hllj/quesmed huggingface dataset:
Name the annotated structure below.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is a more centrally placed gap which allows the passage of the anal canal.
name: Rectal hiatus
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The coccygeus muscle extends between the ischium of the hip bone, the sacrum and coccyx.
name: Coccygeus
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The pelvic floor is a funnel-shaped structure separating the pelvic cavity from the perineum. The three main components of the pelvic floor are the Levator Ani muscles, the Coccygeus muscle and the fascial coverings of these muscles.
name: Pelvic Floor
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is a fibrous structure lying between the urogenital hiatus and anal canal which joins the pelvic floor to the perineum.
name: Perineal body
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is an anteriorly situated gap which allows passage of the urethra and the vagina in females.
name: Urogential hiatus
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum forms the glans penis.
name: Glans penis
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The male urethra runs through the corpus spongiosum which lies ventrally. The corpus spongiosum remains pliable during erection by filling at a reduced pressure in comparison to the corpus cavernosum, to prevent the urethra from pinching closed, maintaining it as a channel for ejaculation.
name: Corpus spongiosum
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is a lining that covers the testis and epididymis
name: Tunica vaginalis
label: d
answer: no
explanation: Lies above the annotated structure and is contained within the corpus spongiosum.
name: Spongy urethra
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is formed by erectile tissue on the dorsal surface of the penis extending from root of the penis into the body of the penis.
name: Corpus cavernosum
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is one of two pea-sized glands found on either side of the vaginal opening.
name: Bartholin’s gland
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is a potential space between the deep fascia of the pelvic floor and perineal membrane.
name: Deep perineal pouch
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This is a fibromuscular structure located between the urogenital and anal triangles and acts as a point of attachment for muscle fibres from the pelvic floor and perineum.
name: Perineal body
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is the opening of the anus (medial to the arrowhead). It lies centrally within the anal triangle with the ischioanal fossae on either side.
name: Anal aperture
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The external sphincter muscle is one of the contents found within the anal triangle which is the posterior half of the perineum. The other contents of the anal triangle are the anal aperture and the two ischioanal fossae.
name: External anal sphincter
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The seminal vesicles are a pair of glands which function to produce constituent ingredients of semen. They are located bilaterally between the bladder fundus and rectum and in this prosection can be viewed posterior to the prostate.
name: Seminal vesicle
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The urethra is not clearly visible in this prosection.
name: Urethra
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The bladder is not visualised in this prosection.
name: Bladder
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is erectile tissue found within the ventral aspect of the penis and is not clearly visible in this prosection.
name: Corpus spongiosum
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The prostate lies inferior to the neck of the bladder and superior to the external urethral sphincter.
name: Prostate
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
What is the nervous supply of the annotated structure?

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is a nerve bundle formed by the anterior rami of the L4-L5 lumbar nerves and is a root which contributes to the sacral plexus.
name: Lumbosacral trunk
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The prostate is innervated by the prostatic plexus arising from the inferior hypogastric plexus. This inferior hypogastric plexus is formed by the contributions from the pelvic and sacral splanchnic nerves and superior hypogastric plexus.
name: Inferior hypogastric plexus
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This provides sensory innervation to the skin overlying the coccyx.
name: Coccygeal plexus
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The Lumbar plexus (L1-4) spreads over the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle. It innervates muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, thigh, skin of the labia, inguinal region, thigh and scrotum.
name: Lumbar plexus
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The Sacral plexus (L4, L5) lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle. It mostly supplies the gluteal and lower limb muscles.
name: Sacral plexus
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the blood supply to the structure annotated here?

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The seminal vesicle is supplied by the inferior vesical, internal pudendal and middle rectal arteries, all of which stem from the internal iliac artery.
name: Internal iliac artery
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This supplies the superior bladder.
name: Superior vesical artery
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is one of the arteries supplying the seminal glands. It also supplies parts of the bladder.
name: Inferior vesical artery
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This is one of the arteries that supply the seminal gland and the external genitalia in males and females.
name: Internal pudendal artery
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This artery supplies blood to the skin and muscles over the sacrum.
name: Lateral sacral artery
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What vein does this structure immediately drain to?

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The great saphenous veins and deep femoral veins are the two large tributaries of the femoral vein. The lateral and medial circumflex veins form the smaller tributaries.
name: Femoral vein
label: e
answer: no
explanation: Within the abdominal cavity, the testicular veins ultimately drain into the inferior vena cava. The Left testicular vein drains first into the left renal vein whereas the right testicular vein drains directly into the inferior vena cava.
name: Vena cava
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The pampiniform venous plexus draining the testes, epididymis and part of the ductus deferens drains into the testicular vein as it ascends through the inguinal canal and enters the abdominal cavity.
name: Testicular vein
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The internal iliac veins join the external iliac veins to become the common iliac veins. Tributaries of the internal iliac are the gluteal, internal pudendal and obturator veins.
name: Internal iliac vein
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The external iliac veins connect the femoral veins to the common iliac veins.
name: External iliac vein
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The spermatic cord begins within the inferior abdomen and ends within the scrotum. It is formed at the opening of the inguinal canal at the deep inguinal ring, located lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels and ends at the posterior border of the testes where its contents go on to supply various structures of the testes and scrotum.
name: Spermatic cord
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery as it travels below the inguinal ligament. It passes under the ligament and enters the thigh to supply the lower limb.
name: Femoral artery
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The external iliac artery arises from the bifurcation of the common iliac artery. They pass anterior and medial to the psoas major muscles and exit the pelvic girdle posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligament to become the femoral artery.
name: External iliac artery
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The inguinal ligaments attaches from the anterior superior iliac crest to the pubic tubercle. It forms the floor of the inguinal canal where the spermatic cord runs.
name: Inguinal ligament
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The ureters are bilateral thin tubular structures connecting the kidneys to the bladder, intraabdominally.
name: Ureter
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure below.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The pubocervical ligaments attach the cervix to the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis.
name: Pubocervical ligament
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The cardinal ligaments are found along the inferior border of the broad ligament and envelope the uterine artery and veins.
name: Cardinal ligament
label: d
answer: no
explanation: Cooper’s ligaments are connective tissue found within the breast that help maintain structural integrity.
name: Cooper’s ligament
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, extending from the lateral pelvic side walls bilaterally, folding over the internal female genitalia, covering their surfaces anteriorly and posteriorly. It has 3 subdivisions: Mesometrium – surrounds the uterus, Mesovarium – encloses the neurovascular supply at the hilum of the ovary but does not cover the surface of the ovary itself and Mesosalpinx – encloses the fallopian tubes.
name: Broad ligament
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The round ligament attaches from the uterine horns to the labia majora, by passing through the inguinal canal.
name: Round ligament
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is a fibrous band found within the broad ligament. Its function is to connect the ovary to the side of the uterus. It attaches to the ovary inferiorly and joins the uterus just below the origin of the fallopian tube.
name: Ovarian ligament
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, extending from the lateral pelvic side walls bilaterally, folding over the internal female genitalia, covering their surfaces anteriorly and posteriorly. It has 3 subdivisions: Mesometrium – surrounds the uterus, Mesovarium – encloses the neurovascular supply at the hilum of the ovary but does not cover the surface of the ovary itself and Mesosalpinx – encloses the fallopian tubes.
name: Broad ligament
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: These are fibrous bands that attach the cervix to the sacrum.
name: Uterosacral ligament
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The round ligament attaches from the uterine horns to the labia majora, by passing through the inguinal canal.
name: Round ligament
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This extends from the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall. It contains the ovarian vessels and nerves. Some consider it to be a part of the broad ligament.
name: Suspensory ligament of the ovary
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The broad ligament is a flat sheet of peritoneum, extending from the lateral pelvic side walls bilaterally, folding over the internal female genitalia, covering their surfaces anteriorly and posteriorly. It does not pass into the inguinal canal.
name: Broad ligament
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is a fibrous band found within the broad ligament. Its function is to connect the ovary to the side of the uterus. It attaches to the ovary inferiorly and joins the uterus just below the origin of the fallopian tube. It does not pass into the inguinal canal.
name: Ovarian ligament
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The cardinal ligaments are found along the inferior border of the broad ligament and envelope the uterine artery and veins. It does not pass into the inguinal canal.
name: Cardinal ligament
label: d
answer: no
explanation: These are fibrous bands that attach the cervix to the sacrum. It does not pass into the inguinal canal.
name: Uterosacral ligament
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The round ligament attaches from the uterine horns to the labia majora, by passing through the inguinal canal.
name: Round ligament
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: These are located within the testes and are a location for the creation of spermatozoa. The average length of a seminiferous tubule is 140mm.
name: Seminiferous tubule
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The ureter not demonstrated here, is approx. 20-30cm in length in an adult human.
name: Ureter
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The epididymis is a tubular structure attached to the posterior aspect of the testes. It is a single narrow tightly coiled tube that may range between 6-7 meters in length in adult humans. It connects the testicle to the vas deferens.
name: Epididymis
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is a potential embryological remnant of the mesonephric duct found within the development of the female reproductive organs.
name: Gartner’s duct
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This is a partially coiled tubular structure exiting the abdominal cavity via the inguinal canal. It measures approx. 30-35cm in length.
name: Vas deferens
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Where to is the lymphatic drainage of this structure?

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: Annotated here is the testes which is a retroperitoneal structure. The lymphatic drainage is to the lumbar and para-aortic nodes.
name: Lumbar and para-aortic nodes
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The cornu, fundus and superior uterine body drain to the superficial inguinal and para-aortic nodes.
name: Superficial inguinal and para-aortic nodes
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The scrotum drains to the superficial inguinal nodes.
name: Superficial inguinal nodes
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The middle portion of the uterine body drains to the external iliac nodes.
name: External iliac nodes
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The lower portion of the cervix partly drains to the internal iliac nodes.
name: Internal iliac nodes
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Name the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is the innermost layer of an artery or vein.
name: Tunica intima
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is a dense layer of fibrous tissue surrounding the testis. It is the middle layer forming the capsule of the testis.
name: Tunica albuginea
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The tunica vaginalis is a potential pouch-like structure within the scrotum that lines the testis and epididymis. It forms the outermost layer of the three layers that constitute the capsule of the testis. It has a visceral layer, covering the testis and epididymis and a parietal layer, lining the inner surface of the scrotum. The cavity between the two layers is normally occupied by a small volume of clear fluid.
name: Tunica vaginalis
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is the innermost layer of the capsule of the testis. It consists of loose connective tissue and a vascular plexus extending into the testis itself.
name: Tunica vasculosa
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is the outermost layer of a blood vessel.
name: Tunica adventitia
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
What is the blood supply to annotated structure?

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The ureters receive their blood supply from multiple arteries. The upper or abdominal ureter receives arterial branches from the renal, gonadal and abdominal aorta. The pelvic and distal ureter receives blood from the vesical arteries.
name: Abdominal aorta alone
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The ureters receive their blood supply from multiple arteries. The upper or abdominal ureter receives arterial branches from the renal, gonadal and abdominal aorta.
name: Renal artery, gonadal artery and abdominal aorta
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The ovarian artery which is a branch of the internal iliac contributes to the blood supply of the distal or pelvic portions of the ureter.
name: Ovarian artery alone
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The inferior and superior vesical arteries supply the distal and pelvic portions of the ureters.
name: Vesical artery alone
label: c
answer: no
explanation: These contribute to the blood supply received by the upper or abdominal portions of the ureter.
name: Renal artery alone
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: The ovarian arteries arise as paired structures from the abdominal aorta usually at the levels of L2.
name: Left ovarian artery
label: e
answer: no
explanation: The bifurcation of the common iliac artery is seen immediately behind the annotated left ureter.
name: Right common iliac artery
label: b
answer: no
explanation: The IMA arises from the aorta (whereas the annotated structure does not).
name: Inferior mesenteric artery
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The left renal vein is posterior to the splenic vein and body of the pancreas. It passes anterior to the aorta immediately below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery before draining into the IVC.
name: Left renal vein
label: d
answer: no
explanation: The ureters arise at the renal pelvis. They descend through the abdomen as a retroperitoneal structure. At the level of the sacroiliac joints, the ureters cross the pelvic brim entering the pelvic cavity, crossing above the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries.
name: Left ureter
label: a
answer: yes

Correct answer: a
Name the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: Extension of the renal cortex into the inner renal medulla divides the renal parenchyma into triangular shapes. These are known as the renal pyramids.
name: Renal pyramid
label: b
answer: no
explanation: Several minor calyces merge to form a major calyx through which urine passes into the renal pelvis.
name: Major calyx
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is a flat funnel-shaped structure formed from the confluence of major renal calyces. It drains urine from the calyces into the ureter, which it transports to the bladder for storage.
name: Renal pelvis
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: Each renal papilla is associated with a minor calyx which collects urine from the pyramids.
name: Minor calyx
label: c
answer: no
explanation: The apex of a renal pyramid is called a renal papilla.
name: Renal papilla
label: e
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is a flat sheet of peritoneum associated with the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
name: Broad ligament
label: d
answer: no
explanation: These are finger-like projections at the ends of each fallopian tube.
name: Left fimbriae
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This extends outwards from the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall and contains the ovarian nerve plexus, artery and veins.
name: Suspensory ligament of the ovary
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is a tubular structure exiting the uterus at the uterine horn and extending to near the ovary.
name: Left fallopian tube
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: The ureters are not demonstrated in this prosection
name: Left Ureter
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Name the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: These are finger-like projections at the ends of each fallopian tube.
name: Fimbriae
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This structure originates at the uterine horns and passing through the inguinal canal attaches to the labia majora.
name: Round ligament
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This attaches to the ovary inferiorly and connects it to the side of the uterus.
name: Ovarian ligament
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is a tubular structure exiting the uterus at the uterine horn and extending to near the ovary.
name: Fallopian tube
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This extends outwards from the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall and contains the ovarian nerve plexus, artery and veins.
name: Suspensory ligament of the ovary
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is the lower part of the uterus which connects the body of the uterus to the vagina.
name: Cervix
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This is the most superior end of the uterus (also called the base). Lateral to this are the openings which connect to the fallopian tubes.
name: Fundus of the uterus
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: These are finger-like projections at the ends of each fallopian tube. These are not seen in this model.
name: Fimbrae of the fallopian tube
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is the main channel in the fallopian tube and not shown on this model.
name: Ampulla of the fallopian tube
label: d
answer: no
explanation: This is the main part of the uterus.
name: Body the uterus
label: b
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is also a muscular tunnel-like structure which forms the lower part of the uterus, connecting it to the vagina.
name: Cervix
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is the opening between the cervix and the vagina.
name: External os
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This is a fibromuscular distensible structure extending posterosuperiorly from the external vaginal orifice to the cervix.
name: Vagina
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is the opening between the cervix and the uterine cavity.
name: Internal os
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is recess behind the cervix which acts as a reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation.
name: Posterior fornix
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: This is demonstrated as the structure just lateral to the annotated external iliac vein.
name: External iliac artery
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This can be seen extending upwards from the pelvis joining the left renal vein to drain into the inferior vena cava.
name: Left testicular vein
label: c
answer: no
explanation: This can be found slightly medial to the internal iliac artery, joining the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein.
name: Internal iliac vein
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is a large vein connecting the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. It originates at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament and terminates as it joins the internal iliac vein. It is a paired structure.
name: External iliac vein
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is demonstrated passing over the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
name: Left ureter
label: d
answer: no

Correct answer: a
Identify the annotated structure.

[lightgallery]

Options:
explanation: These are the external hair-bearing skin folds and are lateral to the labia minora.
name: Labia majora
label: a
answer: yes
explanation: This is a subcutaneous fat pad located anterior to the pubic symphysis.
name: Mons pubis
label: e
answer: no
explanation: This is an area superior to the vestibule located under the clitoral hood.
name: Clitoris
label: d
answer: no
explanation: These are the hairless folds of skin lying medial to the labia majora.
name: Labia minora
label: b
answer: no
explanation: This is an area enclosed by the labia minora containing the vaginal opening and urethra.
name: Vestibule
label: c
answer: no

Correct answer: a