hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine
The Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine (Swedish: Rättsmedicinalverket, abbreviated RMV) is a Swedish government agency organized under the Ministry of Justice, responsible for forensic psychiatry, forensic chemistry, forensic medicine and forensic genetics. The agency headquarters responsible for coordination, planning, regulation and control is located in Stockholm; overseeing a number of forensic departments in Gothenburg, Uppsala, Umeå, Lund and Linköping.

Ministry of Justice (Sweden)
The Ministry of Justice (Swedish: Justitiedepartementet) is a ministry in the Government of Sweden responsible for policies related to combating terrorism, democracy and human rights, family law, the judicial system, migration and asylum and the Constitution of Sweden.

The ministry is currently headed by the Minister for Justice, Gunnar Strömmer of the Moderate Party.
Zawiya District
Zawiya, officially Zawia (Arabic: محافظة الزاوية Az Zāwiya), is one of the districts of Libya. It is located in the north western part of the country, in what had been the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital is also named Zawia. the province of Az Zawiya has three major municipalities; according to the new laws of local governance, includes Central Az Zawiya municipality, Southern Az Zawia municipality and Eastern Az zawiya municipality. In the north, Zawiya province has a shoreline bordering the Mediterranean Sea, while it borders Tripoli in east, Jafara in southeast, Jabal al Gharbi in south, Surman in the west.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9. There were totally 22,713 households in the district, with 20,907 Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per sq. km.

Jafara
Jafara or Al Jfara (Arabic: الجفارة Al Jifārah) is one of the districts of Libya, in the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital and largest city is 'Aziziya. Jafara borders Tripoli in northeast, Jabal al Gharbi in south and Zawiya in the west.

From 2001 to 2007, Jafara District consisted of twenty Basic People's Congresses (BPCs). In 2007 it was enlarged from 1,940 km2 to 2,666 km2 by the addition of four BPCs from Tarabulus District (Tripoli), and presently consists of twenty-four Basic People's Congresses.

Per the census of 2012, the total population in the region was 157,747, with 150,353 Libyans. The average size of the household in the country was 6.9, while the average household size of non-Libyans was 3.7. There were in total 22,713 households in the district, 20,907 of which were Libyan ones.  The population density of the district was 1.86 persons per km2. Per 2006 census, there were a total of 163,882 economically active people in the district.
Laudanosine
Laudanosine or N-methyltetrahydropapaverine is a metabolite of the pharmaceutical drugs atracurium and cisatracurium. Laudanosine decreases the seizure threshold, and thus it can induce seizures if present at sufficient threshold concentrations; however, such concentrations are unlikely to be produced consequent to chemodegradable metabolism of clinically administered doses of cisatracurium or atracurium.

Laudanosine also occurs naturally in minute amounts (0.1%) in opium, from which it was first isolated in 1871. Partial dehydrogenation of laudanosine will lead to papaverine, the alkaloid found in the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum).

Laudanosine is a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid. It has been shown to interact with GABA receptors, glycine receptors, opioid receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but not benzodiazepine or muscarinic receptors, which are also involved in epilepsy and other types of seizures.

Cisatracurium besilate
Cisatracurium besilate (INN; cisatracurium besylate (USAN); formerly recognized as 51W89; trade name Nimbex) is a bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinolinium that has effect as a non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drug, used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It shows intermediate duration of action. Cisatracurium is one of the ten isomers of the parent molecule, atracurium. Moreover, cisatracurium represents approximately 15% of the atracurium mixture.
P-Phenylenediamine
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for henna.

Hair coloring
Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the color of the hair on humans' heads. The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to alter hair to create a specific look, to change a color to suit preference or to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.

Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home. Hair coloring is very popular, with 50-80% of women in the United States, Europe, and Japan having reported using hair dye. At-home coloring in the United States reached sales of $1.9 billion in 2011 and were expected to rise to $2.2 billion by 2016.
Chief Kno-Tah
Chief Kno-Tah was a wooden statue located in Shute Park in Hillsboro in the U.S. state of Oregon. Carved by Peter Wolf Toth, it was the 56th Native American head in his Trail of the Whispering Giants series. The 25-foot (7.6 m) tall, 250,000-pound (110,000 kg) statue was the first of two carved by Toth in Oregon. Completed in 1987, the statue was named in honor of a chief of the local Tualatin Indians. In early 2017, the statue was damaged by a tree blown over in a windstorm. It was ultimately determined to be beyond repair and was removed in June 2017.

Atfalati
The Atfalati [aˈtɸalati], also known as the Tualatin or Wapato Lake Indians are a tribe of the Kalapuya Native Americans who originally inhabited and continue to steward some 24 villages on the Tualatin Plains in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Oregon; the Atfalati also live in the hills around Forest Grove, along Wapato Lake and the north fork of the Yamhill River, and into areas of Southern Portland.

The Atfalati speak the Tualatin-Yamhill (Northern Kalapuya) language, which is one of the three Kalapuyan languages.
Peter Igneus
Pietro Igneo (died 11 November 1089) was an Italian Roman Catholic Benedictine monk from the Vallombrosians branch. He also served as a cardinal and was named as the Cardinal-Bishop of Albano. He is often referred to as a member of the Aldobrandini house but this familiar denomination is not attested in sources as a fact. He founded the Abbey of Santa Maria in Montepiano in Tuscany.

Igneo's beatification had been confirmed on 4 March 1673.

Vallombrosians
The Vallombrosians (alternately spelled Vallombrosans, Vallumbrosians or Vallumbrosans) are a monastic religious order in the Catholic Church. They are named after the location of their motherhouse founded in Vallombrosa (Latin: Vallis umbrosa, lit. 'shady valley'), situated 30 km from Florence on the northwest slope of Monte Secchieta in the Pratomagno chain. They use the postnominal abbreviation OSBVall to distinguish themselves from other Benedictines, who generally use the abbreviation OSB.
Gwen Ifill
Gwendolyn L. Ifill (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; September 29, 1955 – November 14, 2016) was an American journalist, television newscaster, and author. In 1999, she became the first African-American woman to host a nationally televised U.S. public affairs program with Washington Week in Review. She was the moderator and managing editor of Washington Week and co-anchor and co-managing editor, with Judy Woodruff, of the PBS NewsHour, both of which air on PBS. Ifill was a political analyst and moderated the 2004 and 2008 vice-presidential debates. She authored the best-selling book The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama.

Washington Week
Washington Week, originally titled as Washington Week in Review and billed as Washington Week with the Atlantic since 2023, is an American public affairs television program, which has aired on PBS and its predecessor, National Educational Television, since 1967. The program is produced by WETA-TV in Washington, D.C. Since 2023, the program has been moderated by editor-in-chief of The Atlantic, Jeffrey Goldberg. Unlike other panel discussion shows, which encourage informal (sometimes vociferous) debates as a means of presentation, Washington Week consistently follows a path of civility and moderation. Its format is that of a roundtable featuring the show's moderator and two to four Washington-based journalists.
Strick (rapper)
Tauren O'lander Strickland, known professionally as Strick, is a Grammy-nominated American rapper and songwriter who signed with Young Thug's YSL Records, 300 Entertainment, and Atlantic Records in 2018, and has been credited with songwriting work for other rappers.

YSL Records
YSL Records (an initialism for Young Stoner Life Records) is an American record label based in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 2016 by the Atlanta-based rapper Young Thug. The label is an imprint of 300 Entertainment. As of 2026 current acts include Thug himself, Strick, T-Shyne, Yung Kayo and 1300SAINT. Several contemporary artists, including Drake, Future, Lil Uzi Vert, Playboi Carti, Lil Baby, Lil Gotit, NAV, Travis Scott, and Slimelife Shawty have expressed allegiance to YSL, but are not contractually signed.

The label was embroiled in a major criminal trial from 2022–2024, with Young Thug, Gunna, and other YSL members arrested and charged with racketeering and various gang-related crimes in violation of Georgia's RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) Act. Authorities alleged that YSL Records is a street gang. In 2024, label head Young Thug was released on probation.
F. L. Ames Gardener's Cottage
The F. L. Ames Gardener's Cottage is a small residential house in North Easton, Massachusetts. This building was designed in 1884 by noted American architect Henry Hobson Richardson and built the following year. This building sits on the original Ames estate and was designed soon after the neighboring Ames Gate Lodge (also a Richardson design). Frederick Lothrop Ames also commissioned Richardson to build the nearby Old Colony Railroad Station. Two other notable buildings in North Easton, the Ames Free Library and Oakes Ames Memorial Hall, were also Richardson designs and commissioned by the Ames family.

The exterior of the Gardener's house has been renovated and is not easily identified as a Richardson building. However the footprint and structure remain intact, including a circular tower on one corner of the house. The ivy-covered walls, long associated with this building, were removed during the renovation.

Frederick Lothrop Ames
Frederick Lothrop Ames (June 8, 1835 – September 13, 1893) was heir to a fortune in railroads and shovel manufacturing. He was Vice President of the Old Colony Railroad, a director of the Union Pacific railroad, and a co-founder of General Electric. At the time of his death, Ames was reported to be the wealthiest person in Massachusetts.
Wincing the Night Away
Wincing the Night Away is the third studio album by the indie rock group The Shins. It was released by Sub Pop Records on January 23, 2007, and is the last album released under The Shins' contract with Sub Pop. The album was recorded in James Mercer's basement studio, Phil Ek's home in Seattle and in Oregon City with the veteran producer Joe Chiccarelli. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album.

Sub Pop
Sub Pop is an independent record label founded in 1986 in Seattle by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman. Sub Pop achieved fame in the early 1990s for signing Seattle bands such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, and Mudhoney, central players in the grunge movement. They are often credited with helping popularize grunge music. The label's roster includes Fleet Foxes, Tad, Beach House, The Postal Service, Sleater-Kinney, Flight of the Conchords, Foals, Blitzen Trapper, Father John Misty, clipping., Shabazz Palaces, Weyes Blood, Guerilla Toss, Bully,  La Luz, Low, METZ, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Kiwi Jr., Built to Spill, TV Priest and The Shins. In 1995, the owners of Sub Pop sold a 49% stake of the label to the Warner Music Group.
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district
Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district in the United States is one of 40 legislative districts of the Massachusetts Senate. It covers 29.3% of Hampden County and 13.8% of Hampshire County population in 2010. Democrat John Velis has represented the district since May 2020.

Massachusetts House of Representatives' 1st Hampshire district
The Massachusetts House of Representatives 1st Hampshire district or "1st Hampshire" is an electoral district for the Massachusetts House of Representatives. It consists of the municipalities Northampton, Chesterfield, Cummington, Goshen, Hatfield, Plainfield, Westhampton, Williamsburg, and Worthington. Democrat Lindsay Sabadosa of Northampton has represented the district since 2019.

The current district geographic boundary overlaps with those of the Massachusetts Senate's Berkshire, Hampden, Franklin and Hampshire district and Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester district.
M-211 (Michigan highway)
M-211 is a state trunkline highway in the Lower Peninsula (LP) of Michigan that connects the community of Onaway with Onaway State Park.  The highway runs through farmland and forests along the 5.174-mile (8.327 km) route to the park. The trunkline was originally designated M-95 from 1919 until 1934. In that year, the designation was moved to a different highway in the Upper Peninsula (UP), and the state park connector was given the current number. The highway was last changed by 1960 when paving was completed.

M-95 (Michigan highway)
M-95, designated the Leif Erickson Memorial Highway, is a state trunkline highway in the Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. Running from Kingsford to near Champion in Humboldt Township, it is the main connection between Iron Mountain and Marquette along with US Highway 41 (US 41).

M-95 was previously designated as M-45. The number was switched when US 45 was designated in Michigan. The trunkline incorporates a portion of the former M-12 which became US 2. A section of the highway near Republic was turned over to Marquette County during a rerouting of the highway in the 1940s, becoming County Road 601.
Hockett's design features
Hockett's design features are a set of features that characterize human language and set it apart from animal communication. They were defined by the linguist Charles F. Hockett in the 1960s. He called these characteristics the design features of language. Hockett originally believed there to be 13 design features. While primate communication utilizes the first 9 features, Hockett believed that the final 4 features (displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, and duality) were reserved for humans. Hockett later added prevarication, reflexiveness, and learnability to the list as uniquely human characteristics. He asserted that even the most basic human languages possess these 16 features.

Charles F. Hockett
Charles Francis Hockett (January 17, 1916 – November 3, 2000) was an American linguist who developed many influential ideas in American structuralist linguistics. He represents the post-Bloomfieldian phase of structuralism often referred to as "distributionalism" or "taxonomic structuralism". His academic career spanned over half a century at Cornell and Rice universities. Hockett was also a firm believer of linguistics as a branch of anthropology, making contributions that were significant to the field of anthropology as well.
Article 299 of the Turkish Penal Code
Article 299 of the Turkish Penal Code is a lèse-majesté law that deems it illegal to "Insult the President of Turkey". A person who is sentenced for a violation of this article can be sentenced to a prison term between one and four years and if the violation was made in public the verdict can be elevated by a sixth. Prosecutions often  target critics of the government, independent journalists, and political cartoonists. Between 2014 and 2019, 128,872 investigations were launched for this offense and prosecutors opened 27,717 criminal cases. Turkey's article 299 and article 125, which allows one party to sue for insult despite lack of sufficient evidence, are arguably used as part of SLAPPs.

Turkish Penal Code
The Turkish Penal Code (Turkish: Türk Ceza Kanunu) is the codification of Turkish criminal law. It took effect on 1 June 2005 and replaced the Turkish Penal Code of 1926, which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in the rare decisions that still need to apply it.
Bujinkan
The Bujinkan (Japanese: 武神館) is an international martial arts organization based in Japan and headed by Masaaki Hatsumi. The combat system taught by this organization comprises nine separate ryūha, or schools, which are collectively referred to as Bujinkan Budō Taijutsu. The Bujinkan is most commonly associated with ninjutsu. However, Masaaki Hatsumi uses the term Budo (meaning martial way) as he says the ryūha are descended from historical samurai schools that teach samurai martial tactics and ninjutsu schools that teach ninja tactics.

Ninjutsu
Ninjutsu (忍術; [ɲiꜜɲ.dʑɯ.tsɯ]), shinobi no jutsu (忍びの術; [ɕi.no.bʲi no dʑɯ.tsɯꜜ]) and ninpō (忍法; [ɲiꜜm.poː]) are terms for the techniques and skills used by covert operatives, irregular warfare specialists and intelligence gatherers in pre-modern Japan known as ninja. Some of these techniques are recorded in ninja scrolls, several of which have been published and translated. The study of these scrolls have changed the perception of ninja and ninjutsu.

While there are martial arts schools that claim to be modern styles of ninjutsu, the historical lineage of these styles only go as far back as the 1950s.
Complete lattice
In mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet). A conditionally complete lattice satisfies at least one of these properties for bounded and nonempty subsets. For comparison, in a general lattice, only pairs of elements need to have a supremum and an infimum. Every non-empty finite lattice is complete, but infinite lattices may be incomplete.

Complete lattices appear in many applications in mathematics and computer science. Both order theory and universal algebra study them as a special class of lattices.

Complete lattices must not be confused with complete partial orders (CPOs), a more general class of partially ordered sets. More specific complete lattices are complete Boolean algebras and complete Heyting algebras (locales).

Complete partial order
In mathematics, the phrase complete partial order is variously used to refer to at least three similar, but distinct, classes of partially ordered sets, characterized by particular completeness properties. Complete partial orders play a central role in theoretical computer science: in denotational semantics and domain theory.
Sevilla, Valle del Cauca
Sevilla is a town and municipality in the Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia. Widely recognized and famous as one of the best Colombian coffee producers. It is also known as the "Coffee Capital of Colombia" In 2003, the municipality had a population of approximately 60,000.

Valle del Cauca Department
Valle del Cauca (Spanish for "Cauca Valley"; Spanish pronunciation: [ˈbaʎe ðel ˈkawka]), is a department in western Colombia abutting the Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Santiago de Cali. Other cities such as Buenaventura, Buga, Cartago, Palmira and Tuluá have great economical, political, social and cultural influence on the department's life. Valle del Cauca has the largest number of independent (i.e., nonmetropolitan) towns with over 100,000 inhabitants in the country, counting six within its borders. Buenaventura has the largest and busiest seaport in Colombia, moving about 8,500,000 tons of merchandise annually.
Tihun
Tihun is a small rural town  in Sogbini Chiefdom, Bonthe District in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone. Tihun is the chieftaincy seat of Sogbini Chiefdom and is about ten miles to the main commercial town of Mattru Jong. The major economic activity in Tihun is farming. Tihun is the native home of the Sherbro people who are the vast majority in the town. In 2003 the population was estimated to be 5,556.

Tihun is the birthplace of Sierra Leone's president   Julius Maada Bio. Maada Bio's father  Charlie Bio II served as Paramount Chief of Sogbini Chiefdom, where Tihun is located, for many years.

In the 2018 Sierra Leone Presidential election, President Bio won over 95% of the votes overall in his home district of Bonthe, where Tihun is located.

Sogbini Chiefdom
Sogbini Chiefdom is a chiefdom in Bonthe District of Sierra Leone. Its chiefdom headquarter is Tihun. Farming is the major economic production in the chiefdom. The Sherbro people make up the overwhelming majority of the population of Sogbini Chiefdom. The current President of Sierra Leone Julius Maada Bio, is a native of Sogbini Chiefdom, and an ethnic Sherbro himself.
Spartan Assembly
The Spartan Assembly, was the assembly of full citizens in the ancient Greek city-state of Sparta. Its principal role was to ratify the proposals brought to it by the gerousia and the ephors. Unlike its more famous counterpart the Assembly of ancient Athens, the Spartan Assembly had more limited powers. Its concurrence was required for legislation, and it helped determine state policy, particularly in foreign affairs. It voted by acclamation, and whether it debated is uncertain. The Assembly had regular meetings, which were probably convened and chaired by the ephors. Its official name is generally considered to have been 'the Ekklesia', rather than 'the Apella' as once commonly thought.

Gerousia
The Gerousia (γερουσία) was the council of elders in ancient Sparta. Sometimes called the Spartan senate, it was made up of the two Spartan kings, plus 28 Spartiates over the age of sixty, known as gerontes. The Gerousia was a prestigious body, holding extensive judicial and legislative powers, which helped shape Spartan policy.

Ancient Greeks considered that the Gerousia was created by the mythical Spartan lawgiver Lycurgus in his Great Rhetra, the constitution of Sparta.

The gerontes were elected through peculiar shouting elections, which were open to manipulation, especially from the kings.
3rd Army (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
The 3rd Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation commanded by Armijski đeneral Ilija Brašić during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II. It consisted of two reinforced infantry divisions, two infantry divisions, and a brigade-strength horsed cavalry detachment. It formed part of the 3rd Army Group, and was responsible for the Yugoslav-Albania border between Lake Ohrid and Lake Skadar.

3rd Army Group (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
The 3rd Army Group was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded the 3rd Army and 5th Army during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II. It was commanded by General Milan Nedić, and was responsible for the border with Albania between Lake Ohrid to Lake Skadar, and the Romanian and Bulgarian borders between the Iron Gates and the Greek border.