hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Ganja case (2018)
The Ganja case(2018) or Ganja events of 2018 (Azerbaijani: Gəncə iğtişaşları (2018)) refers to mass arrests and prosecutions that followed an assassination attempt of the mayor of Ganja, Elmar Valiyev, which caused unrest in the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan, in July 2018. A local man by the name of Yunis Safarov, shot and wounded the mayor of the city on 3 July 2018 and a week later, protesters in the city clashed with police, during which two police officers were killed. In the aftermath, Azerbaijani authorities arrested dozens of people and brought multiple criminal charges against them for organizing the violence. Human-rights organisations have expressed concerns over torture and mistreatment allegations related to the case and an application has been filed with ECtHR.

Yunis Safarov
Yunis Safarov is an Azerbaijani political dissident and member of the Shia Islamist militant group called the Islamic Resistance Movement of Azerbaijan, a group which gained infamy after Ganja events of 2018, when he attempted to assassinate Elmar Valiyev, the leader of the executive authority of the city of Ganja.
Boston and Albany Railroad
The Boston and Albany Railroad (reporting mark B&A) was a railroad connecting Boston, Massachusetts to Albany, New York, later becoming part of the New York Central Railroad system, Conrail, and CSX Transportation. The mainline is currently used by CSX for freight as the Berkshire Subdivision and Boston Subdivision. Norfolk Southern also has trackage rights to operate freight trains over the line. Passenger service is provided on the line by Amtrak, as part of their Lake Shore Limited service, and by the MBTA Commuter Rail system, which owns the section east of Worcester and operates it as its Framingham/Worcester Line.

New York and New England Railroad
The New York and New England Railroad (NY&NE) was a railroad connecting southern New York State with Hartford, Connecticut; Providence, Rhode Island; and Boston, Massachusetts. It operated under that name from 1873 to 1893. Prior to 1873 it was known as the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad, which had been formed from several smaller railroads that dated back to 1846. After a bankruptcy in 1893, the NY&NE was reorganized and briefly operated as the New England Railroad before being leased to the competing New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1898.

Today, most of the original New York and New England lines have been abandoned. A segment in Massachusetts is now part of the MBTA's Franklin/Foxboro Line providing commuter rail service to South Station in Boston, and another segment near East Hartford and Manchester, Connecticut, is used for freight service on the Connecticut Southern Railroad. Other portions in Connecticut and Rhode Island have been converted to rail trails.
Secret Cinema
Secret Cinema is  a London-based entertainment company that specialises in immersive film and television events. Founded and created in 2007 by Fabien Riggall, it began with mystery screenings at initially undisclosed venues in London, including interactive performances in purpose-built sets.

It was purchased by TodayTix in September 2022.

TodayTix
TodayTix  is a digital ticketing platform for theatrical and cultural events. Founded by two Broadway producers, TodayTix's free mobile apps for iOS and Android provide access to theater shows in New York City, London, the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, Washington DC, Chicago, Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane.
Fichtelberg railway
The Fichtelberg railway (German: Fichtelbergbahn) is a 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) narrow-gauge railway that leads from the standard-gauge international line at Cranzahl to the ski resort of Oberwiesenthal in the Ore Mountains in eastern Germany. It takes its name from the Fichtelberg Mountain near Oberwiesenthal.

Saxon Steam Railway Company
The Saxon Steam Railway Company (Sächsische Dampfeisenbahngesellschaft mbH or SDG), formerly the BVO Bahn, is a German railway company in Saxony, that operates several Saxon narrow gauge railways. The SDG is a subsidiary of the BVO Verkehrsbetriebe Erzgebirge (BVO) and the Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO).
Erdős–Rado theorem
In partition calculus, part of combinatorial set theory, a branch of mathematics, the Erdős–Rado theorem  is a basic result extending Ramsey's theorem to uncountable sets. It is named after Paul Erdős and Richard Rado. It is sometimes also attributed to Đuro Kurepa who proved it under the additional assumption of the generalised continuum hypothesis, and hence the result is sometimes also referred to as the Erdős–Rado–Kurepa theorem.

Richard Rado
Richard Rado FRS (28 April 1906 – 23 December 1989) was a German-born British mathematician whose research concerned combinatorics and graph theory. He was Jewish and left Germany to escape Nazi persecution. He earned two PhDs: in 1933 from the University of Berlin, and in 1935 from the University of Cambridge. He was interviewed in Berlin by Lord Cherwell for a scholarship given by the chemist Sir Robert Mond which provided financial support to study at Cambridge. After he was awarded the scholarship, Rado and his wife left for the UK in 1933. He was appointed Professor of Mathematics at the University of Reading in 1954 and remained there until he retired in 1971.
Alfredo Ripstein
Alfredo Ripstein (Alfredo Ripstein Aronovich) (December 10, 1916, Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico — January 20, 2007, Mexico City) was a Mexican film producer of European-Jewish descent. He is credited with helping shape Mexico's film industry in the period surrounding World War II.

Ripstein also helped start the careers of several contemporary Mexican actors such as Gael García Bernal and Salma Hayek.

Parral, Chihuahua
Hidalgo del Parral is a city and seat of the municipality of Hidalgo del Parral in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. It is located in the southern part of the state, 220 kilometres (140 mi) from the state capital, the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. As of 2015, the city of Hidalgo del Parral had a population of 109,510 inhabitants, while the metro area had a population of 129,688 inhabitants.  During the colonial period the city was a significant supplier of silver to the Spanish empire and was known as San José del Parral. The name of the city was changed after independence from Spain, in honour of Fr Miguel Hidalgo, widely considered the 'Father of the Country'. In 2023, Hidalgo del Parral was designated a Pueblo Mágico by the Mexican government, recognizing its cultural and historical importance.
Monguagon Township, Michigan
Mongaugon Township, is a former township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Quarries where gray limestone and celestine associated with calcite, fluorite, gypsum, epsomite, and rarely, sulfur were first worked by the French circa 1749. United States forces aided by Muskrat French defeated United Kingdom forces aided by Native Americans forces at the Battle of Monguagon during the War of 1812.

Mongaugon Township was first settled in 1812 by many former soldiers of the afformentioned War who founded villages that grew to become the cities of Trenton and Riverview, and the civil township of Grosse Ile.

Riverview, Michigan
Riverview is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, Riverview had a population of 12,490.

Riverview is a suburb of Metro Detroit about 6 miles (9.7 km) south of the southern border of Detroit along the Detroit River.  Riverview was incorporated as a village within Monguagon Township in 1923 and later incorporated as a city in 1959.
Bass Coast Shire
The Bass Coast Shire is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the southeastern part of the state. It covers an area of 866 square kilometres (334 sq mi) and in June 2018 had a population of 35,327. It includes the towns of Bass, Cape Paterson, Cape Woolamai, Corinella, Coronet Bay, Cowes, Inverloch, Kilcunda, Lang Lang, Newhaven, Rhyll, San Remo, Summerlands and Wonthaggi as well as the historic locality of Krowera. It also includes the popular tourist destination Phillip Island.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Bass Coast Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is the council headquarters in Wonthaggi, with other service centres located in Cowes, Grantville and Inverloch. The Shire is named after its most precious asset, the coasts of Bass Strait and Western Port.

Cape Paterson
Cape Paterson (/ˈpætərsən/) is town located near the town of Wonthaggi, 132 kilometres (82 mi) south-east of Melbourne via the South Gippsland and Bass Highways, in the Bass Coast Shire of Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.  Known originally for the discovery of coal by William Hovell in 1826, it is now extremely popular for its beaches and rockpool and at the 2011 census, it had a population of 718.

Cape Paterson has six beaches.

Cape Paterson was named by Lieut. James Grant in 1801 to honour explorer Lieut. Col. William Paterson, second in command of the Botany Bay (Sydney) battalion.
Weldona, Colorado
Weldona is an unincorporated town, a post office, and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Morgan County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Fort Morgan, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Weldona post office has the ZIP Code 80653. At the United States Census 2020, the population of the Weldona CDP was 113.

Morgan County, Colorado
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 29,111. The county seat is Fort Morgan. The county was named after old Fort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of Colonel Christopher A. Morgan.

Morgan County comprises the Fort Morgan, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Exeter Mohawks
The Exeter Mohawks were a senior hockey team based out of Exeter, Ontario, Canada.  The team was previously known as the Hensall Sherwoods, but relocated to Exeter in the summer of 2007.  The Mohawks played in the Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League.

Exeter, Ontario
Exeter is a community in the municipality of South Huron, in the southern portion of Huron County, Ontario, Canada, located approximately 40 kilometres north of London. The community proclaims itself the "Home of the White Squirrel", owing to the presence of the unusually-coloured mammals. Exeter's mascot, "Willis The White Wonder", can be seen at many community events throughout the year, including Canada Day celebrations, the Exeter Rodeo, and the Santa Claus Parade.
Gor Mahia F.C.
Gor Mahia Football Club (/ˌɡɔːr ˈmaɪjə/ ⓘ), commonly known as K'Ogalo (Dholuo for 'descendant of Ogalo'), is a professional football club based in Nairobi, Kenya. They have won the Kenyan Premier League a record 21 times, and have also won the FKF President's Cup a record 11 times. It is the first and only team from Kenya to win an African continental title to date, having won the African Cup Winners' Cup in 1987 after previously reaching the final in 1979.

Several teams in the Kenyan football league system are closely linked to ethnic groups in Kenya; Gor Mahia are considered to represent the Luo people in the south of Nyanza Province.

Kenyan Premier League
The Kenyan Premier League (KPL), officially known as the SportPesa League, is a professional league for men's football clubs in Kenya. Standing at the top of the Kenyan football league system, the league was formed in 1963 under the Kenya Football Federation but is now controlled by the Football Kenya Federation. It is contested by 18 clubs and operates on a promotion and relegation system with the Kenyan National Super League. Kenya Police are the current champions, having won the 2024–25 season.

The league was mostly stable until the late 1990s and since then its performance had been considered below average, with many of the league's clubs having little or no finances to support themselves. However, when SuperSport became an official league partner, the league has taken on a more serious role with teams becoming professional and the majority of the clubs managing to get kit sponsorships. This saw the level of competition improve compared to past.
Sione Molia
Sione Molia (born 5 September 1993) is a New Zealand professional rugby union player who plays as a centre for National Provincial Championship club Counties Manukau and the New Zealand national sevens team.

New Zealand national rugby sevens team
The New Zealand national rugby sevens team competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, Rugby World Cup Sevens, Summer Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games. They have won a record 14 World Rugby Sevens Series titles.

The team played for the first time at the 1973 International Seven-A-Side Tournament.
Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
Switzerland was set to be represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Répondez-moi", written by Gjon Muharremaj, Xavier Michel, Alizé Oswald, and Jeroen Swinnen, and performed by Muharremaj himself under his stage name Gjon's Tears. The song was internally selected by the Swiss broadcaster Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR) to represent the nation at the 2020 contest in Rotterdam, Netherlands. "Répondez-moi" was presented to the public on 4 March 2020.

Switzerland was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2020. However, the contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gjon's Tears
Gjon Muharremaj (Albanian: [ɟɔn muhaˈrɛmaj]; born 29 June 1998), known professionally as Gjon's Tears, is a Swiss singer and songwriter. He was scheduled to represent Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 with the song "Répondez-moi" prior to the event's cancellation. He was internally selected again as the country's representative for the 2021 contest with "Tout l'univers". He finished in third place with 432 points, at the time the best placing for Switzerland since 1993.
Robert Yates (NASCAR owner)
James Robert Yates (April 19, 1943 – October 2, 2017) was an American NASCAR engine builder and founder of the Winston Cup Series team Robert Yates Racing. He purchased the team from Harry Ranier in 1988, with driver Davey Allison. Yates owned the team until retiring at the end of the 2007 season with his son Doug assuming ownership and renaming the team Yates Racing. In 2018, Yates was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame.

Yates Racing
Yates Racing was an American stock car racing team that competed in NASCAR through the 2009 season, after which it merged into Richard Petty Motorsports. Previously known as Robert Yates Racing, the team was owned by Doug Yates, who has officially owned the team since his father Robert's retirement on December 1, 2007. The Yates family owned the team since purchasing it from Harry Ranier and J. T. Lundy in October 1988.

The team was noted for its strong engine program and its success on superspeedways.  Throughout most of its history, the team fielded Ford cars numbered 28, 38 and 88, although in its final season it fielded the number 98.
Smeaton's Tower
Smeaton's Tower is a redundant lighthouse, now a memorial to civil engineer John Smeaton, designer of the third and most notable Eddystone Lighthouse. A major step forward in lighthouse design, Smeaton's structure was in use from 1759 to 1877, until erosion of the ledge it was built upon forced new construction.  The tower was largely dismantled and rebuilt on Plymouth Hoe in Plymouth, Devon, where it stands today.

Plymouth Hoe
Plymouth Hoe, referred to locally as The Hoe, is a large south-facing open public space in the English coastal city of Plymouth, Devon.

The Hoe is adjacent to and above the low limestone cliffs that form the seafront and commands views of Plymouth Sound, Drake's Island, and across the Hamoaze to Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall. The name derives from the Anglo-Saxon word hoh, a sloping ridge shaped like an inverted foot and heel (a term that survives in a few other placenames, notably Sutton Hoo).
The Big Trail
The Big Trail is a 1930 American epic pre-Code Western early widescreen film shot on location across the American West starring 23-year-old John Wayne in his first leading role and directed by Raoul Walsh. It is the final completed film to feature Tyrone Power Sr. before his death in 1931, as well as his only sound role.

In 2006, the United States Library of Congress deemed this film "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry, saying "the plot of a trek along the Oregon Trail is aided immensely by the majestic sweep provided by the experimental 70mm Grandeur wide-screen process used in filming". Fox officials told Walsh that its opening scenes were the greatest filmed in Hollywood to that point.

70 mm Grandeur film
70 mm Grandeur film, also called Fox Grandeur or Grandeur 70, is a 70 mm widescreen film format developed by William Fox through his Fox Film and Fox-Case corporations and used commercially on a small but successful scale in 1929–30.
Wildebeest chess
Wildebeest chess is a chess variant created by R. Wayne Schmittberger in 1987. The Wildebeest board is 11×10 squares. Besides the standard chess pieces, each side has two camels and one "wildebeest" - a piece which may move as either a camel or a knight.

The inventor's intent was "to balance the number of 'riders'—pieces that move along open lines—with the number of 'leapers'—pieces that jump". (So for each side, two knights, two camels, and a wildebeest balance two rooks, two bishops, and a queen.)

The game was played regularly in the (now defunct) correspondence game club NOST.

Camel (chess)
The camel or long knight is a fairy chess piece with an elongated knight move. It can jump three squares horizontally and one square vertically or three squares vertically and one square horizontally, regardless of intervening pieces. Therefore, it is a (1,3)-leaper. The piece is commonly represented in diagrams as an inverted knight.
Mahfoozur Rahman Nami
Mahfoozur Rahman Nami (May 1911 – 17 November 1963) was an Indian Muslim scholar, politician and an author. He was an alumnus of Jamia Miftahul Uloom and Darul Uloom Deoband. He established Madrasa Nūr-ul-Ulūm and Azad Inter College in Bahraich.

Jamia Arabia Masoodia Noorul Uloom
Jamia Arabia Masoodia Noorul Uloom, also known as Noorul Uloom Bahraich, is the oldest Islamic saminary belonging to the Deobandi school of thought in the Bahraich City of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
2nd Middlesex Artillery Volunteers
The 2nd Middlesex Artillery was a Volunteer unit of Britain's Royal Artillery. First raised in the Victorian era among Customs officers in the Port of London, it later became the 3rd London Brigade, Royal Field Artillery in the Territorial Force and saw action on the Western Front during World War I.

58th (2/1st London) Division
The 58th (2/1st London) Division was an infantry division created in 1915 as part of the massive expansion of the British Army during the First World War. It was a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 56th (1/1st London) Division. After training in Britain, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in 1917. It saw action at the battles of Arras and Passchedaele in 1917 and the German spring offensive in 1918. It then took part in the Battle of Amiens and the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive of the war. The division was recreated during the Second World War, as an imaginary deception formation.
Harary's generalized tic-tac-toe
Harary's generalized tic-tac-toe or animal tic-tac-toe is a generalization of the game tic-tac-toe, defining the game as a race to complete a particular polyomino (Harary called them "animals") on a grid of squares. It was devised by Frank Harary in March 1977.

Harary tic-tac-toe is similar to the m,n,k-games, of which tic-tac-toe and Gomoku are examples; but in tic-tac-toe the first player is trying to complete either an I-tromino (a horizontal or vertical line of three squares) or a diagonal line of three corner-connected squares, whereas in Harary's game there is only a single polyomino involved.

Tic-tac-toe
Tic-tac-toe (American English), noughts and crosses (Commonwealth English), or Xs and Os (Canadian or Irish English) is a paper-and-pencil game for two players who take turns marking the spaces in a three-by-three grid, one with Xs and the other with Os. A player wins when they mark all three spaces of a row, column, or diagonal of the grid, whereupon they traditionally draw a line through those three marks to indicate the win. It is a solved game, with a forced draw assuming best play from both players.
Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
The Age of Sail encompasses the period of roughly 1571–1862, when large, sail-powered wooden naval warships dominated the high seas, mounting a large variety of types and sizes of cannon as their main armament. By modern standards, these naval artillery pieces were extremely inefficient, difficult to load, and short ranged. These characteristics, along with the handling and seamanship of the ships that mounted them, defined the environment in which the naval tactics in the Age of Sail developed.

Age of Sail
The Age of Sail is a period in European history that lasted at the latest from the mid-16th (or mid-15th) to the mid-19th centuries, in which the dominance of sailing ships in global trade and warfare culminated, particularly marked by the introduction of naval artillery, and ultimately reached its highest extent at the advent of steam power. Enabled by the advances of the related age of navigation, it is identified as a distinctive element of the early modern period and the Age of Discovery.
Hiroyuki Sonoda
Hiroyuki Sonoda (園田 博之, Sonoda Hiroyuki; February 19, 1942 – November 11, 2018) was a Japanese politician who served in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the House of Representatives for Kumamoto 4th district; following the 2017 general election when Kumamoto lost one seat due to reapportionment, he moved to the Kyūshū proportional representation block. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), previous party affiliations have been independent→LDP→New Party Sakigake→Independent→LDP→Sunrise Party of Japan→Sunrise Party→Japan Restoration Party→Party for Future Generations→Sunrise Party→Party for Future Generations→LDP.

Sunrise Party
The Sunrise Party (太陽の党, Taiyō no Tō; literally "Party of the Sun", SP), formerly known as the Sunrise Party of Japan (たちあがれ日本, Tachiagare Nippon; literally "Rise up, Japan!", SPJ), was a conservative and nationalist political party in Japan. The SPJ was formed on 10 April 2010 by five Japanese lawmakers and parliamentarians, four former members of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and an independent politician. It was named by the then-Tokyo Metropolitan Governor Shintarō Ishihara who supported the action. At its inception, the party described itself as an "anti-DPJ, non-LDP" political force.

It was renamed and re-formed on 14 November 2012 by co-leaders Ishihara and Takeo Hiranuma. The party merged into the Japan Restoration Party on 17 November 2012.
Tube lock
Tube lock (ger. Zünderschloss) was an early form of percussion lock mechanism, invented in 1818. It used percussion tubes placed directly in the priming pan and activated with a blow of the hammer, instead of the more advanced percussion caps. It was used extensively in Austria in 1835-1854 for military weapons (Console and Augustin percussion muskets).

Percussion cap
The percussion cap, percussion primer, or caplock, introduced in the early 1820s, is a type of single-use percussion ignition device for muzzle loader firearm locks enabling them to fire reliably in any weather condition. Its invention gave rise to the caplock mechanism or percussion lock system which used percussion caps struck by the hammer to set off the gunpowder charge in  rifles and cap and ball firearms. Any firearm using a caplock mechanism is a percussion gun. Any long gun with a cap-lock mechanism and rifled barrel is a percussion rifle. Cap and ball describes cap-lock firearms discharging a single bore-diameter spherical bullet with each shot.