రెండవ బహదూర్ షా
Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal emperor and a member of the Timurid dynasty. He was the son of Akbar II and Lal Bai, a Hindu Rajput. He became the Mughal emperor when his father died on 28 September 1837. He used "Zafar," a part of his name, meaning “victory”, for his "nom de plume" ("takhallus") as an Urdu poet, and he wrote many Urdu ghazals under it. His authority was limited to the city of Delhi only. Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British tried and then exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma.
బహదూర్ షా తండ్రి రెండవ అక్బర్ బ్రిటిష్ పెన్షషనర్. 
Bahadur Shah's father, Akbar II was a British pensioner and Bahadur Shah was not his father’s preferred choice as his successor. One of Akbar Shah's queens, Mumtaz Begum, had been pressuring him to declare her son Mirza Jahangir as his successor. The East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident, Archibald Seton, in the Red Fort.
బహదూర్ షాహ్ జాఫర్ 
Bahadur Shah Zafar presided over a Mughal empire that barely extended beyond Delhi's Red Fort. The East India Company was the dominant political and military power in mid-nineteenth century India. Outside Company controlled India, hundreds of kingdoms and principalities, from the large to the small, fragmented the land. The emperor in Delhi was paid some respect by the Company and allowed a pension. The emperor held the authority to collect some taxes around the city of Delhi and to maintain a small military force in Delhi, but he posed no threat to any power in India. Bahadur Shah himself did not take an interest in statecraft or possess any imperial ambitions. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him from Delhi.
Bahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, and wrote a large number of Urdu "ghazals". While some part of his opus was lost or destroyed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, a large collection did survive, and was later compiled into the "Kulliyyat-i-Zafar." The court that he maintained was home to several Urdu writers of high standing, including Mirza Ghalib, Dagh, Mumin, and Zauq.
Even in defeat it is traditionally believed that he said
Emperor Bahadur Shah is seen in India as a freedom fighter (the mutiny soldiers made him their Commander-In-Chief), fighting for India's independence from the Company. As the last ruling member of the imperial Timurid Dynasty he was surprisingly composed and calm when Major Hodson presented decapitated heads of his own sons to him as Nowruz gifts.
బహదూర్‌షా జఫర్ ఒక సుఫీ భక్తుడు. జాఫర్ స్వయంగా సుఫీగా గౌరవించబడ్డాడు. విశ్వనీయమైన " ఢిల్లీ ఉర్దూ అక్బార్ " వార్తాపత్రిక ఆయనను ఆకాలానికి చెందిన ముఖ్యమైన సన్యాసులలో ఆయన ఒకరని వర్ణించింది. అది మతపరమైన న్యాసంస్థానం అంగీకారం పొందింది.
ఆయన పట్టాభిషేకానికి ముందు తన యవ్చనకాలంలో బీద పండితుడిలా కనిపించే వాడు. ఇది చక్కగా దుస్తులు ధరించే తనసోదరులలో (మిర్జా జహంగీర్, సలీం మరియు బాబర్) ఆయనకు ప్రత్యేకతగా చూపేది. 1828లో జఫర్ 53 వయసులో ఆయన సింగాసనానికి వారసుడుగా ప్రకటించబడ్డాడు. విలియం డాల్రింపుల్ ఆయన " పేద కరణం లేక ఉపాధ్యాయుడి కనిపించే వాడని " అభిప్రాయపడ్డాడు.
కవిగా మరియు సూఫీగా జాఫర్ లోతైన సుఫీ ఉపన్యాసలలోని సూక్ష్మాలను జీర్ణించుకున్నాడు. అదే సమయం ఆయనకు సూఫీయిజం అద్భుతాలను గురించిన 
సందేహాలు ఉండేవి. సార్వభౌమత్వం మరియు సూఫీపీర్‌గా ఆయన ఆధ్యాత్మికశక్తులు ఉన్న వ్యక్తిగా పరిగణించబడ్డాడు. . ఒక సారి 
ఆయన అనుయాయులలో ఒకరు పాముకాటుకు గురైయ్యారు. ఆయనను బాగుచేయడానికి జాఫర్ " పాము రాయి ముద్ర"ను మరియు ఆయన శ్వాసను వసిలిన జలాన్ని పంపి జలాన్ని పాముకాటుకు గురైన వ్యక్తితో త్రాగించనని పంపాడు.
చక్రభర్తికి తావీజు (తయత్తు) లేక్ రక్ష రేఖులు పట్ల బలీయమైన విశ్వాసం ఉండేది. ప్రత్యేకంగా తన మూలశంఖ మరియు అత్యంత బాధ వేదన కలిగించే వాపులకు వ్యాధికి తావీజు ఉపశాంతి నిచ్చేదని విశ్వసించే వాడు. . తాను వ్యాధితో బాధపడుతున్న సమయంలో సూఫీ పీర్లను పిలపించి వారితో తన భార్యలలో కొందరు తావీజు విధానాన్ని శంకిస్తున్నారని కనుక వ్యాధి నివారణకు మరేదైనా చేయమని కోరాడు. వారు చక్రవర్తికి సమాధానమిస్తూ మంత్రించిన జలాన్ని ఇచ్చి దానిని త్రాగి ఉపశాంతి పొందమని చెప్పారు. ఆయనను ఎప్పుడూ హిందూ జ్యోతిష్కులు, పీర్లు, మాంత్రీకులు కలుసుకుంటూ ఉండేవారు. వారి సలహా మీద ఆయన కొందరు చేతబడి చేసేవారిని ఖైదుచేయించాడు.అయన తరచుగా దున్నపోతులను, ఒంటెలను బలి ఇప్పించేవాడు. అలాగే గుడ్లను పూడ్చిపెట్టడం వంటి క్రతువులను చేసేవాడు. అదనంగా జ్యోతిష ఫలితాలను ఇచ్చే ఉంగరాలను ధరించేవాడు. కొంత మంది సలహాను అనుసరించి 
ఆయన పేదవారికి పశువులను దానం ఇచ్చేవాడు. సుఫీ మందిరాలకు ఏనుగులను మరియు ఖాదింలకు గుర్రాలను దానం చేసాడు. జాఫర్ ప్రత్యేకంగా హిందూయిజం మరియు ఇస్లాం మతసారం ఒకటేనని అభిప్రాయపడ్డాడు.
Closely woven into the history of the last remains of Mughal rule is the history of Zafar Mahal in Mehrauli, a locality in Delhi. Zafar Mahal was originally built by Akbar II, but it was his son, Bahadur Shah Zafar, who constructed the gateway to the palace in the mid-nineteenth century. Mehrauli was then a popular venue for hunting parties, picnics and jaunts far away from Delhi, and the dargah was an added attraction. The emperor visited often with his retinue – and stayed in royal style at Zafar Mahal. Another interesting feature of Zafar Mahal is that it literally spans centuries. A plastered dome near the gate is probably 15th century; other sections are relatively newer and show definite signs of Western influence. There is, for instance, a fireplace in one of the walls that stands near the Moti Masjid. And the staircase to the balcony is a wide one with low steps – unlike the steep, narrow staircases of most Indian Islamic architecture.
The balcony, with its 'jharokha’ windows, is where the emperor and his family could look out over the road. In Bahadur Shah’s time, the main Mehrauli-Gurgaon road passed in front of Zafar Mahal, and all passersby were expected to dismount as a sign of respect for the emperor. When the British refused to comply, Bahadur Shah solved the problem creatively – he bought the surrounding land and diverted the road so that it would pass well away from Zafar Mahal. The Phool Walon Ki Sair gradually turned into a major three day celebration during the time when Bahadur Shah Zafar, son and successor to Akbar Shah Saani, ruled from Delhi.
Zafar used to move his court to a building adjacent to the Shrine of Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and stayed at Mehrauli for a week during the celebrations. The building where he stayed during the period was originally built by his father and Zafar added an impressive gate and a Baaraadari to the structure and renamed it Zafar Mahal.
The celebrations spread out in different parts of Mehrauli. Jahaz Mahal, (a Lodhi period structure, that was once in the middle of the Hauz-e-Shamsi but is now at one end of the much depleted Hauz) became a center where Qawwali mehfils would be organised while the Jharna, built by Firoz Shah Tughlaq and later added to by Akbar Shah II, became a place where the women of the court relaxed.
As the Indian rebellion of 1857 spread, Sepoy regiments seized Delhi. Seeking a figure that could unite all Indians, Hindu and Muslim alike, most rebelling Indian kings and the Indian regiments accepted Zafar as the Emperor of India., under whom the smaller Indian kingdoms would unite until the British were defeated. Zafar was the least threatening and least ambitious of monarchs, and the legacy of the Mughal Empire was more acceptable a uniting force to most allied kings than the domination of any other Indian kingdom.
On 12 May, Bahadur Shah held his first formal audience for several years after defeating Pankaj Jagadale 
. It was attended by several excited sepoys who treated him familiarly or even disrespectfully. Although Bahadur Shah was dismayed by the looting and disorder, he gave his public support to the rebellion. On 16 May, sepoys and palace servants killed 52 Europeans who had been held prisoner within the palace or who had been discovered hiding in the city. The executions took place under a peepul tree in front of the palace, despite Bahadur Shah's protests. The avowed aim of the executioners was to implicate Bahadur Shah in the killings, making it impossible for him to seek any compromise with the British.
The administration of the city and its new occupying army was chaotic and troublesome, although it continued to function haphazardly. The Emperor nominated his eldest surviving son, Mirza Mughal, to be commander in chief of his forces, but Mirza Mughal had little military experience and was treated with little respect by the sepoys. Nor did the sepoys agree on any overall commander, with each regiment refusing to accept orders from any but their own officers. Although Mirza Mughal made efforts to put the civil administration in order, his writ extended no further than the city. Outside, Gujjar herders began levying their own tolls on traffic, and it became increasingly difficult to feed the city.
When the victory of the British became certain, Bahadur Shah took refuge at Humayun's Tomb, in an area that was then at the outskirts of Delhi, and hid there. Company forces led by Major William Hodson surrounded the tomb and compelled his surrender on 20 September 1857. The next day Hodson shot his sons Mirza Mughal and Mirza Khizr Sultan, and grandson Mirza Abu Bakr under his own authority at the Khooni Darwaza (the bloody gate) near Delhi Gate.
Many male members of his family were killed by Company forces, who imprisoned or exiled the surviving members of the Mughal dynasty. Bahadur Shah was tried on four counts, two of aiding rebels, one of treason, and being party to the murder of 49 people, and after a forty-day trial found guilty on all charges. Respecting Hodson's guarantee on his surrender, Bahadur Shah was not sentenced but exiled to Rangoon, Burma in 1858. He was accompanied into exile by his wife Zeenat Mahal and some of the remaining members of the family. His departure as Emperor marked the end of more than three centuries of Mughals reigning in India. He died at Yangon in 1862. He was buried near the Shwe Degon Pagoda at 6 Ziwaka Road, near the intersection with Shwe Degon Pagoda Rd, Yangon. The shrine of Bahadur Shah Zafar Dargah was built there after recovery of its tomb on 16 February 1991.
The occupying forces systematically plundered the Red Fort and stole anything what was deemed of value. Many objects, jewels, books and other important cultural items were taken away and can be found in various museums in Britain. The Crown of Bahadur Shah II, for example, is now a part of the Royal Collection in London.
Bahadur Shah Zafar is known to have had four wives. His wives were:
అతని చట్టబద్ధమైన కుమారులు :
There are believed to be many descendants of Bahadur Shah Zafar still living in the United States, Burma, India and Pakistan, often in poverty. Reportedly, 200 descendants have been traced in Aurangabad and 70 in Calcutta.
1862లో తన 87వ సంవత్సరంలో ఆయన బలహీన పడ్డాడు. 1862 ఆయన ఆరోగ్యస్థితి క్షీణదశకు చేరుకుంది. బ్రిటిష్ కమీషనర్ హె.ఎన్. డేవిస్ " జాఫర్ జివితం అస్థిరంగా గడిచింది " అని వ్యాఖ్యానించాడు. తరువాత ఆయన నవంబర్ 3 వరకు పడకలో ఉన్నాడు.. డేవిస్ 6న ఆయనకు గొంతు పక్షవాతం వచ్చింది. తరువాత చక్రవర్తి అంతిమ క్రొయలకు సన్నాహాలు ఆరంభించారు. జాఫర్ ఆవరణంలో ఆయనను సమాధిచేయడానికి సన్నాహాలు చేయబడ్డాయి. 1862 నవంబర్ 7 శుక్రవారం ఉదయం 5 గంటలకు 
చివరి మొఘల్ చక్రవర్తి జాఫర్ తుదిశ్వాశను వదిలాడు. అదేరోజు సాయంకాలం 4 గంటలకు జాఫర్ భౌతికకాయం సమాధి చేయబడింది.
He was an accomplished Urdu poet and calligrapher.
While he was denied paper and pen in captivity,
he was known to have written on the walls of his room with a burnt stick.
He wrote the following Ghazal (Video search) as his own epitaph.
In his book, "The Last Mughal", William Dalrymple states that,
according to Lahore scholar Imran Khan,
the verse beginning "umr-e-darāz māńg ke" ("I asked for a long life") is probably not by Zafar,
and does not appear in any of the works published during Zafar's lifetime.
The verse appears to be by Simab Akbarabadi.
Zafar is featured in the play "1857: Ek Safarnama" set during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by Javed Siddiqui, which was staged at Purana Qila, Delhi ramparts by Nadira Babbar and the National School of Drama Repertory company, in 2008.
A Hindi/Urdu black and white movie called "Lal Quila" (1960), directed by Nanabhai Bhatt, featured Bahadur Shah Zafar extensively.