hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
UCLouvain Charleroi
UCLouvain Charleroi is a campus of the University of Louvain in Charleroi, Belgium. Consisting of 3 faculties and a series of research centers and institutes, UCLouvain Charleroi consists of the Maison Georges Lemaître, in the center of the city, and a branch in Montignies-sur-Sambre.

It is one of the three UCLouvain sites in the Hainaut Province, along with UCLouvain FUCaM Mons and UCLouvain Tournai.

Montignies-sur-Sambre
Montignies-sur-Sambre (French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tiɲi syʁ sɑ̃bʁ], lit. 'Montignies on Sambre'; Walloon: Montgneye-so-Sambe) is a town of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Charleroi, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

It was a municipality of its own before the fusion of the Belgian municipalities in 1977.
Iowa Highway 415
Iowa Highway 415 is a short state highway that runs mostly north-to-south in central Iowa.  Iowa 415 begins at U.S. Highway 6 in Des Moines and ends at Iowa Highway 141 east of Granger.  Prior to 2003, Iowa 415 extended north from Polk City and ended at Iowa Highway 17 south of Madrid.  Now, Iowa 415 turns west at Polk City and crosses the Des Moines River at Saylorville Lake prior to ending at Iowa 141.  Since the rerouting in 2003, the northern terminus for Iowa 415 is now farther south than its northernmost point in Polk City.

Iowa Highway 141
Iowa Highway 141 (Iowa 141) is an east–west highway in the western and central portions of the state. It is the most direct link between Sioux City and Des Moines. It also serves as an expressway link between Des Moines and the outlying communities of Perry, Granger, and Grimes. Iowa 141 begins near Sloan at an interchange with Interstate 29 (I-29) at ends at another interchange with I-35 /I-80 on the edge of the Des Moines suburbs of Urbandale and Grimes.
Julius Jacob von Haynau
Julius Jakob Freiherr von Haynau (14 October 1786 – 14 March 1853) was an Austrian general who suppressed insurrectionary movements in Italy and Hungary in 1848 and later. While a hugely effective military leader, he also gained renown as an aggressive and ruthless commander. His soldiers called him the "Habsburg Tiger"; those opponents who suffered from his brutality called him the "Hyena of Brescia" and the "Hangman of Arad".

The 13 Martyrs of Arad
The Thirteen Martyrs of Arad (Hungarian: tizenhárom aradi vértanú) were the thirteen Hungarian rebel generals who were executed by the Austrian Empire on 6 October 1849 in the city of Arad, then part of the Kingdom of Hungary (now in Romania), after the Hungarian Revolution (1848–1849). The execution was ordered by the Austrian general Julius Jacob von Haynau.
Vikramashila
Vikramashila (IAST: Vikramaśilā) was a Buddhist monastic university situated in what is now modern-day Bihar in India. It was founded by King Dharmapala between the late eighth and early ninth century.

It was one of the three most important Buddhist Mahaviharas of its time in India, along with Nalanda and Odantapuri. Its location is now the site of Antichak village near Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur district in Bihar. It was one of the largest Buddhist mahaviharas, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion including Atiśa and Ratnākaraśānti.

Vikramashila was established by the Pala emperor Dharmapala (783 to 820 CE) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda. It was destroyed by the forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji around 1193.

Somapura Mahavihara
Somapura Mahavihara (Bengali: সোমপুর মহাবিহার, romanized: Sōmpur Môhābihār), also known as Paharpur Buddhist Vihara (Bengali: পাহাড়পুর বৌদ্ধবিহার, romanized: Pāhāṛpur Bôuddhôbihār), is a major Buddhist monastery (mahavihara) in Paharpur, Badalgachhi, Naogaon, Bangladesh. It is among the best known Buddhist viharas in the Indian subcontinent and is one of the most important archaeological sites in the country. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.

It is one of the most famous examples of architecture in pre-Islamic Bengali architecture. It dates from a period to the nearby Halud Vihara and to the Sitakot Vihara in Nawabganj, Dinajpur.
The Spaceguard Foundation
The Spaceguard Foundation (SGF) is a private organization based in Frascati, Italy, whose purpose is to study, discover and observe near-Earth objects (NEO) and protect the Earth from the possible threat of their collision. The foundation is non-partisan, non-political and non-profit, and acts as the international organization grouping together the spaceguard organizations in various countries, as well as individual astronomers and organizations interested in the foundation's activities.

The foundation was established in Rome in 1996. Since then, it has moved into the ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN) at Frascati. As of 2007, Italian astronomer Andrea Carusi heads the foundation.

Frascati
Frascati (pronounced [fraˈskaːti]) is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum.  Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories.

Frascati produces the white wine with the same name. It is also a  historical and artistic centre.
Alligator prenasalis
Alligator prenasalis is an extinct species of alligator from the Late Eocene period. It is well known, with many fossils having been collected from the Chadron and Brule Formations in South Dakota. The species was first named in 1904, but was originally classified as a crocodile in the genus Crocodilus. It was reassigned to the genus Alligator in 1918 on the basis of more complete material. It is the earliest known member of the genus Alligator.

Alligator
An alligator, or colloquially gator, is a large reptile in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae in the order Crocodilia. The two extant species are the American alligator (A. mississippiensis) and the Chinese alligator (A. sinensis). Additionally, several extinct species of alligator are known from fossil remains. Alligators first appeared during the late Eocene epoch about 37 million years ago.

The term "alligator" is likely an anglicized form of el lagarto, Spanish for "the lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator. Early English spellings of the name included allagarta and alagarto.

Alligators are notable for their ability to inhabit climates that are considerably more temperate than those of most other crocodilians. Although they generally prefer subtropical to tropical regions, they are also capable of surviving colder winters in the northern parts of their range.
Heim Municipality (1911–1964)
Heim is a former municipality in the old Sør-Trøndelag county in Norway. The 277-square-kilometre (107 sq mi) municipality existed from 1911 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality encompassed the northern part of what is now Heim Municipality and Orkland Municipality and the southeastern part of Hitra Municipality in Trøndelag county. The administrative centre was the village of Heim where Heim Church is located.

Prior to its dissolution in 1963, the 276.6-square-kilometre (106.8 sq mi) municipality was the 298th largest by area out of the 689 municipalities in Norway. Heim Municipality was the 541st most populous municipality in Norway with a population of about 1,466. The municipality's population density was 5.3 inhabitants per square kilometre (14/sq mi) and its population had decreased by 6.3% over the previous 10-year period.

Heim (village)
Heim is a village in Heim Municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on the western shore of the Hemnfjorden, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the village of Hellandsjøen. Heim Church is located in the village. The village was the administrative centre of the old Heim Municipality that existed from 1911 until 1964 (different from the present-day municipality of Heim).
Nordenfelt gun
The Nordenfelt gun was a multiple-barrel organ gun that had a row of up to twelve barrels. It was fired by pulling a lever back and forth and ammunition was gravity fed through chutes for each barrel. It was produced in a number of different calibres up to 25 mm (0.98 in). Larger calibres were also used, but for these calibres the design simply permitted rapid manual loading rather than true automatic fire. This article covers the anti-personnel rifle-calibre (typically 0.45 in [11 mm]) gun.

Gardner gun
The Gardner gun was an early type of mechanical machine gun. The original version had two barrels but it was also built with five barrels or a single barrel. It was hand-cranked and was fed from a vertical hopper magazine. When the crank was turned, a feed arm positioned a cartridge in the breech, the bolt closed and the weapon fired. Turning the crank further opened the breechblock and extracted the spent case.
W. Harmon Ray
Willis Harmon Ray (born April 4, 1940) is an American chemical engineer, control theorist, applied mathematician, and a Vilas Research emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison notable for being the 2000 winner of the prestigious Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award and the 2019 winner of the Neal Amundson Award.

Chemical reaction engineering
Chemical reaction engineering (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors.  Frequently the term relates specifically to catalytic reaction systems where either a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst is present in the reactor.  Sometimes a reactor per se is not present by itself, but rather is integrated into a process, for example in reactive separations vessels, retorts, certain fuel cells, and photocatalytic surfaces. The issue of solvent effects on reaction kinetics is also considered as an integral part.
Germanic boar helmet
Germanic boar helmets or boar crested helmets are attested in archaeological finds from England, Denmark and Sweden, dating to Vendel and Anglo-Saxon periods, and Old English and Old Norse written sources. They consist of helmets decorated with either a boar crest or other boar imagery that was believed to offer protection in battle to the wearer. They have also been proposed to be a costume for the ritual transformation into a boar, similar to berserkers, and to be associated with Freyr.

Berserker
In the Old Norse written corpus, berserkers (Old Norse: berserkir) were Scandinavian warriors who were said to have fought in a trance-like fury, a characteristic which later gave rise to the modern English adjective berserk 'furiously violent or out of control'. Berserkers are attested to in numerous Old Norse sources.
Mitte
Mitte (German: [ˈmɪtə] ⓘ) is the first and most central borough of Berlin. The borough consists of six sub-entities: Mitte proper, Gesundbrunnen, Hansaviertel, Moabit, Tiergarten and Wedding.

It is one of the two boroughs (the other being Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg) which were formerly divided between East Berlin and West Berlin. Mitte encompasses Berlin's historic core and includes some of the most important tourist sites of Berlin like the Reichstag and Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Checkpoint Charlie, Museum Island, the TV tower, Brandenburg Gate, Unter den Linden, Potsdamer Platz and Alexanderplatz. The latter six of which were in former East Berlin.

Mitte (locality)
Mitte (German pronunciation: [ˈmɪtə] ⓘ; German for "middle" or "center") is a central section (Ortsteil) of Berlin, Germany, in the eponymous borough (Bezirk) of Mitte. Until 2001, it was itself an autonomous district.

Mitte proper comprises the historic center of Old Berlin, with the  medieval churches of  St. Nicholas and St. Mary, the Museum Island, city buildings (Rotes Rathaus and Altes Stadthaus), the Fernsehturm, and the Brandenburg Gate, along the central boulevard of Unter den Linden. For these reasons, Mitte is considered the "heart" of Berlin.
Orthopnea
Orthopnea or orthopnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair. It is commonly seen as a late manifestation of heart failure, resulting from fluid redistribution into the central circulation, causing an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure and causing difficulty in breathing. It is also seen in cases of abdominal obesity or pulmonary disease. Orthopnea is the opposite of platypnea, shortness of breath that worsens when sitting or standing upright.

Platypnea
Platypnea or platypnoea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that is relieved when lying down, and worsens when sitting or standing upright. It is the opposite of orthopnea. The condition was first described in 1949 and named in 1969.

A related condition, orthodeoxia, describes the clinical finding of low oxygen saturation in the upright position, which improves when lying down.

Platypnea and orthodeoxia (low oxygen levels when in upright posture) can co-exist, and this combination is named platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. The syndrome is considered extremely rare however.
Thunder Bay Thunder Cats
The Thunder Bay Thunder Cats were a minor professional ice hockey team based in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, and a member of the United Hockey League. The team went through a number of different names prior to being the Thunder Cats, including the Thunder Bay Thunder Hawks and the Thunder Bay Senators.

United Hockey League
The United Hockey League (UHL), originally known as the Colonial Hockey League from 1991 to 1997 and last known as the International Hockey League from 2007 to 2010, was a low-level minor professional ice hockey league, with teams in the United States and Canada. The league was headquartered in Rochester, Michigan, and, in its last year, consisted of seven teams. It folded in 2010, with most of its teams joining the Central Hockey League. The Central Hockey League teams still operating in 2014 were then added to ECHL. The only former CoHL/UHL/IHL teams still active as of 2024 are the Fort Wayne Komets and Kalamazoo Wings.
Winterborne Tomson
Winterborne Tomson is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Anderson, in the Dorset, district, in the ceremonial county of Dorset, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 35. On 1 April 1933 the parish was abolished and merged with Anderson.

Anderson, Dorset
Anderson, sometimes known as Winterborne Anderson, is a small village and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated in the Dorset administrative district about 9 miles (14 km) northwest of Poole. To the west are Winterborne Muston and Winterborne Kingston and to the east are Winterborne Tomson (which is also within Anderson parish) and Winterborne Zelston. In 2013 the estimated population of the parish was 60.

Anderson Manor was built for the third John Tregonwell of Milton Abbas in 1622. It is constructed out of dark red brick with bands of vitrified headers.

The civil parish was formed in 1933, following the merger of Winterborne Anderson and Winterborne Tomsom.
New England Greyhound Lines
The New England Greyhound Lines (called also NEGL), an intercity highway-coach carrier, was a Greyhound regional operating company, based in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, from 1937 until 1955, when it became a part of the Eastern Division of The Greyhound Corporation (called also the Eastern Greyhound Lines, the first of four huge new divisions (along with Central, Southern, and Western).

Central Greyhound Lines
Central Greyhound Lines is a name used in six different contexts or applications in the intercity highway-coach industry in the USA.  In each of the first five instances, the name was used for a regional operating company (that is, a division or subsidiary) of The Greyhound Corporation (the parent Greyhound firm).  In the last instance, the name was used for an internal administrative department of the (second) Greyhound Lines, Inc., the (second) GLI, a separate, independent, unrelated firm, after the GLI bought the core bus business of The Greyhound Corporation.
Battle of al-Fule
In the campaign and Battle of al-Fule (in Crusader terms La Fève, Latin Castrum Fabe), a Crusader force led by Guy of Lusignan skirmished with Saladin's Ayyubid army for more than a week in September and October 1183. The fighting ended on 6 October with Saladin being forced to withdraw.

Battle of Belvoir Castle
The Battle of Belvoir Castle, also called the Battle of Le Forbelet, was a part of Saladin’s campaign in May — August 1182 against the Crusaders. Crusader forces led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem battled with Ayyubid forces from Egypt commanded by Saladin. Saladin took action in Damascus on June 11, 1182, together with his regent Farrukh Shah. Entering Palestine from the south of Tiberias, Saladin encountered the Crusader army coming from Transjordan near Belvoir Castle.

The theatre of operations included Ayla, Transjordan, Galilee and Beirut.
Washington State Route 163
State Route 163 (SR 163) is a 3.37-mile-long (5.42 km) state highway in the U.S. state of Washington. The highway serves the city of Tacoma and the community of Ruston in Pierce County before traveling via a ferry route to the community of Tahlequah on Vashon Island in King County. SR 163 begins at an interchange with SR 16 in Tacoma and travels north as Pearl Street through Ruston to Point Defiance, where the designation continues onto the MV Chetzemoka ferry to Tahlequah.

SR 163 was established during the 1964 highway renumbering, extending from Sumner to Auburn. The highway was previously a part of the Pacific Highway during the early 20th century, but was designated as a branch of State Road 5 and Primary State Highway 5 (PSH 5) until 1964. SR 163 became SR 167 during the late 1960s and was moved to Pearl Street in 1991, with the ferry route being added in 1994.

Washington State Route 167
State Route 167 (SR 167) is a state highway in the Seattle metropolitan area of Washington state. It is commonly known as the Valley Freeway and serves the Green River Valley from Tacoma to Renton, primarily as a four-lane freeway. The 28-mile (45 km) highway begins in Tacoma at an interchange with Interstate 5 (I-5) and travels southeast to Puyallup as an undivided road. It then turns northeast onto a freeway and passes through interchanges with SR 512 in Puyallup and SR 410 in Sumner, continuing north through Auburn and Kent. After an interchange with I-405 in Renton, it terminates at an intersection with SR 900.
Deuce (musician)
Aron Erlichman (born March 2, 1983), better known by his stage name Deuce (shortened from "Tha Producer"), is an American rapper, music producer and guitarist. Brought to fame as a member of the rap rock band Hollywood Undead, Deuce departed from Hollywood Undead in 2010 and has since moved on to solo work through the label "Five Seven Music", a branch of Eleven Seven Music. He was formerly involved in a movement with fellow rapper Truth (Vardan Aslanyan) called "Nine Lives" (often stylized as both "9LIVES" and "IX LIVES"). Deuce released his debut album of the same name on April 24, 2012, which sold 11,425 copies in its first week. Deuce has also collaborated with artists NXTREADY, Ronnie Radke, Brokencyde and Blood on the Dance Floor.

Ronnie Radke
Ronald Joseph Radke (/ˈrædki/; born December 15, 1983) is an American singer, rapper, and songwriter who is the frontman of rock band Falling in Reverse and former frontman of post-hardcore band Escape the Fate. He rose to popularity with Escape the Fate, but was kicked out in 2008 after being sentenced to prison for violating probation. While in prison, Radke started a new band called From Behind These Walls, which later changed its name to Falling in Reverse. The band began recording upon his release from prison in December 2010.

As a solo musician, Radke released a rap mixtape, Watch Me, in 2014, which included collaborations with Deuce, b.LaY, Tyler Carter, Sy Ari da Kid, Jacoby Shaddix, Danny Worsnop, Andy Biersack, and Craig Mabbitt.

Radke's vocal style incorporates rapping, screaming and clean vocals.
The Architecture of Community
The Architecture of Community is a 2009 book by the Luxembourgish architect and architectural theorist Léon Krier. Significant parts of the content had appeared in Krier's shorter book Architecture: Choice or Fate, first published in 1995.

Léon Krier
Léon Krier CVO (7 April 1946 – 17 June 2025) was a Luxembourgish architect, architectural theorist, and urban planner, a prominent critic of modernist architecture and advocate of New Classical architecture and New Urbanism. Krier combined an international architecture and planning practice with writing and teaching. He was well known for his master plan for Poundbury, in Dorset, England. He was the younger brother of architect Rob Krier.
Daria Saville
Daria Saville (née Gavrilova; born 5 March 1994) is a Russian-born Australian professional tennis player. She competed under her maiden name until her marriage to Luke Saville in 2021. On 28 August 2017, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 20. On 25 September 2017, she peaked at No. 45 in the doubles rankings.

Saville has won one singles title and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and has additionally won four singles and two doubles titles on the ITF Circuit.

Saville was an accomplished junior player, having won the 2010 Youth Olympic Games and 2010 US Open, also reaching a combined career-high junior ranking of world No. 1 in August 2010.

In her career, Saville has achieved victories against former Grand Slam champions Maria Sharapova, Ana Ivanovic, Angelique Kerber (her first victory over a reigning world No. 1), and Petra Kvitová (three times), with all of these players being ranked in the top 10 at the time.

2010 US Open (tennis)
The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010, in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New York City, United States.

The tournament was initially going to finish with Men's Singles final on September 12, but was postponed due to rain on the last day and just before the men's tournament final. In the previous two years the tournament was also postponed because of weather.

Juan Martín del Potro and Kim Clijsters were the defending champions. Del Potro, due to a wrist injury, opted not to defend his title. Clijsters successfully defended her title with a score of 6–2, 6–1 in the final against Vera Zvonareva.
Arctium
Arctium is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae. Native to Europe and Asia, several species have been widely introduced worldwide. Burdock's clinging properties, in addition to providing an excellent mechanism for seed dispersal, led to the invention of the hook-and-loop fastener.

Velcro
Hook-and-loop fasteners, commonly known as Velcro (a trademarked term that the manufacturer renders in all-capital letters as VELCRO), hook-and-pile fasteners or touch fasteners are versatile fastening devices that allow two surfaces to be repeatedly attached and detached with ease. Invented in the mid-20th century, they are widely used in clothing, accessories, and various industrial and consumer applications. The fastener consists of two complementary components: one with tiny hooks and the other with soft loops. When pressed together, the hooks catch the loops, creating a secure but temporary bond. The fasteners can be separated by peeling or pulling the surfaces apart, often producing a distinctive ripping sound.