Title: Fair Lending for All Act
Policy area: Finance and Financial Sector

Summary:
Fair Lending for All Act
This bill modifies provisions related to prohibited credit discrimination.
The bill adds sexual orientation, gender identity, and an applicant's location based on zip code or census tract as classes protected against discrimination with respect to credit transactions. (Currently, discrimination is prohibited on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because an applicant receives public assistance.)
The bill establishes criminal penalties for violations of prohibited credit discrimination.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is required to review loan applications for compliance with specified consumer laws and to establish an Office of Fair Lending Testing.


[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 166 Introduced in House (IH)]

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117th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 166

 To establish an Office of Fair Lending Testing to test for compliance 
 with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, to strengthen the Equal Credit 
  Opportunity Act and to provide for criminal penalties for violating 
                   such Act, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            January 4, 2021

Mr. Green of Texas introduced the following bill; which was referred to 
                  the Committee on Financial Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To establish an Office of Fair Lending Testing to test for compliance 
 with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, to strengthen the Equal Credit 
  Opportunity Act and to provide for criminal penalties for violating 
                   such Act, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fair Lending for All Act''.

SEC. 2. OFFICE OF FAIR LENDING TESTING.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established within the Bureau of 
Consumer Financial Protection an Office of Fair Lending Testing 
(hereinafter referred to as the ``Office'').
    (b) Director.--The head of the Office shall be a Director, who 
shall--
            (1) be appointed to a 5-year term by, and report to, the 
        Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection;
            (2) appoint and fix the compensation of such employees as 
        are necessary to carry out the duties of the Office under this 
        section; and
            (3) provide an estimated annual budget to the Director of 
        the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.
    (c) Civil Service Position.--The position of the Director shall be 
a career position within the civil service.
    (d) Testing.--
            (1) In general.--The Office, in consultation with the 
        Attorney General and the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
        Development, shall conduct testing of compliance with the Equal 
        Credit Opportunity Act by creditors, through the use of 
        individuals who, without any bona fide intent to receive a 
        loan, pose as prospective borrowers for the purpose of 
        gathering information.
            (2) Referral of violations.--If, in carrying out the 
        testing described under paragraph (1), the Office believes a 
        person has violated the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the 
        Office shall refer such violation in writing to the Attorney 
        General for appropriate action.
    (e) Report to Congress.--Section 707 of the Equal Credit 
Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691f) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: ``In addition, each report of the Bureau shall include an 
analysis of the testing carried out pursuant to section 2 of the Fair 
Lending for All Act, and each report of the Bureau and the Attorney 
General shall include a summary of criminal enforcement actions taken 
under section 706A.''.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON CREDIT DISCRIMINATION.

    Subsection (a) of section 701 of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act 
(15 U.S.C. 1691) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) It shall be unlawful for any creditor to discriminate against 
any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction--
            ``(1) on the basis of race, color, religion, national 
        origin, sex (including sexual orientation and gender identity), 
        marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity 
        to contract);
            ``(2) on the basis of the applicant's zip code, or census 
        tract;
            ``(3) because all or part of the applicant's income derives 
        from any public assistance program; or
            ``(4) because the applicant has in good faith exercised any 
        right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.''.

SEC. 4. CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE EQUAL CREDIT 
              OPPORTUNITY ACT.

    (a) In General.--The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691 
et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 706 the following:
``Sec. 706A. Criminal penalties
    ``(a) Individual Violations.--Any person who knowingly and 
willfully violates this title shall be fined not more than $50,000, or 
imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both.
    ``(b) Pattern or Practice.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who engages in a pattern or 
        practice of knowingly and willfully violating this title shall 
        be fined not more than $100,000 for each violation of this 
        title, or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.
            ``(2) Personal liability of executive officers and 
        directors of the board.--Any executive officer or director of 
        the board of an entity who knowingly and willfully causes the 
        entity to engage in a pattern or practice of knowingly and 
        willfully violating this title (or who directs another agent, 
        senior officer, or director of the entity to commit such a 
        violation or engage in such acts that result in the director or 
        officer being personally unjustly enriched) shall be--
                    ``(A) fined in an amount not to exceed 100 percent 
                of the compensation (including stock options awarded as 
                compensation) received by such officer or director from 
                the entity--
                            ``(i) during the time period in which the 
                        violations occurred; or
                            ``(ii) in the one to three year time period 
                        preceding the date on which the violations were 
                        discovered; and
                    ``(B) imprisoned for not more than 5 years.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Equal Credit 
Opportunity Act (15 U.S.C. 1691 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
the item relating to section 706 the following:

``706A. Criminal penalties.''.

SEC. 5. REVIEW OF LOAN APPLICATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of the Consumer Financial Protection 
Act of 2010 (12 U.S.C. 5531 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 1038. REVIEW OF LOAN APPLICATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--The Bureau shall carry out reviews of loan 
applications and the process of taking loan applications being used by 
covered persons to ensure such applications and processes do not 
violate the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or any other Federal consumer 
financial law.
    ``(b) Prohibition and Enforcement.--If the Bureau determines under 
subsection (a) that any loan application or process of taking a loan 
application violates the Equal Credit Opportunity Act or any other 
Federal consumer financial law, the Bureau shall--
            ``(1) prohibit the covered person from using such 
        application or process; and
            ``(2) take such enforcement or other actions with respect 
        to the covered person as the Bureau determines appropriate.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1 of the 
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 1037 the following:

``Sec. 1038. Review of loan applications.''.

SEC. 6. MORTGAGE DATA COLLECTION.

    (a) In General.--Section 304(b)(4) of the Home Mortgage Disclosure 
Act of 1975 (12 U.S.C. 2803(b)(4)) is amended by striking ``census 
tract, income level, racial characteristics, age, and gender'' and 
inserting ``the applicant or borrower's zip code, census tract, income 
level, race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, 
sexual orientation, and age''.
    (b) Protection of Privacy Interests.--Section 304(h)(3)(A) of the 
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975 (12 U.S.C. 2803(h)(3)(A)) is 
amended--
            (1) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); and
            (3) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                            ``(ii) zip code, census tract, and any 
                        other category of data described in subsection 
                        (b)(4), as the Bureau determines to be 
                        necessary to satisfy the purpose described in 
                        paragraph (1)(E), and in a manner consistent 
                        with that purpose; and''.
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