hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Benjamin Epstein (statistician)
Benjamin Epstein (March 5, 1918 – December 22, 2004) was an Israeli-American statistician and a pioneer in statistical theory of reliability. He and Milton Sobel are credited with introducing the statistical framework for life testing while working together at Wayne State University as faculty members during the 1950s.

Milton Sobel
Milton Sobel (August 30, 1919 – December 31, 2002) was an American mathematician and statistician professor emeritus of statistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He made notable contributions in the areas of decision theory, sequential analysis, selection and ranking, reliability analysis, combinatorial problems, and Dirichlet processes. Of particular note are his contributions in selection and ranking, a series of work on sequential analysis and reliability along with Benjamin Epstein.

He obtained his B.A. in mathematics (1940) from the City College of New York, M.A. in mathematics (1946) and Ph.D.  in mathematical statistics (advisor: Abraham Wald, 1951) from Columbia University.

During 1960-1975 he was Professor of Statistics at the University of Minnesota.
Sunset League
The Sunset League was a minor league baseball circuit that operated from 1947 through 1950.

The Sunset League was a Class C level league, with franchises based in the United States and Mexico. The league expanded from six to eight teams from 1949 to 1950. There was a previous league called the "Sunset League" that briefly played in Texas in the 1902 season.

For the 1951 season, the circuit merged with the Arizona–Texas League to form the Southwest International League.

Southwest International League
The Southwest International League was a minor league baseball league that operated from 1951 through 1952.  The league was formed through the merger of the Sunset League and Arizona–Texas League in 1951. The league hosted franchises based in Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada and Texas.
Stirling radioisotope generator
A Stirling radioisotope generator (SRG) is a type of radioisotope generator based on a Stirling engine powered by a large radioisotope heater unit. The hot end of the Stirling converter reaches high temperature and heated helium drives the piston, with heat being rejected at the cold end of the engine. A generator or alternator converts the motion into electricity. Given the very constrained supply of plutonium, the Stirling converter is notable for producing about four times as much electric power from the plutonium fuel as compared to a radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG).

The Stirling generators were extensively tested on Earth by NASA, but their development was cancelled in 2013 before they could be deployed on actual spacecraft missions. A similar NASA project still under development, called Kilopower, also utilizes Stirling engines, but uses a small uranium fission reactor as the heat source.

Radioisotope heater unit
A radioisotope heater unit (RHU) is a small device that provides heat through radioactive decay. They are similar to tiny radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) and normally provide about one watt of heat each, derived from the decay of a few grams of plutonium-238—although other radioactive isotopes could be used. The heat produced by these RHUs is given off continuously for several decades and, theoretically, for up to a century or more.

In spacecraft, RHUs are used to keep other components at their operational temperatures, which may be very different to the temperature of other parts of the spacecraft. In the vacuum of space any part of the spacecraft which doesn't receive direct sunlight will cool down so much that electronics or delicate scientific instruments break down. They are simpler and more reliable than other ways of keeping components warm, such as electric heaters.
Poley, Germany
Poley (German pronunciation: [ˈpoːlaɪ]) is a village and a former municipality in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it has  been part of the town of Bernburg.

Bernburg
Bernburg (Saale) (German pronunciation: [ˈbɛʁnˌbʊʁk] ⓘ) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, capital of the Salzlandkreis district. The former residence of the Anhalt-Bernburg princes is known for its Renaissance castle.
Louis Comfort Tiffany
Louis Comfort Tiffany (February 18, 1848 – January 17, 1933) was an American artist and designer who worked in the decorative arts and is best known for his work in art glass, especially stained glass and Favrile glass. He is associated with the art nouveau and aesthetic art movements. He was affiliated with a prestigious collaborative of designers known as the Associated Artists, which included Lockwood de Forest, Candace Wheeler, and Samuel Colman. Tiffany designed stained glass windows and lamps, glass mosaics, blown glass such as vases, ceramics, jewelry, enamels, and metalwork. Glass work by Tiffany Studios is known as Tiffany glass. He was the first design director at his family company, Tiffany & Co., founded by his father Charles Lewis Tiffany.

Lockwood de Forest
Lockwood de Forest (June 8, 1850 – April 3, 1932) was an American painter, interior designer and furniture designer. A key figure in the Aesthetic Movement, he introduced the East Indian craft revival to Gilded Age America.

As a young man, de Forest first worked as a painter, taking the lessons of his Hudson River School contemporaries. In 1879, de Forest began his career in the decorative arts working at Associated Artists along with Louis Comfort Tiffany, before starting his own decorating business that he ran for thirty years. Upon his retirement, de Forest moved to Santa Barbara where he returned to his love of painting while still taking design commissions from local patrons.
Cub Scouts (Australia)
Cub Scouts is the section of Scouts Australia for boys and girls aged 8 to 11 (inclusive), often known simply as 'Cubs'. The Cub Scout section follows after Joey Scouts and is before Scouts. Cub Scouts wear a uniform shirt with navy blue panels, and yellow shoulders.

The motto is "Create the Path".

Joey Scouts
Joeys is a training program for boys and girls aged 5 to 7 (inclusive) operated by The Scout Association of Australia. It is its youngest age training program and for those younger than Cubs. Joeys wear a uniform shirt with navy blue panels and tawny shoulders. Its motto is now "Discover Adventure".
Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
The Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) is a Presbyterian denomination. It consists of five synods: one in Zambia (Zambia Synod), one in Zimbabwe (Harare Synod) and three in Malawi – Livingstonia Synod in the north of the country, Nkhoma Synod in the centre, and Blantyre Synod in the south.

The CCAP is the largest Protestant denomination in Malawi.

Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Harare Synod
The Church of Central Africa Presbyterian – Harare Synod was founded in 1965 by immigrant workers from Malawi in search of employment in mining and farming areas in Zimbabwe. Ministers came from Malawi and South Africa. Worships are in English, Shona, Chewa and Ndebele. The Harare Synod is part of the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian. It also has cordial relationship with other Reformed churches.

It has 25 parishes with approximately 10,000 members in four presbyteries. The churches met every two years as a Synod.
Francis Marion McDowell
Francis Marion McDowell (June 12, 1831 – March 22, 1894) was an American banker and farmer and a co-founder of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry,  a fraternal organization in the United States.

National Grange
The National Grange, also known as The Grange and officially named The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture. The Grange, founded after the Civil War in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural advocacy group with a national scope. The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the Granger Laws to lower rates charged by railroads, and rural free mail delivery by the Post Office.

In 2025, the Grange had a membership of 140,000, with organizations in 1,400 communities. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges continue to serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
Newmarket railway station, Auckland
Newmarket railway station is a station in the inner-city suburb of Newmarket in Auckland, New Zealand. It serves the Southern, Onehunga and Western Lines of the Auckland railway network, and is the second-busiest station in Auckland, after Britomart.

The station was opened on 20 December 1873. It was completely rebuilt between 2008 and 2010 and now consists of two island platforms serving three tracks with a concourse above the southern end of the station. The redeveloped station opened on 14 January 2010.

Western Line (Auckland)
The Western Line in Auckland, New Zealand, is the name given to suburban train services that operate between Waitematā and Swanson via Newmarket. Services are operated by Auckland One Rail under the Auckland Transport brand.
Dardania (Roman province)
Dardania (/dɑːrˈdeɪniə/; Latin: Dardania; Ancient Greek: Δαρδανία) in the Central Balkans, initially an unofficial region in Moesia (87–284), and then a province administratively part of the Diocese of Moesia (293–337). It was named after the tribe of the Dardani who inhabited the region in classical antiquity before the Roman conquest. During the late Imperial period the Dardanian territory was the homeland of many Roman emperors, notably Constantine the Great and Justinian I.

Moesia
Moesia (/ˈmiːʃə, -siə, -ʒə/; Latin: Moesia; Greek: Μοισία, romanized: Moisía) was a Roman province situated in the Haemus  Peninsula, south of the Danube River. Created after the Danubian-Hæmus conquest during the reign of Augustus, Moesia included most of the territory of modern eastern Serbia, Kosovo, north-eastern Albania, northern parts of North Macedonia (Moesia Superior), Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobruja and small parts of Southern Ukraine (Moesia Inferior).
Jean du Bellay
Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, a member of the Conseil privé (privy council) of King Francis I from 1530, and bishop of Paris from 1532. He became Bishop of Ostia and Dean of the College of Cardinals in 1555.

Archdiocese of Paris
The Archdiocese of Paris (Latin: Archidioecesis Parisiensis; French: Archidiocèse de Paris) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. It is one of twenty-three archdioceses in France. The original diocese is traditionally thought to have been created in the 3rd century by St. Denis and corresponded with the Civitas Parisiorum; it was elevated to an archdiocese on October 20, 1622. Before that date the bishops were suffragan to the archbishops of Sens.
Kerak Inscription
The Kerak Inscription, also known as the Kemoshyat inscription, was discovered in 1958 in Jordan, near Wadi el-Kerak. It is a basalt inscription fragment measuring 12.5 centimeters (4.9 in) high by 14 centimeters (5.5 in) wide. The inscription has been dated to the late ninth century BC. The inscription is known as KAI 306.

The fragment shows a belt, a pleated skirt, and a navel; along the mid-line of the fragment are three lines of Canaanite inscription.

The artifact is also known as the El-Kerak / Al-Karak / Karak Inscription.

Al-Karak
Al-Karak (Arabic: الكرك), in English sources often simply Karak, is a city in Jordan known for its medieval castle, the Kerak Castle. The castle is one of the three largest castles in the region, the other two being in Syria. Al-Karak is the capital city of the Karak Governorate.

Al-Karak lies 140 kilometres (87 mi) to the south of Amman on the ancient King's Highway. It is situated on a hilltop about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level and is surrounded on three sides by a valley. Al-Karak has a view of the Dead Sea. A city of about 32,216 people (2005) was formed around castle. The town is built on a triangular plateau with the castle at its narrow southern tip.
March railway station
March railway station is a railway station on the Ely–Peterborough line in the east of England and serves the market town of March, Cambridgeshire, England. It is 85 miles 76 chains (138.3 km) measured from London Liverpool Street via Ely and is situated between Manea and Whittlesea stations.

March, Cambridgeshire
March is a Fenland market town and civil parish in the Isle of Ely area of Cambridgeshire, England. It was the county town of the Isle of Ely which was a separate administrative county from 1889 to 1965. The administrative centre of Fenland District Council is located in the town.

The town grew by becoming an important railway centre. Like many Fenland towns, March was once an island surrounded by marshes. It occupied the second largest "island" in the Great Level. As the land was drained, the town grew and prospered as a trading and religious centre. It was also a minor port before becoming, in more recent times, a market town and an administrative and railway centre. March is situated on the banks of the navigable old course of the River Nene, today mainly used by pleasure boats.
Spain men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
This article lists various water polo records and statistics in relation to the Spain men's national water polo team at the Summer Olympics.

The Spain men's national water polo team has participated in 18 of 27 official men's water polo tournaments.

Spain men's national water polo team
The Spain men's national water polo team (Spanish: Selección Española de Waterpolo) represents Spain in men's international water polo competitions and it is controlled by Real Federación Española de Natación.

Spain got the «Triple Crown», they are Olympic (1996), World (1998, 2001, 2022, 2025) and European (2024) champions. They also have won medals in the main international competitions: two Olympic, eleven World Championships, eight European Championships, seven World Cup and five World League medals, making them one of the most successful men's water polo teams in the world.
Nene Valley Railway
The Nene Valley Railway (NVR) is a preserved railway in Cambridgeshire, England, running between Peterborough Nene Valley and Yarwell Junction.  The line is 7+1⁄2 miles (12.1 km) in length. There are stations at each terminus, and three stops en route: Orton Mere, Overton and Wansford.

Peterborough Nene Valley railway station
Peterborough Nene Valley is a station on the Nene Valley Railway and is the current eastern terminus of the line. Situated adjacent to Railworld, the station can be found west of the East Coast Main Line, close to the Junction of London Road and Oundle Road.

The station was built in 1986 as part of the Nene Valley Railway's Peterborough extension. The station is built on its current site because the NVR could not access the original Peterborough East station site. The now demolished Peterborough East can be located by the extant railway sheds and platform face close to the (now demolished) Matalan store located on East Station Road off London Road.
Sunshine Superman (album)
Sunshine Superman is the third studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in the United States on 26 August 1966, but was not released in the UK because of a contractual dispute. In June 1967, a compilation of tracks from this album and the follow-up Mellow Yellow was released as Sunshine Superman in the UK.

The album featured Donovan's titular hit single, which was initially released in the US in July 1966. The album was Donovan's most successful, peaking at number 11 in the US and remaining on the Billboard Top LPs chart for six months. The 1967 UK edition peaked at number 25.

The tracks from Sunshine Superman and Mellow Yellow were not mixed into stereo, with the exception of the title track and "Season of the Witch" which appeared in that format on Donovan's Greatest Hits, until the 2011 2-CD deluxe edition issued by UK EMI.

Mellow Yellow (album)
Mellow Yellow is the fourth studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in the US in February 1967 (Epic Records LN 24239 (monaural) / BN 26239 (rechanneled stereo), but not released in the UK because of a continuing contractual dispute that also prevented Sunshine Superman from a UK release. In June 1967, a cross-section of both albums was released as Sunshine Superman (Pye Records NPL 18181) in the UK. "Mellow Yellow" was the name of Donovan's hit single released in America the previous October.
Nirsevimab
Nirsevimab, sold under the brand name Beyfortus, is a human recombinant monoclonal antibody with activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It is a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein‑directed fusion inhibitor that is designed to bind to the fusion protein on the surface of the RSV virus.

The most common side effects are rash, fever and injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling and pain where the injection is given).

It was developed by AstraZeneca and Sanofi. Nirsevimab was approved for medical use in both the European Union and the United Kingdom in November 2022, in Canada in April 2023, and in the United States in July 2023.

Respiratory syncytial virus F protein
Fusion glycoprotein F0 of the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a critical fusion glycoprotein that facilitates entry of the virus into host cells by mediating the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. This class I fusion protein is synthesized as an inactive precursor (F0), which undergoes cleavage to form two disulfide linked subunits, F1 and F2, that are essential for its fusion activity. The RSV F protein exists in two conformations: a metastable prefusion form and a stable postfusion form, with the prefusion form being a major target for neutralizing antibodies due to its role in viral entry. The structural transitions of the F protein during the fusion process are crucial for its function, making it a significant focus in the development of vaccines and antiviral therapies against RSV infections.
Museum Witt
The Museum Witt Munich (MWM) is a department of the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. The former independent museum was located in Munich, Germany, and had the world's leading collection of certain moths. The museum was closed in 2023. The entire collection was handed over to the Bavarian State Collection.

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (German: Zoologische Staatssammlung München) or ZSM is a major German research institution for zoological systematics in Munich. It has over 20 million zoological specimens. It is one of the largest natural history collections in the world. The sections are Entomology, Invertebrates and Vertebrates. The history of the museum is outlined on the museum's home page together with a biography of Johann Baptist von Spix the first curator of zoology.
Amos Lane
Amos Lane (March 1, 1778 – September 2, 1849) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. representative from Indiana from 1833 to 1837.
His youngest son, James Henry Lane, was a controversial figure during the Bleeding Kansas struggles prompted by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, as well as the commander of the Kansas Brigade effecting the emancipation of slaves in Missouri during the American Civil War.

Jim Lane (politician)
Brigadier-General James Henry Lane (June 22, 1814 – July 11, 1866) was an American politician and military officer who was a leader of the Jayhawkers in the Bleeding Kansas period that immediately preceded the American Civil War. During the war itself, Lane served in the United States Senate and as a general officer in the Union Army. Although reelected as a senator in 1865, Lane died by suicide the next year.
Wembley Point Woman
The Wembley Point Woman (c. 1964–1984 – 29 October 2004) is a placeholder name for an unidentified woman found dead in London, United Kingdom on 29 October 2004. The Wembley Point Woman was found in the River Brent at the foot of a high-rise building that was known at the time as Wembley Point. Her death was ruled a suicide. Despite repeated inquiries over two decades, the Wembley Point Woman remains unidentified.

Unidentified decedent
Unidentified decedent, or unidentified person (also abbreviated as UID or UP), is a corpse of a person whose identity cannot be established by police and medical examiners. In many cases, it is several years before the identities of some UIDs are found, while in some cases, they are never identified. A UID may remain unidentified due to lack of evidence as well as absence of personal identification such as a driver's license. Where the remains have deteriorated or been mutilated to the point that the body is not easily recognized, a UID's face may be reconstructed to show what they had looked like before death. UIDs are often referred to by the placeholder names "John Doe" or "Jane Doe".
Brother Brick
Brother Brick were an Australian punk rock band formed in Sydney in 1991. Led by future Leadfinger member Stewart Cunningham, the band released many 7" vinyl singles and 1 album in its time and contained members of many other successful Australian bands.

Leadfinger
Leadfinger (pronounced "Led-finger") is an Australian guitar rock band formed in Wollongong, New South Wales, in 2006 by Glasgow-born singer and guitarist Stewart "Leadfinger" Cunningham. The band has released six albums to date, with the most recent released in February 2022 through Golden Robot Records.
Turon (food)
Turón (Tagalog pronunciation: [tuˈɾɔn]; also known as lumpiang saging [Filipino for "banana lumpia"] or sagimis in dialectal Tagalog) is a Philippine snack made of thinly-sliced bananas (preferably saba or Cardaba bananas) rolled in a spring roll wrapper, fried till the wrapper is crisp, and coated with caramelized brown sugar. Turón can also include other fillings, the most common being jackfruit (langka), while other recipes include sweet potato (kamote), mango (mangga), or cheddar cheese and coconut (niyog).

Turón, though etymologically Spanish in origin, bears no similarities to the Spanish candy turrón (an almond nougat confection). It is a crunchy and chewy snack most commonly consumed during merienda or for dessert and is also a popular street food, usually sold with banana cue, camote cue, and maruya.

Camote cue
Camote cue or camotecue is a popular snack food in the Philippines made from camote (sweet potato).

Slices of camote are coated with brown sugar and then fried, to cook the potatoes and to caramelize the sugar. It is one of the most common street foods in the Philippines, along with bananacue and turon.

The term is a portmanteau of "camote" and "barbecue"; the latter in Philippine English refers to meat cooked in a style similar to kebabs.

Though served skewered on bamboo sticks, it is not cooked on the stick. The skewer is purely for easier handling as it is usually sold as street food.