hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Twelfth grade
Twelfth grade (also known as grade 12, senior year, standard 12, 12th standard, 12th class, class 12th, or class 12) is the final year of formal or compulsory education in many parts of the world. It is typically the last year of secondary school and K–12 education. Students in twelfth grade are generally 17–18 years old. While some countries have a thirteenth grade, others may not include a 12th grade/year in their educational system.

Educational stage
Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes nine levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) system (from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 8 (doctoral)). UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages. Some countries divide levels of study into grades or forms for school children in the same year.
Westport House
Westport House in Westport, County Mayo, Ireland, is a Georgian country house, historically the family seat of the Marquess of Sligo and the Brownes. The house was designed by the architect Richard Cassels with later additions by Thomas Ivory and James Wyatt.

The title and the house were separated in 2014, following the death of Jeremy Browne, 11th Marquess of Sligo, who left the estate to his five daughters. His titles passed to his first cousin, Sebastian Ulick Browne, a residential estate agent in Australia.

In 2017, the house was purchased by the Hughes family, owners of Portwest.

Marquess of Sligo
Marquess of Sligo is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1800 for John Browne, 3rd Earl of Altamont. The Marquess holds the subsidiary titles of Baron Mount Eagle, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 10 September 1760),  Viscount Westport, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 24 August 1768), Earl of Altamont, in the County of Mayo (created 4 December 1771), Earl of Clanricarde (created 1800) and Baron Monteagle, of Westport in the County of Mayo (created 20 February 1806). All these titles are in the Peerage of Ireland, except the Barony of Monteagle, which is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The latter peerage entitled the Marquesses to a seat in the House of Lords prior to the House of Lords Act 1999. The Earldom of Clanricarde was inherited by the sixth Marquess in 1916 according to a special remainder in the letters patent.
Alan D'Ardis Erskine-Murray, 14th Lord Elibank
Alan D'Ardis Erskine-Murray, 14th Lord Elibank (31 December 1923 – 30 November 2017) was a Scottish nobleman and a descendant of Patrick Murray, 1st Lord Elibank of the Lords Elibank of Ettrick Forest in the County of Selkirk.

Lord Elibank
Lord Elibank, of Ettrick Forest in the County of Selkirk, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1643 for Sir Patrick Murray, 1st Baronet, with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever. He had already been created a Baronet, of Elibank, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1628.
Tepe Gawra
Tepe Gawra (also Tepe Gaura) is an ancient Mesopotamian settlement 24 km (15 mi) NNE of Mosul in northwest Iraq that was occupied between 5000 and 1500 BC. It is roughly a mile from the site of Nineveh and 2 miles E of the site of Khorsabad. It contains remains from the Halaf period, the Ubaid period, and the Uruk period (4000–3100 BC). Tepe Gawra contains material relating to the Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period c. 5,500–5,000 BC.

Tell Arpachiyah is a contemporary Neolithic site nearby. At Yarim Tepe, located about 70 km (43 mi) to the west of Gawra, the uppermost levels of the Halaf cultural deposits are analogous to the Arpachiyah levels TT-6 to TT-8, and Tepe Gawra levels XVIII-XX.

Tell Arpachiyah
Tell Arpachiyah (outside modern Mosul in Ninawa Governorate Iraq) is a prehistoric archaeological site in Nineveh Province (Iraq). It takes its name from a more recent village located about 4 miles (6.4 km) from Nineveh. The local name of the mound on which the site is located is Tepe Reshwa.

Tepe Gawra is also a contemporary Neolithic site located in the Mosul region.
Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)
Koidanov (Yiddish: קאידנאוו) is a Hasidic dynasty originating from the city of Dzyarzhynsk (Koidanov), Belarus, where it was founded by Rabbi Shlomo Chaim Perlow (1797–1862) in 1833. Koidanov is a branch of both Lechovitch Hasidism and Karlin-Stolin Hasidism as Rabbi Shlomo Chaim Perlow was the paternal grandson of Rabbi Mordechai of Lechovitch and the maternal grandson of Rabbi Asher of Stolin. Koidanov was the smallest of the three Lithuanian Hasidic dynasties (Slonim and Karlin-Stolin), with most of its Hasidim being murdered in the Holocaust. The dynasty was re-established after the war in Tel Aviv, then moved to Bnei Brak, where the majority of the dynasty is located, but there are Chassidim located around the world.

Asher of Stolin (I)
Rabbi Asher Perlow of Stolin (Hebrew: אשר פרלוב מסטולין; Yiddish: דער גרויסער רבי אשר, romanized: Der Groyser Rebbe Asher, lit. 'Rabbi Asher the Elder') (1759 – 27 October 1826) was the son of Rabbi Aharon the Great of Karlin and the third Admor of the Karlin dynasty, and the founder of its Stolin subdynasty.
Bassendean Oval
Bassendean Oval (currently known as Steel Blue Oval under sponsorship arrangements) is a sports stadium located in Bassendean, Western Australia. It was officially opened in 1929 and significantly upgraded in 1932. The capacity of the venue is 22,000 people.

It usually hosts Australian rules football matches. The first WAFL match was played there in 1934, and it has since been home to the Swan Districts Football Club in both the WAFL and the WAWFL.

The crowd record is 22,350, for a WAFL match between Swan Districts and West Perth in 1980.

The stadium played host to the Big Day Out in 1997, 1999, 2000, and 2001 and the Soundwave Festival show in March 2008, 2009, and 2010.

Swan Districts Football Club
The Swan Districts Football Club, nicknamed the Swans, is an Australian rules football club playing in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and WAFL Women's (WAFLW). The club is based at Bassendean Oval, in Bassendean, an eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia. The club was formed in 1933, and joined the then-Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) in 1934, acting as a successor to Midland Junction Football Club, which had disbanded during World War I, in the Perth Hills region.
Del Taco
Del Taco Restaurants, Inc. is an American fast food restaurant chain focused on a variety of tacos, burritos, French fries, and burgers. Del Taco is led by Brand President Tom Rose, and is headquartered in Lake Forest, California. On December 6, 2021, Jack in the Box announced it was acquiring Del Taco for $12.51 per share. The acquisition was finalized in March 2022. Del Taco has approximately 595 locations in 18 US states.

Jack in the Box
Jack in the Box, Inc. is an American fast food restaurant chain founded on February 21, 1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered.  The chain has over 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States. Restaurants are also found in large urban areas outside the West Coast, as well as two in Guam. The company also formerly operated the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain until Apollo Global Management bought the chain in December 2017.

Food items include a variety of chicken tenders and french fries along with hamburger and cheeseburger sandwiches and selections of internationally themed foods such as tacos and egg rolls.
Monumento a los héroes de El Polvorín (mausoleum)
The Monumento a los heroes de El Polvorín (Monument to the "El Polvorín" fire heroes) is a mausoleum monument in Ponce, Puerto Rico, dedicated to the seven firefighters and one civilian who subdued the flames of the "El Polvorín" fire that took place on the night of 25 January 1899 in that city.

Calle 25 de Enero
Calle 25 de Enero (lit., 25 January Street) is a street and historic Victorian block located in barrio Segundo in Ponce, Puerto Rico, built to house Ponce's volunteer firemen and their families, after the historic fire that took place in the city on 25 January 1899, in appreciation for their labor on that fateful day.

This picturesque street is lined with 39 red-striped and black-striped houses, the local firefighters' colors. The street takes its name from the historic fire that took place in the town on that day in 1899.  Since then, and for a number of years, the city of Ponce built new homes on this street and then drew lots to see which of its firemen would be the lucky owners of these free new properties.
Alfred B. Littell
Alfred Beattie Littell (July 1, 1893 – December 12, 1970) was an American Republican Party politician who served as a member of both houses of the New Jersey Legislature and as President of the New Jersey State Senate in 1951. He was the father of State Senator Robert Littell and grandfather of Assemblywoman Alison Littell McHose.

Alison Littell McHose
Alison Elizabeth Littell McHose (born May 24, 1965) is an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2003 to 2015, where she represented the 24th Legislative District.
Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg
Maximilian Joseph Eugene Auguste Napoleon de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanowsky (2 October 1817 – 1 November 1852) was the husband of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia and first cousin of Emperors Napoleon III of the French and Francis Joseph I of Austria. He was a grandson of Napoleon I's first wife, the Empress Josephine, by her prior marriage to Alexandre de Beauharnais.

A student of Moritz von Jacobi, he is known as one of pioneers in galvanoplasty and an expert in copper and bronze metalworks generally, as well as an art collector. He was the proprietor of the first locomotive works in Russia.

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, Duchess of Leuchtenberg
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova of Russia (Russian: Мария Николаевна Романова) (18 August 1819 – 21 February 1876) was the daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, and sister of Alexander II. In 1839, she married Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg. She was an art collector and President of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg.
Songs of the Sea
Songs of the Sea was a multimedia show located at Siloso Beach on Sentosa, Singapore. Designed by ECA2 founder, Yves Pépin, Songs of the Sea started its operations on 26 March 2007, a day after the Sentosa Musical Fountain ceased operations. The fountain is a $30 million investment by Sentosa to enhance its entertainment product offerings and to attract more tourists. It was the world's only permanent show set in the sea – with pyrotechnics displays, water jets that could shoot up to 40 meters, laser show, flame bursts, a live 7-person cast, and an open-air viewing gallery which can accommodate 3,000 visitors. Songs of the Sea had its final show on 4 May 2014, and was closed to make way for a brand new multi-sensory production titled Wings of Time, which was launched on 17 June that year.

Sentosa Musical Fountain
The Sentosa Musical Fountain, also known as the Magical Fountain of Sentosa, or as the Musical Fountain by locals, was a former musical fountain water feature and entertainment venue made by Waltzing Waters on Sentosa Island in Singapore. It was located on a now-demolished portion of the Imbiah Lookout entertainment zone on the island. The Musical Fountain was officially opened on 11 June 1982, and ceased operations 25 years later on 26 March 2007, and was demolished that same year. The venue arena could accommodate more than 5000 people. It hosted five different shows through the 25 years it had been in operation, including the famous Magical Sentosa show which ran during the last 5 years of the fountain's operations.
Yaña imlâ alphabet
Yaña imlâ (Tatar: яңа имлә, yaña imlä, ياڭا ئيملە, pronounced [jʌˈŋɑ imˈlʲæ]; lit. 'new orthography') was a modified Arabic script that was in use for the Tatar language between 1920 and 1927. The orthographical reform modified İske imlâ, including abolishing homophonic letters and adding letters for short vowels e, ı, ö, o. Yaña imlâ made use of a "backness sign" ⟨ࢭ⟩ to indicate vowel harmony.

There were some projects that were to simplify Yaña imlâ too. The unique separated Arabic was invented (so as to use typewriters).

As early as in 1924 the first projects of Latin script were introduced and in 1928 the government switched to the Latin Yañalif alphabet.

İske imlâ alphabet
İske imlâ (Tatar: иске имлә, iske imlä, ايسكى ايمله, pronounced [isˌkɘ̆‿imˈlʲæ]; lit. 'old orthography') is an Arabic-based script used for writing the Tatar language. It was the most widely used Tatar script before 1920, and was also used for the Old Tatar language (Ural-Volga Turki). İske imlâ literally means "old orthography" and was named in contrast to the Yaña imlâ script, the "new orthography" which displaced İske imlâ.

The final script was reformed by Qayum Nasiri in the 1870s. Additional characters that could not be found in Arabic and Persian were borrowed from the Chagatai language. Unlike Yaña imlâ, İske imlâ is an abjad, although the two scripts are derived from the same source.

İske imlâ is still used by Chinese Tatars, who speak an archaic variant of the Tatar language.
Alexandra Gardiner Creel
Alexandra Gardiner Creel (February 7, 1910 - December 19, 1990) was a member of the Gardiner family, who were prominent bankers and landowners, known for their ownership of 3,300-acre (13 km2) Gardiners Island, located off the eastern tip of Long Island, New York.

Gardiners Island
Gardiner's Island is a small island in the Town of East Hampton, New York, in Eastern Suffolk County. It is located in Gardiner's Bay between the two peninsulas at the east end of Long Island. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) long, 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and has 27 miles (43 km) of coastline.

The island has been owned by the Gardiner family and their descendants since 1639 when Lion Gardiner purchased it from the Montaukett chief Wyandanch. At 5.19 square miles (13.4 km2), it is one of the largest privately owned islands in the United States, though slightly smaller than Naushon Island in Massachusetts, owned by the Forbes family.
Capital City Red
Capital City Red was the branding of bus services 17 and 18 in Cardiff. The route runs from the city centre to the west of the city, serving the Canton, Ely and Caerau districts.

The service forms part of the wider Cardiff Bus network and is one of three services to initially have a unique branding, along with Baycar and Capital City Green. Their fleet includes 55 Yutong E12 electric buses.

The service was introduced in 2006 to improve infrastructure on the route, and with the aim to make the corridor the first Statutory Quality Bus Partnership in Wales.

Baycar
Baycar (also styled as baycar) is a bus service in Cardiff, connecting the city centre and Cardiff Bay.

The service forms part of the wider Cardiff Bus network. The baycar used to be themed with its own branded vehicles, bus shelters and boards.
Boryeong Mud Festival
The Boryeong Mud Festival (Korean: 보령머드축제) is an annual festival which takes place during the summer on Daecheon Beach (대천해수욕장) near Boryeong, a town some 200 km south of Seoul, South Korea. The first Mud Festival was staged in 1998 and, by 2007, the festival attracted 2.2 million visitors to Boryeong.

The mud is taken from the Boryeong mud flats, and trucked to the Daecheon beach area, where it is used as the centrepiece of the 'Mud Experience Land'. The mud is considered rich in minerals and used to manufacture cosmetics. The festival was originally conceived as a marketing vehicle for Boryeong mud cosmetics.

Although the festival takes place over a period of around two weeks, it is most famous for its final weekend, which is popular with Korea's western population. The final weekend of the festival is usually on the second weekend in July.

Boryeong
Boryeong (Korean: 보령; Korean pronunciation: [po.ɾjʌŋ]), commonly known as Daecheon, is a city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Boryeong is known around Korea for its beaches, particularly Daecheon Beach, and the annual Boryeong Mud Festival around July. The city's beach-mud is widely touted for its cosmetic properties. As elsewhere along the southwest coast of the Korean peninsula, there are numerous small islands, many of which are connected by ferry to Daecheon Port.

Boryeong gained its present boundaries in 1995, with the merger of Boryeong-gun and Daecheon City. Previously, the two entities had been united under the name Boryeong County (Boryeong-gun) since the Joseon Dynasty and had been separated in 1986.
Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee)
The Communist Party of Great Britain is a political group which publishes the Weekly Worker newspaper. The CPGB (PCC) claims to have "an internationalist duty to uphold the principle, 'One state, one party'. To the extent that the European Union becomes a state then that necessitates EU-wide trade unions and a Communist Party of the EU". In addition, it is in favour of the unification of the entire working class under a new Communist International. It is not to be confused with the former Communist Party of Great Britain, the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist), or the current Communist Party of Britain.

Weekly Worker
The Weekly Worker is a newspaper published by the Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee) (CPGB-PCC). The paper is known on the left for its polemical articles, and for its close attention to Marxist theory and the politics of other Marxist groups. It claims a weekly online readership averaging over 20,000, Weekly Worker simultaneously also distributes 500 physical copies a week.
Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover
"Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover" aired on NBC on January 24, 2008. It is the 12th episode of the first season of Chuck, and aired alongside "Chuck Versus the Marlin" to close out the season. Casey is forced to revisit his past when his presumed-dead girlfriend resurfaces. Meanwhile, Ellie and Awesome have a fight, and it falls upon Morgan to help them patch things up.

Chuck Versus the Marlin
"Chuck Versus the Marlin" is the 13th episode and season finale of the first season of Chuck. It aired in a special two-episode block on NBC on January 24, 2008 with "Chuck Versus the Undercover Lover." Chuck's time as a civilian may be coming to a close when a Fulcrum bug is discovered at the Buy More, while Devon asks Chuck for a very personal favor.
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood
Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood is an American reality television series and the third installment of the Love & Hip Hop franchise. It premiered on September 15, 2014, on VH1 and chronicles the lives of several people in the Hollywood area, involved with hip hop music. The show features appearances from notable figures associated with West Coast hip-hop.

On July 8, 2019, VH1 announced the show's return for a sixth season, which premiered on August 5, 2019. On May 11, 2020, VH1 announced that production on any future seasons would be postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The show never returned, and after a series of crossover specials and spin-offs, several Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members were transferred to Love & Hip Hop: Miami from August 23, 2021.

Love & Hip Hop: Miami
Love & Hip Hop: Miami is an American reality television series that premiered January 1, 2018 on VH1. It chronicles the lives of several people in the Miami area involved with hip hop music. The show features appearances from notable figures associated with Southern hip hop, as well as Latin music and reggaeton. It is the fourth installment of the Love & Hip Hop franchise.

The series' seventh season premiered on November 4, 2025, on BET.
Shawinigan Cataractes
The Shawinigan Cataractes (French: Cataractes de Shawinigan) are a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) based in Shawinigan, Quebec. The franchise plays their home games at the Centre Gervais Auto, and were originally known as the Shawinigan Bruins until 1973, as well as the Shawinigan Dynamos from 1973 to 1978.

Shawinigan
Shawinigan (English: /ʃəˈwɪnɪɡən/; French: [ʃawiniɡan] ⓘ) is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec, Canada. It had a population of 49,620 as of the 2021 Canadian census.

Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Shawinigan. Its geographical code is 36. Shawinigan is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-Maurice.

The name Shawinigan has had numerous spellings over time: Chaouinigane, Oshaouinigane, Assaouinigane, Achawénégan, Chawinigame, Shawenigane, Chaouénigane. It may mean "south portage", "portage of beeches", "angular portage", or "summit" or "crest". Before 1958, the city was known as Shawinigan Falls.

Shawinigan is the birthplace of former Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien.
Sam Bush
Charles Samuel Bush (born April 13, 1952) is an American mandolinist who is considered an originator of progressive bluegrass music. In 2020, he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame as a member of New Grass Revival. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame a second time in 2023 as a solo artist.

New Grass Revival
New Grass Revival was an American progressive bluegrass band founded in 1971 and composed of Sam Bush, Courtney Johnson, Ebo Walker, Curtis Burch, Butch Robins, John Cowan, Béla Fleck, and Pat Flynn. They were active between 1971 and 1989 releasing more than twenty albums as well as six singles. Their highest-charting single is "Callin' Baton Rouge", which peaked at No. 37 on the U.S. country charts in 1989 and was a Top 5 country hit for Garth Brooks five years later.

In 2020, the group were inducted into the Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame.
Human shield action to Iraq
The Human Shield Action to Iraq was a group of people who traveled to Iraq to act as human shields with the aim of preventing the U.S.-led coalition forces from bombing certain locations during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Human shield
A human shield is a non-combatant (or a group of non-combatants) who either volunteers or is forced to shield a legitimate military target in order to deter the enemy from attacking it. The 20th and 21st centuries had numerous operations that used involuntary human shields. Use of voluntary human shields have also had use, particularly with Mahatma Gandhi using the concept as a tool of resistance.
Archduchess Margaret of Austria (born 1925)
Archduchess Margaret of Austria (17 August 1925 – 3 May 1979), was an Austrian archduchess of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. She was the daughter of Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria and Anna of Saxony. She married an Italian nobleman, Alexander Czech, Prince of Monteleone, and had issue.

Archduke Joseph Francis of Austria
Josef Franz, Archduke of Austria, Prince of Hungary (Josef Franz Leopold Anton Ignatius Maria; 28 March 1895 – 25 September 1957), was the eldest son of Archduke Joseph August of Austria and Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria.  As his father was the last Palatine of Hungary and was briefly considered a possible King of Hungary in 1919–1920, Josef Franz was a potential crown prince of Hungary.

He was born during the reign of his maternal great-grandfather Emperor Francis Joseph I of Austria.

He wrote the libretto to Eugene Zador's 1939 opera Christopher Columbus.