أيزو 3166-1 حرفي-2
أيزو 3166-1 حرفي-2 هو ترميز من حرفين للبلدان في قائمة الدول حسب المعيار الدولي أيزو 3166-1، وهي جزء من أيزو 3166 التي نشرتها المنظمة الدولية للمعايير (ISO)، لتمثيل بلد ما والمناطق التابعه له. تمنح هذه المجموعة رموز مكونة من حرفين، وهي مجموعة الرموز الأكثر انتشاراً من المجموعات الثلاث وتستخدم بشكل بارز في الإنترنت والنطاق الأعلى في ترميز الدولة (مع استثناءات قليلية). أدرجت لأول مرة كجزء من معيار أيزو 3166 في طبعتها الأولى في عام 1974.
يتم استخدام رموز "أيزو 3166-1 حرفي-2" في بيئات مختلفة وهي أيضا جزء من المعايير الأخرى. في بعض الحالات لا يتم تنفيذها تماما فيها.
يتم استخدام آيزو 3166-1 حرفي 2 رموز في المعايير التالية:
The following is a colour-coded decoding table of all ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes.
"Click on the cell to see the definition of each code."
وفيما يلي قائمة كاملة من لعدد 263 من الرموز المخصصة رسمياً أيزو 3166-1 حرفي-2، مع الأعمدة التالية:User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ. For example:
Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. The reserved alpha-2 codes can be divided into the following four categories: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use.
Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:
Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:
The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:
For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in قائمة الدول حسب المعيار الدولي أيزو 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.
Indeterminately reserved code elements are codes used to designate road vehicles under the 1949 and اتفاقية فيينا بشأن حركة المرور على الطرق but differing from those contained in ISO 3166-1. These code elements are expected eventually to be either eliminated or replaced by code elements within ISO 3166-1. In the meantime, the ISO 3166/MA has reserved such code elements for an indeterminate period. Any use beyond the application of the two Conventions is discouraged and will not be approved by the ISO 3166/MA. Moreover, these codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA at any time. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:
In addition, the ISO 3166/MA will not use the following alpha-2 codes at the present stage, as they are used for international intellectual property organizations in المنظمة العالمية للملكية الفكرية Standard ST.3:
WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses EA, instead of EV, to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization. However, EA was already exceptionally reserved by the ISO 3166/MA to represent سبتة and مليلية for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that EV be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.