hllj/quesmed huggingface dataset:
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a superior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the superior chambers of the heart, which is situated on the right side – the right atrium.
name: Right atrium
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a superior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the superior chambers of the heart, which is situated on the right side – the right atrium. The left ventricle is one of the inferior chambers of the heart, which is much larger. The left ventricle specifically is also recognisable by its thick myocardium. The left ventricle is located on the left side of the heart (right side of the image) and it forms the apex of the heart as well, which makes it easy to identify.
name: Left ventricle
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a superior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the superior chambers of the heart, which is situated on the right side – the right atrium. The right ventricle is one of the inferior chambers of the heart (left side of the image). Number 17 correlates with the pulmonary trunk, the right ventricle can be visualised inferior to this.
name: Right ventricle
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a superior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the superior chambers of the heart, which is situated on the right side – the right atrium. The coronary sinus is an opening in the posterior wall of the right atrium, however it is not visible in this photograph.
name: Coronary sinus
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a superior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the superior chambers of the heart, which is situated on the right side – the right atrium. The left atrium would be found at the same level, but on the left side of the heart.
name: Left atrium
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below?

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a posterior view of the heart. The arrow indicates one of the chambers located at the superior end of the heart. This chamber is on the left side, so it is the left atrium, which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. Blood from the left atrium subsequently travels to the left ventricle to be pumped out through the aorta.
name: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a posterior view of the heart, and the arrow is pointing to the left atrium. This answer is incorrect – none of the chambers of the heart receive deoxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
name: Receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterior view of the heart, and the arrow is pointing to the left atrium. This answer describes the function of the left ventricle, which transports oxygenated blood via the aorta to the rest of the body. However, the indicated chamber is located superiorly, so it is the left atrium.
name: Sends oxygenated blood via the aorta to the rest of the body
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterior view of the heart, and the arrow is pointing to the left atrium. This answer describes the function of the right ventricle, which transports deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
name: Transports deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary artery to the lungs
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a posterior view of the heart, and the arrow is pointing to the left atrium. This answer describes the right atrium, which receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cava.
name: Receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cava
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below?

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a plastic model of a dissected heart. This answer describes the function of the bicuspid (mitral) valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. However, the blue arrow indicates the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk – the pulmonary valve, whose function is to ensure unidirectional flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a plastic model of a dissected heart. This answer describes the function of the aortic valve, which ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. However, the blue arrow indicates the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk – the pulmonary valve, whose function is to ensure unidirectional flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a plastic model of a dissected heart. This answer describes the function of the tricuspid valve, which allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle. However, the blue arrow indicates the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk – the pulmonary valve, whose function is to ensure unidirectional flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a plastic model of a dissected heart. This answer is not correct, because blood passes from the atria to the ventricles. The only time that blood may pass from the ventricles to the atria is in pathological states, e.g. regurgitation. The valves function to ensure unidirectional blood flow. The blue arrow indicates the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk – the pulmonary valve, whose function is to ensure unidirectional flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ensures unidirectional flow of blood from ventricles to atria
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a plastic model of a dissected heart. The blue arrow indicates the semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk – the pulmonary valve, whose function is to ensure unidirectional flow of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.
name: Ensures unidirectional flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below?

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an anterior view of the heart. This answer is incorrect as blood leaving the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries to reach the lungs. The pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart. However, the arrow indicates one of the main blood vessels emerging from the heart – the pulmonary trunk, which allows deoxygenated blood to pass from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary trunk can be identified by its position inferior to the aortic arch.
name: Allows blood to pass from the right ventricle to the pulmonary veins
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an anterior view of the heart. The answer describes the function of the inferior vena cava, which transports deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the right atrium. However, the arrow indicates one of the main blood vessels emerging from the heart – the pulmonary trunk, which allows deoxygenated blood to pass from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary trunk can be identified by its position inferior to the aortic arch.
name: Allows blood to pass from the lungs into the right atrium
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an anterior view of the heart. This answer describes the function of the ascending aorta, which allows oxygenated blood to pass from the left ventricle to the aortic arch. Blood then travels through the descending aorta to reach the rest of the body. However, the arrow indicates one of the main blood vessels emerging from the heart – the pulmonary trunk, which allows deoxygenated blood to pass from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary trunk can be identified by its position inferiorly to the aortic arch.
name: Allows blood to pass blood from the left ventricle to the aortic arch
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an anterior view of the heart and the arrow indicates one of the main blood vessels emerging from the heart – the pulmonary trunk, which allows deoxygenated blood to pass from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary trunk can be identified by its position inferior to the aortic arch.
name: Allows blood to pass from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an anterior view of the heart. The answer describes the function of the pulmonary veins, which transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. However, the arrow indicates one of the main blood vessels emerging from the heart – the pulmonary trunk, which allows deoxygenated blood to pass from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary trunk can be identified by its position inferior to the aortic arch.
name: Allows blood to pass from the lungs into the left atrium
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows an axial view through the thoracic cavity, with the heart and the lungs visible. The pleural cavity represents the fluid-filled space created in between the visceral and the parietal pleurae, surrounding the lungs. In the image, the structure indicated the arrow surrounds the heart, not the lungs. Thus, the arrow indicates a fibrous layer of tissue surrounding the heart – the pericardium.
name: Pleural cavity
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial view through the thoracic cavity, with the heart and the lungs visible. The arrow indicates a fibrous layer of tissue surrounding the heart – the pericardium.
name: Pericardium
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows an axial view through the thoracic cavity, with the heart and the lungs visible. The left visceral pleural membrane is, indeed, located on the left side as is the structure indicated by the arrow, but rather is closely adherent to the lung parenchyma. Thus, the arrow indicates a fibrous layer of tissue surrounding the heart – the pericardium.
name: Left visceral pleural membrane
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial view through the thoracic cavity, with the heart and the lungs visible. The endocardium represents the innermost layer of the heart, which covers the internal surface of the heart chambers (atria and ventricles). However, the arrow indicates a fibrous layer of tissue surrounding the heart – the pericardium.
name: Endocardium
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows an axial view through the thoracic cavity, with the heart and the lungs visible. The myocardium represents the muscular layer of the heart forming the walls of the atria and the ventricles. It is the thickest layer of the heart and lies deep to the pericardium. However, the arrow indicates a fibrous layer of tissue surrounding the heart – the pericardium.
name: Myocardium
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the thoracic cavity and neck. The centre of the dissection displays the aortic arch and the three vessels emerging from it. The arrow indicates the third branch of the aortic arch – the left subclavian artery, whose function is to transport oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the thoracic cavity and neck. The centre of the dissection displays the aortic arch and the three vessels emerging from it. The answer describes the function of the right subclavian artery, which transports oxygenated blood from the brachiocephalic trunk to the right upper limb. However, the arrow indicates the third branch of the aortic arch – the left subclavian artery, whose function is to transport oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the brachiocephalic trunk to the right upper limb
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the thoracic cavity and neck. The centre of the dissection displays the aortic arch and the three vessels emerging from it. The answer describes the function of the right common carotid artery, which transports oxygenated blood from the brachiocephalic trunk to the right side of the head and neck. However, the arrow indicates the third branch of the aortic arch – the left subclavian artery, whose function is to transport oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the brachiocephalic trunk to the right side of the head and neck
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the thoracic cavity and neck area. The centre of the dissection displays the aortic arch and the three vessels emerging from it.The answer describes the function of the left subclavian vein. However, the arrow indicates the third branch of the aortic arch – the left subclavian artery, whose function is to transport oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb.
name: Transports deoxygenated blood from the left upper limb back to the heart
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the thoracic cavity and neck. The centre of the dissection displays the aortic arch and the three vessels emerging from it. The answer describes the function of the left common carotid artery, which transports oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left side of the head and neck. However, the arrow indicates the third branch of the aortic arch – the left subclavian artery, whose function is to transport oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left upper limb.
name: Transports oxygenated blood from the aortic arch to the left side of the head and neck
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The image shows a dissected thoracic cavity with the lungs and the heart removed, but with the main heart vessels in situ. The brachiocephalic trunk is the first branch of the aortic arch which then divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. However, the arrow points to the descending aorta, which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
name: Brachiocephalic trunk
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissected thoracic cavity with the lungs and the heart removed, but with the main heart vessels in situ. The pulmonary trunk is located inferiorly to the aortic arch. Its hollow lumen is visible in the centre of the image. However, the arrow points to the descending aorta, which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
name: Pulmonary trunk
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissected thoracic cavity with the lungs and the heart removed, but with the main heart vessels in situ. However, the arrow points to the descending aorta, which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
name: Descending aorta
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a dissected thoracic cavity with the lungs and the heart removed, but with the main heart vessels in situ. The aortic arch is the curved part of the aorta connecting the ascending and the descending parts of the aorta. The aortic arch can be recognised by its curved shape and by the three main branches that emerge from it. However, the arrow points to the descending aorta, which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
name: Aortic arch
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissected thoracic cavity with the lungs and the heart removed, but with the main heart vessels in situ. The ascending aorta is situated anteriorly and travels superiorly to become the aortic arch. However, the arrow points to the descending aorta, which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and aortic arch.
name: Ascending aorta
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the function of the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below? [lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the posterior wall of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. This answer describes the function of thoracic duct, which drains lymph from the inferior half of the body and the superior left half of the body. However, the arrow points to one of the branches emerging from the descending aorta – one of the intercostal arteries, whose function is to supply blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back.
name: Drains lymph from the inferior half of the body and the superior left half of the body
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the posterior wall of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. This answer describes the function of the hemiazygous vein, which drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleura, the skin and muscles of the back on the left side. However, the arrow points to one of the branches emerging from the descending aorta – one of the intercostal arteries, whose function is to supply blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back.
name: Drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back on the left side
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the posterior wall of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. This answer describes the function of right lymphatic duct, which drains lymph from the superior right side of the body. However, the arrow points to one of the branches emerging from the descending aorta – one of the intercostal arteries, whose function is to supply blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back.
name: Drains lymph from the superior right half of the body
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the posterior wall of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. The arrow points to one of the branches emerging from the descending aorta – one of the intercostal arteries, whose function is to supply blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleura, the skin and muscles of the back.
name: Supplies oxygenated blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a dissection of the posterior wall of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. This answer describes the function of the azygous vein, which drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleura, the skin and muscles of the back on the right side. However, the arrow points to one of the branches emerging from the descending aorta – one of the intercostal arteries, whose function is to supply blood to the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back.
name: Drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, parietal pleurae, the skin and muscles of the back on the right side
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the anatomical structure indicated by the blue arrow in the image below.

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Options:
explanation: The image shows a lateral view of the right lung. The fact that this is a right, and not a left lung, is inferred from the presence of two fissures (horizontal and oblique in right lung), instead of just one fissure (oblique in left lung). The arrow indicates the right oblique fissure.
name: Right oblique fissure
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The image shows a lateral view of the right lung. The fact that this is a right, and not a left lung, is inferred from the presence of two fissures (horizontal and oblique in right lung), instead of just one fissure (oblique in left lung). The lingula is a tissue projection of the upper lobe of the left lung. However, the arrow indicates the right oblique fissure.
name: Lingula
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a lateral view of the right lung. The fact that this is a right, and not a left lung, is inferred from the presence of two fissures (horizontal and oblique in right lung), instead of just one fissure (oblique in left lung). The arrow indicates the right oblique fissure, not the horizontal fissure.
name: Horizontal fissure
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a lateral view of the right lung. The fact that this is a right, and not a left lung, is inferred from the presence of two fissures (horizontal and oblique in right lung), instead of just one fissure (oblique in left lung). The cardiac notch is a lateral indentation of the parenchyma of the left lung which houses the heart. However, the arrow indicates the right oblique fissure.
name: Cardiac notch
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The image shows a lateral view of the right lung. The fact that this is a right, and not a left lung, is inferred from the presence of two fissures (horizontal and oblique in right lung), instead of just one fissure (oblique in left lung). The arrow indicates the right, not the left oblique fissure.
name: Left oblique fissure
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a