hllj/quesmed huggingface dataset:
What area of the heart does the structure labelled supply? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The right marginal artery arises from the right coronary artery. The right marginal artery travels along the right and inferior border of the heart, supplying both the right ventricle and the apex.
name: Right ventricle and apex
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The left coronary artery first branches to give the left anterior descending artery. It then continues and gives rise to the left circumflex and left marginal artery. The circumflex artery supplies the left atrium and the left ventricle. The left ventricle also receives blood from the left coronary, left anterior descending and left marginal arteries (and from the posterior interventricular artery, which arises from the right coronary artery in the majority of people). The anterior ventricular septum is supplied by the left anterior descending artery.
name: Anterior ventricular septum
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The right coronary artery is marked here and is a major branch of the hearts blood supply. It supplies both right atrium and ventricle. The left atrium is supplied by branches from the left coronary artery, namely the left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery.
Left atrium and left ventricle
name: Left atrium
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The left marginal artery is a branch of the left circumflex artery. The left marginal artery contributes to the blood supply of the left posterior and lateral ventricle.
name: Lateral left ventricle
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The right coronary artery is marked here. The right coronary artery supplies the right side of the heart, including the right atrium and ventricle. The right ventricle also receives blood from the right marginal artery. The right coronary artery also supplies the sinoatrial node (via the sinoatrial nodal artery) and atrioventricular node (via the atrioventricular nodal artery) in the majority of people (60% and 85% respectively).
name: Right atrium
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure marked by the arrow? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The left common carotid artery is indicated by the arrow. The left common carotid artery arises directly from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery arises from the bifurcation of the aortic arch. Both common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) to form the external and internal carotid arteries, which supply the head, face and neck.
name: Provides arterial blood supply to the head, face and neck
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The left common carotid artery is indicated by the arrow. The left common carotid artery arises directly from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery arises from the bifurcation of the aortic arch. Both common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) to form the external and internal carotid arteries, which supply the head, face and neck. Venous drainage of the neck is provided by the internal and external jugular veins and the vertebral veins. The external jugular vein terminates by draining into the subclavian vein. The internal jugular vein then unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. The brachiocephalic vein eventually becomes the superior vena cava, which drains into the right atrium.
name: Carries venous blood back towards the heart
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The left common carotid artery is indicated by the arrow. The left common carotid artery arises directly from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery arises from the bifurcation of the aortic arch. Both common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) to form the external and internal carotid arteries, which supply the head, face and neck.
name: Carries arterial blood towards the heart
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The left common carotid artery is indicated by the arrow. The left common carotid artery arises directly from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery arises from the bifurcation of the aortic arch. Both common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) to form the external and internal carotid arteries, which supply the head, face and neck. Venous drainage of the neck is provided by the internal and external jugular veins and the vertebral veins.
name: Provide venous blood supply to the head, face and neck.
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The left common carotid artery is indicated by the arrow. The left common carotid artery arises directly from the aortic arch, whilst the right common carotid artery arises from the bifurcation of the aortic arch. Both common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage (C4) to form the external and internal carotid arteries, which supply the head, face and neck.
name: Provide arterial blood supply to the head only
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What vertebral level does the labelled structure pass through the diaphragm? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The inferior vena cava is labelled and passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T8.
name: T9
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The inferior vena cava is labelled and passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T8. The oesophagus passes through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm (which corresponds to the level of T10).
name: T10
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The inferior vena cava is labelled and passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T8. The aorta passes through at T12.
name: T12
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The inferior vena cava is labelled and passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T8.
name: T7
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The inferior vena cava is labelled and passes through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of T8.
name: T8
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
What vertebral level does the labelled structure arise from? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The right crus is labelled here and arises from vertebral level L1-3.
name: L1-L4
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The right crus is labelled here and arises from vertebral level L1-3. The left crus arises from L1-2 level.
name: L1-2
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The right crus is labelled here and arises from vertebral level L1-3.
name: T12-L1
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The right crus is labelled here and arises from the intervertebral discs at the level of L1-3.
name: L1-3
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The right crus is labelled here and arises from vertebral level L1-3.
name: L2-3
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the structure labelled? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The tricuspid valve is labelled, which site between the right atrium and right ventricle (and is therefore termed an atrioventricular valve). It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right atrium from the right ventricle.
name: Prevents blood from flowing to the right atrium
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The aortic valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta. The aortic valve has a semilunar shape.
name: Prevents blood from flowing to the left ventricle
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The mitral valve (another atrioventricular valve), sits between the left atrium and left ventricle. It prevents blood flowing backwards from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Unlike the tricuspid valve, the mitral valve has only two cusps (and may often be termed the bicuspid valve).
name: Prevents blood from flowing to the left atrium
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The tricuspid valve is labelled, which sits between the right atrium and right ventricle (and is therefore termed an atrioventricular valve). It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right atrium from the right ventricle. There are *no* valves between the SVC and the right atrium.
name: Prevents blood flowing back into the superior vena cava
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The tricuspid valve is labelled, which site between the right atrium and right ventricle (and is therefore termed an atrioventricular valve). It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right atrium from the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is the semilunar valve, which sits between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. It prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.
name: Prevents blood from flowing to the right ventricle
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the following statements correctly describes the labelled structure? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The crista terminalis is a **muscular** structure separating the internal surface of the right atrium.
name: The crista terminalis is a cartilaginous structure that separates the interior surface of the structure labelled.
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The coronary sinus receives coronary venous blood from the heart and opens into the right atrium. The main tributaries of the coronary sinus are the great cardiac vein, the small cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein and the posterior cardiac vein.
name: The coronary sinus opens directly into the structure.
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The atrium proper is located anterior to the crista terminalis and includes the right auricle. It is an embryological derivative of the primitive atrium.
name: The atrium proper is located posterior to the crista terminalis.
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The sinus venarum is located *posterior* to the crista terminalis of the right atrium. The sinus venarum forms part of the interior surface of the right atrium. It receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and is derived embryologically from the sinus venosus.
name: The sinus venarum is located anterior to the crista terminalis.
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The coronary sulcus opens between the **inferior** vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice of the right atrium.
name: The coronary sulcus opens between the superior vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice.
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the following creates an impression on the labelled anatomical structure? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The inferior lobe of the left lobe is labelled and contains an impression of the descending and thoracic aorta. The superior lobe has more prominent impressions of the arch of the aorta and the heart.
name: Arch of aorta
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The right lung has an impression of the inferior vena cava. The labelled structure here is the inferior lobe of the left lung which has a thoracic aorta impression.
name: Inferior vena cava
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The right lung has an impression of the superior vena cava. The labelled structure here is the inferior lobe of the left lung which has a thoracic aorta impression.
name: Superior vena cava
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The inferior lobe of the left lung is labelled and contains an impression of the descending thoracic aorta. The superior lobe has more prominent impressions from the arch of the aorta and the heart.
name: Thoracic aorta
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The right lung has an impression of the azygous vein. The labelled structure here is the inferior lobe of the left lung which has a thoracic aorta impression.
name: Azygous vein
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the following correctly describes the function of the labelled structure? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The left inferior pulmonary vein is labelled. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood towards the lung to collect oxygen.
name: Carries oxygenated blood towards the lungs
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The left inferior pulmonary vein is labelled. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry oxygenated rather than deoxygenated blood!
name: Carries oxygenated blood towards the heart
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The left inferior pulmonary vein is labelled. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood towards the lung to collect oxygen.
name: Carries oxygenated and deoxygenated blood towards the heart
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The left inferior pulmonary vein is labelled. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood towards the lung to collect oxygen.
name: Carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The left inferior pulmonary vein is labelled. Oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the heart via the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood towards the lung to collect oxygen.
name: Carries deoxygenated blood towards the lungs
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the following ligaments attaches to the bony prominence labelled? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. The ligamentum flavum helps to maintain upright posture and helps preserve the normal curvature of the spine.
name: Ligamentum flavum
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The iliolumbar ligament is a specific feature of the lumbar spine. It runs from the transverse process of L5. To the posterior iliac wing and the crest of the ilium. The iliolumbar ligament therefore helps to maintain the alignment of L5 on the sacrum during movement.
name: Iliolumbar
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The anterior longitudinal ligament covers the anterior surface of the vertebral body surfaces to prevent hyperextension.
name: Anterior longitudinal
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The posterior longitudinal ligament covers the posterior vertebral body surfaces to prevent hyperflexion.
name: Posterior longitudinal
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The interspinous ligaments connect the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae to provide support. They stabilise the spine and limit flexion.
name: Interspinous
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the bony prominence labelled by the arrow [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The superior articular process and facet are labelled. They allow for articulation with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above.
name: Superior facet
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The spinous processes projects posteroinferiorly from each thoracic vertebra. They are longer in the thoracic spine than other regions of the spine. The spinous processes serve as an attachment site for many muscles and ligaments.
name: Spinous process
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The laminae connect the transverse and spinous processes together.
name: Lamina
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The transverse processes extend outwards laterally on either side of the vertebrae. The transverse processes serves as a site of attachment for various muscles and ligaments and therefore help support the vertebral column.
name: Transverse process
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The pedicles connect the transverse processes to the body of the vertebrae.
name: Pedicle
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the structure that is labelled? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The left superior pulmonary vein is labelled. It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back towards the heart.
name: Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The left superior pulmonary vein is labelled. It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back towards the heart. The bronchial arteries supply oxygen to the lung parenchyma. The bronchial arteries arise directly from the aorta and the intercostal arteries.
name: Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The left superior pulmonary vein is labelled. It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back towards the heart. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to collect oxygen and then oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins back towards the heart.
name: Carry deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The left superior pulmonary vein is labelled. It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back towards the heart. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to collect oxygen and then oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins back towards the heart.
name: Carry deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The left superior pulmonary vein is labelled. It carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back towards the heart. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to collect oxygen and then oxygenated blood leaves the lungs via the pulmonary veins back towards the heart.
name: Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the statements describe the labelled structure? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The interventricular septum sits between the right and left ventricle. It can be further divided into a muscular portion and a membranous portion. The interventricular septum essentially marks the boundary between the left and right ventricles. The membranous portion is where most defects of the septum can occur.
name: Contains an interventricular septum within its walls
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle towards the lungs to collect oxygen. The four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart, and empty directly into the left atrium.
name: The structure receives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary arteries.
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The left atrium is labelled. The four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart, and empty directly into the left atrium. The four pulmonary veins drain the following regions:
* Right superior pulmonary vein: right upper and middle lobes
* Right inferior pulmonary vein: right lower lobe
* Left superior pulmonary vein: left upper lobe
* Left inferior pulmonary vein: left lower lobe
name: The structure receives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary veins.
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This answer describes the tricuspid valve, which is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous bands of tissue that join the valve leaflets and papillary muscles to allow for valve leaflet closure.
name: The structure has a valve containing 3 cusps and chordae tendineae.
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This describes the outflow portion of the left ventricle, which is also known as the aortic vestibule. Embryologically, this region originates from the bulbus cordis.
name: It is a derivative of the bulbus cordis
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
At which rib level, does the labelled structure run downwards to meet the oblique fissure? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The horizontal fissure of the right lung is labelled. This runs from the sternum at the level of the 4th rib until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses the right 5th rib.
name: 6th rib
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The horizontal fissure of the right lung is labelled. This runs from the sternum at the level of the 4th rib until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses the right 5th rib.
name: 5th rib
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The horizontal fissure of the right lung is labelled. This runs from the sternum at the level of the 4th rib until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses the right 5th rib.
name: 3rd rib
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The horizontal fissure of the right lung is labelled. This runs from the sternum at the level of the 4th rib until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses the right 5th rib.
name: 4th rib
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The horizontal fissure of the right lung is labelled. This runs from the sternum at the level of the 4th rib until it meets the oblique fissure as it crosses the right 5th rib.
name: 7th rib
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the structure that is labelled by the blue arrow [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The intermediate bronchus is labelled here on the right lung hilum. The hilum of the right lung contains the intermediate bronchus, right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the right pulmonary artery and superior lobar bronchus. At the hilum, the pulmonary veins sit most inferiorly, surrounded by bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.
name: Right inferior pulmonary vein
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The intermediate bronchus is labelled here on the right lung hilum. The hilum of the right lung contains the intermediate bronchus, right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the right pulmonary artery and superior lobar bronchus. At the hilum, the pulmonary veins sit most inferiorly, surrounded by bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.
name: Right superior pulmonary vein
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The intermediate bronchus is labelled here on the right lung hilum. The hilum of the right lung contains the intermediate bronchus, right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the right pulmonary artery and superior lobar bronchus. The intermediate bronchus eventually bifurcates into the right middle lobe and right lower lobe bronchi within the hilum.
name: Intermediate bronchus
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The intermediate bronchus is labelled here on the right lung hilum. The hilum of the right lung contains the intermediate bronchus, right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the right pulmonary artery and superior lobar bronchus. The left pulmonary artery sits superiorly in the left lung hilum.
name: Left pulmonary artery
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The intermediate bronchus is labelled here on the right lung hilum. The hilum of the right lung contains the intermediate bronchus, right superior and inferior pulmonary veins, the right pulmonary artery and superior lobar bronchus. At the hilum, the pulmonary veins sit most inferiorly, surrounded by bronchopulmonary lymph nodes.
name: Left inferior pulmonary vein
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a