hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
ZACA reaction
The zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carbo-alumination reaction (or ZACA reaction) was developed by Nobel laureate Ei-ichi Negishi. It facilitates the chiral functionalization of alkenes using organoaluminium compounds under the influence of chiral bis-indenylzirconium catalysts (e.g. bearing chiral terpene residues, as in (+)- or (−)-bis[(1-neomenthyl)indenyl]zirconium dichloride). In a first step the alkene inserts into an Al-C bond of the reagent, forming a new chiral organoaluminium compound in which the aluminium atom occupies the lesser hindered position. This intermediate is usually oxidized by oxygen to form the corresponding chiral alcohol (cf. hydroboration–oxidation reaction). The reaction can also be applied to dienes, where the least sterically hindered double bond is attacked selectively.

Organoaluminium chemistry
Organoaluminium chemistry is the study of compounds containing bonds between carbon and aluminium.  It is one of the major themes within organometallic chemistry. Illustrative organoaluminium compounds are the dimer trimethylaluminium, the monomer triisobutylaluminium, and the titanium-aluminium compound called Tebbe's reagent. The behavior of organoaluminium compounds can be understood in terms of the polarity of the C−Al bond and the high Lewis acidity of the three-coordinated species. Industrially, these compounds are mainly used for the production of polyolefins.
Standard Portable Intermediate Representation
Standard Portable Intermediate Representation (SPIR) is an intermediate language for parallel computing and graphics by Khronos Group. It is used in multiple execution environments, including the Vulkan graphics API and the OpenCL compute API, to represent a shader or kernel. It is also used as an interchange language for cross compilation.

SPIR-V is a new version of SPIR which was introduced in 2015 by the Khronos Group, and has since replaced the original SPIR, which was introduced in 2012.

On September 19th 2024, Microsoft has announced plans to adopt SPIR-V as the Direct3D Interchange format in place of DXIL, beginning support from Shader Model 7 on.

Vulkan
Vulkan is a cross-platform API and open standard for 3D graphics and computing. It was intended to address the shortcomings of OpenGL, and allow developers more control over the GPU. It is designed to support a wide variety of GPUs, CPUs and operating systems, and  modern multi-core CPUs also.

Microsoft supports Vulkan 1.2 (and more) on Windows 10 and 11, with a downloadable compatibility pack.
Yamada Line (Kintetsu)
The Yamada Line (山田線, Yamada-sen) is a railway line of the Japanese private railway company Kintetsu Railway, connecting Ise-Nakagawa Station (Matsusaka, Mie) and Ujiyamada Station (Ise, Mie) in Japan.  The line runs parallel to parts of the JR Central Kisei Main Line and Sangū Line.

The line connects with the Toba Line at Ujiyamada Station. The Yamada Line, Toba Line, and Shima Line form a single train line that begins at Ise-Nakagawa Station and serves the Ise-Shima tourist region.

In 1941 when the line received its name, the city of Ise was called Ujiyamada and was actually a merger of two towns formerly called Uji and Yamada. The heart of the old town of Yamada was near modern-day Ujiyamada Station, the terminus, and thus the line was named the "Yamada Line".

Kintetsu Railway
Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. (近畿日本鉄道株式会社, Kinki-nippon Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha), referred to as Kintetsu (近鉄) and officially Kinki-Nippon Railway, is a Japanese passenger railway company, managing infrastructure and operating passenger train service. Its railway system is the largest in Japan, excluding Japan Railways Group. The railway network connects Osaka, Nara, Kyoto, Nagoya, Tsu, Ise, and Yoshino. Kintetsu Railway Co., Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kintetsu Group Holdings Co., Ltd.
1991 Sikh killings in Uttar Pradesh
On 12 July 1991, a vehicle carrying 25 Sikh pilgrims was stopped by the police at a checkpoint in Budaun district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Eleven of the male passengers were detained by police, ten of whom were later shot dead by police on 13 July 1991 in three different locations in the deep forest of Pilibhit tiger reserve in Pilibhit distinct, who alleged they were terrorists. The status of the eleventh detainee, a 15-year-old boy, remains unknown.  The independent investigation done by various media agencies as well as political parties did conclude that two of the 10 killed were actually wanted militants - Baljit Singh of Khalistan Liberation Army and Khalistan Commando Force chieftain Jaswant Singh 'Fauji'.  In 2016, 47 police officers involved with the killings were sentenced to life in prison; these sentences were overturned by a higher court, who in 2022 sentenced 43 of the officers to seven years in prison and fine.

Khalistan Liberation Force
The Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) is a pro-Khalistan militant organisation operating in the Punjab state of India, with prominent members based in Canada, the United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a sovereign Sikh state of Khalistan through armed struggle. It is responsible for numerous attacks including assassinations, bombings, mass murder, and abductions. It is also listed as a designated terrorist group by India.
Fermoy
Fermoy (Irish: Mainistir Fhear Maí, meaning 'monastery of the men of the plain') is a town on the River Blackwater in east County Cork, Ireland. As of the 2022 census, the town and environs had a population of approximately 6,700 people. It is located in the historical barony of Condons and Clangibbon, and is in the Dáil constituency of Cork East.

The town's name is of Irish origin and refers to a Cistercian abbey founded in the 13th century. This abbey is believed to have been founded by Domnall Mór Ua Briain, King of Thomond.

Munster Blackwater
The Blackwater or Munster Blackwater (Irish: An Abhainn Mhór, The Great River) is a river which flows through counties Kerry, Cork and Waterford in Ireland. It rises in the Mullaghareirk Mountains in County Kerry and then flows in an easterly direction across County Cork through the towns of Mallow and Fermoy. It then enters County Waterford where it flows through Lismore, before abruptly turning south at Cappoquin and finally draining into the Celtic Sea at Youghal Harbour in Cork. In total, the Blackwater is 169 km (105 mi) long.

The total catchment area of the River Blackwater is 3,324 km2. Its long-term average flow rate of is 89.1 cubic metres per second (m3/s) The Blackwater is notable for being one of the best salmon fishing rivers in the country. Like many Irish rivers, salmon stocks declined in recent years, but the Irish government banned commercial netting of salmon off the coast of Ireland in November 2006.
Gunner McGrath
Christopher Leslie "Gunner" McGrath (born September 29, 1978) is the American founder, lead singer, and guitarist of the punk rock band Much The Same.  In April 2007, he quit Much The Same citing an overwhelming frustration with the music industry, and the lifestyle of a touring musician.  From 2009 to 2011, he was part of the Willow Creek Community Church Studio Choir. On March 30, 2015, Much The Same reunited released their third album, Everything Is Fine, in 2019. In July 2020, McGrath joined the band Winning Streak, and recorded vocals for their album, We Need a Plan.

Much the Same
Much The Same was a punk rock band from the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois, United States.  Their style is based on the fast, melodic skate punk of the mid-to-late 1990s made popular by bands such as NOFX, Lagwagon, and No Use for a Name.

The band began in 1999 under the name Don't Look Down and changed to Much The Same in 2001 after a legal dispute with the now-defunct New Jersey band Don't Look Down.  They released Quitters Never Win on A-F Records in 2003 and Survive in 2006.

The band announced their break-up on April 23, 2007 following their first European tour.

They reunited for a final farewell performance on March 26, 2011 at Reggies Rock Club in Chicago. The sold-out show featured both fan favorite songs and a few the band rarely, if ever, played live.

The band announced on March 30, 2015, that they had reunited. They released their third and final album, Everything is Fine, in July 2019. On July 8, 2024, the band released a statement that they had disbanded for good.
Jack Newton
Jack Newton OAM (30 January 1950 – 14 April 2022) was an Australian professional golfer. Newton had early success in Australia, winning the 1972 Amoco Forbes Classic. He soon moved on to the British PGA where he won three times in the mid-1970s and finished runner-up at the 1975 Open Championship. Shortly thereafter, Newton started playing on the PGA Tour where he won the 1978 Buick-Goodwrench Open. During this era, Newton also played significantly in Australia, culminating with a win at the 1979 Australian Open. Four years later, Newton had a near-fatal accident when he walked into the spinning propeller of an airplane, losing his right arm and right eye. However, he survived and managed to work a number of golf-related jobs for the remainder of his life.

Australian Open (golf)
The Australian Open, owned and run by Golf Australia, is the oldest and most prestigious golf tournament on the PGA Tour of Australasia. The Open was first played in 1904 and takes place toward the end of each year.

The winner of the tournament receives the Stonehaven Cup, presented by Lord Stonehaven, the Governor-General of Australia from 1925 to 1930. It was first presented in 1930.
Logistic Battalion "Cremona"
The Logistic Battalion "Cremona" (Italian: Battaglione Logistico "Cremona") is an inactive military logistics battalion of the Italian Army, which was assigned to the Motorized Brigade "Cremona". Since 1 November 2019, the flag of the Logistic Battalion "Cremona" is assigned to the Logistic Regiment "Sassari" in Sardinia. The battalion's anniversary falls, as for all units of the Italian Army's Transport and Materiel Corps, on 22 May, the anniversary of the Royal Italian Army's first major use of automobiles to transport reinforcements to the Asiago plateau to counter the Austro-Hungarian Asiago Offensive in May 1916.

Motorized Brigade "Cremona"
The Motorized Brigade "Cremona" was an infantry brigade of the Italian Army. The brigade's headquarters was in the city of Turin. The brigade carried on the name and traditions of the 44th Infantry Division "Cremona".
Maidashi Ryokuchi
Maidashi Ryokuchi (Japanese: 馬出緑地) is an  elevated linear park, greenway, and rail trail in Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It is officially named Maidashi Green Space No. 8 (第8号馬出緑地).

The park is located in Fukuoka's green belt and is an example of the reuse of abandoned railway land in an urban setting. Nishi-Nippon Railroad sold the property to the city in 1980.

Maidashi
Maidashi (馬出) is a district of Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is divided into six chōme, numbered 1 to 6, with a total population of 8,813 and 5,341 households (as of 31 August 2011). The postal code for addresses in Maidashi is 812–0054. The "Maidashi" school district includes parts of the Higashi Hama district.
Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense
The chief management officer (CMO) of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) was the third-in-command of the department after the Secretary of Defense and Deputy Secretary of Defense. The position's purpose was to reduce costs by improving the quality and productivity of DoD's business operations.  Congress disestablished the CMO position with the passage of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 effective 1 January 2021.

United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
The deputy secretary of defense (acronym: DepSecDef) who is secondarily but informally titled the deputy secretary of war (DepSecWar), is a statutory office (10 U.S.C. § 132) and the second-highest-ranking official in the Department of Defense of the United States of America.

The deputy secretary is the principal civilian deputy to the secretary of defense, and is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The deputy secretary, by statute, is designated as the DoD chief management officer and must be a civilian, at least seven years removed from service as a commissioned officer on active-duty at the date of appointment.
Taxation in medieval England
Taxation in medieval England was the system of raising money for royal and governmental expenses. During the Anglo-Saxon period, the main forms of taxation were land taxes, although custom duties and fees to mint coins were also imposed. The most important tax of the late Anglo-Saxon period was the geld, a land tax first regularly collected in 1012 to pay for mercenaries. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, the geld continued to be collected until 1162, but it was eventually replaced with taxes on personal property and income.

Danegeld
Danegeld (/ˈdeɪnɡɛld/; literally "Dane yield") was a tax raised to pay tribute or protection money to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged.  It was called the geld or gafol in eleventh-century sources.  It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forces. The term Danegeld did not appear until the late eleventh century. In Anglo-Saxon England tribute payments to the Danes was known as gafol and the levy raised to support the standing army, for the defence of the realm, was known as heregeld (army-tax).
Volney Rogers
Volney Rogers (December 1, 1846 – December 3, 1919) was a lawyer in Youngstown, Ohio, United States, who is known for his role in transforming Mill Creek "hollow" into one of the nation's most celebrated metropolitan parks. Rogers, a seminal figure in the history of America's state park system, served as counsel for the American Civic Association, a group dedicated to the preservation of Niagara Falls.

Mill Creek Park
Mill Creek Park is an urban park in Youngstown and Boardman, Ohio. It stretches from the near west side of Youngstown through unincorporated Boardman Township. The park encompasses 2,658 acres (1,076 ha), including three lakes and 45 miles (72 km) of recreational trails. The Trust for Public Land ranks one part of Mill Creek as the 142nd largest park located within the limits of a US city.
Wungong, Western Australia
Wungong (older spelling Wongong), pronounced /wuːŋɡɒŋ/ is a semi-rural south-eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located midway between Armadale and Byford and located in the local government area of the City of Armadale.

Byford, Western Australia
Byford is a suburb on the south-eastern edge of Perth, Western Australia, within the Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale. The town has its origins in a township that was gazetted under the name "Beenup" in 1906. In 1920, the name of the township was changed to Byford.
Yakut Khan
Qasim Yakut Khan also known as Yakut Shaikhji, Yakub Khan and Sidi Yaqub was a naval Admiral and administrator of Janjira Fort who first served under Bijapur Sultanate and later under the Mughal Empire.

Murud-Janjira
Murud-Janjira (pron.ⓘ) is the local name of a fort and tourist attraction situated on an island just off the coastal town of Murud, in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India. Malik Ambar is credited with the construction of the Janjira Fort in the Murud Area of present-day Maharashtra India. After its construction in 1567 AD, the fort was key to the Sidis withstanding various invasion attempts by the Marathas, Mughals, and Portuguese to capture Janjira.
Chelsea Theater Center
The Chelsea Theater Center was a not-for-profit theater company founded in 1965 by Robert Kalfin, a graduate of the Yale School of Drama. It opened its doors in a church in the Chelsea district of Manhattan, then moved to the Brooklyn Academy of Music in 1968, where it was in residence for ten years.

Brooklyn Academy of Music
The Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) is a multi-arts center in Brooklyn, New York City. It hosts progressive and avant-garde performances, with theater, dance, music, opera, film programming across multiple nearby venues.

BAM was chartered in 1859, presented its first show in 1861, and began operations in its present location in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, in 1908. The Academy is incorporated as a New York State not-for-profit corporation. It has 501(c)(3) status.
Syed Faizul Karim
Syed Faizul Karim (Bengali: সৈয়দ ফয়জুল করিম; born 10 January 1973) is a Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician. He is known as Shaikh-e-Charmonai to his supporters. He is senior nayeb-e-emir of Islami Andolan Bangladesh. He is also the vice president of Bangladesh Mujahid Committee and Bangladesh Quran Education Board and a central member of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh. During his student life, he served as the central president of the Islami Chhatra Andolan Bangladesh.

Islami Andolan Bangladesh
Islami Andolan Bangladesh (Bengali: ইসলামী আন্দোলন বাংলাদেশ, lit. 'Islamic Movement [of] Bangladesh') is an Islamist political party in Bangladesh. It was established by Islamic scholar Syed Fazlul Karim, pir of Charmonai, on 13 March 1987 as the Islami Shasontontro Andolon. Syed Rezaul Karim is the incumbent ameer of the party since 2006.

The party has campaigned in favour of a blasphemy law and organised rallies in support for a restoration of the caretaker government system, as well as demanding punishment of former government minister Abdul Latif Siddique for his comments criticizing Hajj.
Mind Sports Olympiad
The Mind Sports Olympiad (MSO) is an annual international multi-disciplined competition and festival for games of mental skill and mind sports by Mind Sports Organisation. The inaugural event was held in 1997 in London with £100,000 prize fund and was described as possibly the biggest games festival ever held.

The MSO was the first event of its kind celebrating mental skills and awarding gold, silver and bronze medals for each event and was highly influential on the mind sports movement and competitions that have followed since. The main MSO tournament has been held every year in England.

In 2020,  due to the COVID-19 pandemic, for the first time, the entire MSO tournament was held online.

Mind Sports Organisation
The Mind Sports Organisation (MSO) is an association for promoting mind sports including Contract Bridge, Chess, Go, Mastermind, and Scrabble. Since 1997 it has annually organised in England a multi-sport competition, the Mind Sports Olympiad.

The MSO was founded in conjunction with the first Mind Sports Olympiad. Beside the main event, always in England and usually in London, it has supported similar events elsewhere, including Milan; South Korea, and Prague.
Noble Consort Yijing
Lady Namjung (Chinese: 娜木鐘, Manchu: ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᡠᠩ; died 1674) of the Abaga Borjigit clan, formally known as Noble Consort Yijing (懿靖貴妃), was the consort of Ligdan Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, after his death became an imperial concubine of Emperor Hong Taiji  of the Qing dynasty.

Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), sometimes rendered as Huang Taiji and occasionally referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He conquered Inner Mongolia and the remainder of Manchuria and invaded Korea, which became a Qing tributary state. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchens to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636.
Pulp mill
A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods. The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers. Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules that can be washed away from the cellulose fibers without depolymerizing the cellulose fibers.

The earliest known methods for preparing pulp for paper making were water-powered, in 8th-century Samarkand, Abbasid Caliphate. Fibre source must be prepared before milling, which may occur in mechanical pulp mills, chemical pulp mills, or chemi-mechanical pulp mills.

Kraft process
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na2S), known as white liquor, that breaks the bonds that link lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose.  The technology entails several steps, both mechanical and chemical.  It is the dominant method for producing paper.  In some situations, the process has been controversial because kraft plants can release odorous products and in some situations produce substantial liquid wastes.

The process name is derived from the German word Kraft, meaning 'strength' in this context, due to the strength of the kraft paper produced using this process.
Georgian Basketball Federation
The Georgian Basketball Federation (abbr. GBF; Georgian: საქართველოს კალათბურთის ფედერაცია) is the national governing body of basketball in Georgia. It was founded on 4 June 1991, and is headquartered in Tbilisi.

The Georgian Basketball Federation operates the Georgia men's national team and Georgia women's national team. They organize national competitions in Georgia, for both the men's and women's senior teams and also the youth national basketball teams.

The top professional league in Georgia is the Georgian Superliga.

Georgia women's national basketball team
The Georgia women's national basketball team is the women's basketball side that represents the country of Georgia in international competitions. It is governed by the Georgian Basketball Federation.

The team for several times unsuccessfully tried to qualify for the EuroBasket.
2020 Spa-Francorchamps Formula 3 round
The 2020 Spa-Francorchamps FIA Formula 3 round was a motor racing event held on 29 and 30 August 2020 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Stavelot, Belgium. It was the seventh round of the 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship, and ran in support of the 2020 Belgian Grand Prix.

2020 Belgian Grand Prix
The 2020 Belgian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Rolex Belgian Grand Prix 2020) was a Formula One motor race held on 30 August 2020 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Stavelot, Belgium. The race was the seventh round in the 2020 Formula One World Championship.