ロイ・ブキャナン
ロイ・ブキャナン (Roy Buchanan, 1939年9月23日 - 1988年8月14日) は、アメリカ合衆国のギタリスト、ブルースミュージシャン。 テレキャスターサウンドのパイオニアである。ブキャナンは他のアーティストのサイドマンとして活動すると共に、ソロアーティストとしても活動し、その経歴の初期においては2枚のゴールドアルバムを獲得している。また、後期にはアルバムをビルボードにチャートインさせている。スターダムにのし上がることは無かったが、現在でも非常に影響力を持ったギタリストとして見なされている。ギター・プレイヤー誌は彼を「50 Greatest Tones of all Time」の一人に選出している。彼はPBSの音楽番組「Austin City Limits」のシーズン2に1977年に出演している。
Leroy Buchanan was born in Ozark, Arkansas, and was raised there and in Pixley, California, a farming area near Bakersfield. His father was a sharecropper in Arkansas and a farm laborer in California. Buchanan told interviewers that his father was also a Pentecostal preacher, a note repeated in "Guitar Player" magazine but disputed by his older brother J.D. Buchanan told how his first musical memories were of racially mixed revival meetings he attended with his mother Minnie. "Gospel," he recalled, "that's how I first got into black music." He in fact drew upon many disparate influences while learning to play his instrument (though he later claimed his aptitude derived from being "half-wolf"). He initially showed talent on steel guitar before switching to guitar in the early 50s, and started his professional career at age 15, in Johnny Otis's rhythm and blues revue.
In 1958, Buchanan made his recording debut with Dale Hawkins, including playing the solo on "My Babe" for Chicago's Chess Records. Two years later, during a tour through Toronto, Buchanan left Dale Hawkins to play for his cousin Ronnie Hawkins and tutor Ronnie's guitar player, Robbie Robertson. Buchanan plays bass on the Ronnie Hawkins single, "Who Do You Love?". Buchanan soon returned to the U.S. and Ronnie Hawkins' group later gained fame as The Band.
In the early 1960s, Buchanan performed numerous gigs as a sideman with various rock bands, and played guitar in a number of sessions with Freddy Cannon, Merle Kilgore and others. At the end of the 1960s, with a growing family, Buchanan left the music industry for a while to learn a trade and trained as a hairdresser (barber). In the early '70s, Roy Buchanan performed extensively in the Washington D.C.-Maryland-Virginia area with the Danny Denver Band, which had a large following in the area. He was widely appreciated as a solo act in the DC area at this time.
In 1961 he released "Mule Train Stomp", his first single for Swan, featuring rich guitar tones. Buchanan's 1962 recording with drummer Bobby Gregg, nicknamed "Potato Peeler," first introduced the trademark Buchanan "pinch" harmonic. An effort to cash in on the British Invasion caught Buchanan with the British Walkers. In the mid-1960s, Buchanan settled down in the Washington, D.C. area, playing for Danny Denver's band for many years while acquiring a reputation as "...one of the very finest rock guitarists around. Jimi Hendrix would not take up the challenge of a 'pick-off' with Roy." The facts behind that claim are that in March 1968 a photographer friend, John Gossage gave Buchanan tickets to a concert by the Jimi Hendrix Experience at the Washington Hilton. "Buchanan was dismayed to find his own trademark sounds, like the wah-wah that he'd painstakingly produced with his hands and his Telecaster, created by electronic pedals. He could never attempt Hendrix's stage show, and this realization refocused him on his own quintessentially American roots-style guitar picking."
Gossage recalls how Roy was very impressed by the Hendrix 1967 debut album "Are You Experienced?", which was why he made sure to give Roy a ticket to the early show at the Hilton. Gossage went backstage to take photos and tried to convince Jimi to go and see Roy at the Silver Dollar that night after the show, but Jimi seemed more interested in hanging out with the young lady who was backstage with him. Gossage confirms Hendrix never showed up at the Silver Dollar, but he did talk to Roy about seeing the Hilton show. That same night (as the Hilton show) Roy did several Hendrix numbers and "from that point on, had nothing but good things to say about Hendrix". He later released recordings of the Hendrix composition "If 6 Was 9" and the Hendrix hit "Hey Joe" (written by Billy Roberts).
Buchanan's life changed in 1971, when he gained national notice as the result of an hour-long PBS television documentary. Entitled "Introducing Roy Buchanan," and sometimes mistakenly called "The Best Unknown Guitarist in the World", it earned a record deal with Polydor Records and praise from John Lennon and Merle Haggard, besides an alleged invitation to join the Rolling Stones which he turned down and which gave him the nickname "the man who tumbled the stones down". In 1977, he appeared on the PBS music program "Austin City Limits" during Season 2. He recorded five albums for Polydor, one of which, "Second Album", went gold, and after that another three for Atlantic Records, one of which, 1977's "Loading Zone", also went gold. Buchanan quit recording in 1981, vowing never to enter a studio again unless he could record his own music his own way. Four years later, Alligator Records coaxed Buchanan back into the studio. His first album for Alligator, "When a Guitar Plays the Blues", was released in the spring of 1985. It was the first time he had total artistic freedom in the studio. His second Alligator LP, "Dancing on the Edge" (with vocals on three tracks by Delbert McClinton), was released in the fall of 1986. He released the twelfth and last album of his career, "Hot Wires", in 1987.
彼の代理人やその他によると、ブキャナンは家庭のいざこざが原因で公共の場で酩酊したことで逮捕された。1988年8月14日、彼は拘留されていたバージニア州フェアファックス郡の刑務所の房内で自らのシャツで首を吊って死亡している姿が発見された。ブキャナンの近くの房に収容されていたジェリー・ヘントマンによると、朝早くに副保安官が房のドアを開け、首の周りにシャツを引っかけたブキャナンを発見したという。ブキャナンの最後となったライヴは1988年8月7日のコネチカット州ギルフォードのギルフォード・フェアグラウンドでのステージであった。ブキャナンの死因は自殺として公式に記録された。遺体の発見についてはブキャナンの友人と家族によって議論があった。友人の一人、マーク・フィッシャーは、ロイの遺体は頭にあざがあった伝えている。
彼の死後もコンピレーションやその他のアルバムが引き続いてリリースされている。その中には2004年の、ポリドールのために録音しリリースされていなかったファーストアルバム「"The Prophet"」も含まれる。