura soprano best remembered for creating the role of Lucy in Gian Carlo Menotti's The Telephone in both the original Broadway and West End productions. She sang professionally during the 1940s and 1950s in the United States and Europe, performing with such companies as the Metropolitan Opera, Theater Bremen, Theater Basel, and the Wexford Festival Opera. After 1957, Cotlow mainly retired from performance to devote time to teaching voice and being a mother; although she continued to perform periodically in recitals, on the stage, and on disc up into the 1990s. She has taught vocal music on the faculties of the Peabody Conservatory, the University of Michigan, and Catholic University of America in addition to teaching privately from her home in Northern Virginia. Several of her students have had successful careers, including Alessandra Marc and Jennifer Wilson.

Alessandra Marc
Alessandra Marc, born Judith Borden (born July 29, 1957) is an American dramatic soprano who has appeared at many of the world's opera houses and orchestras. Marc is particularly known for her interpretations of the works of Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner, Giuseppe Verdi, music of the Second Viennese School, and the title role in Puccini's Turandot.
Kingdom of Jaén
The Kingdom of Jaén (Spanish: reino de Jaén) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1246 and until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" ("reino") in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Known also as the "Santo Reino" ("Holy Kingdom"), its territory coincided roughly with the present-day province of Jaén. Jaén was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750–54), which was part of the documentation of a census.

Like the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Jaén was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.

Map of the Kingdom of Jaén, based on the Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada (1750–54)

The Four Kingdoms of Andalusia

Four Kingdoms of Andalusia
The Four Kingdoms of Andalusia (Spanish: cuatro reinos de Andalucía or, in 18th-century orthography, quatro reynos del Andaluzia) was a collective name designating the four kingdoms of the Crown of Castile located in the southern Iberian Peninsula, south of the Sierra Morena. These kingdoms were annexed from other states by the Kingdoms of Castille during the Reconquista: the Kingdom of Córdoba was conquered in 1236, the Kingdom of Jaén in 1246, the Kingdom of Seville in 1248 and the Kingdom of Granada in 1492.

The name was used in some contexts at least since the middle of the 18th century. Some works and documents that use the designation are the Juzgados militares de España y sus Indias (1792), the Prontuario de las leyes y decretos del Rey nuestro Señor Don José Napoleon I (1810), and Breves tratados de esfera y geografía universal (1833), among many others.
Jamel Holley
Jamel Curtis Holley (born September 13, 1979) is an American Democratic Party politician from the state of New Jersey, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 20th Legislative District from 2015 to 2022. He is the first African American to represent the district, serving out the unexpired term of former Assemblyman and now State Senator Joseph Cryan, and formerly served as councilman and then mayor of Roselle, New Jersey; at age 32, he was the borough's youngest-ever mayor. In 2021, Holley unsuccessfully challenged Cryan in the June 2021 New Jersey State Senate primary, losing by 29 points. Two years later, Holley attempted a comeback and unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Mayor Donald Shaw in the Roselle Mayoral Democratic primary and lost by 2 points.

Joseph Cryan
Joseph P. Cryan (born September 1, 1961) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served in the New Jersey Senate since 2018, representing the 20th Legislative District. He previously served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2002 to 2015, where he also represented the 20th Legislative District.
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (North Yorkshire), Rosemoor (Devon) and Bridgewater (Greater Manchester); flower shows including the Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show, Tatton Park Flower Show and Cardiff Flower Show; community gardening schemes; Britain in Bloom and a vast educational programme. It also supports training for professional and amateur gardeners. As of 2023 the president was Keith Weed and the director general was Clare Matterson CBE.

RHS Garden Harlow Carr
RHS Garden Harlow Carr is one of five public gardens run by the Royal Horticultural Society. It is located on the western edge of Harrogate in the English county of North Yorkshire.

The RHS acquired Harlow Carr through its merger with the Northern Horticultural Society in 2001. It had been the Northern Horticultural Society's trial ground and display garden since they bought it in 1946.
Franklin County, Kentucky
Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 51,541, making it the second-least populous capital county in the United States after Hughes County, South Dakota. Its county seat is Frankfort, the state capital. The county was formed in 1795 from parts of Woodford, Mercer and Shelby counties, and was named after the American inventor and statesman Benjamin Franklin.
Franklin County is part of the Frankfort, Kentucky Micropolitan Statistical Area. It shares a name with Franklin County in Ohio, where Columbus is located. This makes it one of two pairs of capital cities in counties of the same name, along with Marion Counties in Oregon and Indiana.

Woodford County, Kentucky
Woodford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 26,871. Its county seat is Versailles. The area was home to Pisgah Academy. Woodford County is part of the Lexington-Fayette, KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the center of the Bluegrass region of Kentucky.
Jawa Moto
JAWA (Czech pronunciation: [java]) is a motorcycle and moped manufacturer founded in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1929 by František Janeček, who bought the motorcycle division of Wanderer. The name JAWA was established by concatenating the first letters of Janeček and Wanderer. In the past, especially in the 1950s, JAWA was one of the top motorcycle manufacturers and exported its 350 model to over 120 countries. The best known model was the 350 Pérák, and in the 1970s the 350 Californian. It appeared in typical black and red coloring from the US to New Zealand. After 1990 a significant loss of production occurred. A successor company was formed in 1997 in Týnec nad Sázavou, continuing the name as JAWA Moto.

In the Indian market the brand JAWA Motorcycles was resurrected in December 2018 by Classic Legends, which is owned by Mahindra & Mahindra, through a licensing deal with the original Czech company JAWA Moto.

Ideal Jawa
Ideal Jawa (India) Ltd was an Indian motorcycle company based in Mysore, which sold licensed Jawa motorcycles beginning in 1960 under the brand name Jawa and from 1973 as Yezdi. Jawa motorcycles were introduced in India in 1960 and they have a cult following to this present day. Production was carried out directly in India by Ideal Jawa India Ltd based out of Mysore. The Yezdi factory was located at Yadavagiri along the railway line which heads to  Mysore Junction. The factory was inaugurated by the then Governor of Mysore State, Sri Jayachamaraja Wadiyar, Maharaja of Mysore in 1961.

The company stopped production in 1996.

In January 2022, the brand was relaunched in India as Jawa Motorcycles by Mahindra & Mahindra through their Classic Legends subsidiary, through a licensing deal with the original Czech company JAWA Moto. Three models were introduced, the Roadster, Scrambler and Adventure. Yezdi motorcycles will be sold alongside Jawa motorcycles in India.
Al Bateen Executive Airport
Al Bateen Executive Airport (Arabic: مطار البطين, IATA: AZI, ICAO: OMAD) is a dedicated business jet international airport located 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) south-east of the city centre of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The airport is on the Abu Dhabi island. Other tenants include aviation assets of the UAE government.  It opened in 1970, as Abu Dhabi International Airport (not to be confused with the current Zayed International Airport, also formerly called Abu Dhabi International Airport) to replace the city's previous airport.

Zayed International Airport
Zayed International Airport (Arabic: مطار زايد الدولي; IATA: AUH, ICAO: OMAA), also known as Abu Dhabi International Airport, is the primary international airport serving Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is the second busiest airport in the UAE after Dubai International Airport, one of the busiest airports in the Middle East and is the hub for Etihad Airways as well as an operating base for Air Arabia Abu Dhabi.

The airport is located 16.5 nautical miles (30.6 km; 19.0 mi) east of Abu Dhabi, and covers an area of 15,000 acres (6,000 ha). The airport is served by 24 airlines which fly to 128 destinations. The airport was renamed to Zayed International Airport on 9 February 2024 after Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the UAE's founding father and first President.
Ian Akin
Ian Akin (born July 28, 1959, in California) is a comic book artist, known primarily for inking. Along with his inking partner, Brian Garvey, Akin worked on many superhero comics (mostly for Marvel Comics) from 1982 to 1988.

Brian Garvey (comics)
Brian Garvey (born September 18, 1961) is a comic book artist, known primarily for inking. Along with his inking partner, Ian Akin, Garvey worked on many superhero comics (mostly for Marvel Comics) from 1982–1988.
Explorer S-45 (satellite)
Explorer S-45 was a NASA satellite, which was lost in a launch failure in February 1961. The satellite was intended to operate in a highly elliptical orbit, from which it was to have provided data on the shape of the ionosphere, and on the Earth's magnetic field. It was part of the Explorer program, and would have been designated Explorer 10 had it reached orbit. A second identical satellite, Explorer S-45A, also failed to achieve orbit when it was launched.

Explorer S-45A (satellite)
Explorer S-45A was a NASA satellite, which was lost in a launch failure in 1961. The satellite was intended to operate in a highly elliptical orbit, from which it was to have provided data on the shape of the ionosphere, and on the Earth's magnetic field. It was part of the Explorer program and would have been designated Explorer 12 had it reached orbit. It was the second of two identical satellites to be launched; the first, Explorer S-45, had also been lost in a launch failure, earlier in the year.
Judiciary of Sri Lanka
The Judiciary of Sri Lanka are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in Sri Lanka. The Constitution of Sri Lanka defines courts as independent institutions within the traditional framework of checks and balances. They apply Sri Lankan Law which is an amalgam of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law and Customary Law; and are established under the Judicature Act No 02 of 1978 of the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

The judiciary consist of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court, district court (Sri Lanka)s, magistrate's court (Sri Lanka)s, and primary courts. Although provisions are there for trials for serious offences to be held before a jury, at present all cases are heard before professional judges.

Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka
The Court of Appeal of Sri Lanka, commonly known as the Appeal Court, is the second most senior court in the Sri Lankan legal system, with only the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka above it. Established in 1971, under the Court of Appeal Act No. 44 of 1971, the Appeal Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court or any lower court; its own decisions may be additionally appealed to the Supreme Court. The Appeal Court is headed by the president of the Court of Appeal.
Olofström Municipality
Olofström Municipality (Swedish: Olofströms kommun) is the only landlocked municipality in Blekinge County, South Sweden. It borders to Osby Municipality, Kristianstad Municipality, Bromölla Municipality, Sölvesborg Municipality, Karlshamn Municipality, Tingsryd Municipality, and Älmhult Municipality. The town of Olofström is the seat of the municipality.

The amalgamation of the former units in this area took place in 1967 when the market town Olofström (itself detached from Jämshög in 1941) was merged with Kyrkhult and Jämshög.

Notable person that Olofström counts as theirs is Nobel Prize winning author Harry Martinson (1904-1978; prize in 1974) who was born in Jämshög within the municipality.

Sölvesborg Municipality
Sölvesborg Municipality (Swedish: Sölvesborgs kommun) is a municipality in Blekinge County in South Sweden in southern Sweden. It borders to Bromölla Municipality, Olofström Municipality and Karlshamn Municipality. The town Sölvesborg is the seat of the municipality.

The present municipality was formed in 1971 when the City of Sölvesborg was amalgamated with the rural municipalities Gammalstorp and Mjällby.
Meandrusa
Meandrusa is a genus of swallowtail butterflies within  Papilioninae family. They are native to countries in South and Southeast Asia, mostly found in habitats with forests or mountains that have a lot of vegetation. Meandrusa are recognized by their unique shapes and colors. Their wings are unique as they are long and narrow at the bottom, giving them the appearance of having a tail that resembles a hook or a sickle. Meandrusa are usually recognized by their colors as well, they usually range between gold/yellow, and brown colors that help them survive by blending with the environment around them. Throughout Southeast and South Asia, 4 different species of Meandrusa are found. The Meandrusa Gyas, Meandrusa Lachinus,Meandrusa Sciron, and the Meandrusa Payeni.

Meandrusa payeni
Meandrusa payeni, the yellow gorgon, is a species of swallowtail found in parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the hooked swallowtails genus, Meandrusa, of the family Papilionidae.  It is also called the outlet sword or the sickle.
Eight Below
Eight Below, originally titled Antarctica: The Journey Home, is a 2006 American survival drama film, a remake based on the 1983 Japanese film Antarctica by Toshirô Ishidô, Koreyoshi Kurahara, Tatsuo Nogami, and Susumu Saji. It was produced by Patrick Crowley and David Hoberman, directed by Frank Marshall, and written by David DiGilio, with music by Mark Isham. It stars Paul Walker in the leading role. It also stars Bruce Greenwood, Moon Bloodgood, and Jason Biggs.

It was released theatrically on February 17, 2006, by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution in the United States. The film is set in Antarctica but was filmed in Svalbard, Norway; Greenland; and British Columbia, Canada. It tells the story of a guide at an Antarctic research base who risks his life and the lives of his colleagues to save his dogs. The film received positive reviews from critics and earned $120.5 million on a $40 million budget.

Antarctica (1983 film)
Antarctica (南極物語, Nankyoku Monogatari; lit. "South Pole Story") is a 1983 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara and starring Ken Takakura. Its plot centers on the 1958 ill-fated Japanese scientific expedition to the South Pole, its dramatic rescue from the severe weather conditions on the return journey, the relationship between the scientists and their loyal and hard-working Sakhalin huskies, particularly the lead dogs Taro and Jiro, and the fates of the 15 dogs left behind to fend for themselves.

The film was a big cinema hit globally, but particularly in Japan, where it held the box office record for Japanese-produced films, until it was eventually surpassed by Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke in 1997.

The original electronic synthesizer score was created by Greek composer Vangelis, who had recently written music for Chariots of Fire and Blade Runner. The soundtrack is available worldwide in various formats as Antarctica.
Kōzuki, Hyōgo
Kōzuki (上月町, Kōzuki-chō) was a town located in Sayō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,387 and a density of 58.76 persons per km2. The total area was 91.68 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Kōzuki, along with the towns of Mikazuki and Nankō (all from Sayō District), was merged into the expanded town of Sayō.

Sayō, Hyōgo
Sayō (佐用町, Sayō-chō) is a town located in Sayō District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2022, the town had an estimated population of 15,701 in 6797 households and a population density of 51 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 307.44 square kilometres (118.70 sq mi).
Lucius Porcius Cato
Lucius Porcius Cato was a Roman general and politician who became consul in 89 BC alongside Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo. He died at the Battle of Fucine Lake, possibly at the hands of Gaius Marius the Younger.

Gaius Marius (consul 82 BC)
Gaius Marius "the Younger" (c. 110 BC – 82 BC) was a Roman republican general and politician who became consul in 82 BC with Gnaeus Papirius Carbo. He was the son of the Gaius Marius who was the victor of the Jugurthine and Cimbric wars. He fought in Sulla's civil war. He committed suicide that same year at Praeneste, after his defeat by Sulla and during the city's capture by Quintus Lucretius Afella.