hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Mark Fields (businessman)
Mark Fields (born January 24, 1961) is an American businessman and former chief executive officer of Ford Motor Company. Prior to his July 1, 2014 appointment, Fields served as the company's chief operating officer. Previously, as Ford's president of The Americas, Fields developed "The Way Forward" plan and separately led a significant turnaround of Mazda. He succeeded Alan Mulally as Ford's president and CEO. Fields announced his retirement on May 22, 2017. He currently serves as senior advisor at TPG Capital and on several corporate boards and he previously served as interim CEO of Hertz.

Alan Mulally
Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American aerospace engineer and manufacturing executive. He was passed over as CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes and left to become the president and chief executive officer of the Ford Motor Company from 2006 to 2014.

He began his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969 and was largely credited with Boeing's resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s. Mulally is also widely credited with turning around Ford during the Great Recession, when American competitors were declared bankrupt and were bailed out by the federal government. Mulally's achievements at Ford are chronicled in the book American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company by Bryce G. Hoffman, published in 2012. On July 15, 2014, he was appointed to the Board of Directors of Google, a position which he had left by 2024.

In 2015, Mulally was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.
Puerto Ángel
Puerto Ángel (English: "Angel Port") is a Mexican small coastal town in the state of Oaxaca located in the municipality of San Pedro Pochutla. It, along with San Agustinillo and Playa Zipolite are known as the "Riviera Oaxaqueña". It is located 9 km south of city of Pochutla approximately 50 kilometers west of Huatulco and 80 kilometers east of Puerto Escondido. Despite tourism development since the 1960s, the town is still mostly a fishing village, located on a small bay surrounded by rocky hills that lead into the Sierra Madre del Sur. It was founded in the mid-19th century as a port for the region's coffee and lumber industries but since then other means of shipping these products has replaced it.

Playa Zipolite
Playa Zipolite is a beach community located in San Pedro Pochutla municipality on the southern coast of Oaxaca state in Mexico between Huatulco and Puerto Escondido.

Zipolite is best known for being Mexico's first and only legal public nude beach and for retaining much of the hippie culture that made it notable in the 1970s. The beach is popular with foreign tourists, especially backpackers, who stay in one of the many rustic cabins or camping spaces that line the beach. The locals refer to this place as the "Beach of the Dead": although it is very popular and close to many attractive resorts, it is also the deadliest beach in Mexico, taking around 50 swimmers every year due to its heavy current.
Thousand Island Lake
Thousand Island Lake is a large alpine lake in the Sierra Nevada, within the Ansel Adams Wilderness in eastern Madera County, California.

The lake is named for the many small rocky islands that dot its surface. Theodore Solomons probably established the 'Thousand Island' name, as this appears on his 1896 map. John Muir called it by "Islet Lake."

Ansel Adams Wilderness
The Ansel Adams Wilderness is a wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada of California, United States. The wilderness spans 231,533 acres (93,698 ha); 33.9% of the territory lies in the Inyo National Forest, 65.8% is in the Sierra National Forest, and the remaining 0.3% covers nearly all of Devils Postpile National Monument. Yosemite National Park lies to the north and northwest, while the John Muir Wilderness lies to the south.
George Frederick Leycester Marshall
Major-General George Frederick Leycester Marshall CIE (27 March 1843 Bridgnorth, Salop – 7 March 1934) was the son of William Marshall (a clergyman) and his wife Louisa Sophia, also brother of C. H. T. Marshall and uncle of Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall. He became a colonel in the Indian Army and was a naturalist interested in the birds and butterflies of India. Marshall described several new species of butterflies, along with Lionel de Nicéville, and discovered the white-tailed iora, sometimes referred to as Marshall's iIora. He wrote The butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon.

Marshall retired from the Royal (late Bengal) Engineers in November 1897. Marshall married Elizabeth Huntley Muir (1851, Agra - 1913) at Allahabad in 1874. One son George Leycester Knox (born 1875) died young at Simla on 20 July 1883. Marshall was made CIE in the 1893 New Year Honours.

Lionel de Nicéville
Charles Lionel Augustus de Nicéville (1852 in Bristol – 3 December 1901 in Calcutta from malaria) was a curator at the Indian Museum in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He studied the butterflies of the Indian subcontinent and wrote a three volume monograph on the butterflies of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma and Sri Lanka. He also studied the mantids of the Oriental region.
Yoh! Christmas
Yoh! Christmas is a South African romantic comedy television series inspired by the Norwegian series Home for Christmas. It premiered on Netflix on 15 December 2023, with Netflix introducing this new series in place of the annual series How to Ruin Christmas.

The series is predominantly in Zulu and English.

Home for Christmas (TV series)
Home for Christmas (Norwegian: Hjem til jul) is a Norwegian television series that premiered on Netflix in December 2019. It stars Ida Elise Broch as Johanne, who scrambles to get a boyfriend to bring home for Christmas Eve.

The romantic drama comedy consists of six or eight 30-minute episodes in each season and was Netflix's first Norwegian original series. The series received mostly positive reviews.

In 2022, the series was remade in Italy under the title "I Hate Christmas" (Italian: Odio il natale), running for a second series in 2023. It was also remade in South Africa in 2023, under the title "Yoh! Christmas".
Greater Stavanger
59°N 6°E﻿ / ﻿59°N 6°E﻿ / 59; 6
Greater Stavanger Region is a statistical metropolitan region in the county of Rogaland in southwestern Norway, with a total number of inhabitants of 364 308 as of 1. January 2025. It is centered on the metro's economical and cultural centre Stavanger. The metropolitan area is the third most populous in Norway.

1/ km22/ Population per km2

Metropolitan regions of Norway
There are 16 statistical metropolitan areas in Norway, of which six count as "Greater City Regions" (Storbyregioner) and ten as "City Regions" (Byregioner). The classification comes from Storbymeldingen (The Greater City Report) from the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. This report was composed in 2002–2003 to create a coherent policy for the development of metropolitan areas within Norwegian society. It was presented by then Minister of Local Government and Regional Development, Erna Solberg on 12 March 2003. The Greater City Regions contain cities with numbers of inhabitants ranging from around 60,000 to 1.4 million, while the City Regions range from around 45 to 175 thousand. This is out of a national population of around 5.2 million citizens.

The three most populous regions are the Greater Oslo Region, the Greater Bergen Region, and the Greater Stavanger Region.
Ursula Kuczynski
Ursula Kuczynski (15 May 1907 – 7 July 2000), also known as Ruth Werner, Ursula Beurton and Ursula Hamburger, was a German Communist activist who spied for the Soviet Union during the 1930s and 1940s, most famously as the handler of nuclear scientist Klaus Fuchs. She moved to East Germany in 1950 when Fuchs was unmasked, and published a series of books related to her espionage activities, including her bestselling autobiography, Sonjas Rapport.

Sources concerned with her espionage work in the 1930s/40s sometimes use the cover name originally suggested to her in Shanghai by her fellow intelligence operative and lover Richard Sorge: "Sonja", "Sonja Schultz" or, after she moved to Britain, "Sonya".

Richard Sorge
Richard Gustavovich Sorge (Russian: Рихард Густавович Зорге, romanized: Rikhard Gustavovich Zorge; 4 October 1895 – 7 November 1944) was a German-Russian journalist and Soviet military intelligence officer who was active before and during World War II and worked undercover as a German journalist in both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. His codename was "Ramsay" (Рамза́й).

Sorge is known for his service in Japan in 1940 and 1941, when he provided information about Adolf Hitler's plan to attack the Soviet Union. Then, in mid-September 1941, he informed the Soviets that Japan would not attack the Soviet Union in the near future. A month later, Sorge was arrested in Japan for espionage. He was tortured, forced to confess, tried and hanged in November 1944.  Stalin declined to intervene on his behalf with the Japanese.

He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1964.
Xie Weijun
Xie Weijun (Chinese: 谢维军; pinyin: Xiè Wéijūn; born 14 November 1997) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a striker for Chinese Super League club Tianjin Jinmen Tiger and the China national team. He is the son of Chinese former international Xie Yuxin.

Xie Yuxin
Xie Yuxin (simplified Chinese: 谢育新; traditional Chinese: 謝育新; pinyin: Xiè Yùxīn; Jyutping: Che6 Yuk6 San1; born 12 October 1968 in Xingning, Guangdong) is a retired Chinese international footballer. He made more than 100 appearances for his country in international competitions.

On 6 February 1987, Yuxin signed for PEC Zwolle '82, becoming the first Chinese person to play professional football abroad. He also held the record for being the youngest footballer, 1987–1996, at the age of 18 and youngest scorer, 1988–2003, at the age of 19, for the China national football team.
Atalanta
Atalanta (/ˌætəˈlæntə/; Ancient Greek: Ἀταλάντη, romanized: Atalántē, lit. 'equal in weight') is a heroine in Greek mythology.

There are two versions of the huntress Atalanta: one from Arcadia, whose parents were Iasus and Clymene and who is primarily known from the tales of the Calydonian boar hunt and the Argonauts; and the other from Boeotia, who is the daughter of King Schoeneus and is primarily noted for her skill in the footrace. In both versions, Atalanta was a local figure allied to the goddess Artemis; in such oral traditions, minor characters were often assigned different names, resulting in minor regional variations.

Calydonian boar hunt
The Calydonian boar hunt is one of the great heroic adventures in Greek legend. It occurred in the generation prior to that of the Trojan War, and stands alongside the other great heroic adventure of that generation, the voyage of the Argonauts, which preceded it. The purpose of the hunt was to kill the Calydonian boar (also called the Aetolian boar), which had been sent by Artemis to ravage the region of Calydon in Aetolia, because its king Oeneus had failed to honour her in his rites to the gods. The hunters, led by the hero Meleager, included many of the foremost heroes of Greece. In most accounts it is also concluded that a great heroine, Atalanta, won its hide by first wounding it with an arrow. This outraged many of the men, leading to a tragic dispute.
Civic Center station (MetroLink)
Civic Center station, originally Kiel station (for the Kiel Center under construction when the station opened), is a light rail station on the Red and Blue lines of the St. Louis MetroLink system. This below-grade station is located near 14th and Spruce streets near Interstate 64. It is the primary transfer station for MetroBus and serves regional bus routes operated by Madison County Transit. Additionally, the station adjoins the Gateway Transportation Center which has intercity services provided by Amtrak, Greyhound, and others.

On August 14, 2017, MetroBus service returned to the station after an extensive renovation of the bus station portion of Civic Center. It included multiple new bus bays, a security center, an indoor waiting area and public restrooms.

Enterprise Center
Enterprise Center is an 18,096-seat arena located in downtown St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Its primary tenant is the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, but it is also used for other functions, such as NCAA basketball, NCAA hockey, concerts, professional wrestling and more. In a typical year, the facility hosts about 175 events. Industry trade publication Pollstar has previously ranked Enterprise Center among the top ten arenas worldwide in tickets sold to non-team events, but the facility has since fallen into the upper sixties, as of 2017.

The arena opened in 1994 as the Kiel Center. It was known as the Savvis Center from 2000 to 2006, and Scottrade Center from 2006 to 2018. On May 21, 2018, the St. Louis Blues and representatives of Enterprise Holdings, based in St. Louis, announced that the naming rights had been acquired by Enterprise and that the facility's name, since July 1, 2018, adopted its current name.
Buddha Jumps Over the Wall
Buddha Jumps Over the Wall, also known as Buddha's Temptation or fotiaoqiang (Chinese: 佛跳牆; pinyin: fótiàoqiáng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu̍t-thiàu-chhiûⁿ), is a variety of shark fin soup in Fujian cuisine. This dish is known in Chinese cuisine for its rich taste and special manner of cooking. The dish's name is an allusion to the dish's ability to entice the vegetarian Buddhist monks from their temples to partake in the meat-based dish, and implies that even the strictly vegetarian Gautama Buddha would try to jump over a wall to sample it. It is high in protein and calcium. It is one of China's state banquet dishes.

Concerns over the sustainability and welfare of sharks limited its consumption and led to various modified versions without the usage of shark fin as ingredient.

Shark fin soup
Shark's fin soup is a soup or stewed dish served in parts of China and Southeast Asia. The shark fins provide texture, while the taste comes from the other ingredients. As one of the four sea delicacies, it is commonly served at special occasions such as weddings and banquets, or as a luxury item.

It has been condemned by the Humane Society International, which states that approximately 72 million sharks are killed each year for their fins. Currently, international concerns over the sustainability and welfare of sharks have impacted consumption and availability of the soup worldwide. Recently, health concerns about the high concentration of BMAA in shark fins have arisen.

Shark fin soup substitutes have lately appeared on the market which do not require any shark fins, thus avoiding the environmental damage caused by the shark finning practice.
Miles Breuer
Miles John Breuer (January 3, 1889 – October 14, 1945) was an American physician and science fiction writer of Czech origin.  Although he had published elsewhere since the early 20th century, he is considered the part of the first generation of writers to appear regularly in the pulp science fiction magazines, publishing his first story, "The Man with the Strange Head", in the January 1927 issue of Amazing Stories.  His best known works are "The Gostak and the Doshes" (1930) and two stories written jointly with Jack Williamson, "The Girl from Mars" (1929) and The Birth of a New Republic (1931).

Jack Williamson
John Stewart Williamson (April 29, 1908 – November 10, 2006) was an American science fiction writer, one of several called the "Dean of Science Fiction". He is also credited with one of the first uses of the term genetic engineering. Early in his career he sometimes used the pseudonyms Will Stewart and Nils O. Sonderlund.
Forest floor interception
Forest floor interception is the part of the (net) precipitation or throughfall that is temporarily stored in the top layer of the forest floor and successively evaporated within a few hours or days during and after the rainfall event. The forest floor can consist of bare soil, short vegetation (like grasses, mosses, creeping vegetation, etc.) or litter (i.e. leaves, twigs, or small branches).  This throughfall is especially rich in nutrients which makes its redistribution into the soil is an important factor for the ecology and water demand of surrounding vegetation. As a hydrological process it is crucial for water resource management and climate change.

Throughfall
In hydrology, throughfall is the process which describes how wet leaves shed excess water onto the ground surface. These drops have greater erosive power because they are heavier than rain drops. Furthermore, where there is a high canopy, falling drops may reach terminal velocity, about 8 metres (26 ft), thus maximizing the drop's erosive potential.

Rates of throughfall are higher in areas of forest where the leaves are broad-leaved. This is because the flat leaves allow water to collect. Drip-tips also facilitate throughfall. Rates of throughfall are lower in coniferous forests as conifers can only hold individual droplets of water on their needles.

Throughfall is a crucial process when designing pesticides for foliar application since it will condition their washing and the fate of potential pollutants in the environment.
Ground-adjustable propeller
A ground-adjustable propeller is a simple type of aircraft variable-pitch propeller where the blade angle can be adjusted between pre-set limits of fine and coarse pitch.  As its name implies, a ground-adjustable propeller may be adjusted only when the aircraft is on the ground and when the engine is not running.

Ground-adjustable propellers, which are mostly used on light and very light aircraft, are much cheaper and lighter than more sophisticated and versatile in-flight-adjustable propellers. A ground-adjustable propeller allows pitch changes to be made, although not in flight, to optimise the aircraft for current payload and flying conditions.

Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
In aeronautics, a variable-pitch propeller is a type of propeller (airscrew) with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change the blade pitch. A controllable-pitch propeller is one where the pitch is controlled manually by the pilot. Alternatively, a constant-speed propeller is one where the pilot sets the desired engine speed (RPM), and the blade pitch is controlled automatically without the pilot's intervention so that the rotational speed remains constant. The device which controls the propeller pitch and thus speed is called a propeller governor or constant speed unit.

Reversible propellers are those where the pitch can be set to negative values. This creates reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.

While some aircraft have ground-adjustable propellers, these are not considered variable-pitch. These are typically found only on light aircraft and microlights.
Education in Azerbaijan
Education in Azerbaijan is regulated by the Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbaijan.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI) finds that Azerbaijan is fulfilling only 85.6% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income. HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Azerbaijan's income level, the nation is achieving 81.0% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education and 90.3% for secondary education.

Ministry of Science and Education (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Elm və Təhsil Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulating the education system in Azerbaijan.
South African National Defence Force
The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) comprises the armed forces of South Africa. The Chief of the SANDF is appointed by the President of South Africa from one of the armed services. They are in turn accountable to the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans of the Defence Department.

The military as it exists today was created in 1994, following South Africa's first nonracial election in April of that year and the adoption of a new constitution. It replaced the South African Defence Force and also integrated uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), and the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) guerilla forces.

Department of Defence (South Africa)
The Department of Defence is a department of the South African government. It oversees the South African National Defence Force, the armed forces responsible for defending South Africa.

As of June 2024 the Minister of Defence and Military Veterans is Angie Motshekga.
Saint Paul's Battery
Saint Paul's Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' San Pawl), also known as Ta' Lombardi Battery (Maltese: Batterija ta' Lombardi), is an artillery battery in Marsaxlokk, Malta. It stands on high ground at the shoreward end of Delimara Point, above il-Ħofra-z-Zgħira. It is a polygonal fort and was built by the British from 1881 to 1886. It commands a field of fire northwards over St Thomas' Bay and Marsaskala.

Approximately 350 m (1,150 ft) south is Fort Tas-Silġ, a much larger polygonal style fortification.

Fort Tas-Silġ
Fort Tas-Silġ (formerly written as Fort Ta Silc, Maltese: Il-Fortizza tas-Silġ) is a polygonal fort in Marsaxlokk, Malta. It was built between 1879 and 1883 by the British on high ground at the shoreward end of Delimara Point, above il-Ħofra-ż-Żgħira. Its primary function was as a fire control point controlling the massed guns of Fort Delimara on the headland below.

It was part of a chain of fortifications intended to protect Marsaxlokk Harbour, along with Fort Delimara seaward along Delimara point, the north arm of Marsaxlokk Bay, Fort San Lucian on Kbira point in the middle of the bay, Fort Benghisa on Bengħisa Point, and the Pinto and Ferretti batteries on the shores of the bay.

Approximately 300 metres north of Fort Tas-Silġ is the Saint Paul's Battery, a much smaller polygonal style fortification, that is in much worse condition.
Flexicoil suspension
Flexicoil suspension is a type of secondary suspension for railway vehicles, typically having steel coil springs between the bogies and chassis of a passenger coach, freight car, or locomotive.  Suspension systems using steel springs are more common than those with air springs, as steel springs are less costly to make, relatively wear resistant, and require less maintenance.

Bogie
A bogie (/ˈboʊɡi/ BOH-ghee) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers) or be quickly detachable (as for a dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies).

Although bogie is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used.