hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Norman Thompson N.T.4
The Norman Thompson N.T.4 was a twin-engined British flying boat of the First World War.  Although less well known than similar Curtiss and Felixstowe flying boats, 50 were ordered for Britain's Royal Naval Air Service.

Curtiss Model H
The Curtiss Model H was a family of classes of early long-range flying boats, the first two of which were developed directly on commission in the United States in response to the £10,000 prize challenge issued in 1913 by the London newspaper, the Daily Mail, for the first non-stop aerial crossing of the Atlantic. As the first aircraft having transatlantic range and cargo-carrying capacity, it became the grandfather development leading to early international commercial air travel, and by extension, to the modern world of commercial aviation. The last widely produced class, the Model H-12, was retrospectively designated Model 6 by Curtiss' company in the 1930s, and various classes have variants with suffixed letters indicating differences.
Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie
Charles Henri Félicité Sapinaud de la Rairie (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl ɑ̃ʁi felisite sapino də la ʁɛʁi]; December 30, 1760 - August 12, 1829) was a French soldier and Vendéen general during the war in the Vendée.

Catholic and Royal Armies
The Catholic and Royal Armies (French: Armées catholiques et royales) is the name given to the royalist armies in western France composed of insurgents during the war in the Vendée and the Chouannerie, who opposed the French Revolution.
Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron
The Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron  (or SppS, also known as the Proton–Antiproton Collider) was a particle accelerator that operated at CERN from 1981 to 1991. To operate as a proton-antiproton collider the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) underwent substantial modifications, altering it from a one beam synchrotron to a two-beam collider. The main experiments at the accelerator were UA1 and UA2, where the W and Z bosons were discovered in 1983. Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer received the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics for  their contributions to the SppS-project, which led to the discovery of the W and Z bosons. Other experiments conducted at the SppS were UA4, UA5 and UA8.

UA2 experiment
The Underground Area 2 (UA2) experiment was a high-energy physics experiment at the Proton-Antiproton Collider (SppS) — a modification of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) — at CERN. The experiment ran from 1981 until 1990, and its main objective was to discover the W and Z bosons. UA2, together with the UA1 experiment, succeeded in discovering these particles in 1983, leading to the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer. The UA2 experiment also observed the first evidence for jet production in hadron collisions in 1981, and was involved in the searches of the top quark and of supersymmetric particles. Pierre Darriulat was the spokesperson of UA2 from 1981 to 1986, followed by Luigi Di Lella from 1986 to 1990.
Erika Evans
Erika Evans (born 1989 or 1990) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the Seattle City Attorney since 2026. In the November 2025 election, she defeated incumbent Republican Ann Davison with 66.8 percent of the vote. Evans is the first Black person elected to the office.

Evans previously served as an assistant U.S. Attorney, where she was the office's Civil Rights Coordinator. She resigned from the U.S. Department of Justice in March 2025, citing the department's direction under the second Trump administration, including the rollback of diversity initiatives and new policies on birthright citizenship. She ran for City Attorney on a platform that included implementing a restorative justice model, increasing the prosecution of wage theft, and opposing the administration's policies.

Seattle City Attorney
The Seattle City Attorney is a non-partisan elected official in Seattle, Washington whose job is to "prosecute people for misdemeanor offenses, defend the city against lawsuits, and gives legal advice to the city". The current city attorney is Erika Evans .
Dihi Kalas
Dihi Kalas is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Magrahat
Magrahat is a census town and a gram panchayat within the jurisdiction of the Magrahat police station in the Magrahat II CD block in the Diamond Harbour subdivision of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Albert Einstein Institution
The Albert Einstein Institution (AEI) is a non-profit organization specializing in the study of the methods of nonviolent resistance in conflict. It was founded by scholar Gene Sharp in 1983, and named after Albert Einstein.

Until 2000, the institute provided funding for Einstein Institution Fellowships for scholars, sometimes referred to as Einstein Fellows, and was also the funding body for the Program on Nonviolent Sanctions in Conflict and Defense at Harvard's Center for International Affairs.

Jamila Raqib has been executive director since 2005.

Weatherhead Center for International Affairs
The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs (WCFIA), formerly Center for International Affairs (CFIA)  is a research center for international affairs and the largest international research center within Harvard University's Faculty of Arts and Sciences. It is sometimes referred to as the Harvard Center for International Affairs.
Prince Maurice of Savoy
Maurice of Savoy (10 January 1593 – 3 October 1657, Turin) was an Italian nobleman, politician and cardinal. He was the fourth son of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Infanta Catalina Micaela of Spain.

Catalina Micaela of Spain
Catalina Micaela of Spain (10 October 1567 – 6 November 1597) was Duchess of Savoy by marriage to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. She ruled the duchy several times as regent in Charles Emmanuel's absence, notably during his campaign in 1594. She was the younger surviving daughter of Philip II of Spain and Elisabeth of Valois.
Ewedo
Ewedo (born Efabo) was the fourth Oba of the Kingdom of Benin who reigned from c. 1255 AD – c. 1280 AD. He was the only son and successor of Ehenmihen. He is credited with moving the seat of his government from Usama to the present palace site, introducing various gods and laws, and changing the name of the country from Ile or Ile-Ibinu to Ubini (Benin). He also reformed the political and administrative system of the kingdom, established a palace bureaucracy, and expanded the territory and influence of Benin.

Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin
6°19′56″N 5°37′12″E﻿ / ﻿6.33222°N 5.62000°E﻿ / 6.33222; 5.62000

The Royal Palace of the Oba of Benin, located in Benin City, Nigeria, is notable as the home of the Oba of Benin and other royals.

The original palace, built by Oba Ewedo (1255–1280), was located at the heart of ancient City of Benin. A new palace was built by Oba Eweka II (1914–1932) after the original building was destroyed during the 1897 war with the British.

The palace is known for once housing the Benin Bronzes.

The Royal Palace of Oba of Benin is a celebration and preservation of the rich Benin culture. Most of the visitors to the palace are curators, archaeologists or historians.
Borken (district)
Borken is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany in the Münster region. Neighboring districts are Steinfurt, Coesfeld, Recklinghausen, Wesel, Cleves, Bentheim in the Lower Saxony and the Dutch provinces Gelderland and Overijssel. The two biggest cities are Bocholt and Gronau.

Bocholt, Germany
Bocholt (German pronunciation: [ˈbɔxɔlt]) is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken. It is situated 4 km (2+1⁄2 miles) south of the border with the Netherlands. Suderwick is part of Bocholt and is situated at the border annex to Dinxperlo.
Legacy Robe
The Legacy Robe is a tradition begun in 1950 in which the ensemble member with the most Broadway credits receives a robe on the opening night of a Broadway musical. Originally known as the Gypsy Robe, the name of the colorful patchwork garment was changed in July 2018.

Actors' Equity Association
The Actors' Equity Association (AEA), commonly called Actors' Equity or simply Equity, is an American labor union representing those who work in live theatrical performance. Performers appearing in live stage productions without a book or through-storyline (vaudeville, cabarets, circuses) may be represented by the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). The AEA works to negotiate quality living conditions, livable wages, and benefits for performers and stage managers. A theater or production that is not produced and performed by AEA members may be called "non-Equity".
1990–91 2. Bundesliga
The 1990–91 2. Bundesliga season was the seventeenth season of the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system. It was the last season in which the league consisted of West German clubs only. From 1991–92 onwards clubs from the former East Germany joined the league.

FC Schalke 04, MSV Duisburg and Stuttgarter Kickers were promoted to the Bundesliga while Rot-Weiss Essen, Preußen Münster, TSV Havelse and FC Schweinfurt 05 were relegated to the Oberliga.

1. FC Schweinfurt 05
1. Fussball-Club Schweinfurt 1905, Verein für Leibesübungen e.V., called 1. FC Schweinfurt 05,  Schweinfurt 05, or simply FC 05, is a German association football club established in Schweinfurt (Bavaria) in 1905. Besides men’s and women‘s football, it also has a section for athletics.

The club is well known due to successful years in top and second-tier football leagues from the 1930s to the 1970s, and thanks to outstanding individuals. During the late 1930s, Schweinfurt's midfielders Albin Kitzinger and Andreas Kupfer, today considered as two of the best half-back players of all time, formed the core of the Germany national football team and represented their country at the 1938 FIFA World Cup and within the premiere FIFA continent selection Europe XI.

The FC 05 first team, which competes in the tier-three 3. Liga in the 2025–26 season, is organized within 1. FC Schweinfurt 1905 Fußball GmbH. The club plays its home games at Sachs-Stadion in Schweinfurt.
Bull Arab
The Bull Arab is an Australian breed of dog, developed in the 1970s for pig hunting. The breed was originally established through the crossing of 50% Bull Terrier, 25% Greyhound, and 25% German Shorthaired Pointer, a mix that combined speed, strength, scenting ability, and trainability. This original combination is still reflected in older bloodlines, though later additions in certain bloodlines include Great Dane, Bloodhound and Mastiff, with variations being made depending on the sort of country hunting took place on.

The Australian Bullarab Breeder's Association was launched in 2007, acting as the breed's parent club, with the ultimate goal of achieving ANKC recognition.

Boar hunting
Boar hunting is the practice of hunting wild boar, feral pigs, warthogs, and peccaries. Boar hunting was historically a dangerous exercise due to the tusked animal's ambush tactics as well as its thick hide and dense bones rendering them difficult to kill with premodern weapons.
Rangamati District
Rangamati District (Bengali: রাঙ্গামাটি জেলা), officially Rangamati Hill District, is a district in the south-eastern Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chattogram Division. The town of Rangamati is known as the capital of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. By area, Rangamati is the largest district of the country.

Rangamati
Rangamati (Bengali: রাঙামাটি) is a town and the administrative headquarters of Rangamati District in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh.  The town is located at 22°37'60N 92°12'0E and has an elevation of 14 metres (46 ft) above sea level.
Partial equivalence relation
In mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) is a homogeneous binary relation that is symmetric and transitive. If the relation is also reflexive, then the relation is an equivalence relation.

Homogeneous relation
In mathematics, a homogeneous relation (also called endorelation) on a set X is a binary relation between X and itself, i.e. it is a subset of the Cartesian product X × X. This is commonly phrased as "a relation on X" or "a (binary) relation over X". An example of a homogeneous relation is the relation of kinship, where the relation is between people.

Common types of endorelations include orders, graphs, and equivalences. Specialized studies of order theory and graph theory have developed understanding of endorelations. Terminology particular for graph theory is used for description, with an ordinary (undirected) graph presumed to correspond to a symmetric relation, and a general endorelation corresponding to a directed graph. An endorelation R corresponds to a logical matrix of 0s and 1s, where the expression xRy (x is R-related to y) corresponds to an edge between x and y in the graph, and to a 1 in the square matrix of R. It is called an adjacency matrix in graph terminology.
Ben Cardin
Benjamin Louis Cardin (born October 5, 1943) is an American lawyer and former politician who served as a United States senator from Maryland from 2007 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. representative for Maryland's 3rd congressional district from 1987 to 2007. Cardin served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1967 to 1987 and as its speaker from 1979 to 1987. In 58 years as an elected official, Cardin never lost an election.

Cardin was elected as U.S. senator to succeed Paul Sarbanes in 2006, defeating Republican Michael Steele, the lieutenant governor of Maryland. He became Maryland's senior U.S. senator on January 3, 2017, upon Barbara Mikulski's retirement. Cardin won reelection in 2012 and 2018, and retired from politics on January 3, 2025.

2006 United States Senate election in Maryland
The 2006 United States Senate election in Maryland was held Tuesday, November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democrat Paul Sarbanes, Maryland's longest-serving United States senator, decided to retire instead of seeking a sixth term. Democratic nominee Ben Cardin, a U.S. representative, won the open seat, defeating Republican lieutenant governor Michael Steele.
Thittai
Thittai also known as Thengudi Thittai is a village located in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India.The village is renowned for its ancient Vasishteswarar Temple, an important center of Hindu worship and Dravidian architecture.

Vasishteswarar Temple, Thittai
Vasishteswarar Temple, located in the village of Thittai, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is located 11 kilometers north of Thanjavur city in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Constructed by the Chola empire, it dates back to the 12th century AD.
Company (military unit)
A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100–250 soldiers and usually commanded by a major or a captain. Most companies are made up of three to seven platoons, although the exact number may vary by country, unit type, and structure.

Usually several companies are grouped as a battalion or regiment, the latter of which is sometimes formed by several battalions. Occasionally, independent or separate companies are organized for special purposes, such as the 1st Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company or the 3rd Force Reconnaissance Company. These companies are not organic to a battalion or regiment, but rather report directly to a higher level organization such as a Marine Expeditionary Force headquarters (i.e., a corps-level command).

Military organization
Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit).

In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures.
Arena Quarter
Arena Quarter (sometimes referred to as Arena Qtr) is a mixed city centre development with residential, retail and office developments in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is located in Leeds city centre and the area is best known for housing Leeds Arena.

In recent years, a number of developments have been built in Arena Quarter. This includes Opal 3 and Sky Plaza, both of which are student accommodation. Yorkshire's tallest building began construction in the Quarter in October 2018.

Leeds Arena
The Leeds Arena (currently known as the First Direct Bank Arena for sponsorship reasons) is an entertainment-focused indoor arena located in the Arena Quarter of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is the first in the United Kingdom to have a fan-shaped orientation.

The arena officially opened on 4 September 2013, with Sir Elton John, playing to an audience of 12,000. Bruce Springsteen had, however, held the first concert on 24 July 2013, with an audience of 13,000. The arena's opening season in 2013 later included acts including Kaiser Chiefs, Rod Stewart, Status Quo and Depeche Mode.

The building was named the "best new venue in the world" in 2014 by the Stadium Business Awards.
Manly Hospital
Manly Hospital provided medical services to the Northern Beaches area of Sydney, Australia before the transfer of services to Northern Beaches Hospital. The Northern Sydney Local Health District managed Manly Hospital.

Northern Beaches Hospital
The Northern Beaches Hospital is a district general hospital in Frenchs Forest, located in the Northern Beaches region of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Originally operated under a public-private partnership hospital when opened, the hospital will be integrated with the public NSW Health system by the middle of 2026.
John A. Frazier
Captain John Aldridge Frazier (July 18, 1833 – July 16, 1899) was a merchant seaman and farmer who was one of the founders of the city of Carlsbad, California. His discovery of artesian springs with mineral water led to the creation of the Carlsbad Mineral Springs Hotel & Spa.

Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California, United States. The city is 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego and 87 miles (140 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 114,746. Carlsbad is a popular tourist destination and home to many businesses in the golf industry.
92nd Regiment of Foot (Donegal Light Infantry)
The 92nd Regiment of Foot (Donegal Light Infantry) (1760–1763) was a short-lived infantry regiment in the British Army which was raised in Ireland in 1760  by the Earl of Ross at his own expense to help counter the Spanish Invasion of Portugal of 1762, an offshoot of the Seven Years' War.

The colonel-commandant of the regiment was General Sir Ralph Gore, 1st Earl of Ross himself.

After being posted to the Iberian Peninsula in 1762, the regiment was disbanded in England following the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

Ralph Gore, 1st Earl of Ross
Ralph Gore, 1st Earl of Ross (23 November 1725 – September 1802), known as Sir Ralph Gore, 6th Baronet, from 1746 until 1764, subsequently as The Baron Gore until 1768, and then as The Viscount Belleisle until 1772, was an Anglo-Irish soldier, politician and peer.
Gambling in the Philippines
Gambling has been present in the Philippines since at least the sixteenth century. Various legal and illegal forms of gambling are found almost all over the archipelago. The government manages gambling through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) a state-owned enterprise which both operates a number of individual casinos and in turn acts as a regulator to privately owned casino operators. Since 2016 PAGCOR has also granted operating licenses and overseen the regulation of growing online gambling sector serving offshore markets. Casino gambling and integrated resorts have become a key component of the Philippines appeal as a tourist destination with more than twenty casinos found in Metro Manila alone.

Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR; Filipino: Korporasyon sa Libangan at Palaro ng Pilipinas) is a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation serving as the country's gaming industry regulator, as well as owner and operator of a network of casino branches in key cities under the brand name Casino Filipino.

Excluded from PAGCOR's mandate, however, are the operation of lotteries by Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) and the regulation of horse betting by Games and Amusements Board (GAB).

PAGCOR was established in 1977 through Presidential Decree No. 1869. It is the Philippines' third largest contributor of government revenue, after the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the Bureau of Customs. The corporation is under the Office of the President of the Philippines.
Delaware Route 279
Delaware Route 279 (DE 279) is a 1.05-mile (1.69 km) long state highway located in northern New Castle County, Delaware.  It is signed north-south and runs from the Maryland state line southwest of Newark, where the road continues as Maryland Route 279 (MD 279), northeast to DE 4 and DE 896 in Newark. DE 279 follows a four-lane divided highway called Elkton Road and serves as part of the route connecting Elkton, Maryland with Newark. The roadway is maintained by the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT). DE 279 was originally the westernmost portion of DE 2, designated in the 1930s. This portion of road was widened into a divided highway in 1972. In 2013, DE 2 was truncated from the Maryland state line to east of Newark to simplify the route designations through Newark, resulting in DE 279 being designated to its current alignment.

Maryland Route 279
Maryland Route 279 (MD 279) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Elkton Road, the highway runs 4.95 miles (7.97 km) from U.S. Route 40 (US 40) and MD 7 west of Elkton northeast to the Delaware state line north of Elkton in northeastern Cecil County. At the state line, the highway continues as Delaware Route 279 (DE 279). MD 279 functions as a northern bypass of Elkton and is the primary highway to Newark, Delaware, from Maryland. The road has an interchange with Interstate 95 (I-95) northeast of Elkton. The state highway was originally constructed in the early 1910s. MD 279 was reconstructed and placed on a new course north of Elkton in the early 1960s. MD 279 bypassed the center of Elkton with an extension to US 40 in the late 1960s; the old alignment to downtown Elkton was designated MD 268.
Bamum script
The Bamum scripts are an evolutionary series of six scripts created for the Bamum language by Ibrahim Njoya, King of Bamum (now western Cameroon). They are notable for evolving from a pictographic system to a semi-syllabary in the space of fourteen years, from 1896 to 1910. Bamum type was cast in 1918, but the script fell into disuse around 1931. A project began around 2007 to revive the Bamum script.

The Bamum script is also used to write the Shümom language, also invented by Njoya.

Kingdom of Bamum
The Kingdom of Bamoun (also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum) was a state in central Africa, part of what is now northwest Cameroon. It was founded by the Bamun, an ethnic group from northeast Cameroon. Its capital was the ancient walled city of Fumban. The kingdom came under control of German West Africa in 1916.