hllj/quesmed huggingface dataset:
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the lungs with the trachea and the bronchial tree in situ. The arrow points to the central ridge of cartilage located at the base of the trachea, where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi. The larynx is the anatomical structure located at the superior end of the trachea. The carina is the name of this bifurcation.
name: Larynx
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the lungs with the trachea and the bronchial tree in situ. The arrow points to the central ridge of cartilage located at the base of the trachea, where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi. The carina is the name of this bifurcation.
name: Carina
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the lungs with the trachea and the bronchial tree in situ. The arrow points to the central ridge of cartilage located at the base of the trachea, where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi. The trachea lies superior to that point. The carina is the name of this bifurcation.
name: Trachea
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the lungs with the trachea and the bronchial tree in situ. The right main bronchus is located on the left side of the image, entering the hilum of the right lung. However, the arrow points to the central ridge of cartilage located at the base of the trachea, where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi. The carina is the name of this bifurcation.
name: Right main bronchus
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the lungs with the trachea and the bronchial tree in situ. The left main bronchus is located on the right side of the image, entering the hilum of the left lung. However, the arrow points to the central ridge of cartilage located at the base of the trachea, where it bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi. The carina is the name of this bifurcation.
name: Left main bronchus
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a posterolateral view of a coronal section through the trachea and bronchial tree. The arrow points to the bronchus intermedius, which lies inferior to the right superior lobar bronchus, and which follows the same trajectory as the right main bronchus. The right middle lobar bronchus is one of the bifurcations of the bronchus intermedius, which goes into the middle lobe of the right lung.
name: Right middle lobar bronchus
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterolateral view of a coronal section through the trachea and bronchial tree. The arrow points to the bronchus intermedius, which lies inferior to the right superior lobar bronchus, and which follows the same trajectory as the right main bronchus.
name: Right superior lobar bronchus
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterolateral view of a coronal section through the trachea and bronchial tree. The arrow points to the bronchus intermedius, which lies inferior to the right superior lobar bronchus, and which follows the same trajectory as the right main bronchus.
name: Bronchus intermedius
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a posterolateral view of a coronal section through the trachea and bronchial tree. The arrow points to the bronchus intermedius, which lies inferior to the right superior lobar bronchus, and which follows the same trajectory as the right main bronchus, which is located more superiorly.
name: Right main bronchus
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterolateral view of a coronal section through the trachea and bronchial tree. The arrow points to the bronchus intermedius, which lies inferior to the right superior lobar bronchus, and which follows the same trajectory as the right main bronchus. The right inferior lobar bronchus is one of the bifurcations of the bronchus intermedius, which delivers oxygen to the inferior lobe of the right lung.
name: Right inferior lobar bronchus
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax – at the level of the vessels emerging superiorly from the heart. The ascending aorta is located anteriorly to the structure indicated by the arrow and it has a muscular circular lumen. The arrow indicates the right pulmonary artery, which arises from the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ascending aorta
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax – at the level of the vessels emerging superiorly from the heart. The pulmonary trunk and its bifurcation into the left and right pulmonary arteries can be visualised. The inferior pulmonary veins are much smaller in diameter compared to the vessel indicated by the arrow, which is the right pulmonary artery.
name: Inferior pulmonary veins
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax – at the level of the vessels emerging superiorly from the heart. The pulmonary trunk and its bifurcation into the left and right pulmonary arteries can be visualised. The arrow indicates the right, not the left pulmonary artery – because the section is as if one is looking inside the patient from below (where the legs are).
name: Left pulmonary artery
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thorax – at the level of the vessels emerging superiorly from the heart. The pulmonary trunk and its bifurcation into the left and right pulmonary arteries can be visualised. The arrow indicates the right pulmonary artery.
name: Right pulmonary artery
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax – at the level of the vessels emerging superiorly from the heart. The pulmonary trunk and its bifurcation into the left and right pulmonary arteries can be visualised. The arrow indicates the right pulmonary artery, rather than the pulmonary trunk.
name: Pulmonary trunk
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial section through  the thorax. The answer describes the function of the left superior pulmonary veins, which transport oxygenated blood from the upper lobe of the left lung to the left atrium. However, the arrow indicates the right pulmonary veins, which are small blood vessels responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the upper lobe of the right lung to the left atrium. The right side of the patient is viewed on the left side of the image and vice versa.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the upper lobe of the left lung to the left atrium
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax. The answer describes the function of the left inferior pulmonary veins, which transport oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the left lung to the left atrium. However, the arrow indicates the right pulmonary veins, which are small blood vessels responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the right lung to the left atrium. The right side of the patient is viewed on the left side of the image and vice versa.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the left lung to the left atrium
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thorax. The arrow indicates the right inferior pulmonary veins, which are small blood vessels responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the right lung to the left atrium.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the right lung to the left atrium
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the middle area of the thorax. The answer describes the function of the pulmonary arteries, which take deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lungs. The pulmonary arteries are much larger in diameter compared to the pulmonary veins and they are also located more anteriorly. However, the arrow indicates the right pulmonary veins, which are small blood vessels responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the right lung to the left atrium. The right side of the patient is viewed on the left side of the image and vice versa.
name: Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thorax. The answer describes the function of the right superior pulmonary veins, which transport oxygenated blood from the upper lobe of the right lung to the left atrium. However, the arrow indicates the right pulmonary veins, which are small blood vessels responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lower lobe of the right lung to the left atrium.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the upper lobe of the right lung to the left atrium
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial dissection of the thoracic cavity, with the lungs and the heart visible. The pericardium is the layer of fibrous tissue surrounding the heart. However, the arrow indicates the pleurae and the pleural cavity. The pleurae are the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and the pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space situated in between them.
name: Pericardium
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial dissection of the thoracic cavity, with the lungs and the heart visible. The intercostal muscles are located in between the ribs and they are much thicker than the structures indicated by the arrow – the pleurae and the pleural cavity. The pleurae are the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and the pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space situated in between them.
name: Intercostal muscles
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial dissection of the thoracic cavity, with the lungs and the heart visible. The costotransverse joint can be identified because it is formed between the costal tubercle of the rib and the transvers process of the spinal vertebra (the bony prominence pointing laterally). However, the arrow indicates the pleurae and the pleural cavity. The pleurae are the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and the pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space situated in between them.
name: Costotransverse joint
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial dissection of the thoracic cavity, with the lungs and the heart visible. The arrow indicates the pleura and the pleural cavity. The pleurae are the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and the pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space situated in between them.
name: Pleura and the pleural cavity
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial dissection of the thoracic cavity, with the lungs and the heart visible. The costovertebral joint is formed between the head of the rib and the inferior and superior articular facets located on the posterolateral aspect of the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae above and at the level of the rib. However, the arrow indicates the pleurae and the pleural cavity. The pleurae are the thin membranes surrounding the lungs and the pleural cavity is the fluid-filled space situated in between them.
name: Costovertebral joint
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the upper level of the thorax – the apical regions of the lungs are visible, as is the trachea, which is located centrally. The oesophagus is located centrally at this level in the thorax (similarly to the trachea). It is a muscular tube which has a folded appearance when food is not present. It can be found posteriorly to the trachea. However, the arrow indicates the superior vena cava, which is situated to the right side of the trachea and it can be identified by the thin walls as a vein.
name: Oesophagus
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the upper level of the thorax – the apical regions of the lungs are visible, as is the trachea, which is located centrally. The arrow indicates the superior vena cava, which is situated to the right side of the trachea and it can be identified by the thin walls as a vein.
name: Superior vena cava
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the upper level of the thorax – the apical regions of the lungs are visible, as is the trachea located centrally. The pulmonary trunk is one of the vessels emerging from the right ventricle. As the heart is not visible in the dissected specimen, the pulmonary trunk cannot be visualised. However, the arrow indicates the superior vena cava, which is situated to the right side of the trachea and it can be identified by the thin walls as a vein.
name: Pulmonary trunk
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the upper level of the thorax – the apical regions of the lungs are visible, as is the trachea located centrally. The inferior vena cava is not visible at this high level in the thorax – it would become visible if the heart (Specifically the right atrium into which is drains blood would be visible). However, the arrow indicates the superior vena cava, which is situated to the right side of the trachea and it can be identified by the thin walls as a vein.
name: Inferior vena cava
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the upper level of the thorax – the apical regions of the lungs are visible, as is the trachea, which is located centrally. However, the arrow indicates the superior vena cava, which is situated to the right side of the trachea and it can be identified by the thin walls as a vein.
name: Trachea
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows two vertebrae in the axial plane. The costovertebral joint is formed between the head of the rib and the inferior and superior articular facets located on the posterolateral aspect of the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae above and at the level of the rib. However, the arrow indicates the right facet join of the vertebra on the right side of the image. Facet joints are formed by the articulation of superior and inferior articular processes. Facet joints are present throughout the length of the vertebral column, and join adjacent vertebrae at the vertebral arches.
name: Costovertebral joint
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows two vertebrae in the axial plane. The intervertebral joints are formed between the consecutive vertebrae at the level of the intervertebral disc. However, the arrow indicates the right facet join of the vertebra on the right side of the image. Facet joints are formed by the articulation of superior and inferior articular processes. Facet joints are present throughout the length of the vertebral column, and join adjacent vertebrae at the vertebral arches.
name: Intervertebral joints
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows two vertebrae in the axial plane. The arrow indicates the right, not the left, facet join of the vertebra on the right side of the image. Facet joints are formed by the articulation of superior and inferior articular processes. Facet joints are present throughout the length of the vertebral column, and join adjacent vertebrae at the vertebral arches.
name: Left facet joint
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows two vertebrae in the axial plane. The costotransverse joint can be identified because it is formed between the costal tubercle of the rib and the transvers process of the spinal vertebra (the bony prominence pointing laterally). However, the arrow indicates the right facet join of the vertebra on the right side of the image. Facet joints are formed by the articulation of superior and inferior articular processes. Facet joints are present throughout the length of the vertebral column, and join adjacent vertebrae at the vertebral arches.
name: Costotransverse joint
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows two vertebrae in the axial plane. The arrow indicates the right facet join of the vertebra on the right side of the image. Facet joints are formed by the articulation of superior and inferior articular processes. Facet joints are present throughout the length of the vertebral column, and join adjacent vertebrae at the vertebral arches.
name: Right facet joint
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a sagittal section through the head and neck. The arrow points to the second thoracic vertebra (T2) which can be identified by counting from above: C1 vertebra is located posteriorly to the soft palate and oropharynx. If one counts seven cervical vertebrae down from there (C1-C7) and then starts counting the thoracic vertebrae, T2 should be reached at the level indicated by the arrow. T3 lies just below the vertebra indicated by the arrow.
name: T3 vertebral body
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a sagittal section through the head and neck. The arrow points to the second thoracic vertebra (T2) which can be identified by counting from above: C1 vertebra is located posteriorly to the soft palate and oropharynx. If one counts seven cervical vertebrae down from there (C1-C7) and then starts counting the thoracic vertebrae, T2 should be reached at the level indicated by the arrow. C6 vertebra lies three levels higher than the vertebra indicated by the arrow.
name: C6 vertebral body
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a sagittal section through the head and neck. The arrow points to the second thoracic vertebra (T2) which can be identified by counting from above: C1 vertebra is located posteriorly to the soft palate and oropharynx. If one counts seven cervical vertebrae down from there (C1-C7) and then starts counting the thoracic vertebrae, T2 should be reached at the level indicated by the arrow. T1 lies just above the vertebra indicated by the arrow.
name: T1 vertebral body
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a sagittal section through the head and neck. The arrow points to the second thoracic vertebra (T2) which can be identified by counting from above: C1 vertebra is located posteriorly to the soft palate and oropharynx. If one counts seven cervical vertebrae down from there (C1-C7) and then starts counting the thoracic vertebrae, T2 should be reached at the level indicated by the arrow. C7 vertebra lies two levels higher than the vertebra indicated by the arrow.
name: C7 vertebral body
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a sagittal section through the head and neck. The arrow points to the second thoracic vertebra (T2) which can be identified by counting from above: C1 vertebra is located posteriorly to the soft palate and oropharynx. If one counts seven cervical vertebrae down from there (C1-C7) and then starts counting the thoracic vertebrae, T2 should be reached at the level indicated by the arrow.
name: T2 vertebral body
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thoracic cavity at the inferior level through the heart. The arrow points to a muscular tube located slightly to the left of the vertebral column (seen posteriorly), which is the oesophagus.
name: Oesophagus
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thoracic cavity at the inferior level through the heart. The arrow points to a muscular tube located slightly to the left of the vertebral column (seen posteriorly), which is the oesophagus. The pulmonary trunk is not visible at this level in the thoracic cavity – it is located slightly higher up, as it emerges superiorly from the right ventricle before it bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries.
name: Pulmonary trunk
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thoracic cavity at the inferior level through the heart. The arrow points to a muscular tube located slightly to the left of the vertebral column (seen posteriorly), which is the oesophagus. The aorta is located more centrally and to the right of the oesophagus.
name: Descending aorta
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thoracic cavity at the inferior level through the heart. The arrow points to a muscular tube located slightly to the left of the vertebral column (seen posteriorly), which is the oesophagus. The inferior vena cava is located more laterally towards the right side of the body (and left side of the image).
name: Inferior vena cava
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial section through the thoracic cavity at the inferior level through the heart. The arrow points to a muscular tube located slightly to the left of the vertebral column (seen posteriorly), which is the oesophagus. The superior vena cava is not visible at this level in the thoracic cavity – it is located more superiorly, at the level of the aortic arch and the right atrium into which it drains.
name: Superior vena cava
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a