hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Grafton and Upton Railroad
The Grafton and Upton Railroad (reporting mark GU) is a Class III short line railroad in east-central Massachusetts.  This 24.85 mile line runs from Grafton to Franklin and connects to CSX Transportation lines at both ends. Following a period of decline and neglect, maintenance and repairs began in 2008 with the aim of returning the line to operable condition.

Grafton, Massachusetts
Grafton is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 19,664 at the 2020 census. The town consists of the North Grafton, Grafton, and South Grafton geographic areas, each with a separate ZIP Code. Incorporated in 1735, the town is home to a Nipmuc village known as Hassanamisco Reservation, the Willard House and Clock Museum, Community Harvest Project, and the Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine.
Tromøy
Tromøy (historic: Tromø) is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway. The 30-square-kilometre (12 sq mi) municipality existed from 1878 until its dissolution in 1992. The municipal area is now part of the municipality of Arendal in Agder county. The administrative centre was the village of Brekka, where the historic Tromøy Church is located. The municipality encompassed all of the island of Tromøya as well as many smaller surrounding islands such as Merdø, Gjesøya, Skilsøy, and Tromlingene.

The municipality had two churches: the centuries-old Tromøy Church and the relatively new Færvik Church. Some of the main villages in Tromøy were Færvik, Brekka, Brattekleiv, Sandnes, Revesand, and Pusnes. The municipality was connected to the mainland by the Tromøy Bridge, the only road connection to Tromøya. The other islands of Tromøy were only accessible by boat.

Arendal
Arendal (Urban East Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɑ̂ːɳɖɑːɫ] ⓘ) is a municipality in Agder county in southeastern Norway. Arendal belongs to the region of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Arendal (which is also the seat of Agder county). Some of the notable villages in Arendal include Rykene, Eydehavn, Færvik, Strengereid, Kongshavn, Kilsund, Brattekleiv, Torsbudalen, Longum, Saltrød, Staubø, Vrengen, and Kolbjørnsvik. The offices of UNEP/GRID-Arendal are also located in the city of Arendal.

The 270-square-kilometre (100 sq mi) municipality is the 273rd largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Arendal is the 24th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 45,891. The municipality's population density is 179.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (466/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.9% over the previous 10-year period.
Padiham
Padiham (/ˈpædiəm/ PAD-i-əm) is a market town and civil parish on the River Calder, in the Borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England. It is located north west of Burnley, and north east of the towns of Clayton le Moors and Great Harwood. It is edged by the foothills of Pendle Hill to the north-west and north-east. The United Kingdom Census 2011 gave a parish population of 10,098, estimated in 2019 at 10,138.

Pendle Hill
Pendle Hill is in the east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Nelson, Colne, Brierfield, Clitheroe and Padiham. Its summit is 557 metres (1,827 ft) above mean sea level. It gives its name to the Borough of Pendle. It is an isolated hill in the Pennines, separated from the South Pennines to the east, the Bowland Fells to the northwest, and the West Pennine Moors to the south. It is included in a detached part of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Fitzwatertown, Pennsylvania
Fitzwatertown is an unincorporated community located in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The community is in Upper Dublin Township, 2.13 miles (3.43 km) south of Jarrettown, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Abington, 1.1 miles south of Dreshertown, 1 mile (1.6 km) northeast of Oreland and approximately 12.3 miles (19.8 km) north of Philadelphia.

Fitzwatertown is located at the intersection of Limekiln Pike, Fitzwatertown Road and Jenkintown Road.

Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Abington Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is adjacent to Philadelphia's northern fringe. The population was 58,502 as of the 2020 census, making it the second most populous township in Montgomery County after Lower Merion Township. The population density is 3603.3 per square mile (1,377/km2), making it the second most densely populated township in Montgomery County after Cheltenham Township.

Abington Township is one of Montgomery County's oldest communities, dating back before 1700 and being incorporated in 1704. It is home to some of the county's oldest transportation routes, industries and churches. Many of these older business and transportation centers were the forerunners of modern Abington. Abington contains the Willow Grove Park Mall, several small businesses, and a few of Montgomery County's largest employers.
La Chaux-de-Fonds railway station
La Chaux-de-Fonds railway station (French: Gare de La Chaux-de-Fonds) serves the municipality of La Chaux-de-Fonds, in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Opened in 1857, the station is owned and operated by SBB-CFF-FFS.  It forms the junction between three SBB-CFF-FFS standard gauge lines: from Morteau in France (via Le Locle-Col des Roches), from Neuchâtel and from Biel/Bienne.

The station also offers interchange with two metre gauge lines: the Chemins de fer du Jura (CJ) line to Glovelier and the Transports publics Neuchâtelois line to Les Ponts-de-Martel.

La Chaux-de-Fonds–Les Ponts-de-Martel railway
The La Chaux-de-Fonds–Les Ponts-de-Martel railway is a metre-gauge railway in the Swiss Jura. It is operated by the Transports publics Neuchâtelois and has connected the municipalities of Les Ponts-de-Martel and La Sagne in the Vallée des Ponts (also called the Vallée de la Sagne) with La Chaux-de-Fonds since 26 July 1889.
2012 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 2012 New Hampshire gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the 2012 U.S. presidential election, U.S. House elections, and various state and local elections.

Four-term incumbent governor John Lynch was eligible to seek a fifth term.  In the fall of 2011, Lynch announced that he would retire rather than run for re-election.  On September 11, 2012, Democrat Maggie Hassan and Republican Ovide Lamontagne defeated primary opponents to win their parties' nominations. Hassan won the election while carrying every county in the state and began the two-year term on January 3, 2013.

Ovide Lamontagne
Ovide Marc Lamontagne (born 1957) is an American businessman who serves as  a shareholder at Bernstein Shur law firm in Manchester, New Hampshire. Lamontagne is a lawyer and a Republican former political candidate who was his party's nominee for Governor of New Hampshire in 1996 and 2012. He also unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for the US Senate in 2010.

Lamontagne, who is of French-Canadian descent, was born and raised in Manchester. He graduated from Manchester's Trinity High School in 1975 before he took his undergraduate degree at the Catholic University of America in 1979. He taught social studies at a high school level before attending the Wyoming College of Law, graduating with his Juris Doctor degree in 1985. He clerked for Judge James E. Barrett of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit before returning to Manchester in 1986. That year, he joined the Manchester law firm Devine Millimet.
Statute Law Revision Act 1875
The Statute Law Revision Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 66) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for the United Kingdom enactments from 1725 to 1868 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress.

Section 2 of, and schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 79) revived several acts repealed by the act, including:

Lunacy Act 1845 (8 & 9 Vict. c. 100)

Lunatic Asylums (Ireland) Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. 115)

Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1852 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 67)

Section 3 of the Statute Law Revision Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 79) replaced the text "The Schedule" in the partial repeal of the Industrial Schools Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict.) with "The First Schedule".

Statute Law Revision Act 1878
The Statute Law Revision Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 79) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that repealed for the United Kingdom enactments from 1707 to 1868 which had ceased to be in force or had become necessary. The act was intended, in particular, to facilitate the preparation of the revised edition of the statutes, then in progress.
HMS Otranto
HMS Otranto was an armed merchant cruiser requisitioned by the British Admiralty when World War I began in 1914. Built before the war for the UK–Australia run as SS Otranto, she was primarily used in the war to search for German commerce raiders. She played small roles in the Battle of Coronel in November 1914 when the German East Asia Squadron destroyed the British squadron searching for it and in the Battle of the Falkland Islands the following month when a British squadron annihilated the Germans in turn.

Apart from brief refits in the UK, Canada and Australia, she remained on this duty until early 1918 when she became a troop ship. During a severe storm off the Isle of Islay in late 1918, she accidentally collided with another troop ship, HMS Kashmir (1915) and was forced ashore by the storm, killing 470 passengers, mainly American soldiers, and crewmen.

SS Tuscania (1914)
SS Tuscania was a luxury liner of the Anchor Line, a subsidiary of the Cunard Line and named after Tuscania, Italy. In 1918 the ship was torpedoed and sunk by the German U-boat UB-77 while transporting American troops to Europe with the loss of 210 lives.
Trinity College School
Trinity College School (TCS) is a co-educational, independent boarding and day school located in Port Hope, Ontario, Canada. TCS was founded on May 1, 1865, more than two years before Canadian Confederation. It includes a Senior School for grades nine to twelve, and a Junior School for grades five to eight.

Port Hope, Ontario
Port Hope is a municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, about 109 km (68 mi) east of Toronto and 159 km (99 mi) west of Kingston. It is at the mouth of the Ganaraska River on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in the west end of Northumberland County. The private Trinity College School opened here in 1865.
Ben Elliot
Sir Benjamin William Elliot (born 11 August 1975) is a British businessman and fund-raiser for the Conservative Party who served as Co-Chairman of the Conservative Party from July 2019 alongside James Cleverly (2019–2020), Amanda Milling (2020–2021), Oliver Dowden (2021–2022), and Andrew Stephenson (2022) before resigning on 5 September 2022. In 2018, Elliot was appointed by Michael Gove, the Secretary of State for the Environment, as the UK government's first Food Surplus and Waste Champion. Elliot is the co-founder of the Quintessentially Group, a global luxury concierge service, and the co-founder of Hawthorn Advisors, a communications consultancy based in London. He is a nephew of Queen Camilla.

Chairman of the Conservative Party
The chairman of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom is responsible for party administration and overseeing the Conservative Campaign Headquarters, formerly Conservative Central Office.

When the Conservatives are in government, the officeholder is usually a member of the Cabinet holding a sinecure position such as Minister without Portfolio. Deputy or Vice Chairmen of the Conservative Party may also be appointed, with responsibility for specific aspects of the party.

The current Deputy Chairman is Matt Vickers.

The role was created in 1911 in response to the Conservative Party's defeat in the second 1910 general election. The position is not subject to election, as it is given by the party leader.
Hot Action Cop
Hot Action Cop is an American rock band from Nashville, Tennessee. They are known for their hit single "Fever for the Flava". Long Island, New York-native Rob Werthner formed the band in 2001 with bassist Luis Espaillat, drummer Kory Knipp, and guitarist Tim Flaherty, and added keyboardist Daniel Feese in 2002 prior to the tour to support their self-titled debut album. Knipp left in December 2003 but remained friends with the band, subbing in on drums when needed, and rejoined in 2011. Espaillat left in 2006 to pursue other musical ventures. Bass guitarist Juan Chavolla joined in 2008, and after playing for several years without a keyboardist, multi-instrumentalist Brian Smith, a long-time friend of Werthner's, joined in 2012.

Hot Action Cop (album)
Hot Action Cop is the debut album by American rock band Hot Action Cop. It was released on March 4, 2003. The album was also released in a clean (censored) version and featured a whole new set of lyrics for the song "Show Her" (excluding the chorus) including a bridge that made fun of the need to censor an album.
Stan Tinkham
Stanley Dean Tinkham was an American competitive swimmer and Hall of Fame coach who swam as an All-American for the University of North Carolina and coached the Walter Reed Army hospital team, where he led his swimmers to first place finishes in every event at the Senior National Championships at least once between 1954-1958.   He was the Head Coach for the 1956 U.S. Melbourne Olympic Women's team, and later founded and coached the Northern Virginia Aquatic Club from 1959 through the 1980s, where he mentored many more female champions.  The 1956 Melbourne Olympians he had formerly coached on the Walter Reed Hospital team included 400 freestyler Susan Gray McGreivy, butterfly gold medalist Shelley Mann, butterfly bronze medalist Mary Jane Sears, and  Betty Brey who swam with the silver medal women's 4x100 freestyle relay team.

Betty Brey
Elizabeth Evadna Mullen Brey (November 23, 1931 – March 21, 2015), née Elizabeth Evadna Mullen, was an American competition swimmer who represented the United States in the 4x100 freestyle relay at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. In addition to marriage and raising three children, she would work as a physical therapist, physical education teacher at Chevy Chase High School, a swim instructor, and as a coach of the women's swimming team at George Washington University.
Citrulline
The organic compound citrulline is a non-essential α-amino acid. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon. Although named and described by gastroenterologists since the late 19th century, it was first isolated from watermelon in 1914 by Japanese researchers Yatarō Koga (古賀彌太郎) and Ryō Ōtake (大嶽了) and further codified by Mitsunori Wada of Tokyo Imperial University in 1930.
It has the formula H2NC(O)NH(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H.  It is a key intermediate in the urea cycle, the pathway by which mammals excrete ammonia by converting it into urea. Citrulline is also produced as a byproduct of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from the amino acid arginine, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase.

Urea cycle
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3). Animals that use this cycle, mainly amphibians and mammals, are called ureotelic.

The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered by Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit in 1932, five years before the discovery of the TCA cycle. The urea cycle was described in more detail later on by Ratner and Cohen. The urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys.
The Terrorists
The Terrorists (Swedish: Terroristerna) is a crime novel by Swedish writers Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö; it is the final book in their 10-part detective series revolving around Martin Beck and his team. The Terrorists was unfinished at the time of Per Wahlöö's death in June 1975; the last few chapters were completed by Maj Sjöwall alone.

Martin Beck
Martin Beck is a fictional Swedish police detective and the main character in a series of ten novels by Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, collectively titled The Story of a Crime. Frequently referred to as the Martin Beck stories, all were adapted into films between 1967 and 1994. Six were adapted for the series featuring Gösta Ekman as Martin Beck.

Between 1997 and 2018, there were also 38 films (some released direct for video and broadcast on television) based on the characters, with Peter Haber as Martin Beck. Apart from the core duo of Beck and his right-hand man Gunvald Larsson, the latter adaptations bear little resemblance to the plots of the original series. They feature a widely different and evolving cast of characters, though roughly similar themes and settings around Stockholm.
Springville, Virginia
Springville is a census-designated place in Tazewell County, Virginia, United States. It is the midpoint between Bluefield and Tazewell on US 460 and US 19. The population as of the 2010 census was 1,371.

Springville is home to several churches including Destiny Outreach Ministries and Springville Christian Church which is purported to be the oldest congregation in Tazewell County.

The Bluestone River rises in the Springville area on East River Mountain.

Tazewell County, Virginia
Tazewell County (/ˈtæzwɛl/) is a county located in the southwestern portion of Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 40,429. Its county seat is Tazewell.

Tazewell County is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA Micropolitan Statistical Area. Its economy was dependent on coal and iron of the Pocahontas Fields from the late 19th into the 20th century.
Mick Lillis
Mick Lillis is a Gaelic games coach and manager and former player. He played for the Laois county football team, later managing them and has also been involved with numerous clubs in several counties. As well as managing winning senior championship teams in Laois with Portlaoise, he also guided St Laurence's in Kildare and Palatine in Carlow to county titles.

Laois county football team
The Laois county football team (/liːʃ/ LEESH) represents Laois in men's Gaelic football and is governed by Laois GAA, the county board of the Gaelic Athletic Association. The team competes in the three major annual inter-county competitions; the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, the Leinster Senior Football Championship and the National Football League.

Laois's home ground is O'Moore Park, Portlaoise. The team's manager is Justin McNulty.

The team last won the Leinster Senior Championship in 2003 and the National League in 1986. Laois has never won the All-Ireland Senior Championship.
Dogberry
Dogberry is a character created by William Shakespeare for his play Much Ado About Nothing. The Nuttall Encyclopædia describes him as a "self-satisfied night constable" with an inflated view of his own importance as the leader of a group of comically bumbling watchmen. Dogberry is notable for his numerous malapropisms, sometimes called "dogberryisms" or "dogberrys". The character was created for William Kempe, who played comic roles in Shakespeare's theatre company the Lord Chamberlain's Men.

Malapropism
A malapropism (/ˈmæləprɒpɪzəm/; also called a malaprop, acyrologia or Dogberryism) is the incorrect use of a word in place of a word with a similar sound, either unintentionally or for comedic effect, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. An example is the statement attributed to baseball player Yogi Berra, regarding switch hitters, "He hits from both sides of the plate. He's amphibious", with the accidental use of amphibious rather than the intended ambidextrous. Malapropisms often occur as errors in natural speech and are sometimes the subject of media attention, especially when made by politicians or other prominent individuals.
After Hegemony
After Hegemony (full title: After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy) is a book by Robert Keohane first published in 1984. It is a leading text in the liberal institutionalist international relations scholarship. The book challenges neorealist claims that meaningful international cooperation is not possible, as well as hegemonic stability theory claims that international cooperation is only possible under hegemony. The book applies insights from new institutional economics to international relations. The book shows how realist assumptions about actors and the international system can logically lead to the conclusion that meaningful cooperation is possible.

New institutional economics
New Institutional Economics (NIE) is an economic perspective that attempts to extend economics by focusing on the institutions (that is to say the social and legal norms and rules) that underlie economic activity and with analysis beyond earlier institutional economics and neoclassical economics.

The NIE assume that individuals are rational and that they seek to maximize their preferences, but that they also have cognitive limitations, lack complete information and have difficulties monitoring and enforcing agreements. As a result, institutions form in large part as an effective way to deal with transaction costs.

NIE rejects that the state is a neutral actor (rather, it can hinder or facilitate effective institutions), that there are zero transaction costs, and that actors have fixed preferences.
Joseph Prestwich
Sir Joseph Prestwich FRS FGS (12 March 1812 – 23 June 1896) was a British geologist and businessman, known as an expert on the Tertiary Period and for having confirmed the findings of Boucher de Perthes of ancient flint tools in the Somme valley gravel beds.

Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe, with more than 12,000 Fellows.

Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a registered charity, no. 210161
. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.

The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".