诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主列表
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主列表，是诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的得主列表。
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖于1901年首次颁发，得主是德国科学家埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林。每一位获奖者都会得到一块奖牌，一份获奖证书，以及一笔不菲的奖金，奖金的数额每年会有变化。例如，1901年，冯·贝林得到的奖金为150,782瑞典克朗，相当于2008年12月的7,731,004瑞典克朗；而2008年，哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森、弗朗索瓦丝·巴尔-西诺西和吕克·蒙塔尼分享了总数为一千万瑞典克朗的奖金（略多于100万欧元，或140万美元）。该奖于每年12月10日，即阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔逝世周年纪念日，以隆重的仪式在斯德哥尔摩颁发。
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主的研究领域分布相当广。截至2021年，有15名获奖者来自神经生物学领域，而有13名则在中间代谢研究中做出贡献。1939年的获奖者，德国人格哈德·多馬克，被其政府禁止领奖。虽然后来他得到了奖牌和获奖证书，却没有得到奖金。截至2022年，共有12位女性获得该奖项，人數僅次於17名的和平獎和14名的文學獎，是女性得主第三多的諾貝爾獎項，她们是格蒂·科里（1947年）、罗莎琳·萨斯曼·耶洛（1977年）、巴巴拉·麦克林托克（1983年）、丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼（1986年）、格特魯德·B·埃利恩（1988年）、克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德（1995年）、琳达·巴克（2004年）、弗朗索瓦丝·巴尔-西诺西（2008年）、伊丽莎白·布莱克本（2009年）、卡羅爾·格雷德（2009年）、邁-布里特·莫澤（2014年）和屠呦呦（2015年）。截至2021年，共有224人获得过诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。该奖有9年因故停发（1915－1918年、1921年、1925年、1940－1942年），，有5年延遲一年頒發（1914年、1922年、1926年、1938年、1943年）。
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged" "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system" "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases" "in recognition of their work on immunity" "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland" "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances" "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye" "[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs" "[for] his work on anaphylaxis" "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" "for his discoveries relating to immunity" "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle" "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram" "for his discovery of the "Spiroptera carcinoma"" "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica" "for his work on typhus" "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin" "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamin" "for his discovery of human blood groups" "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme" "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons" "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity" "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia" "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development" "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid" "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration" "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil" "for his discovery of vitamin K" "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K" "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres" "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar" "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods" "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs" "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses" "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
A. 这里的中文姓名是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页（nobelprize.org）提供英文名字的翻译，对于得奖者的原名或其他名字，可从该得奖者的条目中了解。华人或日本人姓名按中文和日文姓名习惯翻译。尽可能提供了每一位获奖者的照片；如果需要，可以到诺贝尔基金会的官方主页上查询每一位获奖者的照片。
B. 这里的国家信息是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页提供的信息列出，并不一定为得奖者真实的国籍或出生地。
C. 这里所引用的获奖理由是根据诺贝尔基金会的官方主页提供的英文原文翻译列出，英文原文被列于中文翻译之后以供查对。这一栏中的条目链接是与获奖者的获奖原因相关的研究领域与历史；这些链接这是作为指引和解释，需要了解每一位获奖者的具体工作，请由名字一栏中的链接到对应得奖者的条目中查看，或到诺贝尔基金会的官方主页中相关获奖者的页面中查看。