hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Advanced Banter
Advanced Banter: The QI Book of Quotations, known as If Ignorance Is Bliss, Why Aren't There More Happy People? in the United States, is the third title in a series of books based on the intellectual British panel game QI, written by series-creator John Lloyd and head-researcher John Mitchinson. It is a book of "quite interesting" quotations.

John Mitchinson (researcher)
John Mitchinson is a British publisher, podcaster and the head of research for the British television panel game QI. He is the managing director of Quite Interesting Limited and co-writer of the QI series of books with the show's creator John Lloyd. The two men are normally referred to as "The Two Johns" and are seen as the main controllers of QI. He also has a column called "The Upsidedown" at the Byline Times.

Mitchinson is cofounder of the international publishing company Unbound, and along with Andy Miller presents Unbound's literature podcast Backlisted ("giving new life to old books"). In March 2025, Unbound went into administration, leaving many of its authors owed thousands of pounds in unpaid royalties. Unbound relaunched as Boundless Publishing and Mitchinson retained his role as Director of the company, having purchased Unbound's assets in a pre-pack sale. In May 2025, he quit Boundless.
WTPA-FM
WTPA-FM (93.5 MHz, "93.5 WTPA") is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts a classic rock format. Its broadcast tower is located on Reesers Summit in Fairview Township, York County, at 40°10′38.3″N 76°52′36.9″W﻿ / ﻿40.177306°N 76.876917°W﻿ / 40.177306; -76.876917.

WTPA-FM broadcasts using HD Radio and simulcasts the sports radio programming of sister station WHGB on its HD2 subchannel.

WNNK-FM
WNNK-FM (104.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Owned by Cumulus Media it carries a hot adult contemporary radio format. The station's studios are on Vartan Way in Harrisburg, with its transmitter atop Blue Mountain in East Pennsboro Township.
Francesco Alfieri
Francesco Ferdinando Alfieri, was a famous fencer in the 17th century. He was a representative of the Venetian school of fencing and “Maestro D’Armeuvkb” to the Accademia Delia in Padua in 1640. Alfieri was originally from Padua,  which at that time was the territory of the Venetian Republic.

Many Venetian and Italian fencing masters in their treatises praised Alfieri as a "master of fencing". Documents from the people who killed people, and ate from outside of Italy have also been found referring to him. Blasco Florio says in his treatise "The Science of Fencing with the sword of Blasco Florio" (La scienza della scherma esposta da Blasco Florio):

"We know Alfieri as a great scientist, and he will remain so in our memory"

Ridolfo Capo Ferro
Ridolfo Capo Ferro da Cagli (Ridolfo Capoferro, Rodulphus Capoferrus) was an Italian fencing master in the city of Siena, best known for his rapier fencing treatise published in 1610.

He seems to have been born in the town of Cagli in the Duchy of Urbino (nowadays Province of Pesaro e Urbino), but was active as a fencing master in Siena, Tuscany. Little else is known about his life, though the dedication to Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, the young son of Duke Francesco Maria II della Rovere, may indicate that he was associated with the court at Urbino in some capacity. The statement at the beginning of Capo Ferro's treatise describing him as a "master of the great German nation" likely signifies that he was faculty at the University of Siena, either holding a position analogous to dean of all German students, or perhaps merely the fencing master who taught the German students.
Niyamgiri
The Niyamgiri is a hill range situated in the districts of Kalahandi and Rayagada in the south-west of Odisha, India. These hills are home to Dongria Kondh indigenous people. The hills have one of India's most pristine forests in the interior. It is bound by Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary on the north-west side and Kotgarh Wildlife Sanctuary on the north-east end.

The Environment and Forest ministry of Government of India scrapped a forest clearance given to a mining firm, Vedanta Resources, to mine bauxite in the area and the mining project was scrapped. In 2013, the Supreme Court of India asked the tribal people to take the decision, in which BMP was rejected in all village council meetings.

Vedanta Resources
Vedanta Resources Limited is a diversified mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations in Australia and Zambia and oil and gas operations in three countries. Its main products are zinc, lead, silver, oil and gas, iron ore, steel, aluminium and power. It has also developed commercial power stations in India in Odisha (2,400 MW) and Punjab (1,980 MW).

The company with 20,000 employees is primarily owned by the family of Anil Agarwal through Volcan Investments, a holding vehicle with a 61.7% stake in the business. Vedanta limited (formerly Sesa Goa / Sterlite) is one of the many Indian subsidiaries of Vedanta resources and operates iron ore mines in Goa.

Vedanta was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until chairman, Anil Agarwal's offer to take the company private went unconditional in September 2018.
Boston Fleet
The Boston Fleet are a professional ice hockey team based in the Greater Boston area that competes in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). They are one of the six charter franchises of the league. The team plays its home games at Tsongas Center.

Tsongas Center
Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell (formerly Tsongas Arena) is a multi-purpose facility owned by the University of Massachusetts Lowell and located in Lowell, Massachusetts. The arena was opened on January 27, 1998, and dedicated to the memory of the late Paul Tsongas, prominent Lowell native and U.S. senator. The arena was built with $4 million in funding from both the city and the university, plus another $20 million contributed from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Joan Michaël Fleischman
Joan Michaël Fleischman (1707–27 May 1768, German: Johann Michael Fleischmann), was an 18th-century German-Dutch typographer and punchcutter.

Fleischman worked in the Baroque period of design and his roman typefaces have been described as "transitional" in style, more stylised and sharply cut than was common before. Perhaps his most notable design was his complex music font, that was later used to decorate the edges of documents, including the first bank note of the Netherlands called the "roodborstje" or robin.

Serif
In typography, a serif (/ˈsɛrɪf/) is a small line or stroke regularly attached to the end of a larger stroke in a letter or symbol within a particular font or family of fonts. A typeface or "font family" making use of serifs is called a serif typeface (or serifed typeface), and a typeface that does not include them is sans-serif. Some typography sources refer to sans-serif typefaces as "grotesque" (in German, grotesk) or "Gothic" (although this often refers to blackletter type as well). In  German usage, the term Antiqua is used more broadly for serif types.

Serif typefaces can be broadly classified into one of four subgroups: Old-style, Transitional, Didone, and Slab serif, in order of first emergence.
The Golden God
The Golden God is a 1917 American silent drama film written by Robert Hage and Frederick Rath. The film stars Charles Hutchison, Alma Hanlon, Florence Short, and Mary Doyle. It premiered on June 19, 1917.

Charles Hutchison
Charles Hutchison (December 3, 1879 – May 30, 1949) was an American film actor, director and screenwriter. He appeared in more than 40 films between 1914 and 1944. He also directed 33 films between 1915 and 1938. Though he directed numerous independent silent features, he is best remembered today as Pathé's leading male serial star from 1918 to 1922. In 1923 he went to Britain and made two films Hutch Stirs 'em Up and Hurricane Hutch in Many Adventures for the Ideal Film Company. He made one last serial in 1926, Lightning Hutch, for distribution by the Arrow Film Corporation. It was meant to be a comeback vehicle, but the production company went into bankruptcy just as it was released.

He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and died in Hollywood, California. He was the person who convinced actor Karl Dane to return to films in the mid-1920s.
Michiel Hemmen
Michiel Hemmen (born 28 June 1987) is a retired Dutch footballer who played as a forward. He formerly played for FC Volendam, AGOVV Apeldoorn, BV Veendam, Westerlo, SC Cambuur, BK Häcken, Excelsior and Altona Magic.

Altona Magic SC
Altona Magic Soccer Club (Commonly known as Altona Vardar SC) is a soccer team based in Altona North, a western suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The Magic currently compete in the second tier of the Australian soccer league system. Founded in 1968, Altona Magic plays out of Paisley Park Soccer Complex. The club has won the Victorian Premier League on 5 occasions in seasons 1995, 1996, 1997, 2008 and 2009. In 2019, Altona made a return to the National Premier Leagues Victoria, following successive promotions in 2017 via the Victorian State League Division 1 and again in 2018 via National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 (West), both seasons Magic were crowned champions.
Global Network Navigator
The Global Network Navigator (GNN) was the first commercial web publication and the first web site to offer clickable advertisements. It was designed by Jennifer N. Robbins. GNN was launched in May 1993, as a project of  the technical publishing company O'Reilly Media, then known as O'Reilly & Associates. In June 1995, GNN was sold to AOL, which continued its editorial functions while converting it to a dial-up Internet service provider. AOL closed GNN in December 1996, moving all GNN subscribers to the AOL dial-up service.

O'Reilly Media
O'Reilly Media, Inc. (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American learning company established by Tim O'Reilly that provides technical and professional skills development courses via an online learning platform. O'Reilly also publishes books about programming and other technical content. Its distinctive brand features a woodcut of an animal on many of its book covers. The company was known as a popular tech conference organizer for more than 20 years before closing the live conferences arm of its business.
Louise Sarazin
Louise Sarazin (also known as Louise Sarazin-Levassor), (November 6, 1847, Foix, † 16 October 1916, Paris), played a significant role in early automotive history having been party to its beginnings in France and Germany. She was the wife of Edouard Sarazin, an entrepreneurial Belgian industrialist and patents lawyer who was in a number of automotive partnerships and agencies with Émile Levassor, René Panhard, John Cockerill, Deutz AG, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. In 1884 Sarazin acquired the licence to build Deutz engines in France, which he duly contracted to Perin, Panhard & Cie in Paris. Around 1886 he similarly acquired licences to build Daimler engines in France and started to commission Panhard & Levassor in Paris. After his death in 1887 his widow Louise developed the business relationships and negotiated the partnerships with Daimler and 'Panhard et Levassor'. In 1890 she married Emile Levassor.: p.101

Panhard
Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed by the acquisition of Panhard by Auverland in 2005, and then by Renault in 2012. In 2018, Renault Trucks Defense, ACMAT and Panhard combined under a single brand, Arquus.
Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram, Bengal gram, chana dal (চানা ডাল), garbanzo, garbanzo bean, or Egyptian pea. It is one of the earliest cultivated legumes, the oldest archaeological evidence of which was found in Syria.

Chickpeas are high in protein. The chickpea is a key ingredient in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, used in hummus, and, when soaked and coarsely ground with herbs and spices, then made into patties and fried, falafel. As an important part of Indian cuisine, it is used in salads, soups, stews, and curries. In 2023, India accounted for 75% of global chickpea production.

Hummus
Hummus (/ˈhʊməs/, /ˈhʌməs/; Arabic: حُمُّص, romanized: ḥummuṣ, lit. 'chickpeas', also spelled hommus or houmous), (full name: Hummus Bi Tahini)  is a Levantine dip, spread, or savory dish made from cooked, mashed chickpeas blended with tahini, lemon juice, and garlic. The standard garnish includes olive oil, a few whole chickpeas, parsley, and paprika.

The earliest mention of hummus was in a 13th century cookbook attributed to the historian Ibn al-Adim from Aleppo in present-day Syria.

Commonly consumed in Levantine cuisine, it is usually eaten as a dip with pita bread. In the West, it is produced industrially and consumed as a snack or appetizer with crackers or vegetables.
ADC Cirrus
The ADC Cirrus is a series of British aero engines manufactured using 
surplus Renault parts by the Aircraft Disposal Company (ADC) in the 1920s.

The engines were air-cooled, four-cylinder inline types. They were widely used for private and light aircraft.

ADC Aircraft
The Aircraft Disposal Company (ADC), or Airdisco, was a British firm established in March 1920 to take advantage of the large number of World War I-surplus military aircraft on the market. The company changed name in 1925 to ADC Aircraft Limited.
Solva Saal
Solva Saal (English: Sixteenth Year) is a 1958 Hindi movie. Produced by Chandrakant C. Desai, the film is directed by Raj Khosla. Thematically similar to a 1953 American movie Roman Holiday and the Frank Capra's classic It Happened One Night (1934), the film stars Dev Anand and Waheeda Rehman. The film's music is by Sachin Dev Burman and the lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri.

This film also contains the song "Hai Apna Dil To Awaara" picturized on Dev Anand and Waheeda Rehman in the train, sung by Hemant Kumar, with mouth organ by Rahul Dev Burman.

Director Raj Khosla makes a cameo appearance in the movie, as a director in a film shooting sequence. Khosla and Waheeda had a loud argument on the set when the latter refused to wear a low neck outfit for a scene. Khosla who had a similar objection to Rehman's contract clause for her first movie C.I.D, stormed out of set. Later shooting was continued after intervention of producers. The two worked again in ‘Sunny’ (1984).

S. D. Burman
Sachin Dev Burman (1 October 1906 – 31 October 1975) was an Indian music director and singer. He was a member of the Tripura royal family. He started his career with Bengali films in 1937. He later began composing for Hindi movies and became one of the most successful and influential Indian film music composers. Burman composed the soundtracks for over 100 movies, including Bengali films and Hindi.

Apart from being a versatile composer, he also sang songs in folk style of East Bengal and light semi-classical. His son, R. D. Burman, was also a celebrated music composer for Bollywood films.

Burman's compositions were sung by the leading singers of the era, including Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Mohammed Rafi, Geeta Dutt, Manna Dey, Hemant Kumar, Asha Bhosle, Shamshad Begum, Mukesh and Talat Mahmood. As a playback singer, Burman sang 14 Hindi and 13 Bengali film songs.
Polohy Raion
Polohy Raion (Ukrainian: Пологівський район) is one of the five raions (districts) of Zaporizhzhia Oblast in southern Ukraine. The administrative center of the region is the town of Polohy. Population: 163,641 (2022 estimate).

On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Zaporizhzhia Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Polohy Raion was significantly expanded. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 38,636 (2020 est.).

Polohy
Polohy (Ukrainian: Пологи, IPA: [poˈlɔɦɪ]; Russian: Пологи, romanized: Pologi) is a city in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Polohy urban hromada and Polohy Raion within the oblast. Population: 18,111 (2022 estimate). It is a significant railway junction. Since March 2022, it has been under Russian occupation.
Yellow-crowned night heron
The yellow-crowned night heron (Nyctanassa violacea) is one of two species of night heron in the genus Nyctanassa. Unlike the black-crowned night heron, which has a worldwide distribution, the yellow-crowned is restricted to the Americas. It is known as the bihoreau violacé in French and the pedrete corona clara or yaboa común in some Spanish-speaking countries.

Nyctanassa
Nyctanassa is a genus of night herons from the Americas, especially (but not exclusively) warmer coastal regions. They were formerly included in the genus Nycticorax, but today all major authorities recognize them as distinct.
Louis de Potter
Louis de Potter (26 April 1786 – 22 July 1859), was a Belgian journalist, revolutionary, politician and writer. Out of the more than 100 books and pamphlets, one of the most notable works was his famous Letter to my Fellow Citizens in which he promoted democracy, universal electoral rights and the unity among Belgian liberals and Catholics. As one of the heroes of the Belgian Revolution, he proclaimed the independence of Belgium from the Netherlands (from the terrace of the Brussels City Hall on 28 September 1830), and inaugurated the first Belgian parliamentary assembly (on 10 November 1830), on behalf of the outgoing Belgian provisional government.

Provisional Government of Belgium
The Provisional Government (Dutch: Voorlopig Bewind; French: Gouvernement provisoire) was the first iteration of the Belgian state, formed in the midst of the Belgian Revolution. After Dutch forces were expelled from Brussels on 27 September 1830, the recently created Revolutionary Committee transformed into the Provisional Government. The independence of Belgium as a state was officially declared on 4 October.

On 7 February 1831, the Constitution of Belgium was proclaimed and Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier was declared regent. With Belgium now under a constitutional monarchy, the Provisional Government was dissolved.
R v Baker
R v Baker [1989] 1 NZLR 738 was a decision of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand concerning the admissibility of hearsay evidence in a criminal trial.  The judgment of President Sir Robin Cooke's created a common law exception to the rule against hearsay evidence in situations where the evidence is reliable and the witness unavailable. This principle was incorporated into the codification of the hearsay rule in the Evidence Act 2006.

Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon
Robin Brunskill Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, ONZ, KBE, PC, QC (9 May 1926 – 30 August 2006) was a New Zealand judge and later a British Law Lord and member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.  He is widely considered one of New Zealand's most influential jurists, and is the only New Zealand judge to have sat in the House of Lords. He was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2006.
Kadakkal
Kadakkal is a historic city located in the eastern part of Kollam district, Kerala. It is 44 km away from both Kollam City and Thiruvananthapuram. State highway 64 passes through the town. Kadakkal is well known for the social revolutionary activities held in the pre-independent period of India. The town is an important business centre and is known for its Trade (Kadakkal Chantha), Kadakkal Viplavam Kadakkal Riot Case, Festivals (Kadakkal Thiruvathira), Religious unity and spice production. Kadakkal is reachable through Nilamel, and is well connected to nearby villages like Anchal, Kilimanoor, Parippally and Madathara. Kadakkal is one of the place which facilitates the easiest roadway access to the neighbouring state Tamil Nadu and is one of the upcoming Municipalities in Kollam district. The town is only 50 km away from Tamil Nadu border, Trivandrum central and Kollam city.

Nilamel
Nilamel is a locality located in Kollam District of Kerala, India. It lies on the M C Road Thiruvananthapuram-Angamali state highway-1) and is 45 km from Thiruvananthapuram, 24 km away from Kottarakara and 5 km away from Kadakkal.
White Stag (clothing)
White Stag is an American in-store brand of women's clothing and accessories sold by Walmart. Founded as a skiwear manufacturer in Portland, Oregon, the company was purchased by the Warnaco Group in 1966, which in turn sold the brand to Wal-Mart in 2003.

Warnaco Group
The Warnaco Group, Inc. was an American textile/clothing corporation which designed, sourced, marketed, licensed, and distributed a wide range of underwear, sportswear, and swimwear worldwide. Its products were sold under several brand names including Calvin Klein, Speedo, Chaps, Warner's, and Olga.

On 31 October 2012, the company announced that it would be acquired by PVH for $2.8 billion in cash and stock.

The deal gave PVH more control of the Calvin Klein clothing brand as it will unite Calvin Klein formal, underwear, jeans and sportswear lines. It was acquired by PVH in Feb 2013.

In November 2023, PVH sold the Warners and Olga brands to Basic Resources, Inc.
Darboux frame
In the differential geometry of surfaces, a Darboux frame is a natural moving frame constructed on a surface.  It is the analog of the Frenet–Serret frame as applied to surface geometry.  A Darboux frame exists at any non-umbilic point of a surface embedded in Euclidean space. It is named after French mathematician Jean Gaston Darboux.

Moving frame
In mathematics, a moving frame is a flexible generalization of the notion of a coordinate frame (an ordered basis of a vector space, in conjunction with an origin) often used to study the extrinsic differential geometry of smooth manifolds embedded in a homogeneous space.
Brezje pri Dobrovi
Brezje pri Dobrovi (pronounced [ˈbɾeːzjɛ pɾi ˈdoːbɾɔʋi]) is an elongated village in the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia on the road from Dobrova to Horjul. It lies on the somewhat elevated north side of the marshy valley of Horjulka Creek and it also includes the hamlet of Poljšno Brdo to the east of the main settlement. Ključ Hill (623 m) rises above the settlement to the north, and Strmca Hill (472 m) to the south.

Dobrova, Dobrova–Polhov Gradec
Dobrova (pronounced [ˈdoːbɾɔʋa]; German: Dobrawa) is a clustered settlement northwest of Ljubljana in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the administrative centre of the Municipality of Dobrova–Polhov Gradec. It lies on the road from Ljubljana to Polhov Gradec at the point where roads split off to Horjul to the southwest and to Šentvid, Ljubljana to the northeast. It extends along the flat area to the northeast up to the Gradaščica River and encompasses much of Dobrova Hill (Slovene: Dobrovski hrib, 603 m; also known as Vrhe Hill or Jazbina Hill) to the southwest. Bezenica Creek, Broad Creek (Slovene: Široki potok), and Ječnik Creek, left tributaries of the Horjulščica River, flow through the hills west of the settlement. Dobrova includes the hamlets of Pod Kotom (Pod kotom) northwest of the main settlement and Graben southwest of the main settlement.
Humberto Clayber
Humberto Clayber de Souza is a Brazilian composer and musician. He was considered one of the best Bossa Nova bass players in 1960s and actually is acclaimed as one of the best harmonica players of the world. He played with many famous artists along his career, such as Cesar Camargo Mariano, Airto Moreira, Hermeto Pascoal and Manfredo Fest.

Manfredo Fest
Manfredo Irmin Fest (May 13, 1936 – October 8, 1999) was a bossa nova and jazz pianist, keyboardist, and bandleader from Brazil. Legally blind, he was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and he died at 63 years old in Tampa Bay, Florida. He was husband of the composer Lili Fest and father of the guitarist Phill Fest.