hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Sail batten
On sailboats, a sail batten is a flexible insert in a sail, parallel to the direction of wind flow, that helps shape its qualities as an airfoil. Battens are long, thin strips of material, historically wooden but today usually fiberglass, vinyl, or carbon fiber, used to support the roach of a sail. They are also used on tall ships to form the ladders up the shrouds in a fashion similar to ratlines.

Sail components
Sail components include the features that define a sail's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may be classified in a variety of ways, including by its orientation to the vessel (e.g. fore-and-aft) and its shape, (e.g. (a)symmetrical, triangular, quadrilateral, etc.). Sails are typically constructed out of flexible material that is shaped by various means, while in use, to offer an appropriate airfoil, according to the strength and apparent direction of the wind. A variety of features and fittings allow the sail to be attached to lines and spars.

Whereas conventional sails form an airfoil with one layer of fabric, wingsails comprise a structure that has material on both sides to form an airfoil—much like a wing placed vertically on the vessel—and are beyond the scope of this article.
Haymarket, London
Haymarket is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster. It runs from Piccadilly Circus in the north to Pall Mall at the southern end. Located on the street are the Theatre Royal, His Majesty's Theatre, New Zealand House, a cinema complex and restaurants.

St James's
St James's is a district of Westminster, and a central district in the City of Westminster, London, forming part of the West End. The area was once part of the northwestern gardens and parks of St. James's Palace and much of it is still owned by the Crown Estate.  During the Restoration in the 17th century, the area was developed as a residential location for the British aristocracy, and around the 19th century was the focus of the development of their gentlemen's clubs. Once part of the parish of St Martin in the Fields, much of it formed the parish of St James from 1685 to 1922. Since the Second World War the area has transitioned from residential to commercial use.

St James's is bounded to the north by Piccadilly and Mayfair, to the west by Green Park, to the south by The Mall and St. James's Park, and to the east by Haymarket.
Virginia Cavaliers baseball
The Virginia Cavaliers baseball team represents the University of Virginia in NCAA Division I college baseball.  Established in 1889, the team participates in the Coastal division of the Atlantic Coast Conference and plays its home games at Davenport Field at Disharoon Park.  The team's head coach is Chris Pollard. The team has reached the College World Series seven times, most recently in 2024, and won the national championship in 2015.

Davenport Field at Disharoon Park
Davenport Field at Disharoon Park is a baseball stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. It is the home field of the University of Virginia Cavaliers college baseball team. The stadium has a capacity of 5,919 and opened in 2002. The field is named after former Virginia Student Aid Foundation executive director Ted Davenport, and the stadium is named after Leslie and Ann Disharoon.
Omicron Delta Kappa
Omicron Delta Kappa (ΟΔΚ), also known as The Circle and ODK, is an American collegiate honor society that recognizes leadership and scholarship. It was founded in 1914, at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia and has chartered more than 400 chapters or circles. To be selected as a member of ΟΔΚ, students must be among the top 35 percent of all students at that particular institution and hold a leadership role in one of the society's five areas of recognition. Omicron Delta Kappa is a member of the Honor Society Caucus, along with Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, and Sigma Xi.

Sigma Xi
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society (ΣΞ) is an international non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a faculty member and graduate students in 1886 and is one of the oldest honor societies. Membership in Sigma Xi is by invitation only, where members nominate others on the basis of their research achievements or potential. The society was a founding member of the Association of College Honor Societies in 1925, but withdrew in 1933 and, much later, helped form the Honor Society Caucus.
Trams in Kryvyi Rih
The Kryvyi Rih tramway network is part of the public transport system of Kryvyi Rih, city in Ukraine. The tram network serves as the backbone of the transit system, serving both under the name of the "Kryvyi Rih Rapid Tram" municipal corporation.

In operation since 1935, the Kryvyi Rih tram network is one of world's largest tram networks, operating on 88.1 kilometres of total route. As of 2014, it was composed of 13 lines. The system is operated by the Kryvyi Rih City Council under the supervision of the city community.

On May 1, 2021, Kryvyi Rih became the first city in Ukraine to introduce free travel in public transport for its citizens. In order not to pay for municipal transport one must show a special electronic "Kryvyi Rih Citier Card".

On April 27, 2022, free travel in Kryvyi Rih became available to all the tram, bus, trolleybus and the Metro passengers.

Kryvyi Rih Metrotram
The Kryvyi Rih Metrotram (colloquially: Kryvyi Rih Metro), officially the Kryvyi Rih Rapid Tram (Ukrainian: Криворізький швидкісний трамвай, romanized: Kryvorizkyi shvydkisnyi tramvai) is a partially underground rapid transit light rail system that serves the city of Kryvyi Rih, the seventh-largest city in Ukraine. Similar systems in other parts of Europe are known as pre-metro or Stadtbahn.
Pennsylvania Route 428
Pennsylvania Route 428 (PA 428) is a 19-mile-long (31 km) state highway located in Venango and Crawford counties in Pennsylvania.  The southern terminus is at U.S. Route 62 (US 62) and PA 8 in Oil City.  The northern terminus is at PA 408 in Troy Township.

Pennsylvania Route 408
Pennsylvania Route 408 (PA 408) is a 24.2-mile-long (38.9 km) state highway located in Crawford County, Pennsylvania.  The western terminus is at US 6/US 19/PA 86 in Cambridge Springs.  The eastern terminus is at PA 8 in Hydetown.
Thamoddarit
Thamoddarit (Burmese: သမုဒ္ဒရာဇ် pronounced [θəmoʊʔdəɹiʔ]; Pali: Samuddarāja; 76 – 152) was the legendary founder of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who supposedly reigned from 107 to 152 CE. He was proclaimed as the founder of Pagan for the first time by Hmannan Yazawin, the Royal Chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty in 1832. The introduction of Thamoddarit, whose lineage Hmannan traces to the Sakya clan of the Buddha as the founder of Pagan, was part of the early Konbaung kings' efforts to move away from then prevailing pre-Buddhist origin narrative of the monarchy. Burmese chronicles down to the 18th century had traced to another legendary figure Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess.

Pyusawhti
Pyusawhti (Burmese: ပျူစောထီး , pronounced [pjù sɔ́ tʰí]; also Pyuminhti, ပျူမင်းထီး [pjù mɪ́ɴ tʰí]) was a legendary king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who according to the Burmese chronicles supposedly reigned from 167 to 242 CE. The chronicles down to the 18th century had reported that Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess, was the founder of Pagan—hence, Burmese monarchy. However Hmannan Yazawin, the Royal Chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty proclaimed in 1832 that he was actually a scion of Tagaung Kingdom and traced his lineage all the way to Maha Sammata, the first king of the world in Buddhist mythology.

Scholarship conjectures that Pyusawhti the historical figure likely existed in the mid-to-late 8th century, who perhaps came over from the Nanzhao Kingdom as part of the Nanzhao raids of the Irrawaddy valley during the period.
John Leland Webb
John Leland Webb (February 25, 1794 – October 17, 1846) was an American contractor and Democratic politician in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.  He was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives during the 1846 session and died in office.  He previously served as sheriff of Bradford County.

Four of Webb's sons became prominent politicians:  James in Pennsylvania, William and Henry in Wisconsin and Kansas, and Charles in Wisconsin.

Henry G. Webb
Henry Greenleaf Webb (January 24, 1826 – August 28, 1910) was an American lawyer, politician, and pioneer of Wisconsin and Kansas.  He was a member of the Wisconsin Senate, Wisconsin State Assembly, and Kansas House of Representatives.  He also served as a Kansas district court judge.  For most of his career he was affiliated with the Republican Party, but at various times ran as a Democrat or Populist.  In historical documents his name was often abbreviated as H. G. Webb.

His brothers, James H. Webb, William C. Webb, and Charles M. Webb, were also prominent lawyers and politicians.  Their father, John Leland Webb, was a politician in Pennsylvania.
Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Special Jury Prize is an official award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 2013. It is considered the third most prestigious prize at the festival, the runner-up to both the main award Golden Lion and the second place award Grand Jury Prize.

Philip Gröning was the first winner for The Police Officer's Wife in 2013.

Grand Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)
The Grand Jury Prize is an award given at the Venice Film Festival to one of the feature films in competition slate since 1951. It is considered the second place award next to the main award, the Golden Lion.

Since 2016, the official name of the award has been simply the Grand Jury Prize. It has had several other names since its creation in 1951: Special Jury Prize, awarded from 1951 to 1982, and from 2006 to 2012,  and Grand Special Jury Prize, awarded from 1983 to 2005, and from 2013 to 2015.

Elia Kazan was the first winner for A Streetcar Named Desire in 1951. Kaouther Ben Hania is the most recent winner for The Voice of Hind Rajab in 2025.
Marshall Goldberg
Marshall "Biggie" Goldberg (October 24, 1917 – April 3, 2006) was an American professional football back and return specialist who played for the Chicago Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football as a halfback and fullback for the Pittsburgh Panthers. At Pittsburgh, Goldberg was twice recognized as a consensus All-American, and played on two national championship teams under head coach Jock Sutherland. Goldberg played for the Cardinals for eight seasons from 1939 to 1948, with an interruption during World War II, and was a four-time All-Pro. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1958.

Jock Sutherland
John Bain Sutherland (March 21, 1889 – April 11, 1948) was a Scottish-American football player and coach.  He coached college football at Lafayette College (1919–1923) and the University of Pittsburgh (1924–1938) and professional football for the Brooklyn Dodgers (1940–1941) and Pittsburgh Steelers (1946–1947). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951.
Louisiana Highway 122
Louisiana Highway 122 (LA 122) is a state highway located in Grant Parish, Louisiana.  It runs 26.10 miles (42.00 km) in an east–west direction from the junction of U.S. Highway 71 (US 71) and LA 1239-1 in Montgomery to LA 123 in Dry Prong.

The highway traverses a thickly forested area between the town of Montgomery and the village of Dry Prong, two small municipalities in Grant Parish, located in the central portion of the state.  Along its route, LA 122 passes through the small rural communities of Hargis, Verda, and Faircloth.  The eastern portion of the route between Lake Iatt and Dry Prong is largely located within the Kisatchie National Forest.

Louisiana Highway 123
Louisiana Highway 123 (LA 123) is a state highway located in Grant Parish, Louisiana.  It runs 15.95 miles (25.67 km) in a southwest to northeast direction from LA 8 east of Colfax to US 165 east of Breezy Hill.  The signage for LA 123 carries east–west directional banners unlike most odd numbered state highways in the primary range, which are bannered north–south.

The highway traverses a thickly forested area located almost entirely within the Kisatchie National Forest.  About midway along its route, LA 123 passes through the village of Dry Prong, located on US 167.  LA 123 comes close to intersecting a third U.S. route, as its western terminus is located less than four miles (6.4 km) from US 71 near the town of Colfax, the seat of Grant Parish.  US 71, US 165, and US 167 all diverge northward out of Alexandria, the principal city of central Louisiana, located in neighboring Rapides Parish.
World Touring Car Cup
The FIA World Touring Car Cup (abbreviated to WTCR, referring to the use of TCR regulations) was an international touring car championship promoted by Eurosport Events and sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). It has had different incarnation of a World Touring Car Cup held between 1993 and 1995. Following the 2017 season, an agreement was reached for the World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) to become WTCR and use the TCR technical regulations. As factory teams were not allowed to compete in WTCR, the series lost the 'World Championship' status of the WTCC, instead becoming a 'Cup'.

TCR Touring Car
A TCR Touring Car is a touring car specification first introduced in 2014; it is now employed by a multitude of series worldwide. All TCR Touring Cars are front wheel drive cars based on 4- or 5-door production vehicles, and are powered by 1.75 to 2.0 litre turbocharged engines. While the bodyshell and suspension layout of the production vehicle is retained in a TCR car, and many models use a production gearbox, certain accommodations are made for the stresses of the racetrack including upgraded brakes and aerodynamics. Competition vehicles are subject to balance of performance (BoP) adjustments to ensure close racing between different vehicles.
Tetragonal crystal system
In crystallography, the tetragonal crystal system  is one of the seven crystal systems. Tetragonal crystal lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along one of its lattice vectors, so that the cube becomes a rectangular prism with a square base (a by a) and height (c, which is different from a).

Crystal system
In crystallography, a crystal system is a set of point groups (a group of geometric symmetries with at least one fixed point). A lattice system is a set of Bravais lattices (an infinite array of discrete points). Space groups (symmetry groups of a configuration in space) are classified into crystal systems according to their point groups, and into lattice systems according to their Bravais lattices. Crystal systems that have space groups assigned to a common lattice system are combined into a crystal family.

The seven crystal systems are triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal, and cubic. Informally, two crystals are in the same crystal system if they have similar symmetries (though there are many exceptions).
30th Punjabis
The 30th Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. It was raised in 1857, as the 22nd Regiment of Punjab Infantry. It was designated as the 30th Punjabis in 1903 and became 1st Battalion 16th Punjab Regiment in 1922. In 1947, it was allocated to the Pakistan Army, where it continues to exist as 13th Battalion The Punjab Regiment.

16th Punjab Regiment
The 16th Punjab Regiment was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army from 1922 to 1947. Upon the Partition of India, it was transferred to the newly-raised Pakistan Army. It ceased to exist in this form in 1956, when it was amalgamated with the 1st, 14th and 15th Punjab regiments to form the Punjab Regiment, an existing infantry regiment of the Pakistan Army.
2023 Jeddah Formula 2 round
The 2023 Jeddah FIA Formula 2 round was a motor racing event held between 17 and 19 March 2023 at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit. It was the second round of the 2023 FIA Formula 2 Championship and was held in support of the 2023 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.

2023 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix
The 2023 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 STC Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2023) was a Formula One motor race that was held on 19 March 2023 at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was the second round of the 2023 Formula One World Championship.

Red Bull Racing driver Sergio Pérez took his second career pole position, and won the race ahead of his teammate Max Verstappen in second and Fernando Alonso in third.
Marine Aircraft Group 11
Marine Aircraft Group 11 is a United States Marine Corps aviation unit based at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar that is currently composed of two F-35C squadrons, one F-35B squadron, two F/A-18C squadrons, one fleet replacement squadron, one KC-130J tactical aerial refueling squadron, a maintenance and logistics squadron, and a wing support squadron. They fall under the command of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing and the I Marine Expeditionary Force.

3rd Marine Aircraft Wing
The 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing (abbreviated as 3rd MAW) is the major west coast aviation unit of the United States Marine Corps. It is headquartered at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, in San Diego, California, and provides the aviation combat element for I Marine Expeditionary Force.  The wing is made up of a headquarters squadron, four flying groups, an aviation command and control group and an aviation engineering group.
Pi Mensae b
Pi Mensae b (π Men b, π Mensae b), also known as HD 39091 b, is an extrasolar planet approximately 60 light-years away in the constellation of Mensa.  The planet was announced orbiting the yellow main-sequence star Pi Mensae in October 2001.

Pi Mensae
Pi Mensae (π Men), also known as HD 39091, is a G-dwarf star in the constellation of Mensa. This star has a high proper motion. The apparent magnitude is 5.67, which can be visible to the naked eye in exceptionally dark, clear skies. It is nearly 60 light-years away. The star is slightly larger than the Sun in terms of mass, size, luminosity, temperature and metallicity, and is about 730 million years younger. It hosts three known planets.
Midwolda
Midwolda (Dutch pronunciation: [mɪtˈʋɔldaː]) is a village in the Dutch province of Groningen. It is located in the municipality of Oldambt, about 7 km northwest of Winschoten.

Midwolda was a separate municipality until 1990, when it was merged with Scheemda.

Scheemda
Scheemda (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈsxeːmdaː] ⓘ) is a village with a population of 5,085 in the municipality of Oldambt in the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Scheemda was a separate municipality until 2010, when it merged with Reiderland and Winschoten to form the municipality of Oldambt.
Pierre Méchain
Pierre François André Méchain (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ fʁɑ̃swa ɑ̃dʁe meʃɛ̃]; 16 August 1744 – 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.

Charles Messier
Charles Messier (French: [ʃaʁl me.sje]; 26 June 1730 – 12 April 1817) was a French astronomer. He published an astronomical catalogue consisting of 110 nebulae and star clusters, which came to be known as the Messier objects, referred to with the letter M and their number between 1 and 110. Messier's purpose for the catalogue was to help astronomical observers distinguish between permanent and transient visually diffuse objects in the sky.
Men's European Volleyball Championship
The Men's European Volleyball Championship (EuroVolley) is the official competition for senior men's national volleyball teams of Europe, organized by the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV). The initial gap between championships was variable, but since 1975 they have been awarded every two years. The current champion is Poland, which won its second title at the 2023 tournament.

2023 Men's European Volleyball Championship
The 2023 Men's European Volleyball Championship was the 33rd edition of the Men's European Volleyball Championship, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, CEV. For the third time, the championship was held in four countries: Italy, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Israel. The top three teams of the tournament qualified for the 2025 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship as the CEV representatives, except Italy who had already qualified as the defending world champions.

Poland won their second title after defeating hosts Italy 3–0 in the final. Wilfredo León was chosen as the MVP of the tournament.
Khanda (Sikh symbol)
The Khanda (Punjabi: ਖੰਡਾ, romanized: khaṇḍā) is the symbol of Sikhi (also known as Sikhism). It can be found on Sikh flags, decorating them in the middle. It attained its current form around the 1930s during the Ghadar Movement.

Nishan Sahib
The Nishan Sahib (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ, lit. 'respected ensign'), also known as the Sikh flag, is used to represent the Sikh people worldwide. Gurdwaras and other Sikh religious spaces are usually marked with a tall flag.

In 1936, the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ratified the Sikh Rehet Maryada, which states its colour as either basanti (xanthic) or surmai (navy blue). It is a triangular flag with a Khanda in its centre, made of cotton or silk cloth, and has a tassel at its end.

The most common form of the Nishan Sahib, used in gurdwaras around the world, features a saffron (orange) colour. The Akal Takht decided on 15 July 2024, in accordance with the Sikh Rehat Maryada, that only basanti or surmai colours are acceptable, while kesri (saffron) is not. The Khanda symbol decorates the flag.

A Sikh standard is known as a Jhanda Sahib, a synonymous term with Nishan Sahib.
Apennine culture
The Apennine culture is a technology complex in central and southern Italy from the Italian Middle Bronze Age (15th–14th centuries BC). In the mid-20th century the Apennine was divided into Proto-, Early, Middle and Late sub- phases, but now archaeologists prefer to consider as "Apennine" only the ornamental pottery style of the later phase of Middle Bronze Age (BM3). This phase is preceded by the Grotta Nuova facies (central Italy) and by the Protoapennine B facies (southern Italy) and succeeded by the Subapennine facies of 13th-century ("Bronzo Recente"). Apennine pottery is a burnished ware incised with spirals, meanders and geometrical zones, filled with dots or transverse dashes. It has been found on Ischia island in association with LHII and LHIII pottery and on Lipari in association with LHIIIA pottery, which associations date it to the Late Bronze Age as it is defined in Greece and the Aegean.

Prehistoric Italy
The prehistory of Italy began in the Paleolithic period, when members of the genus Homo first inhabited what is now modern Italian territory, and ended in the Iron Age, when the first written records appeared in Italy.