hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Hina Bokhari
Hina Bokhari (born 10 August 1975) is a British politician and educator. A member of the Liberal Democrats, Bokhari has served as a Member of the London Assembly since the 2021 election.

In May 2024, she was elected to serve as Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the London Assembly, making her the first British Asian to lead a party group in the assembly.

London Assembly
The London Assembly is a 25-member elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds supermajority, to amend the mayor's annual budget and to reject the mayor's draft statutory strategies. The London Assembly was established in 2000. It is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners, publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the mayor.
Muhyiddin of Brunei
Muhyiddin ibni Abdul Jalilul Akbar (Jawi: محيي الدين ابن عبد الجليل الأكبر‎; reign 1673–1690) was the 15th Sultan of Brunei and the fourth son of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. He took the throne after defeating his opponent, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin during the Brunei Civil War. Notably, he also attempted to return the throne back to the origin bloodline via Sultan Muhammad Ali's family.

Abdul Hakkul Mubin
Abdul Hakkul Mubin ibni Muhammad Panjang (died c. 1673), posthumously known as Al-Marhum di Pulau, was the Sultan of Brunei from 1661 to 1673. He was involved in the Brunei Civil War and ruled the sultanate from 1661 to 1673, after killing his uncle, Sultan Muhammad Ali.
Muhammad bin Tughluq (1971 film)
Muhammad bin Tughluq is a 1971 Indian Tamil-language political satire film written and directed by Cho Ramaswamy, in his directorial debut. It is based on his play of the same name. Cho stars as the title character, with R. Neelakantan, S. Rajagopal, Veerasamy, Peeli Sivam, Manorama, Sukumari and G. Sakunthala in supporting roles. The film revolves around Tughluq, a fourteenth century sultan, waking up in 1971 and rising through the ranks in Indian politics.

Muhammad bin Tughluq was released on 5 March 1971. Though the film became controversial like the source play, it was a commercial success and became a trendsetter for socio-political satire films in Tamil cinema. The film was remade in Telugu with the same title the following year.

Cho Ramaswamy
Srinivasa Iyer Ramaswamy, better known as Cho Ramaswamy (5 October 1934 – 7 December 2016), was an Indian actor, comedian, editor, political commentator, satirist, playwright, film director and lawyer from Tamil Nadu. He was a popular comedian in the 1960s and 1970s, and had acted with all the top stars in that period.
Uatu
Uatu (/ˈwɑːtuː/), often simply known as the Watcher, is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in The Fantastic Four #13 (April 1963). He is a member of the Watchers, an extraterrestrial species who in the distant past stationed themselves across space to monitor the activities of other species. Uatu is the Watcher assigned to observe Earth and its Solar System.

The character has been adapted into other media, such as video games, toys, and television. Jeffrey Wright voiced Uatu in the Marvel Cinematic Universe animated series What If...? (2021–2024) on Disney+.

Watcher (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
Uatu, also known as the Watcher, is a character voiced by Jeffrey Wright, appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. He is a member of the Watchers race, and observes the branching timelines of the multiverse in What If...? (2021), initially pledging not to interfere with events, but eventually breaking his pledge and siding with heroic characters of various universes against destructive forces. The Watcher serves as the narrator for the series.

As of 2025, the character has appeared in seven projects: the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021–2024), I Am Groot (2023), and had non-speaking cameos in the animated series X-Men '97 (2024–present), Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (2025–present), Eyes of Wakanda (2025), and Marvel Zombies (2025); and the mixed reality experience What If...? – An Immersive Story (2024).
6-phosphogluconolactonase
6-Phosphogluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.31, 6PGL, PGLS, systematic name 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a cytosolic enzyme found in all organisms that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway:

6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O = 6-phospho-D-gluconate

The tertiary structure of 6PGL employs an α/β hydrolase fold, with active site residues clustered on the loops of the α-helices. Based on the crystal structure of the enzyme, the mechanism is proposed to be dependent on proton transfer by a histidine residue in the active site. 6PGL selectively catalyzes the hydrolysis of δ-6-phosphogluconolactone, and has no activity on the γ isomer.

6-Phosphogluconolactone
6-Phosphogluconolactone is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP).

In the PPP, it is produced from glucose-6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

It is then converted to 6-Phosphogluconic acid by 6-phosphogluconolactonase.
Minlos's theorem
In the mathematics of topological vector spaces, Minlos's theorem states that a cylindrical measure on the dual of a nuclear space is a Radon measure if its Fourier transform is continuous. It is named after Robert Adol'fovich Minlos and can be proved using Sazonov's theorem.

Robert Minlos
Robert Adol'fovich Minlos (Russian: Роберт Адольфович Минлос; 28 February 1931  – 9 January 2018) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician who has made important contributions to probability theory and mathematical physics. His theorem on the extension of cylindrical measures to Radon measures on the continuous dual of a nuclear space is of fundamental importance in the theory of generalized random processes.

He died on 9 January 2018 at the age of 86.
Abdulla Zakirov
Abdulla Zakirov (27 February 1918 – 3 December 1981) was a Chinese politician who held high-ranking positions in his native Xinjiang. A Uyghur from the far-western city of Yining (Ghulja), he was a leader of the East Turkestan Revolutionary Party before joining the Chinese Communist Party after the incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. His son Shohrat Zakir also became a prominent politician of the PRC.

East Turkestan Revolutionary Party
The East Turkestan Revolutionary Party (ETRP) was a clandestine communist party active from 1946 to 1947, in what is now Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Abdukerim Abbasov, a Uyghur revolutionary who served as the interior minister of the Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR), led the party as chairman of a seven-member Central Eecutive Committee.

The ETRP emerged from the more moderate East Turkestan Revolutionary Youth League (ETRYL), a group of young, progressive-minded intellectuals who opposed the conservative faction of the ETR government. Many party members came from the ETRYL, and the ETRYL later became the party's youth wing. Marxist–Leninist in its orientation, the ETRP's constitution, program, and organisational structure drew from those of the Soviet and Chinese communist parties.
Kamppi
Kamppi (Swedish: Kampen) is a neighbourhood in the centre of Helsinki, the capital of Finland. The name originally referred to a small area known as the "Kamppi field" (see below), but according to the current official designation, "Kamppi" encompasses a much larger area with a population of 12,098 people (as of 31 December 2022) and 28,181 jobs (as of 31 December 2012).

In common parlance today, the name "Kamppi" is often used to refer only to the northernmost part of Kamppi, containing the Kamppi Center shopping centre, the Kamppi metro station and the Tennispalatsi and Sähkötalo buildings.

The heart of Kamppi is a part of the Central Business District. However, in stark contrast to the other districts of central Helsinki, development in Kamppi was sporadic and the very centre of Kamppi remained entirely undeveloped until 2002.

Tennispalatsi
Tennispalatsi (Swedish: Tennispalatset; lit. Tennis Palace), is an enclosed cultural and recreational center in Kamppi, Helsinki, Finland. It houses a Finnkino multiplex movie theatre, the Helsinki City Art Museum, the Museum of Cultures, and small shops.

Tennispalatsi was built in 1938 in preparation for the 1940 Summer Olympics. The functionalist building, which had four tennis courts, was designed by Helge Lundström. In the 1952 Summer Olympics the basketball preliminary games were held in Tennispalatsi.
Lois McMaster Bujold
Lois McMaster Bujold (/buːˈʒoʊld/ ⓘ boo-ZHOHLD; born November 2, 1949) is an American speculative fiction writer. She has won the Hugo Award for best novel four times, matching Robert A. Heinlein's record (not counting his Retro Hugos). Her novella The Mountains of Mourning won both the Hugo Award and Nebula Award. In the fantasy genre, The Curse of Chalion won the Mythopoeic Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the 2002 World Fantasy Award for best novel, and both her fourth Hugo Award and second Nebula Award were for Paladin of Souls. In 2011 she was awarded the Skylark Award. She has won two Hugo Awards for Best Series, in 2017 for the Vorkosigan Saga and in 2018 for the World of the Five Gods. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association named her its 36th SFWA Grand Master in 2019.

The bulk of Bujold's works comprises three series: the Vorkosigan Saga, the World of the Five Gods, and the Sharing Knife series.

The Curse of Chalion
The Curse of Chalion is a 2001 fantasy novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold. In 2002 it won the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature and was nominated for the Hugo, World Fantasy, and Locus Fantasy Awards in 2002. The series that it began, World of the Five Gods, won the Hugo Award for Best Series in 2018.

Both The Curse of Chalion and its sequel Paladin of Souls (2003) are set in the fictional landlocked medieval kingdom of Chalion. The prequel The Hallowed Hunt (2005) takes place in the Weald to the south of Chalion and two to three hundred years earlier.
Cass Sunstein
Cass Robert Sunstein (born September 21, 1954) is an American legal scholar known for his work in U.S. constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and behavioral economics. He is also The New York Times best-selling author of The World According to Star Wars (2016) and Nudge (2008). He was the administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2012.

Sunstein serves as the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School. He was previously a professor at the University of Chicago Law School from 1981 to 2008. In 2014, studies of legal publications found Sunstein to be the most frequently cited American legal scholar by a wide margin.

Adrian Vermeule
Cornelius Adrian Comstock Vermeule (/vərˈmjuːl/, born May 2, 1968) is an American legal scholar who is the Ralph S. Tyler Professor of Constitutional Law at Harvard Law School. An expert on constitutional and administrative law, since 2016 he has voiced support for integralism. He has articulated this into his theory of common-good constitutionalism.
Scrope Berdmore
Rev. Scrope Berdmore (19 February 1708 – 16 February 1770) was an English clergyman.

His father was Samuel Berdmore and his mother was Martha Scrope. He matriculated from Merton College, Oxford in 1724, gained his BA in 1728, MA in 1732, BD in 1738 and Doctor of Divinity in 1742.

He followed his father as Vicar of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham, in 1743 and was also Vicar of St. Stephen's Church, Sneinton and St. Leonard's Church, Wollaton and Rector of St. Edmund's Church, Holme Pierrepont and of Adbolton.

He remained in charge of St Mary's until his death in 1770 and is buried there. His portrait hangs in the church.

St Mary's Church, Nottingham
The Church of St Mary the Virgin is the oldest parish church of Nottingham, in Nottinghamshire, England. The church is Grade I listed by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport as a building of outstanding architectural or historic interest. It is one of only five Grade I listed buildings in the City of Nottingham.

It is situated on High Pavement at the heart of the historic Lace Market district and is also known as St Mary's in the Lace Market. It is a member of the Major Churches Network.
Billings Outlaws
The Billings Outlaws were a professional indoor football team based in Billings, Montana. They were a member of the Indoor Football League (IFL), of which they were the 2-time defending champions. They played their home games at Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark. Their games were broadcast live locally on News Talk 910 KBLG AM and online through Teamline.

First Interstate Arena
First Interstate Arena (colloquially known as The Metra) is a multi-purpose arena located at MetraPark, the fairgrounds of Billings, Montana. The arena has a capacity of 8,700 for ice hockey and indoor football games, 10,500 for basketball, and up to 12,000 for concerts.  The arena hosts a variety of local sporting, musical, and other events. It has also hosted professional sporting competitions. In 2005, MetraPark Arena marked its 30th anniversary. The arena was renovated in 2010 and 2011 at a cost of $27 million.
Pat Moran (filmmaker)
Patricia Moran Yeaton (born c. 1940), known professionally as Pat Moran, is an American actress and casting director active in Baltimore, having won three Emmy Awards for her work. Since early in her career, Moran has been a member of the Dreamlanders, director John Waters' regular cast of actors, being, along with Mink Stole and Mary Vivian Pearce, the only actresses to appear in every film directed by Waters.

Mink Stole
Nancy Paine Stoll (born August 25, 1947), known professionally as Mink Stole, is an American actress from Baltimore, Maryland. She began her career working for director John Waters, and has appeared in all of his feature films to date (a distinction shared only with Mary Vivian Pearce and Pat Moran). Her extensive work with Waters has made her one of the Dreamlanders, Waters' ensemble of regular cast and crew members.
14th Army (Soviet Union)
The 14th Army (Russian: 14-я армия, romanized: 14-ya armiya) was a field army of the Soviet Army, formed twice.

The army was first formed during the Winter War, in which two of its divisions fought in the Battle of Petsamo. After Operation Barbarossa, the army fought against German and Finnish attacks in Operation Silver Fox. In the middle of July 1941, the army was able to hold its positions. In October 1944, it fought in the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive and seized Pechenga. The army defended and guarded the newly captured territory until the end of the war. Its headquarters became the Belomorsky Military District at the end of July 1945. The army reformed in June 1948 from the 126th Light Mountain Rifle Corps as the 14th Army (Assault). Stationed on the Chukchi Peninsula, the army's mission was to invade Alaska in event of a war. It was disbanded in May 1953 after Stalin's death.

Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive
The Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive was a major military offensive during World War II, mounted by the Red Army against the Wehrmacht in 1944 in the Petsamo region, ceded to the Soviet Union by Finland in accordance with the Moscow Armistice, and Norway. The offensive defeated the Wehrmacht's forces in the Arctic, driving them back into Norway, and was called the "Tenth Shock" by Stalin. It later expelled German forces from the northern part of Norway and seized the nickel mines of Petsamo.
C-7 (Cercanías Madrid)
The C-7 is a line and rail service of Cercanías Madrid commuter rail network, operated by Renfe Operadora. It runs from Alcalá de Henares to Fuente de la Mora. It's composed of two sections: the western side is a loop around Madrid and its western suburbs, ending at Fuente de la Mora station, while the eastern side (from Atocha) runs to Alcalá de Henares.

Cercanías Madrid
Cercanías Madrid is the commuter rail service that serves Madrid, the capital of Spain, and its metropolitan area since 1989. It is operated by Cercanías Renfe, the commuter rail division of Renfe, the former monopoly of rail services in Spain. Its total length is 370 km.
Battle of Mulleriyawa
The Battle of Mulleriyawa (Sinhala: මුල්ලේරියාව සටන) in 1559 was part of the Sinhalese–Portuguese War. It was one of the most decisive battles in Sri Lankan history and considered as the worst defeat of the Portuguese during that period. According to local chronicles, the marshlands of Mulleriyawa turned red with blood after the annihilation of the Portuguese. With this victory, Sitawaka emerged as a military power which was able to challenge the Portuguese expansion.

Kingdom of Sitawaka
The Kingdom of Sitawaka (Sinhala: සීතාවක, Tamil: சீீீதாவாக்கை இராசதானி) was a kingdom located in south-central Sri Lanka. It emerged from the division of the Kingdom of Kotte following the Spoiling of Vijayabahu in 1521. Over the course of the next seventy years it came to dominate much of the island. Sitawaka also offered fierce resistance to the Portuguese, who had arrived on the island in 1505. Despite its military successes, Sitawaka remained unstable, having to contend with repeated uprisings in its restive Kandyan territories, as well as a wide-ranging and often devastating conflict with the Portuguese. Sitawaka disintegrated soon after the death of its last king Rajasinha I in 1593.
Median income
The median income is the income amount that divides a population into two groups, half having an income above that amount, and half having an income below that amount. It may differ from the mean (or average) income. Both of these are ways of understanding income distribution. Median income can be calculated by household income, by personal income, or for specific demographic groups. When taxes and mandatory contributions are subtracted from income, the result is called net or disposable income. The measurement of income from individuals and households, which is necessary to produce statistics such as the median, can pose challenges and yield results inconsistent with aggregate national accounts data. For example, an academic study on the Census income data claims that when correcting for underreporting, U.S. median gross household income was 15% higher in 2010 (table 3).

Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world.
Duke of Nochera
Duke of Nochera (Spanish: Duque de Nochera; Italian: Duca di Nocera) is a hereditary title in the Peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee. Originally styled "Duca di Nocera", it was granted in 1656 by Philip IV to Francisco de Moura Corterreal, Viceroy of Sardinia and Catalonia and governor of the Spanish Netherlands. The title made reference to the town of Nocera dei Pagani, in the Kingdom of Naples, subjected to Spain at the time.

Francisco de Moura Corte Real, 3rd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo
Francisco de Moura Corte Real, 3rd Marquis of Castelo Rodrigo (13 December 1621 – 26 November 1675) was a Portuguese nobleman who served as Viceroy of Spanish Sardinia and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
Lingzhi (mushroom)
Lingzhi (Ganoderma sichuanense), also known as reishi, is a polypore fungus ("bracket fungus") native to East Asia belonging to the genus Ganoderma.

Its reddish brown, varnished, kidney-shaped cap with bands and peripherally inserted stem give it a distinct fan-like appearance.  When fresh, the lingzhi is soft, cork-like, and flat. It lacks gills on its underside, and instead releases its spores via fine pores (80–120 μm) in yellow colors.

In nature, it grows at the base and stumps of deciduous trees, especially maples.  Only two or three out of 10,000 such trees will have lingzhi growth, and therefore its wild form is rare.  Lingzhi may be cultivated on hardwood logs, sawdust, or woodchips.

The lingzhi mushroom is used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Ganoderma
Ganoderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae that includes about 80 species, many from tropical regions. They may be called shelf mushrooms or bracket fungi and have a high genetic diversity. Ganoderma can be differentiated from other polypores because they have a double-walled basidiospore. They are used in traditional Asian medicine.
Strigoi
Strigoi  in Romanian mythology are troubled spirits that are said to have risen from the grave. They are attributed with the abilities to transform into a beast, become invisible, and to gain vitality from the blood of their victims. Bram Stoker's Dracula may be a modern interpretation of the Strigoi through their historic links with vampirism.

Folklore of Romania
The folklore of Romania is the collection of traditions of the Romanians. A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors. First, the rural character of the Romanian communities resulted in an exceptionally vital and creative traditional culture. Folk creations (the best known is the ballad Miorița) were the main literary genre until the 18th century. They were both a source of inspiration for cultivated creators and a structural model. Second, for a long time learned culture was governed by official and social commands and developed around courts of princes and boyars, as well as in monasteries.
Thai National Anthem
The Thai National Anthem, also simply referred to as the National Anthem, is the national anthem of Thailand. It was officially adopted in its current form on 10 December 1939. It replaced "Sansoen Phra Barami" as the civilian anthem in 1932 (the latter is still used as the royal anthem of Thailand). The melody was composed by Phra Chenduriyang (Peter Feit), and the official lyrics were written by Luang Saranupraphan.

Prior to 1939, when Thailand was internationally known as "Siam", 2 different lyrical versions were used—each one by different authors.

Sansoen Phra Barami
"Sansoen Phra Barami" (Thai: สรรเสริญพระบารมี; pronounced [sǎn.sɤ̌ːn pʰráʔ bāː.rā.mīː]; transl. "Praise the King") is the current royal anthem of Thailand. It was a de facto national anthem of Siam before 1932.
José Paulo Dias
José Paulo Dias is a sailor from Brazil, who represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea as helmsman in the Soling. With crew members Jose Augusto Dias, Daniel Adler and Christoph Bergman they took the 5th place. José Paulo with crew members Jose Augusto Dias and Daniel Adler took 13th place during the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as helmsman in the Soling.

José Augusto Dias
José Augusto Dias (born 3 February 1959) is a sailor from Brazil, who represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea as crew member in the Soling. With helmsman Jose Paulo Dias and fellow crew members Daniel Adler and Christoph Bergman they took the 5th place. José Augusto with helmsman Jose Paulo Dias and fellow crew member Daniel Adler took 13th place during the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain as helmsman in the Soling.