Title: International Pandemic Preparedness and COVID-19 Response Act of 2021
Policy area: International Affairs

Summary:
International Pandemic Preparedness and COVID-19 Response Act of 2021
This bill outlines U.S. foreign policy to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and to future pandemics and disasters.
With respect to COVID-19, the Department of State must develop a strategy to expand and expedite access to COVID-19 vaccines in other countries. The bill also allows for the use of any foreign assistance for activities to combat COVID-19, regardless of the original purpose of the funding. Additionally, the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development must protect and support humanitarian actors responding to secondary effects of the pandemic (e.g., food insecurity).
Furthermore, the State Department must report on, and take other steps to address, restrictions and violations of human rights in the COVID-19 response measures of other countries, and the U.S. Agency for Global Media must focus its communication programs on combating propaganda and providing accurate information related to COVID-19.
With respect to future pandemics and disasters, the bill (1) designates agencies responsible for carrying out preparedness and response activities, and (2) authorizes a committee within the National Security Council to coordinate government-wide response efforts. Additionally, the President must establish a strategy for advancing U.S. global health security; the bill creates a position in the State Department to promote this strategy.
Moreover, the State Department must work with other international actors to establish a financing mechanism and otherwise promote global health security, including by strengthening health systems and disease surveillance in developing countries.

[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2297 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






117th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2297

           To improve global health, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             June 24, 2021

Mr. Risch (for himself and Mr. Menendez) introduced the following bill; 
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
           To improve global health, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``International 
Pandemic Preparedness and COVID-19 Response Act of 2021''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Purpose.
TITLE I--ENHANCING THE UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO COVID-19 
                          AND FUTURE PANDEMICS

Sec. 101. Statement of policy regarding international cooperation to 
                            end the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sec. 102. Oversight of United States foreign assistance to end the 
                            COVID-19 pandemic.
Sec. 103. United States contributions to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, 
                            Tuberculosis, and Malaria COVID-19 response 
                            mechanism.
Sec. 104. Global COVID-19 vaccine distribution and delivery.
Sec. 105. Leveraging United States bilateral global health programs for 
                            the international COVID-19 response.
Sec. 106. Report on humanitarian response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Sec. 107. Safeguarding democracy and human rights during the COVID-19 
                            pandemic.
Sec. 108. Public diplomacy and combating disinformation and 
                            misinformation about COVID-19.
Sec. 109. Findings and sense of Congress regarding the United States 
                            International Development Finance 
                            Corporation.
Sec. 110. Sense of Congress regarding international cooperation to 
                            prevent and respond to future pandemics.
Sec. 111. Roles of the Department of State, the United States Agency 
                            for International Development, and the 
                            Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 
                            in pandemic response.
Sec. 112. USAID disaster surge capacity.
Sec. 113. Statement of policy on humanitarian assistance to countries 
                            affected by pandemics.
      TITLE II--INTERNATIONAL PANDEMIC PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS

Sec. 201. Partner country defined.
Sec. 202. Global health security strategy and report.
Sec. 203. Committee on Global Health Security and Pandemic and 
                            Biological Threats.
Sec. 204. United States overseas global health security and diplomacy 
                            coordination and strategy.
Sec. 205. Resilience.
Sec. 206. Strengthening health systems.
Sec. 207. Additional authorities.
Sec. 208. Authorization for United States participation in the 
                            Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness 
                            Innovations.
Sec. 209. National intelligence estimate and briefing regarding novel 
                            diseases and pandemic threats.
Sec. 210. Pandemic early warning network.
Sec. 211. International emergency operations.
TITLE III--FINANCING MECHANISM FOR GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AND PANDEMIC 
                      PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS

Sec. 301. Eligible partner country defined.
Sec. 302. Establishment of Fund for Global Health Security and Pandemic 
                            Prevention and Preparedness.
Sec. 303. Authorities.
Sec. 304. Administration.
Sec. 305. Advisory Board.
Sec. 306. Reports to Congress.
Sec. 307. United States contributions.
Sec. 308. Compliance with the Foreign Aid Transparency and 
                            Accountability Act of 2016.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
                of Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) Global health security agenda; ghsa.--The terms 
        ``Global Health Security Agenda'' and ``GHSA'' mean the multi-
        sectoral initiative launched in 2014 and renewed in 2017 that 
        brings together countries, regions, international 
        organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and the private 
        sector to elevate global health security as a national-level 
        priority, to share best practices, and to facilitate national 
        capacity to comply with and adhere to--
                    (A) the International Health Regulations (2005);
                    (B) the World Organisation for Animal Health 
                international standards and guidelines;
                    (C) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 
                (2004);
                    (D) the Convention on the Prohibition of the 
                Development, Production and Stockpiling of 
                Bacteriological and Toxin Weapons and on their 
                Destruction, done at Washington, London, and Moscow, 
                April 10, 1972 (commonly referred to as the 
                ``Biological Weapons Convention'');
                    (E) the Global Health Security Agenda 2024 
                Framework; and
                    (F) other relevant frameworks that contribute to 
                global health security.
            (3) Global health security index.--The term ``Global Health 
        Security Index'' means the comprehensive assessment and 
        benchmarking of health security and related capabilities across 
        the countries that make up the States Parties to the 
        International Health Regulations (2005).
            (4) Global health security initiative.--The term ``Global 
        Health Security Initiative'' means the informal network of 
        countries and organizations that came together in 2001 to 
        undertake concerted global action to strengthen public health 
        preparedness and response to chemical, biological, 
        radiological, and nuclear threats, as well as pandemic 
        influenza.
            (5) Joint external evaluation.--The term ``Joint External 
        Evaluation'' means the World Health Organization-facilitated, 
        voluntary, collaborative, multi-sectoral process to assess 
        country capacity to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to 
        public health risks occurring naturally or due to deliberate or 
        accidental events, assess progress in achieving the targets 
        under the International Health Regulations (2005), and 
        recommend priority actions.
            (6) Key stakeholders.--The term ``key stakeholders'' means 
        actors engaged in efforts to advance global health security 
        programs and objectives, including--
                    (A) national and local governments in partner 
                countries;
                    (B) other bilateral donors;
                    (C) international, regional, and local 
                organizations, including private, voluntary, 
                nongovernmental, and civil society organizations;
                    (D) international, regional, and local financial 
                institutions;
                    (E) representatives of historically marginalized 
                groups, including women, youth, and indigenous peoples;
                    (F) the private sector, including medical device, 
                technology, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, logistics, 
                and other relevant companies; and
                    (G) public and private research and academic 
                institutions.
            (7) One health approach.--The term ``One Health approach'' 
        means the collaborative, multi-sectoral, and transdisciplinary 
        approach toward achieving optimal health outcomes in a manner 
        that recognizes the interconnection between people, animals, 
        plants, and their shared environment.
            (8) Relevant federal departments and agencies.--The term 
        ``relevant Federal departments and agencies'' means any Federal 
        department or agency implementing United States policies and 
        programs relevant to the advancement of United States global 
        health security and diplomacy overseas, which may include--
                    (A) the Department of State;
                    (B) the United States Agency for International 
                Development;
                    (C) the Department of Health and Human Services;
                    (D) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
                    (E) the National Institutes of Health;
                    (F) the Department of the Treasury;
                    (G) the Department of Agriculture;
                    (H) the Department of Defense;
                    (I) the Defense Threat Reduction Agency;
                    (J) the Millennium Challenge Corporation;
                    (K) the Development Finance Corporation;
                    (L) the Peace Corps; and
                    (M) any other department or agency that the 
                President determines to be relevant for these purposes.
            (9) Resilience.--The term ``resilience'' means the ability 
        of people, households, communities, systems, institutions, 
        countries, and regions to reduce, mitigate, withstand, adapt 
        to, and quickly recover from stresses and shocks in a manner 
        that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive 
        growth.

SEC. 3. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to accelerate and enhance the United 
States international response to pandemics, including the COVID-19 
pandemic, and to operationalize lessons learned from current and prior 
emergency responses in a manner that--
            (1) advances the global health security and diplomacy 
        objectives of the United States;
            (2) improves coordination among the relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies implementing United States foreign 
        assistance for global health security; and
            (3) more effectively enables partner countries to 
        strengthen and sustain resilient health systems and supply 
        chains with the resources, capacity, and personnel required to 
        prevent, prepare for, detect, and respond to infectious disease 
        threats before they become pandemics.

TITLE I--ENHANCING THE UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO COVID-19 
                          AND FUTURE PANDEMICS

SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO 
              END THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

    It shall be the policy of the United States to lead and implement a 
comprehensive and coordinated international response to end the COVID-
19 pandemic in a manner that recognizes the critical role that 
multilateral and regional organizations can and should play in pandemic 
response, including by--
            (1) seeking adoption of a United Nations Security Council 
        resolution that--
                    (A) declares pandemics, including the COVID-19 
                pandemic, to be a threat to international peace and 
                security; and
                    (B) urges member states to address this threat by 
                aligning their health preparedness plans with 
                international best practices and those established by 
                the Global Health Security Agenda to improve country 
                capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious 
                disease threats;
            (2) advancing efforts to reform the World Health 
        Organization so that it serves as an effective normative and 
        capable coordinating body empowered to align member countries 
        around a single strategic operating plan to detect, contain, 
        treat, and deter the further spread of COVID-19;
            (3) providing timely, appropriate levels of financial 
        support to United Nations agencies responding to the COVID-19 
        pandemic;
            (4) prioritizing United States foreign assistance for the 
        COVID-19 response in the most vulnerable countries and regions;
            (5) encouraging other donor governments to similarly 
        increase contributions to the United Nations agencies 
        responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in the world's poorest and 
        most vulnerable countries;
            (6) working with key stakeholders to accelerate progress 
        toward meeting and exceeding, as practicable, the global COVID-
        19 vaccination goals jointly proposed by the International 
        Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, 
        and the World Trade Organization, whereby--
                    (A) at least 40 percent of the population in all 
                countries is vaccinated by the end of 2021; and
                    (B) at least 60 percent of the population in all 
                countries is vaccinated by the first half of 2022;
            (7) engaging with key stakeholders, including through 
        multilateral facilities such as the COVID-19 Vaccines Global 
        Access initiative (referred to in this title as ``COVAX'') and 
        the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator initiative, and 
        expanding bilateral efforts, including through the 
        International Development Finance Corporation, to accelerate 
        the development, manufacturing, local production, and efficient 
        and equitable distribution of--
                    (A) vaccines and related raw materials to meet or 
                exceed the vaccination goals under paragraph (6); and
                    (B) global health commodities, including personal 
                protective equipment, test kits, medicines and 
                therapeutics, and other essential supplies to combat 
                COVID-19;
            (8) supporting global COVID-19 vaccine distribution 
        strategies that strengthen underlying health systems and ensure 
        that people living in vulnerable and marginalized communities, 
        including women, do not face undue barriers to vaccination;
            (9) working with key stakeholders, including through the 
        World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund, the World 
        Trade Organization, the International Finance Corporation, and 
        other relevant regional and bilateral financial institutions, 
        to address the economic and financial implications of the 
        COVID-19 pandemic, while taking into account the differentiated 
        needs of disproportionately affected, vulnerable, and 
        marginalized populations;
            (10) establishing clear timelines, benchmarks, and goals 
        for COVID-19 response strategies and activities under this 
        section; and
            (11) generating commitments of resources in support of the 
        goals referred to in paragraph (10).

SEC. 102. OVERSIGHT OF UNITED STATES FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TO END THE 
              COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

    (a) Reporting Requirements.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the 
Administrator for the United States Agency for International 
Development shall jointly submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees--
            (1) an unclassified report containing a description of 
        funds already obligated and expended under title X of the 
        American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2); and
            (2) a plan that describes the objectives and timeline for 
        the obligation and expenditure of all remaining funds 
        appropriated under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which 
        shall be submitted in an unclassified form, and should include 
        a description of steps taken pursuant to each objective 
        specified in the plan.
    (b) Congressional Consultation.--Not less frequently than once 
every 60 days, until the completion or termination of the 
implementation plan required under subsection (a)(2), and upon the 
request from one or more of the appropriate congressional committees, 
the Secretary of State and the Administrator for the United States 
Agency for International Development shall provide a briefing to the 
appropriate congressional committees regarding the report required 
under subsection (a)(1) and the status of the implementation of the 
plan required under subsection (a)(2).
    (c) Branding.--In providing assistance under this title, the 
Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development, with due consideration for the safety 
and security of implementing partners and beneficiaries, and pursuant 
to current branding and marking regulations and procedures shall 
prescribe the use of logos or other insignia, which may include the 
flag of the United States, to appropriately identify such assistance as 
being from the people of the United States.

SEC. 103. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GLOBAL FUND TO FIGHT AIDS, 
              TUBERCULOSIS, AND MALARIA COVID-19 RESPONSE MECHANISM.

    (a) United States Contributions to the Global Fund To Fight AIDS, 
Tuberculosis, and Malaria COVID-19 Response Mechanism.--United States 
contributions to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and 
Malaria COVID-19 Response Mechanism under section 10003(a)(2) of the 
American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 107-2)--
            (1) shall be meaningfully leveraged in a manner that 
        incentivizes other public and private donor contributions; and
            (2) shall be subject to the reporting and withholding 
        requirements under subsections (c), (d)(4)(A)(ii), (d)(4)(C), 
        (d)(5), (d)(6), (f), and (g) of section 202 of the United 
        States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria 
        Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7622).

SEC. 104. GLOBAL COVID-19 VACCINE DISTRIBUTION AND DELIVERY.

    (a) Accelerating Global Vaccine Distribution Strategy.--The 
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development, the Chief Executive Officer of the United 
States International Development Finance Corporation, and the heads of 
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as determined by the 
President, shall develop a strategy to expand access to, and accelerate 
the global distribution of, COVID-19 vaccines to other countries, which 
shall--
            (1) identify the countries that have the highest infection 
        and death rates due to COVID-19, the lowest COVID-19 
        vaccination rates, and face the most difficult, political, 
        logistical, and financial challenges to obtaining and 
        delivering COVID-19 vaccines, and describe the basis and 
        metrics used to make such determinations;
            (2) identify which countries and regions will be 
        prioritized and targeted for COVID-19 vaccine delivery, and the 
        rationale for such prioritization;
            (3) describe efforts that the United States is making to 
        increase COVID-19 vaccine manufacturing capacity, including 
        through the provision of development finance, and estimate 
        when, how many, and which types of vaccines will be provided by 
        the United States Government bilaterally and through COVAX;
            (4) describe efforts to encourage international partners to 
        take actions similar to the efforts referred to in paragraph 
        (3);
            (5) describe how the United States Government will ensure 
        efficient delivery of COVID-19 vaccines to intended recipients, 
        including United States citizens residing overseas, and 
        identify complementary United States foreign assistance that 
        will facilitate vaccine readiness, distribution, delivery, 
        monitoring, and administration activities;
            (6) describe the roles, responsibilities, tasks, and, as 
        appropriate, the authorities of the Secretary of State, the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the 
        Chief Executive Officer of the United States International 
        Development Finance Corporation, and the heads of other 
        relevant Federal departments and agencies with respect to the 
        implementation of such strategy; and
            (7) summarize the United States public diplomacy strategies 
        for branding and addressing vaccine misinformation and 
        hesitancy.
    (b) Submission of Strategy.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit the 
strategy described in subsection (a) to the appropriate congressional 
committees.

SEC. 105. LEVERAGING UNITED STATES BILATERAL GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAMS FOR 
              THE INTERNATIONAL COVID-19 RESPONSE.

    (a) Authorization for Leveraging Bilateral Program Activities.--
Amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available to 
carry out section 104 of the Foreign Assistance Act (22 U.S.C. 2151b) 
may be used in countries receiving United States foreign assistance--
            (1) to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, including through the 
        sharing of COVID-19 vaccines; and
            (2) to support related activities, including--
                    (A) strengthening vaccine readiness;
                    (B) reducing vaccine hesitancy and misinformation;
                    (C) delivering and administering COVID-19 vaccines;
                    (D) strengthening health systems and supply chains;
                    (E) supporting health care workforce planning, 
                training, and management;
                    (F) enhancing transparency, quality, and 
                reliability of health data;
                    (G) increasing bidirectional testing; and
                    (H) building lab capacity.
    (b) Adjustment of Targets and Goals.--The Secretary of State, in 
coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and 
agencies, shall submit an annual report to the appropriate 
congressional committees that identifies--
            (1) any adjustments to original program targets and goals 
        that result from the use of funds for the purposes authorized 
        under subsection (a); and
            (2) the amounts needed in the following fiscal year to meet 
        the original program goals.

SEC. 106. REPORT ON HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development 
and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall submit a report 
to the appropriate congressional committees that--
            (1) assesses the global humanitarian response to COVID-19; 
        and
            (2) outlines specific elements of the United States 
        Government's country-level response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) for countries receiving United States assistance, a 
        description of humanitarian and health-worker access to crisis-
        affected areas, including--
                    (A) legal and bureaucratic restrictions on the 
                entry of humanitarian workers from abroad, to include 
                visa authorizations that do not allow adequate time for 
                humanitarian workers to quarantine upon arrival in-line 
                with host country regulations, conduct needs 
                assessments, and subsequently implement multilateral 
                and United States-funded programming in an efficient, 
                effective, and unrestricted manner;
                    (B) restrictions on travel by humanitarian workers 
                within such country to reach the areas of operation 
                where vulnerable and marginalized populations reside;
                    (C) access to medical evacuation in the event of a 
                health emergency;
                    (D) access to personal protective equipment for 
                United States Government implementing partners; and
                    (E) efforts to support access to COVID-19 vaccines 
                for humanitarian and health-workers and crisis-affected 
                communities;
            (2) an analysis and description of countries (regardless of 
        whether such countries have received direct United States 
        assistance) that have expressly prevented vulnerable 
        populations from accessing necessary assistance related to 
        COVID-19, including--
                    (A) the omission of vulnerable populations from 
                national response plans;
                    (B) laws, policies, or practices that restrict or 
                preclude treatment of vulnerable populations at public 
                hospitals and health facilities; and
                    (C) exclusion of, or discrimination against, 
                vulnerable populations in law, policy, or practice that 
                prevents equal access to food, shelter, and other basic 
                assistance;
            (3) a description of United States Government efforts to 
        facilitate greater humanitarian access, including--
                    (A) advocacy and diplomatic efforts with relevant 
                foreign governments and multilateral institutions to 
                ensure that vulnerable and marginalized populations are 
                included in national response plans and other relevant 
                plans developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; 
                and
                    (B) advocacy and diplomatic efforts with relevant 
                foreign governments to ensure that appropriate visas, 
                work permits, and domestic travel exemptions are issued 
                for humanitarian and health workers responding to the 
                COVID-19 pandemic; and
            (4) a description of United States Government plans and 
        efforts to address the second-order impacts of the COVID-19 
        pandemic and an assessment of the resources required to 
        implement such plans, including efforts to address--
                    (A) famine and acute food insecurity;
                    (B) gender-based violence;
                    (C) mental health and psychosocial support needs;
                    (D) child protection needs;
                    (E) health, education, and livelihoods;
                    (F) shelter; and
                    (G) attempts to close civil society space, 
                including through bureaucratic, administrative, and 
                health or security related impediments.

SEC. 107. SAFEGUARDING DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS DURING THE COVID-19 
              PANDEMIC.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) governments may be required to take appropriate 
        extraordinary measures during public health emergencies to halt 
        the spread of disease, including closing businesses and public 
        events, limiting access to public spaces, and restricting the 
        movement of people;
            (2) certain foreign governments have taken measures in 
        response to COVID-19 that violate the human rights of their 
        citizens without clear public health justification, oversight 
        measures, or sunset provisions;
            (3) governments using the COVID-19 pandemic as a pretext 
        for repression have undermined democratic institutions, 
        debilitated institutions for transparency and public integrity, 
        quashed legitimate dissent, and attacked journalists, civil 
        society organizations, activists, independent voices, and 
        vulnerable and marginalized populations, including refugees and 
        migrants, with far-reaching consequences that will extend 
        beyond the current crisis;
            (4) COVID-19 threatens to roll back decades of progress for 
        women and girls, disproportionately affecting women 
        economically, educationally, and with respect to health, while 
        also leading to alarming rises in gender based violence; and
            (5) during and after the pandemic, the Department of State 
        and the United States Agency for International Development 
        should directly, and through nongovernmental organizations or 
        international organizations, provide assistance and implement 
        programs that support democratic institutions, civil society, 
        free media, and the advancement of internationally recognized 
        human rights.
    (b) Funding for Civil Society and Human Rights Defenders.--
            (1) Program priorities.--Amounts made available for each of 
        the fiscal years 2022 through 2026 to carry out the purposes of 
        sections 101 and 102 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2151 and 2151-1), including programs to support 
        democratic institutions, human rights defenders, civil society, 
        and freedom of the press, should be targeted, to the extent 
        feasible, toward civil society organizations in countries in 
        which emergency government measures taken in response to the 
        COVID-19 pandemic have violated internationally recognized 
        human rights.
            (2) Eligible organizations.--Civil society organizations 
        operating in countries in which emergency government measures 
        taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic violated 
        internationally recognized human rights shall be eligible to 
        receive funds made available to carry out the purposes of 
        sections 101 and 102 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for 
        each of the fiscal years 2022 through 2026, for--
                    (A) programs designed to strengthen and support 
                civil society, human rights defenders, freedom of 
                association, and the freedom of the press;
                    (B) programs to restore democratic institutions; 
                and
                    (C) peacebuilding and conflict prevention to 
                address the impacts of COVID-19 on social cohesion, 
                public trust, and conflict dynamics by adapting 
                existing programs or investing in new ones.
            (3) Final report.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall 
        submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees 
        that--
                    (A) lists the countries whose emergency measures 
                limiting internationally recognized human rights in a 
                manner inconsistent with the principles of limitation 
                and derogation remain in place;
                    (B) describes such countries' emergency measures, 
                including--
                            (i) how such procedures violate 
                        internationally recognized human rights; and
                            (ii) an analysis of the impact of such 
                        measures on access to health and efforts to 
                        control the COVID-19 pandemic within the 
                        country;
                    (C) describes--
                            (i) security and intelligence surveillance 
                        measures implemented by countries during the 
                        COVID-19 pandemic;
                            (ii) the extent to which such measures have 
                        been, or have not been, rolled back; and
                            (iii) whether and how such measures impact 
                        internationally recognized human rights; and
                    (D) includes a strategic plan by the Department of 
                State and the United States Agency for International 
                Development that addresses, through multilateral and 
                bilateral diplomacy and foreign assistance, the 
                persistent issues related to the restriction of 
                internationally recognized human rights in the COVID-19 
                response.

SEC. 108. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND COMBATING DISINFORMATION AND 
              MISINFORMATION ABOUT COVID-19.

    (a) United States Agency for Global Media.--
            (1) Finding.--Congress finds that the United States Agency 
        for Global Media (referred to in this section as ``USAGM'') 
        broadcasting entities and grantees have proven valuable in 
        providing timely and accurate information, particularly in 
        countries in which the free press is under threat.
            (2) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) accurate, investigative, and scientific 
                journalism is critical for societies to effectively 
                combat global health threats; and
                    (B) Congress supports--
                            (i) accurate and objective investigative 
                        and scientific reporting by USAGM networks and 
                        grantees regarding COVID-19; and
                            (ii) platforms that help dispel and combat 
                        misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.
            (3) Voice of america.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made 
        available to Voice of America should be used--
                    (A) to expand programs such as POLYGRAPH.info;
                    (B) to provide critical tools for combating 
                propaganda associated with COVID-19; and
                    (C) to assist journalists in providing accurate 
                information to local media outlets.
            (4) Office of cuba broadcasting.--It is the sense of 
        Congress that Radio Television Marti and Digital Marti should 
        continue to broadcast programs that detect, highlight, and 
        dispel disinformation.
            (5) Radio free europe/radio liberty.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that Radio Free 
                Europe/Radio Liberty (referred to in this section as 
                ``RFE/RL'') operate in media markets in which 
                authoritarian state and nonstate actors, including 
                Russia, heavily invest in misinformation and 
                disinformation campaigns designed to promote confusion 
                and mistrust.
                    (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that RFE/RL should--
                            (i) increase investigative reporting 
                        regarding the impacts of COVID-19, the 
                        political and social responses governments are 
                        taking in response to COVID-19, and the lasting 
                        impacts such actions will have on key political 
                        freedoms; and
                            (ii) expand its ``digital first'' strategy.
            (6) Radio free asia.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that Radio Free Asia 
                (RFA) operates in a media market dominated by powerful 
                state-run media that have invested heavily in media 
                distortion and disinformation, including about COVID-
                19.
                    (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that RFA should--
                            (i) commission technical experts to bolster 
                        efforts to counter social media tools, 
                        including bots used by some countries to 
                        promote misinformation;
                            (ii) expand digital programming and local 
                        coverage to expose China's media manipulation 
                        techniques; and
                            (iii) increase English language content to 
                        help counter China's propaganda directed toward 
                        English-speaking audiences.
            (7) Middle east broadcasting networks.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that the Middle East 
                Broadcasting Networks operate largely in closed media 
                markets in which malign state and nonstate actors 
                remain active.
                    (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that the Middle East Broadcasting Networks should--
                            (i) continue plans to expand an 
                        investigative news unit; and
                            (ii) work to ensure that reporting 
                        continues amidst operational challenges on the 
                        ground.
            (8) Open technology fund.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that the Open 
                Technology Fund works to advance internet freedom in 
                repressive environments by supporting technologies 
                that--
                            (i) provide secure and uncensored access to 
                        USAGM's content and the broader internet; and
                            (ii) counter attempts by authoritarian 
                        governments to control the internet and 
                        restrict freedom online.
                    (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that the Open Technology Fund should--
                            (i) support a broad range of technologies 
                        to respond to increasingly aggressive and 
                        sophisticated censorship and surveillance 
                        threats and provide more comprehensive and 
                        tailored support to USAGM's networks; and
                            (ii) provide direct assistance to USAGM's 
                        networks to improve the digital security of 
                        reporting operations and journalists.
    (b) Department of State Public Diplomacy Programs.--
            (1) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
                    (A) The Department of State's public diplomacy 
                programs build global networks that can address shared 
                challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, including 
                through exchanges of researchers, public health 
                experts, and scientists.
                    (B) The programs referred to in subparagraph (A) 
                play a critical role in creating open and resilient 
                information environments where democracies can thrive, 
                as articulated in the 2020 Public Diplomacy Strategic 
                Plan, including by--
                            (i) improving media quality with journalist 
                        training and reporting tours;
                            (ii) conducting media literacy programs; 
                        and
                            (iii) supporting media access activities.
                    (C) The International Visitor Leadership Program 
                and Digital Communications Network engaged journalists 
                around the world to combat COVID-19 disinformation, 
                promote unbiased reporting, and strengthen media 
                literacy.
                    (D) More than 12,000 physicians holding J-1 visas 
                from 130 countries--
                            (i) are engaged in residency or fellowship 
                        training at approximately 750 hospitals 
                        throughout the United States, the majority of 
                        whom are serving in States that have been the 
                        hardest hit by COVID-19; and
                            (ii) throughout the pandemic, have served 
                        on the front lines of the medical workforce and 
                        in United States university labs researching 
                        ways to detect and treat the virus.
            (2) Visa processing briefing.--Not later than 30 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary 
        for Consular Affairs shall brief the appropriate congressional 
        committees by providing--
                    (A) a timeline for increasing visa processing 
                capacities at embassies around the world, notably where 
                there are--
                            (i) many American citizens, including dual 
                        nationals; and
                            (ii) many visa applicants for educational 
                        and cultural exchange programs that promote 
                        United States foreign policy objectives and 
                        economic stability to small businesses, 
                        universities, and communities across the United 
                        States; and
                    (B) a detailed plan for using existing authorities 
                to waive in-person appointments and interviews.
            (3) Global engagement center.--
                    (A) Finding.--Congress finds that since the 
                beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, publications, 
                websites, and platforms associated with China, Russia, 
                and Iran have sponsored disinformation campaigns 
                related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including falsely 
                blaming the United States for the disease.
                    (B) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress 
                that the Global Engagement Center should continue its 
                efforts to expose and counter state and non-state-
                sponsored disinformation related to COVID-19, the 
                origins of COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccinations.

SEC. 109. FINDINGS AND SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING THE UNITED STATES 
              INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a global economic 
        recession, as evidenced by the global economic indicators 
        described in paragraphs (2) through (4).
            (2) The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 
        determined that the COVID-19 pandemic pushed the global economy 
        into recession in 2020 on a scale that has not been witnessed 
        since the 1930s.
            (3) Developed countries are expected to experience a 
        relatively more significant rebound in gross domestic product 
        growth during 2021 than is expected to be experienced in 
        developing countries, leading to concerns about a further 
        expansion in the gap between rich and poor countries, 
        particularly if this trend continues into 2022.
            (4) Global markets have suffered losses ranging between 5 
        percent and over 10 percent since the beginning of the 
        pandemic. While markets are recovering in 2021, global job 
        losses and unemployment rates remain high, with--
                    (A) approximately 33,000,000 labor hours have been 
                lost globally (13 per cent of the total hours lost) due 
                to outright unemployment; and
                    (B) an estimated additional 81,000,000 labor hours 
                have been lost due to inactivity or underemployment.
            (5) Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, 
        African finance ministers have requested continued efforts to 
        provide--
                    (A) additional liquidity;
                    (B) better market access;
                    (C) more concessional resources; and
                    (D) an extension in the Debt Service Suspension 
                Initiative established by the Group of 20.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) even when markets begin to recover in the future, it is 
        likely that access to capital will be especially challenging 
        for developing countries, which still will be struggling with 
        the containment of, and the recovery from, the COVID-19 
        pandemic;
            (2) economic uncertainty and the inability of individuals 
        and households to generate income are major drivers of 
        political instability and social discord, which creates 
        conditions for insecurity;
            (3) it is in the security and economic interests of the 
        United States to assist in the economic recovery of developing 
        countries that are made more vulnerable and unstable from the 
        public health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic;
            (4) United States foreign assistance and development 
        finance institutions should seek to blunt the impacts of a 
        COVID-19 related economic recession by supporting investments 
        in sectors critical to maintaining economic stability and 
        resilience in low and middle income countries;
            (5) the need for the United States International 
        Development Finance Corporation's support for advancing 
        development outcomes in less developed countries, as mandated 
        by the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development 
        Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.), is critical to ensuring 
        lasting and resilient economic growth in light of the COVID-19 
        pandemic's exacerbation of economic hardships and challenges;
            (6) the United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation should adjust its view of risk versus return by 
        taking smart risks that may produce a lower rate of financial 
        return, but produce significant development outcomes in 
        responding to the economic effects of COVID-19; and
            (7) to mitigate the economic impacts of the COVID-19 
        recession, the United States International Development Finance 
        Corporation should use its resources and authorities, among 
        other things--
                    (A) to ensure loan support for small- and medium-
                sized enterprises;
                    (B) to offer local currency loans to borrowers for 
                working capital needs;
                    (C) to create dedicated financing opportunities for 
                new ``customers'' that are experiencing financial 
                hardship due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and
                    (D) to work with other development finance 
                institutions to create co-financing facilities to 
                support customers experiencing hardship due to the 
                COVID-19 pandemic.

SEC. 110. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO 
              PREVENT AND RESPOND TO FUTURE PANDEMICS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) global pandemic preparedness and response requires 
        international and regional cooperation and action;
            (2) the United States should lead efforts in multilateral 
        fora, such as the Group of 7, the Group of 20, and the United 
        Nations, by collaborating and cooperating with other countries 
        and international and regional organizations, including the 
        World Health Organization and other key stakeholders, to 
        implement international strategies, tools, and agreements to 
        better prevent, detect, and respond to future infectious 
        disease threats before they become pandemics; and
            (3) the United States should enhance and expand 
        coordination and collaboration among the relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization 
        of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the 
        World Organization for Animal Health, to advance a One Health 
        approach toward preventing, detecting, and responding to 
        zoonotic threats in the human-animal interface.

SEC. 111. ROLES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE UNITED STATES AGENCY 
              FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AND THE CENTERS FOR 
              DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN PANDEMIC RESPONSE.

    (a) Designation of Lead Agencies for Coordination of the United 
States Response to Infectious Disease Outbreaks With Severe or Pandemic 
Potential.--In the event of an infectious disease outbreak outside of 
the United States with pandemic potential, the President should 
designate agencies to lead specific aspects of the response efforts, 
including--
            (1) designating the Department of State to serve as the 
        lead for diplomatic engagement, and related foreign policy 
        efforts, including--
                    (A) enhanced coordination of engagement with 
                multilateral organizations and countries, and 
                mobilization of donor contributions; and
                    (B) support for United States citizens abroad;
            (2) designating the United States Agency for International 
        Development to serve as the key lead agency for design and 
        implementation of the United States international response, 
        relief, and recovery assistance associated with the potential 
        pandemic outbreak by leading programmatic activities, as 
        necessary and appropriate, including--
                    (A) immediate health, disaster assistance, and 
                humanitarian response needs and prevention and 
                preparedness activities in neighboring at-risk 
                countries;
                    (B) testing, treatment, and assistance with 
                preventative care units and community care facilities;
                    (C) surveillance, case investigation, and rapid 
                response capability;
                    (D) providing supplies, such as personal 
                protective, screening, and treatment equipment;
                    (E) conducting community outreach and communication 
                and mobilization efforts;
                    (F) logistics support; and
                    (G) serving as lead agency for disease outbreak 
                response abroad; and
            (3) designating the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention to serve as the public health lead for the 
        international response to the potential pandemic outbreak by 
        conducting activities, such as--
                    (A) infection prevention and control, contact 
                tracing, and laboratory surveillance and training;
                    (B) building up, in coordination with the United 
                States Agency for International Development, emergency 
                operation centers;
                    (C) providing education and outreach; and
                    (D) assessing the safety and efficacy of vaccine 
                and treatment candidates in the conduct of clinical 
                trials in affected countries.

SEC. 112. USAID DISASTER SURGE CAPACITY.

    (a) Surge Capacity.--Amounts authorized to be appropriated or 
otherwise made available to carry out part I and chapter 4 of part II 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), 
including funds made available for ``Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and 
Central Asia'', may be used, in addition to amounts otherwise made 
available for such purposes, for the cost (including support costs) of 
individuals detailed to or employed by the United States Agency for 
International Development whose primary responsibility is to carry out 
programs in response to global health emergencies and natural or man-
made disasters.
    (b) Notification.--Not later than 15 days before making funds 
available to address man-made disasters pursuant to subsection (a), the 
Secretary of State or the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development shall notify the appropriate congressional 
committees of such action.

SEC. 113. STATEMENT OF POLICY ON HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRIES 
              AFFECTED BY PANDEMICS.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States--
            (1) to ensure that United States assistance to address 
        pandemics, including the provision of vaccines, reaches 
        vulnerable and marginalized populations, including racial and 
        religious minorities, refugees, internally displaced persons, 
        migrants, stateless persons, women, children, the elderly, and 
        persons with disabilities;
            (2) to ensure that United States assistance, including 
        development finance, addresses the second order effects of a 
        pandemic, including acute food insecurity; and
            (3) to protect and support humanitarian actors who are 
        essential workers in preventing, mitigating and responding to 
        the spread of a pandemic among vulnerable and marginalized 
        groups described in paragraph (1), including ensuring that such 
        humanitarian actors--
                    (A) are exempted from unreasonable travel 
                restrictions to ensure that they can effectively 
                provide life-saving assistance; and
                    (B) are prioritized as frontline workers in country 
                vaccine distribution plans.
    (b) Facilitating Effective and Safe Humanitarian Assistance.--The 
Secretary of State, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development, should carry out 
actions that accomplish the policies set forth in subsection (a), 
including by--
            (1) taking steps to ensure that travel restrictions 
        implemented to help contain the spread of a pandemic are not 
        applied to individuals authorized by the United States 
        Government to travel to, or reside in, a designated country to 
        provide assistance related to, or otherwise impacted by, an 
        outbreak;
            (2) approving the usage of foreign assistance funding for 
        the procurement of personal protective equipment by United 
        States Government implementing partners from businesses within 
        or nearby the country receiving foreign assistance on an urgent 
        basis and in a manner consistent with efforts to respond to the 
        spread of a pandemic in the United States; and
            (3) waiving certain travel restrictions implemented to help 
        contain the spread of a pandemic in order to facilitate the 
        medical evacuation of United States Government implementing 
        partners, regardless of nationality.

      TITLE II--INTERNATIONAL PANDEMIC PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS

SEC. 201. PARTNER COUNTRY DEFINED.

    In this title, the term ``partner country'' means a foreign country 
in which the relevant Federal departments and agencies are implementing 
United States assistance for global health security and pandemic 
prevention and preparedness under this Act.

SEC. 202. GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY STRATEGY AND REPORT.

    (a) In General.--The President shall develop, update, maintain, and 
advance a comprehensive strategy for improving global health security 
and pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response that--
            (1) clearly articulates the policy goals related to 
        pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, and actions 
        necessary to elevate and strengthen United States diplomatic 
        leadership in global health security and pandemic preparedness, 
        including by building the expertise of the diplomatic corps;
            (2) improves the effectiveness of United States foreign 
        assistance to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious 
        disease threats, through a One Health approach, including 
        through the advancement of the Global Health Security Agenda, 
        the International Health Regulations (2005), and other relevant 
        frameworks and programs that contribute to global health 
        security and pandemic preparedness;
            (3) establishes specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, 
        timetables, performance metrics, and monitoring and evaluation 
        plans for United States foreign policy and assistance for 
        global health security that promote learning and adaptation and 
        reflect international best practices relating to global health 
        security, transparency, and accountability;
            (4) establishes transparent means to improve coordination 
        and performance by the relevant Federal departments and 
        agencies and sets out clear roles and responsibilities that 
        reflect the unique capabilities and resources of each such 
        department and agency;
            (5) establishes mechanisms to improve coordination and 
        avoid duplication of effort among the relevant Federal 
        departments and agencies, partner countries, donor countries, 
        the private sector, multilateral organizations, and other key 
        stakeholders, and ensures collaboration at the country level;
            (6) supports, and is aligned with, partner country-led, 
        global health security policy and investment plans, developed 
        with input from key stakeholders, as appropriate;
            (7) prioritizes working with partner countries with--
                    (A) demonstrated need, as identified through the 
                Joint External Evaluation process, the Global Health 
                Security Index classification of health systems, 
                national action plans for health security, Global 
                Health Security Agenda Action Packages, other risk-
                based assessments, and other complementary or successor 
                indicators of global health security and pandemic 
                preparedness; and
                    (B) demonstrated commitment to transparency, 
                including budget and global health data transparency, 
                complying with the International Health Regulations 
                (2005), investing in domestic health systems, and 
                achieving measurable results;
            (8) reduces long-term reliance upon United States foreign 
        assistance for global health security by--
                    (A) helping build and enhance community resilience 
                to infectious disease emergencies and threats, such as 
                COVID-19 and Ebola;
                    (B) ensuring that United States global health 
                assistance is strategically planned and coordinated in 
                a manner that contributes to the strengthening of 
                overall health systems and builds the capacity of local 
                organizations and institutions;
                    (C) promoting improved domestic resource 
                mobilization, co-financing, and appropriate national 
                budget allocations for strong health systems, global 
                health security, and pandemic preparedness and response 
                in partner countries; and
                    (D) ensuring partner country ownership of global 
                health security strategies, data, programs, and 
                outcomes;
            (9) supports health budget and workforce planning in 
        partner countries, including training in public financial 
        management and budget data transparency;
            (10) works to ensure that--
                    (A) partner countries have national action plans 
                for health security that are developed with input from 
                key stakeholders, including communities and the private 
                sector; and
                    (B) United States foreign assistance for global 
                health security is aligned with existing national 
                action plans for health security in partner countries, 
                developed with input from key stakeholders, including 
                communities and the private sector, to the greatest 
                extent practicable and appropriate;
            (11) strengthens linkages between complementary bilateral 
        and multilateral foreign assistance programs, including efforts 
        of the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the Global 
        Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Gavi, the 
        Vaccine Alliance, and regional health organizations, that 
        contribute to the development of more resilient health systems 
        and supply chains in partner countries with the capacity, 
        resources, and personnel required to prevent, detect, and 
        respond to infectious disease threats; and
            (12) supports innovation and partnerships with the private 
        sector, health organizations, civil society, nongovernmental 
        organizations, and health research and academic institutions to 
        improve pandemic preparedness and response, including for the 
        prevention and detection of infectious disease, and the 
        development and deployment of effective, accessible, and 
        affordable infectious disease tracking tools, diagnostics, 
        therapeutics, and vaccines.
    (b) Submission of Strategy.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit the strategy 
required under subsection (a) to the appropriate congressional 
committees.
    (c) Annual Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the submission 
        of the strategy to the appropriate congressional committees 
        under subsection (b), and not later than October 1 of each year 
        thereafter for the following 4 fiscal years, the President 
        shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional 
        committees that describes--
                    (A) the status of the implementation of the 
                strategy required under subsection (a);
                    (B) any necessary updates to the strategy;
                    (C) the progress made in implementing the strategy, 
                with specific information related to the progress 
                toward improving countries' ability to detect, respond 
                and prevent the spread of infectious disease threats, 
                such as COVID-19 and Ebola; and
                    (D) details on the status of funds made available 
                to carry out the purposes of this title.
            (2) Agency-specific plans.--The reports required under 
        paragraph (1) shall include specific implementation plans from 
        each relevant Federal department and agency that describe--
                    (A) how updates to the strategy may have impacted 
                the agency's plan during the preceding calendar year;
                    (B) the progress made in meeting the goals, 
                objectives, and benchmarks under implementation plans 
                during the preceding year;
                    (C) the anticipated staffing plans and 
                contributions of the department or agency, including 
                technical, financial, and in-kind contributions, to 
                implement the strategy;
                    (D) a transparent, open, and detailed accounting of 
                obligations by each of the relevant Federal departments 
                and agencies to implement the strategy, including--
                            (i) the statutory source of obligated 
                        funds;
                            (ii) the amounts obligated;
                            (iii) implementing partners;
                            (iv) targeted beneficiaries; and
                            (v) activities supported;
                    (E) the efforts of the relevant Federal department 
                or agency to ensure that the activities and programs 
                carried out pursuant to the strategy are designed to 
                achieve maximum impact and enduring returns, including 
                through specific activities to strengthen health 
                systems, as appropriate; and
                    (F) a plan for regularly reviewing and updating 
                programs and partnerships, and for sharing lessons 
                learned with a wide range of stakeholders in an open, 
                transparent manner.
            (3) Form.--The reports required under paragraph (1) shall 
        be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.

SEC. 203. COMMITTEE ON GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AND PANDEMIC AND 
              BIOLOGICAL THREATS.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States--
            (1) to promote global health security as a core national 
        and security interest; and
            (2) to ensure effective coordination and collaboration 
        between the relevant Federal departments and agencies engaged 
        domestically and internationally in efforts to advance the 
        global health security of the United States, in accordance with 
        paragraph (1).
    (b) Coordination.--
            (1) Defined term.--In this subsection, the term ``pandemic 
        threat'' means any infectious disease that--
                    (A) has an aggregation of cases in a community that 
                rises above what is normally expected in that 
                population in that area;
                    (B) has the potential to spread over several 
                countries or continents; and
                    (C) could, if not addressed, threaten the national 
                security of the United States.
            (2) Committee on global health security and pandemic and 
        biological threats.--There is authorized to be established, 
        within the National Security Council, the Committee on Global 
        Health Security and Pandemic and Biological Threats (referred 
        to in this subsection as the ``Committee''), whose day to day 
        operations should be led by the Special Advisor for Global 
        Health Security.
            (3) Special advisor for global health security.--The 
        Special Advisor for Global Health Security referred to in 
        paragraph (2)--
                    (A) should serve as part of the staff of the 
                National Security Council; and
                    (B) may also be the Senior Director for a Global 
                Health Security and Biodefense Directorate within the 
                Executive Office of the President, who reports to the 
                Assistant to the President for National Security 
                Affairs.
            (4) Composition.--The Committee should include the 
        following members:
                    (A) The Director of National Intelligence.
                    (B) The Secretary of State.
                    (C) The Secretary of Defense.
                    (D) The Secretary of Health and Human Services.
                    (E) The Administrator of the United States Agency 
                for International Development.
                    (F) The Secretary of Agriculture.
                    (G) The Secretary of the Treasury.
                    (H) The Attorney General.
                    (I) The Secretary of Homeland Security.
                    (J) The Office of Management and Budget.
                    (K) The Administrator of the Environmental 
                Protection Agency.
                    (L) The Director of the Centers for Disease Control 
                and Prevention.
                    (M) The Director of the Office of Science and 
                Technology Policy.
                    (N) The Assistant to the President for National 
                Security Affairs, who should serve as the chairperson 
                of the Committee.
                    (O) Such other members as the President may 
                designate.
            (5) Functions.--
                    (A) In general.--The functions of the Committee 
                should be--
                            (i) to provide strategic guidance for the 
                        development of a policy framework for 
                        activities of the United States Government 
                        relating to global health security, including 
                        pandemic prevention, preparedness and response; 
                        and
                            (ii) to ensure policy coordination between 
                        United States Government agencies, especially 
                        coordination between--
                                    (I) agencies with a primarily 
                                domestic mandate; and
                                    (II) agencies with an international 
                                mandate relating to global health 
                                security and pandemic threats.
                    (B) Activities.--In carrying out the functions 
                described in subparagraph (A), the Committee should--
                            (i) conduct, in coordination with the heads 
                        of relevant Federal agencies, a review of 
                        existing United States health security policies 
                        and strategies and develop recommendations for 
                        how the Federal Government may regularly update 
                        and harmonize such policies and strategies to 
                        ensure the timely development of a 
                        comprehensive coordinated strategy to enable 
                        the United States Government to respond to 
                        pandemic threats and to monitor the 
                        implementation of such strategies;
                            (ii) develop a plan for--
                                    (I) establishing an interagency 
                                National Center for Epidemic 
                                Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics; and
                                    (II) modernizing global early 
                                warning and trigger systems for scaling 
                                action to prevent, detect, respond to, 
                                and recover from emerging biological 
                                threats;
                            (iii) provide policy-level recommendations 
                        to participating agencies regarding the Global 
                        Health Security Agenda goals, objectives, and 
                        implementation, and other international efforts 
                        to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness 
                        and response;
                            (iv) review the progress toward, and 
                        working to resolve challenges in, achieving 
                        United States commitments under the GHSA;
                            (v) develop protocols for coordinating and 
                        deploying a global response to emerging high-
                        consequence infectious disease threats that 
                        outline the respective roles for relevant 
                        Federal agencies in facilitating and supporting 
                        such response operations that should facilitate 
                        the operational work of Federal agencies, and 
                        of the Special Advisor for Global Health 
                        Security;
                            (vi) make recommendations regarding 
                        appropriate responses to specific pandemic 
                        threats and ensure the coordination of domestic 
                        and international agencies regarding the 
                        Federal Government's efforts to prevent, 
                        detect, respond to, and recover from biological 
                        events; and
                            (vii) take steps to strengthen the global 
                        pandemic supply chain and address any barriers 
                        to the timely delivery of supplies in response 
                        to a pandemic, including through engagement 
                        with the private sector, as appropriate;
                    (C) develop policies and procedures to ensure the 
                effective sharing of information from domestic and 
                international sources about pandemic threats among the 
                relevant Federal departments and agencies, State and 
                local governments, and international partners and 
                organizations; and
                    (D) develop guidelines to enhance and improve the 
                operational coordination between State and local 
                governments and Federal agencies with respect to 
                pandemic threats.
            (6) Foreign affairs responsibilities.--The Committee should 
        not assume any foreign affairs responsibilities of the 
        Secretary of State, including the responsibility to oversee the 
        implementation of programs and policies that advance global 
        health security within foreign countries.
            (7) Specific roles and responsibilities.--
                    (A) In general.--The heads of the agencies listed 
                in paragraph (4) should--
                            (i) make global health security and 
                        pandemic threat reduction a high priority 
                        within their respective agencies, and include 
                        global health security and pandemic threat 
                        reduction-related activities within their 
                        respective agencies' strategic planning and 
                        budget processes;
                            (ii) designate a senior-level official to 
                        be responsible for global health security and 
                        pandemic threat reduction at each of their 
                        respective agencies;
                            (iii) designate, in accordance with 
                        paragraph (4), an appropriate representative at 
                        the Assistant Secretary level or higher to 
                        participate on the Committee in instances where 
                        the head of the agency cannot participate;
                            (iv) keep the Committee apprised of Global 
                        Health Security and pandemic threat reduction-
                        related activities undertaken within their 
                        respective agencies;
                            (v) ensure interagency cooperation and 
                        collaboration and maintain responsibility for 
                        agency-related programmatic functions 
                        including, as applicable, in coordination with 
                        host governments, country teams, and global 
                        health security in-country teams; and
                            (vi) keep the Committee apprised of GHSA-
                        related activities undertaken within their 
                        respective agencies.
                    (B) Additional roles and responsibilities.--In 
                addition to the roles and responsibilities described in 
                subparagraph (A), the heads of the agencies described 
                in paragraph (4) should carry out their respective 
                roles and responsibilities described in Executive Order 
                13747 (81 Fed. Reg. 78701; relating to Advancing the 
                Global Health Security Agenda to Achieve a World Safe 
                and Secure from Infectious Disease Threats) and the 
                National Security Memorandum-1 on United States Global 
                Leadership to Strengthen the International COVID-19 
                Response and to Advance Global Health Security and 
                Biological Preparedness, as in effect on the day before 
                the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 204. UNITED STATES OVERSEAS GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AND DIPLOMACY 
              COORDINATION AND STRATEGY.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established, within the Department of 
State, a Special Representative for United States International 
Activities to Advance Global Health Security and Diplomacy Overseas 
(referred to in this section as the ``Special Representative'').
    (b) Appointment; Qualifications.--The Special Representative--
            (1) shall be appointed by the President, by and with the 
        advice and consent of the Senate;
            (2) shall report to the Secretary of State; and
            (3) shall have--
                    (A) demonstrated knowledge and experience in the 
                fields of development and public health, epidemiology, 
                or medicine; and
                    (B) relevant diplomatic, policy, and political 
                expertise.
    (c) Authorities.--The Special Representative is authorized--
            (1) to operate internationally to carry out the purposes of 
        this title;
            (2) to lead in developing a global pandemic prevention, 
        preparedness and response framework to support global pandemic 
        prevention, preparedness, responses and recovery efforts, 
        including through--
                    (A) diplomatic engagement and related foreign 
                policy efforts, such as multilateral and bilateral 
                arrangements, enhanced coordination of engagement with 
                multilateral organizations and countries, and the 
                mobilization of donor contributions; and
                    (B) support for United States citizens living 
                abroad, including consular support;
            (3) to serve as the representative of the Secretary of the 
        State on the Committee on Global Health Security and Pandemic 
        and Biological Threats under section 202;
            (4) to represent the United States on the Fund for Global 
        Health Security and Pandemic Prevention and Preparedness 
        established pursuant to section 302(a);
            (5) to transfer and allocate United States foreign 
        assistance funding authorized to be appropriated pursuant to 
        subsection (f) to the relevant Federal departments and agencies 
        implementing the strategy required under section 202, in 
        coordination with the Office of Management and Budget, the 
        United States Agency for International Development, the 
        Department of Health and Human Services, and the Office of 
        Foreign Assistance Resources in the Department of State;
            (6) to utilize detailees, on a reimbursable or 
        nonreimbursable basis, from the relevant Federal departments 
        and agencies and hire personal service contractors, who may 
        operate domestically and internationally, to ensure that the 
        Office of the Special Representative has access to the highest 
        quality experts available to the United States Government to 
        carry out the functions under this Act; and
            (7) to perform such other functions as the Secretary of 
        State may assign.
    (d) Duties.--The Special Representative shall coordinate, manage, 
and oversee United States foreign policy, diplomatic efforts, and 
foreign assistance funded with amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (f) to advance the United States Global Health Security and 
Diplomacy Strategy developed pursuant to section 202, including by--
            (1) developing and coordinating a global pandemic 
        prevention, preparedness and response framework to support 
        pandemic preparedness, responses and recovery efforts, and 
        related foreign policy measures, such as multilateral and 
        bilateral arrangements;
            (2) enhancing engagement with multilateral organizations 
        and partner countries, including through the mobilization of 
        donor support;
            (3) enhancing coordination of consular services for United 
        States citizens abroad in the event of a global health 
        emergency;
            (4) ensuring effective program coordination and 
        implementation by the relevant Federal departments and agencies 
        by--
                    (A) formulating, issuing, and updating related 
                policy guidance;
                    (B) establishing, in consultation with the United 
                States Agency for International Development and the 
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unified 
                auditing, monitoring, and evaluation plans;
                    (C) aligning, in coordination with United States 
                chiefs of mission and country teams in partner 
                countries--
                            (i) the foreign assistance resources funded 
                        with amounts appropriated pursuant to 
                        subsection (f); and
                            (ii) the implementation plans required 
                        under section 202(c)(2) with the relevant 
                        Federal departments and agencies in a manner 
                        that--
                                    (I) is consistent with Executive 
                                Order 13747 (81 Fed. Reg. 78701; 
                                relating to Advancing the Global Health 
                                Security Agenda to Achieve a World Safe 
                                and Secure from Infectious Disease 
                                Threats);
                                    (II) is consistent with the 
                                National Security Memorandum on United 
                                States Global Leadership to Strengthen 
                                the International COVID-19 Response and 
                                to Advance Global Health Security and 
                                Biological Preparedness, issued by 
                                President Biden on January 21, 2021; 
                                and
                                    (III) reflects and leverages the 
                                unique capabilities of each such 
                                department and agency;
                    (D) convening, as appropriate, an interagency 
                working group on pandemic prevention and preparedness, 
                headed by the Special Representative and including 
                representatives from the relevant Federal departments 
                and agencies, to facilitate coordination of activities 
                relating to pandemic prevention and preparedness in 
                partner countries under this Act;
                    (E) working with, and leveraging the expertise and 
                activities of, the Office of the United States Global 
                AIDS Coordinator, the Office of the United States 
                Global Malaria Coordinator, and similar or successor 
                entities that are implementing United States global 
                health assistance overseas; and
                    (F) avoiding duplication of effort and working to 
                resolve policy, program, and funding disputes among the 
                relevant Federal departments and agencies;
            (5) leading diplomatic efforts to identify and address 
        current and emerging threats to global health security;
            (6) ensuring, in coordination with the Secretary of Health 
        and Human Services and the Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development, effective representation 
        of the United States in relevant international forums, 
        including at the World Health Organization, the World Health 
        Assembly, and meetings of the Global Health Security Agenda and 
        of the Global Health Security Initiative;
            (7) working to enhance coordination with, and transparency 
        among, the governments of partner countries and key 
        stakeholders, including the private sector;
            (8) promoting greater donor and national investment in 
        partner countries to build more resilient health systems and 
        supply chains, including through representation and 
        participation in a multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism 
        for global health security and pandemic prevention and 
        preparedness, consistent with title III;
            (9) securing bilateral and multilateral financing 
        commitments to advance the Global Health Security Agenda, 
        including through funding for the financing mechanism described 
        in title III; and
            (10) providing regular updates to the appropriate 
        congressional committees regarding the fulfillment of the 
        duties described in this subsection.
    (e) Deputy Representative.--The Special Representative should be 
supported by a deputy, who--
            (1) should be an employee of the United States Agency for 
        International Development serving in a career or noncareer 
        position in the Senior Executive Service or at the level of a 
        Deputy Assistant Administrator or higher;
            (2) should have demonstrated knowledge and experience in 
        the fields of development and public health, epidemiology, or 
        medicine; and
            (3) serves concurrently as the deputy and performs the 
        functions described in section 3(h) of Executive Order 13747 
        (81 Fed. Reg. 78701).
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        $3,000,000,000, for the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 
        2022, to carry out the purposes of this section and title III, 
        which, in consultation with the appropriate congressional 
        committees and subject to the requirements under chapters 1 and 
        10 of part I and section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), may include support for--
                    (A) enhancing preparedness in partner countries 
                through implementation of the Global Health Security 
                Strategy developed pursuant to section 202;
                    (B) replenishing the Emergency Reserve Fund at the 
                United States Agency for International Development, 
                established pursuant to section 7058(c)(1) of the 
                Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related 
                Programs Appropriations Act, 2017 (division J of Public 
                Law 115-31) to address new or emerging infectious 
                disease threats, as necessary and appropriate;
                    (C) United States contributions to the World Bank 
                Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Multi-Donor 
                Fund; and
                    (D) United States contributions to a multilateral, 
                catalytic financing mechanism for global health 
                security and pandemic prevention and preparedness 
                described in section 302.
            (2) Exception.--Section 110 of the Trafficking Victims 
        Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7107) shall not apply to 
        assistance made available pursuant to this subsection.

SEC. 205. RESILIENCE.

    It shall be the policy of the United States to support the growth 
of healthier, more stable societies, while advancing the global health 
security interests of the United States by working with key 
stakeholders--
            (1) in developing countries that are highly vulnerable to 
        the emergence, reemergence, and spread of infectious diseases 
        with pandemic potential, including diseases resulting from 
        natural and manmade disasters, human displacement, loss of 
        natural habitat, poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene, 
        and other political, security, economic, and climatic shocks 
        and stresses;
            (2) to develop effective tools to identify, analyze, 
        forecast, and mitigate the risks that make such countries 
        vulnerable;
            (3) to better integrate short-, medium-, and long-term 
        recovery efforts into global health emergency response and 
        disaster relief; and
            (4) to ensure that international assistance and financing 
        tools are effectively designed, objectively informed, 
        strategically targeted, carefully coordinated, reasonably 
        adapted, and rigorously monitored and evaluated in a manner 
        that advances the policy objectives under this section.

SEC. 206. STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States to ensure that bilateral global health assistance programs are 
effectively managed and coordinated to contribute to the strengthening 
of health systems in each country in which such programs are carried 
out, as necessary and appropriate.
    (b) Coordination.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
for International Development (referred to in this section as 
``USAID'') shall work with the Director of the Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention, the Global Malaria Coordinator, and the United 
States Global AIDS Coordinator and Special Representative for Global 
Health Diplomacy at the Department of State to identify areas of 
collaboration and coordination in countries with global health programs 
and activities undertaken by USAID pursuant to the United States 
Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 
(Public Law 108-25) and other relevant statutes to ensure that such 
activities contribute to health systems strengthening.
    (c) Pilot Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of USAID should identify 
        not fewer than 5 countries in which the United States has 
        significant bilateral investments in global health to develop 
        an integrated approach toward health systems strengthening that 
        takes advantage of all sources of funding for global health in 
        such country, with the aim of establishing a model for 
        coordinating health systems strengthening activities in 
        additional countries in the future.
            (2) Assessment.--In the countries selected under paragraph 
        (1), USAID missions, in consultation with USAID's Office of 
        Health Systems Strengthening, should conduct an assessment 
        that--
                    (A) takes a comprehensive view of the constraints 
                in the country's health system that prevent the 
                achievement of desired outcomes of United States 
                Government-supported health programs;
                    (B) identifies the best opportunities for improving 
                health systems to achieve improved outcomes, including 
                obstacles to health service delivery;
                    (C) maps the resources of the country and other 
                donors in the health sector with a focus on investment 
                in health system strengthening; and
                    (D) develops and implements a new or revised 5-year 
                strategy for United States assistance, based on the 
                results of the assessment described in subparagraph 
                (A), to strengthen the country's health system that--
                            (i) provides a framework for implementing 
                        such strategy;
                            (ii) identifies key areas for United States 
                        Government investments to strengthen the health 
                        system in alignment with other donors;
                            (iii) specifies the anticipated role of 
                        health programs undertaken by each of the 
                        relevant Federal departments and agencies 
                        operating in the country in implementing such 
                        strategy; and
                            (iv) includes clear goals, benchmarks, 
                        outputs, desired outcomes, a means of measuring 
                        progress and a cost analysis.
            (3) Strategies to strengthen health systems.--USAID 
        missions in countries identified pursuant paragraph (1) should 
        develop a strategy to strengthen health systems based on the 
        assessment developed pursuant to paragraph (2) that--
                    (A) ensures complementarity with priorities 
                identified under any other action plan focused on 
                strengthening a country's health system, such as the 
                World Health Organization's Joint External Evaluation 
                and National Action Plans for Health Security;
                    (B) identifies bureaucratic barriers and 
                inefficiencies, including poor linkages between 
                government ministries and between ministries and donor 
                agencies and the extent of any corruption, and identify 
                actions to overcome such barriers;
                    (C) identifies potential obstacles to the 
                implementation of the strategy, such as issues relating 
                to lack of political will or poor governance of an 
                effective health system at all levels of the country's 
                public health systems, especially with respect to 
                governing bodies and councils at the provincial, 
                district, and community levels;
                    (D) includes proposals for mobilizing sufficient 
                and durable financing for health systems;
                    (E) identifies barriers to building and retaining 
                an effective frontline health workforce with key global 
                health security capacities, informed by the 
                International Health Regulations (2005), including--
                            (i) strengthened data collection and 
                        analysis;
                            (ii) data driven decisionmaking capacity; 
                        and
                            (iii) recommendations for partner country 
                        actions to achieve a workforce that conforms 
                        with the World Health Organization's 
                        recommendation for at least 44.5 doctors, 
                        nurses, and midwives for every 10,000 people;
                    (F) identifies deficiencies in information systems 
                and communication technologies that prevent linkages at 
                all levels of the health system delivery and medical 
                supply systems and promotes interoperability across 
                data systems with real time data, while protecting data 
                security;
                    (G) identifies weaknesses in supply chain and 
                procurement systems and practices, and recommends ways 
                to improve the efficiency, transparency, and 
                effectiveness of such systems and practices;
                    (H) identifies obstacles to health service access 
                and quality and improved health outcomes for women and 
                girls, and for the poorest and most vulnerable, 
                including a lack of social support and other underlying 
                causes, and recommendations for how to overcome such 
                obstacles;
                    (I) includes plans for integrating innovations in 
                health technologies, services, and systems;
                    (J) identifies barriers to health literacy, 
                community engagement, and patient empowerment, and 
                recommendations for overcoming such barriers;
                    (K) includes proposals for strengthening community 
                health systems and the community-based health workforce 
                informed by the World Health Organization guideline on 
                health policy and system support to optimize community 
                health worker programmes (2018), including the 
                professionalization of community health workers; and
                    (L) describes the role of the private sector and 
                nongovernmental health providers, including community 
                groups engaged in health promotion and mutual 
                assistance and other institutions engaged in health 
                delivery, including the extent to which the local 
                population utilizes such health services.
            (4) Consultation.--In developing a strategy pursuant to 
        paragraph (3), each USAID mission should consult with a wide 
        variety of stakeholders, including--
                    (A) relevant partner government institutions;
                    (B) professional associations;
                    (C) patient groups;
                    (D) civil society organizations (including 
                international nongovernmental organizations with 
                relevant expertise in program implementation); and
                    (E) the private sector.
    (d) International Efforts.--
            (1) Coordination.--The Secretary of State, in coordination 
        with the Administrator of USAID, should work with the Global 
        Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, Gavi, the 
        Vaccine Alliance, bilateral donors, and other relevant 
        multilateral and international organizations and stakeholders 
        to develop--
                    (A) shared core indicators for strengthened health 
                systems;
                    (B) agreements among donors that reporting 
                requirements for health systems come from country 
                systems to reduce the burden placed on partner 
                countries;
                    (C) structures for joint assessments, plans, 
                auditing, and consultations; and
                    (D) a regularized approach to coordination on 
                health systems strengthening.
    (e) Public Private Partnerships To Improve Health Systems 
Strengthening.--
            (1) Inclusion in country strategies.--The country 
        strategies developed under subsection (c)(3) should include a 
        section that--
                    (A) discusses the role of the private sector 
                (including corporate, local, and international 
                organizations with relevant expertise); and
                    (B) identifies relevant opportunities for the 
                private sector--
                            (i) to accelerate research and development 
                        of innovative health and information 
                        technology, and to offer training related to 
                        its use;
                            (ii) to contribute to improvements in 
                        health administration and management processes;
                            (iii) to improve system efficiency;
                            (iv) to develop training related to 
                        clinical practice guidelines; and
                            (v) to help countries develop systems for 
                        documenting outcomes and achievements related 
                        to activities undertaken to strengthen the 
                        health sector.
    (f) Authorization for Use of Funds.--Amounts authorized to be 
appropriated or otherwise made available to carry out section 104 of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b) may be made 
available to carry out this section.

SEC. 207. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Chapter 1 of part I of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 104(c)(1) (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)(1)), by 
        inserting ``(emphasizing health systems strengthening, as 
        appropriate)'' after ``health services'';
            (2) in section 104A (22 U.S.C. 2151b-2)--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(3)(D), by striking 
                ``including health care systems, under other 
                international donor support'' and inserting ``including 
                through support for health systems strengthening, under 
                other donor support''; and
                    (B) in subsection (f)(3)(Q), by inserting ``the 
                Office of the United States Global AIDS Coordinator, 
                partner countries, and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, 
                Tuberculosis, and Malaria to ensure that their actions 
                support the activities taken to strengthen the overall 
                health systems in recipient countries, and efforts by'' 
                after ``efforts by''; and
            (3) in section 104B(g)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2151b-3(g)(2)), by 
        inserting ``strengthening the health system of the country 
        and'' after ``contribute to''.
    (b) United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and 
Malaria Act of 2003.--Section 204 of the United States Leadership 
Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 
7623) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``in a manner 
                that is coordinated with, and contributes to, efforts 
                through other assistance activities being carried out 
                to strengthen national health systems and health 
                policies'' after ``systems''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``as 
                        part of a strategy to improve overall health'' 
                        before the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) to contribute to efforts that build health 
                systems capable of preventing, detecting and responding 
                to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other infectious 
                diseases with pandemic potential.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``receive funding to 
        carry out programs to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and 
        malaria'' and inserting ``more effectively budget for and 
        receive funding to carry out programs to strengthen health 
        systems such that countries are able to more effectively combat 
        HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, to prevent, respond and 
        detect other diseases with pandemic potential,''.

SEC. 208. AUTHORIZATION FOR UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN THE 
              COALITION FOR EPIDEMIC PREPAREDNESS INNOVATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The United States is authorized to participate in 
the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (referred to in 
this section as ``CEPI'').
    (b) Investors Council and Board of Directors.--
            (1) Initial designation.--The President shall designate an 
        employee of the United States Agency for International 
        Development to serve on the Investors Council and, if 
        nominated, on the Board of Directors of CEPI, as a 
        representative of the United States during the period beginning 
        on the date of such designation and ending on September 30, 
        2022.
            (2) Ongoing designations.--The President may designate an 
        employee of the relevant Federal department or agency with 
        fiduciary responsibility for United States contributions to 
        CEPI to serve on the Investors Council and, if nominated, on 
        the Board of Directors of CEPI, as a representative of the 
        United States.
            (3) Qualifications.--Any employee designated pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) or (2) shall have demonstrated knowledge and 
        experience in the fields of development and public health, 
        epidemiology, or medicine, from the Federal department or 
        agency with primary fiduciary responsibility for United States 
        contributions pursuant to subsection (c).
    (c) Consultation.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the employee designated pursuant to subsection 
(b)(1) shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees 
regarding--
            (1) the manner and extent to which the United States plans 
        to participate in CEPI, including through the governance of 
        CEPI;
            (2) any planned financial contributions from the United 
        States to CEPI; and
            (3) how participation in CEPI is expected to support--
                    (A) the United States Global Health Security 
                Strategy required under this Act;
                    (B) the applicable revision of the National 
                Biodefense Strategy required under section 1086 of the 
                National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 
                (6 U.S.C. 104); and
                    (C) any other relevant programs relating to global 
                health security and biodefense.
    (d) United States Contributions.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        the President, consistent with the provisions under section 
        10003(a)(1) of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, should 
        make an immediate contribution to CEPI in the amount of 
        $300,000,000, to expand research and development of vaccines to 
        combat the spread of COVID-19 variants.
            (2) Notification.--Not later than 15 days before a 
        contribution is made available pursuant to paragraph (1), the 
        President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees 
        of the details of the amount, purposes, and national interests 
        served by such contribution.

SEC. 209. NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATE AND BRIEFING REGARDING NOVEL 
              DISEASES AND PANDEMIC THREATS.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``appropriate 
committees of Congress'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 
        of the Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (5) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the 
        House of Representatives; and
            (6) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) National Intelligence Estimates.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the 
        following 4 years, the National Intelligence Council shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a National 
        Intelligence Estimate regarding the risks posed to the national 
        security interests of the United States by the emergence, 
        reemergence, and overseas transmission of pathogens with 
        pandemic potential.
            (2) Elements.--The National Intelligence Estimate submitted 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) identify the countries or regions most 
                vulnerable to the emergence or reemergence of a 
                pathogen with pandemic potential, including the most 
                likely sources and pathways of such emergence or 
                reemergence, whether naturally occurring, accidental, 
                or deliberate;
                    (B) assess the likelihood that a pathogen described 
                in subparagraph (A) will spread to the United States, 
                the United States Armed Forces, diplomatic or 
                development personnel of the United States stationed 
                abroad, or citizens of the United States living abroad 
                in a manner that could lead to an epidemic in the 
                United States or otherwise affect the national security 
                or economic prosperity of the United States;
                    (C) assess the preparedness of countries around the 
                world, particularly those identified pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A), to prevent, detect, and respond to 
                pandemic threats; and
                    (D) identify any scientific, capacity, or 
                governance gaps in the preparedness of countries 
                identified pursuant to subparagraph (A), including an 
                analysis of the capacity and performance of any country 
                or entity described in subparagraph (C) in complying 
                with biosecurity standards, as applicable.
    (c) Congressional Briefings.--The National Intelligence Council 
shall provide an annual briefing to the appropriate committees of 
Congress regarding--
            (1) the most recent National Intelligence Estimate 
        submitted pursuant to subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) the emergence or reemergence of pathogens with pandemic 
        potential that could lead to an epidemic described in 
        subsection (b)(2)(B).
    (d) Public Availability.--The Director of National Intelligence 
shall make publicly available an unclassified version of each National 
Intelligence Estimate submitted pursuant to subsection (b)(1).

SEC. 210. PANDEMIC EARLY WARNING NETWORK.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads 
of the other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall work with 
the World Health Organization and other key stakeholders to establish 
or strengthen effective early warning systems, at the partner country, 
regional, and international levels, that utilize innovative information 
and analytical tools and robust review processes to track, document, 
analyze, and forecast infectious disease threats with epidemic and 
pandemic potential.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary 
of Health and Human Services and the heads of the other relevant 
Federal departments and agencies, shall submit a report to the 
appropriate congressional committees that describes United States 
Government efforts and opportunities to establish or strengthen 
effective early warning systems for infectious disease threats.

SEC. 211. INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that it is 
essential to enhance the capacity of key stakeholders to effectively 
operationalize early warning and execute multi-sectoral emergency 
operations during an infectious disease outbreak, particularly in 
countries and areas that deliberately withhold critical global health 
data and delay access during an infectious disease outbreak in advance 
of the next infectious disease outbreak with pandemic potential.
    (b) Public Health Emergencies of International Concern.--The 
Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, should work with the World Health Organization and 
like-minded member states to adopt an approach toward assessing 
infectious disease threats under the International Health Regulations 
(2005) for the World Health Organization to identify and transparently 
communicate, on an ongoing basis, varying levels of risk leading up to 
a declaration by the Director General of the World Health Organization 
of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern for the duration 
and in the aftermath of such declaration.
    (c) Emergency Operations.--The Secretary of State, in coordination 
with the United States Agency for International Development and other 
relevant Federal departments and agencies and consistent with the 
requirements under the International Health Regulations (2005) and the 
objectives of the World Health Organization's Health Emergencies 
Programme, the Global Health Security Agenda, and national actions 
plans for health security, shall work, in coordination with the World 
Health Organization, with partner countries and other key stakeholders 
to support the establishment, strengthening, and rapid response 
capacity of global health emergency operations centers, at the national 
and international levels, including efforts--
            (1) to collect and share data, assess risk, and 
        operationalize early warning;
            (2) to secure, including through utilization of stand-by 
        arrangements and emergency funding mechanisms, the staff, 
        systems, and resources necessary to execute cross-sectoral 
        emergency operations during the 48-hour period immediately 
        following an infectious disease outbreak with pandemic 
        potential; and
            (3) to organize and conduct emergency simulations.

TITLE III--FINANCING MECHANISM FOR GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AND PANDEMIC 
                      PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS

SEC. 301. ELIGIBLE PARTNER COUNTRY DEFINED.

    In this title, the term ``eligible partner country'' means a 
country in which the Fund for Global Health Security and Pandemic 
Prevention and Preparedness to be established under section 302 may 
finance global health security and pandemic prevention and preparedness 
assistance programs under this Act based on the country's 
demonstrated--
            (1) need, as identified through the Joint External 
        Evaluation process, the Global Health Security Index 
        classification of health systems, national action plans for 
        health security, and other complementary or successor 
        indicators of global health security and pandemic prevention 
        and preparedness; and
            (2) commitment to transparency, including--
                    (A) budget and global health data transparency;
                    (B) complying with the International Health 
                Regulations (2005);
                    (C) investing in domestic health systems; and
                    (D) achieving measurable results.

SEC. 302. ESTABLISHMENT OF FUND FOR GLOBAL HEALTH SECURITY AND PANDEMIC 
              PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS.

    (a) Negotiations for Establishment of Fund for Global Health 
Security and Pandemic Prevention and Preparedness.--The Secretary of 
State, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads 
of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as necessary and 
appropriate, should seek to enter into negotiations with donors, 
relevant United Nations agencies, including the World Health 
Organization, and other key multilateral stakeholders, to establish--
            (1) a multilateral, catalytic financing mechanism for 
        global health security and pandemic prevention and 
        preparedness, which may be known as the Fund for Global Health 
        Security and Pandemic Prevention and Preparedness (in this 
        title referred to as ``the Fund''), to address the need for and 
        secure durable financing in accordance with the provisions of 
        this section; and
            (2) an Advisory Board to the Fund in accordance with 
        section 305.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Fund should be--
            (1) to close critical gaps in global health security and 
        pandemic prevention and preparedness; and
            (2) to build capacity in eligible partner countries in the 
        areas of global health security, infectious disease control, 
        and pandemic prevention and preparedness, in a manner that--
                    (A) prioritizes capacity building and financing 
                availability in eligible partner countries;
                    (B) incentivizes countries to prioritize the use of 
                domestic resources for global health security and 
                pandemic prevention and preparedness;
                    (C) leverages government, nongovernment, and 
                private sector investments;
                    (D) regularly responds to and evaluates progress 
                based on clear metrics and benchmarks, such as the 
                Joint External Evaluation and the Global Health 
                Security Index;
                    (E) aligns with and complements ongoing bilateral 
                and multilateral efforts and financing, including 
                through the World Bank, the World Health Organization, 
                the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and 
                Malaria, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and 
                Innovation, and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; and
                    (F) helps countries accelerate and achieve 
                compliance with the International Health Regulations 
                (2005) and the fulfillment of the Global Health 
                Security Agenda 2024 Framework not later than 5 years 
                after the date on which the Fund is established, in 
                coordination with the ongoing Joint External Evaluation 
                national action planning process.
    (c) Executive Board.--
            (1) In general.--The Fund should be governed by a 
        transparent and accountable body (referred to in this title as 
        the ``Executive Board''), which should be composed of not more 
        than 20 representatives of donor governments, foundations, 
        academic institutions, civil society, indigenous people, and 
        the private sector that meet a minimum threshold in annual 
        contributions and agree to uphold transparency measures.
            (2) Duties.--The Executive Board should--
                    (A) be charged with approving strategies, 
                operations, and grant making authorities in order to 
                conduct effective fiduciary, monitoring, and evaluation 
                efforts, and other oversight functions;
                    (B) be comprised only of contributors to the Fund 
                at not less than the minimum threshold to be 
                established pursuant to paragraph (1);
                    (C) determine operational procedures such that the 
                Fund is able to effectively fulfill its mission;
                    (D) provide oversight and accountability for the 
                Fund in collaboration with the Inspector General to be 
                established pursuant to section 304(e)(1)(A); and
                    (E) develop and utilize a mechanism to obtain 
                formal input from partner countries relative to lessons 
                learned with regard to program implementation.
            (3) Composition.--The Executive Board should include--
                    (A) representatives of the governments of founding 
                permanent member countries who, in addition to the 
                requirements under paragraph (1), qualify based upon 
                meeting an established initial contribution threshold, 
                which should be not less than 10 percent of total 
                initial contributions, and a demonstrated commitment to 
                supporting the International Health Regulations (2005);
                    (B) a geographically diverse group of term members 
                who--
                            (i) come from academic institutions, civil 
                        society, including indigenous organizations, 
                        and the private sector; and
                            (ii) are selected by the permanent members 
                        on the basis of their experience and commitment 
                        to innovation, best practices, and the 
                        advancement of global health security 
                        objectives;
                    (C) representatives of the World Health 
                Organization;
                    (D) the chair of the Global Health Security 
                Steering Group; and
                    (E) representatives from low- and middle-income 
                countries that are or will be implementing a national 
                pandemic prevention plan.
            (4) Qualifications.--Individuals appointed to the Executive 
        Board should have demonstrated knowledge and experience across 
        a variety of sectors, including human and animal health, 
        agriculture, development, defense, finance, research, and 
        academia.
            (5) Conflicts of interest.--
                    (A) Technical experts.--The Executive Board may 
                include independent technical experts who are not 
                affiliated with, or employed by, a recipient country or 
                organization.
                    (B) Multilateral bodies and institutions.--
                Executive Board members appointed pursuant to paragraph 
                (3)(C) should recuse themselves from matters presenting 
                conflicts of interest, including financing decisions 
                relating to such bodies and institutions.
            (6) United states representation.--
                    (A) Founding permanent member.--The Secretary of 
                State should seek--
                            (i) to establish the United States as a 
                        founding permanent member of the Fund; and
                            (ii) to ensure that the United States is 
                        represented on the Executive Board by an 
                        officer or employee of the United States, who 
                        shall be appointed by the President.
                    (B) Effective and termination dates.--
                            (i) Effective date.--This paragraph shall 
                        take effect upon the date on which the 
                        Secretary of State certifies and submits to 
                        Congress an agreement establishing the Fund.
                            (ii) Termination date.--The membership 
                        established pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall 
                        terminate upon the date of termination of the 
                        Fund.
            (7) Removal procedures.--The Fund should establish 
        procedures for the removal of members of the Executive Board 
        who--
                    (A) engage in a consistent pattern of human rights 
                abuses;
                    (B) fail to uphold global health data transparency 
                requirements; or
                    (C) otherwise violate the established standards of 
                the Fund, including in relation to corruption.

SEC. 303. AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Program Objectives.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the purpose set forth in 
        section 302, the Fund, acting through the Executive Board, 
        should--
                    (A) provide grants, including challenge grants, 
                technical assistance, concessional lending, catalytic 
                investment funds, and other innovative funding 
                mechanisms, as appropriate--
                            (i) to help eligible partner countries 
                        close critical gaps in health security, as 
                        identified through the Joint External 
                        Evaluation process, the Global Health Security 
                        Index classification of health systems, and 
                        national action plans for health security and 
                        other complementary or successor indicators of 
                        global health security and pandemic prevention 
                        and preparedness; and
                            (ii) to support measures that enable such 
                        countries, at the national and subnational 
                        levels, and in partnership with civil society 
                        and the private sector, to strengthen and 
                        sustain resilient health systems and supply 
                        chains with the resources, capacity, and 
                        personnel required to prevent, detect, 
                        mitigate, and respond to infectious disease 
                        threats, including zoonotic spillover, before 
                        they become pandemics; and
                    (B) develop recommendations for a mechanism for 
                assisting countries that are at high risk for zoonotic 
                spillover events with pandemic potential to participate 
                in the Global Health Security Agenda and the Joint 
                External Evaluations.
            (2) Activities supported.--The activities to be supported 
        by the Fund should include efforts--
                    (A) to enable eligible partner countries to 
                formulate and implement national health security and 
                pandemic prevention and preparedness action plans, 
                advance action packages under the Global Health 
                Security Agenda, and adopt and uphold commitments under 
                the International Health Regulations (2005) and other 
                related international health agreements and 
                arrangements, as appropriate;
                    (B) to support health security budget planning in 
                eligible partner countries, including training in 
                public financial management and budget and health data 
                transparency;
                    (C) to strengthen the health workforce, including 
                hiring, training, and deploying experts to improve 
                frontline prevention of, and monitoring and 
                preparedness for, unknown, new, emerging, or reemerging 
                pathogens, epidemics, and pandemic threats;
                    (D) to improve infection prevention and control and 
                the protection of healthcare workers within healthcare 
                settings;
                    (E) to combat the threat of antimicrobial 
                resistance;
                    (F) to strengthen laboratory capacity and promote 
                biosafety and biosecurity through the provision of 
                material and technical assistance;
                    (G) to reduce the risk of bioterrorism, zoonotic 
                disease spillover, and accidental biological release;
                    (H) to build technical capacity to manage health 
                supply chains for commodities, equipment, and supplies, 
                including for personal protective equipment, testing 
                reagents, and other lifesaving supplies, through 
                effective forecasting, procurement, warehousing, and 
                delivery from central warehouses to points of service 
                in both the public and private sectors;
                    (I) to enable bilateral, regional, and 
                international partnerships and cooperation, including 
                through pandemic early warning systems and emergency 
                operations centers, to identify and address 
                transnational infectious disease threats exacerbated by 
                natural and man-made disasters, human displacement, and 
                zoonotic infection;
                    (J) to establish partnerships for the sharing of 
                best practices and enabling eligible countries to meet 
                targets and indicators under the Joint External 
                Evaluation process, the Global Health Security Index 
                classification of health systems, and national action 
                plans for health security relating to the prevention, 
                detection, and treatment of neglected tropical 
                diseases;
                    (K) to build the technical capacity of eligible 
                partner countries to prepare for and respond to second 
                order development impacts of infectious disease 
                outbreaks, while accounting for the differentiated 
                needs and vulnerabilities of marginalized populations;
                    (L) to develop and utilize metrics to monitor and 
                evaluate programmatic performance and identify best 
                practices, including in accordance with Joint External 
                Evaluation benchmarks, Global Health Security Agenda 
                targets, and Global Health Security Index indicators;
                    (M) to develop and deploy mechanisms to enhance the 
                transparency and accountability of global health 
                security and pandemic prevention and preparedness 
                programs and data, in compliance with the International 
                Health Regulations (2005), including through the 
                sharing of trends, risks, and lessons learned;
                    (N) to develop and implement simulation exercises, 
                produce and release after action reports, and address 
                related gaps;
                    (O) to support countries in conducting Joint 
                External Evaluations; and
                    (P) to improve surveillance capacity in partner 
                counties such that those countries are better able to 
                detect and respond to known and unknown pathogens and 
                zoonotic infectious diseases.
            (3) Implementation of program objectives.--In carrying out 
        the objectives under paragraph (1), the Fund should work to 
        eliminate duplication and waste by upholding strict 
        transparency and accountability standards and coordinating its 
        programs and activities with key partners working to advance 
        global health security and pandemic prevention and 
        preparedness, including--
                    (A) governments, civil society, nongovernmental 
                organizations, research and academic institutions, and 
                private sector entities in eligible partner countries;
                    (B) the pandemic early warning systems and 
                international emergency operations centers to be 
                established under sections 210 and 211;
                    (C) the World Health Organization;
                    (D) the Global Health Security Agenda;
                    (E) the Global Health Security Initiative;
                    (F) the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, 
                and Malaria;
                    (G) the United Nations Office for the Coordination 
                of Humanitarian Affairs, UNICEF, and other relevant 
                funds, programs, and specialized agencies of the United 
                Nations;
                    (H) Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance;
                    (I) the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness 
                Innovations (CEPI); and
                    (J) the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
    (b) Priority.--In providing assistance under this section, the Fund 
should give priority to low-and lower middle income countries with--
            (1) low scores on the Global Health Security Index 
        classification of health systems;
            (2) measurable gaps in global health security and pandemic 
        prevention and preparedness identified under Joint External 
        Evaluations and national action plans for health security;
            (3) demonstrated political and financial commitment to 
        pandemic prevention and preparedness; and
            (4) demonstrated commitment to upholding global health 
        budget and data transparency and accountability standards, 
        complying with the International Health Regulations (2005), 
        investing in domestic health systems, and achieving measurable 
        results.
    (c) Eligible Grant Recipients.--Governments and nongovernmental 
organizations should be eligible to receive grants as described in this 
section.

SEC. 304. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Appointment of Administrator.--The Executive Board should 
appoint an Administrator, who should be responsible for managing the 
day-to-day operations of the Fund.
    (b) Authority To Accept and Solicit Contributions.--The Fund should 
be authorized to solicit and accept contributions from governments, the 
private sector, foundations, individuals, and nongovernmental entities.
    (c) Accountability of Funds and Criteria for Programs.--As part of 
the negotiations described in section 302(a), the Secretary of the 
State, consistent with subsection (d), shall--
            (1) take such actions as are necessary to ensure that the 
        Fund will have in effect adequate procedures and standards to 
        account for and monitor the use of funds contributed to the 
        Fund, including the cost of administering the Fund; and
            (2) seek agreement on the criteria that should be used to 
        determine the programs and activities that should be assisted 
        by the Fund.
    (d) Selection of Partner Countries, Projects, and Recipients.--The 
Executive Board should establish--
            (1) eligible partner country selection criteria, to include 
        transparent metrics to measure and assess global health 
        security and pandemic prevention and preparedness strengths and 
        vulnerabilities in countries seeking assistance;
            (2) minimum standards for ensuring eligible partner country 
        ownership and commitment to long-term results, including 
        requirements for domestic budgeting, resource mobilization, and 
        co-investment;
            (3) criteria for the selection of projects to receive 
        support from the Fund;
            (4) standards and criteria regarding qualifications of 
        recipients of such support;
            (5) such rules and procedures as may be necessary for cost-
        effective management of the Fund; and
            (6) such rules and procedures as may be necessary to ensure 
        transparency and accountability in the grant-making process.
    (e) Additional Transparency and Accountability Requirements.--
            (1) Inspector general.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary of State shall seek 
                to ensure that--
                            (i) the Fund maintains an independent 
                        Office of the Inspector General; and
                            (ii) such office has the requisite 
                        resources and capacity to regularly conduct and 
                        publish, on a publicly accessible website, 
                        rigorous financial, programmatic, and reporting 
                        audits and investigations of the Fund and its 
                        grantees.
                    (B) Sense of congress on corruption.--It is the 
                sense of Congress that--
                            (i) corruption within global health 
                        programs contribute directly to the loss of 
                        human life and cannot be tolerated; and
                            (ii) in making financial recoveries 
                        relating to a corrupt act or criminal conduct 
                        under a grant, as determined by the Inspector 
                        General, the responsible grant recipient should 
                        be assessed at a recovery rate of up to 150 
                        percent of such loss.
            (2) Administrative expenses.--The Secretary of State shall 
        seek to ensure the Fund establishes, maintains, and makes 
        publicly available a system to track the administrative and 
        management costs of the Fund on a quarterly basis.
            (3) Financial tracking systems.--The Secretary of State 
        shall ensure that the Fund establishes, maintains, and makes 
        publicly available a system to track the amount of funds 
        disbursed to each grant recipient and sub-recipient during a 
        grant's fiscal cycle.
            (4) Exemption from duties and taxes.--The Secretary should 
        ensure that the Fund adopts rules that condition grants upon 
        agreement by the relevant national authorities in an eligible 
        partner country to exempt from duties and taxes all products 
        financed by such grants, including procurements by any 
        principal or sub-recipient for the purpose of carrying out such 
        grants.

SEC. 305. ADVISORY BOARD.

    (a) In General.--There should be an Advisory Board to the Fund.
    (b) Appointments.--The members of the Advisory Board should be 
composed of--
            (1) a geographically diverse group of individuals that 
        includes representation from low- and middle-income countries;
            (2) individuals with experience and leadership in the 
        fields of development, global health, epidemiology, medicine, 
        biomedical research, and social sciences; and
            (3) representatives of relevant United Nations agencies, 
        including the World Health Organization, and nongovernmental 
        organizations with on-the-ground experience in implementing 
        global health programs in low and lower-middle income 
        countries.
    (c) Responsibilities.--The Advisory Board should provide advice and 
guidance to the Executive Board of the Fund on the development and 
implementation of programs and projects to be assisted by the Fund and 
on leveraging donations to the Fund.
    (d) Prohibition on Payment of Compensation.--
            (1) In general.--Except for travel expenses (including per 
        diem in lieu of subsistence), no member of the Advisory Board 
        should receive compensation for services performed as a member 
        of the Board.
            (2) United states representative.--Notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law (including an international agreement), 
        a representative of the United States on the Advisory Board may 
        not accept compensation for services performed as a member of 
        the Board, except that such representative may accept travel 
        expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, while away 
        from the representative's home or regular place of business in 
        the performance of services for the Board.
    (e) Conflicts of Interest.--Members of the Advisory Board should be 
required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest prior to 
serving on the Advisory Board and, in the event of any conflicts of 
interest, recuse themselves from such matters during their service on 
the Advisory Board.

SEC. 306. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    (a) Status Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and 
agencies, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional 
committees that describes the progress of international negotiations to 
establish the Fund.
    (b) Annual Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the establishment of the Fund, and annually thereafter for the 
        duration of the Fund, the Secretary of State, shall submit a 
        report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding 
        the administration of the Fund.
            (2) Report elements.--The report required under paragraph 
        (1) shall describe--
                    (A) the goals of the Fund;
                    (B) the programs, projects, and activities 
                supported by the Fund;
                    (C) private and governmental contributions to the 
                Fund; and
                    (D) the criteria utilized to determine the programs 
                and activities that should be assisted by the Fund, 
                including baselines, targets, desired outcomes, 
                measurable goals, and extent to which those goals are 
                being achieved.
    (c) GAO Report on Effectiveness.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date on which the Fund is established, the Comptroller General of the 
United States shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional 
committees that evaluates the effectiveness of the Fund, including the 
effectiveness of the programs, projects, and activities supported by 
the Fund, as described in section 303(a).

SEC. 307. UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subject to submission of the certification under 
this section, the President is authorized to make available for United 
States contributions to the Fund such funds as may be appropriated or 
otherwise made available for such purpose.
    (b) Notification.--The Secretary of State shall notify the 
appropriate congressional committees not later than 15 days in advance 
of making a contribution to the Fund, including--
            (1) the amount of the proposed contribution;
            (2) the total of funds contributed by other donors; and
            (3) the national interests served by United States 
        participation in the Fund.
    (c) Limitation.--During the 5-year period beginning on the date of 
the enactment of this Act, a United States contribution to the Fund may 
not cause the cumulative total of United States contributions to the 
Fund to exceed 33 percent of the total contributions to the Fund from 
all sources.
    (d) Withholdings.--
            (1) Support for acts of international terrorism.--If the 
        Secretary of State determines that the Fund has provided 
        assistance to a country, the government of which the Secretary 
        of State has determined, for purposes of section 620A of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371) has repeatedly 
        provided support for acts of international terrorism, the 
        United States shall withhold from its contribution to the Fund 
        for the next fiscal year an amount equal to the amount expended 
        by the Fund to the government of such country.
            (2) Excessive salaries.--During the 5-year period beginning 
        on the date of the enactment of this Act, if the Secretary of 
        State determines that the salary of any individual employed by 
        the Fund exceeds the salary of the Vice President of the United 
        States for such fiscal year, the United States should withhold 
        from its contribution for the next fiscal year an amount equal 
        to the aggregate amount by which the salary of each such 
        individual exceeds the salary of the Vice President of the 
        United States.
            (3) Accountability certification requirement.--The 
        Secretary of State may withhold not more than 20 percent of 
        planned United States contributions to the Fund until the 
        Secretary certifies to the appropriate congressional committees 
        that the Fund has established procedures to provide access by 
        the Office of Inspector General of the Department of State, as 
        cognizant Inspector General, the Inspector General of the 
        Department of Health and Human Services, the Inspector General 
        of the United States Agency for International Development, and 
        the Comptroller General of the United States to the Fund's 
        financial data and other information relevant to United States 
        contributions to the Fund (as determined by the Inspector 
        General of the Department of State, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of State).

SEC. 308. COMPLIANCE WITH THE FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY AND 
              ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 2016.

    Section 2(3) of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act 
of 2016 (Public Law 114-191; 22 U.S.C. 2394c note) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) the International Pandemic Preparedness and 
                COVID-19 Response Act of 2021.''.
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