hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
George Lauder Sr.
George Lauder (9 May 1815 – 18 November 1901) was a political leader in Scotland who was the father of Scottish industrialist George Lauder and surrogate father to his nephew Andrew Carnegie. He was the also the progenitor of the Lauder Greenway Family. Lauder has been described as Carnegie's "intellectual father." Lauder was consistently credited by Carnegie throughout his lifetime, saying in his 1920 autobiography: "...a man whose influence on me cannot be underestimated, my Uncle Lauder."

George Lauder (industrialist)
George Lauder Jr. (November 11, 1837 – August 24, 1924) was a Scottish-American industrialist. A trained mechanical engineer, Lauder was responsible for many of the technical advancements made in the steel industry during the Industrial Revolution including updates to both the Bessemer Process and coal washing machinery while also leading the use of steel in arms and defense.

Lauder was the first cousin and so-called "cousin-brother" of steel magnate Andrew Carnegie and his partner in the Carnegie Steel Company. He received proceeds from the sale in secure 5% gold mortgage bonds at 1.5 par value. Lauders fortune was later valued around $50 million (almost $2 Billion today).The sale of Carnegie Steel to J.P. Morgan in 1901 created U.S. Steel where Lauder sat on the board of directors.
Dresden–Werdau railway
The Dresden–Werdau railway is an electrified, double-track main line in the German state of Saxony. It runs from Dresden via Freiberg, Chemnitz and Zwickau to Werdau wye, where it joins the Leipzig-Hof railway.

The line was opened in several sections and its first section from Werdau to Zwickau was opened 1845, making it one of the oldest railways in Germany. The Dresden–Tharandt section was completed in 1855, the Chemnitz–Zwickau section followed in 1858, the line was extended from Tharandt to Freiberg in 1862 and the section from Chemnitz to Flöha was opened as part of the line to Annaberg in 1866. The entire line was not open until 1869, when the missing section from Freiberg-Flöha was opened. From then on the railway line developed into an important connection. It continues to be an important part of the so-called Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale) from Dresden to Nuremberg.

Saxon-Franconian trunk line
Saxon-Franconian trunk line (German: Sachsen-Franken-Magistrale) is a modern term for a double-track railway route between the German cities of Dresden and Nuremberg. It is 390 kilometres long and currently electrified from Dresden to Hof. The concept of the Saxon-Franconian trunk route was developed in the transport policy debate in the 1990s during consideration of direct rail services connecting Dresden and Görlitz with Karlsruhe and Oberstdorf. The term is not traditionally used in relation to the railway lines now described by it.
Sadio Doumbia
Sadio Doumbia (born 12 September 1990) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of No. 23 achieved on 15 September 2025. Doumbia has won five ATP Tour titles with compatriot Fabien Reboul and 18 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, 17 of them with Reboul. He also has a career-high ATP singles ranking of No. 250 achieved on 7 November 2016.

Fabien Reboul
Fabien Reboul (born 9 September 1995) is a French professional tennis player who specializes in doubles. He has a career high ATP doubles ranking of world No. 22 achieved 26 May 2025. Reboul has won five ATP Tour doubles titles and 17 ATP Challenger Tour doubles titles, all partnering Sadio Doumbia. He also has a career high ATP singles ranking of No. 328 achieved on 17 December 2018.
2017 ITTF World Tour
The Seamaster 2017 ITTF World Tour was the 22nd season of the International Table Tennis Federation's professional table tennis world tour.

The events for the 2017 tour were split into two tiers: World Tour Platinum and World Tour. The Platinum events offered higher prize money and more points towards the ITTF World Tour standings, which determined the qualifiers for the 2017 ITTF World Tour Grand Finals in December.

On 12 January 2017 it was announced that Chinese shipping company Seamaster had agreed a four-year sponsorship deal with the ITTF World Tour.

2017 ITTF World Tour Grand Finals
The 2017 ITTF World Tour Grand Finals was the final competition of the 2017 ITTF World Tour, the International Table Tennis Federation's professional table tennis world tour. It was the 22nd edition of the competition, and was held from 14 to 17 December in Astana, Kazakhstan.

The competition featured events in four categories: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles.
Minsky's Burlesque
Minsky's Burlesque was a brand of American burlesque presented by four sons of Louis and Ethel Minsky: Abraham 'Abe' Bennett Minsky (1880–1949), Michael William 'Billy' Minsky (1887–1932), Herbert Kay Minsky (1891–1959), and Morton Minsky (1902–1987). They started in 1912 and ended in 1937 in New York City. Although the shows were declared obscene and outlawed, they were rather tame by modern standards.

American burlesque
American burlesque is a genre of variety show derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall, and minstrel shows. Burlesque became popular in the United States in the late 1860s and slowly evolved to feature ribald comedy and female nudity. By the late 1920s, the striptease element overshadowed the comedy and subjected burlesque to extensive local legislation. Burlesque gradually lost its popularity, beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by recreating burlesque on the stage and in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s.
Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1987
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 1987 with the song "Ja sam za ples", composed by Rajko Dujmić, with lyrics by Stevo Cvikić, and performed by the band Novi fosili. The Yugoslav participating broadcaster, Jugoslavenska radiotelevizija (JRT), selected its entry through Jugovizija 1987. The selection process used a revised system for nominations and scoring. In the Contest itself the song was ranked fourth out of 22, winning 92 points.

Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest
Yugoslavia was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 27 times, debuting in 1961 and competing every year until its last appearance in 1992, with the exceptions of 1977–1980, and 1985. The Yugoslavian participating broadcaster in the contest was Yugoslav Radio Television (JRT), which usually selected its entrant with a national final. Yugoslavia won the 1989 contest and hosted the 1990 contest.

"Neke davne zvezde" performed by Ljiljana Petrović was Yugoslavia's first entrant in the contest in 1961 and placed eighth. In the 1962 contest, "Ne pali svetla u sumrak" by Lola Novaković gave the country its first top five result, finishing fourth. This would remain Yugoslavia's only top five result until the 1983 contest, when "Džuli" by Danijel finished fourth. "Ja sam za ples" by Novi Fosili also finished fourth in the 1987 contest. In 1989, the country achieved its only victory in the contest, when "Rock Me" by Riva won.
Dileesh Nair
Dileesh Nair (born 23 July 1981) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Malayalam cinema. He started out as a 2D animator. He made his script writing debut with Salt N' Pepper (2011) along with Syam Pushkaran. He debuted as film director with Tamaar Padaar (2014).

Syam Pushkaran
Syam Pushkaran (born 6 September 1984) is an Indian scriptwriter who works in Malayalam cinema. He is known for his collaboration with directors Aashiq Abu and Dileesh Pothan. He made his debut with Salt N' Pepper (2011), co-written with Dileesh Nair. He has written screenplays for popular films such as 22 Female Kottayam (2012), Da Thadiya (2012), Idukki Gold (2013), Iyobinte Pusthakam (2014), Rani Padmini (2015), Maheshinte Prathikaaram (2016), Mayaanadhi (2017), and Kumbalangi Nights (2019) and Joji (2021). He also served as co-director and wrote the dialogues for Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum (2017). Pushkaran won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay for Maheshinte Prathikaram at the 64th National Film Awards (2016).
Proguanil
Proguanil, also known as chlorguanide and chloroguanide, is a medication used to treat and prevent malaria. It is often used together with chloroquine or atovaquone. When used with chloroquine the combination will treat mild chloroquine resistant malaria. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects include diarrhea, constipation, skin rashes, hair loss, and itchiness. Because malaria tends to be more severe in pregnancy, the benefit typically outweighs the risk. If used during pregnancy it should be taken with folate. It is likely safe for use during breastfeeding. Proguanil is converted by the liver to its active metabolite, cycloguanil.

It was removed from the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines in 2025. In the United States and Canada it is only available in combination as atovaquone/proguanil.

Cycloguanil
Cycloguanil is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil; its formation in vivo has been thought to be primarily responsible for the antimalarial activity of proguanil.  However, more recent work has indicated that, while proguanil is synergistic with the drug atovaquone (as in the combination Malarone), cycloguanil is in fact antagonistic to the effects of atovaquone, suggesting that, unlike cycloguanil, proguanil may have an alternative mechanism of antimalarial action besides dihydrofolate reductase inhibition.

Although cycloguanil is not currently in general use as an antimalarial, the continuing development of resistance to current antimalarial drugs has led to renewed interest in studying the use of cycloguanil in combination with other drugs.
Napoleon (rapper)
Mutah Wassin Shabazz Beale (born October 7, 1977), better known as Napoleon, is an American former rapper of Tupac's rap group Outlawz. He has since converted to Islam and is now a motivational speaker.

Outlawz
Outlawz was an American hip-hop group founded by Tupac Shakur (Makaveli) and Yafeu Fula (Yaki Kadafi) in 1995. The group's core members originally performed under the names Thoro Headz and Young Thugz, first gaining recognition for their guest appearance on Shakur's 1993 track "Flex", which served as the B-side of his single "Holler If Ya Hear Me".

By 1995, the group had reorganized as Dramacydal. Under this name, they were featured on the tracks "Me Against the World" and "Outlaw" from Shakur's third studio album, Me Against the World. Following Shakur's release from prison in late 1995, the group was officially rebranded as the Outlaw Immortalz.
Art in Action
Art in Action was an exhibit of artists at work displayed for four months in the summer of 1940 at the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) held on Treasure Island. Many famous artists took part in the exhibit, including Dudley C. Carter, woodcarver and Diego Rivera, muralist. Rivera painted his monumental work Pan American Unity at Art in Action.

Golden Gate International Exposition
The Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) was a World's Fair held at Treasure Island in San Francisco, California, U.S. The exposition operated from February 18, 1939, through October 29, 1939, and from May 25, 1940, through September 29, 1940; it drew 17 million visitors to Treasure Island. Among other things, it celebrated the city's two newly built bridges: the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate Bridge.
Frank Blethen
Frank A. Blethen (born April 20, 1945) is an American executive who served as the publisher of The Seattle Times and chief executive officer (CEO) of The Seattle Times Company, based in Seattle, Washington, United States. A fourth-generation member of the Blethen family, which has owned the newspaper since 1896, he became a publisher in 1985. He has also served as a publisher of the Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, another newspaper that was owned by the company in the 1970s. During his tenure as publisher, the family's control over the newspaper decreased, consistent with the profitability across the newspaper industry. The newspaper entered into a joint operating agreement with the Seattle Post-Intelligencer that lasted until it ceased printing in 2009.

The Seattle Times Company
The Seattle Times Company is a privately owned publisher of daily and weekly newspapers in the U.S. state of Washington. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 1896, the company is in its fourth generation of control by the Blethen family as of 2022.

Alden J. Blethen founded the company in 1896, and kept ownership of it in his family, until his son sold a minority stake of 49.5% the company to Knight Ridder. McClatchy now owns the share. Frank A. Blethen, Alden's great-grandson, is the chief executive officer and chairman of the company.
Bang Soo-hyun
Bang Soo-hyun (Korean: 방수현; Hanja: 方銖賢; born 13 September 1972) is a former badminton player from South Korea who was one of the world's leading women's singles players of the 1990s. She was a contemporary and rival of Indonesia's Susi Susanti and China's Ye Zhaoying. Noted for a style that combined impressive power and movement, she retired from competition after her victory in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, shortly before her 24th birthday. She was elected to the World Badminton Hall of Fame in 2019.

Susi Susanti
Lucia Francisca "Susi" Susanti Haditono (Chinese: 王蓮香; pinyin: Wáng Liánxiāng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ông Liân-hiang; born 11 February 1971) is an Indonesian retired badminton player. Relatively small of stature, she combined quick and graceful movement with elegant shotmaking technique, and is regarded by many as one of the greatest women's singles players of all time. She was the inaugural Olympic women's badminton champion and the first Indonesian Olympic gold medalist.
Education in Quebec
Education in Quebec is governed by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (Ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur). It was administered at the local level by publicly elected French and English school boards, changed in 2020 to school service centres. Teachers are represented by province-wide unions that negotiate province-wide working conditions with local boards and the provincial government of Quebec.

Ministry of Education and Higher Education (Quebec)
The Ministry of Education and Higher Education (in French: Ministère de l’Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur, abbreviated as MEES) was the combined government ministry of Quebec that governed education, recreation, and sports from 27 February 2015 to 22 June 2020.

The ministers of Education and of Higher Education were the individuals who had the political responsibility for the regulation and oversight of educational services offered in the province as well as for the Ministry of Education.
University of Wollongong in Dubai
The University of Wollongong in Dubai (UOWD) Arabic: جامعة ولونغونغ في دبي) is an offshore campus of the University of Wollongong in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Established in 1993, the university is located in the Dubai Knowledge Park and serves over 5,000 students.

Unlike other foreign universities in the UAE, the University of Wollongong in Dubai is an autonomous and separate entity. While affiliated to the University of Wollongong in Australia, it remains a distinct university that is independent from the mother institution.

Dubai International Academic City
Dubai International Academic City (DIAC), informally known as Academic City, is a university town in the city of Dubai, United Arab Emirates along the Dubai-Al Ain Road. The project was launched in May 2006 in liaison with Dubai Knowledge Park. The regulatory authority in the DIAC is the Dubai Development Authority.

As a university town, DIAC is a foundation for schools, colleges and universities. Consisting of 27 colleges and universities, 3 innovation centers, the DIAC enrolls about 27,500 students. It offers more than 500 academic programs in different fields.
Peter Johansen Neergaard
Peter Johansen (de) Neergaard (24 July 1769 – 9 January 1835) was a Danish landowner. He was one of the largest landowners of his time in Denmark. His father was ennobled under the name de Neergaard in 1780.

Neergaard (noble family)
The de Neergaard family is a Danish noble family descended from War Councillor Peter Johansen Neergaard, whose two sons Jens Bruun de Neergaard (1742–1788) and Johan Thomas de Neergaard (1745–1806) were ennobled on 31 May 1780. Descendants of Jens Bruun de Neergaard are referred to as the 'elder branch', whereas descendants of Johan Thomas de Neergaard are referred to as the 'younger branch'.

Members of the de Neergaard family have been major landowners for generations. Estates that are currently owned by the de Neergaard family include: Svenstrup (since 1751), Gunderslevholm (since 1803), Førslevgaard (since 1803), Gyldenholm (since 1862), Valdemarskilde, and Løvegaard (since 1963).
Valdar
Valdar was the name of several legendary Danish kings.

The Hervarar saga tells the tale of a Valdar who was viceroy of Denmark under Ivar Vidfamne and by Ivar's daughter Alfhild he was the father of Randver and of Harald Wartooth who was a legendary king of Denmark and Sweden.

The Skjöldunga saga and Hversu Noregr byggdist tell the tale of a Valdar who succeeded Hrólfr Kraki as King of Scania. This Valdar was the father of Harald the Old.

Hrólfr Kraki
Hrólfr Kraki (Old Norse: [ˈhroːlvz̠ ˈkrɑke]), Hroðulf, Rolfo, Roluo, Rolf Krage (early 6th century) was a semi-legendary Danish king who appears in both Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian tradition.

Both traditions describe him as a Danish Scylding, the nephew of Hroðgar and the grandson of Healfdene. The consensus view is that Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian traditions describe the same people. Whereas the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and Widsith do not go further than treating his relationship with Hroðgar and their animosity with Froda and Ingeld, the Scandinavian sources expand on his life as the king at Lejre and on his relationship with Halga, Hroðgar's brother. In Beowulf and Widsith, it is never explained how Hroðgar and Hroðulf are uncle and nephew.
Lee Jae-yeong
Lee Jae-yeong (Korean: 이재영; RR: I Jae-yeong; born (1996-10-15)15 October 1996) is a South Korean volleyball player. She played as the Outside Hitter for the South Korea women's national volleyball team. She is the twin sister of Lee Da-yeong, who was also a member of the South Korea national volleyball team.

Lee Da-yeong
Lee Da-yeong (Korean: 이다영; born (1996-10-15)15 October 1996) is a South Korean volleyball player who previously played as a setter for the South Korea women's national volleyball team. She is the twin sister of Lee Jae-yeong, who was also a member of the South Korea national Volleyball team.
Š
The grapheme Š, š (S with caron) is used in various contexts representing the sh sound like in the word show, usually denoting the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ or similar voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/. In the International Phonetic Alphabet this sound is denoted with ʃ or ʂ, but the lowercase š is used in the Americanist phonetic notation, as well as in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet. 
It represents the same sound as the Turkic letter Ş and the Romanian letter Ș (S-comma), the Hebrew and Yiddish letter ש, the Ge'ez (Ethiopic) letter ሠ, the Cyrillic letter Ш, the Arabic letter ش and the Armenian letter Շ (շ).

For use in computer systems, Š and š are at Unicode codepoints U+0160 and U+0161 (Alt 0138 and Alt 0154 for input), respectively. In HTML code, the entities &Scaron; and &scaron; can also be used to represent the characters.

Esh (letter)
Esh (majuscule: Ʃ, minuscule: ʃ) is a character used in phonology to represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative (English ⟨sh⟩, as in "ship").

In Unicode, these letters are encoded as U+01A9 Ʃ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH and U+0283 ʃ LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH
Aquilegia microcentra
Aquilegia microcentra is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae native to Uruzgan Province in central and southeastern Afghanistan. The plant is understood as related to Aquilegia moorcroftiana, which has a range spanning into Afghanistan. A. microcentra has small, white flowers. The species was first described by the Flora Iranica in 1992 from specimens collected by Karl Heinz Rechinger in 1967.

Aquilegia moorcroftiana
Aquilegia moorcroftiana is a species of flowering plant in the genus Aquilegia (columbines) in the family Ranunculaceae. It is native to central Asia, with a range spanning Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, Nepal, and Tibet. A. moorcroftiana grows at the highest elevation of any species of columbine, with examples frequently found at over 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) of elevation.

The species is named after William Moorcroft, a British mountaineer and explorer of Ladakh and Tibet.: 104
Interstate 69W
Interstate 69W (I-69W) is a relatively short north–south Interstate Highway running through South Texas in the United States. The freeway begins northeast of the middle of the World Trade International Bridge in Laredo and ends just east of I-35. In the future, I-69W will head northeast for 180 miles (290 km) before terminating near Victoria as both I-69E and I-69W merge to form I-69. For its entire length, I-69W runs concurrently with U.S. Highway 59 (US 59).

World Trade International Bridge
The  World Trade International Bridge  is one of four international bridges located in the cities of Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, that connect the United States and Mexico over the  Rio Grande (Río Bravo).  It is owned and operated by City of Laredo and the Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (Mexico's federal Secretariat of Communication and Transportation).  It is also known as Laredo International Bridge 4.
Smaills Beach
45°54′26″S 170°33′40″E﻿ / ﻿45.90722°S 170.56111°E﻿ / -45.90722; 170.56111

Smaills Beach (often spelled "Smails Beach") is a beach on the Pacific Ocean 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) southeast of the city centre of Dunedin, New Zealand. Located within the Ocean Grove Reserve adjacent to Tomahawk Beach, at the point where Otago Peninsula joins the mainland of the South Island, Smaills Beach is a white sand beach for much of its length, but its western end is covered in volcanic boulders. Just offshore from the beach, dominating the wave patterns of the surf, is the rocky outcrop known as Bird Island. Smaills Beach is clothing-optional, renowned for its wildlife, and popular with surfers.

Tomahawk Beach
Tomahawk Beach is a beach on the Pacific Ocean 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) southeast of the city centre of Dunedin, New Zealand. Located within the Ocean Grove Reserve between St Kilda Beach and Smaills Beach, at the point where Otago Peninsula joins the mainland of the South Island, Tomahawk Beach is a white sand beach popular with casual beach-goers and dog-walkers as well as surfers. Sand is extracted from the Tomahawk Lagoon channel, which runs across the beach, for commercial purposes and to prevent flooding.
Albert Reynolds
Albert Martin Reynolds (3 November 1932 – 21 August 2014) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1992 to 1994. Between 1979 and 1991, he held several cabinet positions, including Minister for Finance from 1988 to 1991. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for Longford–Roscommon from 1977 to 1992, and for Longford–Westmeath from 1992 to 2002.

During his first term as taoiseach, Reynolds led a coalition government of Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats. In his second term, he headed a coalition of Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party.

Leader of Fianna Fáil
The leader of Fianna Fáil is the most senior politician within the Fianna Fáil political party in Ireland. Since 26 January 2011, the office has been held by Micheál Martin, following the resignation of Brian Cowen as leader of the party four days earlier.