hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Willard Reaves
Willard Sheldon Reaves (born August 17, 1959) is an American-Canadian politician and former professional gridiron football running back who has served as the leader of the Manitoba Liberal Party since 2025. He previously served as the party's deputy leader from 2023 to 2024, and unsuccessfully ran to represent Fort Whyte in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in 2022 and 2023, losing both times to fellow ex-Blue Bomber Obby Khan of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba.

Reaves played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in Canadian Football League (CFL), as well as for the Miami Dolphins and the Washington Redskins in the National Football League (NFL).

Obby Khan
Ibrahim "Obby" Khan (born 8 October 1980) is a Canadian politician, entrepreneur and former professional Canadian football centre who played for nine seasons in the Canadian Football League with the Ottawa Renegades, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, and Calgary Stampeders. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba, he has been its leader since April 2025.

In March 2022, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba to represent the riding of Fort Whyte. He was elected in a by-election, following the resignation of former premier Brian Pallister, narrowly beating Willard Reaves, the Liberal candidate and another former Winnipeg Blue Bomber. He narrowly won the 2025 Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba leadership election, defeating businessman Wally Daudrich, becoming the leader of the Opposition. He is the first person of colour to serve as leader of the PC party.
Acoustic reflex
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, stapedial reflex, auditory reflex, middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), attenuation reflex, cochleostapedial reflex or intra-aural reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.

When presented with an intense sound stimulus, the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles of the ossicles contract. The stapedius stiffens the ossicular chain by pulling the stapes (stirrup) of the middle ear away from the oval window of the cochlea and the tensor tympani muscle stiffens the ossicular chain by loading the tympanic membrane when it pulls the malleus (hammer) in toward the middle ear. The reflex decreases the transmission of vibrational energy to the cochlea, where it is converted into electrical impulses to be processed by the brain.

Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear).

The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear.  The hollow space of the middle ear is also known as the tympanic cavity and is surrounded by the tympanic part of the temporal bone. The auditory tube (also known as the Eustachian tube or the pharyngotympanic tube) joins the tympanic cavity with the nasal cavity (nasopharynx), allowing pressure to equalize between the middle ear and throat.

The primary function of the middle ear is to efficiently transfer acoustic energy from compression waves in air to fluid–membrane waves within the cochlea.
Juggling ball
Juggling balls, or simply balls,  are a popular prop used by jugglers, either on their own—usually in sets of three or more—or in combination with other props such as clubs or rings.  A juggling ball refers to any juggling object that is roughly spherical in nature.

Juggling ring
Juggling rings, or simply "rings", are a popular prop used by jugglers, usually in sets of three or more, or in combination with other props such as balls or clubs. The rings used by jugglers are typically about 30 centimetres (12 in) in diameter and 3 millimetres (0.12 in) thick.

Juggling rings are easier to juggle than clubs, but harder than balls due to size and throwing mechanics. Because of rings' impressive appearance for their level of difficulty, they remain a popular juggling item.
Aztek (character)
Aztek is the name of two superheroes appearing in DC Comics. Both versions are based in the fictional Vanity City and are champions of the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl. The first Aztek first appeared in Aztek: The Ultimate Man #1 in August 1996, and he was created by Grant Morrison, Mark Millar, and N. Steven Harris. Following the short-run series, Aztek appeared in several issues of JLA also written by Morrison. The second Aztek, a female version created by Steve Orlando and Ivan Reis, appeared in Justice League of America vol. 5 #20, in December 2017, as the rival and later partner of the Ray.

Ray (Ray Terrill)
The Ray (Raymond C. "Ray" Terrill) is a superhero in the DC Comics Universe. He is the second character to use the codename the Ray. Ray Terrill first appeared in The Ray #1 (February 1992), and was created by Jack C. Harris and Joe Quesada.

Ray Terrill appeared in The CW's fourth annual Arrowverse crossover event with Arrow, The Flash, the Legends of Tomorrow, and Supergirl titled "Crisis on Earth-X". He was played by Russell Tovey, who would also voice the character in the CW Seed series Freedom Fighters: The Ray. Tovey returned in a cameo in the crossover event Crisis on Infinite Earths.
Roszheldorproject
JSC Roszheldorproject is a Russian company which carries out design and survey works for construction, overhaul and renovation projects in railway, industrial, social and cultural spheres, for construction and renovation of commercial property and residential constructions.

The company was formed in 2006 through the merger of design and research institutes, which were formerly a part of JSC Russian Railways (in December, 2014 the company changed the type of business entity from OJSC to JSC according to Russian legislation). The institutes of Roszheldorproject perform the full range of works for the integrated design of railway infrastructure and socially significant facilities. The company takes an active part in the implementation of global high speed rail project. Roszeldorproject was the general designer for a number of infrastructure transport projects that were key projects of the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014.

Russian Railways
Russian Railways (Russian: ОАО «Российские железные дороги», romanized: OAO «Rossijskije železnyje dorogi») or RZD (ОАО «РЖД») is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company, both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services and has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel in Russia.

The company was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation, which in turn was the successor of the USSR Ministry of Railways. RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35.

Railways in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine are controlled by Crimea Railway and Novorossiya Railway, both companies being independent from RZD. As of 2026, the company is reported to be in heavy debs of $45 Billion (4 trillion rubles).
Subimal Basak
Subimal Basak is an Indian fiction writer.  He is a member of the Hungry generation, with Samir Roychoudhury, Falguni Roy, Shakti Chattopadhyay and the movement's creator Malay Roy Choudhury.

The Hungry Generation archive, and Weissner Archive with Subimal Basak Papers are held at Northwestern University; the Howard McCord archive is held at Washington State University.

Malay Roy Choudhury
| other_names        = 
| citizenship        = Indian
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = 
| occupation         = Poet, writer and journalist
| years_active       = (1961–2023)
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = 
| movement           = Postmodernism and Hungryalism
| spouse             = Shalila Roy Choudhury

| children           =

| parents            = 
| mother             = Amita (1916–1982)
| father             = Ranjit Roy Choudhury (1909–1991)

| relatives          =

| family             = Sabarna Roy Choudhury
| awards             = Sahitya Akademi Award (2003; refused)
| signature          = মলয় রায়চৌধুরীর স্বাক্ষর.svg
}}

Malay Roy Choudhury (29 October 1939 – 26 October 2023) was an Indian Bengali poet, playwright, short story writer, essayist and novelist who founded the Hungryalist movement in the 1960s.
Percent sign
The percent sign % (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign ‰ and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign ‱. Higher proportions use parts-per notation.

Basis point
A basis point (often abbreviated as bp, often pronounced as "bip" or "beep") is one hundredth of 1 percentage point. Changes of interest rates are often stated in basis points. For example, if an existing interest rate of 10 percent is increased by 1 basis point, the new interest rate would be 10.01 percent.

The related term permyriad means one part per ten thousand.
Killah Priest
Walter Reed (born August 16, 1970), better known by his stage name Killah Priest, is an American rapper, a member of Sunz of Man, and a Wu-Tang Clan affiliate who was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He is known for his intensely spiritual lyrics, containing religious references and metaphors. He is connected to the Black Hebrew Israelites through his rhymes, and is known for his controversial and political subject matter. He is also a part of supergroup the HRSMN along with Canibus, Ras Kass, and Kurupt.

Ras Kass
John R. Austin II (born September 26, 1973), better known by his stage name Ras Kass, is an American rapper. He is a member of the hip hop supergroup The Hrsmn, along with Canibus, Killah Priest, and Kurupt in 2014. He is also a member of the group Golden State Warriors with Xzibit and Saafir. About.com ranked him No. 30 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007), while Pitchfork Media called him "one of the best rappers of all time".
Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)
40°42′36″N 74°00′38″W﻿ / ﻿40.71000°N 74.01056°W﻿ / 40.71000; -74.01056

Cortlandt Street is a west-east street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs one block from Broadway to Church Street, then continues an additional block as the non-vehicular Cortlandt Way from Church to Greenwich Street. At its eastern end, the street continues as Maiden Lane.

The street, which was laid out c. 1735, has varied in length over time. During the early 20th century it was the site of Radio Row, a small business district specializing in the sale and repair of radios. All except one block was razed in the mid-1960s for the construction of the World Trade Center. After the destruction of the original World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks, Cortlandt Way opened in 2012 as part of the new World Trade Center.

Greenwich Street
Greenwich Street is a north–south street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. It extends from the intersection of Ninth Avenue and Gansevoort Street in the Meatpacking District at its northernmost end to its southern end at Battery Park. Greenwich Street runs through the Meatpacking District, the West Village, Hudson Square, and Tribeca.

Main east–west streets crossed include, from north to south, Christopher Street, Houston Street, Canal Street, and Chambers Street. North of Canal Street, traffic travels northbound on Greenwich Street; south of Canal Street, it travels southbound.
Liberty (yacht)
Liberty (US-40) was an American racing yacht in the 12-metre class that unsuccessfully defended the 1983 America's Cup.

After a competition with Defender and Courageous, Liberty was selected as the defender. She lost to Australia II by 3–4 in the America's Cup.

Australia II
Australia II (KA 6) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure (with 26 successful defences) by the New York Yacht Club.
Metamonad
The metamonads are a large group of flagellate amitochondriate microscopic eukaryotes. They include the retortamonads, diplomonads, parabasalids, oxymonads, and a range of more poorly studied taxa, most of which are free-living flagellates.  All metamonads are anaerobic (many being aerotolerant anaerobes), and most members of the four groups listed above are symbiotes or parasites of animals, as is the case with Giardia lamblia which causes diarrhea in mammals.

Diplomonad
The diplomonads (Greek for "two units") are a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic. They include Giardia duodenalis, which causes giardiasis in humans.  They are placed among the metamonads, and appear to be particularly close relatives of the retortamonads.
Journal Square
Journal Square is a business district, residential area, and transportation hub in Jersey City, New Jersey. It is named for the newspaper Jersey Journal, whose headquarters were located there from 1911 to 2013. The "square" itself is at the intersection of Kennedy Boulevard and Bergen Avenue. The broader area extends to and includes Bergen Square, McGinley Square, India Square, the Five Corners and parts of the Marion Section. Many local, state, and federal agencies serving Hudson County maintain offices in the district.

Bergen Square
Bergen Square, at the intersection of Bergen Avenue and Academy Street in Jersey City, is in the southwestern part of the much larger Journal Square district. A commercial residential area, it contains an eclectic array of architectural styles including 19th-century row houses, Art Deco retail and office buildings, and is the site of the longest continually-used school site in the United States.
Nearby are the Van Wagenen House (sometimes called the Apple Tree House) and Old Bergen Church, two structures from the colonial period. St. George & St. Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church founded by early Egyptian immigrants was one of the original Coptic congregations in New Jersey.
Hippocampal subfields
The hippocampal subfields are four subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and CA4 that make up the structure of the hippocampus. Regions described in the hippocampus are the head, body, and tail, and other hippocampal subfields include the dentate gyrus, the presubiculum, and the subiculum. The CA subfields  use the initials of cornu ammonis, an earlier name of the hippocampus.

Dentate gyrus
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum.

The dentate gyrus is part of the trisynaptic circuit, a neural circuit of the hippocampus, thought to contribute to the formation of new episodic memories, the spontaneous exploration of novel environments and other functions. The dentate gyrus has toothlike projections from which it is named.

The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of only two major sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain, and is found in many mammals. The other main site is the subventricular zone in the ventricular system. Other sites  may include  the striatum and the cerebellum. However, whether significant neurogenesis takes place in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate.
Itakura clan
The Itakura clan (Japanese: 板倉氏, Hepburn: Itakura-shi) is a Japanese clan which came to prominence during the Sengoku period.  The family claimed descent from Shibukawa Yoshiaki, the son of Ashikaga Yasuuji, a relative of the Ashikaga shōguns.  Over time, the clan evolved into several branches which were daimyō, ruling the Bitchū-Matsuyama, Niwase, Fukushima, and Annaka Domains.

One of Yoshiaki's descendants went to Mikawa Province and entered the service of the Matsudaira clan; the Itakura subsequently became fudai. The Itakura served the Matsudaira clan during its rise to power in the 16th century, and became senior officials in the new Tokugawa shogunate.

In the Edo period, the Itakura were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa clan, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans.

Fukushima Domain
Fukushima Domain (福島藩, Fukushima-han) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mutsu Province. It was centered on Fukushima Castle in what is now the city of Fukushima in Fukushima Prefecture. For the majority of its history it was ruled by a branch of the Itakura clan.
Carissa Yip
Carissa Shiwen Yip (born September 10, 2003) is an American chess player and the winner of the 2021, 2023, 2024, and 2025 U.S. Women's Chess Championship. In September 2019, she was the top rated female player in the United States and the youngest female chess player to defeat a grandmaster, which she did at age ten; in August 2025 Bodhana Sivanandan surpassed her record as youngest female player to defeat a grandmaster. In October 2019, she became the youngest American woman in history to qualify for the title of International Master, which record was  surpassed by Alice Lee in June 2023.

Alice Lee (chess player)
Alice Teresa Lee (born October 13, 2009) is an American chess player with the titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM). She is the youngest American female, and the third youngest female worldwide, to achieve the IM title. Her tournament accomplishments include being a two-time Women’s American Cup champion, a two-time U.S. Girls’ Junior champion, a three-time World Youth champion, and a two-time Women’s Olympiad medalist.
Prakash Amritraj
Prakash Amritraj (born October 2, 1983) is an Indian-American former professional tennis player, who represented India in international tournaments. He is the son of former Indian tennis player Vijay Amritraj.

Vijay Amritraj
Vijay Amritraj (Tamil pronunciation: [ˈʋɪdʒaɪ amrit̪ˈɾaːdʒ]; born 14 December 1953) is an Indian retired professional tennis player, sports commentator and actor from Madras. He was awarded the Padma Shri (India's fourth-highest civilian honour), in 1983, and the Padma Bhushan (India's third-highest civilian honour) in 2026. In 2022, he was honored for his contributions to tennis in London by the International Tennis Hall of Fame and International Tennis Federation. On July 20, 2024 he was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island.
Princess Hwapyeong
Princess Hwapyeong (Korean: 화평옹주; Hanja: 和平翁主; 5 June 1727 – 8 July 1748) was the eldest daughter of King Yeongjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Lee clan, and Yeongjo's third daughter overall.

Royal Noble Consort Yeongbin Yi
Royal Noble Consort Yeong of the Jeonui Yi clan (Korean: 영빈 전의 이씨; Hanja: 暎嬪 全義 李氏; 15 August 1696 – 23 August 1764), alternatively known as Lady Seonhui (Korean: 선희궁; Hanja: 宣禧宮), was a concubine of King Yeongjo of Joseon and the mother of Crown Prince Sado. She is most well known for influencing court politics as King Yeongjo often asked her advice and she regularly accompanied the king on inspection tours. Because of passivity of Queen Jeongseon, Yeongbin acted as lady of inner palace, hosting banquets.
Langue (Knights Hospitaller)
A langue or tongue (Italian: lingua) was an administrative division of the Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem) between 1319 and 1798. The term referred to a rough ethno-linguistic division of the geographical distribution of the Order's members and possessions. Each langue was subdivided into Priories or Grand Priories, Bailiwicks and Commanderies, and was responsible for a certain sector in their administration. Each langue had an auberge as its headquarters, some of which still survive in Rhodes, Birgu and Valletta.

Commanderies of the Order of Saint John
The Order of Saint John (Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller) was organised in a system of  commanderies during the high medieval to early modern periods, to some extent surviving as the organisational structure of the several descended orders that formed after the Reformation.

In the Late Middle Ages, the bulk of possessions of the order were in the Holy Roman Empire, France, Castile, Aragon and Portugal, but they extended into Poland, Hungary, southern Italy, England and Denmark, with individual outliers in Ireland, Scotland, Sweden and Greece (the main seat of the order was in Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, and in Malta from 1530 until 1798).
SPICES (Scouting)
The SPICES (Social, Physical, Intellectual, Character/Creativity, Emotional and Spiritual) are learning objectives, or areas of personal development explored through scouting programmes in a number of countries. The acronym was created during the development of the ONE Programme scheme by Scouting Ireland, but has since been adopted by Scouts Canada, Scouts Australia, Scouts New Zealand and Scout Association of Malta. These objectives reflect the aims of Scouting rather than the methodologies – the Scout Method.

Personal progression in Scouting Ireland
The ONE Programme personal progression system for youth members of Scouting Ireland has been designed and refactored since the merger of earlier organisations, using a number of key underlining principles. Activities and personal progression (badges) are designed to make use of the Scout method, maintain a consistent structure across the five youth programme sections, involve youth participation and personal experiences.
Kamikaze Girls
Kamikaze Girls (Japanese: 下妻物語　ヤンキーちゃんとロリータちゃん, Hepburn: Shimotsuma Monogatari: Yankī-chan to Rorīta-chan; lit. "Shimotsuma Story: Delinquent Girl and Lolita Girl"), is a 2002 Japanese novel written by Novala Takemoto. The story centers on the unlikely friendship between Momoko Ryugasaki, a "Rococophile" and Lolita, and Ichigo "Ichiko" Shirayuri, a yankī (juvenile delinquent).

A live-action film adaptation was released on May 13, 2004. In the same year, a manga adaptation by Yukio Kanesada was serialized in Betsucomi. Viz Media licensed the novel for an English-language release in North America in 2006.

Lolita fashion
Lolita fashion (ロリータ・ファッション, rorīta fasshon) is a subculture from Japan that is highly influenced by Victorian clothing and styles from the Rococo period. A very distinctive property of Lolita fashion is the aesthetic of cuteness. This clothing subculture can be categorized into three main substyles: gothic, classic, and sweet. Many other substyles such as sailor, country, hime (princess), guro (grotesque), qi and wa (based on traditional Chinese and Japanese dress, respectively), punk, shiro (white), kuro (black), and steampunk Lolita also exist. This style evolved into a widely followed subculture in Japan and other countries in the 1990s and 2000s, although its popularity has waned in Japan as of the 2010s as alternative fashions fell in popularity.