hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
American Campaign Medal
The American Campaign Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942, by Executive Order 9265 issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The medal was intended to recognize those military members who had performed military service in the American Theater of Operations during World War II.  A similar medal, known as the American Defense Service Medal was awarded for active duty service before the United States' entry into World War II.

American Defense Service Medal
The American Defense Service Medal was a military award of the United States Armed Forces, established by Executive Order 8808, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, on June 28, 1941. The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had served on active duty between September 8, 1939, and December 7, 1941.

A similar medal, known as the American Campaign Medal, was established in 1942, for service in the American Theater during the World War II era.
William Standish Knowles
William Standish Knowles (June 1, 1917 – June 13, 2012) was an American chemist. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts.  Knowles was one of the recipients of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.  He split half the prize with Ryōji Noyori for their work in asymmetric synthesis, specifically for his work in hydrogenation reactions.  The other half was awarded to K. Barry Sharpless for his work in oxidation reactions.

Ryōji Noyori
Ryōji Noyori (野依 良治, Noyori Ryōji; born 3 September 1938) is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001, Noyori shared a half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations; the second half of the prize went to K. Barry Sharpless for his study in chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions (Sharpless epoxidation).
Izu Islands
The Izu Islands (伊豆諸島, Izu Shotō; Japanese pronunciation: [i.(d)zɯ, i.(d)zɯ ɕoꜜ.toː]) are a group of volcanic islands stretching south and east from the Izu Peninsula of Honshū, Japan. Administratively, they form two towns and six villages; all part of Tokyo Prefecture. The largest is Izu Ōshima, usually called simply Ōshima.

Although usually called the "Seven Islands of Izu" (伊豆七島 in Japanese), there are in fact more than a dozen islands and islets. Nine among them are currently inhabited.

Lot's Wife (crag)
Lot's Wife (孀婦岩, Sōfu-iwa or Sōfugan; "Widow Rock") is a volcanic desert island located in the Philippine Sea approximately 650 kilometres (400 mi) south off the coast of Tokyo, at the southernmost tip of the Izu archipelago, Japan. Though only 0.01 km2 (0.004 sq mi) in area, it reaches almost 100 metres (330 ft) in height.
Lycée Franco-Mexicain
The Liceo Franco Mexicano A.C. or the Lycée Franco-Mexicain is a private French school with three campuses. It is one of the largest French lycées in the world with over 3,000 students in its two Mexico City campuses: Polanco in Miguel Hidalgo in northern Mexico City, and Coyoacán in southern Mexico City.

There is a third campus, École Molière de Cuernavaca (Escuela Molière), in the city of Ocotepec, Cuernavaca, Morelos.

Agency for French Education Abroad
The Agency for French Education Abroad, also known as the Agency for French Teaching Abroad (French: Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger; AEFE), is a national public agency under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France that ensures the quality of schools teaching the French national curriculum outside France. The AEFE has 495 schools in its worldwide network, with French as the primary language of instruction in most schools.

The AEFE head office is in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.
Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad
The Gulf, Mobile and Ohio (reporting mark GMO) was a Class I railroad in the central United States whose primary routes extended from Mobile, Alabama, and New Orleans, Louisiana, to  St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, as well as Chicago, Illinois. From its two parallel lines through eastern Mississippi, the GM&O also served Montgomery and Birmingham, Alabama, as well as Memphis, Tennessee.

Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad
The Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad (reporting mark GMN) was a railroad in the Southern United States. The first World War had forced government operation upon the company; and in 1919, when it became once more a free agent, it chose Isaac B. Tigrett to chart its new course. Tigrett, a native of Jackson, Tennessee, was president of the GM&N from 1920 and of its successor, the GM&O, from 1938 to 1952, and oversaw the development of the road from a nearly bankrupt operation into a thriving success.  He was the great-uncle of Hard Rock Cafe founder Isaac Tigrett, also a native of Jackson.

At the end of 1925 GM&N operated 466 miles of road and 574 miles of track; that year it reported 419 million ton-miles of revenue freight and 12 million passenger-miles.

On September 13, 1940, the GM&N was merged with the Mobile and Ohio Railroad to form the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad.
Dhokla
Dhokla or dokla is a savoury sponge dish that is native to the Indian state of Gujarat and parts of adjacent states, and is popular throughout the country. It is made with a fermented batter that is steamed to a cake-like consistency. The batter consists of a mixture of rice with the pulse Bengal gram, but has several variants with the gram replaced by chickpeas, pigeon peas, or urad beans.

Khandvi (food)
Khandvi (Gujarati: ખાંડવી khāṇḍvī), also known as patuli, dahivadi or suralichi vadi (Marathi: सुरळीची वडी), is a savory snack in Maharashtrian cuisine and Gujarati cuisine of India. It consists of yellowish, tightly rolled bite-sized pieces and is primarily made of gram flour and yogurt.

Khandvi is readily available across India and is commonly eaten as an appetizer or snack. Many people choose to buy it from local shops rather than preparing it at home. It is sometimes served with garlic chutney.
Phil Lester
Philip Michael Lester (born 30 January 1987) is an English YouTuber and presenter. He is best known for his YouTube channels AmazingPhil and Dan and Phil (formerly DanAndPhilGAMES), which, as of October 2025, have 3.84 million and 2.96 million subscribers, respectively. Active since 2006, AmazingPhil is considered among the first notable British YouTubers. Lester appeared on The Sunday Times 2019 list of the top influencers in the UK.

Lester is also known for his frequent collaboration with his partner, Daniel Howell, as part of the entertainment duo Dan and Phil. Together, they presented the Sunday night entertainment show Dan and Phil on BBC Radio 1 from January 2013 until August 2014, and from September 2014 to April 2016 the duo were monthly hosts on the station's The Internet Takeover slot.

The Internet Takeover
The Internet Takeover was a British radio show hosted on BBC Radio 1 on Monday nights, presented by various members of the online video blogging community.

It was the successor to the Dan and Phil show hosted by Daniel Howell and Phil Lester (Dan and Phil), both of whom had a monthly slot on the programme. The show was broadcast until April 2016 when it was replaced by The Student Radio Playlist.
Moon Palace
Moon Palace is a novel written by Paul Auster that was first published in 1989.

The novel is set in Manhattan and the U.S. Southwest, and centers on the life of the narrator Marco Stanley Fogg and the two previous generations of his family.

Paul Auster
Paul Benjamin Auster (February 3, 1947 – April 30, 2024) was an American writer, novelist, memoirist, poet, and filmmaker. His notable works include The New York Trilogy (1987), Moon Palace (1989), The Music of Chance (1990), The Book of Illusions (2002), The Brooklyn Follies (2005), Invisible (2009), Sunset Park (2010), Winter Journal (2012), and 4 3 2 1 (2017). His books have been translated into more than 40 languages.
Atsinanana
Atsinanana is a coastal region in eastern Madagascar. It borders Analanjirofo region in the north, Alaotra-Mangoro in the west, Vakinankaratra and Amoron'i Mania in the southwest, and Vatovavy in the south. The region contains over 285km of coastline, which includes many beaches and cultural heritage sites.

Atsinanana is known for its fish breeding and fishing near its ports, ore claims and mining activity, as well as its agriculture.

The capital of the region is Toamasina, and the population was 1,484,403 in 2018. The area of Atsinanana is 21,934 km2 (8,469 sq mi), almost exactly the same as its neighbor, Analanjirofo.

The current governor of Atsinanana is Richard Théodore Rafidison.

Toamasina
Toamasina (Malagasy pronunciation: [toˈmasinə̥]), meaning "like salt" or "salty", unofficially and in French Tamatave or in the past as Port aux prunes, is the capital of the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar on the Indian Ocean. The city is the chief seaport of the country, situated 215 km (134 mi) northeast of its capital and largest city Antananarivo. In 2018 Toamasina had a population of 325,857.
Ihor Zhdanov
Ihor Oleksandrovych Zhdanov (Ukrainian: Ігор Олександрович Жданов; 29 December 1967) is a Ukrainian politician who served as the Minister of Youth and Sports in both the Yatsenyuk Government and in the Groysman Government. Zhdanov is also the president of the Open Politics analytical center.

Second Yatsenyuk Government
The second Yatsenyuk government was created in Ukraine after the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election. On 2 December 2014, 288 members (of the 423) of the Ukrainian parliament approved the composition of the cabinet. The Government was backed by (the political parties) Petro Poroshenko Bloc, People's Front, Self Reliance, Fatherland and Radical Party.

Radical Party left the coalition on 1 September 2015.

After Fatherland and Self Reliance left the coalition on 17 and 18 February 2016 the coalition became 5 deputies short of the 226 needed. It was then disputed that Radical Party had left the coalition until on 29 March 2016 it was officially announced in parliament that on September 1, 2015, Radical Party had left the coalition.

On 10 April 2016 Prime Minister Yatsenyuk announced he resigned. On 14 April 2016 Yatsenyuk was replaced by new Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman and thus the Groysman Government became the next cabinet of Ukraine.
Maier's theorem
In number theory, Maier's theorem is a theorem due to Helmut Maier about the numbers of primes in short intervals for which Cramér's probabilistic model of primes gives a wrong answer.

The theorem states (Maier 1985) that if π is the prime-counting function and λ > 1, then

does not have a limit as x tends to infinity; more precisely the limit superior is greater than 1, and the limit inferior is less than 1. The Cramér model of primes predicts incorrectly that it has limit 1 when λ ≥ 2 (using the Borel–Cantelli lemma).

Helmut Maier
Helmut Maier (born 17 October 1953) is a German mathematician and professor at the University of Ulm, Germany. He is known for his contributions in analytic number theory and mathematical analysis and particularly for the so-called Maier's matrix method as well as Maier's theorem for primes in short intervals. He has also done important work in exponential sums and trigonometric sums over special sets of integers and the Riemann zeta function.
Antonins
The Antonins, known formally as the Antonin Maronite Order (Latin: Ordo Antonianorum Maronitarum; abbreviated OAM), is a monastic order of pontifical right for men in the Maronite Church. The order was founded on August 15, 1700, in the Monastery of Mar Chaaya, Lebanon, by Maronite Patriarch Gabriel of Blaouza (1704-1705).

Its name comes from the Arabic Antouniyah (Arabic: الرهبنة الانطونية). They are also called Mar Chaaya monks (Arabic: رهبان مار شعيا), in reference to the monastery hosting the see of their superior general. It is one of the three Maronite congregations of monks alongside the Baladites and Aleppians.

Baladites
The Baladites, formally known as the Lebanese Maronite Order (Latin: Ordo Libanensis Maronitarum; abbreviated OLM), is a monastic order among the Levant-based, Catholic Maronite Church, which from the beginning has been specifically a monastic Church. The order was founded in 1694 in the Monastery of Mart Moura, Ehden, Lebanon, by three Maronite young men from Aleppo, Syria, under the patronage of Patriarch Estephan El Douaihy (1670–1704).

The Aleppian monks of Aleppo, a city in present Syria resulted from a split with the Baladites. Pope Clement XIV sanctioned this separation in 1770.
S.G. Hulme Beaman
Sydney George Hulme Beaman (28 February 1887 – 4 February 1932), better known as S.G. Hulme Beaman, was a British author, actor and illustrator. He was best known as the creator of the Toytown stories and their characters, including Larry the Lamb. He also illustrated the 1930s John Lane edition of a Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

Toytown
Toytown is the name given to a series of radio plays written by S.G. Hulme Beaman and broadcast by the BBC from 1929 to 1932, 28 of which regularly repeated on Children's Hour until 1964, by which point it had expanded into a media franchise.

Although he was not the main character of the original works, Larry the Lamb became the main character, together with his clever sidekick, Dennis the Dachshund. Each story involves Ernest the Policeman, the disgruntled Mr Growser and the Mayor. Toytown was perhaps the most famous broadcast children's series at its peak. It consistently headed the votes for Request Week on Children's Hour for thirty years, and was seen in over twenty-seven countries around the world.
Zeta Ophiuchi
Zeta Ophiuchi (ζ Oph, ζ Ophiuchi) is a single star located in the constellation of Ophiuchus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.6, making it the third-brightest star in the constellation. Parallax measurements give an estimated distance of roughly 440 light-years (130 parsecs) from the Earth. It is surrounded by the Sh 2-27 nebula, the star's bow shock as it ploughs through dense dust clouds near the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex. It is the nearest O-class star to our Solar System.

In April 2010, ζ Ophiuchi was occulted by asteroid 824 Anastasia.

Alpha Serpentis
Alpha Serpentis or α Serpentis, formally named Unukalhai (/ˌjuːnək.ælˈheɪ/), is a star in the head (Serpens Caput) of the equatorial constellation of Serpens. With an apparent visual magnitude of 2.6, this star is the brightest in the constellation and it can be viewed with the naked eye from most of the Earth. Parallax measurements yield an estimated distance of about 74 light-years (23 parsecs) from the Sun.
Carlos Arvelo Municipality
The Carlos Arvelo Municipality (named after Dr. Carlos Arvelo) is one of the 14 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Carabobo and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 150,277. The town of Güigüe is the shire town of the Carlos Arvelo Municipality.

Carabobo
Carabobo State (Spanish: Estado Carabobo, IPA: [esˈtaðo kaɾaˈβoβo]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. Located in the Central Region of Venezuela, it is about two hours by car from Caracas. The state capital city is Valencia, which is also the country's main industrial center. The state's area is 4,369 km2 (1,687 sq mi) and, as of the 2011 census, had a population of 2,245,744.

Carabobo State was the site of the Battle of Carabobo on 24 June 1821. This was a decisive victory for the Venezuelans, led by Simón Bolívar, in their war of independence against Spain.
La Crosse Central High School
La Crosse Central High School is a public high school in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Administered by the School District of La Crosse, it is located on the south side of the city. The school was established in 1907.

Logan High School (La Crosse, Wisconsin)
La Crosse Logan High School is a public high school in La Crosse, Wisconsin operated by the School District of La Crosse. Located on the city's north side, the 240,000 square foot school is situated on a 32-acre site in the La Crosse River Valley. The school is named after the street address of its original location, which had been named after General John A. Logan.

La Crosse Logan consistently scores among the top high schools in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and is nationally recognized for its student academic achievements and college readiness scores. The school was visited by President George W. Bush in 2002, as part of the Department of Education's Tour Across America. In 2014 U.S. News & World Report ranked Logan 29th among Wisconsin's high schools, earning a silver medal. As of 2022, it is ranked 79th in Wisconsin.
Thiruvananthapuram South railway station
Thiruvananthapuram South Railway station (formerly Nemom railway station, Station Code: NEM) is an NSG–6 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is one of the six railway stations serving the city of Thiruvananthapuram which is also proposed to act as the second satellite station to Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station in the state of Kerala, India.

Thiruvananthapuram North railway station
Thiruvananthapuram North Railway Station (station code: TVCN), formerly Kochuveli railway station (old station code: KCVL),  is an NSG–3 category Indian railway station in Thiruvananthapuram railway division of Southern Railway zone. It is a satellite passenger railway station of Thiruvananthapuram. It is being developed to ease congestion at Thiruvananthapuram Central.

Some trains presently operating from Thiruvananthapuram Central, including the Sabari Express, will commence the journey from Thiruvananthapuram North railway station once the station is completely developed. Thiruvananthapuram North railway station also caters to special trains during busy seasons. The trains connect this station to cities like New Delhi, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Rishikesh, Hubli, Bengaluru, Mangaluru, Mysuru, Madgaon, Bhavnagar, Porbandar, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Indore, Surat, Nilambur, Jodhpur, Sri Ganganagar and Nagercoil.
Kuala Lipis railway station
The Kuala Lipis railway station is a Malaysian train station located at and named after the town of Kuala Lipis in the Lipis District of the state of Pahang.

It is a major stop; shuttle trains to Tumpat, Gua Musang and Gemas start here.

Gua Musang railway station
The Gua Musang railway station is a Malaysian train station stationed at and named after the town of Gua Musang in the Gua Musang District of the state of Kelantan. The old station located at the end of the main street in the old town was closed. The current, new station is about 1 km south of the old station.
Alan and Naomi (novel)
Alan and Naomi is a 1977 young adult novel by Myron Levoy. The story takes place in 1944 and is about a friendship which develops between a Jewish New York boy and a refugee child from Nazi-occupied Paris. The book was adapted in 1992 into a movie of the same name.

Alan & Naomi
Alan & Naomi is a 1992 film about the friendship between two children in 1944 Brooklyn. Lukas Haas and Vanessa Zaoui star as the title characters, and the screenplay is based on a 1977 novel of the same name by Myron Levoy.
Jean François Niceron
Jean-François Niceron (5 July 1613 – 22 September 1646) was a French mathematician, Minim friar, and painter of anamorphic art, on which he wrote the ground-breaking book La Perspective Curieuse (Curious Perspectives).

Anamorphosis
Anamorphosis is a distorted projection that requires the viewer to occupy a specific vantage point, use special devices, or both to view a recognizable image. It is used in painting, photography, sculpture and installation art, toys, and film special effects.  The word is derived from the Greek prefix ἀνα- (ana-), meaning "back" or "again", and the word morphe, meaning "shape" or "form". Extreme anamorphosis has been used by artists to disguise caricatures, erotic and scatological scenes, and other furtive images from a casual spectator, while revealing an undistorted image to the knowledgeable viewer.
José de Palafox, 1st Duke of Zaragoza
José Rebolledo de Palafox y Melzi, 1st Duke of Zaragoza (28 October 1775 – 15 February 1847) was a Spanish Army officer and nobleman who served in the Peninsular War. He received his title of Duke for successfully repelling the First Siege of Zaragoza by the French. Marshal Jean Lannes conducted the successful Second Siege of Zaragoza.

Siege of Zaragoza (1808)
The siege of Zaragoza (also known as the siege of Saragossa) was a bloody struggle in the Peninsular War. A French army under General Lefebvre-Desnouettes and subsequently commanded by General Jean-Antoine Verdier besieged, repeatedly stormed, and was repulsed from the Spanish city of Zaragoza in the summer of 1808.
Raid on Cuxhaven
The raid on Cuxhaven (German: Weihnachtsangriff, Christmas Raid) was a British ship-based air-raid on the Imperial German Navy at Cuxhaven mounted on Christmas Day, 1914. Aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service were carried to within striking distance by seaplane tenders of the Royal Navy, supported by ships and submarines.

The aircraft flew over the Cuxhaven area and dropped their bombs, causing damage to shore installations. It was described as an "air reconnaissance of the Heligoland Bight, including Cuxhaven, Heligoland and Wilhelmshaven ... by naval seaplanes" during which "the opportunity was taken of attacking with bombs points of military importance" in northern Imperial Germany.

Royal Naval Air Service
The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

It was replaced by the Fleet Air Arm, initially consisting of those RAF units that normally operated from ships, but emerging as a separate unit similar to the original RNAS by the time of the Second World War.
Battlestar Galactica: The Plan
Battlestar Galactica: The Plan is a television film set in the reimagined version of the fictional Battlestar Galactica universe. It consists of newly filmed material as well as a compilation of footage from the 2003 miniseries and 2004 TV series.

The miniseries and first two seasons of Battlestar Galactica are retold with more emphasis on the Cylon perspective and their plan to wipe out the human race. The story follows two versions of the Cylon known as Cavil, one of whom admits they may have made a mistake, with the story being told in flashback. The "Final Five" Cylons are featured prominently.

The film premiered exclusively on DVD, Blu-ray Disc and digital download on October 27, 2009. It premiered on January 10, 2010 on Syfy, on April 2, 2010 on Sky Premiere in the United Kingdom, and on August 6, 2011 on Space in Canada.

John Cavil
John Cavil (Number One) is a fictional character and the main antagonist from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica television series. He is portrayed by Dean Stockwell. In the fourth-season episode "Six of One", Cavil's model number was revealed as Number One.
Rugby union in Tuvalu
Rugby union is played in Tuvalu. Unlike most South Pacific islands, rugby union is largely played on an informal basis,. alongside association football, which is the main sport played by Tuvaluans.

The Tuvalu Rugby Union, an organising body for Rugby Union, was established in 2007 with the intention of forming a national team. Rugby sevens was first introduced to Tuvalu in 2007.

Tuvalu Rugby Union
The Tuvalu Rugby Union, or TRU, is the governing body for rugby union in Tuvalu. It also organises the Rugby Sevens competitions. It was established in 2007 and is a full member of the Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions (FORU), which is the regional governing body for rugby in Oceania.

Tuvalu participates in the Rugby Sevens competitions at the Pacific Games and the Oceania Sevens Championship.