Takemitsu Toru

Takemitsu Toru (1930-1996) là một nhà soạn nhạc người Nhật Bản.

==Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp==
Takemitsu Toru tự học là chủ yếu, trừ các năm 1948-1950 học tại Kiyose.

==Phong cách sáng tác==
Takemitsu Toru sử dụng những thủ pháp tiền phong (avant-garde) và phần lớn qua băng ghi âm.

==Tác phẩm==
Takemitsu Toru đã sáng tác:
- Các tác phẩm cho dàn nhạc giao hưởng, trong đó có:
- Các tác phẩm nhạc thính phòng, nhạc điện tử
- Các tác phẩm dành cho piano

==Danh mục tác phẩm==
===Tác phẩm cho dàn nhạc===
- "Requiem for String Orchestra" (1957)
- "Music of Tree" (1961)
- "The Dorian Horizon" (1966)
- "Green" (1967)
- "Winter" (1971)
- "A Flock Descends into the Pentagonal Garden" (1977)
- "A Way A Lone II" for string orchestra (version of A Way a Lone for string quartet)
- "Dreamtime" (1981)
- "Rain Coming" for chamber orchestra (1982)
- "Dream/Window" (1985)
- "Twill by Twilight—In Memory of Morton Feldman" (1988)
- "Tree Line" for chamber orchestra (1988)
- "Visions" (1990)
- "How slow the Wind" (1991)
- "Archipelago S." for 21 players (1993)

===Tác phẩm cho solo và dàn nhạc===
- "Scene": for cello and string orchestra (1958)
- "Arc Part I" for piano and orchestra (1963–1966/1976)
- "Arc Part II" for piano and orchestra (1964–1966/1976)
- "November Steps" for "biwa", "shakuhachi" and orchestra (1967)
- "Asterism" for piano and orchestra (1967)
- "Eucalypts I" for flute, oboe, harp and string orchestra (1970)
- "Autumn" for "biwa", "shakuhachi" and orchestra (1973)
- "Quatrain" for clarinet, violin, cello, piano and orchestra (1975)
- "Far calls. Coming, far!" for violin and orchestra (1980)
- "Toward the Sea II" for alto flute, harp and string orchestra (version of "Toward the Sea" for alto flute and guitar (1981))
- "To the Edge of Dream" for guitar and orchestra (1983)
- "Orion and Pleiades" for cello and orchestra (1984)
- "riverrun" for piano and orchestra (1984)
- "I Hear the Water Dreaming" for flute and orchestra (1987)
- "Nostalghia—In Memory of Andrei Tarkovsky" for violin and string orchestra (1987)
- "A String Around Autumn" for viola and orchestra (1989)
- "From Me Flows What You Call Time" for five percussionists and orchestra (1990)
- "Fantasma/Cantos" for clarinet and orchestra (1991), winner of the Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.
- "Quotation of Dream" for two pianos and orchestra (1991)
- "Fantasma/Cantos II" for trombone and orchestra (1994)

===Tác phẩm băng điện tử===
- "Static Relief", magnetic tape (1955)
- "Vocalism A・I", magnetic tape (1956)
- "Water Music" (1960)
- "Kaidan" (1964)

===Tác phẩm thính phòng===
- "Le Son Calligraphé I–III" for four violins, two violas and two cellos (1958–1960)
- "Ring" for flute, terz guitar and lute (1961)
- "Corona II for string(s)" graphic work in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura (1962)
- "Arc for Strings" graphic work (1963)
- "Valeria" for violin, cello, guitar, electric organ and two piccolos (1965)
- "Eucalypts II" for flute, oboe and harp (1971)
- "In an Autumn Garden" for "gagaku" orchestra (1973/1979)
- "Garden Rain" for brass ensemble (1974)
- "Waves" for clarinet, horn, two trombones and bass drum (1976)
- "Quatrain II" for clarinet, violin, cello and piano (1977)
- "A Way a Lone" for string quartet (1981)
- "Rocking Mirror Daybreak" for Violin Duo (1983)
- "Signals from Heaven"—two antiphonal fanfares for two brass groups (1987)
- "And then I knew 'twas Wind" for flute, viola and harp (1992)
===Tác phẩm dành cho piano===
- "Romance" (1949)
- "Lento in Due Movimenti" (1950, unpublished/original lost—rewritten as "Litany", 1989)
- "Piano Distance" (1961)
- "Corona for pianist(s)" graphic score (in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura, 1962)
- "Crossing" graphic score (in collaboration with Kōhei Sugiura, 1962)
- "For Away" (1973)
- "Les yeux clos" (1979)
- "Rain Tree Sketch" (1982)
- "Litany—In Memory of Michael Vyner" recomposition of "Lento in Due Movimenti" (1950/1989)
- "Rain Tree Sketch II—In Memoriam Olivier Messiaen" (1992)

===Tác phẩm dành cho guitar===
- "Folios" (1974)
- "12 Songs for Guitar" (1974, 1977)
- "The Last Waltz" (1983)
- "A Boy Named HIROSHIMA" (1987)
- "All in Twilight – Four pieces for guitar -" written for Julian Bream (1987)
- "Bad Boy" (1961, 1992)
- "A Pieces for guitar – For the 60th birthday of Sylvano Bussotti -" (1991)
- "Equinox" (1993)
- "In the Woods – Three pieces for guitar -" (1995)

===Tác phẩm nhạc phim===
- "Pitfall (Otoshiana)", dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1962)
- "Harakiri", dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1962)
- "Woman in the Dunes", dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1964)
- "Kaidan", dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1964)
- "Assassination", dir. Masahiro Shinoda (1964)
- "The Face of Another", dir. Hiroshi Teshigahara (1966)
- "Samurai Rebellion", dir. Masaki Kobayashi (1967)
- "Double Suicide", dir. Masahiro Shinoda (1969)
- "Dodesukaden", dir. Akira Kurosawa (1970)
- "Empire of Passion", dir. Nagisa Oshima (1978)
- "Ran", dir. Akira Kurosawa (1985)
- "Black Rain", dir. Shohei Imamura (1989)
- "Rising Sun", dir. Philip Kaufman (1993)

===Tác phẩm khí nhạc khác===
- "Masque", for two flutes (1959, 1960)
- "Eclipse", for biwa and shakuhachi (1966)
- "Voice", (1971)
- "Itinerant—In Memory of Isamu Noguchi", (1989)
- "Paths", for solo trumpet (1994)
- "Air" (1995, last published work)

==Tham khảo==
- Koozin, Timothy, "Traversing distances: pitch organization, gesture and imagery in the late works of Tōru Takemitsu", "Contemporary Music Review", vol. 21, no.4, (Taylor & Francis, 2002), 17–34 accessible at informaworld (subscription access)
- Nuss, Steven, "Hearing 'Japanese', hearing Takemitsu", "Contemporary Music Review", vol. 21, no.4, (Taylor & Francis, 2002), 35–71 accessible at informaworld (subscription access)
- Robinson, Elizabeth A. "Voice, itinerant, and air: a performance and analytical guide to the solo flute works of Toru Takemitsu" . 2011.

==Liên kết ngoài==
- Toru Takemitsu: Complete Works
- Schott Music Biography
- Complete Takemitsu Edition
- Slate article focusing on his film music
- Interview with Toru Takemitsu