ケムニッツ
ケムニッツ (Chemnitz, ) は、ドイツ連邦共和国・ザクセン州の都市で独立市である。2008年までは旧ケムニッツ行政管区に属していた。人口は約/10000 round 0万人。
旧東ドイツ（1953年 - 1990年）時代には、カール＝マルクス＝シュタット (Karl-Marx-Stadt) と称されたが、「ベルリンの壁崩壊」以降は旧称の「ケムニッツ」に戻された。
ケムニッツというめずらしい言葉は、近くの都市ツヴィッカウを流れて最終的にはエルベ川へそそぐツヴィカウア・ムルデ川（）を原住民のソルブ語で「石が多い（小川）」を意味するカミェニカ（Kamjenika）と呼ぶことから来ており、スラブ語系では「」は「石」で、「-ika」は女性形接尾詞である。
エルツ山地の山麓辺りに位置し、これを越えるとチェコ領に達する。近隣の都市としては、約70キロ北西にライプツィヒ、30キロ南西にツヴィッカウがある。昔はドイツの楽器産業の中心地の一つで、ケムニッツァ・コンサーティーナやバンドネオンの発明とも縁の深い都市である。
12世紀、神聖ローマ皇帝ロタール3世の時代に建てられた。17世紀の三十年戦争で壊滅的な打撃を受けるが、その後復興した。19世紀以降、ドイツで産業革命が進展する中、工業都市として発展した。
第二次世界大戦後、1953年に東ドイツ政府が街を「カール＝マルクス＝シュタット」と改称し（「カール・マルクス都市」の意。ただしマルクスとケムニッツは直接関係がない）、カール＝マルクス＝シュタット県の県都となった。
1991年のドイツ再統一後、再び街の名称はケムニッツに戻された。
offers a variety of theatre: opera, plays, ballet and Figuren (puppets), and runs concerts by the orchestra Robert-Schumann-Philharmonie.
Tourist sights include the Kassberg neighborhood with 18th and 19th century buildings and the by , nicknamed (a word for head) by the locals. Landmarks include the Old Town Hall with its Renaissance portal (15th century), the castle on the site of the former monastery, and the area around the and the old university. The most conspicuous landmark is the red tower built in the late 12th or early 13th century as part of the (city wall).
The is located in the courtyard of . It is one of the very few in existence, and dates back several million years. Also within the city limits, in the district of Rabenstein, is the smallest castle in Saxony, .
The city has changed considerably since German reunification. Most of its industry is now gone and the core of the city has been rebuilt with many shops as well as huge shopping centres. Many of these shops are international brands, including , H&M, Esprit, Galeria Kaufhof, Leiser Shoes, and Peek & Cloppenburg. The large Galerie Roter Turm (Red Tower) shopping centre is very popular with young people.
The Chemnitz Industrial Museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the . The State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz opened in 2014 and is located in the former .
The , formerly a bank, opened on 1 December 2007. , who lived in Munich, had a collection of some 2,500 pieces of , including many paintings and drawings by , and others. The is a municipal , and the is a non-profit garden specializing in and s.
Heavy destruction in World War II as well as post-war demolition to erect a truly socialist city centre left the city with a vast open space around its where once a vibrant city heart had been. Because of massive investment in out-of-town shopping right after reunification, it was not until 1999 that major building activity was started in the centre. Comparable to in Berlin, a whole new quarter of the city was constructed in recent years. New buildings include the by , . The is situated in the northwestern area of the city. The motorway A72 between and is still under construction. Within the administrative area of Chemnitz there are eight motorway exits ().
Public transport within Chemnitz is provided with tram and bus, as well as by the (Stadtbahn). Nowadays, the city and its surroundings are served by one line, five lines of the , 27 city bus lines, as well as several regional bus lines. At night, the city is served by two bus lines, two tram lines, and the line.
The length of the tram, and bus networks is , and respectively. In August 2012, electro-diesel trams were ordered from , to support an expansion of the light rail network to , with new routes serving , and (Hainichen).
Near Chemnitz there are three airports, including the two s of Saxony in Dresden and Leipzig. Both and are situated about from Chemnitz and offer numerous continental as well as intercontinental flights.
Chemnitz also has a small commercial airport ( about south of the city. When its current upgrade is completed it will have an asphalt runway long and wide.