hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Saab 9000
The Saab 9000 is an automobile produced by the Swedish company Saab from 1984 to 1998. Representing the company's foray into the executive car scene, it was developed as a result of the successes of the turbocharged 99 and 900 models. The 9000 remained in production until May 1998 and was replaced by the 9-5 in late 1997, although some final cars were produced into 1998. The Saab 9000 was only available with petrol engines, in two different 5-door hatchback designs or as a 4-door notchback.

Saab 9-5
The Saab 9-5 is an executive car, manufactured and marketed by Saab from 1997 to 2012, across two generations.

The first generation 9-5 was introduced in 1997 for the 1998 model year, as the replacement of the Saab 9000. At the time, the car represented a significant development for the manufacturer. In the United States, the 9-5 was introduced in the spring of 1998, for the 1999 model year.

The second generation was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show on September 15, 2009 and production began in March 2010. It was the first Saab automobile launched under Spyker Cars' ownership, though developed almost entirely under GM's ownership. Production ceased in 2012 amid Saab's liquidation.
Chelsea Branch Railroad (New Jersey)
The Chelsea Branch Railroad was a railroad company in the U.S. state of New Jersey. In May 1896, it merged with several other railroads to form the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad, part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

West Jersey and Seashore Railroad
The West Jersey and Seashore Railroad (WJ&S) was a railway company in the U.S. state of New Jersey with a connection to Philadelphia. It was formed through the merger of several smaller roads in May 1896.  At the end of 1925 it operated 379 miles (610 km) of road on 717 miles (1,154 km) of track; that year it reported 166 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 332 million passenger-miles. The Pennsylvania Railroad leased the company in 1930; this lease was transferred to the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines in 1933. Its property was conveyed to Conrail in 1976.
Tait equation
In fluid mechanics, the Tait equation is an equation of state, used to relate liquid density to hydrostatic pressure.  The equation was originally published by Peter Guthrie Tait in 1888 in the form

where  is  the hydrostatic pressure in addition to the atmospheric one,  is the volume at atmospheric pressure,  is the volume under additional pressure , and  are experimentally determined parameters.
A very detailed historical study on the Tait equation with the physical interpretation of the two parameters  and  is given in reference.

Equation of state
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries.
Robert de Boron
Robert de Boron (also spelled in the manuscripts "Roberz", "Borron", "Bouron", "Beron") was a French poet active around the late 12th and early 13th centuries, notable as the reputed author of the poems Joseph d'Arimathie and Merlin. Although little is known of Robert apart from the poems he allegedly wrote, these works and subsequent prose redactions of them had a strong influence on later incarnations of the Arthurian legend and its prose cycles, in particular through their Christianisation and redefinition of the previously ambiguous Grail motif and the character of Merlin, as well as vastly increasing the prominence of the latter.

Matter of Britain
The Matter of Britain (French: matière de Bretagne; Welsh: Mater Prydain; Cornish: Mater Brythain; Breton: Afer Breizh-Veur) is the body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and Brittany and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur. The 12th-century writer Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) is a central component of the Matter of Britain.

It was one of the three great Western story cycles recalled repeatedly in medieval literature, together with the Matter of France, which concerned the legends of Charlemagne and his companions, as well as the Matter of Rome, which included material derived from or inspired by classical mythology and classical history. Its pseudo-chronicle and chivalric romance works, written both in prose and verse, flourished from the 12th to the 16th century.
Eros (concept)
Eros (/ˈɪərɒs/, US: /ˈɛrɒs, irɒs, -oʊs/; from Ancient Greek  ἔρως (érōs) 'love, desire') is a concept in ancient Greek philosophy referring to sensual or passionate love, from which the term erotic is derived. Eros has also been used in philosophy and psychology in a much wider sense, almost as an equivalent to "life energy". Psychoanalysis uses the term to describe the universal desire that drives all innate needs (of the id), which according to Freud is identical to Plato's conception. The Protestant philosopher C. S. Lewis posits it as one of the four ancient Greek words for love in Christianity, alongside storge, philia, and agape.

Philia
Philia (/ˈfɪliə/; from Ancient Greek  φιλία (philía)) is one of the four ancient Greek words for love, alongside storge, agape and eros. In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, philia is commonly translated as friendship or affection. Its conceptual opposite is phobia, which denotes fear or aversion.
Caynham
Caynham is a village and civil parish in south Shropshire, England. The parish lies on the River Teme. It can be accessed via the A4117 or the A49 roads and is located 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) southeast of the market town of Ludlow. The civil parish includes the village of Cleehill and has an area of 953 hectares (2,350 acres).

Cleehill
Cleehill is a village in south Shropshire, England. It is sometimes written as Clee Hill Village (including the road sign entering the village) to avoid confusion. It lies in the civil parish of Caynham. The market towns of Ludlow and Cleobury Mortimer are both 5.5 miles (8.9 km) distant, Ludlow to the west and Cleobury to the east.

It lies on the slope of Titterstone Clee Hill and, lying between 1,120 feet (340 m) and 1,250 feet (380 m) above sea level, it is one of the highest settlements in the county.
Visa requirements for Nepalese citizens
Visa requirements for Nepali citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Nepal.

As of 2025, Nepalese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 38 countries and territories, ranking the Nepal passport 98th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Nepalese passport
A Nepalese passport (Nepali: नेपाली राहदानी) is a travel document issued from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nepal to Nepali citizens for the purpose of international travel. The Department of Passport (DoP), a department under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs functions as the issuing authority and is responsible for issuing Nepalese passports on application to all eligible Nepali citizens. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Nepali citizenship.
Anne Gonzaga
Anna Gonzaga (Anna Marie; 1616 – 6 July 1684) was an Italian French noblewoman and salonist. The youngest daughter of Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, and Catherine de Mayenne (herself daughter of Charles, Duke of Mayenne), Anna was "Princess Palatine" as the wife of Edward of the Palatinate, a grandson of King James I of England and uncle to King George I of Great Britain. She bore Edward three children, all daughters. Had Anna not converted Edward to Catholicism, the English throne might have passed to their descendants.

Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
Edward, Prince Palatine of the Rhine (Eduard, Prinz von der Pfalz) (5 October 1625 – 10 March 1663), was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (of the House of Wittelsbach), the "Winter King" of Bohemia, by his consort, the English princess Elizabeth Stuart.
Public Health Service Act
The Public Health Service Act is a United States federal law enacted in 1944. The full act is codified in Title 42 of the United States Code (The Public Health and Welfare), Chapter 6A (Public Health Service).
This Act provided a legislative basis for the provision of public health services in the United States.

Title 42 of the United States Code
Title 42 of the United States Code is the  United States Code dealing with public health, social welfare, and civil rights. Parts of Title 42 which formerly related to the US space program have been transferred to Title 51.
Eddie Slovik
Edward Donald Slovik (February 18, 1920 – January 31, 1945) was an American soldier who was court-martialed and executed for desertion during World War II. He was the only US serviceman to have met such a fate since the American Civil War, though in 1902, during the American-Philippine War, two American soldiers (Edmund DuBose and Lewis Russell) of the 9th Cavalry Regiment were executed for "desertion to the enemy". Although over 21,000 American servicemen were given varying sentences for desertion during World War II, including 49 death sentences, Slovik's death sentence was the only one that was carried out. The case was brought to public attention by the 1954 book The Execution of Private Slovik by William Bradford Huie, later made into an NBC 1974 television movie.

Capital punishment by the United States military
The use of capital punishment by the United States military is a legal punishment in martial criminal justice. As of 2025, capital punishment has not been carried out by the U.S. military since 1961, when Private John A. Bennett was executed for the rape and attempted murder of an 11-year-old girl. However, capital punishment has been utilized consistently by the US military in conflicts throughout American history.
Fusee (horology)
A fusee (from the French fusée, wire wound around a spindle) is a cone-shaped pulley with a helical groove around it, wound with a cord or chain attached to the mainspring barrel of antique mechanical watches and clocks. It was used from the 15th century to the early 20th century to improve timekeeping by equalizing the uneven pull of the mainspring as it ran down. The watch and clock historian Granville Hugh Baillie stated of the fusee, "Perhaps no problem in mechanics has ever been solved so simply and so perfectly."

Barrel (horology)
Used in mechanical watches and clocks, a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover, with a ring of gear teeth around it, containing a spiral spring called the mainspring, which provides power to run the timepiece.  The barrel turns on an arbor (axle).  The spring is hooked to the barrel at its outer end and to the arbor at its inner end. The barrel teeth engage the first pinion of the wheel train of the watch, usually the center wheel. Barrels rotate slowly: for a watch mainspring barrel, the rate is usually one rotation every 8 hours.  This construction allows the mainspring to be wound (by turning the arbour) without interrupting the tension of the spring driving the timepiece.
Jian (era)
Jian (治安) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name"), also known as Chi'an,  after Kannin and before Manju.  This period spanned the years from February 1021 through July 1024. The reigning emperor was Go-Ichijō-tennō (後一条天皇).

Kannin
Kannin (寛仁) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name")  after Chōwa and before Jian.  This period spanned the years from April 1017 through February 1021. The reigning emperor was Go-Ichijō-tennō (後一条天皇).
Piaggio P.XI
The Piaggio P.XI was an Italian 14-cylinder radial aircraft engine. The P.XI was a licensed derivative of the French Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major 14K produced in Italy.

Further development led to the P.XIX. This featured an increased compression ratio from 6:1 to 7:1 and an rpm increase from 2,400 to 2,600.

Gnome-Rhône Mistral Major
The Gnome-Rhône 14K Mistral Major was a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial engine. It was Gnome-Rhône's major aircraft engine prior to World War II, and matured into a highly sought-after design that would see licensed production throughout Europe and Japan. Thousands of Mistral Major engines were produced, used on a wide variety of aircraft.
Gardner–Pingree House
The Gardner–Pingree House is a historic house museum at 128 Essex Street in Salem, Massachusetts.  It is judged to be a masterpiece of Federal architecture by the noted Salem builder Samuel McIntire, and was designated a  National Historic Landmark in 1972 for its architectural significance.  It is owned by the Peabody Essex Museum as part of its architectural collection.

Peabody Essex Museum
The Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) in Salem, Massachusetts, US, is a successor to the East India Marine Society, established in 1799.  It combines the collections of the former Peabody Museum of Salem (which acquired the Society's collection) and the Essex Institute. PEM is one of the oldest continuously operating museums in the United States  and holds one of the major collections of Asian art in the United States. Its total holdings include about 1.3 million pieces, as well as twenty-two historic buildings.

After opening newly expanded spaces in 2019, PEM now ranks in the top 10 North American art museums in terms of gallery square footage, operating budget and endowment.  The PEM holds more than 840,000 works of historical and cultural art covering maritime, American, Asian, Oceanic and African art, Asian export art, and two large libraries with over 400,000 books and manuscripts.
Sagastad
Sagastad Viking Center  (Norwegian: Sagastad Viking Senter) is a knowledge center situated in Nordfjordeid in Western Norway. It is considered a landmark in the town, and is the most visited attraction in the area. The center is the home of the full-scale reconstruction of the largest Viking long ship ever discovered; the Myklebust ship. Sagastad is the most followed attraction in Norway on Instagram.

The center also houses an exhibition on the Viking history of the town of Nordfjordeid. The center was opened in 2019. The center focuses on the Viking age, mainly the mid to late 9th century. It also presents the story of King Audbjorn of the Firda Kingdom whom ruled from Nordfjordeid and the story of the excavation of the Myklebust Burial Mound.

The building also serves as a cultural center hosting concerts and other events.

Myklebust Ship
The Myklebust Ship (Norwegian: Myklebustskipet) is the remains of a burned Viking ship that was found in the burial mound Rundehågjen on the farm Myklebust in Nordfjordeid, Norway. In terms of total volume the Myklebust ship is the largest Viking ship that has been discovered in the world to date.
13th/18th Royal Hussars
The 13th/18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army. It was formed by the amalgamation of the 13th Hussars and the 18th Royal Hussars in 1922 and, after service in the Second World War, it amalgamated with the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars to form the Light Dragoons in 1992.

18th Royal Hussars
The 18th Royal Hussars (Queen Mary's Own) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, first formed in 1759. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War before being amalgamated with the 13th Hussars to form the 13th/18th Royal Hussars in 1922.
Irchester
Irchester is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, two miles (3 km) south-east of Wellingborough and two miles south-west of Rushden. The population of the village at the 2011 Census was 5,706 and estimated in 2019 at 5,767. Little Irchester and Knuston also lie in the parish.

Rushden
Rushden is a town and civil parish in the North Northamptonshire district, in the county of Northamptonshire, England, around 18 miles (29 km) east of Northampton. The parish is on the border with Bedfordshire, 12 miles (19 km) north of Bedford.

The parish of Rushden covers an area of some 9,001 acres (36.43 km2). The population of Rushden is 32,038, making it the fifth largest town in the county.  The larger urban area, which includes the adjoining town of Higham Ferrers, has a population of 40,865.
Woodbine Entertainment Group
Woodbine Entertainment Group (WEG), known as the Ontario Jockey Club from 1881 to 2001, is the operator of two horse racing tracks, a casino and off-track betting stations in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada. It also owns and operates the Canadian digital television service HPItv and operates Canada's only online wagering platform for horse racing, HorsePlayer Interactive. WEG is responsible for operating Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, and it also runs Woodbine Mohawk Park in Campbellville, Ontario. It employs over 2,300 people in its operations. WEG also ran the Turf Lounge on Bay Street in Toronto from 2003 to 2015.

Woodbine Racetrack
Woodbine Racetrack is a race track for Thoroughbred horse racing in the Etobicoke area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Woodbine Entertainment Group, Woodbine Racetrack manages and hosts Canada's most famous race, the King's Plate. The track was opened in 1956 with a one-mile oval dirt track, as well as a seven-eights turf course. It has been extensively remodeled since 1993, and since 1994 has had three racecourses.
Huddersfield Giants
The Huddersfield Giants are an English professional rugby league club from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. Huddersfield play their home games at the Accu Stadium and compete in Super League, the top tier of British rugby league.

Huddersfield Giants have won the League Championship seven times and Challenge Cup six times.

The club's home colours are claret and thin gold hooped shirt, claret shorts and claret and gold hooped socks. They have or have had rivalries with Leeds Rhinos, Bradford Bulls, Halifax, Oldham, Rochdale Hornets, Wakefield Trinity, Batley Bulldogs and Dewsbury Rams.

Oldham R.L.F.C.
Oldham Rugby League Football Club is a professional rugby league football club based in Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. The club plays home games at Bower Fold in Stalybridge, and compete in the Championship, the second tier of British rugby league.

Oldham have won the League Championship four times, Challenge Cup three times and the Second Division three times.

The clubs traditional home kits are red and white hooped jerseys, navy blue shorts and red socks. They share a local rivalry with Rochdale Hornets, Salford Red Devils and Swinton Lions and cross county rivalries with nearby Huddersfield Giants and Halifax.
Alfred Lucas (chemist)
Alfred Lucas OBE (27 August 1867 – 9 December 1945) was an Egyptian-based English analytical chemist and archaeologist. He is best known for being part of Howard Carter's team at the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb, analysing and conserving many of the finds, but he was also a pioneer in the wider fields of artifact preservation and forensic science.

Howard Carter
Howard Carter (9 May 1874 – 2 March 1939) was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who became known for discovering the intact tomb of the 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun in November 1922, the best-preserved pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley of the Kings.
Amy Pieters
Amy Pieters (born 1 June 1991) is a Dutch professional road and track cyclist, who is contracted to ride for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team SD Worx–Protime. She was a member of the Dutch team that finished sixth at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the team pursuit (together with Ellen van Dijk, Kirsten Wild and Vera Koedooder).

On 23 December 2021, Pieters was placed in an induced coma and underwent emergency surgery to relieve pressure on her brain caused by a fall that day during a training ride near Alicante with the Dutch national track team. After being repatriated to the Netherlands the following month, Pieters had regained consciousness in April but, due to the brain injury sustained, doctors were unsure of her "residual symptoms and remaining abilities". In October 2022, Pieters was able to take her first steps since the fall, at a neuro-rehabilitation centre in Woerden.

Vera Koedooder
Divera Maria Koedooder (born 31 October 1983) is a Dutch former professional racing cyclist.

Born in Hoorn, Koedooder was a member of the Dutch team that finished sixth at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the team pursuit (together with Ellen van Dijk, Kirsten Wild and Amy Pieters).
Michael S. Smith (drummer)
Michael Scott Smith (January 30, 1946 – January 2, 2006) was an American jazz drummer and percussionist. Based in the Washington D.C. - Baltimore area for most of his 40-year career, Smith played with many jazz greats including Dave Liebman, Herbie Hancock, John Abercrombie, Randy Brecker, Tommy Flanagan, Billy Eckstein, Astrud Gilberto, Freddie Hubbard, Herb Ellis, and Milt Jackson.

John Abercrombie (guitarist)
John Laird Abercrombie (December 16, 1944 – August 22, 2017) was an American jazz guitarist. His work explored jazz fusion, free jazz, and avant-garde jazz. Abercrombie studied at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. He was known for his understated style and his work with organ trios.
No. 9 Air Experience Flight RAF
No. 9 Air Experience Flight (9 AEF) is one of thirteen  Air Experience Flights (AEFs) run by the Royal Air Force for the Air Cadet Organisation.  The primary purpose of an AEF is to provide air experience to members of the Air Training Corps, Combined Cadet Force (RAF) Section and occasionally, the Girls Venture Corps Air Cadets and the Air Scouts.

Air Experience Flight
An Air Experience Flight (AEF) is a training unit of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (Training Branch) whose main purpose is to give introductory flying experience to cadets from the Air Training Corps and the Combined Cadet Force. As of 2019, thirteen AEFs are active.
Mystic Valley Parkway
Mystic Valley Parkway is a parkway in Arlington, Medford, Somerville, and Winchester, Massachusetts, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and forms part of Route 16.

Massachusetts Route 16
Route 16 is a 59.8646-mile-long (96.3427 km) east–west state highway in Massachusetts. It begins in the west at an intersection with Route 12 and Route 193 in Webster, just north of the Connecticut state border.  It runs in a generally southwest-northeast routing through a number of Boston's suburbs and runs to the west and then north of the city before ending in Revere at an intersection with Route 1A and Route 60.

From Watertown eastward, Route 16 is a multi-lane arterial road, although it is not limited access for any significant length. Segments of Route 16 through this area are also known as the Mystic Valley Parkway, the Alewife Brook Parkway, and the Revere Beach Parkway, among other names.

From the western end of the Route 135 concurrency in Wellesley to Route 30 (Commonwealth Avenue) in Newton, the route serves as a part of the Boston Marathon, from the halfway point to just before Mile 18 and the hills.