hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Annualized loss expectancy
The annualized loss expectancy (ALE)  is the product of the annual rate of occurrence (ARO) and the single loss expectancy (SLE).  It is mathematically expressed as:

Suppose that an asset is valued at $100,000, and the Exposure Factor (EF) for this asset is 25%. The single loss expectancy (SLE) then, is 25% * $100,000, or $25,000.

The annualized loss expectancy is the product of the annual rate of occurrence (ARO) and the single loss expectancy.
ALE = ARO * SLE

For an annual rate of occurrence of 1, the annualized loss expectancy is 1 * $25,000, or $25,000.

For an ARO of 3, the equation is:
ALE = 3 * $25,000. Therefore:
ALE = $75,000

Single-loss expectancy
Single-loss expectancy (SLE) is the monetary value expected from the occurrence of a risk on an asset. It is related to risk management and risk assessment.

Single-loss expectancy is mathematically expressed as:

Where the exposure factor is represented in the impact of the risk over the asset, or percentage of asset lost. As an example, if the asset value is reduced by two thirds, the exposure factor value is 0.66. If the asset is completely lost, the exposure factor is 1.

The result is a monetary value in the same unit as the single-loss expectancy is expressed (euros, dollars, yens, etc.):
exposure factor is the subjective, potential percentage of loss to a specific asset if a specific threat is realized. The exposure factor is a subjective value that the person assessing risk must define.
Dick Parry
Richard Parry (born 22 December 1942) is an English saxophonist. He has appeared as a session musician on various albums, most notably in solo parts on the Pink Floyd songs "Money", "Us and Them", "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" and "Wearing the Inside Out". He also played on the Bloodstone album Riddle of the Sphinx.

Shine On You Crazy Diamond
"Shine On You Crazy Diamond" is a nine-part composition by the English rock band Pink Floyd for their 1975 album Wish You Were Here. It was written by David Gilmour, Roger Waters, and Richard Wright, and first performed on Pink Floyd's 1974 French tour. The song is written about the Pink Floyd founder member Syd Barrett, who left in 1968 following mental health problems.
Minuscule 483
Minuscule 483 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 376 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1285 (altered to 985). 
It contains liturgical books with hagiographies: Synaxarion and Menologion. Scrivener labelled it by number 543. The manuscript has complex contents.

Minuscule 74
Minuscule 74 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 321 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It was written in 1291 or 1292. Some leaves of the codex were lost. It was adapted for liturgical use. It has full marginalia. The manuscript is lacunose.
Secret: Untold Melody
Secret: Untold Melody (Korean: 말할 수 없는 비밀) is a 2025 South Korean romantic fantasy film directed by Seo Yoo-min and starring Doh Kyung-soo, Won Jin-ah, and Shin Ye-eun. The film is a remake of the 2007 Taiwanese film Secret by Jay Chou. It follows Yu-jun, a piano prodigy and music student, who accidentally encounters Jung-a playing mysterious music in an old practice room on campus, sparking a fantasy romance. The film was released on January 27, 2025.

Secret (2007 film)
Secret (traditional Chinese: 不能說的·秘密; simplified Chinese: 不能说的·秘密; pinyin: Bùnéng shuō de·mìmì; lit. 'The Secret That Cannot Be Told') is a 2007 musical romantic film. A Taiwanese-Hong Kong co-production, it is the directorial debut feature film of Taiwanese musician Jay Chou, who also stars as the male lead and co-wrote the film. In addition to himself, the film also stars Gwei Lun-mei and Anthony Wong. Filming was conducted at Tamkang High School, New Taipei City, Taiwan, which is also the alma mater of Jay Chou. The budget was about NT$65 million.

In 2007, it received six nominations at the 44th Golden Horse Awards and won Outstanding Taiwanese Film of the Year, Best Original Song for "Secret" ("不能說的祕密") and Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for Best Asian Film at the 27th Hong Kong Film Awards in 2008. In 2016, an adapted brand new stage musical with same name was jointly produced by US Broadway and China Broadway.
Corella (lichen)
Corella is a small genus of basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae. The genus was proposed in 1890 by the Finnish lichenologist Edvard Vainio based on specimens from Brazil, and, for more than a century, only the type species C. brasiliensis was recognised. Genetic studies published in 2013 showed that Corella and the morphologically similar foliose genus Cora belong to separate, well-supported lineages within the subtribe Dictyonemateae, and that their leaf-like thalli evolved independently. high-throughput DNA barcoding of both fresh collections and herbarium specimens up to 130 years old has since revealed at least ten phylogenetic lineages, and extended confirmed records from Costa Rica southward to Brazil and Colombia; however, only C. brasiliensis and C. melvinii have so far been formally described. These lichens form thin, grey-olive, scale- to leaf-like patches on soil-covered rock and other damp substrates in humid montane forests.

Hygrophoraceae
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics (gilled mushrooms), including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species (the waxcaps or waxy caps), DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Betty Go-Belmonte
Billie Mary "Betty" Chua Go-Belmonte (Chinese: 吳友德; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Gô͘ Iú-tek; pinyin: Wú Yǒudé; December 31, 1933 – January 28, 1994) was a Filipina journalist and newspaper publisher. She established the STAR Group of Publications which publishes the national newspaper, The Philippine Star and The Freeman, the tabloids Pilipino Star Ngayon, Pang-Masa, and Banat, as well as the magazines Starweek, People Asia, and The Fookien Times Yearbook.

A street and a Manila LRT Line 2 station was named after her.

Pilipino Star Ngayon
Pilipino Star Ngayon, self-styled as Pilipino Star NGAYON and first known as Ang Pilipino Ngayon, is the a tabloid newspaper of daily nationwide circulation in the Philippines. It is written and published in Filipino, the national language of the Philippines. The tabloid newspaper is owned and operated by PhilStar Daily, Inc., under its subsidiary, Pilipino Star NGAYON, Inc.
Surfin' Bird
"Surfin' Bird" is a song performed by American surf rock band the Trashmen, containing the repetitive lyric "the bird is the word". It has been covered many times. The song is a combination of two R&B hits by the Rivingtons: "Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow" and "The Bird's the Word".

The song was released as a single in 1963 and reached Number 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. The Trashmen also recorded an album named after the track, released two months later.

Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow
"Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow" is a novelty nonsensical doo-wop song by the Rivingtons in 1962. It peaked at number 48 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 35 on the Cashbox charts. The band released two similar follow-up songs over the next several months, "Mama-Oom-Mow-Mow (The Bird)" and "The Bird's the Word".
Sakuradamon incident (1932)
The Sakuradamon incident was an unsuccessful assassination attempt against Japanese Emperor Hirohito on January 8, 1932, at the gate Sakuradamon in Tokyo, Empire of Japan.

The attack was carried out by Korean independence activist Lee Bong-chang, a member of the Korean Patriotic Organization. Lee threw a grenade at the Japanese Emperor, but the grenade failed to kill him. Lee was promptly arrested, tried, sentenced, and executed on October 10, 1932. He is now remembered as a martyr in South Korea, where the attack is sometimes referred to as the Patriotic Deed of Lee Bong-chang (Korean: 이봉창의사 의거).

In the aftermath of the attack, Japanese authorities stepped up their search for Kim Ku and other members of the Korean Provisional Government, which had funded the operation.

Korean Patriotic Organization
The Korean Patriotic Organization (Korean: 한인애국단) was a militant organization under the Korean Provisional Government (KPG) and founded in Shanghai, China in 1931. It aimed to assassinate military and government leaders of the Empire of Japan. The group also went by the name Ŭisaenggun.

Most notably, the group was behind a nearly successful assassination attempt on Emperor Hirohito in January 1932 and a successful attack in Hongkou Park (now Lu Xun Park) in April 1932. After May 1932, the group largely stopped its activities and disbanded.

The organization ultimately improved the relationship between the KPG and the Republic of China government, although it provoked a crackdown on KPG activities from the Japanese.

It was founded and led by Kim Ku, a prominent member of the Korean independence movement. Its executives were Kim Suk, An Gong-geun, Lee Su-bong, and Lee Yu-pil. Notable members included Yun Bong-gil, Lee Bong-chang, Lee Deok-ju, and Choi Heung-sik.
Renwick Gallery
The Renwick Gallery is a branch of the Smithsonian American Art Museum located in Washington, D.C. that displays American craft and decorative arts from the 19th to 21st century. The gallery is housed in a National Historic Landmark building that was opened in 1859 on Pennsylvania Avenue and originally housed the Corcoran Gallery of Art. When it was built in 1859, it was called "the American Louvre", and is now named for its architect James Renwick Jr.

James Renwick Jr.
James Renwick Jr. (November 11, 1818 – June 23, 1895) was an American architect known for designing churches and museums. He designed the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington, D.C., and St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York. The Encyclopedia of American Architecture calls him "one of the most successful American architects of his time".
Sten Swedlund
Rear Admiral Sten Gustaf Ivar Swedlund (13 March 1937 – 14 July 2014) was a Swedish Navy officer. Swedlund's senior commands include as commander of the South Coast Naval Base from 1987 to 1990 and Commander-in-Chief of the Coastal Fleet from 1990 to 1994. After retiring from the military, Swedlund became involved in the Red Cross's international aid activities in Yugoslavia, North Korea and Iraq during the Iraq War.

Rear admiral (Sweden)
Rear admiral (RAdm) (Swedish: Konteramiral, Kam) is a two-star commissioned naval officer rank in the Swedish Navy. Rear admiral ranks above rear admiral (lower half) and below vice admiral. Rear admiral is equivalent to the rank of major general.
Makund Behari Lal
Makund Bihari Lal  Sahab (31 January 1907 – 5 December 2002)  popularly known as "Param Guru Huzur Dr. M.B. Lal Sahab" was the Seventh Revered Sant Satguru of the Radha Soami sect or Radhasoami Satsang Dayalbagh, Agra. He was also a zoologist who served as a professor in the Department of Zoology and subsequently as the Vice-Chancellor of University of Lucknow from 1968 to 1971. 
He was also the Founder Director of DEI (Dayalbagh Educational Institute)and the master architect of its education policy, 1975. He functioned as Spiritual Head of Radhasoami Satsang Sabha from 1975 to 2002.

Salig Ram
Salig Ram, successor of Shiv Dayal Singh second Sant Satguru of the Radhasoami Satsang popularly known by the honorific "Huzur Maharaj" and by the government-conferred title "Rai Bahadur," was born in Peepal Mandi, Agra, on 14 March 1829. He served as chief inspector of post offices in British India, and, in 1881, was Postmaster-General of the North-Western Provinces, based in Allahabad. He was the first Indian to hold the position.

Salig Ram came in contact with his guru, Shiv Dayal Singh, in 1858 in Agra. Salig Ram recognised his guru as the first physical incarnation of the Supreme Being, whom Salig Ram called by the name "Radha Soami." Salig Ram served Shiv Dayal Singh for many years and, after  Shiv Dayal Singh's death, Salig Ram retired from his job, and the Radha Soami sect in Agra took up the role of guru. He died on 6 December 1898.
Merchant Mariner Credential
The Merchant Mariner Credential (MMC) is a credential issued by the United States Coast Guard in accordance with guidelines of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) to United States seafarers in order to show evidence of a mariner's qualifications.  It is the standard documentation required for all crew members of U.S. ships for all vessels required to operate with a licensed Master or Operator, regardless of size.  The MMC replaced the Merchant Mariner's Document, merchant mariner license, Certificate of Registry, and STCW Certificate.

Merchant Mariner's Document
Under the Seafarers' Identity Documents Convention, 1958, countries with a merchant navy (also called a merchant marine) require identifying credentials for their mariners. The Merchant Mariner's Document (MMD) or Z-card in the United States, and the Ordinary Seaman's Certificate in the United Kingdom are examples of these credentials.
Oswego Starchmakers
The Oswego Starchmakers were a minor league baseball team based in Oswego, New York. From 1905 to 1907, the Starchmakers played as members of the Class D level Empire State, winning the 1907 league championship. Oswego hosted minor league home games at Richardson Park.

Oswego Starchboxes
The Oswego Starchboxes were a minor league baseball team based in Oswego, New York, and Oswego County, New York. The Starchboxes played as members of the 1886 and 1887 International League and 1888 Eastern International League. The Starchboxes hosted home games at Richardson Park in Oswego.
21 SAS (Reserve)
The 21 Special Air Service Regiment (Artists) (Reserve), historically known as The Artists Rifles, is a regiment of the British Army Reserve. Its name is abbreviated to 21 SAS(R).

Raised in London in 1859 as a volunteer light infantry unit, the regiment saw active service during the Second Boer War and the First World War, earning a number of battle honours. During the Second World War, it was used as an officer training unit. The regiment was disbanded in 1945, but in 1947 it was re-established to resurrect the Special Air Service Regiment. Together with 23 Special Air Service Regiment (Reserve) (23 SAS(R)), it forms the Special Air Service (Reserve) (SAS(R)) part of the United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF) directorate.

Volunteer Force
The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881, before forming part of the Territorial Force in 1908. Most of the regiments of the present Army Reserves  Infantry, Artillery, Engineers and Signals units are directly descended from Volunteer Force units.
Ontario Highway 105
King's Highway 105, commonly referred to as Highway 105, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. Located in the Kenora District of northern Ontario, the highway extends for 173.5 kilometres (107.8 mi) from an intersection with Highway 17 between Kenora and Dryden with the Red Lake mining area to the north. The route also passes through the town of Ear Falls near its midpoint. Highway 105 was built to provide access to the large gold deposits at Red Lake, which were only accessible by boat or plane between their discovery in 1926 and the opening of the highway in 1946. Highway 105 passes through long stretches of isolated forest and lakeland, with no services available between the distanced communities along the route.

Ear Falls
Ear Falls is a township located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, on the banks of the English River, Lac Seul, Pakwash Lake and Wenesaga Lake. It is located along Highway 105, 100 kilometres (62 mi) north of Highway 17 and Vermilion Bay, about halfway between Highway 17 and Red Lake, or about 480 kilometres (300 mi) northwest of Thunder Bay.

Ear Falls is entirely surrounded by Unorganized Kenora District. The closest community to Ear Falls is Wabauskang First Nation, followed by the unincorporated community of Perrault Falls. It was first incorporated as an Improvement District in 1970 out of unorganized area.
General of the branch
A general of the branch, general of the branch of service or general of the ... (where instead of the ellipsis an appropriate name of the military branch is being put) is a three or four-star general officer rank in some armies. Several nations divide — or used to divide — their senior general officer ranks by the branch of troops they are qualified to command, or simply as an honorific title.

Generaloberstabsarzt
Generaloberstabsarzt and Admiraloberstabsarzt are the top Joint Medical Service OF-8 ranks of the German Bundeswehr. The equivalent to this ranks in the Heer is Generalleutnant and in the German Navy the Vizeadmiral.
1977 Manitoba general election
The 1977 Manitoba general election was held on October 11, 1977, to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.  It was won by the Progressive Conservative Party, which took 33 seats out of 57.  The governing New Democratic Party fell to 23 seats, while the Liberal Party won only one seat.

New Democratic Party of Manitoba
The New Democratic Party of Manitoba (Manitoba NDP; French: Nouveau Parti démocratique du Manitoba), branded as Manitoba's NDP, is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. It is the provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party, and is a successor to the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. It is currently the governing party in Manitoba.
Hitzacker
Hitzacker (German pronunciation: [ˈhɪtsˌʔakɐ] ⓘ; Polabian: Ľautťüv) is a town in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Elbe, approx. 8 km north of Dannenberg, and 45 km east of Lüneburg. The 2007 population of Hitzacker was 4,982, and its postal code is 29456. The mayor is Holger Mertins. The town is located on the German Timber-Frame Road and is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Elbtalaue.

The famous library now in Wolfenbüttel was founded here by Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (who died in 1666) and was moved to its present location in 1643.

Augustus II, Duke of Brunswick
Augustus II  (10 April 1579 – 17 September 1666), called the Younger (German: August der Jüngere), a member of the House of Welf was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the estate division of the House of Welf of 1635, he received the Principality of Wolfenbüttel which he ruled until his death. Considered one of the most literate princes of his time, he is known for founding the Herzog August Library at his Wolfenbüttel residence, then the largest collection of books and manuscripts north of the Alps.
India of Inchinnan
55°53′06″N 4°26′28″W﻿ / ﻿55.885°N 4.441°W﻿ / 55.885; -4.441

India of Inchinnan is now a commercial site in Inchinnan, Renfrewshire, Scotland, that was formerly used for various industrial uses.  It includes the former office block of India Tyres of Inchinnan - a Category A listed building in the art deco style, designed in 1930 by Thomas Wallis of Wallis, Gilbert and Partners.  The office block was similar in style to Wallis, Gilbert and Partners' Hoover Building in Perivale, London.

Inchinnan
Inchinnan (/ɪntʃˈɪnən/; Scottish Gaelic: Innis Fhionghain) is a small village in Renfrewshire, Scotland.  The village is located on the main A8 road between Renfrew and Greenock, just south east of the town of Erskine.
AS Carcassonne
Association Sportive of Carcassonne are a semi-professional rugby league football club based in Carcassonne in the region of Occitanie in the south of France. They play in the French Super XIII and are one of the most successful clubs in French rugby league, having won a total of twelve French rugby league championship titles and seventeen Lord Derby Cups.

The club was founded in 1938 and to date has produced debatably the best ever French Rugby league footballer in Puig Aubert. The club plays its home matches at the Stade Albert Domec.

The club runs both youth teams and a ladies' team.

Coupe de France Lord Derby
The Coupe de France Lord Derby (lit. 'Lord Derby French Cup'), or just Coupe Lord Derby ('Lord Derby Cup'), is the premier knockout competition for the sport of rugby league football in France, as well as the name of its championship trophy. The tournament was first contested in 1934–35, which also marked the inaugural season of the French Rugby League Championship.

Each round is played in single-elimination mode. The Lord Derby Cup was previously open to all professional and amateur clubs, but since the 2023–2024 edition has been limited to teams in the top two divisions.
Arhavi
Arhavi (Laz: არქაბი/Arǩabi; Georgian: არქაბი/arkabi) is a town in Artvin Province located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Arhavi District. Its population is 17,558 (2022), making it the third most populous municipality in Artvin Province. Laz people form a large portion of the population. The terrain is hilly and mountainous. Area of the city center is about 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi). The length of the coast is about 10 km (6.2 mi). Arhavi is famous by the Culture and Art Festival that celebrated since 1973.

Laz people
The Laz people, or Lazi (Laz: ლაზი Lazi; Georgian: ლაზი, lazi; or ჭანი, ch'ani; Turkish: Laz), are a Kartvelian ethnic group native to the South Caucasus, who mainly live in Black Sea coastal regions of Turkey and Georgia. They traditionally speak the Laz language (which is a member of the Kartvelian language family) but have experienced a rapid language shift to Turkish.

Of the 103,900 ethnic Laz in Turkey, only around 20,000 speak Laz and the language is classified as threatened (6b) in Turkey and shifting (7) in Georgia on the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale.
Papadic Octoechos
Oktōēchos (here transcribed "Octoechos"; Greek: ὁ Ὀκτώηχος, pronounced in Constantinopolitan: Ancient Greek pronunciation: [oxˈtoixos]; from ὀκτώ "eight" and ἦχος "sound, mode" called echos; Slavonic: Осмогласие, Osmoglasie from о́смь "eight" and гласъ "voice, sound") is the name of the eight mode system used for the composition of religious chant in Byzantine, Syriac, Armenian, Georgian, Latin and Slavic churches since the Middle Ages. In a modified form the octoechos is still regarded as the foundation of the tradition of monodic Orthodox chant today.

Until 1204 neither the Hagia Sophia nor any other cathedral of the Byzantine Empire did abandon its habits, and the Hagiopolitan eight mode system came into use not earlier than in the mixed rite of Constantinople, after the patriarchate and the court had returned from their exile in Nikaia in 1261.

Sticheron
A sticheron (Greek: στιχηρόν "set in verses"; plural: stichera; Greek: στιχηρά) is a hymn of a particular genre sung during the daily evening (Hesperinos/Vespers) and morning (Orthros) offices, and some other services, of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches.

Stichera are usually sung in alternation with or immediately after psalm or other scriptural verses. These verses are known as stichoi (sing: stichos), but sticheraric poetry usually follows the hexameter and is collected in a book called sticherarion (Greek: στιχηράριον). A sticherarion is a book containing the stichera for the morning and evening services throughout the year, but chant compositions in the sticheraric melos can also be found in other liturgical books like the Octoechos or the Anastasimatarion, or in the Anthology for the Divine Liturgy.