185 (1) Subject to subsection (3) and to sections 186 and 248, if a corporation resolves to, (a)  amend its articles under section 168 to add, remove or change restrictions on the issue, transfer or ownership of shares of a class or series of the shares of the corporation; (b)  amend its articles under section 168 to add, remove or change any restriction upon the business or businesses that the corporation may carry on or upon the powers that the corporation may exercise; (c)  amalgamate with another corporation under sections 175 and 176; (d)  be continued under the laws of another jurisdiction under section 181; (d.1)  be continued under the Co-operative Corporations Act under section 181.1; (d.2)  be continued under the Not-for-Profit Corporations Act, 2010 under section 181.2; or (e)  sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all its property under subsection 184 (3), a holder of shares of any class or series entitled to vote on the resolution may dissent.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (1); 2017, c. 20, Sched. 6, s. 24. Idem (2) If a corporation resolves to amend its articles in a manner referred to in subsection 170 (1), a holder of shares of any class or series entitled to vote on the amendment under section 168 or 170 may dissent, except in respect of an amendment referred to in, (a)  clause 170 (1) (a), (b) or (e) where the articles provide that the holders of shares of such class or series are not entitled to dissent; or (b)  subsection 170 (5) or (6).  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (2). One class of shares (2.1) The right to dissent described in subsection (2) applies even if there is only one class of shares.  2006, c. 34, Sched. B, s. 35. Exception (3) A shareholder of a corporation incorporated before the 29th day of July, 1983 is not entitled to dissent under this section in respect of an amendment of the articles of the corporation to the extent that the amendment, (a)  amends the express terms of any provision of the articles of the corporation to conform to the terms of the provision as deemed to be amended by section 277; or (b)  deletes from the articles of the corporation all of the objects of the corporation set out in its articles, provided that the deletion is made by the 29th day of July, 1986.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (3). Shareholder’s right to be paid fair value (4) In addition to any other right the shareholder may have, but subject to subsection (30), a shareholder who complies with this section is entitled, when the action approved by the resolution from which the shareholder dissents becomes effective, to be paid by the corporation the fair value of the shares held by the shareholder in respect of which the shareholder dissents, determined as of the close of business on the day before the resolution was adopted.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (4). No partial dissent (5) A dissenting shareholder may only claim under this section with respect to all the shares of a class held by the dissenting shareholder on behalf of any one beneficial owner and registered in the name of the dissenting shareholder.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (5). Objection (6) A dissenting shareholder shall send to the corporation, at or before any meeting of shareholders at which a resolution referred to in subsection (1) or (2) is to be voted on, a written objection to the resolution, unless the corporation did not give notice to the shareholder of the purpose of the meeting or of the shareholder’s right to dissent.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (6). Idem (7) The execution or exercise of a proxy does not constitute a written objection for purposes of subsection (6).  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (7). Notice of adoption of resolution (8) The corporation shall, within ten days after the shareholders adopt the resolution, send to each shareholder who has filed the objection referred to in subsection (6) notice that the resolution has been adopted, but such notice is not required to be sent to any shareholder who voted for the resolution or who has withdrawn the objection.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (8). Idem (9) A notice sent under subsection (8) shall set out the rights of the dissenting shareholder and the procedures to be followed to exercise those rights.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (9). Demand for payment of fair value (10) A dissenting shareholder entitled to receive notice under subsection (8) shall, within twenty days after receiving such notice, or, if the shareholder does not receive such notice, within twenty days after learning that the resolution has been adopted, send to the corporation a written notice containing, (a)  the shareholder’s name and address; (b)  the number and class of shares in respect of which the shareholder dissents; and (c)  a demand for payment of the fair value of such shares.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (10). Certificates to be sent in (11) Not later than the thirtieth day after the sending of a notice under subsection (10), a dissenting shareholder shall send the certificates, if any, representing the shares in respect of which the shareholder dissents to the corporation or its transfer agent.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (11); 2011, c. 1, Sched. 2, s. 1 (9). Idem (12) A dissenting shareholder who fails to comply with subsections (6), (10) and (11) has no right to make a claim under this section.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (12). Endorsement on certificate (13) A corporation or its transfer agent shall endorse on any share certificate received under subsection (11) a notice that the holder is a dissenting shareholder under this section and shall return forthwith the share certificates to the dissenting shareholder.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (13). Rights of dissenting shareholder (14) On sending a notice under subsection (10), a dissenting shareholder ceases to have any rights as a shareholder other than the right to be paid the fair value of the shares as determined under this section except where, (a)  the dissenting shareholder withdraws notice before the corporation makes an offer under subsection (15); (b)  the corporation fails to make an offer in accordance with subsection (15) and the dissenting shareholder withdraws notice; or (c)  the directors revoke a resolution to amend the articles under subsection 168 (3), terminate an amalgamation agreement under subsection 176 (5) or an application for continuance under subsection 181 (5), or abandon a sale, lease or exchange under subsection 184 (8), in which case the dissenting shareholder’s rights are reinstated as of the date the dissenting shareholder sent the notice referred to in subsection (10).  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (14); 2011, c. 1, Sched. 2, s. 1 (10). Same (14.1) A dissenting shareholder whose rights are reinstated under subsection (14) is entitled, upon presentation and surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of any share certificate that has been endorsed in accordance with subsection (13), (a)  to be issued, without payment of any fee, a new certificate representing the same number, class and series of shares as the certificate so surrendered; or (b)  if a resolution is passed by the directors under subsection 54 (2) with respect to that class and series of shares, (i)  to be issued the same number, class and series of uncertificated shares as represented by the certificate so surrendered, and (ii)  to be sent the notice referred to in subsection 54 (3).  2011, c. 1, Sched. 2, s. 1 (11). Same (14.2) A dissenting shareholder whose rights are reinstated under subsection (14) and who held uncertificated shares at the time of sending a notice to the corporation under subsection (10) is entitled, (a)  to be issued the same number, class and series of uncertificated shares as those held by the dissenting shareholder at the time of sending the notice under subsection (10); and (b)  to be sent the notice referred to in subsection 54 (3).  2011, c. 1, Sched. 2, s. 1 (11). Offer to pay (15) A corporation shall, not later than seven days after the later of the day on which the action approved by the resolution is effective or the day the corporation received the notice referred to in subsection (10), send to each dissenting shareholder who has sent such notice, (a)  a written offer to pay for the dissenting shareholder’s shares in an amount considered by the directors of the corporation to be the fair value thereof, accompanied by a statement showing how the fair value was determined; or (b)  if subsection (30) applies, a notification that it is unable lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for their shares.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (15). Idem (16) Every offer made under subsection (15) for shares of the same class or series shall be on the same terms.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (16). Idem (17) Subject to subsection (30), a corporation shall pay for the shares of a dissenting shareholder within ten days after an offer made under subsection (15) has been accepted, but any such offer lapses if the corporation does not receive an acceptance thereof within thirty days after the offer has been made.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (17). Application to court to fix fair value (18) Where a corporation fails to make an offer under subsection (15) or if a dissenting shareholder fails to accept an offer, the corporation may, within fifty days after the action approved by the resolution is effective or within such further period as the court may allow, apply to the court to fix a fair value for the shares of any dissenting shareholder.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (18). Idem (19) If a corporation fails to apply to the court under subsection (18), a dissenting shareholder may apply to the court for the same purpose within a further period of twenty days or within such further period as the court may allow.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (19). Idem (20) A dissenting shareholder is not required to give security for costs in an application made under subsection (18) or (19).  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (20). Costs (21) If a corporation fails to comply with subsection (15), then the costs of a shareholder application under subsection (19) are to be borne by the corporation unless the court otherwise orders.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (21). Notice to shareholders (22) Before making application to the court under subsection (18) or not later than seven days after receiving notice of an application to the court under subsection (19), as the case may be, a corporation shall give notice to each dissenting shareholder who, at the date upon which the notice is given, (a)  has sent to the corporation the notice referred to in subsection (10); and (b)  has not accepted an offer made by the corporation under subsection (15), if such an offer was made, of the date, place and consequences of the application and of the dissenting shareholder’s right to appear and be heard in person or by counsel, and a similar notice shall be given to each dissenting shareholder who, after the date of such first mentioned notice and before termination of the proceedings commenced by the application, satisfies the conditions set out in clauses (a) and (b) within three days after the dissenting shareholder satisfies such conditions.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (22). Parties joined (23) All dissenting shareholders who satisfy the conditions set out in clauses (22) (a) and (b) shall be deemed to be joined as parties to an application under subsection (18) or (19) on the later of the date upon which the application is brought and the date upon which they satisfy the conditions, and shall be bound by the decision rendered by the court in the proceedings commenced by the application.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (23). Idem (24) Upon an application to the court under subsection (18) or (19), the court may determine whether any other person is a dissenting shareholder who should be joined as a party, and the court shall fix a fair value for the shares of all dissenting shareholders.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (24). Appraisers (25) The court may in its discretion appoint one or more appraisers to assist the court to fix a fair value for the shares of the dissenting shareholders.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (25). Final order (26) The final order of the court in the proceedings commenced by an application under subsection (18) or (19) shall be rendered against the corporation and in favour of each dissenting shareholder who, whether before or after the date of the order, complies with the conditions set out in clauses (22) (a) and (b).  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (26). Interest (27) The court may in its discretion allow a reasonable rate of interest on the amount payable to each dissenting shareholder from the date the action approved by the resolution is effective until the date of payment.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (27). Where corporation unable to pay (28) Where subsection (30) applies, the corporation shall, within ten days after the pronouncement of an order under subsection (26), notify each dissenting shareholder that it is unable lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for their shares.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (28). Idem (29) Where subsection (30) applies, a dissenting shareholder, by written notice sent to the corporation within thirty days after receiving a notice under subsection (28), may, (a)  withdraw a notice of dissent, in which case the corporation is deemed to consent to the withdrawal and the shareholder’s full rights are reinstated; or (b)  retain a status as a claimant against the corporation, to be paid as soon as the corporation is lawfully able to do so or, in a liquidation, to be ranked subordinate to the rights of creditors of the corporation but in priority to its shareholders.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (29). Idem (30) A corporation shall not make a payment to a dissenting shareholder under this section if there are reasonable grounds for believing that, (a)  the corporation is or, after the payment, would be unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b)  the realizable value of the corporation’s assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities.  R.S.O. 1990, c. B.16, s. 185 (30). Court order (31) Upon application by a corporation that proposes to take any of the actions referred to in subsection (1) or (2), the court may, if satisfied that the proposed action is not in all the circumstances one that should give rise to the rights arising under subsection (4), by order declare that those rights will not arise upon the taking of the proposed action, and the order may be subject to compliance upon such terms and conditions as the court thinks fit and, if the corporation is an offering corporation, notice of any such application and a copy of any order made by the court upon such application shall be served upon the Commission.  1994, c. 27, s. 71 (24). Commission may appear (32) The Commission may appoint counsel to assist the court upon the hearing of an application under subsection (31), if the corporation is an offering corporation.  1994, c. 27, s. 71 (24). Section Amendments with date in force (d/m/y) 1994, c. 27, s. 71 (24) - 01/03/1995 2006, c. 34, Sched. B, s. 35 - 01/08/2007 2011, c. 1, Sched. 2, s. 1 (9-11) - 31/12/2015 2017, c. 20, Sched. 6, s. 24 - 19/10/2021