hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pibroch
Pibroch, piobaireachd or ceòl mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations. Strictly meaning 'piping' in Scottish Gaelic, piobaireachd has for some four centuries been music of the great Highland bagpipe.

A more general term is Scottish Gaelic: ceòl mòr (in reformed spelling, or ceòl mór in old spelling), meaning the 'great music' (to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches, and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or 'little music'). This term encompasses music of a similar nature to pibroch, pre-dating the adoption of the Highland pipes, that has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clàrsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.

Ceòl beag
Ceòl beag (pronounced [kʲʰɔl̪ˠ ˈpek]) is the Gaelic-language term for "light music", which in bagpiping includes such forms as marches, strathspeys, reels, jigs, polkas, slow airs, and hornpipes, as well as pipe tunes played in non-traditional idioms such as rock, punk, and jazz. The term is used in juxtaposition to ceòl mòr (translating literally as "big music" or "great music", as contrasted with ceòl beag, meaning "little music").
Khedive's Star
The Khedive's Star was a campaign medal established by Khedive Tewfik Pasha to reward those who had participated in the military campaigns in Egypt and the Sudan between 1882 and 1891. This included British forces who served during the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and the subsequent Mahdist War, who received both the British Egypt Medal and the Khedive's Star. Cast in bronze and lacquered, it is also known as the Khedive's Bronze Star.

Egypt Medal
The Egypt Medal (1882–1889) was awarded for the military actions involving the British Army and Royal Navy during the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War and in the Sudan between 1884 and 1889.

Resentment at increasing British and other European involvement in Egypt since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 triggered an Egyptian army mutiny that threatened the authority of the British-backed Khedive of Egypt, Tewfik Pasha. The British military intervention was in response, to protect British interests. Once in Egypt, the British became involved in the conflicts in the Sudan, which Egypt had occupied since the 1820s.

All recipients of the Egypt Medal were also eligible for one of the four versions of the Khedive's Star.
Society of Texas Film Critics Awards
The Society of Texas Film Critics Awards were first awarded in 1994, when the Society of Texas Film Critics (STFC) was formed by 21 print, television, radio, and internet film critics working for different media outlets across the state of Texas. Over the course of four years, the size of the organization decreased, and the STFC disbanded in 1998.

Below are the award ceremonies from each of the four years.

Society of Texas Film Critics
The Society of Texas Film Critics (STFC) was an organization composed of selected print, television, radio, and internet film critics from across the state of Texas. Every major metropolitan area of the state was represented among its membership.

The STFC was founded in 1994 by Michael MacCambridge, former film critic of the Austin American-Statesman. The organization presented a set of awards each year for excellence in film, including a Lone Star Award for a film set or shot in the Lone Star State. Founded with 21 members, the size of the organization decreased slightly each year.  By 1996, film critic Joe Leydon had taken the role of Society president. The group disbanded in 1998 after just four years of awards ceremonies.
Statistical syllogism
A statistical syllogism (or proportional syllogism or direct inference) is a non-deductive syllogism. It argues, using inductive reasoning, from a generalization true for the most part to a particular case.

Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported not with deductive certainty, but at best with some degree of probability. Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.
Bcachefs
Bcachefs is a copy-on-write (COW) file system for Linux-based operating systems. Its primary developer, Kent Overstreet, first announced it in 2015, and it was added to the Linux kernel beginning with 6.7. It is intended to compete with the modern features of ZFS or Btrfs. In June 2025,  Linus Torvalds announced bcachefs would be ejected from the kernel as a result of repeated violations of kernel development guidelines. In August 2025, bcachefs status was changed from 'Supported' to 'Externally maintained'.

As of late September 2025, Linus Torvalds has removed all Bcachefs code from the Linux Kernel, beginning with version 6.18. It is now available as an external module.

Btrfs
Btrfs (pronounced as "better F S", "butter F S", "b-tree F S", or "B.T.R.F.S.") is a computer storage format that combines a file system based on the copy-on-write (COW) principle with a logical volume manager (distinct from Linux's LVM), developed together. It was created by Chris Mason in 2007 for use in Linux, and since November 2013, the file system's on-disk format has been declared stable in the Linux kernel.

Btrfs is intended to address the lack of pooling, snapshots, integrity checking, data scrubbing, and integral multi-device spanning in Linux file systems. Mason, the principal Btrfs author, stated that its goal was "to let [Linux] scale for the storage that will be available. Scaling is not just about addressing the storage but also means being able to administer and to manage it with a clean interface that lets people see what's being used and makes it more reliable".
Geraldton
Geraldton (/ˈd͡ʒɛɹəltən/, JER-əl-tən; Wajarri: Jambinu, Wilunyu: Jambinbirri) is a coastal city in the Mid West region of Western Australia, 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of the state capital, Perth.

As of the 2021 census, Geraldton had an urban population of 38,595. Geraldton is the seat of government for the City of Greater Geraldton, which also incorporates the town of Mullewa, Walkaway and large rural areas previously forming the shires of Greenough and Mullewa.

The Port of Geraldton is a major west coast seaport. Geraldton is an important service and logistics centre for regional mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism industries.

Mid West (Western Australia)
The Mid West region is one of the nine regions of Western Australia.  It is a sparsely populated region extending from the west coast of Western Australia, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north and south of its administrative centre of Geraldton and inland to 450 kilometres (280 mi) east of Wiluna in the Gibson Desert.

It has a total area of 285,497 square kilometres (110,231 sq mi), and a permanent population of about 54,000 people, more than half of those in Geraldton.
Anecdotes of Oyasama
Anecdotes of Oyasama, the Foundress of Tenrikyo (稿本天理教教祖伝逸話篇 Kōhon Tenrikyō Oyasama-den Itsuwa-hen) is an anthology of anecdotes about Nakayama Miki, the foundress of Tenrikyo. This text is one of the official supplemental texts (準原典 jun-genten) to the Tenrikyo scriptures, along with The Doctrine of Tenrikyo and The Life of Oyasama. Beginning with the 1976 edition, the text contains exactly 200 individual anecdotes.

The Life of Oyasama
The Life of Oyasama, Foundress of Tenrikyo (稿本天理教教祖伝, Kōhon Tenrikyō Oyasama den / Kōhon Tenrikyō Kyōso den), or The Life of Oyasama (教祖伝, Oyasama den / Kyōso den), is the official biography of Nakayama Miki published and authorized by Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. The Life of Oyasama is one of the supplemental texts (準原典, jun-genten) to the Tenrikyo scriptures, along with The Doctrine of Tenrikyo and Anecdotes of Oyasama.

While the kanji 教祖 typically has the reading kyōso, in Tenrikyo it often read as Oyasama. Hence, 教祖伝 is typically read as Oyasama-den rather than as Kyōso-den.
Tournament Park
Tournament Park is a park and athletics venue in Pasadena, California, United States, northeast of Los Angeles. Currently maintained by the California Institute of Technology, it was simply known as the "town lot" before being renamed "Tournament Park" in 1900. Tournament Park gets its name from the Tournament of Roses, and it served as a venue in the early 20th century for events associated with the Tournament, such as chariot races, ostrich races, and even a race between a camel and an elephant.  Besides hosting Tournament of Roses events, the venue hosted other events at the turn of the 20th century, such as the Southern California Horse Show Association's annual horse show. Tournament Park is best known as the site of the first eight Rose Bowl Games (1902, 1916–1922).

1902 Rose Bowl
Originally titled the "Tournament East–West football game", what is now known as the Rose Bowl Game was first played on January 1, 1902, at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California, starting the tradition of New Year's Day bowl games.

The inaugural game featured Fielding H. Yost's dominating 1901 Michigan Wolverines football team, representing the East, who crushed a 3–1–2 team from Stanford University, representing the West, by a score of 49–0 after Stanford captain Ralph Fisher requested to quit with eight minutes remaining. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was considered a national champion.  Yost had been Stanford's coach the previous year.
The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams
The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams is a collection of short fiction by William Carlos Williams published in 1961 by New Directions Publishing. The volume is an amalgamation of the stories previously included in The Knife of the Times and Other Stories (1932) and Life Along the Passaic River (1938), as well as 20 stories first collected in Make Light of It (1950) and presented under the heading Beer and Cold Cuts.

Life Along the Passaic River
Life Along the Passaic River is a collection of 18 works of short fiction by William Carlos Williams published in 1938 by New Directions Publishers. The stories were also collected in Make Light of It: Collected Stories of William Carlos Williams (1950) and The Farmers' Daughters: The Collected Short Stories of William Carlos Williams. (1961)

The volume includes some of Williams' best-regarded stories, and he personally regarded "The Girl With a Pimply Face" and "Jean Beicke" among his favorites.

After completing the short stories that comprise the Passaic River anthology, Williams shifted away from this literary form.
Gipping
Gipping is a village and civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located around three miles north north-east of Stowmarket, in 2005 its population was 80. At the 2011 Census the population remained less than 100 and was included in the civil parish of Old Newton with Dagworth.

The parish contains Great Gipping Wood, an ancient woodland and SSSI, whilst the River Gipping runs through it. It shares a parish council with neighbouring Old Newton with Dagworth.

Old Newton with Dagworth
Old Newton with Dagworth is a civil parish in the Mid Suffolk district of Suffolk, England. The parish contains the village of Old Newton, as well as the hamlets of Brown Street, Dagworth and Ward Green. In 2005 its population was 1,050. The parish shares a parish council with neighbouring Gipping.
Wood County, Texas
Wood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 44,843. Its county seat is Quitman. The county was named for George T. Wood, governor of Texas from 1847 to 1849.

Quitman, Texas
Quitman is a city and the county seat of Wood County, Texas, United States. Its population was 1,942 at the 2020 census.  The city was named for John A. Quitman, a veteran of the Mexican–American War, and once governor of Mississippi.
Crouch End Hippodrome
The Crouch End Hippodrome, originally the Queen's Opera House, was a theatre that once stood in Tottenham Lane, Crouch End, London.

The theatre opened in 1897 as the Queen's Opera House. It later became the Crouch End Hippodrome and subsequently a cinema. It was damaged by bombing during the Second World War and subsequently demolished apart from the front, which still stands in Topsfield Parade.

Tottenham Lane
Tottenham Lane is a street in Crouch End and Hornsey in the London Borough of Haringey. The street runs from the centre of Crouch End at the clock tower, north to the junction of the High Street and Turnpike Lane (A504).
TC Electronic
TC Electronic (sometimes stylized as t.c. electronic) is a Danish audio equipment company that designs and imports guitar effects, bass amplification, computer audio interfaces, audio plug-in software, live sound equalisers, studio and post-production equipment, studio effect processors, and broadcast loudness processors and meters. In August 2015, the company was purchased by Music Group, a holding company chaired by Uli Behringer.

Behringer
Behringer is an audio equipment company founded by the Swiss engineer Uli Behringer on 25 January 1989 in Willich, Germany.  Behringer produces equipment including synthesizers, mixers, audio interfaces and amplifiers. Behringer is owned by Music Tribe (formerly Music Group), a holding company chaired by Uli Behringer.
Fourth, fifth, and sixth derivatives of position
In the physics field of kinematics, the fourth, fifth and sixth derivatives of position are  generalizations of velocity and acceleration. They are defined as derivatives of the position vector with respect to time – with the first, second, and third derivatives being velocity, acceleration, and jerk, respectively. These higher-order derivatives are less common than the first three; thus their names are not as standardized, though the concept of a minimum snap trajectory has been used in robotics.

The fourth derivative is referred to as snap, leading the fifth and sixth derivatives to be "sometimes somewhat facetiously" called crackle and pop, named after the Rice Krispies mascots of the same name. The fourth derivative is also called jounce.

Jerk (physics)
Jerk (also known as jolt) is the rate of change of an object's acceleration over time. It is a vector quantity (having both magnitude and direction). Jerk is most commonly denoted by the symbol j and expressed in m/s3 (SI units) or standard gravities per second(g0/s).
Burnage
Burnage is an area of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England, 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the city centre and bisected by Kingsway. The population at the 2011 census was 15,227. It lies within the Greater Manchester Metropolitan area, in the historic county of Lancashire, between Withington to the west, Levenshulme to the north, Heaton Chapel to the east and Didsbury and Heaton Mersey to the south.

Levenshulme
Levenshulme (/ˈlɛvənʃuːm/) is an area of Manchester, England, bordering Fallowfield, Longsight, Gorton, Burnage, Heaton Chapel and Reddish, halfway between Stockport and Manchester city centre on the A6. Levenshulme is predominantly residential with numerous fast food shops, public houses and antique stores. It has a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic population of 15,430 at the 2011 census. The Manchester to London railway line passes through Levenshulme railway station.

Historically in Lancashire, Levenshulme is a former township and became a part of Manchester in 1909. Levenshulme, like its neighbour Longsight, was historically a wealthy and middle class district of Manchester, though in the 20th century Levenshulme and many surrounding areas suffered from inner city decline. However, the area is now displaying signs of gentrification and has been described as one of Manchester's most "up and coming" neighbourhoods.
Flight International
Flight International, formerly Flight, is a monthly magazine focused on aerospace. Published in the United Kingdom and founded in 1909 as "A Journal devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport", it is the world's oldest continuously published aviation news magazine.

Flight International is published by DVV Media Group. Competitors include Jane's Information Group and Aviation Week. Former editors of, and contributors include H. F. King, Bill Gunston, John W. R. Taylor and David Learmount.

Aviation Week & Space Technology
Aviation Week & Space Technology, often abbreviated Aviation Week or AW&ST, is the flagship magazine of the Aviation Week Network, a division of Informa. The weekly magazine is available in print and online, reporting on the aerospace, defense and aviation industries, with a core focus on aerospace technology. It has a reputation for its contacts inside the United States military and industry organizations.

Aviation Week was a favorite conduit for defense-related companies and labs to leak information to the public as part of their policy by press release efforts. This led to it being informally referred to "Aviation Leak and Space Mythology".
Moelfre, Anglesey
Moelfre ([ˈmɔɨ̯lvrɛ] ⓘ) is a village, a community and, until 2012, an electoral ward on the north-east coast of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. The community area covers the village and harbour, and several smaller, dispersed settlements. It includes six scheduled Iron Age hut groups and many other sites of archaeological interest. The harbour was formerly a local fishing port; a lifeboat station has been based here since 1854. Among many shipwrecks off the coast was that of the Royal Charter in 1859. Near the modernised lifeboat station is the RNLI Seawatch Centre. The coastline includes a rocky headland north of the village and a large sandy beach at Lligwy Bay, both traversed by the Anglesey Coastal Path. The 2011 census measured the village population as 710. It was estimated at 614 in 2019.

Lligwy Bay
Lligwy Bay (Welsh: Traeth Lligwy) is a bay of the Welsh island of Anglesey.

It is on the north east of the island, to the north of the village of Moelfre. It was the site, in October 1859, of the loss of the steam clipper Royal Charter with a loss of life in excess of 450.

The bay is very popular with windsurfers and other wind-powered watersport enthusiasts. There is a pay and display car park at the end of the access road from the A5025 at Brynrefail.

The beach is the site of a medieval fish weir, which was scheduled as an Ancient Monument in 2002.
Plant cuticle
A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer (epidermis) of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs (aerial here meaning all plant parts not embedded in soil or other substrate) that have no periderm. The film consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers infused with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells.

Epidermis (botany)
pith

protoxylem

xylem

phloem

sclerenchyma (bast fibre)

cortex

epidermis

The epidermis (from the Greek ἐπιδερμίς, meaning "over-skin") is a single layer of cells that covers the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of plants. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions: it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds, and (especially in roots) absorbs water and mineral nutrients. The epidermis of most leaves shows dorsoventral anatomy: the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions. Woody stems and some other stem structures such as potato tubers produce a secondary covering called the periderm that replaces the epidermis as the protective covering.
Tengku Amir Shah
Tengku Amir Shah ibni Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Alhaj  (Jawi: تڠکو أمير شاه ابن سلطان شرف الدين إدريس شاه الحاج; born 12 December 1990) is a member of the Selangor royal family who is the Raja Muda (Crown Prince) of Selangor and heir apparent to the Selangor throne. He is the youngest child and only son of Sultan Sharafuddin of Selangor.

House of Opu Daeng Chelak
The House of Opu Daeng Chelak consists of the family members of the sultan of Selangor. It currently consists of Sharafuddin of Selangor and his close relations.

The sultan and his family belong to the House of Royal Buginese Riau and the House of Royal Buginese Luwu. The ruling house had founded the monarchy in 1745 and continues to be in power to this day.
Onan
Onan was a figure detailed in the Book of Genesis chapter 38,  as the second son of Judah who married the daughter of Shuah the Canaanite. Onan had an older brother Er and a younger brother, Shelah, as well.

Onan was commanded by his father, Judah, to perform his duty as a husband's brother according to the custom of levirate marriage with Er's widow Tamar. Onan refused to perform his duty as a levirate and instead "spilled his seed on the ground whenever he went in" because "the offspring would not be his", and was thus put to death by Yahweh. This act is detailed as retribution for being "displeasing in the sight of Lord". Onan's crime is often misinterpreted as being masturbation, but it is universally agreed among biblical scholars that Onan's death is attributed to his refusal to fulfill his obligation of levirate marriage with Tamar by committing coitus interruptus.

Judah (son of Jacob)
Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה‎, Modern: Yəhūda, Tiberian: Yŭhūḏā) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fourth of the six sons of Jacob and Leah and the founder of the Tribe of Judah of the Israelites. By extension, he is indirectly the eponym of the Kingdom of Judah, the land of Judea, and the word Jew.

According to the narrative in Genesis, Judah alongside Tamar is a patrilineal ancestor of the Davidic line. The Tribe of Judah features prominently in Deuteronomistic history, which most scholars agree was reduced to written form, although subject to exilic and post-exilic alterations and emendations, during the reign of the Judahist reformer Josiah from 641 to 609 BCE.
Annie Fitzgerald Stephens
Annie Elizabeth Fitzgerald Stephens (December 23, 1844 – February 17, 1934) was an American landowner, businesswoman, and political activist. She was born to a prominent planting family in Clayton County, Georgia, and grew up on the family plantation Rural Home. The daughter of an Irish immigrant, she was a devout Catholic. Stephens was involved in real estate endeavors in Atlanta and sued the federal government after General William Tecumseh Sherman's Siege of Atlanta, during the American Civil War, damaged some of her properties. Some historians, literary critics, and film critics, including Molly Haskell, consider her to be the inspiration behind the fictional character Scarlett O'Hara, from Stephens' granddaughter Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone with the Wind.

Margaret Mitchell
Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Fiction for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. Long after her death, a collection of Mitchell's girlhood writings and a novella she wrote as a teenager, titled Lost Laysen, were published. A collection of newspaper articles written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished in book form.