hotchpotch/wikipedia-multilingual-ir-related-lead-pairs huggingface dataset:
Pact for Autonomy
The Pact for Autonomy (Italian: Patto per l'Autonomia, Friulian: Pat pe Autonomie, Slovene: Pakt za Avtonomijo, German: Pakt für die Autonomie, PpA) is a regionalist and social-liberal political party in Friuli-Venezia Giulia that aims to defend the regional autonomy and protect all linguistic minorities present in the region (Friulian, German and Slovene). Its leaders have been Sergio Cecotti and Massimo Moretuzzo.

The party is a member of the European Free Alliance and of the Autonomies and Environment Pact.

Autonomies and Environment Pact
The Autonomies and Environment Pact (Italian: Patto Autonomie e Ambiente, AeA) is a centre-left network of political parties in Italy, aimining to combine regionalism and green politics. Most of its members are part of the European Free Alliance at the European level. AeA was established on 11 November 2019 and its president is Roberto Visentin, a former leader and senator of Lega Friuli–Lega Nord and founding member of the Pact for Autonomy.
Socken
Socken (Swedish: [ˈsʊ̌kːɛn] or [ˈsɔ̌kːɛn]) is the name used for a part of a county in Sweden. In Denmark, similar areas are known as sogn, in Norway sokn or sogn and in Finland pitäjä or socken. A socken is a rural area formed around a church, typically in the Middle Ages. A socken originally served as a parish. Later, until the Swedish municipal reforms of 1862, it also served as a civil parish or an administrative parish, and became a predecessor to today's municipalities of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Today it is a traditional area with frozen borders, in Sweden typically identical to those of the early 20th century rural parishes. The socken also served as a registration unit for buildings, in Sweden recently replaced by identical registration districts as registration unit. A socken consists of several villages and industry localities (company towns), and is typically named after the main village and the original church.

Municipalities of Sweden
The municipalities of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges kommuner) are its generally smaller but co-equal local government entities. There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for a large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning.
California Forever
California Forever is an American real estate development corporation founded by Jan Sramek. Through its subsidiary Flannery Associates, California Forever anonymously purchased over 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) of farm land in southeastern Solano County, on the edge of the San Francisco Bay Area. In August 2023, the company announced the East Solano Plan to build a new walkable city of up to 400,000 people on 17,500 acres (7,100 ha) of land.

In July 2024, the company withdrew its ballot initiative and announced an agreement with county officials to create an environmental impact report and development agreement. It has been proposed to reintroduce the ballot initiative in 2026 after environmental reports have been published.

The project has faced criticism questioning the land acquisition tactics of Flannery Associates, the security behind the proposed water supply, and the environmental impacts of the project on surrounding land.

Solano County, California
Solano County (/səˈlɑːnoʊ/ ⓘ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, its population was 453,491. The county seat is Fairfield.

Solano County comprises the Vallejo–Fairfield metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, combined statistical area. Solano County is the northeastern county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region.
Águila Solitaria
Águila Solitaria (born August 31, 1954) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. Águila Solitaria's real name is not a matter of public record, as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans. His ring name, Águila Solitario, is Spanish for "Lone Eagle", which is reflected in the eagle wing design on his mask. Águila Soltaria made his professional wrestling debut in 1978 and since 1997 has only wrestled a limited schedule.

Ciclón Ramirez
Celso Reyes Daza (July 28, 1961 – March 4, 2025) was a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, best known under his ring name Ciclón Ramírez (Spanish for "Cyclone Ramirez"). Reyes worked as Pegaso I for six years before switching to the Ciclón Ramirez name in 1988. As Ramirez he originally worked as an enmascarado, or masked wrestler but was unmasked after losing a Luchas de Apuestas, or bet fight, to El Felino. The character "Ciclón Ramirez" is billed as a relative of the character Huracán Ramírez, which is a storyline invented for wrestling. Reyes' son currently works as Ciclón Ramírez Jr.
Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation
Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located on Middleton Road, Higher Crumpsall, North Manchester, England. The congregation was founded in 1935 and worships in the Ashkenazi rite.

The synagogue building was completed in 1967.

Crumpsall
Crumpsall is an outer suburb and electoral ward of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England, 3 miles (5 km) north of Manchester city centre, bordered by Cheetham Hill, Blackley, Harpurhey, Broughton, and Prestwich. The population at the 2011 census was 15,959. Historically part of Lancashire, Crumpsall was a township within the parish of Manchester, Salford hundred. North Manchester General Hospital is in Crumpsall.
Leonid Volodarsky
Leonid Veniaminovitch Volodarsky (Russian: Леони́д Вениами́нович Волода́рский; 20 May 1950 – 7 August 2023) was a Russian translator, writer, and weekly radio show anchor. He is mostly known in Russia as one of the home video voice-over translators of 1980s and 1990s films such as The Empire Strikes Back, Terminator dilogy, Last Action Hero, A Nightmare on Elm Street and others. Volodarsky was also the first translator of Stephen King books into Russian.

Voice-over translation
Voice-over translation is an audiovisual translation technique in which, unlike in dubbing, actor voices are recorded over the original audio track which can be heard in the background.

This method of translation is most often used in documentaries and news reports to translate words of foreign-language interviewees in countries where subtitling is not the norm.
Sheffer stroke
In Boolean functions and propositional calculus, the Sheffer stroke denotes a logical operation that is equivalent to the negation of the conjunction operation, expressed in ordinary language as "not both". It is also called non-conjunction, alternative denial (since it says in effect that at least one of its operands is false), or NAND ("not and"). In digital electronics, it corresponds to the NAND gate. It is named after Henry Maurice Sheffer and written as  or as  or as  or as  in Polish notation by Łukasiewicz (but not as ||, often used to represent disjunction).

Its dual is the NOR operator (also known as the Peirce arrow, Quine dagger or Webb operator). Like its dual, NAND can be used by itself, without any other logical operator, to constitute a logical formal system (making NAND functionally complete). This property makes the NAND gate crucial to modern digital electronics, including its use in computer processor design.

Functional completeness
In logic, a functionally complete set of logical connectives or Boolean operators is one that can be used to express all possible truth tables by combining members of the set into a Boolean expression. A well-known complete set of connectives is { AND, NOT }. Each of the singleton sets { NAND } and { NOR } is functionally complete. However, the set { AND, OR } is incomplete, due to its inability to express NOT.

A gate (or set of gates) that is functionally complete can also be called a universal gate (or a universal set of gates).

In a context of propositional logic, functionally complete sets of connectives are also called (expressively) adequate.

From the point of view of digital electronics, functional completeness means that every possible logic gate can be realized as a network of gates of the types prescribed by the set. In particular, all logic gates can be assembled from either only binary NAND gates, or only binary NOR gates.
Octal
Octal is a numeral system for representing a numeric value as base 8. Generally, an octal digit is represented as "0" to "7" with the same value as for decimal but with each place a power of 8. For example:

In decimal, each place is a power of ten. For example:

An octal digit can represent the value of a 3-digit binary number (starting from the right). For example, the binary representation for decimal 74 is 1001010. Two zeroes can be added at the left: (00)1 001 010, corresponding to the octal digits 1 1 2, yielding the octal representation 112.

Radix
In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl. radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

In any standard positional numeral system, a number is conventionally written as (x)y with x as the string of digits and y as its base.  For base ten, the subscript is usually assumed and omitted (together with the enclosing parentheses), as it is the most common way to express value. For example, (100)10 is equivalent to  100 (the decimal system is implied in the latter) and represents the number one hundred, while (100)2 (in the binary system with base 2) represents the number four.
The Fabulous 8-Track Sound of Superdrag
The Fabulous 8-Track Sound of Superdrag is a seven-song EP from Superdrag released by Darla Records in 1995.  This EP—Superdrag's first—demonstrated many of the stylistic traits typical of the band throughout its existence, including heavily distorted and often simple guitar work, bass guitar lines which convey the instrumental melody (as in "Really Thru" and "Load"), long periods where one or more instruments are either largely idle or absent ("Bloody Hell" and "Load"), and extensive use of vocal harmonies ("Sugar", "Really Thru", and "Load").

Superdrag
Superdrag is an American alternative rock band from Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. They had a hit single in 1996, "Sucked Out", from their album Regretfully Yours. The original lineup reunited in 2007, releasing a full-length album in 2009: Industry Giants. The same lineup reunited again in 2021 & 2025.
Siege of the International Legations
The Siege of the International Legations was a pivotal event during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, in which foreign diplomatic compounds in Peking (now Beijing) were besieged by Chinese Boxers and Qing Dynasty troops. The Boxers, fueled by anti-foreign and anti-Christian sentiments, targeted foreigners and Chinese Christians, causing approximately 900 soldiers, sailors, marines, and civilians from various nations, along with about 2,800 Chinese Christians, to seek refuge in the Legation Quarter. The Qing government, initially ambivalent, ultimately supported the Boxers following international military actions. The siege lasted 55 days, marked by intense combat and a brief truce, until an international relief force arrived from the coast, defeated the Qing forces, and lifted the siege. The failure of the siege and the subsequent occupation of Peking by foreign powers effectively ended the Boxer movement and increased foreign influence and intervention in China.

Boxer movement
The Boxers, officially known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (traditional Chinese: 義和拳; simplified Chinese: 义和拳; pinyin: Yìhéquán; Wade–Giles: I4-ho2-ch'üan2) among other names, were a Chinese secret society based in Northern China that carried out the Boxer Rebellion from 1899 to 1901.

The movement was made up of independent local village groups, many of which kept their membership secret, making the total number of participants difficult to estimate, but it may have included as many as 100,000. They originally attacked the Qing government, but soon called upon it to resist foreign influence.

In the summer of 1900, groups of Boxer fighters destroyed foreign owned property, such as railroads and telegraphs, and murdered Christian missionaries and Chinese Christians. They then supported the Empress Dowager in resisting the resulting foreign invasion, which all but destroyed the group and ended the Rebellion, though some members continued in other groups across China.
State Administration of Quality Management (North Korea)
The National Quality Management Commission, formerly the State Administration of Quality Management of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (SAQM) is the North Korean standards organization. It oversees standards and metrology, including application of both the metric system and traditional Korean units, in accordance with the 1993 Law on Metrology. It is located at 1 Inhung-Dong in Moranbong District, Pyongyang.

The commission operates under the Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Both are cabinet-level institutions. As of January 2020, the commission is led by Ri Chol-jin.

Korean units of measurement
Korean units of measurement, called cheokgwan-beop (Korean: 척관법; Hanja: 尺貫法) or cheokgeun-beop (척근법; 尺斤法) in Korean, is the traditional system of measurement used by the people of the Korean peninsula. It is largely based on the Chinese system, with influence from Japanese standards imposed following its annexation of the Korean Empire in 1910. Both North and South Korea currently employ the metric system. Since 2007, South Korea has criminalized the use of Korean units in commercial contexts, but informal use continues, especially of the pyeong as a measure of residential and commercial floorspace. North Korea continues to use the traditional units, although their standards are now derived from metric conversions.
Yun Wŏnhyŏng
Yun Wŏnhyŏng (Korean: 윤원형, 尹元衡; 1509 – November 18, 1565) was a Korean political figure of the Joseon period. He was the younger brother of Queen Munjeong, the 3rd wife of the 11th King Jungjong of Joseon and was the maternal uncle of the 13th King Myeongjong.

He was Chief State Councillor from 1563 to 1565. His courtesy name was Ŏnp'yŏng (언평; 彦平). In 1565, after the death of Queen Munjeong, both Yun and his wife, Jeong Nan-jeong, were exiled from the capital. Unable to make a political comeback, both committed suicide by poison.

Jungjong of Joseon
Jungjong (Korean: 중종; Hanja: 中宗; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok (이역; 李懌), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong (진성대군; 晉城大君), was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical Yeonsangun.
Bond University Rugby Club
The Bond University Rugby Club is an Australian rugby union football club that competes in the Queensland Premier Rugby competition. The club is based at the Bond University campus on  Queensland's Gold Coast.

Bond University entered into a partnership in 2013 with the Gold Coast Breakers team that had played in the Premier Rugby competition since 1997. After the Breakers disbanded following the 2013 season, a restructured club under the Bond University name was established for the 2014 season.

Bond University
Bond University is Australia's first private not-for-profit university and is located in Robina on the Gold Coast, Queensland. Since its opening on 15 May 1989, Bond University has primarily been a teaching-focused higher education institution featuring a trimester timetable.

Bond comprises four main university schools and academic faculties, through which it offers a range of accelerated undergraduate and postgraduate degrees and programs, diplomas, and non-award programs.
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (German: [ˈklɔpʃtɔk]; 2 July 1724 – 14 March 1803) was a German poet. His best known works are the epic poem Der Messias ("The Messiah") and the poem Die Auferstehung ("The Resurrection"), with the latter set to music in the finale of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2. One of his major contributions to German literature was to open it up to exploration outside of French models.

Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)
The Symphony No. 2 in C minor by Gustav Mahler, known as the Resurrection Symphony, was written between 1888 and 1894, and first performed in 1895. This symphony was one of Mahler's most popular and successful works during his lifetime. It was his first major work to establish his lifelong view of the beauty of afterlife and resurrection. In this large work, the composer further developed the creativity of "sound of the distance" and creating a "world of its own", aspects already seen in his First Symphony. The work has a duration of 80 to 90 minutes, and is conventionally labelled as being in the key of C minor; the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians labels the work's tonality as C minor–E♭ major. It was voted the fifth-greatest symphony of all time in a survey of conductors carried out by the BBC Music Magazine.
Juliane Elisabeth von Wallenstein
Juliane Elisabeth von Wallenstein née von Uffeln (1618-1692) was a Danish courtier, Overhofmesterinde to the queen of Denmark, Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, from 1677 to 1692.

She married the German chamberlain and nobleman Gottfried von Wallenstein in 1636.

She served as chief lady-in-waiting to Margravine Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg in 1667-69, and to queen Charlotte Amalie in 1677-92.  She is described as a confidante of the queen, who reportedly loved and trusted her.

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 – 27 March 1714) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian V. Although she did not have much political influence, she was a successful businesswoman in her many estates and protected foreign Protestant non-Lutherans from oppression. She gained popularity for defending Copenhagen from Swedish forces in 1700. The city of Charlotte Amalie was named after her in 1691.
Mika Aaltola
Mika Petteri Aaltola (born 2 May 1969) is a Finnish political scientist and a member of the European Parliament. He is a former director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. He has gained media attention since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which he follows and regularly comments on. Aaltola holds a doctorate in social sciences. He works as docent at Tampere University, and was a part-time professor at Tallinn University. He ran as an independent candidate for president of Finland in the 2024 presidential election.

He was elected as a member of the European Parliament in the 2024 European Parliament election. He represents the National Coalition Party, which is part of the European People's Party (EPP).

2024 Finnish presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Finland on 28 January 2024, with a second round held on 11 February. Voters elected a president of the Republic for a six-year term. Incumbent president Sauli Niinistö was term-limited and ineligible to run for re-election, having served the maximum two terms, ensuring that the president elected would be the country's thirteenth.

Had the new president been elected in the first round on 28 January by winning more than half of valid votes cast, their term would have begun on 1 February. However, as no candidate received a majority of votes, Alexander Stubb and Pekka Haavisto contested in a runoff on 11 February with Stubb winning 51.6% to Haavisto's 48.4%. The result in the second round was the closest in the history of presidential elections in Finland, followed by the 2000 presidential runoff. Stubb began his term as president on 1 March.
Cherkasy Arena
The Cherkasy Arena (Ukrainian: Черкаси Арена) is a multi-purpose stadium in Cherkasy, Ukraine. Until 2020 it was known as the Central Stadium, Cherkasy. It is currently used mostly for football matches, and was the home of FC Dnipro Cherkasy and now the home of FC Cherkaskyi Dnipro. The stadium holds 10,321 people.

The stadium is located near the city centre next to big city park known as "Sobornyi Park" (United Park). Located on vulytsia Smilianska, the city block where stadium is located at its corner has a monument to the 100th Anniversary of Football.

FC Cherkashchyna
FC Cherkashchyna (Ukrainian: ФК Черкащина) was a professional Ukrainian football club from the city of Cherkasy. The club's home ground was Central Stadium which was refurbished in 2003 and has a capacity of 10,321.

The club became the first that managed to reach semi-finals of the Ukrainian Cup in 2014, while playing in the Ukrainian Second League.

Established in 2010, the club was restructured in 2014. The club was dissolved in July 2018 and reformed as another new project based on its academy in Bilozirya.
Joshua Filler
Joshua Filler (born 2 October 1997) is a German professional pool player from Bönen, Germany. In 2018 Filler defeated Carlo Biado 13–10 to win the 2018 WPA World Nine-ball Championship. In 2017 he was the youngest player to win the China Open, and in 2018 he also won the 10-ball European Pool Championships. Filler became WPA and Euro Tour world number 1 in 2019, and later he reached the final of the 2019 WPA World Ten-ball Championship before losing 10–7 to Ko Ping-chung.

Filler has also represented Europe in the Mosconi Cup, winning the MVP award at the 2017, 2022 and 2023 events.

Mosconi Cup
The Mosconi Cup is an annual nine-ball pool tournament contested since 1994 between teams representing Europe and the United States. Named after American pool player Willie Mosconi, the event is comparable to the Ryder Cup in golf and the Weber Cup in bowling.

Team composition and formats have varied over the years. As of 2024, each team has five playing members. Each team also has a captain and vice captain, who may be among the players, or may be non-playing additional members of the team. The teams compete over one team match, several doubles matches and singles matches, with the first team to win 11 matches claiming victory.

On 3 December 2024, Team Europe beat Team USA 11–6, kept the title and took an overall series lead of 17–13, with one tie.
Jenjo people
The Jenjo, also known as Janjo, Jen, Dza, Gwomo, and Karenjo, are an ethnic group in Nigeria. They are mostly found in Karim Lamido, Jalingo and Ibi in Taraba State. The Jenjos speak the Jen language which is under the Bikwin–Jenan branch of the Adamawa languages. The population of the Jenjo people today is around 100,000 people.

Taraba State
TarabaListenⓘ  is a state in north-eastern Nigeria, named after the Taraba River, which traverses the southern part of the state. It is nicknamed "Nature's Gift to the Nation". The state capital is Jalingo. It is home to a diverse population including about 80 distinct ethnicities and their languages.
Daga (wrestler)
Miguel Ángel Olivo Castro (born June 19, 1988) is a Mexican professional wrestler better known by the ring name Daga. He is signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. He previously performed for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide, where he was a former AAA Latin American Champion and AAA World Cruiserweight Champion. He is best known for his time with Lucha Underground and Impact Wrestling.

AAA Latin American Championship
The AAA Latin American Championship (Campeonato Latinoamericano AAA in Spanish) is a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican lucha libre promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA), a subsidiary of the American promotion WWE. The championship is generally contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition.

El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr. is the current champion, who is in his first reign. He defeated El Mesías at Triplemanía XXXIII on August 16, 2025.