hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range. For instance, when the variance of data in a set is large, the data is widely scattered. On the other hand, when the variance is small, the data in the set is clustered.

Dispersion is contrasted with location or central tendency, and together they are the most used properties of distributions.

Mean absolute difference
The mean absolute difference (univariate) is a measure of statistical dispersion equal to the average absolute difference of two independent values drawn from a probability distribution.  A related statistic is the relative mean absolute difference, which is the mean absolute difference divided by the arithmetic mean, and equal to twice the Gini coefficient.
The mean absolute difference is also known as the absolute mean difference (not to be confused with the absolute value of the mean signed difference) and the Gini mean difference (GMD).  The mean absolute difference is sometimes denoted by Δ or as MD.
Eric Brodkowitz
Eric Brodkowitz (Hebrew: 'אריק ברודקוביץ; born May 14, 1996) is an American-Israeli professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He plays for the Israel National Baseball Team. Pitching for the Yale Bulldogs, he was named to the 2018 First Team All-Ivy League Team as a unanimous selection. In 2021, he has pitched for the Idaho Falls Chukars of the Pioneer League. Brodkowitz is also an investment banking analyst with Goldman Sachs.

Israel national baseball team
The Israel National Baseball Team (Hebrew: נבחרת ישראל בבייסבול) also known as "The Mensch on a Bench" represents Israel in international baseball competitions. It is managed by Nate Fish.

At the 2017 WBC, Team Israel came in 6th. In 2022, Israel was ranked 20th in the world. The Israel national baseball team competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in 2021, where it beat Mexico and finished 5th. It also competed in the 2023 World Baseball Classic, where it did not progress to the quarterfinal round.

Team Israel will compete in the 2026 World Baseball Classic from March 6-11, 2026, at LoanDepot Park in Miami in Pool D. It will face Team Venezuela, Team Netherlands, Team Dominican Republic, and Team Nicaragua. American-Israeli former 4x All Star and 2x Gold Glove winning second baseman Ian Kinsler will be the team's manager.
Volkswagen ID.3
The Volkswagen ID.3 is a battery electric small family car (C-segment) produced by Volkswagen since 2019. It is the first production car to utilize the MEB platform, and the first model of the ID. series. It was unveiled on 9 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, after being first shown as the I.D. concept car at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. Deliveries to retail customers began in Germany in September 2020.

Volkswagen Group MEB platform
The Volkswagen Group MEB platform (German: Modularer E-Antriebs Baukasten, 'modular electric-drive toolkit') is a modular car platform for electric cars developed by the Volkswagen Group and its subsidiaries.

It is used in models of Audi, Cupra, Škoda, and Volkswagen, along with Ford through partnership. The architecture is aimed to "consolidate electronic controls and reduce the number of microprocessors, advance the application of new driver-assistance technology and somewhat alter the way cars are built" by the VW Group.
Sayumi Watabe
Sayumi Watabe (渡部 紗弓, Watabe Sayumi; born September 25) is a Japanese voice actress affiliated with Sigma Seven. Some of her notable roles include Akira Tachibana in After the Rain, Asagi Igawa in Action Taimanin, Eleonore Bianca in The Misfit of Demon King Academy, Freezing Astaroth in Combatants Will Be Dispatched!, Sakura Banka in Build Divide, and Aria Kisaki in 2.5 Dimensional Seduction.

The Misfit of Demon King Academy
The Misfit of Demon King Academy: History's Strongest Demon King Reincarnates and Goes to School with His Descendants, also known simply as The Misfit of Demon King Academy or Demon King Academy, is a Japanese light novel series written by Shu and illustrated by Yoshinori Shizuma. The series originally began as a web novel in April 2017 on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō when it was later acquired by ASCII Media Works, which officially began to publish it in March 2018. A manga adaptation by Kayaharuka was serialized online from July 2018 to July 2021, when it ended due to the author's death. An anime television series adaptation produced by Silver Link aired from July to September 2020. A second season aired from January 2023 to July 2024.
Fashion King (TV series)
Fashion King (Korean: 패션왕; RR: Paesyeonwang) is a 2012 South Korean television drama starring Yoo Ah-in, Shin Se-kyung, Lee Je-hoon, and Kwon Yu-ri. It aired on SBS from March 19 to May 22, 2012 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

Kwon Yu-ri
Kwon Yu-ri (Korean: 권유리; born December 5, 1989), known mononymously as Yuri, is a South Korean singer, actress, and songwriter. She debuted as a member of girl group Girls' Generation (and later its subgroup Girls' Generation-Oh!GG) in August 2007, which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea's most widely known girl groups worldwide. Apart from her group's activities, she has acted in several television dramas such as Fashion King (2012),  Local Hero (2016), Innocent Defendant (2017), Dae Jang Geum Is Watching (2018), Bossam: Steal the Fate (2021), Good Job (2022) and Parole Examiner Lee (2024). In 2013, she made her film debut in No Breathing. In 2018, she made her debut as a soloist with her first extended play The First Scene.
Osney Abbey
Osney Abbey or  Oseney Abbey, later Osney Cathedral, was a house of Augustinian canons at Osney in Oxfordshire. The site is south of the modern Botley Road, down Mill Street by Osney Cemetery, next to the railway line just south of Oxford station. It was founded as a priory in 1129, becoming an abbey around 1154.  It was dissolved in 1539 but was created a cathedral, the last abbot Robert King becoming the first Bishop of Oxford.  The see was transferred to the new foundation of Christ Church in 1545 and the building fell into ruin. It was one of the four renowned monastic houses of medieval Oxford, along with St Frideswide's Priory, Rewley and Godstow.

Osney
Osney or Osney Island (/ˈoʊzni/; an earlier spelling of the name is Oseney) is a riverside community in the west of the city of Oxford, England. In modern times the name is applied to a community also known as Osney Town astride Botley Road, just west of the city's main railway station, on an island surrounded by the River Thames, Osney Ditch, and Osney Stream.

Until the early 20th century the name was applied to the larger island of Oxford Castle and New Osney (between Castle Mill Stream and the main stream of the Thames) on which Osney Abbey and Osney Mill were established during the Middle Ages.  The place plays a minor but significant role in The Miller's Tale in Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.
Bruvik Municipality
Bruvik is a former municipality in the old Hordaland county, Norway. The 363-square-kilometre (140 sq mi) municipality existed from 1870 until its dissolution in 1964. The area is now divided between Osterøy Municipality and Vaksdal Municipality in the traditional district of Nordhordland in Vestland county. The administrative centre was the village of Bruvik, where Bruvik Church is located. Other villages in the municipality included Dale, Dalegarden, Vaksdal, Stanghelle, and Stamneshella.

Prior to its dissolution in 1964, the 363.3-square-kilometre (140.3 sq mi) municipality was the 247th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Bruvik Municipality was the 152nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 5,709. The municipality's population density was 15.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (41/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 1% over the previous 10-year period.

Bruvik, Vestland
Bruvik (historically: Kyrkjebruvik) is a village in Osterøy Municipality in Vestland county, Norway.  The village is located on the southern shore of the island of Osterøy, along the Sørfjorden. It sits about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of the village of Hausvik and about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) across the fjord from the village of Vaksdal.
Cosmic Slop Shop
Cosmic Slop Shop was an American hip hop group from Oakland, California. The group was composed of Antron "Big Lurch" Singleton, Marvin "Doonie Baby" Selmon and Ricardo "Rick Rock" Thomas. Their single "Sinful" from their only studio album Da Family was a minor hit in 1998, which peaked at #66 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and #18 on the Hot Rap Songs chart in the US.

Big Lurch
Antron Singleton Sr. (born September 15, 1976), better known by his stage name Big Lurch, is an American rapper and poet. He is serving a life sentence for murdering 21-year-old roommate Tynisha Ysais and eating parts of her body in April 2002. He was a member of the group Cosmic Slop Shop.
Sochigel
Sochigel (Modern Mongolian: Сочигэл, Russian: Сочихэл, Chinese (Simplifed): 速赤格勒) was either a junior wife or concubine of Yesügei, the chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and father of Genghis Khan. Sochigel's children were Ghengis Khan's half-siblings, and included Behter and Belgutei; the latter became one of Genghis Khan's advisors.

Yesugei
Yesugei or Yesükhei Baghatur (c. 1134–1171) was a major chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and the father of Temüjin, who later became known as Genghis Khan. Yesügei was from the Borjigin family, and his name means "like nine", meaning he had the auspicious qualities of the number nine, a lucky number to the Mongols.
Tam Courts
Thomas "Tam" Courts (born 10 August 1981) is a Scottish football coach and former player.

As a player, he appeared in the Scottish Football League for Livingston, Cowdenbeath and East Fife. After a previous spell at the club from 2002 to 2004, he rejoined Kelty Hearts as a player in 2007 and went on to be their player-manager from 2013 until 2018. After joining Dundee United in 2020 to work in their youth academy, he was their head coach during the 2021–22 season. Tam is currently looking to get back into football management, stating on Tay FM, 5 March 2025, that he's got unfinished business in the SPFL and that he would love a crack at managing in England.

Kelty Hearts F.C.
Kelty Hearts Football Club is a football club based in the village of Kelty in Fife, Scotland. Formed in 1975, the club currently competes in Scottish League One, having been promoted from Scottish League Two as champions in 2021-22. Their home colours are maroon shirts, white shorts and maroon socks, while their away colours are typically all blue. They play their home games at New Central Park and are nicknamed the "Maroon Machine", "the Jambos" and "the Hearts".

The club were previously members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, playing in the Fife League followed by the East Region Superleague. In December 2017 the club became a full SFA member, making them eligible to enter the Scottish Cup and move up through the pyramid system.
2010 Tippeligaen
The 2010 Tippeligaen was the 66th completed season of top division football in Norway. The competition began on 14 March and ended on 7 November. Rosenborg was the defending champions, having secured their twenty-first league championship in 2009. Haugesund, Hønefoss and Kongsvinger entered as the three promoted teams from the 2009 1. divisjon. They replaced Fredrikstad, Bodø/Glimt and Lyn who were relegated to the 2010 1. divisjon.

2009 Norwegian First Division
The 2009 1. divisjon (referred to as Adeccoligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football season. The season began play on 5 April 2009 and will end on 1 November 2009.

The club relegated from the Tippeligaen in 2008 was Ham-Kam. Sandnes Ulf and Hødd were relegated to the 2. divisjon in 2008 after finishing in fifteenth and sixteenth place respectively. Tromsdalen, Stavanger, Mjøndalen, and Skeid were promoted from the 2. divisjon in 2008.

At the end of the season, a two-legged promotion playoff will be played between the 3rd, 4th, and 5th placed teams in the 1. divisjon and the 14th placed team in the Tippeligaen.
Carpaccio
Carpaccio is a dish of meat or fish (such as beef, veal, venison, salmon or tuna), thinly sliced or pounded thin, and served raw, typically as an appetiser. It was invented in 1950 by Giuseppe Cipriani, founder of Harry's Bar in Venice, Italy, and popularised during the second half of the twentieth century. The beef was served with lemon, olive oil and white truffle or Parmesan cheese. Later, the term was extended to dishes containing other raw meats or fish, thinly sliced and served with lemon or vinegar, olive oil, salt and ground pepper.

Giuseppe Cipriani (chef)
Giuseppe Cipriani (1900–1980) was the founder of Harry's Bar in Venice, Italy, opening the establishment in 1931. He is the inventor of both the Bellini cocktail and the raw beef dish carpaccio.  In 1956, he founded the Belmond Hotel Cipriani in Venice.  It was named the best hotel in the world in June 2023 on the Top 1,000 World’s Best Hotels, a list compiled by French company La Liste that uses a composite score based on a wide array of sources.
Hathras
Hathras (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦaːt̪ʰ.ɾəs]) is a historical city in Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of Hathras district, formed on 3 May 1997 by merging parts of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra. It is part of the Aligarh Division.

The primary spoken language is a dialect of Hindi, Braj Bhasha, which is closely related to Khariboli, one of several dialects spoken in the Delhi region. It is known for production of asafoetida.

Hathras district
Hathras district (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦaːt̪ʰ.ɾəs]; previously called Mahamaya Nagar district) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India.  The city of Hathras is the district headquarters. Hathras district is a part of Aligarh division. The district occupies an area of 1,840 square kilometres (710 sq mi) and has a population of 1,564,708 as of the 2011 census.
Patience (After Sebald) (soundtrack)
The soundtrack for Patience (After Sebald) (2012), a film by Grant Gee, was composed and produced by English musician James Leyland Kirby under his ambient music project the Caretaker. The official soundtrack album was issued on 23 January 2012. Unlike other albums of the Caretaker that used old recordings of playful and bright ballroom music, Kirby's score for the film uses a 1927 recording of Franz Schubert's song cycle for voice and piano Winterreise (1828) as its main audio source. It also differs from other works of the project where hissing sounds are used instead of crackles, the loops are shorter in lengths, and the non-musical aspects of each track (the hiss sounds) serve as the foreground of the mix. The soundtrack was favorably received by professional music journalists.

The Caretaker (musician)
James Leyland Kirby (born 9 May 1974), known professionally as the Caretaker, is an English ambient musician. His work as the Caretaker is characterized as exploring memory and its gradual deterioration, nostalgia, and melancholy. The project was initially inspired by the haunted ballroom scene in the 1980 film The Shining, the 1978 TV show Pennies from Heaven, and the 1962 film Carnival of Souls. His first several releases comprised treated and manipulated samples of 1930s ballroom pop recordings. Most of his album covers were painted by his friend, Ivan Seal.

The Caretaker's works have received critical acclaim in publications such as The Wire, The New York Times, and BBC Music.
PD Draw
The PD Draw is a partially dismantled railroad bridge on the Passaic River between Newark and Kearny in the US state of New Jersey. It was built as part of  Central Railroad of New Jersey line known as the  Newark and New York Branch.  The  swing bridge is the first crossing upstream from Newark Bay at mile point 1.2.

Hackensack Drawbridge
The Hackensack Drawbridge (also known as the HD Draw) was a double-track railroad movable bridge across the mouth of the Hackensack River between Jersey City and
Kearny, New Jersey. It was operational until 1946, when a steamship crashed into it.

Built and maintained by the Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ), the bridge was part of the Newark and New York Branch, a rail line characterized as the "costliest railroad" by W. H. Schmidt Jr., a columnist for Trains. Opened on July 23, 1869, the line was routed between terminals at Newark and Jersey City, where passengers could transfer to ferries to New York. It also crossed the Passaic River and the Kearny Point peninsula. Freight cars regularly traversed the bridge to deliver to various industries in Harrison.
Richard Vernon
Richard Evelyn Vernon (7 March 1925 – 4 December 1997) was a British actor. He appeared in many feature films and television programmes, often in aristocratic or supercilious roles. For example as Colonel Loring, a misplaced idealist responsible for the disappearance of a whole village in the Pied Piper of Hambledown episode in the classic spy-fi Department S.

Prematurely balding and greying, Vernon settled into playing archetypal middle-aged lords and military types while still in his 30s. He played Slartibartfast in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the lead role of Edwin Oldenshaw in The Man in Room 17 (1965–67), Sir James Greenley alias "C" in The Sandbaggers (1978–80), and Sir Desmond Glazebrook in Yes Minister (1980–81) and its sequel series Yes, Prime Minister (1987).

The Man in Room 17
The Man in Room 17 is a British television series which ran for two series in the mid-1960s, then a follow up series The Fellows (Late of Room 17), produced by Granada Television. Key to the series' success was the involvement of writer/producer Robin Chapman. The main characters were "high-IQ" sleuths investigating espionage cases and similarly complex cases.
Emperor's Cup
The Emperor's Cup JFA All-Japan Football Championship Tournament (Japanese: 天皇杯 JFA 全日本サッカー選手権大会, Hepburn: Tennōhai Jēefuē Zen-Nihon Sakkā Senshuken Taikai), commonly known as The Emperor's Cup (Japanese: 天皇杯, サッカー天皇杯, Hepburn: Tennōhai, Sakkā Tennōhai) or Japan FA Cup, and rebranded as The JFA Emperor's Cup from 2024 onwards, is a Japanese annual football competition. It has the longest tradition of any football tournament in Japan, dating back to 1921, before the formation of the J.League, the current JFL (not the former JFL), and their predecessor, the Japan Soccer League.

Before World War II, teams could qualify not only from Japan proper but also from Empire of Japan's colonies such as Korea, Taiwan, and sometimes Manchukuo. The winning club qualifies for the AFC Champions League and the Japanese Super Cup. The tournament's equivalent in women's football is the Empress's Cup.

The current holders are Machida Zelvia, having won their first cup in the 2025 edition.

Japan Football League
The Japan Football League (Japanese: 日本フットボールリーグ, Hepburn: Nihon Futtobōru Rīgu), also known as simply the JFL, is the 4th tier of the Japanese association football league system, positioned beneath the three divisions of the J.League. The league features fully professional teams that hold J.League associate membership among its ranks.
Woolooga Rail Bridge
Woolooga Rail Bridge is a heritage-listed railway bridge at Wide Bay Creek on the Theebine - Kilikivan railway line, Woolooga, Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1884 by McDermott, Owen & Co. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

Woolooga
Woolooga is a rural town and locality in the Gympie Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, the locality of Woolooga had a population of 310 people.

The town is located in the Gympie Region local government area, 221 kilometres (137 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane.
Iredell County, North Carolina
Iredell County (/ˈaɪərdɛl/ EYE-ər-del) is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,693. Its county seat is Statesville, and its largest community is Mooresville. The county was formed in 1788, subtracted from Rowan County. It is named for James Iredell, one of the first justices of the Supreme Court. Iredell County is included in the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, with data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

James Iredell
James Iredell (October 5, 1751 – October 20, 1799) was one of the first justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was appointed by President George Washington and served from 1790 until his death in 1799. His son, James Iredell Jr., was a governor of North Carolina.
Pratt, Read and Company Factory Complex
The Pratt, Read and Company Factory Complex is an historic industrial facility located in Deep River, Connecticut.  Established in 1863 by Pratt-Read and significantly enlarged in 1914, it was one of the principal sites of ivory processing in Connecticut, producing combs, buttons, and piano keys.  The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 1984.  It has been converted to residences.

Pratt-Read
Pratt-Read is an American manufacturing company based in Sycamore, Illinois, that produces screwdrivers. It is a subsidiary of Ideal Industries. Founded in 1798, it is one of the oldest companies in the United States.
Baker Lake, Nunavut
Baker Lake (Inuktitut syllabics: ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᖅ 'big lake joined by a river at both ends', Inuktitut: Qamani'tuaq 'where the river widens') is a hamlet in the Kivalliq Region, in Nunavut on mainland Canada. Located on the shore of the namesake Baker Lake, it is notable for being Nunavut's sole inland community. The community was given its English name in 1761 from Captain William Christopher who named it after Sir William Baker, the 11th Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company.

Baker Lake (Nunavut)
Baker Lake (Inuktitut: Qamani'tuaq; 'where the river widens') is a lake in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is fed by the Thelon River from the west and the Kazan River from the south. It outflows into Chesterfield Inlet. The lake is approximately 1,887 km2 (729 sq mi) in size. It has several named bays, and a few islands.

In 1762 William Christopher reached Baker Lake via Chesterfield Inlet. The Inuit hamlet of Baker Lake is at the west end of the lake near the mouth of the Thelon River. Although the Inuit had been in the area for some time, the first outside presence was the Royal North-West Mounted Police post at the east end of the lake in 1915. This was followed in 1916 by the Hudson's Bay Company post set up at the Kazan River delta until 1930 when it moved to its present location.
Policarpo Toro
Policarpo Toro Hurtado (born in Melipilla, Chile on February 6, 1856 – died 1921 in Santiago, Chile) was a Chilean naval officer.

He enlisted in the Chilean Navy in 1871 and visited Easter Island in 1875. From 1877 to 1879, he joined the English Navy as a second lieutenant. In 1879, as the War of the Pacific started, he asked to return to Chile and participated in several actions. In 1883, he visited Easter Island a second time and elaborated in a document the economic advantages to Chile in acquiring the island.

With government approval, he visited the island in 1887. After a year of negotiations with the islanders under Atamu Tekena, on September 9, 1888, he took possession of the island on behalf of Chile. In 1891, he refused to participate in naval actions against José Manuel Balmaceda's government in the 1891 Chilean Civil War and was separated from the navy. In 1893, in the general amnesty enacted by the new government, he was pensioned. He died in Santiago in 1921.

Atamu Tekena
Atamu Tekena or Atamu te Kena, full name Atamu Maurata Te Kena ʻAo Tahi (c. 1850 – August 1892) was the penultimate ‘Ariki or King of Rapa Nui (i.e. Easter Island) from 1883 until his death. In 1888, he signed a treaty of annexation ceding Easter Island to Chile in a ceremony officiated by Captain Policarpo Toro. His name is translated as "Adam the Gannet".