religious rites and rituals, punctiliousness


a Meitei originated term for a basket used for measuring paddy


in a smooth and fast pace (a tlan char char = he run smooth and in a fast pace)


to persuade, to try to persuade, to appease, to pacify


to make a fence or barrier with apertures at intervals and set ‘mankhawng’


one who always speak but not do, one with words but no action


to be continuous, regular in one’s mission or job or work


a pain that further have echoed to other parts of the body


those who have gone ahead to (jhum field, etc) lay the leaf of ‘sul’ as a signed to those who are coming after that he has gone ahead; those who come afters follow the ‘sul’ and so it is


to frolic, to gambol, to romp about out of doors, to merry make


an animal similar to both cow and mithun


to try, to do, to work; to fight against, to assail


a species of wild boar, a herd of animals


to collect a solid mass in the body, etc


to put aside (as of no further use or to do another time or for someone else to do; disuse, discard


census (general census enumerators of pre and post early independent India being semi-illiterate pluck a piece of split bamboo of the front walls of each house they visit. They bind together those little bamboo sticks and took to their headquarters where the number of houses is determined from the number of sticks. The number of members in the house seems to be roughly further calculated from the houses)


to divide ones belonging or property to the point where there is nothing left for oneself


to have the evil eye, one believed to having devil spirit


a title given to a Hmar warrior who has hunted down a certain number of wild animals or to the one who has harvested a certain amount of paddy and has given a public feast


expression of the time while one is a victor and is boastful and demeans others like a cock that won a cock-fight and proudly crows from a high point


an important component of woman’s hand loom


the time between the harvest and the cold weather


giving shelter, giving company, helper in a house


a species of wild cat that mostly preyed on birds and fowl


an event introduced by the early Hmar Christians wherein church members brought their vegetables produces to the church as an offering and give thanks to God for all His blessings


a formal send of program to a married daughter by her parents


snore, to snore, snoring (of the nose when sleeping)


nature, character, mode of life, disposition, habit


to call each other using sign language or the hand


dew, rain water which has settled on leaves


to sit with one’s back towards the sun and feel the heat (winter morning)


the roundabout movement of the tail of the Great Bear; an expression of a situation when one in the lowest can become on the top, turn the tables


extreme cold like hailstone, to die down


the name of an evil spirit believes to enter the womb of a certain barren woman which results in the birth of a dwarf or a stunted baby


the upper lips just below the hollows of the nose


the amur falcon; poetical term for ‘vakawl’


on the left or right side, to be on or put on the left or right side


a species of turtle the shell of which is not hard like other species


to presume upon or take unreasonable advantage of the forbearance or good nature of another; to be spoilt (as a child)


the bed of deep water, bottom of deep water


a Meitei originated term for a particular area of land (mostly paddy field) measuring about 40,000 sq. feet


to accidentally injure oneself physically


to remain in a place over a day and night, to sojourn


a Hindi originated term for police station ‘lock-up’


speculative opinion, one’s supposed idea


not at all, in no way, under no circumstances


to be slow (at work, etc), to be lethargic (adj), lethargic, slow


to distribute to different persons or areas


having a smell like raw flesh, pongy smell, etc


to grind smoothly, to plunder to the maximum


to have leisure, to have time, to be ready


a woman not getting married again after the death of her husband and instead look after her children


probable, likely, reasonable, ought to, probable


to fight with each other in witchcraft or magic


to retreat so as to avoid imminent bad situation, to wind-up oneself after having a hint that something bad is on the way


a friend of the same age group, one’s contemporary


engraving, colouring, variegated, of various colours


false rumours that spreads fast like a body wound pierced by a hen


to catch hold of, to hold, to grasp, etc


used to refer to those people who are too meticulous


to be stiff (as leg, neck, cloth, etc), inflexible, rigid, paralyzed (of human)


occasionally, now and then, here and there


a variety of edible banana (west Indian banana)


to collect (as water in a pool), to accumulate


sharp (not blunt); self, myself, yourself


an item in traditional woman hand weaving


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Manipur


a common form of catching crab practices by Hmars in which they use fire as torches


a sharpen bamboo split usually used to cut umbilical cord of a new born baby


a consideration of how afar is hope or expectation as it is compared with the Run river which is considered to be long and far


to engage a party or friends to help in jhumfield


on account of, because of, for the sake of, because


to block and send back to, to drive back


to work for wages, one who works for wages, a hireling


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Assam, Tripura, etc


a medicinal herb believes to cure multiple ailments


a basket made of split bamboo or cane for storing paddy, etc


the part of forest that is partially burnt out in a jhum fire


much, largely, in large quantities, much, a lot, a large quantity; useful, very good, to be useful, etc


one of the oldest Hmar traditional cloth usually worn above the knee


Jesus Christ (in the words of the legendary Pastor Thangngur)


to be close in heart and soul, to love and care each other


the name of a tree with large round leaves and small fruit


poetical term for a ‘memorial stone slap in a graveyard’


those living in the back side of one’s house


cause of death; what is left behind after one die


stitch up, to plait (using split bamboo or cane)


anything pleasant to hear (a nice story)


a foul odour, stench, unpleasant smell, bad odour


soot formed over Hmar traditional village hearth or fire place


to be guilty, to be in the wrong, to pronounce guilty, to condemn, guilty


to be separated from one’s wife or husband


quiet, silent, to be quiet; to stop, to pause; expensive, dear, costly


against, to face, to have the front or face towards, to be arrayed


to get in front of, to be ahead of, to preceded


the secondary bride price given to the sister and aunts of the bride’s family


swallowing of one’s saliva which goes the wrong way and makes one choke or catch one’s breath


a large bamboo receptacle for storing rice


wormwood, a woody shrub with a bitter aromatic taste


a Meitei term of a hoe used to plough fields


to encircle each other, to avoid each other for physical contact


olden day’s youth dormitory similar with Buonzawl/Zawlbuk


one who compassionates; a friend, a relative


to raise objections, to find fault with, to make excuse, to speak against


to bring down a hen after it hatched along with the chickens


poor, unfortunate, miserable, tired, afflicted, miserable, unfortunate


near, adjacent, neighbouring, nearby, vicinity


to fall upon or against, to lean upon or against


puckered, wrinkled, creased, to be puckered


to be slow, leisurely, to take things quietly


to be unlike an ordinary man, mad, imbecile, mentally deficient


a variety of wild creeper used to catch fish


westwards, the side of anything facing the west


to grasp tightly, to squeeze, to encircle with the fingers


to make firm or rigid or prosperous or stable, etc


a gay, a sodomite, sodomy, one who practises sodomy


the front porch of a Hmar house where a mortar is usually placed


to lose everything, to lose whatever one possesses, everything gone


expression of extreme and sudden fright like a fowl that escape a deadly attack by an eagle


one who get angry instantly, to be easily annoyed


something which is to be taken up afresh


name of a red flower plant that grows among wild shrubs


to change into, to become, to receive as a share or portion


a type of Hmar traditional marriage wherein the boy has to earn the girl by staying and working and the girl’s house for a set period of time and took the girl to his home without paying bride price


zodiacal light, also the light in the sky before sunrise and after sunset


a mild discussion and singing of songs practiced by the early Hmar Christians


to manage the whole by oneself (such as in eating or in work)


to connect, to join to, to subscribe, to affix


a creeping and edible plant, Indian pennywort


regarding, respecting, with regard to, concerning about


to scoop up, to ladle out (eg, water using mug)


always, often, constantly, frequently, continually


the top of a range of hills, the course of a river (tlang dung, tui dung)


the youth group or association (esp in church)


a variety of bird trap that uses ‘beai’ as bait


name of one of the eight dances performed during Sikpui festival


good-looking, beautiful, pretty, handsome


to succeed, to relieve, to take someone else’ place, to act as a substitute; to lower, to let down, to throw down; to drop unintentionally, to leave behind


to comfort, to cheer, to solace, to console


to fall as a droplet, a drop, to drip, to leak


name of one of the eight dances performed during Sikpui festival (adults)


to sell, to put up for sale, to trade with


to be satisfied (with food), to be sufficient, to be enough, sufficiency


to look things without going through in details as Sura looks his jhum paddy from the upper side and seems to be all fine


square, four cornered, to have four cornered


a term of reproach or contempt (thaw vet naw rawh – don’t always do it)


a Meitei originated term for human colony or, locality within a village


those related more with social entertainments, pomp and gaiety


an eclipse, to be eclipsed (as sun or moon)


to be together in times of good and bad, to eat together the sweet and salty


an approach to a girl’s family by a boy’s family for marriage proposal


to prick up (as ears), to stand on end or upright


to know how to, to know, to be skilled; to be not guilty, to be in the right, to be innocent


savoury smelling, strong smelling (as burning feathers, fat, etc.)


a ground fog, fog that travels along the ground


to carry on the head, to wear (as a hat), to put on (as a hat), to cover


the split bamboo on the roof a traditional Hmar house


a worry, a trouble, anything which troubles or worries the mind or which occupies or haunts or gets on the mind


to regard as venial or pardonable, condonable


name of a small animal of mongoose species


threatening, menacing or bellicose speech


to tease, to make fun of, pull somebody’s leg


to be affianced to each other, to engaged each other for marriage


to compete in showing one’s skill, having a trial of one’s skill (esp) in shooting a target


to crack (a flea) on the fingernail; shine, gleam


an abbreviated form of ‘lava’ – term for a woman for her brothers’ children


name of a variety of rats that usually lives in Hmar traditional village houses


the soft region of the lower part of the abdomen


to argue, criticise or oppose by all means


to beat, to strike, to thresh (grain), to poison (fish) etc


the main horizontal bar or log that runs across the breath at the base of the roof of a Hmar traditional village house


to have a whooping cough, to be infected with whooping cough


the general name of seeds of all kinds of vegetables


to fight for somebody, to join and help somebody in their war


sprouting of hairs of the body due to extreme fear


a she demon or ghost believed to be big and curly haired and also believed to suck the blood of chicken


carried away by “khawmu” which mostly refers to those who go to the jungle alone and got lost


to be opposite each other, to be in array one against the other


notches made in a tree or hill to assist in climbing, steps of stairs


to benefit from the small opportunity that comes one’s way


to walk together, to be on good terms with one another


to succeed in persuading, comforting, appeasing, enticing or tempting


to accomplish, to carry out, to be successful, to reach maturity


to contract, to sink in, in short of air (in tube)


famous, renowned, to be famous, renowned


the whole night long, throughout the night


the biggest and most ferocious of the wild male mithun


the name given to the ‘God of good luck and fortune’ by indigenous pre-Christian Hmar


a feeling or a desire for meat, etc after abstaining from it or being denied of it for some time


a portion of a bride price given to the kinsmen of the girl’s father


a Hmar special curry item of ‘behna’ cooked with ‘sithu’


wrong, inaccurate, untrue, improper, unrighteous, to be wrong


a prefix denoting reciprocity, with one another, one another, each other, etc


straw; class, team, associate, denomination, party, company


launch (a makeshift rice mill engine propelled boat operated in river Tuiruong - Barak)


then, and so, (used to introduce a sentence)


rafters under the roof of a house running breadthways and lying immediately below the kaldung


to miss fire (as a gun), a gun firing attempt that fails to burst


to compose a name, to give name of a baby


just now straightaway, at this very moment


to strive, to try hard, to be determined, to be resolved


also, too, as well, even (conjn) also, and


poetical term to meant one is longing for one’s lover


a member of a family separating from each another


a Meitei originated term for an aquatic cash crop also known as ‘black diamond or fox nut’


of sufficient size or number or importance (fak tham=enough for eating; buoipui tham= important enough to get involve into)


to live or go about with only as per one’s likes and dislikes


to pull and stretch (an elastic, a rubber)


something seen or heard in vague or blurred manner


to prepare, to make preparation, to ready, to get ready


to distort truth, to pervert justice, to lead astray


a stockade, a fort, a wall round a village, to fortify, to stockade


a female evil spirit whose domain is believed to be passed through by the spirits of those who died on their way to ‘mithi khuo’ (the abode of departed spirits). The evil spirit is also believed to prefer woman whom she will enslave and torture in a miserable way before letting them go on. The human spirits also have to go through a high and dangerous cliff just before reaching ‘mithi khuo’. Trampling upon slippery rocks on their passage could lead to a high fall on the deep gorge. It was then also believed that their ‘first lovers’ who had gone ahead would rescue them from such terrible situation by holding them on their hands.


a child born out of wedlock, illegitimate child


to commit fornication or have illicit sexual relation with an unmarried woman


to cover oneself (with shawl or blanket)


to provoke, offend, aggravate, annoy, vex, exasperate or anger purposely or deliberately; to do or say anything in order to provoke or in order to show one’s resentment


a gift, a thing given free of cost, offering


to keep or rear or tame (domestic animals)


a follower, one who follows others, one’s follower


a scheme of battle or war done in stealthy manner such as ambush, etc


to wide open the eye and have a far view


to decline or decrease and be finished off


an elder, a chief man, a mantri, (v) to be old, to be elderly


a species of edible plant (akin to ‘vaianthur’)


the leaves of a red pumpkin and a staple Hmar vegetable


a seat in front of the hearth in a Hmar house; a piece of bamboo specially made for taking a spinning top


a bunch of banana, beehive (as of plantains, keys, etc)


the scratch visible on the surface of a moon


a mass morning prayer event in the Church


to put over fire, to smoked, to expose to fumes, to heat over fire


sufficient food to eat, enough food provision


to lift down a sitting hen that has hatched


no more in love with, to break up the relationship


to send away, to forbid to enter or to come near, to excommunicate


to keep oneself, to look after or care for or take care of one’s own character, conduct, behaviour or mode of life


the whistle of the mouth when Hmars made when carrying heavy loads, etc


to lodge at a place and provide one's own food, to fortify


a drug, a medicine, a weed or a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants


to have a bone fracture, a fractured bone


consoling bereaved family members in kind and words


to come off, to slip off (as the edge or binding of anything)


to smell of, to give forth a smell, to be high, to be strong smelling


a Hindi originated term for solid (structure) or document


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Manipur


to dislike, to object, to think a trouble, to not want, not willing or enthusiastic about it


a person belonging to the village or area


the congeal on the surface, the thin coating on the surface of milk


a term used by a woman to refer to her brothers and cousin brothers’ daughter


the fabled creator of animals, the feminine spirit or ghost which presides over hunting


to step, to stride, to pace, a step, a stride, a pace


victuals, food, provision, sustenance, rations


a stick rod or cane (esp for beating with)


to misinterpret someone’s speech and counter wherever possible


a married man, one’s father’s elder brothers


fellow villagers, fellow citizens, indigenes


fortification, to circumcised, circumcision


the part of a four-legged animal meat usually reserved for a Hmar man’s ‘sasem’


a son in the family moving to a separate house after marriage


likeable, pleasant, remembering, worth missing


to scour, to rub clean, to wipe (using cloth, etc)


an evil spirit or ghost believed to be wandering about usually at night causing mischief and disturbing or frightening people. It is also believed to be a forerunner of death who would hover round the house of people who are sick and approaching people on a dying bed and one who could sometimes make a strange and unusual noise. It is also believed that the spirit even after death still has unfinished things to take care of or it may be that it has something to say and share to the people still living. A priest will offer sacrifices and try to communicate with this spirit and solve the problem and the unfinished task or problems


to half-close the eye like the way a hen does; to pretend not seeing


waste or spent (of time) on one specific purpose


a comparison of someone who cannot just sit calm and quite with that of a crab that cannot be tied with all the legs


a deriding or disparaging remark on someone receiving a blow (pain or punishment)


a dung-heap (but mostly use to refer to extreme hardship)


to take a right or left turn from the main path


name of a flowering wild tree (if its bloom good, it is believed to be a good year)


the highest fine that can be imposed in a Hmar traditional justice system which is almost similar with a Mithun and Pig


the name of a wild creeper and its fruit


to think, to believe, to trust, to have faith in


a variety of non-edible mushroom with unbearable pungent smell


the steel of a flint lock gun upon which the flint strike


the charm or attraction assumed to be possessed by a lover by the one he/she loves


the small left out portion of hand-woven shawl – cut off from the finished product and rejoint by young girls for their ‘tatebem’


ashes, dust, to be reduced to ashes or dust


half of a four-legged animal excluding the head and inside portion but including the tail given to the boy’s family by the girl’s in Hmar traditional marriage ritual


to behave properly with propriety so as not to offend


a jhum covered with stubble or straw after harvest


a place free from danger, a safe place, a place of safety


a two-anna piece, an expression of little value or significance


the slenderer area or point than the main area, a slender or thinner area


dumb, dull, silly, slow in understanding things


to hook, to catch, to cast or carry a cloth over the shoulder


a support for the feet used when weaving, a footstool, to rest the feet upon


the mithun or gayal paid as bride price after "sebulsu" which can be of any gender or size or age


to argue, to contradict one another, to discuss, to dispute


the noose or knot of traps that uses rope or thread


assisting and helping each other in the jhum works


to brood over, to sit (as a fowl); to govern, to rule


in a reckless manner, in an irresponsible manner


to be confused, to be muddled, to clamour; busy


to become great and then turn rude and unmannerly


to eat something to ward of hunger, to appease one’s hunger


a fabled horn from which the owner could obtain anything he desired


to burn, to set on fire, to ignite, to char, to heat, to roast


to use as an excuse, to make it as an excuse for


unfortunate, unlucky, to be unfortunate, etc


from the root words, from the beginning in more details


to feel uncomfortable, to feel unwell or uneasy (physically)


concern, care (more on the negative aspect)


to clear jungle or weeds round a house or village


to be friends, to be together as friends; to copulate, to have sexual intercourse


a term use to refer to destitute and the downtrodden


a reflexive pronominal prefix, himself, herself, themselves, etc (keiin/ke’n – by me; nangin = by you)


washerman, washerwoman, those who wash cloth as a profession


poetical word for the upper leg or thigh


brave, daring, tame, to be brave, to dare, to gain a victory, to be prepared to do a thing, to be not afraid of


name of a wild plant (elephant foot yam) almost similar to arum and the tuber, stem and buds of only the ‘male’ plant is edible albeit with certain specific and intricate process (‘female’ plant bears arum like flower and has no leaves and is called ‘telkawng’; ‘male’ plant has leaves spreading like umbrella and bears a potato-like fruit at the base of the leaves)


to be drunk, to be intoxicated, drunk, intoxicated


the village boy’s share of "inchong" feast (it mainly consists of the leftovers of the proper feast. If there is not enough leftover, a fresh one will be prepared for them)


to endlessly tell a story or give example when trying to explain something or tell a story as Sura have many tells and story


to bite (as a snake), to peck, to peck up; putting a dot when writing


to split leaves from its middle leaf-stem


to leave off, to retire from, to discontinue


the name of a species of mantis (insect)


the side between the top of hip bone and the lowest rib


one at a time, one after another, one by one


a Meitei originated term of friend or friendship but used to mean a form of saving of money on instalment basis among fixed number of friends


the backside (trunk) of a car; a cage slotted in traditional Hmar villages where law breakers (thief, etc) and trouble makers are jailed for some period of time


one’s interest areas or fields where one is more proficient


small, cramped for room, to be small, etc


to reserve by erecting a ‘cross-shaped’ bamboo split (done in jungles by people to signal that they had reserved that spot or portion for their next jhumland)


porridge, a favourite Hmar dish of meat or some vegetables cooked with rice


poetical term for the front side of the house


a wild thorny leaf use for roofing in Hmar traditional house


to be smart in doing things, prudent, wise, skilled


to be sad, to grieve, to be sorrowful, discouraged or disheartened


dried arum leaves which is a common staple vegetable of the Hmars


somehow or the other, by hook or by crook, with great difficulty


to outgrow, to outnumber somebody by forceful means


to die, as when two men are fighting and each kills the other


decoration; an item used to decorate something


a grate, a stove, the place enclosed by the three stones which support the pot on a Hmar fireplace


a wounded animal (wounded by a hunter or trap)


to look at secretly, to peek at discretely; to use unfair means or copy (in exam)


to enter, to sink, to appeal to (as in a law case)


a sniffer dog (of uniform personnel), a hunting dog


to hang up (as cloth on line, etc), to spread (as sail)


the name of a large land snail or the shell of the same


to correct, to admonish, to reprove, to exhort, to instruct


the name of a fat cricket with short body and long hopper


to reach or arrive at the designated target without a stopover


widows and orphans who submits themselves to the chiefs or a rich man’s house to be slaves (they are employed according to their ability but receive no wages except food, shelter and clothes and are allowed to marry and start their own home)


in a systematic manner, in a proper way; prosperous


to be slipshod, to be careless, to be negligent


name of species of animals of the weasel-marten family


touching one’s own wounds like monkeys did


a small piece or stick of wood, cane, bamboo, etc


a measurement - the distance between the tip of the finger on the right hand to the same on the left with the arms extended


to turn (to the right or left when walking, etc), (n) a road crossing, a road junction


a traditional Hmar man’s best friend ordained with certain rite and rituals


to leave without finishing, abandoning it, to leave unfinished or incomplete


the two split wooden poles wherein ‘tlangkhang’ is placed for cotton reel to be dried under sunshine


a raised platform on the backside of a Hmar house


to clear a piece of forest after the undergrowth has been burnt and make it as an extended jhum without any further burning


a real name of true name given at birth, reported or spoken well of


to stay with the jungle with some purpose


to be amazed, to be filled with wonder, astonished, amazed, surprise


a deriding or disparaging remark on someone receiving a blow (pain or punishment)


to stationed oneself with something or someone


name of a wild shrub with bunches of violet berries


perfect, faultless, excelling in everything


the name of a hopping spider which preys on flies


terrifying, fearful, dreadful, horrible, appalling, awful


soften up due to heating by fire or by being cooked


accidental, unintentional (adv), accidentally, unintentionally, by chance


a famine caused by bamboo flowering that occurs after every 50 years in Mizoram and Manipur state in particular (the last one is in 2006)


affix signifying 'dead' (vuokhlum=beaten to dead; kaphlum=shot dead; hmethlum=to switch off)


to take a joke a truth and be serious with it


to cut off (edge of thatch, bamboo stump, etc.), to massacre


to get the better of, to turn aside, to refute


to be worn out, done up, spent, exhausted


to turn upside down, to turn the face downward


to make a grunting noise when carrying a load


to long for, to long after an absent one


a variety of adlay millet or Job’s tears


the name of a trap (tiger, bear) which releases a spear or pointed bamboo or fires a gun


to express or explain everything without hiding anything


to mix with; to have sexual intercourse with, to copulate


to be in close proximity physically or mentally


sending off ceremony of a bride, a blessing ceremony


to praise oneself, to blow one’s own trumpet


a raised threshing floor in the indigenous Hmar jhums


a type of traditional Hmar marriage almost similar to child marriage (see also ‘chongmolak’)


to fail in one's strength or energy (as in old age)


soft, quiet, calm, slow, not fast, not in hurry; alive, living in good health


to clench (the hand), to clasp, to grasp


an enclosure, a yard, enclosure, pen, fold


far off, to be far from each other (v), to be separated by long distance


patient, forbearing, to be patient; to be accommodative


to take after, to resemble (parents or elder by younger and not vice-versa)


to dry with fire, drying up in Hmar traditional fireshelf


a Meitei originated term for a hamlet village


to play as being grown up persons (by kids)


stiff, inflexible, strong (as the current of a river)


a collective sound or action (thunder, shouts of large number of peoples, etc)


to whine away, to spent time unproductively


to be wandering around not knowing where to go or an expression of lost in desperation


henceforth, from this time, from now onwards


a group, a flock, a herd, a pair, a species, a kind; blue, blue colour


to be mindful of one’s job, to be wholehearted in one’s assignment


to leap with a single leg, to hop on one leg


ridge of a house just covered by the roof, the part of a roof beyond the wall


a ledge of rock in a river bed over which the water falls


to translate or interpret words or speech


to be wounded with blood flowing or bones broken, a fresh wound


morning and evening, always, continuously


repeat, to do or say anything over and over again, again and again, over and over


soft cooked rice (for the sick or babies)


to sprain the foot by accidentally stumbling


own brother or sister, a brother or sister of the same parent


the outside piece of sawn timber with the bark upon them


pressed tightly together, close together, prosperous


adverbial prefix indicating use of force or doing intentionally


to lay siege and drove out the inhabitants


a trick, ploy, false pretences or misrepresentations


to give utmost care (like an easily breakable egg)


upside down, inside out, wrong way about, vice versa


subjected to every kind of indignity such as slapping, pushing, beating


a whole family, a family of none missing due to being away or death


to not exert oneself to the full so as to make one’s antagonist or opponent win


the other side of (river), on the opposite bank of


to do harm, to hurt someone, to do mischievous, to harm


to butt (as a bull), to hit using the forehead or horn


to embrace, to take hold of, to accept, to obey, to give heed to


the one laying the first hand becoming the victim in the end


large and well built, robust in work and food habit


a large basket made by split bamboo or cane


fever, feverishness, to have slight fever, to be feverish


the generic name for different species of beans; scar


tighten, of being under severance or set aside


the period of clearing the jhum land after burning it


humble, meek, lowly; to be humble, to speak humbly


short in length or height (skirt, petticoat, pant, rope, etc)


to be at leisure, to be free, to have nothing to do


traditional send-off ceremony of a bride (family affair)


the pendulous clusters of young ‘zawngtra’ or bitter beans pods


ear, the outside (of bamboos, etc), pain, ache, hurt


to sell, to put up for sale, to trade with


to steal secretly, to thieve, slyly, on the sly, stealthy


to sit up all night with especially sick persons or a family with death body


a British’s imposed tax system to the tribal peoples of Manipur wherein villagers in the hills had to carry the goods and luggage of government officials free of cost while they were on tour to the areas. In case of refusal they whipped the villagers and forced to carry the loads (pot=materials or things; thang=carry). Lushai-Mizos called it as ‘Fathang’.


a foul odour, stench, unpleasant smell, bad odour


a family of just husband and wife or with young children in which only the husband is able to work


a ringleader, main player of any event or situation


a term derived from a Hindi term of ‘Bara Saheb’ meaning ‘big sir’ which mostly referred to the British’s Political Agent then and the district Commissioners now


a plant, a tree, the trunk of a tree, the stem of a plant


the name of a sub-clan of Khawbung clan of Hmar tribe


an edible fruit of a creeping plant, luffa


to remove the contents of a pot altogether


lavish spending, reckless and uncontrolled wasting of one’s resources


the lower limb just above the knee, the lower thigh


to open the eyes wide due to fear or extreme surprise


the layers or rings in the stems of plantains and similar trees, the sheath of maize cobs


to be friends with mind, to be or cause to be of the same, to be in pairs


to go out in anger, to go out as sign of protest


proud, haughty, arrogant, boastful, uppish


to gird round the waist (as cloth); sprain (the leg or hand); preparation of traditional wine


the leaf of ‘sul’ planted on jhum path as a signal and on village entrance on the day of ‘khawser’ to signal one that he is forbidden to enter the village on that day


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Tripura


a sub clan under Hmar Khawbung Punte clan


exclamation used to give affirmative response; ok, I see


to fall down in a cold or specific manner


the hips, the side of the upper (backside) part of the thigh, popliteal fossa


the name of a species of bamboo used for making the bowls of men's pipes


the bamboo pole spread over a Hmar traditional house to give extra protection from strong and violent storm


to lay out a dead body, to lay in the grave


poetical term for the soft chest or bosom of a woman


to separate, to differentiate, to classify, to distinguish


to be unsuccessful, to fail to accomplish


a traditional Hmar woman hairstyle wherein she plaits the hairs into two straps and make an interlacement or a knot above the forehead by bringing forward such straps above the ear


name of an ominous bird whose cry is believed to be associated with bad omen


being dropped or expelled from one’s position, to cease, to stop, to hang up, etc


faded, old looking, to fade (as a flower)


a wooden step made for fowl to climb to ‘arril’; a makeshift small bridge built over a small stream or between two high cliffs in jungles


to remain permanently, to stay put forever


to ambush, to get an enemy between two companies of an army, to waylaid


in want of, to be in need of, to run out or be out of anything, to lack


one which is in the interior or remote, not in prominent place


an indigenous three gongs used for leading singing, dancing, etc


inadequately ripen fruit due to deformity or malformation


name of a variety of fern plant (the dried leaf use as cushion for egg laying hen)


slightly spotted, blotched, mottled, having a few patches of white, piebald, etc


to make somebody’s life miserable, to mistreat


to raise the eyes or head (after looking down), to look out, etc


nearby, adjacent, neighbouring, vicinity


leaf of passion fruit (a stable curry item)


to benefit from the small opportunity that comes one’s way


to give extra attention to someone with some expectation from the other end


approval, confirmation, ordination, verification


to look around in bewilderment and perplexity


to bury or dispose of the dead in any manner


denoting past tense or the action being completed (ka fak ‘tah’ = I’ve eaten; ka hmu ‘tah’ = I’ve seen)


enough, sufficiently, to be enough, to be sufficient


a tooth, the teeth; the edge, the handle of an axe, hammer, hoe, etc


through, from end to end, along the passage of; to go together, to do together, to go in groups, do in groups


to die out (as a race, etc), to become extinct


to leave behind, to leave, to give away when going away


poetical term for one’s lover; thatching grass


a Hmar traditional dance (the song associated with it is called ‘tangkawng vailak hla’)


to misinterpret someone’s speech or to misconstrue whichever is possible


a waterhole, the main water source of a traditional Hmar village


to complain or sue each other in a court of law or to competent authority; slanting


a skilled and successful hunter envied by others and as such thought to be blessed by ‘lasi’, one who possessed ‘lasi’


the slow-paced lemur; a carnivorous animal


an elevated floor usually towards the lower side of a Hmar traditional house


to be in favour, to be received with approbation, to be liked


the name of a reed which generally grows on bank of rivers, elephant grass


white, fair, of a light colour, to be white


to disorder, to muddle up, to put out of proper order


to scrape, to shave, to cut (the hair), to flay the skin


to be strict, particular, strictly, particularly


to look at from a distance, to look, to look at


one of the important steps of indigenous Hmar cotton reeling process


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in NC Hills of Assam and Tripura or Rengpuiram


something to hold on (like railings in a stairway)


a slip rail at the entrance of a Hmar house


the horizontal split bamboos in a mat wall


a variety of wild tree with edible fruit


name of wild plant the leaf of which is used for roofing in traditional Hmar house


together in a large scale (action taken)


to take step, to walk, foot fall, to move forward step by step


to suck (as babies do their mother’s breast)


a non-effective call or summon like calling a dog that just filled its stomach


near and dear ones by blood or by being a neighbour


to do something with ease, to be at ease


to do the talking by standing still, to refuse to sit down and talk


a winged insect irritating to human skin


to take heed to, to respect, to mind, to regard


which refers to someone who criticizes one to another and vice-versa


to alight, to settle, to roost, to perch


to have multiple scar or sore in the body


affix signifying in every respect, in everything, completeness


to excessively try to please someone with good words and deed, to be in good term with, to be friendly with


to throw, to stone, to hammer, to pound, to cast or let down (as a net)


freshly, recently, very fresh, very recent


to be on the opposite side of each other


to be in a trance, to fall into a trance


under no circumstances, on no condition, not at all (a thei naw hulhuol = not possible at all)


to be self-willed, disobedient, obstinate, stiff-necked, perverse, rebellious


the verandah, the front porch of a house


to tread upon, to tread (with the bottom of the foot); to visit, to call upon


elephant grass, name of a variety of wild-big grass


to hate each other, to be enemy to each other


spin (of cotton), gnaw or eat or bite (by squirrel, rat or worms)


flat and thin; a page, a sheet, a slice, a slab, to be flat and thin


one of the simplest Hmar dishes made of only water, salt, chilly and dry fermented fish


to be in a sorry situation, to do something wrong and be exposed


the little appendages which grows on the necks of certain goats


to pacify, to appease and seek favour, etc


to tend to the dead body of one who died of unnatural death


a signal given to each other on jhum path that they have gone ahead


through, by the help of, by means of, by virtue of, because of, by the favour of


to be extra cautious, careful, wary, etc


an intentional physical or verbal assault, a consensual attack, etc


to do no work, to remain idle (without doing much)


a branch road or path, the place where one path runs into another


a mating call (pullet); about the age of maturity (a girl)


to cause disturbance, to throw into confusion or disorder


occurrence of a prismatic colour that encircles the sun


closely woven, free from holes, airtight to be closely woven, etc., firmly, thoroughly, closely, etc


the weeded or cut grasses kept aside (jhum)


to sing or shout at the top of one’s voice without considering whether it is sweet or not


a baby’s comforter (for sucking or biting)


name of fence erected to prevent domestic gayals to get into jhums


a hell, a place of punishment mostly referred to as ‘hell’ (of the Bible or Christian faith)


a devil spirit or ghost believes to be the most timid and shy and one that only play with those in jhum hut by making a "rawt rawt" like sound from below


a half-burnt firewood, a one end burnt firewood


to believe, to allow, to obey, to accept as true


to put things in a nice way, to express in a felicitous language


a grandchild, a sister's child, a husband's sister's child, a paternal aunt's child


a carbuncle or obstinate ulcer on the back


urinating incontinence or frequent urge to urinate without being able to pass much urine


to divide, to distribute, share something to someone


cooked lime eaten along with betel nut and leaf


a term used by Hmars of NC Hills to call the Kacharis or Dimasas


to go into the jungle (to search food, hunt, etc)


to be in good terms, to get on well together, to agree together


to fall down (not from a height), to be settled


hard, (not soft), ripe, mature, to be hard; one’s well being


a sub clan under Banzang clan of Hmar Darngawn


to be at a loss what to do, to get excited or confused, to lose one's presence of mind, to be in a panicky situation


to wrap up (in a parcel or bundle), to enclose (as fish in a net), to bring (cooked food) with one wrapped up in a leaf


name of a wild tree (the bough often used to make rice serving plate)


ending words to meant – let he/she not, let it not, let them not


an iron spud on the edge of the wooden handle made to tighten the joints


a traditional pre-Christian ritual performed on the third day of burial of the deaths and believed to cut a line between the livings and deaths


to live with no regular source of income; to move on with whatever is available on the way


to preserve by boiling and potting, to pot, to put fruit in a pot to hasten its ripening


building of shelter home by animals and birds


under no circumstance, not at all, in no wise, not in the least


the main house of a family where the head of the family (father) stays


to make matter worse after all the bad situation


a frying pan, the name of an iron pan used to fry curry


old (as village, books, person, etc), ancient, antique


a dog’s bark, to surprise someone from behind with a voice


a split (into four or more pieces) of bamboo, etc


a necessity, a requisite, essentials, needs


to be in contact with, to knock or lean against, to touch, to depend upon


to shift, to separate, to divide, to distinguish between, to make a distinction between


violence in the process of pushing or shoving each other


a measurement from the tip of the middle finger to the breast-bone with the arm extended


to boycott, to outcast, to stay away from


a term used to refer to a marriage ordained by God, a wedlock appointed by God


to make one's self tidy, to adorn one's self, to be tidy


it does not matter, never mind, it is OK


a measure, a conical heap of rice the apex of which will be level with the tips of a man's fingers when standing with the arm raised high above the head


to strive to, to endeavour earnestly, to strive and attempt diligently or doggedly


to held up each other, to help each other


a Hmar traditional headgear reserved only for warriors (it is a must to clip a feather of Cuckoo in the headgear)


the name of a mythical flower that grow on the road of ‘mithi khuo’ beyond ‘hringlang tlang’ (the spirits of the dead pluck and wear those blossom in their hair or ears; drink the water of ‘lunglo tui’ and then after, have no desire to turn and look back towards the earth they have left)


a form of cooking chicken in a Hmar house


to try to, to do one's best to do anything, scarcely, with difficulty, somehow or other


to bring into subjection, to cause to obey, to break in, to train


heedless, careless, taking things lightly


to be surprised or startled, to jump with surprise


to be under suspension, to spend one’s period of punishment


a time between the burning and the springing up of the first seeds


brown, dark complexioned, to be brown, etc


a slenderer area or point than the main area, a slender or thinner area


to be bored, fed up, uninterested, jaded


to lark, to play with, to amuse with, jokingly


to visit those who are mourning (mostly before the burial), attend to a burial ceremony


one who just go where the plate is shining


useful, beneficial, serviceable, to be useful, etc.


to put up the framework of a house, to begin to build a house


to adopt another religion and custom, a convert, a proselyte


blebby, red and spotted (as the nose), to be blebby


to not know what to do, to be in a fix, to be at a loss, to be in suspense


the fatty part on the lower rib of pigs, etc


to noose, to lasso, to tie a rope round the leg or the neck of an animal to lead it


to foretell, to prophesy, to say beforehand


a small amount as less as a fowl’s saliva


weak, to be exhausted, to be tired out, fatigue


an indistinct outline or image, sign, traces, indications


a Hmar traditional shawl worn by both men and women


the tree of life and tree of knowledge, tree of knowledge of good and evil (of the Bible)


big town or cities, principal village where the chief lives


name of the many pre-Christian god of the Hmars; the tree shade temporarily installed in front of the house of a Hmar warrior (anchongpa) who performed a particular ritual of feeding the whole village folks


a shawl gifted to the family of those who lost their members


the youngest (nau mitlum = youngest son)


in the shelter of, under the protection of


to push or sweep from different corners to one centre place


to lift something by the hand with the arm straight and in perpendicular with the shoulder


a big basket (made of split bamboo or cane)


the name of a certain kind of bamboo plaiting and cloth-weaving


to fall through, to leak out, to trickle (water); to slip off, to slip out


to cross (as the legs, etc), to fold (as the arms)


to fix amount, period, number, quantity, etc


to grow; to put forth one’s strength; to accompany, to join with, to be one of a company, to form part of, to take part in, to be present, to be added, to add


while, whilst, at the same time; doing another thing without giving up or still doing what one originally does


carelessly, negligently, lightly, simply


prepare, to prepare oneself, to make oneself ready for something


likeable, loveable, desirable, admirable


to feel hurt in the mind, brokenhearted, bitterness of soul


to weed, to cut grasses and weeds; to request one to stay back and not to move away or go, to detain


a double handful (v), to scoop up with both hands


to exert all one’s might to save oneself as a crab is doing inside its den


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Manipur


one who is watchful and cautious and cannot be cheated


small or big, few or more, less or large


the amount paid by a man to his wife as conformation of separation or divorce initiated by the man


a crafty spirit believed to be commissioned to seize the spirit of hundred people every day. When not sufficient sick people died in a day to make the hundredth mark, the spirit is obliged to seize the life of a healthy human being. Hence, when a person died suddenly or while in sleep, his spirit is considered to be snatched by ‘zasam’ and hence, the term ‘zasam ilak = snatched away by zasam or a general term that refers to a sudden death. The spirit is also believed to be stealing the catches of traps and fishing nets laid by hunters


to be the main decision-maker, to be the winner in an argument


to water (as flowers), to pour out water


to mutually support or hold up, to be mutually dependent


to be spoiled, naughty, spoilt, wicked, bad


an impoverished moveable container of heated charcoal that gives warmth


a chaprasi, a circle interpreter (an esteemed government officer of yore or British era)


to pass, to outstrip, to get in front of


not at all, in no way, under no circumstances


an offshoot, anything divided off from the parent stock (eg, a hamlet village)


to pile up (as when measuring grain, etc)


a full-grown female, to arrive at the age of puberty


separating the fine rice and the husk in a "leidar" (sieve)


to cover (with the hand, etc.) to sip, to suck up, to draw in (as breath)


to separate, to divorce, release of water that has accumulated in large quantity


where one goes into the jungle (in search of food, hunting, fishing)


with interest when borrowing money or taking loan


corrupted term of ‘company’ which is a term given by the Hmars to (emperor) Queen Victoria


more than others, bigger or higher than the rest


the sharp point (of a knife), a pointed top (of a church cross)


counting years like a poor man (a poor man always expects the next year to be better for him. Hence, the phrase)


to meet each other physically; to agree to each other


a good smell or odour (like perfume), fragrance


to agree with each other, to make accord


kind of ‘well-wishing’ words; to wish for a good meal


a Hmar basket made of finest cane where woman’s finest clothes are kept


to scratch up, to scrape with fingers or claw, to write


the real thing, the main job, the actual time and things to be done


to comfort someone who feels lonely due to death of their near and dear ones


to be earnest, to be ardent, to be zealous, to be enthusiastic


a hare, a rabbit, a full-grown female rat


a swarm of fish gathered together for spawning


anything to give pleasure to a child (present or gift, etc)


a bamboo or cane split for making other objects or for tying


the four-legged animal killed by a girl’s family when all formalities of paying bride price are completed by the boy’s family (lengthwise half of the animal excluding the head and the internal parts but including the tail will be given to the boy’s family and is known as ‘sahrap’. The girl’s family will cook their share of the ‘sum khum sa’ and invite the ‘makpa bul’ and ‘laibung bul’ of the boy’s family and their own ‘makpa bul’ and ‘laibung bul’ to partake a meal that will consist of different parts of the meat including the internal parts and is known as ‘sabar’)


to throw over the head (as an antagonist in wrestling)


to be in a romantic relationship, to be in love with each other (a man and a woman)


to weed, to clear weeds of jhum, paddy field or garden


a load, a burden (v) to carry a burden, carrying a heavy load physically


the lower part (of a village, jhum, etc)


to dislike, to object, to think a trouble, to not want, not willing or enthusiastic about it


to foretell the lyrics of a song in community singing


to contribute, to subscribe a collection


name of wild plant, the leaf used for roofing in traditional Hmar house


the Hindi term used for calling officers


negative expression indicating ‘singular’


lattice work made by split bamboos plaited together


to stamp, to hit upon (with small particle)


the mount believed to be crossed by the spirits of the dead and on which the land of the living can be seen (the spirits of the dead pluck and wear flowers in their hair or ears, and after that have no desire to turn and look back towards the earth they have left)


a Hindi term for a refine wood of three by four inches in size and about 16 feet in length


to be untrustworthy, to keep back part of a price for one's self


to train, prepare oneself (for special task or work)


a long bamboo set up in a village with the skin of a wild cat or other animal suspended from it


one upon whom one relies in time of need; the main root or origin; name of tree


to economise, to be frugal in spending, to thrift


a squirrel is the chief and important in the absence of chief or other leaders


a woman basket made to carry firewood paddy or large items


a sudden occurrence (like natural calamities), an emergency situation


an unexpected wind thought to be blowing because of occurrence of "sarthi"


ordinary, common, any sort of, every sort of, all sorts of


a place where one stands one’s ground, makes a stand


to agree with one another, to be unanimous


that which one likes, that which is appealing to one


not to the level of expectation, nothing to rejoice with, not worthy of working on it or not worth helping


to be with someone continuously for some period of time


again and again, over and over again, repeatedly


that something occurs more regular than normal time


without break, continuously, one after another in rapid succession


continuously, right on, one after another


offensive, ill-mannered, ruthless, pitiless


not in want or need (a baby), happy and to be good


to go, to undertake, to bear (with great pain and suffering)


to attack or seize suddenly, to frighten, to startle


a cruel one-eyed she ghost believes to have a peculiar physique that used to walk on top of large trees in the deep jungles


soon, quickly, rapidly, fast, hastily, without delay, immediately


closed up, to close up, to be closed up, free from holes


to tear, to split, to rip up (a cloth, etc)


a servant, a peon, a helper; one who is on the call and send of another


to examine oneself, reckon up, trace back


the name of the famous set of three gongs of three sizes


to manage, to run, to organise, arrange, look after


quite visible, prominent, famous, popular


a scouting, to spy upon, to watch, to scout


to make a mental note of privately without letting others know


bamboo and cane work (of any description)


the grandest Hmar traditional shawl worn by women


to get into trouble and fight with one another


doing things in a discreet and fast manner


a woman smoking pipe (which produce nicotine water)


the name of a fabulous creature which is supposed to swallow the sun or moon during an eclipse


that is bounded by nature, that has natural boundaries such as streams, etc


to wish, to want, to intend, to attempt, to try; to play (a musical instrument)


a sign given by the hand, to make gesture using the hand


a rat which is usually found more at ‘changpawl’


porridge of rice-soda-sizo (plus meat or vegetables), a common and popular Hmar curry


a coil (as of rope), to make into a cylinder, to coil, to be winding, to be bent


name of a Hmar traditional shawl worn by women


level, flat, to go along level ground, to go straight on without going up or down, (adv) horizontally, evenly, neither up nor down


a pioneer, one who go ahead on behalf of others


to bend, to pull down towards one (as a bough)


safety, security, peaceful place, place of safety


that which is being of valued and loathe to part with


a small basket-like vessel made from the stem of bean leaves


a Hindi originated term for coolie, manual labourer


a person who is not trustworthy or one who is very negative or one who is very unprincipled


to submerge, to crowd round, to overflow


blurred looking, not clear or tidy in appearance


name of variety of a bird with long neck


the fully rounded neck part of animal traditionally reserved for one’s mother’s father or brothers


foolish, not wise; speechless with pain, overwhelmed with pain, to be speechless with pain


doing or telling something in ‘advance’ or beforehand


a stomach or bowel disorder, a gastric problem


witchcraft, magic; cowardly, to be cowardly, to be afraid


the completion, accomplishment, finish, end


one who is skilled in cane and bamboo work


in such a way as to necessitate, in such a way as to compel


a unit of dry measure found in the Bible which equals to the capacity of 144 medium-sized eggs, or what is equal in volume to about 8.5 litres


cunning, clever, unprincipled or mean, treacherous, deceitful, hypocritical


a Bible verse selected on a Sunday’s school chapter to be recited and learnt ‘bye-heart’ by the congregation


narrow, small, close together, to be narrow, etc


to single out each other and oppose one another, to stand up to one another (in game, battle, etc)


a term use to refer to destitute and the downtrodden


to have offspring but not give enough care and attention (like a chameleon)


name of a trap especially for catching rats, wild fowls, pheasants, etc


to detest, feeling disgusted, to loath, to dislike


to offer a sacrifice when one is sick or to ensure good health


a variety of wild strawberry fruit that ripen in end month of ‘thlatun’ or April


twisted together, to be twisted together; a young man or woman wooing each other


killing or being killed by one’s own type (human by human, animal by animal)


to ask a smaller price than the right value, to offer a price than the one quoted, etc


to tear, to split, to rip up, to be torn


to look after, to attend, to nurse; reply, to give a reply; drink, to drink (any liquid); to consider, to think of, to think or consider before-hand


to strike with a force, beat up with a force


the dry gourd in which ‘sithu’ is being stored


a large trap which crushes its victim by letting a heavy beam falling upon it


pour water or other drinkable liquid for oneself


to turn round, to turn over or upside down


to make a grunting noise when carrying a load


to seek, to search, to look for, to find out


firm, rigid, prosperous, stable, to be firm, etc.


a show, a spectacle, an entertainment, anything pleasing to look at


in addition to, over and above, moreover, besides


the stem of wild banana plant that also serves as vegetable


to sulk, to be sulky, to pout, to look cross


higher in one place than another, swollen, uneven


the mound of earth at the back of a Hmar fireplace to protect the wall from fire


to manage, to run, to organise, arrange, look after


a fool, an idiot, a silly person, a mad person


to take it the other way round, to take offence at, to misunderstand


to miss those who are no more, to long for the dead


go between, one who join both sides (mutually agreed)


an ear of maize on the cob, shell, pod, the stock (of a gun), the cover (of a book)


to prepare a meal (esp for those outside the normal family)


to tear, to split, to rip up (a cloth, etc)


clearing of the unclean ones from (rice, etc)


to warn by threats of punishment or of dire consequences


to go to sleep while others still lie awake


to appear; to show one's self (as a spirit)


a woman who have had a child, a wife, a mother’s elder sister


to pick a quarrel, to aggress, to intentionally be obstinate


to appease, to pacify, to mollify (with good words and deed)


name of thorny plant commonly used as fencing


a male illegally approaching a female for sexual favour


completely, also expressing entirety or absoluteness


the name of a species of creepers like bamboo


to inflict (disease) from one to another


an affix denoting continuity, continually, without a break, still


to cut split logs for firewood using axe


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Manipur


a pre-Christian era Hmar folk goddess believed to have control over all wild animals


one given to raising objections, finding fault, etc


discoloured, khaki coloured, dirty, to be discoloured


a ‘love letter’, middleman in love affairs between young men and young women


shoulder, the shoulder blade with flesh; the foreleg of a four-legged animal


brazen-faced, bold, forward, not shy or bashful, free and easy, etc


puddle, rain water that overflows around


in the safe and secure protection of, in the arms of, by the side of


to have an intense longing for food, to be unmannerly in want of food


a gathering of small fishes for spawning


to fall upon or against, to lean upon or against


to show something to others, to have oneself examine by a doctor


a tube, a pipe-stem, a new shoot or branch, to shoot out a new branch


flowering time, things at their best periods


to prevent, to cause or tell not to do or say, to be prevented, etc


to hunt for bee and take the wasps or nest


what that has not yet arrive or happen and none knowing when it will


to seek forgiveness, to make plea (to someone)


the name of a brass gong and part of ‘darbu’ used in war, tiger hunts, celebrations


a souvenir, a memento, something prepared for someone as a parting gift item for remembrance


a wood placed horizontally in a grate for the other woods to fall on


momo (a type of South Asian dumpling native to Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, North and Northeast India)


to spread out (as cloth, hands, tail, etc)


name of a variety of wild tree (the leaf of which is used to wrap fermented soyabeans)


a simple musical instrument made from bamboo


to disperse and go back home or to one's village


one's earning by work, obtain by one's labour


nicely, properly, in the best possible way


in a company, in a band, a party, a group


a speech having a sinister meaning, an insinuation, innuendo


the name of a basket usually strapped around the waist


extensive bleeding in childbirth, a miscarriage


to spread out or hold out (the arms or hands on either side), to straighten (the arm), to lift or hold up (the arm), to spread out or open out (as cloth, etc)


to outcast, to cast off (a relative, etc)


a broom, the name of a grass from which brooms are made


the name of a tree the shoots of which are used as a medicine for toothache, etc


to freeze, that gets frozen, that turn into ice, opposite of melt


expression of someone who is lethargic, sluggish and unenergetic


fermented rice both before and after being brewed into beer


a deathly poison applied on spear points


the bud of ginger and favourite curry items of the Hmars


falling of old leaves; dead of the older generations


to be indecisive and begin from the start again and again


clean, ceremonially clean, without blemish, holy, to be clean, etc


to openly engage with each other (verbal)


use to refer to someone who is active and energetic


to watch the behaviour and manner of others


a Meitei dish of chilly and variety of vegetables with fermented fish


to be pleased, to be pleased with, to have pleasure in, to be contented, to be happy, to be grateful, to be thankful


a marriage without parents' consent or to elope and get married


to feel sad, to feel homesick, to let the mind wander, to ponder over the past


the name of a creeper with scarlet flowers


to complete, to accomplish, to finish, right through the end


a plural verbal ending (hung ta unla – come/plural)


a pledge, earnest money, a preliminary deposit, a security deposit


to suffer with, to sympathise, to be in sympathy


to be in constant contact with dysentery


an ambassador, an emissary, a go between


to forbid, loathing, reluctant to part with or give up


rain drops falling from the roof of a house


to be wounded, to wound oneself, to be injured


a traditional ritual performed after some three months from the death of a family member


to purify, to cleanse, to make one's self ceremonially clean


name of a Hmar kindred (unau-suopui) tribe settled in Manipur


to speak to, to talk to; to propose for marriage; to offer a sacrifice to


desire, long for, to like, to want to eat, to be fond of (eatables)


to blaze (with a hatchet), to strip off bark, to trim


to be related to one another as brothers or sisters


intolerable, insufferable, that cannot be endured


to disregard, to not heed to, to not respect


to have one’s connection with anyone severed and to be left without any resources, remuneration, pensions, etc (like a pumpkin flower detach from its plan and taking nothing with it)


to be taken up with one to the exclusion of others


the upper limb just below the hip, the upper thigh (see also Elpui)


an open tract of country generally covered with grass and with few or no trees


ill tempered, irritable, to be bad natured


drugs, intoxicating drugs such as Opium, No.4, etc


a light weight as light as a hatching hen


loose or long downwards (coat, jacket, overcoat, etc), to sag, to hang low


scold, reprimand, reproach, rebuke, admonish


frankly, outspokenly, without hiding anything


accumulation of water, liquid, fluid, etc


to increase or gain (money), to sell at a profit


a watch house, a duty post, a blockhouse


a box, case, basket, a vessel of any kind, a coop; name of Hmar kindred tribe


to spurt out (liquid) spotted; to cut open (bamboos) and split them for matting, to pit, to dent, to chip, etc


very small, very little, very tiny (in size)


to feel uncomfortable or uneasy (due to one’s conduct), etc


on the other way, upside down, inside out


the annual ritual performed for all the new born babies in a pre-christian era Hmar society


the time when the cut trees and plants of jhums are being dried before they are burn, spring season


a Hmar traditional blanket or mattress of the highest made


to push or butt or gore with the horn or tusk


to stamp, to hop violently (those who are about to die)


to earth up, to fill in (as hole), to pile up on top of


to meet, to come face to face; to reach up to (in height)


name of a small bird with protrude feathers on the top of the head, a species of bulbul


an elevated floor house – a typical Hmar traditional house style


to forcefully do an action, to insist upon doing or saying


a comedian, joker, a clown, a jester, one who is good in making jokes


the name of an insect supposed to be the special enemy of slugs


to request someone to stay back and not go


to give away, to part with one’s belongings or property because of extreme reason


traditions of the elders, a message or will or testament of the forefathers handed down from generation to generation


a big basket (made of split bamboo or cane)


a place where drinking and feasting are being carried on


to compensate, to recompense, to give in place of or instead of, to pay a debt


poetical term for ‘to go away’ (literally meaning death)


expression of something which is very less as that of the saliva of a crab


plucking of (something from the main body)


that which helps one to hide or overcome shyness


flowing out (liquid, water) in large volume


to take care carefully, to be gentle with


to secretively open the eye (especially during prayer)


the platform in front of a Hmar traditional house


to have some outside particles in the eye


to press tightly; eat (in a hurried manner)


to desert, to forsake, to betray and leave


to stretch from one place to another (as a wire, rope, etc)


lullaby play song with clapping of hands


a contemptuous term use to refer to someone


all round, useful for different purpose, present everywhere


to be in complete breakdown and with nothing left to say or do


to weep or cry or groan or tremble or pant with


to over-owe or impose by one’s commanding presence


one’s locality, one’s village, one’s hometown, city or country


the final means of settling (case or dispute between two individuals) in a traditional pre-Christian era justice system (two persons who have the dispute are taken to a nearby river or water body after performing a certain rite at the chief’s house and then moved out along with the chief and his ministers. On the bank of the river, the priest sprinkles the blood of fowl on the top of their head and if the blood flow down the nose line of either of them, the onlookers would straight away think that he is the innocent of the two. After the priest chanted few words both will sink themselves in the water - the innocent of the two will always manage to sank himself deep into the water and came out with a handful of sand from the floor of the water but the guilty person miraculously can never survive inside the water for long no matter how good a diver he is)


those who have died; used in short as (L) in English


the first cockcrow of the morning, early morning


an expression of remote possibility (of finding out), etc


short form of “khawlai am”, where? at what place? (also used as an interjection)


plural form of that or this; those, these


to bring in, to take in, to admit, import


belief, doctrine, that which one believes


a Hindi originated term for land documents of the highest value


to knock by the finger roll (door), to hit by the backside of finger


name of medium size wild plant of the raspberry species


festivals and rituals or sacrifices performed to please gods in Hmar traditional religion


to annihilate, to destroy, to put out of existence


name of a creeping plant the leaf of which is useful for anti-snake venom


a line, a scratch, to draw a line, to scratch


being involved in one activity or the other (social, church, etc)


to be idle, to do a thing listlessly because not working for one's self


to ask for and obtain (anything which one is in need of)


tamarind (see also, simkerlek, tengtere)


the one who is at the top of which one is proud of or pleased with


an unlucky mound like a grave believed to be the graveyard of a devil spirit and is haunted. No grass or plant grows in it. No one dare to have jhum in the area as it was believed that doing so will cause death or other serious ailment that can cause all hairs on the head of the offender to fall


to keep or remember (in the mind), to bear (a child)


to chop or cut off, to cross (as a river)


to wring, to squeeze liquid out of anything


the name of a variety of small bean, rice bean


mourn, lament, a melancholic cry for the deaths


the back of the head, the nape of the neck


suitable, to suit, worthy, deserved, to be suited


leading ‘mo’ out of her father’s house by groomsman and sisters of the groom


to whisper, to mutter, to murmur, to talk to one's self


a position where one lives on husked or clean rice (one of the highest desires of a man’s heart in the traditional pre-Christian era belief of the Hmars is to have clean rice to eat at home without labouring for it. Hence, the term)


to fascinate, to charm, to draw by some mysterious power


to tie a knot in a single piece of string, etc


to arrive at, to reach, to come, to happen


one on whose head a sum of money is announced or promised


serious, deep, profound, thoughtful, thorough, careful


the term use to refer to an Englishmen which originates from a Hindi term of "saheb" meaning, "sir"


wonderfully, miraculously, amazingly, remarkably


one by one in regular order, in a systematic manner


to trace from the track, to trace from the footprint


to exalt, to promote, to glorify, to magnify, to honour


hill people literally but meant for ‘tribals’


to shine, to give light, bright, shining


the domesticated Mithun or Gayal considered as the largest and of greatest value


to beat severely, to give a severe thrashing


the other side, the opposite side or direction


the space in front of a house, the village street


a variety of wild tree with edible fruit


one who know how to read a person’s thoughts by his manner


to knock over, to push over, to knock down


stream, a valley, spaces between two mountains with a stream in it


skilful, to be expert, a skilled workman, a craftsman


an insect with many legs, a species of millipede, centipede


to get on top of, to be on top of, to sit upon, to mount, to ride, to embark, etc


to hold the arms and refuse to extend hands


ordinary, common, any sort of, every sort of, all sorts of


not easily breakable (thread, wire), tough


to be bewildered, perplexed, amazed, to be in a predicament


ill mannered, one who is always shouting angrily


to agree with or to, to consent, to permit


to attract, to suck up, to draw (a breath)


to stick on a pole, to make or set up a landmark, to hang, to paste on a wall


doubled, more than one thickness, in layers, one on top of another


an arrow, a dart; to upside down, to face upwards, lying on the back


one having a false pretence, cunning, clever


the name of a flowering tree the bark of which is used to make rope


dogs and fowls; a term use to referrers to individual or groups that are in constant disagreement


an indigestion problem due to mostly overeating


early soon, in front, before, prior to, ahead of


rape (of a woman by man), to commit adultery by force


to chop (with an axe), to hoe, to split wood with an axe


a heavy shower (of rain) accompanied by thunder


brave or patient under suffering, to endure pains patiently


the coarse or chaff of rice after husking


to bite, to snap (as a dog), to eat (as pig)


a particular form of fish catching practiced by Hmars in which 'ru' is crushed and soaked in the water and thereby intoxicating the fishes


one part of the different materials used in traditional Hmar hand weaving


to be prick or hurt by someone’s word (mentally)


to be in one's right mind, to be in one's former state of mind, to be of the same mind


a young woman entering a man’s house to be his wife; to forcefully enter into someone’s placed uninvited


a variety of thorny edible shrub found abundance in Manipur valley


under the blazing sunshine, in the scorching heat of summer (usually referring to how one use to work in the jhumfield)


a feast arranged on the day or after the death of a family member


the portion extended for jhum as it was partially burnt, a piece of forest cleared for jhum after the undergrowth has been burnt down


flour added in curry to make the gravy sticky


to let go in the front, to put up in the front


cheap, low in price, of small value; little, few


situation or position which the ‘super being’ decided for one


to be used to, to be familiar with, to be not afraid of


a rough stone use to rub human skin or body


a suffix use when the action is done by more than one or the action is performed by more than one (eg. hung ro = come; and, more than 1 person is being ask or told to come)


merely, uselessly, gratuitously, undeservedly, simply, causelessly


name of a disease (venereal disease), syphillis


to seize, to hold, to grasp, to capture, to win (a raffle or lottery)


the oily part becoming visible when cooked


in olden times, a long time ago, some time ago


bamboos going crosswise under the floor in a Hmar house, immediately above the kaldung


one after the other, in consecutive order, next to each other


maid of honour or the friend of a bride who stands as witness on her wedding day and accompany her on her maiden entry to her husband's house


a matter of day, in a matter of a single day


to get to know each other, knowing each other


meat cooked in such big pots in times of feast


the name of a tree with red blossoms and hairy banana-like fruit growing in clusters


a token item (mostly a hoe) given to the family of a girl by a boy’s family and initiate a marriage process


those that can withstand certain difficult and harsh situations


having so many people around, to be surrounded from all corners


lost, to be lost, away; to pass away, to cease to be or exist, to burn out (as fire), to disappear


to fall asleep while sitting or standing


where or which one use as a temporary base


a short or rough period of time of about half an hour measured from a time a Hmar can keep a sip of nicotine juice in his mouth


a sudden and intense feeling of fright, to receive a great shock or fright


the horizon, the utmost bounds of the earth


to give respect, to regard; to be interested in, to take interest in


to be friendly with, to have a good rapport with


to wave, to wave back with the hand, to wave the arm or anything horizontally


to thrust the arm into (as a hole, coat-sleeve, etc)


to seize by the throat; to squeeze in using the thumb on one side and the other fingers on the other side


an expression of a very far distance to the point of a horizon and where even the birds could not reach


a Hmar Biete sub clan; a Hmar Thriek sub clan


allowed, permitted, endorsed, within the law; clear (as atmosphere), clean, lawful, right, to be clear, to be clean


to dislike, detest (with no specific reason)


a sub clan under Banzang clan of Hmar Darngawn


name of children’s play in which they hold each other on the back like ‘simtir’ (a rat)


a measurement of land of approximately 2880 square feet or 0.0661 acres and which is in vogue among Hmars of Assam


to pour out (as a fluid, etc), to water plants


to be confused, to be at a loss what to do, to lose one's presence of mind


Tuo – adverbial suffix to denote ‘a meeting point’ (suktuo, tintuo, etc) ()


a mystery, a deep saying, meaningful words or sayings


to be disgraced, to lose one's good name


to be dazzled, to see one thing as if it were another, to see indistinctly


the yellow flower of a red pumpkin – a staple Hmar dish


to swing, to swing, to sway, to move back and forth; to cling on using the hand


to allow, to permit, to grant, to let to be willing to give


to look out for, to watch stealthily, to seize stealthily


to reach out the hand, to stretch, to reach, to arrive


a term used by Hmars to refer to the Dimasa tribes


different, to be changed, to be altered, dissimilar


a measure for a conical heap of rice the apex of which will be level with the end of a ‘tuthlaw’ held high above the head of an ordinary-sized man


to have the heat of the sun on one’s back


name of wild tree with lemon scented leaves


to risk one's life; to endanger oneself; at the peril of life


hard pressed, wretched, mistreated, cruel bondage


to have profit, to have reward, to have advantage


anything eaten between meals, light refreshment


to borrow (when the equivalent but not the thing itself is to be returned)


the name of a wild plant the leaves of which is large and often used for wrapping foods


the name of a fly, the discharge on the lashes during a cold in the eye


to spread (as fame), to become known, to be renowned, etc


rolled up, done up in a knot (as hair), etc


a party of people engaged in helping one another in jhumfield work


a plate made from ‘invong’ tree which is common in the olden days


difficult, complicated, tricky, not easy


the ember of fire, the sparkling red hot (wood, iron, etc)


having white hair, a term used to refer to old man with white hair


a death under extreme poverty (with a hint of ‘arsuktul’)


particular, fussy, to be particular, etc.


at fault, sin, bad, wicked, sinful, faulty, wrong, by mistake, in error, wrongly


to rejoice at another's misfortune, to gloat over because of misfortune, to mock or jeer or laugh at because of misfortune; to say that misfortune serves another right


a situation of extreme poverty wherein one is left with nothing to cook but just look at the fire in the hearth


to meet in a joyous mood, to assemble happily


materials for building, requisites, tools, instruments, etc


to be fortunate and get good specimen of anything


to shut, to close, to shut off, to present


one who is given to strike at someone with no rhymes and reason


good-natured, good-tempered, to be good-natured, etc


things what one wants, anything wished for, wanted or acceptable, acceptable, beloved


a quarrelsome, foolish, or bad person, a sinner


a term meant to describe the anger and desperate temperament when one’s lover move out with another


not at all, not a bit, under no circumstances


to fix a certain time, to fix a particular time


refund of bride price paid to a woman by her husband’s family as confirmation of separation or divorce initiated by the woman


a small weapon of a bamboo pipe and sharp object operated by blowing from the mouth


to feed, to tend, to support, to nurture; to jump


to make one uncomfortable, to offend, to punish


the gooseberry tree produces gooseberry fruit which literally means like father like son


use to refer to somebody who have an enormous talent but hardly used or exposed like a frog which has poisonous substances with it


a species of rice, used for making beer and spirits.


to visit someone in order to cheer them up in their time of grief and mourning


to salute, to shake hands, to worship (God), greetings


denoting that the subject that perform the action is big or large


a bead, a necklace, a bell worn by cattle


to extinguish or partially extinguish fire


the pride of prides, on which one pleased the most


a piece of cloth used to avoid heat while cooking


to be prim, to be painstaking, to be particular in dress, etc


one who is always active and ready to stand up work


to notch a tree when falling so as to ensure it falling in the desired direction; to investigate, to interrogate


a traditional wine or rice beer offered to public by the maternal uncles of a deceased


a grandmother, a maternal uncle's wife or daughter; madam, term use to show respect to women


to cut a notch, to mortise (using sharp iron)


to woe, to be sad, to be burdened, to be in dire strait


close colleague, mates, comrades, associates, a colleague in all time


going astray (especially from good to bad)


to have one’s threatening speech menacing


mine (denoting ownership or possession); (ka ta = mine; I ta = yours)


the Barak (the biggest and most important river that flows through Hmarland of the present generation)


to live to see one’s great great grandchild


to keep from, to prevent, to stop, to obstruct


a sub clan under Hmar Lawitlang Hrangchal


to kill and enemy; to bring home the head of an enemy; to be a victor


a young woman either divorced or widowed (opposite gender of ‘pathlawi’)


to pelt one another (verbally or physically with stone, etc)


a form of wrapping a cloth over the waist and between the legs


in a resting position (of animal or human when unwell), to lie on the face


coarse or rough in nature and behaviour (human)


alike, similar, identical, resembling, equal


irresponsible and thoughtless words; (v) to speak in immature and irresponsible manner, to speak boastfully for no purpose or cause or reason


to fall out, to come out (as teeth, horns), to pull out (as tooth)


to cut a notch, to mortise (using sharp iron)


to contract or catch (a disease), to have (a disease)


to feed the fire, to put on (wood on fire), to stoke


a sacrificial post upon which the skull of pig is posted


the protruding or projecting end of anything, exceptionally higher, taller, bigger than the rest of


to reflect on, to examine, to scrutinize


the name of a small tree, the flowers of which grows along the branches


to wrestle, to struggle; to play with or to tire out animal (cow, buffalo or mithun)


a situation of weakness or feeling of dizziness experience by a young baby as the mother is about to bear a child again; the situation experience by a young man after hearing that he is impregnating a woman


diversion of river or stream waters using improvised bamboo in jhum lands


sight, vision, power of sight, ability to see


the horizontal pole place over ‘thruomkak’


to feel for food, a desire for food after illness or without it for some time


to discuss or consult each other on an issue


a bunch of cotton thread, a pack of wool


a Meitei originated term for spices of different items


to speak against, to slander, to accuse another


a measure of a conical heap of paddy the apex of which will be level with the crown of an ordinary sized man's head


to be satisfied with what one eats, satiated


to pile up, to put one on top of another, one on top of another


a couple’s first visit of the wife’s family


the left out or discarded rice from which beer is brewed


a Mithun's horn used as musical instrument


French mustard (the seed of which was believed to brought home by those who went as far as French during World War I)


derived from a Hindi term which mostly means clever, cunning, etc


to surround, to besiege; reserve, to reserve, to engage


expression of instable position like a fowl that is blown by a strong gust


to criticise or speak against one’s family, friends or party


a measurement of area of a smallest size, a small size plot of land


a poet or one who is talented or skilled in composing songs, poem


literally a fight in which the fighters pull each other’s hair


to establish, to build, to reform, uphold


ways and means, the usual way, a definite order


rafters under the roof of a house running lengthways and lying immediately above the kalkhang


to spare nothing, to cut down everything


of little or no value, of little or no use


a cloth used to wrap around the waist by men


a hireling, one who works for wages (v), to work for wages


to disturbed, to destroy beyond redemption


brisk in walking, fast walking, present everywhere


lovely and beautiful (woman), well or impressive built (man)


to be unsophisticated, to be ignorant of the mode of life, thought, habit, ways


to fill in (as a hole), to insert, to tamp


greasy, glossy, sleek, to be greasy, etc


ready and already, an affix signifying already made or done


a full grown male, to arrive at the age of puberty, to be of age


those who took Christian revival to the extreme and go astray or move out from the normal church doctrine and establish their own and almost similar with ‘cult’; ‘high revivalist’ is another term use to refer to this group of people


name of wild plant the leaf of which is edible


an elevated wooden platform temporarily constructed for woodcutters to have better movement and position in their job at hand or for hunters to wait and watch for their targets


the hill tribes, high hills of great elevation, etc.


to be received with approbation, to be liked


hangover of one’s alcoholic drink of the previous night


to put a lid on a pot when boiling on the fire to keep the steam in, humid


to have leisure, to be ready for a specific work or purpose


articles brought by a bride for the sisters of the groom in a Hmar marriage


uneven, not smooth (cloth), which needs smoothening or ironing (cloth)


to maim, to injure, to wound, to disable


to suffocate by stopping the nose and mouth


tempting (to the mouth), appetizing, nice looking (to eat)


one who is slow and reluctant to stand up and work


to assist a person to do anything in exchange for similar help received or to be received


to discuss, to deliberate upon, to seriously discuss


to quietly and secretively excluded someone


to float in the air (smoke, cloud), to appear (rainbow)


as, like, as much as, same size as, to be equal in size


to be overconfident and paid the price for it


to command, to give permission; n. commandment, order


a general assembly of all heads of family of a Hmar traditional village in the beginning of a year to discuss and select jhum site or any other relevant issues


car; between, the space between, the place between; week (the short form of ‘chawlkar’)


a Mithun's head usually hanged on the entrance side of a Hmar house


a young widow or divorced young woman or man


to totally or fully submit oneself to someone else


to tame, to domesticate, (flowers or animals)


an attendant, a companion on a journey, a supporter, one who looks after another's interests


to use up, to consume, to waste, to eat a lot of


the name of a creeper with a bean-like fruit


the heaven falling (an expression of extreme distress), to be suddenly or unexpectedly overtaken by misery


angling; to fish with fishing rod and hook


to usurp or take the place of, to supersede, to excel, to eclipse


the main bride price collected by the girl’s father in a traditional bride price payment (further divided to kinsman)


to have someone upon whom to rely or fall back upon


to take or hold in the hand, to hold up, to wave


a reserve forest mainly on the outskirt of a Hmar village


to put together somebody which cannot match or go with or is compatible


dry, to decrease, to evaporate, to dry up


community labour, work done by public, a social work


a term generally used for female/she animals, birds, etc, after having had young ones


desires of the heart, to express one's desires or wish


tired, exposed or subjected to friction or wear, and tear, to be tired, etc


a ritual performed when someone killed wild and ferocious animals


a boaster, a braggart, one who always boast of himself


to tie in an ordinary knot, an ordinary knot


one who living amongst people of different tribe or clan or race as individual or as family


a flat rock surface arranged for the leader of a singing party to sit during Sikpui festival in a pre-Christian era Hmar society (one of such is still available in Zopui, near Senvon in Manipur where Sikpui was said to be last celebrated till late 19th century)


to set a trap; to support from underneath, to prop up, to prevent rolling by wedging


the amount refunded from bride price to show that the woman still have attachment with her paternal family


an otter, a semi-aquatic fish-eating mammal


to steal, secretly, slyly, on the sly, stealthily


sacred place, haunted place, a place abandoned


to fix in the mind, to take special notice of so as to remember


to fall from a height, to fall down, to be degraded; to last, to be sufficient, to last to the end; to graze, to pasture, to search for food; to set as sun; to sink (in water)


earthworks for fortification, an entrenchment


the main culprit or accused in any trouble or problem or issue


water brash, excess accumulation of saliva in the mouth


occasion, time (tuta trum – this time or this occasion; trum hni – two occasions)


the upper or higher side (of a house on a hill side)


chief cabinet member of a traditional Hmar village administration


a fine imposed in Hmar traditional justice system


small petai bean, smaller and less bitter variety of ‘zawngtra’


a new term for a young woman who is no more married


not consenting to, not agreeing to, to be vexed, annoyed, displeased or discontent


to regard, to attend, to pay attention to


a poetic name of bayonet, javelin or spear


good tempered, good natured, to be good natured, etc


to rub clean, to rub (as the feet on a mat or scraper)


to feed, to give something to eat, to make someone eat


like ‘ly’ in English (inrang takin = quickly; muong takin = slowly)


far apart, to be far apart, occasionally, at long intervals, seldom


with great difficulty, by sweat and blood, so as to be bathed in sweat due to physical activity


an expression to tell or show close connection (as real brother or sister)


to give grief and bitterness, distress, trouble, misery, etc


unselfishness, self-sacrifice, self-denial, perseverance; an untranslatable term binding all to be hospitable, kind, unselfish and helpful to others: a moral force which finds expression in the self-sacrifice for the service of others


to be linked together, to be hooked together


to be wanting in courage or heroism when in pain or difficulties, fussy or impatient in sickness or suffering


to butt (as goat), to knock with the head, to knock the head against


a thing of similarity in a distance or a far


to kill by poisoning someone’s food or drinks, to poison to death


a citizen, a subject or subjects of a chief


to be in complete mess and disorder, a total chaos, delirium


calf, the big and thick portion of the leg (backside) below the knee


a messenger of negative news or information


the ear of grain or maize; (v) to ear as grain or maize


a fluent person, a chatterbox, fluent, etc


completely (time), to be on forever, permanently


to shut close with someone or something in it


to mutter, to murmur, to talk to one's self, to grumble, to find fault with


the fruit of the worm which refers to one’s offspring


when one can no longer bear a child, a post menopause


to make something stand on one end leaning against something, to prop up in a vertical position


the name of animals regarded as the king of tigers


to measure, to compare, to weigh, to balance


the different parts of cooked animal meats prepared for witnesses of a traditional marriage (2 or 3 from both the parties)


the animal or offerings made to ratify a treaty or reconciliation


a ghost or evil spirit which hops about on its head with its feet in the air (a pre-Christian era Hmar believes that it is human being in which a ghost entered in the night and do the act and, a person seeing another person treated in this manner is bound to be followed by misfortune and death)


every nook and corner, every rhymes and reasons


a defendant or plaintiff in a law case, a fellow


the name of a plant with edible leaves and blossoms


regarding, respecting, with regard to, concerning about


whole length, straight and long bar or rope, etc (mafu tluon = a bar of sugarcane; thir tluon = a full-length iron bar; kekor tluon = long pant)


giving or gifting away of one’s share to another


at loss, to bewildered, to have nowhere to go


to disperse and go to one’s respective destination, to disperse in different directions


flavouring, seasoning, anything to make food tasty


to separate (as cotton, long hair, etc), to pluck (such things as maize, grass for brooms, rushes, reeds, etc)


basis, foothold, reason, excuse, pretext


the name of a creeper plant the leaf of which is often use to dye locally produce cotton reels


a male born with but one or no testicles


to lift up on end, to raise, to turn over (as page of book, etc)


rail, railing, which one can hold and rely on it


a sacrificial pole upon which the skull of a gayal is planted


a good smell or odour (like perfume), fragrance


to use up, to spend (as money, strength, etc), to give as a price


to roast or toast so as to burn, to scorch much, to burn


inflammation on the sole of the foot cause by excess walking


the higher side of a hilly road (like a retaining wall)


a joint (as of fingers, bamboo, etc), a verse of a song or poem or the Bible; trap, a snare


small species of broken rice produced in the process of pounding


a cock crowing late in the night which signals young boys to return home from their night roaming


the name of a game played by boys with ‘pawi’


to be dispersed, to be scattered, to be scattered abroad, etc


the name of a small sand-burrowing insect


in which one pays attention to, one’s interest, one’s concern; taste


forgetful, absentminded, to be forgetful


ending words with the exception of, except, but


a variety of wild tree the fruit of which is edible and also often use for baids in bird traps


the dead body of an animal the slayer of which or the cause of death of which is unknown


one’s all, all what one have, all what one possesses


one who keep on shifting his place or dwelling place like a cat did with her kitten


to move on one side (as the body or head), to turn head, to lean on one side (as body or head), to be lopsided


an elevated wooden platform temporarily constructed by hunters to wait for their targets


a phrase often used to describe the British emperor literally meaning that ‘the sun never set on the empire’


to boast of, to brag, show off, talk big


name of edible wild fruit having juicy flower


a poetical term for ‘a young unmarried lady’


provocative, offending, aggravate (words)


to trample upon, to oppress, to hold in bondage, to look down upon, to despise


the name of various species of begonia plant


the early morning, dawn when the horizon lights up


matching, suitable with, harmonious with


to leave and go home (while others are still there)


to engage (in manual work), to employ, to use someone’s service


a four-cornered mat made from split bamboo and used for drying edible items of bigger particles in the sun or above hearth


the general theme of a conversation or chat


a man or woman basket made to carry paddy or small items


the term used to refer to Bengalese or mainland Indians who are mostly thin and tall


a witch, a wizard, a sorcerer, a magician


a dream in which one dreams that one is dreaming


a temporary hut in the jungle to spend the night in


sound (of extreme noise further determined by the size of the subject)


name of a creeper with curled up hook-shaped thorns


fire crackers (associated with festivals)


name of a traditional ritual performed by family members of a death after two or three lunar months so as to mark the final separation of the death and the livings


to swallow the wrong way, or so as to choke, to catch one's breath


to put on someone else’ head (a hat, a cap, a head gear, etc), to crown


the name of a plant with edible leaves; name of a colour


to pile up, to put one on top of another


at first, first of all, at the beginning


the name of a species of tree whose trunk dust is irritating to human body


a large male wild boar that sets alone in the jungle


to cock a gun, to force or pull open, to open or be open (as the legs, earth, cut, etc.)


a clan of the common people, backward tribe


to make preparations (for feast, festivals), to have a program in advance


matching, corresponding (in pattern or design)


to shut from outside (with something or someone) inside, to shut the door in order to prevent one from going out


to go or walk backwards and forwards or to and fro


the soften liquid or water when rice is cooked


a swelling, to come into a bump, an excrescence


the skull of animal which is often use a symbol of greatness


to throw open for cultivation or for settlement area


to be on the bosom of another man or woman


to fillip using the fingers, to strike using only the fingers (in carom games)


to turn down (the volume), to turn down (as a lamp)


to demand forcefully, to force into service


the cut off piece of a warp of a woven cloth


touchy, easily made angry, quick-tempered, etc.


one who is good and ever ready for argument


the seed of a creeper which is used as play thing for children


to devote oneself, to surrender in full, to consecrate oneself


a woman’s clipper (usually a porcupine’s hair)


anything which facilitates climbing a tree, stairs, crossing a river; to be infected with, to catch or get (a disease from someone else) by infection; to attend school


a man who goes to live in his wife's house


to gossip, to be talkative, to divulge a secret


to erect a fence when a gayal already enters meaning - to do things or say something when it is already late and of no use


in a reckless manner, in an irresponsible manner


the flat areas on the front of a house, one’s local area


faithful, sincere, reliable, trustworthy, honest


a species of deer found only in Manipur valley


a sling, a catapult made of rubber and wood; a pellet bow made of split bamboo


to be at enmity with, to be bitter against, to hate, to have a grudge