南部アメリカ英語
南部アメリカ英語（なんぶアメリカえいご、）はアメリカ合衆国南部地方の、南北はヴァージニア州・ウェストヴァージニア州・ケンタッキー州からメキシコ湾岸まで、東西は大西洋岸からテキサス州の大部分にかけての地方で話される英語の方言。アメリカ合衆国の中で最大の方言グループをなしている。地域ごとに方言が異なるため、南部アメリカ英語はより細分化することができる（アメリカ英語を参照）。南部地方は歴史的にアフリカ系アメリカ人とのつながりが強いため、黒人英語と類似する点を持つ。
南部アメリカ英語方言はニューヨーク・ニュージャージー方言など他のアメリカ英語方言と同様に偏見を持たれることがしばしばある。そのため南部アメリカ英語話者は「ニュートラルに聞こえる英語」（標準アメリカ英語）を好み、南部方言に標準アメリカ英語を混淆させたり自分たちの言葉から南部独特の特徴をなくそうとしたりする。しかしこうしたことは語彙よりもむしろ音声体系において南部アメリカ英語に変化を引き起こしている。
南部アメリカ方言の範囲はアメリカ連合国（南北戦争中に合衆国と対立して分離した地域）の領域と南部諸州に隣接する地域を含む。
南部アメリカ方言は概ね17世紀と18世紀にブリテン諸島からやってきた移民に始まる。南部には主にイングランド南西部からの移民が住み着いた（イングランド南西部の方言は南部アメリカ方言に類似する）。その中には多くの数のアルスターやスコットランドからのプロテスタント教徒も含んでいた。
いくつかの形態の南部アメリカ方言は主にアラバマ州、ジョージア州、フロリダ州の一部、テネシー州、メリーランド州の一部、ミシシッピ州、ルイジアナ州、アーカンソー州、テキサス州、オクラホマ州、ヴァージニア州の大部分、ノースカロライナ州、サウスカロライナ州、ケンタッキー州、ウェストヴァージニア州、ミズーリ州の南東端と中南部（オザーク高原）で見受けられる。
南部以外でも、カンザス州やニューメキシコ州、コロラド州、アリゾナ州、モンタナ州、カリフォルニアのサンワーキンヴァレーのように、歴史的な南部人の移住から、南部方言といってふさわしい、あるいは南部の影響を濃厚に受けた方言が広く使われる土地もある。また、オハイオ州の南部地方の大部分やインディアナ州、イリノイ州（南部人や南部アパラチア人が住み着いた地域）の言語様式も南部アメリカ英語の影響が内陸北部アメリカ英語のそれよりも顕著である。
南部アメリカ方言はアラスカ州の石油産業に関連した地域でも一般的である。これは、20世紀後半にアラスカで石油産業とパイプラインの開発が集中し、高賃金と一攫千金を求めてメキシコ湾岸やオクラホマの石油労働者が大量に移り、長期間滞在したためである。
全体として、南部アメリカ英語の発音を一つにまとめることはほとんど不可能であり、地域間・世代間で大きな差異がある（詳しくは後述の南部アメリカ英語の方言差異を参照）。世界恐慌やダストボウル、第二次世界大戦といった社会変動で合衆国中を人々が大移動したことも差異の要因となっている。
ここで述べる特徴は旧来の南部アメリカ英語の特色であり、若い世代の会話ではこのような特徴が表れることは少ない。
ここで述べる現象は、近来の南部アメリカ英語で比較的広く普及しているものである。ただし普及の程度は地方間や田舎・都市間で異なることがあるほか、年配の話者ではこのような特徴が表れることは少ない。ここで述べる特徴は南部アメリカ英語新旧共通のものである。
ある意味、「南部」という一つの方言は存在しない。その代わりに、アメリカ合衆国南部を広く見渡すとたくさんの地域方言が存在する。多様な「南部」方言が存在するけれども、より隔たりが大きいアメリカ英語とイギリス英語でもそうであるように、南部の諸方言は全て相互理解が可能である。
The Virginia Piedmont dialect is possibly the most famous of Southern dialects because of its strong influence on the South's speech patterns. Because the dialect has long been associated with the upper or aristocratic plantation class in the Old South, many of the most important figures in Southern history spoke with a Virginia Piedmont accent. Virginia Piedmont is non-rhotic, meaning speakers pronounce "R" only if it is followed by a vowel (contrary to New York City English, wherein non-rhotic accent is now mostly used by middle- and lower-class speakers). The dialect also features the " Southern drawl" (mentioned above).
Coastal Southern resembles Virginia Piedmont but has preserved more elements from the colonial era dialect than almost any other region of the United States. It can be found along the coasts of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia. It is most prevalent in the Charleston, South Carolina area. In addition, like Virginia Piedmont, Coastal Southern is non-rhotic.
This dialect arose in the inland areas of the South. It shares many of the characteristics of dialects of the Appalachians and Ozark Mountains. The area was settled largely by Scots-Irish, Scottish Highlanders, Northern and Western English, Welsh, and Germans.
This dialect follows the Ohio River in a generally southwesterly direction, moves from Kentucky, across Missouri and Oklahoma, and peters out in western Texas. It has assimilated some coastal Southern forms, most noticeably the loss of the diphthong /aj/, which becomes , and the second person plural pronoun "you-all" or "y'all". Unlike Coastal Southern, however, South Midland is a rhotic dialect, pronouncing /r/ wherever it has historically occurred.
Due to the isolation of the Appalachian regions of the South, the Appalachian accent is one of the hardest for outsiders to understand. This dialect is also rhotic, meaning speakers pronounce "R"s wherever they appear in words, and sometimes when they do not (for example "worsh" for "wash.")
The Southern Appalachian dialect is, among all the dialects of American English, the one most closely related to the Scottish dialect of English (see also Scots language and Ulster Scots language). The dialect can be heard, as its name implies, in North Georgia, North Alabama, East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, Western North Carolina, Eastern Kentucky, Southwestern Virginia, and West Virginia. Southern Appalachian speech patterns, however, are not entirely confined to these mountain regions previously listed. For instance, there are places in Georgia far from the mountains where among the white population, the manner of speech is indiscernable from the speech spoken in the North Georgia mountains — for instance Glascock County and Jefferson County in the east central part of the state.
The common thread in the areas of the South where a rhotic version of the dialect is heard is almost invariably a traceable line of descent from Scots or Scots-Irish ancestors amongst its speakers. The dialect is also not devoid of early influence from Welsh settlers, the dialect retaining the Welsh English tendency to pronounce words beginning with the letter "h" as though the "h" were silent; for instance "humble" often is rendered "umble".
A popular myth claims that this dialect closely resembles Early Modern or Shakespearean English.  Although this dialect retains many words from the Elizabethan era that are no longer in common usage, this myth is largely apochryphal.
This dialect developed in the heart of the Ozark Mountains in southern Missouri and northwest Arkansas. It is similar to Appalachian dialects but also has some Midwestern influences. This dialect is riddled with colorful expressions, and is frequently lampooned in popular culture, such as the television comedy "The Beverly Hillbillies."
The dialect is derived from the South Midland dialect, and found throughout several regions of Florida and in south Georgia. There are several different variations of the dialect found in Florida. From Pensacola to Tallahassee the dialect is non-rhotic and shares many characteristics with the speech patterns of southern Alabama. Another form of the dialect is spoken in northeast Florida, Central Florida, and the Nature Coast. This dialect was made famous by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings' book the Yearling.
The dialect also has some distinct words to it. Some speakers may call a river turtle a "cooter", a land tortoise a "gopher", a bass a "trout", and a crappie fish a "speck".
This area of the South was settled by English speakers moving west from Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas, along with French settlers from Louisiana (see the section below). This accent is common in Mississippi, northern Louisiana, southern and eastern Arkansas, western Tennessee, and parts of East Texas. Familiar speakers include Johnny Cash and Elvis Presley. A dialect found in Georgia and Alabama has some characteristics of both the Gulf Southern dialect and the Virginia Piedmont/Coastal Southern dialect.
Louisiana, southeast Texas ( Houston to Beaumont ), and coastal Mississippi, feature a number of dialects. There is Cajun French, which combines elements of Acadian French with other French and Spanish words. This dialect is spoken by many of the older members of the Cajun ethnic group and is said to be dying out. Many younger Cajuns speak Cajun English, which retains Acadian French influences and words, such as "cher" (dear) or "nonc" (uncle). The French language can also still be heard in Louisiana, along with different mixtures of all of these dialects and languages.
Louisiana Creole French ("Kreyol Lwiziyen") is a French-based creole language spoken in Louisiana. It has many resemblances to other French creoles in the Caribbean. While Cajun French and Louisiana Creole have had a significant influence on each other, they are unrelated. While Cajun is basically a French dialect with grammar similar to standard French, Louisiana Creole applies a French lexicon to a system of grammar and syntax which is quite different from French grammar.
In and around New Orleans, you can hear an accent similar to that of New York City. It is referred to as Yat, from the phrases such as "Where y'at?" for "How are you?"
The following dialects were influenced by African languages.Sometimes called Geechee, this creole language originated with African American slaves on the coastal areas and coastal islands of Georgia and South Carolina. The dialect was used to communicate with both Europeans and members of African tribes other than their own. Gullah was strongly influenced by West African languages such as Vai, Mende, Twi, Ewe, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Kikongo. The name and chorus of the Christian hymn "Kumbaya" is said to be Gullah for "come by here". Other English words attributed to Gullah are "juke" (jukebox), "goober" (Southern term for peanut) and "voodoo". In a 1930s study by Lorenzo Dow Turner, over 4,000 words from many different African languages were discovered in Gullah. Other words, such as "yez" for "ears", are just phonetic spellings of English words as pronounced by the Gullahs, on the basis of influence from Southern & Western English dialects.This type of Southern American English originated in the Southern States where Africans at that time were held as slaves. These slaves originally spoke indigenous African languages but were forced to speak English to communicate with their masters and each other. Since the slave masters spoke Southern American English, the English the slaves learned, which has developed into what is now African American Vernacular English, had many SAE features. While the African slaves and their descendants lost most of their language and culture, various vocabulary and grammatical features from indigenous West African languages remain in AAVE. While AAVE may also be spoken by members of other ethnic groups, it is largely spoken by and associated with blacks in many parts of the U.S. AAVE is considered by a number of English speakers to be a substandard dialect. As a result, AAVE speakers desiring social mobility typically learn to code-switch between AAVE and a more standardized English dialect. Liberian English is said to be at least partially based on AAVE, since that this type of English dialect was modeled after American English and not British English.