hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Monocacy, Maryland
Monocacy was a village in Frederick County, Maryland that was located along an old Indian trail known as the Monocacy Trail that ran parallel to the Monocacy River. The trail was known as the Great Wagon Road by colonial travelers; it went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and later was renamed Monocacy Road. Early surviving historical records indicate that Monocacy was the oldest settlement in Western Maryland. The town is believed to have been located near present-day Creagerstown, but never has been precisely located after its complete abandonment in the early 19th century. There are signs of the town's existence going back as far as 1730.

Creagerstown, Maryland
Creagerstown is an unincorporated community in Frederick County, Maryland, United States.  It is playfully known by its residents as "4 miles from everywhere" because of its situation at 4 miles (6.4 km) from Thurmont, Woodsboro, Rocky Ridge, and Lewistown.

The town consists of about 40 buildings, including three churches and a small school building.  A number of the buildings in the town can be classified as historical and the ruins of older buildings can also be found.

Creagerstown is additionally the home to both Creagerstown Park and Creagerstown Cemetery.  Maryland Route 550 passes through Creagerstown on its way towards Loys Station in the form of Creagerstown Road.
Weka
The weka, also known as the Māori hen or woodhen (Gallirallus australis) is a flightless bird species of the rail family. It is endemic to New Zealand. Some authorities consider it as the only extant member of the genus Gallirallus. Four subspecies are recognized but only two (northern/southern) are supported by genetic evidence.

The weka are sturdy brown birds about the size of a chicken. As omnivores, they feed mainly on invertebrates and fruit. Weka usually lay eggs between August and January; both sexes help to incubate.

Gallirallus
Gallirallus is a genus of rails that live in the Australasian-Pacific region. The genus is characterised by an ability to colonise relatively small and isolated islands and thereafter to evolve flightless forms, many of which became extinct following Polynesian settlement.
Old Norse philosophy
Old Norse philosophy was the philosophy of the early Scandinavians.

Similar to the patterns of thought of other early Germanic peoples, Old Norse philosophy is best attested in the Poetic Edda, particularly Hávamál, which is a poem attributed to Odin, the leading deity in Norse mythology. It emphasized that happiness could only be attained through living a life of virtue, particularly one characterized by the interconnected virtues of wisdom, self-control and personal independence.

Hávamál
Hávamál ("Words of Hávi [the High One]" in Old Norse) is presented as a single poem in the Codex Regius, a collection of Old Norse poems from the Viking age. A scholarly estimate of Hávamál's age dates the poem to between 900 and 1000 A.D. The poem, itself a combination of numerous shorter poems, is largely gnomic, presenting advice for living, proper conduct and wisdom. It is considered an important source of Old Norse philosophy.

The verses are attributed to Odin; the implicit attribution to Odin facilitated the accretion of various mythological material also dealing with the same deity.

For the most part composed in the metre ljóðaháttr, a metre associated with wisdom verse, Hávamál is both practical and philosophical in content. Following the gnomic  "Hávamál proper" comes the Rúnatal, an account of how Odin won the runes, and the Ljóðatal, a list of magic chants or spells.
Cuckoo (TV series)
Cuckoo is a British sitcom that began airing on BBC Three on 25 September 2012, repeating on BBC One, and in 2016 began airing worldwide on Netflix.

Written by Robin French and Kieron Quirke, Cuckoo stars Andy Samberg, Greg Davies, Helen Baxendale, Taylor Lautner, Andie MacDowell, Tamla Kari, Esther Smith, Tyger Drew-Honey, Matt Lacey and Kenneth Collard. The series launch became BBC Three's most-watched comedy launch, beating the record set by Bad Education, which debuted the previous month. Greg Davies was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Male Performance in a Comedy Programme. At the British Comedy Awards, Cuckoo was nominated for Best New Comedy Programme and Greg Davies was nominated for Best TV Comedy Actor.

Helen Baxendale
Helen Victoria Baxendale (born 7 June 1970) is an English actress of stage and television. She is known for her roles as Rachel Bradley in the British comedy drama Cold Feet (1997–2003) and Emily Waltham in the American sitcom Friends (1998–1999). Her other television credits include Cardiac Arrest (1994–1996), An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (1997–1999), Adrian Mole: The Cappuccino Years (2001), Cuckoo (2012–2019) and Noughts + Crosses (2020).

Baxendale's early stage credits include The Soldiers at Glasgow's Citizens Theatre, which earned her a 1993 Ian Charleson Award nomination.
Chris Carmack
James Christopher Carmack (born December 22, 1980) is an American actor, singer, and former fashion model. He is known for his roles in  popular television shows—the teen drama series The O.C. (2003–2004) as Luke Ward, the country music drama Nashville as Will Lexington (2012–2018), and the medical drama Grey's Anatomy (2018–present) as Dr. Atticus "Link" Lincoln.

Carmack has also appeared in films, including The Butterfly Effect 3: Revelations, Into the Blue 2: The Reef, Love Wrecked, Beauty & the Briefcase and Alpha and Omega.

Love Wrecked
Love Wrecked (also known as Temptation Island internationally) is a 2005 American adventure romantic comedy film directed by Randal Kleiser. Starring Amanda Bynes, it is a romantic comedy about a girl getting stranded with a rock star on a beach in the Caribbean.

The film premiered at the 2005 Dominican Republic International Film Festival. In the United States, Media 8 Entertainment failed to interest a theatrical distributor and, after nearly two years, the film was sold to ABC Family, on which it premiered on January 21, 2007.
Stephen Maher (hurler)
Stephen 'Picky' Maher (born 17 January 1993) is an Irish hurler who plays as a right wing-forward for the Laois senior team.

Born in Ballacolla, County Laois, Maher first played competitive hurling in the various juvenile grades. He arrived on the inter-county scene when he first linked up with the Laois minor team, before later lining out with the under-21 side. He made his senior debut in the 2012 National Hurling League. Maher has been a regular fixture on team since that initial appearance, and has won one National Hurling League (Division 2A) medal.

At club level Maher is a five-time championship medallist with Clough–Ballacolla.

Laois Senior Hurling Championship
The Laois Senior Hurling Championship is an annual hurling competition contested by top-tier Laois GAA clubs. The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association has organised it since 1888.

Clough–Ballacolla are the title holders, defeating Camross by 2-21 to 2-15 in the 2025 final.
Eisenstein ideal
In mathematics, the Eisenstein ideal is an ideal in the endomorphism ring of the Jacobian variety of a modular curve, consisting roughly of elements of the Hecke algebra of Hecke operators that annihilate the Eisenstein series. It was introduced by Barry Mazur (1977), in studying the rational points of modular curves. An Eisenstein prime is a prime in the support of the Eisenstein ideal (this has nothing to do with primes in the Eisenstein integers).

Barry Mazur
Barry Charles Mazur (/ˈmeɪzər/; born December 19, 1937) is an American mathematician and the Gerhard Gade University Professor at Harvard University. His contributions to mathematics include his contributions to Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem in number theory, Mazur's torsion theorem in arithmetic geometry, the Mazur swindle in geometric topology, and the Mazur manifold in differential topology.
Waverly, Alabama
Waverly is a town in Chambers and Lee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is part of the Auburn Metropolitan Area. It was incorporated in 1910. As of the 2020 census, Waverly had a population of 159.

Lee County, Alabama
Lee County is a county located in east central Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 174,241. The county seat is Opelika, and the largest city is Auburn. The county was established in 1866 and is named for General Robert E. Lee (1807–1870), who served as General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States in 1865. Lee County comprises the Auburn-Opelika, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL Combined Statistical Area.
Storyboard P
Storyboard P (born Saalim Muslim) is an American street dancer. He is one of the foremost practitioners of the flex genre of street dance, and is particularly noted for his improvisational style. He developed a type of dance called "mutation" or "mutant", which uses fractured movements in an homage to stop motion animation, which the name "Storyboard P" also alludes to.

Flexing (dance)
FlexN, also spelled as Flexing, is a style of street dance from Brooklyn, New York that is characterized by rhythmic Brukup/Dancehall performed  and incorporated element's like pauzN, konnectN, GlidN, Getlow, Bonebreaking and hat tricks.Their performance for FlexN has storytelling showmanship,2015-18 FlexN @ Park armory stamped the culture to make FlexN Global.
BRS Kash
Kenneth Duncan Jr. (born May 15, 1993), known professionally as BRS Kash, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is best known for his 2020 debut single "Throat Baby (Go Baby)", which peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100, received double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and spawned a remix featuring City Girls and DaBaby. Originally released in 2019, the song gained virality on TikTok the following year, prompting Love Renaissance (LVRN) and Interscope Records to sign the rapper.

Throat Baby (Go Baby)
"Throat Baby (Go Baby)" is the debut single by American rapper BRS Kash. It was released on July 24, 2020, originally through Team Litty and later with Love Renaissance and Interscope Records, as the lead single from BRS Kash's debut mixtape, Kash Only (2021). The dirty Southern hip hop and R&B song was written by Kash & Elliot Prince, who wrote it as an ode to fellatio inspired by two separate sexual encounters, with production by Adamslides and Chi Chi.

The track became popular on video-sharing social media platform TikTok in late 2020, and peaked at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. It was included on lists of the best songs of 2020 published by Vice and NPR. A remix of the song with American rapper DaBaby and American hip hop duo City Girls was released on January 21, 2021.
Abrogation of Old Covenant laws
In Christianity, the abrogation of Old Covenant laws is the belief that the entire Mosaic or Old Covenant as abrogated in that all of the Mosaic Laws are set aside for the Law of Christ. While most Christian theology reflects the view that at least some Mosaic Laws have been set aside (excluding the moral law as contained in Ten Commandments) under the New Covenant, the belief in total abrogation of the Old Covenant is a minority belief.

Individuals who believe that Old Covenant laws have been completely abrogated are referred to as antinomians by various Christian traditions, such as the Catholic, Reformed, and Methodist denominations of Christianity, which teach that the moral law continues to be binding on the faithful.

Biblical law
Biblical law refers to the set of rules found in the Jewish Tanakh, and sometimes also Christian commentaries on these laws in the New Testament. Christianity and Judaism have different approaches to Jewish law.
Ponce metropolitan area
The Ponce metropolitan area (Spanish: área metropolitana de Ponce), is the second largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Puerto Rico, comprising the municipalities of Ponce, Juana Díaz, Yauco, Villalba, Peñuelas, Adjuntas, and Guayanilla between the coastal plain and the Cordillera Central mountain subrange in the south central region of the main island. One of 6 metropolitan statistical areas in Puerto Rico, it lies within the Ponce–Coamo combined statistical area (CSA), which is one of 3 primary statistical areas in the main island as defined by the United States Census Bureau. As of 2023, census estimates place the population of the Ponce metropolitan area at 266,237.

Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico
Juana Díaz (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwana ˈði.as]) is a town and municipality of Puerto Rico located on the southern coast of the island, south of Jayuya, Ciales, Orocovis and Villalba; east of Ponce; and west of Coamo and Santa Isabel and the Caribbean Sea to the south. Juana Díaz is spread over 13 barrios and Juana Diaz Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the Ponce Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Juana Díaz is known as "La Ciudad del Maví" (Maví City). Mabi is a fermented Taíno beverage made out from the bark of the mavi tree Colubrina elliptica.
Galicia Courtyard
The Galicia Courtyard is a complex of several houses and yeshivas located on the rooftop level of the market in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem. It is adjacent to the Jewish Quarter above Chabad Street and west of the Reisin Courtyard. It is part of a larger complex that included dozens of apartments and two synagogues inhabited by Jews until 1936. It belonged partly to Yaakov Hirschensohn, father of Chaim Hirschensohn, and partly to Kollel Galicia. Today, four Jewish families live on the outskirts of the compound and their Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu is located in the court's Excellent Zion Synagogue

Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu
Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu (Hebrew: ישיבת אדרת אליהו, commonly referred to as "Zilberman's") is a Haredi Lithuanian-style educational institution located in the Old City of Jerusalem. If follows the teachings of the Vilna Gaon and utilises the Zilberman Method, a unique pedagogic system of Torah study.
Lee Berger (paleoanthropologist)
Lee Rogers Berger (born December 22, 1965) is an American-South African paleoanthropologist and National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. He is best known for his discovery of the Australopithecus sediba type site, Malapa; his leadership of Rising Star Expedition in the excavation of Homo naledi at Rising Star Cave; and the Taung Bird of Prey Hypothesis.

Berger is known not only for his discoveries, but also for his unusually public persona in paleoanthropology, and for making his most notable discoveries open-access projects. He gives hundreds of talks per year, and has had a close relationship with National Geographic for many years, appearing in several of their shows and documentaries.

Paleoanthropology
Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology and anthropology which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).

The field draws from and combines primatology, paleontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. As technologies and methods advance, genetics plays an ever-increasing role, in particular to examine and compare DNA structure as a vital tool of research of the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.
UERMMMC College of Medicine
The University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center (UERMMMC) College of Medicine is a private medical college within the UERM Memorial Medical Center in the Philippines. Recognized as a Center of Excellence in Research by the Department of Science and Technology and has Level IV Accreditation by PAASCU. It is the first and only private medical school with a Level IV PAASCU Accredited Program.

University of the East
The University of the East (Filipino: Pamantasan ng Silangan), also known as UE, is a private university located in Manila, Philippines. Founded in 1946, business tycoon Lucio Tan acquired the university in 1990. UE was once labeled as the "largest university in Asia" when its  enrollment in the past reached over 65,000 students.

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) granted UE autonomous status and recognized 2 of its programs as Center of Excellence and 1 program as Center of Development. UE offers degree programs from basic education to graduate studies. UE has two other campuses, one in Caloocan, and its medical school, the UE Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center located in Aurora Blvd., Dona Imelda, Quezon City.
Levator labii superioris
The levator labii superioris (pl.: levatores labii superioris, also called quadratus labii superioris, pl.: quadrati labii superioris) is a muscle of the human body used in facial expression.  It is a broad sheet, the origin of which extends from the side of the nose to the zygomatic bone.

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (occasionally shortened alaeque nasi muscle) is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of both the upper lip and of the wing of the nose". The muscle is attached to the upper frontal process of the maxilla and inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip. At 44 characters, its name is longer than that of any other muscle.
Matt Pinnell
Philip Matthew Pinnell (born August 15, 1979) is an American politician serving as the 17th lieutenant governor of Oklahoma, since 2019. Pinnell is also serving as the first Oklahoma Secretary of Tourism & Branding. Pinnell is a member of the Republican Party.

Oklahoma Governor's Cabinet
The Cabinet of the governor of Oklahoma is a body of the most senior appointed officials of the executive branch of the government of Oklahoma. Originally an informal meeting between the governor of Oklahoma and various government officials, the governor's Cabinet has evolved into an important information link between the governor and the various agencies, boards and commissions that operate within state government.

Cabinet officers are appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the Oklahoma Senate. Once confirmed, all members of the Cabinet receive the title "Secretary" and serve at the pleasure of the governor. The Cabinet is responsible for advising the governor on the operations and policies of the state government.

The current Cabinet is serving under Governor Kevin Stitt.
The Secret History of the Mongol Queens
The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire is a 2010 book by Jack Weatherford, about the impact and legacy of Genghis Khan's daughters and Mongol queens such as Mandukhai the Wise and Khutulun. The book references Mongolian, Central Asian, Persian, European and Chinese sources such as Altan Tobchi, Erdeni Tobchi, Erdenyin Tunamal Sudar, Tarikh-i-Rashidi, Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvaini, and Ming shi in addition to various secondary sources in English, Mongolian, and German.

Weatherford also analyzes the role of Mongol women in the Mongol Empire and how they influenced the Mongol nation, modern Mongolia, and most of the modern world.

The book was translated into Mongolian, Chinese, Korean, Malaysian, Thai and Russian.

Chinese-American actress Joan Chen mentioned that she had read the book to prepare for her role as Chabi in the TV series Marco Polo.

Mandukhai
Queen Mandukhai (/ˌmændʊˈxaɪ/; Mongolian: Мандухай хатан, IPA: [mantʊ̆χɛ́ː χátʰə̆ɴ]), also fully known as Wise Queen Mandukhai (Мандухай сэцэн хатан; c. 1449 – 1510), was a queen of the Northern Yuan. With her second husband Batmunkh Dayan Khan, she helped reunite the warring Mongols.
Teodoro Agoncillo
Teodoro Andal Agoncillo (November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985) was a Filipino historian from the 20th century. He and his contemporary, Renato Constantino, were among the first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a Filipino nationalist historiography. Agoncillo was a professor at the University of the Philippines (UP) and chaired the UP Department of History from 1963 to 1969. His seminal work, The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan (1956), recounts the early phase of Philippine Revolution led by Andrés Bonifacio's Katipunan. He also authored History of the Filipino People, a standard textbook first published in 1960. In 1985, Agoncillo was posthumously named a National Scientist of the Philippines.

Gregorio F. Zaide
Gregorio Fernandez Zaide (May 25, 1907 – October 31, 1986) was a Filipino historian, author, and politician from the town of Pagsanjan, Laguna, Philippines. A multi-awarded author, Zaide wrote 67 books and more than 500 articles about history, and is known as the "Dean of Filipino Historiographers." He was one of the founders of the International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA), and president of the Philippine Historical Association for three terms. As a politician, he served as the mayor of his hometown of Pagsanjan from 1971 to 1975.
D'Alembert's principle
D'Alembert's principle, also known as the Lagrange–d'Alembert principle, is a statement of the fundamental classical laws of motion. It is named after its discoverer, the French physicist and mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and Italian-French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange. D'Alembert's principle generalizes the principle of virtual work from static to dynamical systems by introducing forces of inertia which, when added to the applied forces in a system, result in dynamic equilibrium.

D'Alembert's principle can be applied in cases of kinematic constraints that depend on velocities.: 92  The principle does not apply for irreversible displacements, such as sliding friction, and more general specification of the irreversibility is required.

Generalized forces
In analytical mechanics (particularly Lagrangian mechanics), generalized forces are conjugate to generalized coordinates.  They are obtained from the applied forces Fi, i = 1, …, n, acting on a system that has its configuration defined in terms of generalized coordinates.  In the formulation of virtual work, each generalized force is the coefficient of the variation of a generalized coordinate.
Duchy of Austria
The Duchy of Austria was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right. After the ruling dukes of the House of Babenberg became extinct in male line, there was as much as three decades of rivalry on inheritance and rulership, until the German king Rudolf I took over the dominion as the first monarch of the Habsburg dynasty in 1276. Thereafter, Austria became the patrimony and ancestral homeland of the dynasty and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1453, the archducal title of the Austrian rulers, invented by Duke Rudolf IV in the forged Privilegium Maius of 1359, was officially acknowledged by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III.

House of Babenberg
The House of Babenberg was a noble dynasty of Austrian Dukes and Margraves. Descending from the Popponids and originally from Bamberg in the Duchy of Franconia (present-day Bavaria), the Babenbergs ruled the imperial Margraviate of Austria from its creation in 976 AD until its elevation to a duchy in 1156, and from then until the extinction of the line in 1246, whereafter they were succeeded by the House of Habsburg.