A 34-year-old male sustains a broken femur in a rugby match.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in fracture healing?

Options:
explanation: The correct order is initial phase, soft callus, bony callus and then remodelling. The initial phase is immediately after the fracture when blood leaks from blood vessels which have been damaged by the break. Blood which has leaked from these vessels forms a haemorrhagic swelling (haematoma). A soft callus is formed within the first few weeks, and there is also formation of granulation tissue, immature cartilaginous matrix and immature new bone. In weeks 3 to 4, the bony callus is formed - this is new bone produced by osteoblasts. New cartilage is also transformed into bone via a process of endochondral ossification. The final phase is bone remodelling.
name: Initial phase, soft callus, bony callus, remodelling
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The correct order is initial phase, soft callus, bony callus and then remodelling. The initial phase is immediately after the fracture when blood leaks from blood vessels which have been damaged by the break. Blood which has leaked from these vessels forms a haemorrhagic swelling (haematoma). A soft callus is formed within the first few weeks, and there is also formation of granulation tissue, immature cartilaginous matrix and immature new bone. In weeks 3 to 4, the bony callus is formed - this is new bone produced by osteoblasts. New cartilage is also transformed into bone via a process of endochondral ossification. The final phase is bone remodelling.
name: Initial phase, remodelling, soft callus, bony callus
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The correct order is initial phase, soft callus, bony callus and then remodelling. The initial phase is immediately after the fracture when blood leaks from blood vessels which have been damaged by the break. Blood which has leaked from these vessels forms a haemorrhagic swelling (haematoma). A soft callus is formed within the first few weeks, and there is also formation of granulation tissue, immature cartilaginous matrix and immature new bone. In weeks 3 to 4, the bony callus is formed - this is new bone produced by osteoblasts. New cartilage is also transformed into bone via a process of endochondral ossification. The final phase is bone remodelling.
name: Initial phase, soft callus, remodelling, bony callus
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The correct order is initial phase, soft callus, bony callus and then remodelling. The initial phase is immediately after the fracture when blood leaks from blood vessels which have been damaged by the break. Blood which has leaked from these vessels forms a haemorrhagic swelling (haematoma). A soft callus is formed within the first few weeks, and there is also formation of granulation tissue, immature cartilaginous matrix and immature new bone. In weeks 3 to 4, the bony callus is formed - this is new bone produced by osteoblasts. New cartilage is also transformed into bone via a process of endochondral ossification. The final phase is bone remodelling.
name: Initial phase, bony callus, soft callus, remodelling
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The correct order is initial phase, soft callus, bony callus and then remodelling. The initial phase is immediately after the fracture when blood leaks from blood vessels which have been damaged by the break. Blood which has leaked from these vessels forms a haemorrhagic swelling (haematoma). A soft callus is formed within the first few weeks, and there is also formation of granulation tissue, immature cartilaginous matrix and immature new bone. In weeks 3 to 4, the bony callus is formed - this is new bone produced by osteoblasts. New cartilage is also transformed into bone via a process of endochondral ossification. The final phase is bone remodelling.
name: Initial phase, remodelling, bony callus, soft callus
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a