hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Winnipeg Statement
The Winnipeg Statement is the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops' statement on the papal encyclical Humanae vitae from a plenary assembly held at Saint Boniface in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Published on September 27, 1968, it is the Canadian bishops' document about rejecting Pope Paul VI's July 1968 encyclical on human life and the regulation of birth.

Humanae vitae
Humanae vitae (Latin, meaning 'Of Human Life') is an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI and dated 25 July 1968. The text was issued at a Vatican press conference on 29 July. Subtitled On the Regulation of Birth, it re-affirmed the teaching of the Catholic Church regarding married love, responsible parenthood, and the rejection of artificial contraception. In formulating his teaching he explained why he did not accept the conclusions of the Pontifical Commission on Birth Control established by his predecessor, Pope John XXIII, a commission he himself had expanded.

Mainly because of its restatement of the Church's opposition to artificial contraception, the encyclical was politically controversial. It dogmaticized a conservative interpretation of traditional Church moral teaching on the sanctity of life in the context of human intervention in fertility and the procreative and unitive nature of Catholic conjugal relations.

It was the last of Paul's seven encyclicals.
Lieutenant of the Admiralty
Lieutenant of the Admiralty was for several centuries an honorary office, generally held by a senior retired Royal Navy admiral. From 1672 it was held jointly with the office of Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom.

Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom
Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom is an honorary office, which has generally held by a senior (and often retired) Royal Navy admiral. The title holder is the official deputy to the Lord High Admiral, an honorary (although once operational) office which is (as of 2025) vested in the Sovereign.

In former days, the Vice-Admiral of England (or Vice-Admiral of Great Britain following the 1707 union with Scotland) was the second most powerful position in the Royal Navy. The post was for many years held jointly with that of Lieutenant of the Admiralty.

Below the office of Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom ranks the Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom, another now honorary office.
Selma, North Carolina
Selma is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2020 census, Selma had a population of 6,317. Selma is part of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary combined statistical area. The area has a population over 1.7 million residents, though the town of Selma is able to maintain its rural character. The Everitt P. Stevens House, located in Selma, was the site of the last Grand Review of the Confederate Army held on April 6, 1865, after its defeat at the Battle of Bentonville.

Johnston County, North Carolina
Johnston County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, its population was 215,999. Its county seat is Smithfield. Johnston County is included in the Raleigh-Cary, NC Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023.
Puka Qaqa
Puka Qaqa (Quechua puka red, qaqa rock, "red rock", Hispanicized spelling Pucaccacca) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) high. It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Puka Qaqa lies in the Pumarinri valley south of the Waywash mountain range and north of Millpu. The lakes named Quyllurqucha, Warmiqucha (Quechua for "woman lake", Huarmicocha) and Challwaqucha ("fish lake", Challhuacocha) lie at its feet.

Millpu (Cajatambo)
Millpu (Quechua for "throat, gullet", also spelled Millpo) is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about 5,300 metres (17,388 ft) high. It is situated south of the Huayhuash mountain range. Its main peak and the northern peak are located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District, south of Puka Qaqa and a lake named Quyllurqucha. The southern peak of Millpu lies at 10°29′5″S 76°51′9″W﻿ / ﻿10.48472°S 76.85250°W﻿ / -10.48472; -76.85250 on the border with the Oyon Province, Oyon District.
CIS at the Hopman Cup
The Commonwealth of Independent States (or CIS) is a regional organisation formed of former Soviet states that competed at the Hopman Cup in 1992. It reached the quarterfinal stage of the tournament.

Since 1992, four of the independent states which form the CIS have competed in the Hopman Cup individually. These are: Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Prior to 1992, they all competed as the Soviet Union.

Ukraine at the Hopman Cup
Ukraine is a nation that has competed at the Hopman Cup tournament on four occasions, the first being in 1993. In 1995 and 2016, Ukraine were the tournament runners-up and this remains their best showing to date. Before its dissolution, Ukraine used to form part of the Soviet Union which also competed at the Hopman Cup on two occasions in the early 1990s. Additionally, Ukraine is a member of the CIS which entered a CIS team into the 1992 event.
Ngāruawāhia railway station
Ngāruawāhia railway station was at the junction of the North Island Main Trunk line and its Glen Massey branch, serving Ngāruawāhia in the Waikato District of New Zealand, 74 mi (119 km) south of Auckland and 10 mi (16 km) north of Hamilton. It was opened with a special train from Auckland on Monday 13 August 1877. The next stations were Taupiri 6.5 km (4.0 mi) to the north and Horotiu 5.5 km (3.4 mi) to the south.

In 2020 reopening of the remaining platform was put forward as a scheme to help the region recover from the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, estimated to cost $15m.

Ngāruawāhia
Ngāruawāhia (Māori pronunciation: [ŋaːɾʉaˈwaːhia] ⓘ) is a town in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-west of Hamilton at the confluence of the Waikato and Waipā Rivers, adjacent to the Hakarimata Range. Ngāruawāhia is in the Hamilton Urban Area, the fourth largest urban area in New Zealand. The location was once considered as a potential capital of New Zealand.
Wendover (Hyden, Kentucky)
Wendover, also known as Frontier Nursing Service or Big House, is a historic house and former medical care facility near Hyden, Kentucky.  Built in 1925, it is notable for its association with the American effort to professionalize midwifery, led by Mary Breckinridge (1881–1965).  It was headquarters of the Frontier Nursing Service, an organization which continues today.  Wendover was named a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1991 for this role.   It now serves as a bed and breakfast inn and retreat operated by the Service's successor, Frontier Nursing University.

Frontier Nursing University
Frontier Nursing University is a private graduate school of nursing in Versailles, Kentucky. It was established by the Frontier Nursing Service in 1939 as the Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing.
Matt Edmondson
Matthew Edmondson (born 27 December 1985) is a British television and Sony Award-nominated radio presenter, best known for his work with BBC Radio 1 and ITV2.

Edmondson currently presents the weekday afternoon show on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays from 1 pm to 3:30 pm with Mollie King on Radio 1. In 2016, he co-presented The Xtra Factor alongside Rylan Clark on ITV2.

Rylan Clark
Ross Richard Clark (born 25 October 1988), known professionally as Rylan Clark or simply Rylan, is an English broadcaster and television personality. He came to prominence as a contestant on the ninth series of the talent show The X Factor in 2012, in which he finished in fifth place. The following year, he appeared on the eleventh series of the reality show Celebrity Big Brother, which he won.

Clark went on to present various television shows, including Big Brother's Bit on the Side (2013–2018), This Morning (2013–2019, 2022–present), The Xtra Factor (2016), Up Late with Rylan (2016), Supermarket Sweep (2019–2020), Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two (2019–2022), Ready Steady Cook (2020–2021) and You Are What You Wear (2020). Since 2018, he has served as a semi-final co-commentator of the Eurovision Song Contest and has presented various shows on BBC Radio 2.
John James Snodgrass
John James Snodgrass (22 October 1796 – 14 January 1841), was a British military officer, aide-de-camp and son-in-law to Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet and author.  He fought in the Battle of Waterloo.  The last seven years of his life were spent in Halifax, Nova Scotia where he died and is buried in the Old Burying Ground (Halifax, Nova Scotia).

Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet
Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Baronet, GCB (12 March 1769 – 6 October 1843) was a British army officer.  From 1824 to 1826, Gen. Campbell commanded the British forces in the First Anglo-Burmese War, the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history, that gave the British control of Assam, Manipur, Cachar, Jaintia, Arakan and Tenasserim. He became known as the "Hero of Ava". From 1831 to 1837, he was the administrator of the colony of New Brunswick, Canada.  The Canadian city of Campbellton in the province of New Brunswick was named in his honour.
Disraeli, Quebec (parish)
The parish of Disraeli is located in the Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec, Canada. It had a population of 1,163 in the Canada 2021 Census.

It was named after British statesman and writer Benjamin Disraeli.

The city of Disraeli forms an enclave in the territory of the parish of Disraeli and the two are separate legal entities.

Disraeli, Quebec (city)
The city of Disraeli is located in the Municipalité régionale de comté des Appalaches in Quebec, Canada. It is part of the Chaudière-Appalaches region and the population is 2,570 as of 2009. It was named after British statesman and writer Benjamin Disraeli.

The city of Disraeli forms an enclave in the territory of the parish of Disraeli and the two are separate legal entities.
L'affiche rouge
"L'Affiche rouge" is a song from the album Les Chansons d'Aragon (1961) by Léo Ferré. Its lyrics are based on the poem "Strophes pour se souvenir" ("Strophes to remember") which Louis Aragon wrote in 1955 for the inauguration of a street in the 20th arrondissement in Paris, named "rue du Groupe Manouchian" in honor of 23 members of the FTP-MOI executed by the Nazis in the Mont-Valérien. The affair became known by the name of the Affiche rouge ("Red Poster") because the Germans plastered Paris in the spring of 1944 with thousands of red posters denouncing those executed as immigrants and Resistants.

The poem paraphrases Missak Manouchian's last letter to his wife.

Missak Manouchian
Missak Manouchian (Armenian: Միսաք Մանուշեան; pronounced [misɑkʰ manuʃjɑn], 1 September 1909 – 21 February 1944) was an Armenian poet and communist activist. A survivor of the 1915–1916 Armenian genocide, he moved to France from an orphanage in Lebanon in 1925. He was active in communist Armenian literary circles. During World War II, he became the military commissioner of FTP-MOI, a group consisting of European immigrants, including many Jews, in the Paris Region which carried out assassinations and bombings of Nazi targets. According to one author, the Manouchian group was the most active one of the French Resistance. Manouchian and many of his comrades were arrested in November 1943 and executed by the Nazis at Fort Mont-Valérien on 21 February 1944. He is considered a hero of the French Resistance and was entombed in the Panthéon in Paris.
A-train (Texas)
The A-train is a hybrid rail service in Denton County, Texas, United States. The line is operated by Rio Grande Pacific under contract to the Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA) on a rail line leased from Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART).

The 21-mile (34 km) line runs parallel to Interstate 35E between Denton and Carrollton. It acts as an extension of the DART rail system's Green Line, which connects Carrollton to Dallas Love Field, Downtown Dallas, and Fair Park. The line opened on June 20, 2011.

In 2025, the line had a ridership of 273,000, or about 1,100 per weekday as of the fourth quarter of 2025. It is the fourth-busiest commuter rail line in Texas and the twenty-ninth busiest in the United States.

Denton County Transportation Authority
The Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA) is the transit authority that operates in Denton County, Texas. It operates transit service in three cities within Denton County, as well as the A-train, a regional commuter rail line to Carrollton. In 2024, the system had a ridership of 2,847,500, or about 7,700 per weekday as of the second quarter of 2025.
Magomed Nurbagandov
Magomed Nurbagandovich Nurbagandov (Russian: Магомед Нурбагандович Нурбагандов, January 9, 1985 — 10 July 2016) was an employee of the Private Security of the Russian Guard for the city of Kaspiysk in the National Guard with the rank of police lieutenant. He was awarded the Hero of Russia posthumously in 2016. He is also the author of the phrase "Work, brothers!", which became a common catchphrase in Russia.

Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (Russian: Герой Российской Федерации, romanized: Geroy Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]), also unofficially called Hero of Russia (Russian: Герой России, romanized: Geroy Rossii, Russian pronunciation: [ɡʲɪˈroj rɐˈsʲiɪ]), is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. The title has a Gold Star medal, an insignia of honour that identifies recipients.

The title is awarded to persons for "service to the Russian state and nation, usually connected with a heroic feat of valour". The title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory.

The title was established in 1992 and, as of 2015, was awarded more than 970 times, of which more than 440 were posthumously.
RFactor 2
rFactor 2 is a computer racing simulator developed by Image Space Incorporated (taken over by Studio 397 in 2016) and released for Windows in 2013. Like its predecessor rFactor, rFactor2 is designed to be modified and used by professional racing teams for driver training and race car development. Much of its source code is derived from rFactor Pro, which is also used by professional racers and most of the Formula One teams and NASCAR manufacturers.

rFactor 2 is designed to simulate any type of multi-wheeled vehicle of any era, including four-wheeled and six-wheeled vehicles with either two or four steered wheels. It features advanced physics, suspension, and tire model.

RFactor
rFactor is a computer racing simulator designed for hardcore simulation racers. rFactor claimed to be the most accurate race simulator of its time. Released in August 2005, it competed with games like NASCAR Racing 2003 Season, Live for Speed, and GTR. The game featured many technical advances in tire modeling, complex aerodynamics and a 15 degrees of freedom physics engine. It also featured multiplayer.

rFactor was developed by Image Space Incorporated (ISI), which has been developing simulators since the early 1990s for both commercial and military purposes. The isiMotor2 on which the game is based is a direct successor to the engine used in previous titles developed by ISI, most notably F1 Challenge '99–'02, released through EA Sports. The isiMotor2 engine was also used in many other simulation games, and in rFpro. The game was made without ISI's longtime publishing partner at the time of EA Sports, and featured exclusively custom tracks rather than licensing real ones.
Aragon Offensive
The Aragon Offensive was an important military campaign during the Spanish Civil War, which began after the Battle of Teruel. The offensive, which ran from March 7, 1938, to April 19, 1938, smashed the Republican forces, overran Aragon, and conquered parts of Catalonia and the Levante.

Battle of Teruel
The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years. The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties.

With his superiority in men and material, the Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war.
HAŠK
HAŠK (full name Hrvatski akademski športski klub, English: Croatian Academic Sports Club) was a Croatian football club established in Zagreb in 1903. The club was one of the most successful sides in Zagreb and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the period between the two World Wars. The club operated until 1945, when it was disbanded by a decree of the communist authorities.

Today, the sports society HAŠK Mladost is considered the successor of HAŠK, with the exception of the football section, whose successor is NK HAŠK 1903.

NK HAŠK
NK HAŠK 1903 Zagreb is a Croatian football club from Zagreb that currently competes in the Third Football League – Center (3. NL – Centar). The club plays its home matches at the Donje Svetice ground in the Peščenica district of Zagreb. It was founded on November 23, 1990, as a continuation of the football section of the former HAŠK, which was abolished by decree of the communist authorities on June 4, 1945.
York Lions Stadium
43°46′30″N 79°30′25″W﻿ / ﻿43.775°N 79.507°W﻿ / 43.775; -79.507

York Lions Stadium is an outdoor sports stadium on the Keele Campus of Toronto's York University in the former city of North York. It is home to the York Lions, the varsity teams of York University, the Toronto Arrows of Major League Rugby and Inter Toronto of the Canadian Premier League. The facility was primarily built for the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games, where it hosted track and field events and the opening ceremony. In 2021, the stadium's running track was removed to expand the playing surface used for football and soccer.

Inter Toronto FC
Inter Toronto Football Club (formerly known as York United FC and York9 FC) is a Canadian professional soccer club based in Toronto, Ontario. The club competes in the Canadian Premier League and plays its home games at York Lions Stadium in Toronto.
Óscar Rivas
Óscar Andres Rivas Torres (born 6 June 1987) is a Colombian professional boxer. He held the WBC bridgerweight title from 2021 to 2023. He also challenged for the vacant WBC interim heavyweight title in 2019, and previously held the IBF International, WBC-NABF and WBO-NABO heavyweight titles. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games.

Bridgerweight
Bridgerweight, also known as super cruiserweight, is a weight class in professional boxing used by the World Boxing Council (WBC) since 2020 and the World Boxing Association (WBA) since 2023. The division is for boxers weighing between 200 pounds (91 kg; 14 st 4 lb) and 224 pounds (102 kg; 16 st 0 lb). The weight is named after six-year-old American Bridger Walker, who saved his four-year-old sister from a stray dog in July 2020.
General Police Corps
The General Police Corps (Spanish: Cuerpo General de Policía, CGP) was a law enforcement force of Spain established by the Francoist regime in 1941 to conduct criminal investigation and enforce political repression. They should not be confused with the Armed Police Corps, which was responsible for the maintenance of public order.

Armed Police Corps
The Armed Police (Spanish: Policía Armada), conventional long names Cuerpo de Policía Armada y de Tráfico, 'Armed and Traffic Police Corps') and Fuerzas de Policía Armada, 'Armed Police Forces'), —popularly known as los grises, 'the grey ones') owing to the color of their uniforms— was an armed urban police force of Spain established by the Francoist regime in 1939 to enforce the repression of all opposition to the regime. Its mission was "total and permanent vigilance, as well as repression when deemed necessary."

The first commander of the Policía Armada was General Antonio Sagardía Ramos. In its first years of operation the corps was inadequately equipped in armament and vehicles but this situation would be steadily straightened out.: 74
Type 92 10 cm cannon
The Type 92 10 cm cannon (九二式十糎加農砲, Kyūni-shiki Jyū-senchi Kannohō) (105 mm) was a field gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. The Type 92 number was designated for the year the gun was accepted, 2592 in the Japanese imperial year calendar, or 1932 in the Gregorian calendar. The Type 92 cannon was intended to supersede the Type 14 10 cm cannon in front-line combat service. Like the Type 90 7.5 cm field gun and the Type 96 15 cm howitzer, the French company Schneider aided with the design. The Type 92 10cm cannon proved to be a modern and capable design, with its faults including a lack of provision for high-speed towing and weakness in the sealing of the recoil system in the early models.

Type 14 10 cm cannon
The Type 14 10 cm cannon (十四式十糎加農砲, Jyūyon-shiki Kanōhō) was the first medium caliber cannon totally of Japanese design and the first with a split trail carriage. The Type 14 designation was given to this gun as it was accepted in the 14th year of Emperor Taishō's reign (1925). It was used by the Imperial Japanese Army but was not considered successful and was replaced by the Type 92 10 cm cannon.
Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway
Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway, also known as the Zhuji intercity railway, is a regional railway in Zhuhai. The Phase 1 runs from Zhuhai railway station to Zhuhai Changlong railway station, while Phase 2 terminates at Zhuhai Jinwan Airport. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group. The railway is an extension of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway.

The construction of the railway will be split into two stages: Phase 1 from Zhuhai to Zhuhai Changlong. Phase 1 started operation on 18 August 2020 (except Wanzai). Phase 2 from Zhuhai Changlong to Zhuhai Airport started operation on 3 February 2024 (except Hezhou South).

Zhuhai railway station
Zhuhai railway station (Chinese: 珠海站; pinyin: Zhūhǎi Zhàn), also known as Gongbei station (拱北站), is an elevated station of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway (Guangzhu ICR). It is located in the Gongbei Subdistrict (jiedao) of Xiangzhou in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China, beside the Gongbei Port and parallel to the border between mainland China and Macau. The station is the southern terminus of the Guangzhou–Zhuhai intercity railway and the northern terminus of the Zhuhai–Zhuhai Airport intercity railway.
Senior Dialogue
The U.S.-China Senior Dialogue (also known as the China-U.S. Strategic Dialogue) was a regular, high-level strategic dialogue between the United States and the People's Republic of China. The Senior Dialogue has been upgraded to the strategic track of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue in the Obama administration and will be headed by Hillary Clinton and Dai Bingguo.

U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue
The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) (simplified Chinese: 中美战略与经济对话; traditional Chinese: 中美戰略與經濟對話; pinyin: Zhōng Měi zhànlüè yǔ jīngjì duìhuà) was a high-level dialogue for the United States and China to discuss a wide range of regional and global strategic and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1, 2009, by U.S. President Barack Obama and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former Senior Dialogue and Strategic Economic Dialogue started under the George W. Bush administration.: 288  High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations met annually alternating between the two countries' capitals.

The S&ED was renamed the Comprehensive Economic Dialogue in June 2017. The Trump administration terminated the dialogue that year.