hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Gale Thomson
Anne Gale Kelly Thomson (17 May 1919 – March 8, 2010) was an American public and political figure, anti-tax activist, businesswoman, and benefactor. Thomson served as the First Lady of New Hampshire from 1973 until 1979 during the tenure of former Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr.

Meldrim Thomson
Meldrim Thomson Jr. (March 8, 1912 – April 19, 2001) was an American politician who served three terms as the 73rd governor of New Hampshire from 1973 to 1979. A Republican, he was known as a staunch conservative.
Hot-wire barretter
The hot-wire barretter was a demodulating detector, invented in 1902 by Reginald Fessenden, that found limited use in early radio receivers. In effect, it was a highly sensitive thermoresistor, which could demodulate amplitude-modulated signals, something that the coherer (the standard detector of the time) could not do.

The first device used to demodulate amplitude modulated signals, it was later superseded by the electrolytic detector, also generally attributed to Fessenden. The barretter principle is still used as a detector for microwave radiation, similar to a bolometer.

Electrolytic detector
An electrolytic detector, or liquid barretter, is a type of detector (demodulator) used in early radio receivers. It was first used by Canadian radio researcher Reginald Fessenden in 1903, and used until about 1913, after which it was superseded by crystal detectors and vacuum tube detectors such as the Fleming valve and Audion (triode). It was considered very sensitive and reliable compared to other detectors available at the time such as the magnetic detector and the coherer.  It was one of the first rectifying detectors, able to receive AM (sound) transmissions.  On December 24, 1906, US Naval ships with radio receivers equipped with Fessenden's electrolytic detectors received the first AM radio broadcast from Fessenden's Brant Rock, Massachusetts transmitter, consisting of a program of Christmas music.
Beethoven (film)
Beethoven is a 1992 American family comedy film, directed by Brian Levant and written by John Hughes (under the pseudonym "Edmond Dantès") and Amy Holden Jones. The film's plot centers on a St. Bernard dog named after the  famous German composer who finds a home with a suburban family. The film was released on April 3, 1992, and received mixed reviews from critics and earned $147.2 million worldwide. The film spawned a franchise, including a short-lived animated TV series. A sequel, Beethoven's 2nd, was released the following year.

Beethoven (TV series)
Beethoven is a 1994  American Saturday morning cartoon television series loosely based on the 1992 motion picture of the same name. The series was produced by Northern Lights Entertainment and Universal Cartoon Studios, and aired for one season on CBS Saturday Mornings, with 13 episodes with two 10 minute segments produced. Dean Jones, who played Dr. Varnick in the film, voiced the role of George Newton. Nicholle Tom, who played teenage daughter Ryce in the film and Beethoven's 2nd, was the only cast member from the films to reprise her role in the series, partly due to her presence in CBS's own prime time series, The Nanny, in where she was contractually obliged to portray the Maggie Sheffield character.
Ginés de Mafra
Ginés de Mafra (1493–1546) was a Portuguese or Spanish explorer who sailed with the Magellan expedition in search of a western passage to Asia. His later account of the voyage is an important supplement to the historical record. In 1536 he served as the chief pilot for Pedro de Alvarado on a voyage to Peru and in 1542 he sailed with Ruy López de Villalobos to the Philippines.

Ruy López de Villalobos
Ruy López de Villalobos (Spanish pronunciation: [ruj ˈlopeθ ðe βiʝaˈloβos]; c. 1500 – 23 April 1546) was a Spanish explorer who led a failed attempt to colonize the Philippines in 1543, attempting to assert Spanish control there under the terms of the treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza. Unable to feed his men through barter, raiding, or farming and unable to request resupply from New Spain due to poor knowledge of the Pacific's winds and currents, Villalobos abandoned his mission and fled to the Portuguese-held Moluccas, where he died in prison. He is chiefly remembered for some sources crediting him with naming Leyte and Samar "Las Islas Filipinas" in 1543 in honor of the Spanish crown prince Philip (later King Philip II). The name was later extended across the entire Philippine Archipelago and its nation. (Other sources credit the name to one of his captains, Bernardo de la Torre.)
Travis Jackson
Travis Calvin Jackson (November 2, 1903 – July 27, 1987) was an American baseball shortstop. In Major League Baseball (MLB), Jackson played for the New York Giants from 1922 through 1936, winning the 1933 World Series, and representing the Giants in the MLB All-Star Game in 1934. After his retirement as a player, Jackson managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season.

Jackson was discovered by Kid Elberfeld at a minor league baseball game at the age of 14. Elberfeld signed Jackson to his first professional contract, and recommended him to John McGraw, manager of the Giants. His exceptional range at shortstop led to the nickname "Stonewall." Jackson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.

Kid Elberfeld
Norman Arthur "Kid" Elberfeld (April 13, 1875 – January 13, 1944) was an American professional baseball shortstop. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies (1898), Cincinnati Reds (1899), Detroit Tigers (1901–1903), New York Highlanders (1903–1909), Washington Senators (1910–1911), and Brooklyn Robins (1914). Elberfled also managed the New York Highlanders for the last half of the 1908 season.

Elberfeld was given the nickname "the Tabasco Kid" because of his fiery temper. He was known for his ferocious verbal, and sometimes physical, assaults on umpires. On one occasion, while in the minors, Elberfeld threw a lump of mud into the umpire's open mouth. Later in his career, Elberfeld assaulted umpire Silk O'Loughlin and had to be forcibly removed by police; Elberfeld was suspended for just 8 games. He was ejected from a major league game 22 times as a player and 4 times as a manager.
Lessard River (rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest)
The Lessard River is a tributary of the rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest, flowing in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism activities, second.

The surface of the Lessard River is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the end of April, except the rapids areas; however, safe circulation on the ice is generally from late November to early April.

Rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest
The Rivière Franquelin Branche Ouest (French pronunciation: [ʁivjɛʁ fʁɑ̃klɛ̃ bʁɑ̃ʃ wɛst], Franquelin River West Branch) is a tributary of the Franquelin River, flowing in the unorganized territory of Rivière-aux-Outardes and in the municipality of Franquelin, in the Manicouagan Regional County Municipality, itself in the administrative region of Côte-Nord, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

This valley is served by a forest road which goes up the valley. Forestry is the main economic activity in this valley; recreational tourism, second.

The surface of the Franquelin Branche Ouest river is usually frozen from the beginning of November to the end of April, except the rapids; traffic on the ice is generally safe from late November to early April.
China White Paper
The China White Paper is the common name for United States Relations with China, with Special Reference to the Period 1944—1949, published in August 1949 by the United States Department of State in response to public concern about the impending victory of Chinese Communist forces in the Chinese Civil War. Secretary of State Dean Acheson directed his staff to prepare it in order to answer critics of American policy who blamed the administration for the "Loss of China".  The introduction by Acheson became controversial. Acheson wrote: "The unfortunate but inescapable fact is that the ominous result of the Civil War in China was beyond the control of the government of the United States. Nothing that this country did or could have done within the reasonable limits of its capabilities could have changed the result; nothing that was left undone by this country has contributed to it."

Loss of China
In American political discourse, the "loss of China" refers to the unexpected victory of the Chinese Communist Party over the U.S.-backed Nationalist Chinese Kuomintang government at the end of the Chinese Civil War. The defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's government was an immense shock to the American public, who subsequently saw the "loss" as a result of the Truman administration's "weakness towards communism," which greatly contributed to the anti-communist paranoia that drove the Second Red Scare.
Rustam Khan Khoyski
Rustam Khan Khoyski (Azerbaijani: Rüstəm xan Xoyski; 1888–1948) was an Azerbaijani statesman who served as the Minister of Social Security of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and was member of Azerbaijani National Council. Rustam Khan was the younger brother of a prominent Azerbaijani politician Fatali Khan Khoyski.

Fatali Khan Khoyski
Fatali Khan Iskandar Khan oghlu Khoyski (Azerbaijani: فتحعلی خان اسکندر خان اوغلی خویسکی, Fətəli xan İsgəndər xan oğlu Xoyski; 7 December [O.S. 25 November] 1875 – 19 June 1920) was an Azerbaijani attorney, a member of the Second State Duma of the Russian Empire, Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Defense and, later the first Prime Minister of the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
Wigston College
Wigston College, previously known as Guthlaxton College, is a coeducational sixth form located in Wigston Magna in the English county of Leicestershire. The college forms part of The Wigston Academies Trust, together with neighbouring Wigston Academy.

Wigston Academy
Wigston Academy is a mixed secondary school located  in Wigston, Leicestershire, England. It was formed in September 2015 through the merger of Abington Academy and Bushloe High School. The school forms part of The Wigston Academies Trust, together with neighbouring Wigston College.
Inverse curve
In inversive geometry, an inverse curve of a given curve C is the result of applying an inverse operation to C. Specifically, with respect to a fixed circle with center O and radius k the inverse of a point Q is the point P for which P lies on the ray OQ and OP·OQ = k2. The inverse of the curve C is then the locus of P as Q runs over C. The point O in this construction is called the center of inversion, the circle the circle of inversion, and k the radius of inversion.

An inversion applied twice is the identity transformation, so the inverse of an inverse curve with respect to the same circle is the original curve. Points on the circle of inversion are fixed by the inversion, so its inverse is itself.

Inversive geometry
In geometry, inversive geometry is the study of inversion, a transformation of the Euclidean plane that maps circles or lines to other circles or lines and that preserves the angles between crossing curves. Many difficult problems in geometry become much more tractable when an inversion is applied. Inversion seems to have been discovered by a number of people contemporaneously, including Steiner (1824), Quetelet (1825), Bellavitis (1836), Stubbs and Ingram (1842–3) and Kelvin (1845).
The concept of inversion can be generalized to higher-dimensional spaces.
Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet
The Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet  (simplified Chinese: 北洋海军军歌; traditional Chinese: 北洋海軍軍歌 Hanyu Pinyin: Běiyáng hǎijūn jūngē) was the official anthem of Beiyang Fleet during the Qing Dynasty, and was presumed lost after the defeat of the Beiyang Fleet in the First Sino-Japanese War. The piece was re-discovered by Yue Chen (Chinese: 陈悦) in the archives of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom in 2012. A modern adaptation was arranged by Xue Ye (Chinese: 雪野) for the People's Liberation Army Navy. The documentary Rise and Fall of Beiyang Fleet presented by CCTV uses this anthem as its theme music.

The anthem shares the same tune with Tune of Li Zhongtang.

Beiyang Fleet
The Beiyang Fleet (Pei-yang Fleet; simplified Chinese: 北洋舰队; traditional Chinese: 北洋艦隊; pinyin: Běiyáng Jiànduì; Wade–Giles: Pei3-yang2 Chien4-tui4; lit. 'Northern Ocean Fleet', alternatively Northern Seas Fleet) was one of the four modernized Chinese navies in the late Qing dynasty. Among the four, the Beiyang Fleet was particularly sponsored by Li Hongzhang, one of the most trusted vassals of Empress Dowager Cixi and the principal patron of the "self-strengthening movement" in northern China in his capacity as the Viceroy of Zhili and the Minister of Beiyang Commerce (北洋通商大臣). Due to Li's influence in the imperial court, the Beiyang Fleet garnered much greater resources than the other Chinese fleets and soon became the dominant navy in Asia before the onset of the 1894–1895 First Sino-Japanese War. It was the largest fleet in Asia and the 8th largest in the world during the late 1880s in terms of tonnage.
Agriculture and Forestry University
The Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) (Nepali: कृषि तथा वन विज्ञान विश्वविद्यालय) is a public agricultural university in Nepal. AFU has its central offices at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. It was established by the Parliament of Nepal through a bill passed in June 2010 merging two constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University namely Rampur Agriculture Campus of IAAS and Hetauda Campus of IOF in Hetauda, Makwanpur.

The university is the country's first technical university that offers agricultural workforce development and promotes research in agriculture, forestry, and allied disciplines through teaching, research, and extension programs across the country. The soul aim of the university is to produce mainpower for agriculture and forest industry.

Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
The Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS, Nepali: कृषि र पशु विज्ञान अध्ययन संस्थान) is an autonomous academic institute under Tribhuvan University (TU), Nepal's largest academic institution. It is Nepal's first higher education institution in the field of agriculture and one of the five technical institutes under TU, specializing in agriculture, animal sciences, and veterinary sciences.

IAAS operates undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. programs in agriculture and livestock streams. The institute has four constituent campuses and multiple affiliated colleges across Nepal.
Agila (TV series)
Agila (International title: Eagle) was a Philippine television drama series produced by TAPE Inc. and broadcast by RPN and ABS-CBN. Directed by Herman Escueta, it starred Val Sotto, Delia Razon, and Helen Vela. It aired from September 7, 1987 to February 7, 1992, replacing Heredero and was replaced by Valiente.

Heredero
Heredero is a Philippine television drama series produced by TAPE Inc. and broadcast by RPN. Directed by Herman Escueta, the series stars Philip Gamboa, Manilyn Reynes, and Helen Vela.

The show aired from July 23, 1984 to September 4, 1987, and was succeeded by Agila. Heredero tells the story of three children who were the lost children of a wealthy haciendero.
Margaret Stanley, Countess of Derby
Margaret Stanley, Countess of Derby (née Lady Margaret Clifford; 1540 – 28 September 1596) was the only surviving daughter of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland, and Lady Eleanor Brandon. Her maternal grandparents were Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and Mary Tudor, Queen of France. Mary was the third daughter of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York.

Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland
Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland (1517 – January 1570) was a member of the Clifford family, seated at Skipton Castle from 1310 to 1676. His wife was Lady Eleanor Brandon, a niece of King Henry VIII.After her death, he married Anne Dacre.
University of Peradeniya
The University of Peradeniya (Sinhala: පේරාදෙණිය විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය, Tamil: பேராதனைப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்) is a public university in Sri Lanka, funded by the University Grants Commission. It is the largest university in Sri Lanka, which was originally established as the University of Ceylon in 1942. The university was officially opened on 20 April 1954, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

The University of Peradeniya hosts nine faculties, four postgraduate institutes (including the newly added Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences), 20 centres and units, 73 departments, and teaches about 12,000 students in the fields of Medicine, Agriculture, Arts, Science, Engineering, Dental Sciences, Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Management, and Allied Health Sciences. It claims to have the largest government endowment by a higher education institution in Sri Lanka, based on its large staff and faculties/departments.

University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka)
University Grants Commission is the body responsible for funding  the State Universities in Sri Lanka, and operates within the frame work of the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978. A public organisation, established under the Parliament Act No 16 of 1978. Location is at No 20, Ward Place Colombo 07.

It distributes public money, allocated by the Government for teaching and research to universities and university affiliated institutes, as such controls much influence and appointments at state universities.
Més per Mallorca
Més per Mallorca (English: More for Majorca, MÉS) is a Majorcan political party and coalition formed by the Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM), IniciativaVerds (IV) and Entesa per Mallorca (ExM), as well as other small local parties around the island. It was established in 2010 by the PSM, Left Initiative (Iniciativa) and The Greens (EV) under the name PSM–Iniciativa–Verds. After the merger of Iniciativa and EV into IV in 2010, and with the incorporation of ExM in 2011, it was renamed as PSM–IniciativaVerds–Entesa. In 2013, the current name was adopted.

Socialist Party of Majorca
The Socialist Party of Majorca (Catalan: Partit Socialista de Mallorca, PSM; IPA: [pəɾˈtit sosi.əˈlistə ðə məˈʎɔɾkə]), officially PSM–Entesa after the incorporation of Entesa per Mallorca (ExM) in February 2013, is a political party in Majorca, Spain. The PSM defines itself as socialist, environmentalist, and Catalan nationalist, from a Majorcan point of view.
Rita Dove
Rita Frances Dove (born August 28, 1952) is an American poet and essayist. From 1993 to 1995, she served as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. She is the first African American to have been appointed since the position was created by an act of Congress in 1986 from the previous "consultant in poetry" position (1937–86). Dove also received an appointment as "special consultant in poetry" for the Library of Congress's bicentennial year from 1999 to 2000. Dove is the second African American to receive the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, in 1987, and she served as the Poet Laureate of Virginia from 2004 to 2006. Since 1989, she has been teaching at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, where she held the chair of Commonwealth Professor of English from 1993 to 2020; as of 2020, she holds the chair of Henry Hoyns Professor of Creative Writing.

Poet Laureate of Virginia
The position of Poet Laureate of Virginia was established December 18, 1936 by the Virginia General Assembly.

Originally, the poet laureate of Virginia was appointed without outside consultation by the General Assembly, usually for one year, in a process that has been described being "more of a political thing".

As of 1996, the procedure was changed and most recently codified in 1998 in Virginia Code, Sec. 7.1–43, as follows:

7.1-43. Poet laureate.

The honorary position of Poet Laureate of Virginia is hereby created. Beginning in 1998, the Governor may appoint a poet laureate from a list of nominees submitted by the Poetry Society of Virginia. Each poet laureate shall serve a term of two years with no restrictions on reappointment.

(1997, c. 299.)

The Virginia General Assembly now confirms the governor's appointment.
Australian Multicultural Council
The Australian Multicultural Council (AMC), formerly Council for Multicultural Australia (CMA), is a body appointed by the  Minister for Home Affairs to advise the Australian Government on multicultural affairs, social cohesion and integration policy and programs.

Multiculturalism in Australia
Multiculturalism in Australia is today reflected by the multicultural composition of its people, its immigration policies, its prohibition on discrimination, equality before the law of all persons, as well as various cultural policies which promote diversity, such as the formation of the Special Broadcasting Service.

According to the 2011 census, 26% of the population were born overseas and a further 20% had at least one parent born overseas. Aboriginal Australians make up approximately 2.5% of the population. Australia's diverse migrant communities have brought with them food, lifestyle and cultural practices, which have been absorbed into mainstream Australian culture.

From Federation until after the Second World War, Australia adhered to the White Australia policy. The policy was dismantled after the war by various changes to the immigration policy of the Australian government.
Scientologie, Wissenschaft von der Beschaffenheit und der Tauglichkeit des Wissens
Scientologie, Wissenschaft von der Beschaffenheit und der Tauglichkeit des Wissens (Scientology: Science of the Constitution and Usefulness of Knowledge) is a 1934 book published by Anastasius Nordenholz, in which he defines the term "Scientologie" or "Eidologie" as a science of knowing or knowledge and discusses the philosophical implications of the concept.

The book has been cited by some as a possible source of inspiration for L. Ron Hubbard and his better-known conception of Scientology, though this interpretation is disputed.

Anastasius Nordenholz
Anastasius Nordenholz (1862 - 1953) is the author of Scientologie, Wissenschaft von der Beschaffenheit und der Tauglichkeit des Wissens (Scientology, Science of the Constitution and Usefulness of Knowledge) written in 1933.
Diane Middlebrook
Diane Helen Middlebrook (née Wood; April 16, 1939 – December 15, 2007) was an American biographer, poet, and teacher. She taught feminist studies for many years at Stanford University. She wrote critically acclaimed biographies of poets Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath (along with Plath's husband Ted Hughes), and jazz musician Billy Tipton.

Anne Sexton
Anne Sexton (born Anne Gray Harvey; November 9, 1928 – October 4, 1974) was an American poet known for her highly personal, confessional verse. She won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1967 for her book Live or Die. Her poetry details her long battle with bipolar disorder, suicidal tendencies, and intimate details from her private life, including relationships with her husband and children, whom one daughter later alleged she had physically and sexually abused. Sexton’s work continues to be widely read and studied for its emotional intensity and innovative style.