hllj/quesmed huggingface dataset:
The muscle highlighted by the blue arrow is innervated by which nerve?

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Options:
explanation: The ulnar nerve innervates some of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus) and most of the intrinsic hand muscles.
name: Ulnar nerve
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The muscle the arrow is points to is the biceps. The biceps has 2 heads that arise from the supraglenoid tubercle and the coracoid process of the scapula. this muscle is found in the anterior compartment of the arm and innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve.
name: Musculocutaneous nerve
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The radial nerve innervates the triceps in the arm.
name: Radial nerve
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The median nerve does not have any motor innervation in the axilla or the upper arm.
name: Median nerve
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The axillary nerve supplies the deltoid and the teres minor.
name: Axillary nerve
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which option below describes the sensory function of the highlighted nerve?

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Options:
explanation: The dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervates the medial one and a half fingers on the dorsal surface
name: Innervates the medial one and a half fingers on the dorsal surface of the hand
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin over the dorsal aspect of the lateral three and half fingers up to the terminal interphalangeal joints.
name: Innervates the medial one and a half fingers on the palmar surface
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin over the dorsolateral aspect of the hand.
name: Innervates the dorsolateral aspect of the hand
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin over the dorsal aspect of the lateral three and half finger up to the terminal interphalangeal joints.
name: Innervates the lateral 3 and a half fingers on the dorsal surface up to the terminal interphalangeal joints
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The arrow indicates the median nerve which is formed by the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus in the axilla. The sensory branches include the palmar cutaneous branch and the digital cutaneous branch which innervates the lateral aspect of the palm and the palmar aspect of the lateral three and a half fingers. It also innervates the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanges of the lateral three and a half fingers.
name: Innervates the lateral three and a half fingers on the palmar surface, and the dorsal surface of the finger tips, of the same fingers
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The cephalic vein crosses the anatomical snuffbox in the hand and courses superficial to the radial styloid process to travel along the anterolateral aspect of the forearm and arm.
name: Cephalic vein
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The radial artery is a deeper structure, and lies on the surface of the radius. It passes across the floor of the anatomical snuffbox lying on the scaphoid and trapezium.
name: Radial artery
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The median nerve travels between the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis in the forearm and passes through the carpal tunnel to enter the hand.
name: Median nerve
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The radial nerve is located posterior compartment of the forearm and divides into the superficial and deep branches. In the distal forearm, the superficial branch of the radial nerve enters the roof of the anatomical snuffbox.
name: Radial nerve
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle. In the forearm the ulnar nerve is located deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris.
name: Ulnar nerve
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the structured labelled by the blue arrow?

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Options:
explanation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin over the dorsal aspect of the lateral three and a half fingers up to the terminal interphalangeal joints. This nerve is located on the dorsal aspect of the hand.
name: Sensory supply to the skin over lateral three and a half fingers on the dorsal surface up to the terminal interphalangeal joints
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates the skin over the dorsolateral aspect of the hand.
name: Sensory supply to the skin over dorsolateral aspect of the hand
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The digital cutaneous branch of the median nerve innervates the skin over distal phalanges of the lateral three and a half fingers.
name: Sensory supply to the skin over distal phalanges of the lateral three and a half fingers
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The arrow points to the ulnar nerve. The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supplies the skin over the little finger and the medial aspect of the ring finger.
name: Sensory supply to the skin over the medial one and a half fingers
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The digital cutaneous branch of the median nerve innervates the palmar aspect of the lateral three and a half fingers. This nerve is located more lateral to the ulnar nerve.
name: Sensory supply to the skin over lateral three and a half fingers on the palmar surface
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the bony landmark indicated by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The lesser tubercle is located at the proximal end of the humerus. The image is showing the distal end at the elbow joint.
name: Lesser tubercle
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image is showing an elbow joint with the arrow pointing to the capitulum of the humerus which is located lateral to the trochlea. The capitulum articulates with the radial head.
name: Capitulum
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The medial epicondyle is located superomedial to the medial condyle. The arrow is located at the lateral aspect of the elbow joint whereas the medial epicondyle would be on the medial/ulnar side.
name: Medial epicondyle
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The trochlea is the structure located medial to the arrow. It is shaped like a pulley and articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.
name: Trochlea
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The greater tubercle is located at the proximal end of the humerus. The image is showing the distal end at the elbow joint.
name: Greater tubercle
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which vein is located in the passageway that is indicated by the arrow?

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Options:
explanation: The small saphenous vein is located in the posterior aspect of the leg and drains into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa.
name: Small saphenous vein
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The arrow indicates the adductor canal, a narrow tunnel located in the medial aspect of the thigh. It contains the femoral artery, femoral vein and saphenous nerve.
name: Femoral vein
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The posterior tibial vein is located more distally and it terminates at the level of the popliteus muscle, where it joins the anterior tibial vein to form the popliteal vein.
name: Posterior tibial vein
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein posterior to the inguinal ligament. The location of the image shown in the question is more distal to the inguinal ligament.
name: External iliac vein
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The great saphenous vein is a superficial vein in the leg and drains into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction.
name: Great saphenous vein
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the structure labelled by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: Saphenous nerve passes through the adductor canal, and pierces deep fascia to become cutaneous around the knee joint. It is therefore not found in the popliteal fossa.
name: Saphenous nerve
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The common fibular nerve travels on the medial border of the biceps femoris muscle and winds around the neck of the fibula. The arrow is pointing to the tibial nerve, which is located more medially.
name: Common fibular nerve
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This image shows the popliteal fossa, which is located at the posterior aspect of the knee. The sciatic nerve bifurcates into the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve at the superior border of the popliteal fossa. The arrow indicates the tibial nerve which is located more medially.
name: Tibial nerve
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The sciatic nerve bifurcates at the superior aspect of the popliteal fossa into the tibial and the common fibular nerve.
name: Sciatic nerve
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The superficial fibular nerve arises at the neck of the neck of the fibula distal to the popliteal fossa. It then descends down the lateral compartment of the leg to enter the dorsum of the foot.
name: Superficial fibular nerve
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the labelled muscle

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Options:
explanation: The image is showing the tarsal tunnel with the arrow labelling the flexor hallucis longus muscle which is the most posterior structure in this passageway. Contents in the tarsal tunnel (from anterior to posterior as they pass posterior to the medial malleolus) can be remembered with the mnemonic "Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry":

- **T**ibialis posterior
- Flexor **D**igitorum longus
- Posterior tibial **A**rtery
- Posterior tibial **V**ein
- Tibial **N**erve
- Flexor **H**allucis longus
name: Flexor hallucis longus
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The flexor digitorum longus tendon is located more anterior in the tarsal tunnel just posterior to the tibialis posterior tendon.
name: Flexor digitorum longus
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The tibial nerve is located anterior to the flexor hallucis longus and the arrow is pointing to a tendon rather than a nerve.
name: Tibial nerve
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The tibialis posterior tendon is located more anterior in the tarsal tunnel
name: Tibialis posterior
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The posterior tibial artery is located just posterior to the flexor digitroum longus tendon. The posterior tibial artery lies more anterior than the flexor hallucis longus. In this photograph, the arrow is pointing to a muscle rather than a vessel.
name: Posterior tibial artery
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the bony landmark highlighted by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The lesser trochanter is a posteromedial projection of the femur located inferior to the junction of the femoral shaft and the neck of femur. The psoas major inserts onto the lesser trochanter.
name: Lesser trochanter
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The neck of the femur connects the head and body of the femur. It is a superomedial projection from the shaft.
name: The neck of the femur
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is a photograph of the femur. The arrow is pointing to the greater trochanter. This is a bony projection located superiorly, to the junction between the femoral shaft and the neck of the femur. The greater trochanter is a key insertion site for many muscles including gluteus minimus, obturator internus and gemelli muscles, gluteus medius and piriformis.
name: Greater trochanter
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The head of the femur is the smooth, spherical proximal end of the femur. It articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone, to form the hip joint.
name: Head of the femur
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The lateral condyle is a rounded area located at the distal end of the femur at the lateral aspect.
name: Lateral condyle
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which of the options below best describes the action of the structure labelled by the arrow?

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Options:
explanation: The quadriceps tendon is located at the knee joint and therefore involved in the movement of this joint. The quadriceps muscles produce extension at the knee joint.
name: Extension of the hip joint
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The arrow indicates the quadriceps tendon. This is where the four quadriceps muscles (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and rectus femoris) insert onto the patella. These muscles are involved in the extension of the knee joint.
name: Extension of the knee joint
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The quadriceps tendon is formed by the four quadriceps muscles, which act to produce extension at the  knee joint, rather than the hip joint.
name: Flexion of the knee joint
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The biceps femoris is involved in the lateral rotation of the knee joint however this muscle does not contribute to the quadriceps tendon.
name: Lateral rotation of the knee joint
label: e
answer: no
explanation: Here the arrow is pointing to the quadriceps tendon. The quadriceps tendon is located at the knee joint and is therefore involved in the movement of this joint (extension). The rectus femoris however, produces flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.
name: Flexion of the hip joint
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the structure indicated by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The interosseous membrane is a fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans between the tibial and fibular shafts.
name: Interosseous membrane
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments attach the femur to the tibia. They provide stability to the knee and prevent the femur sliding backwards on the tibia.
name: Cruciate ligaments
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The iliotibial tract is a thickened band of deep fascia located on the lateral aspect of the thigh. Iliotibial band syndrome is a common cause of lateral knee pain in runners.
name: Iliotibial tract
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The medial and lateral collateral ligaments are found at the knee joint to stabilise the hinge motion.
name: Collateral ligament
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The fascia lata is a strong fascial sheath that envelops the muscles of the thigh. The fascia lata is the site of insertion for the gluteus maximus and the tensor fascia latae. It provides stability to the knee in flexion and extension.
name: Fascia lata
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the bony landmark indicated by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The neck of the fibula is located just inferior to the head. The common fibular nerve wraps around the neck of the fibula. This is important clinically as the common fibular nerve may become compressed if a tight lower limb plaster cast is applied. If this occurs, the patient would present with foot drop.
name: Neck of the fibula
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The styloid process extends superiorly from the head of the fibula
name: Styloid process of the fibula
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image is showing the fibula not the tibia
name: Tibial shaft
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The medial malleolus is located at the distal end of the tibia
name: The medial malleolus
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The lateral malleolus is located at the distal end of the fibula
name: Lateral malleolus
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the bone indicated by arrow

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Options:
explanation: The cuboid is the most lateral tarsal bone in the distal row
name: Cuboid
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The navicular is located in the intermediate row of the tarsal bones and it is shaped like a boat. It articulates with the three cuneiforms anteriorly.
name: Navicular
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The arrow is pointing to the distal row of the tarsal bones where there are four bones: the cuboid and the three cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate and medial). The cuboid is the most lateral and cuboid in shape. The bone adjacent to this is the lateral cuneiform which is indicated by the arrow.
name: Lateral cuneiform
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The medial cuneiform is located on the medial aspect of the distal row of the tarsal bones.
name: Medial cuneiform
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The intermediate cuneiform is located between the lateral and medial cuneiform bones in the distal row of the tarsal bones.
name: Intermediate cuneiform
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the bone indicated by the arrow

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Options:
explanation: The medial cuneiform is located on the medial aspect of the distal row of the tarsal bones.
name: Medial cuneiform
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The cuboid is the most lateral tarsal bone in the distal row and it is cuboid in shape.
name: Cuboid
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The talus is the most superior tarsal bone and located superior to the calcaneus. It also articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint.
name: Talus
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The navicular is located in the intermediate row of the tarsal bones and it is shaped like a boat. It articulates with the talus posteriorly and with the three cuneiforms anteriorly
name: Navicular
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The calcaneus or the heel bone is the largest tarsal bone located inferior to the talus.
name: Calcaneus
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the bone indicated by below arrow

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Options:
explanation: The phalanges are bones of the toes, the distal phalanx is the most distal bone of the toe located distal to the intermediate phalanx.
name: Second distal phalanx
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The metacarpal bones are located in the hand, the image is showing a foot.
name: Second Metacarpal
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The phalanges are bones of the toes, the intermediate phalanx is located between the proximal and distal phalanges
name: Second intermediate phalanx
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The metatarsal bones connect the phalanges to the tarsal bones. The first metatarsal is for the big toe, the one lateral to this is the second metatarsal.
name: Second Metatarsal
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The phalanges are bones of the toes, the proximal phalanx is located between the metatarsal bone and the intermediate phalanx
name: Second proximal phalanx
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which option below identifies the nerve that innervates the muscle indicated by the arrow?

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Options:
explanation: The femoral nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh
name: Femoral nerve
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The sciatic nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior thigh (biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus) and part of the adductor magnus.
name: Sciatic nerve
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The superior gluteal nerve innervates the tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius and minimus muscles
name: Superior gluteal nerve
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The arrow is pointing to the gluteus maximus muscle which is the largest and most superficial of the gluteal muscles. It is a strong extensor of the hip joint. It is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
name: Inferior gluteal nerve
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The obturator nerve innervates all the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh except the pectineus and part of the adductor magnus.
name: Obturator nerve
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the labelled muscle

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Options:
explanation: The vastus medialis is located medial in the anterior compartment of the leg and contributes to the quadriceps tendon. It does not travel inferomedially like the muscle in the image.
name: Vastus medialis
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The vastus lateralis is located laterally in the anterior compartment of the leg and forms part of the quadriceps tendon. It does not travel inferomedially like the muscle in the image.
name: Vastus lateralis
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The rectus femoris runs lateral to the sartorius muscle and does not travel in an inferomedial manner. It forms part of the quadriceps tendon.
name: Rectus femoris
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The sartorius muscle is runs inferomedially, so this is the left sartorius rather than the right.
name: Right sartorius
label: b
answer: no
explanation: the image indicates the sartorius muscle which is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh. This muscle runs in an inferomedial direction. It is located more superficial to the other muscles in the leg. The muscle is running left to right, therefore it is located on the left leg as it runs inferomedially.
name: Left sartorius
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Which option below best describes the function of the labelled muscle?

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Options:
explanation: The arrow is pointing to a cross-sectional area of the right rectus femoris muscle. The femur can be seen posterior to it and the vastus medialis and lateralis can be identified either side of this muscle. The rectus femoris is one of the components of the large quadriceps femoris muscles. These muscles assist in the extension of the knee joint but the rectus femoris is involved in the flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.
name: Extension of the knee joint and flexion of the hip joint
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: Rectus femoris is involved in flexion of the hip joint, but this is not its only function. It is also involved in the extension of the knee joint too as it is part of the quadriceps femoris.
name: Flexion at the hip joint only
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The quadriceps femoris muscles which includes the rectus femoris is involved in the extension of the knee joint, but the rectus femoris has an additional function of flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.
name: Extension of the knee joint only
label: b
answer: no
explanation: Rectus femoris extends the knee joint and flexes the hip joint
name: Flexion of the knee joint only
label: e
answer: no
explanation: Rectus femoris flexes the hip joint rather than extending it
name: Extension of the knee joint and extension of the hip joint
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Which option below best describes the function of the labelled muscle?

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Options:
explanation: Fibularis tertius is involved in the dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
name: Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The arrow is labelling extensor digitorum, this muscle divides into four tendons on the dorsal aspect of the foot. Extensor digitorum acts to extend the lateral four toes and dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint.
name: Extension of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: Extensor digitorum is involved in extension rather than flexion of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot.
name: Flexion of the lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of the foot
label: e
answer: no
explanation: Extensor hallucis longus is involved in the extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion of the foot. The muscle is located more medial to the extensor digitorum.
name: Extension of the great toe and dorsiflexion of the foot
label: c
answer: no
explanation: Tibialis anterior is involved in dorsiflexion and works with tibialis posterior to produce inversion of the foot at the subtalar and transverse joints.
name: Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a