Title: Department of Energy Clean Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 2022
Policy area: Energy

Summary:
Department of Energy Clean Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 2022
This bill requires the Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of clean hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to enable production, distribution, and use of clean hydrogen and to advance the development of related hydrogen infrastructure. Under the bill, DOE must also enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to examine research pathways for hydrogen production processes with net-zero direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions.

[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 9446 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






117th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 9446

  To direct the Secretary of Energy to conduct a program of research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application with respect to 
     clean hydrogen and fuel cell energy, low-emission fuels, and 
                  coproducts, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                            December 6, 2022

   Mr. Tonko (for himself and Mrs. Bice of Oklahoma) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, 
                             and Technology

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To direct the Secretary of Energy to conduct a program of research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application with respect to 
     clean hydrogen and fuel cell energy, low-emission fuels, and 
                  coproducts, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Energy Clean Hydrogen 
and Fuel Cell Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 2022''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Clean hydrogen.--The term ``clean hydrogen'' means 
        hydrogen produced from any source that results in a significant 
        reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas and criteria air 
        pollutant emissions compared to conventional fuel options.
            (2) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            (3) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) an institution of higher education, including 
                historically Black colleges and universities, minority-
                serving institutions, Hispanic-serving institutions, 
                Tribal colleges or universities, emerging research 
                institutions, and community colleges;
                    (B) a National Laboratory (as such term is defined 
                in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
                U.S.C. 15801));
                    (C) a Federal research agency;
                    (D) a State research agency;
                    (E) a research agency associated with a territory 
                or Freely Associated State;
                    (F) a nonprofit research organization;
                    (G) a private sector entity;
                    (H) any other entity, as determined by the 
                Secretary; or
                    (I) a consortium of two or more entities described 
                in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
            (4) Hispanic-serving institution.--The term ``Hispanic-
        serving institution'' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1101a(a)).
            (5) Historically black college or university.--The term 
        ``historically Black college or university'' has the meaning 
        given the term ``part B institution'' in section 322 of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
            (6) Hydrogen carrier.--The term ``hydrogen carrier'' means 
        a substance that meets one or both of the following 
        descriptions:
                    (A) Molecules that have been synthesized from 
                hydrogen.
                    (B) Reversible liquid, solid, or gas chemical 
                states that store hydrogen in a state other than as 
                free hydrogen molecules.
            (7) Hydrogen-related technologies.--The term ``hydrogen-
        related technologies'' means technologies relating to the 
        production, purification, distribution, storage, and use of 
        hydrogen for heat, stationary power, transportation, industrial 
        chemical feedstocks, or energy storage, including fuel cell 
        technologies.
            (8) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (9) Minority-serving institution.--The term ``minority-
        serving institution'' includes the entities described in any of 
        paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 371(a) of the Higher 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(a)).
            (10) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
            (11) Tribal college or university.--The term ``Tribal 
        college or university'' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1059c(b)).

SEC. 3. CLEAN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND 
              DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the heads of 
relevant Federal agencies, shall conduct a program of research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application of clean 
hydrogen and fuel cell technologies to enable production, distribution, 
and use of clean hydrogen, including in energy storage, industrial 
applications, building, power, and transportation sector applications, 
and to advance the development of related hydrogen infrastructure. In 
carrying out such program, the Secretary shall award financial 
assistance through a competitive, merit-reviewed process and consider 
applications from eligible entities.
    (b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall coordinate with the heads of 
relevant Federal agencies to determine a comprehensive set of technical 
milestones for the activities and focus on research and development 
challenges across the hydrogen supply chain for various applications, 
including clean hydrogen production, the supply of hydrogen, storage of 
hydrogen, transportation of hydrogen, and end uses of hydrogen that 
advance the following:
            (1) Clean hydrogen production from diverse energy sources.
            (2) Clean hydrogen transportation, distribution, and end 
        use efficiency.
            (3) Clean hydrogen and hydrogen-related technologies for 
        the production of the following:
                    (A) High- and low-temperature heat in industry and 
                the built environment, including low-emission 
                production of cement, iron, steel, and other metals.
                    (B) Improved environmental performance of 
                petroleum-based transportation fuels with clean 
                hydrogen.
                    (C) Sustainable chemical products and materials.
                    (D) Sustainable synthetic fuels.
                    (E) Energy storage for electric grid flexibility 
                and long duration energy storage.
            (4) Hydrogen blending for power generation, industrial use, 
        and other end use applications relating to fuel cell 
        performance, reliability, durability, and cost.
            (5) Fuel cell technologies for transportation and 
        stationary applications.
            (6) Domestic fuel cell manufacturing capabilities.
            (7) Hydrogen and hydrogen carrier technologies as a fuel 
        for electric transportation and stationary applications powered 
        by fuel cells.
            (8) Dynamic control systems needed to integrate clean 
        hydrogen production and end users with sources of reliable and 
        affordable low-emission power.
            (9) Computational tools for lifecycle assessments and 
        economic analysis of the entire supply chain of clean hydrogen 
        production and utilization.
            (10) Hydrogen fueling of various vehicle classes and 
        vocations.
            (11) Safe, durable, and affordable materials for hydrogen-
        related technologies.
            (12) Methods for integrating carbon capture and storage and 
        waste by-product treatment technologies, including 
        considerations for produced water, into clean hydrogen system 
        processes.
    (c) Activities.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), 
the Secretary shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and 
commercial application activities to advance the following:
            (1) Clean hydrogen production, including the following:
                    (A) Production from water splitting, including the 
                following:
                            (i) Fresh, salt, and, wastewater and steam 
                        electrolysis using low-emission electricity 
                        sources.
                            (ii) Development of catalysts using 
                        alternatives to rare earth metals.
                            (iii) Thermochemical water splitting using 
                        low-emission power sources.
                    (B) Production from biomass and organic carbon 
                waste conversion, which may include biomass-derived 
                liquid reformation and biomass gasification with a 
                focus on the following:
                            (i) Optimizing processes and addressing 
                        challenges related to different biomass 
                        feedstock characteristics, including biomass 
                        and waste blends.
                            (ii) Improvement of energy conversion 
                        efficiency.
                            (iii) Development and optimization of 
                        catalysts for given feedstocks.
                    (C) Production from a direct hydrogen carrier, such 
                as ammonia or methanol with carbon capture and 
                sequestration, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers.
                    (D) Biological hydrogen production, which may 
                include the following:
                            (i) Dark or photo-assisted fermentation.
                            (ii) Microbial electrolysis.
                            (iii) Bio- or bio-inspired photolysis.
                            (iv) Hybrid systems combining multiple bio- 
                        or bio-inspired processes.
                    (E) Production from hydrocarbons to carbon-free 
                hydrogen or to hydrogen with carbon capture and 
                sequestration, which may include the following:
                            (i) Development of nonprecious and nontoxic 
                        metal catalysts and electrodes.
                            (ii) Development of effective reactor 
                        design.
                            (iii) Use of heat from noncombustion 
                        source.
                            (iv) Development of advanced materials of 
                        construction for improved reactor performance 
                        and lifetimes and reduced capital costs.
                            (v) Reduction of water usage.
                            (vi) Development of catalytic processes to 
                        convert natural gas to carbon-free hydrogen and 
                        solid carbon materials.
                            (vii) Development of suitable treatment of 
                        waste by-products.
                    (F) Production of clean hydrogen at a place of 
                consumption where demand from many use cases can be 
                satisfied, including airports supplying air-side 
                aircraft, support vehicles, and ground-side services 
                for hydrogen electric buses, trucks, and cars.
                    (G) Production from nuclear power and heat, 
                including from advanced nuclear reactors.
                    (H) Production from renewable energy sources.
                    (I) Production of hydrogen carriers.
                    (J) Production from integrated energy systems (as 
                such term is defined in section 1310 of the Energy 
                Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 
                17387)).
            (2) Hydrogen storage, including the following:
                    (A) Gas compression and liquefaction, including 
                improving liquefaction efficiency.
                    (B) Chemical storage, including the following:
                            (i) Porous materials.
                            (ii) Liquid hydrogen carriers, which may 
                        include the following:
                                    (I) Liquid organic hydrogen 
                                carriers with needed improvement of the 
                                chemistry of dehydrogenation through 
                                catalyst development.
                                    (II) Liquid ammonia with needed 
                                improvement of the fundamental 
                                chemistry of dehydrogenation and 
                                hydrogen purity after dehydrogenation.
                    (C) Diverse physical storage methodologies for 
                hydrogen, including liquid hydrogen, hydrogen carriers, 
                and hydrogen blends in the form of a solid, liquid, or 
                gas, including distribution tanks, on site storage, 
                storage onboard vehicles, and geologic storage.
                    (D) Development of advanced storage materials and 
                systems for large-scale hydrogen storage, including 
                long-duration storage, with a focus on low-cost, 
                ambient-temperature, and high-energy density materials 
                and systems.
                    (E) Assessment of regional geology, including 
                seismic assessments, infrastructure requirements, and 
                materials of construction for the storage of hydrogen 
                in geologic formations, including salt domes, caverns, 
                depleted oil gas reservoirs, aquifers, surface porous 
                media, and natural gas storage sites.
                    (F) Assessment of hydrogen and hydrogen blend 
                storage processes, including physical, chemical, and 
                biological processes within geological formations, that 
                could impact the longevity and reversibility of 
                geologic storage.
                    (G) Development of advanced tools and technologies 
                to convert or transform natural gas geologic storage 
                sites into hydrogen storage sites.
                    (H) Metal hydride materials, such as magnesium-
                containing systems with a focus on the following:
                            (i) Improvement of kinetics of hydrogen 
                        uptake and release.
                            (ii) Decreasing working temperatures, to 
                        ambient or near ambient conditions.
            (3) Hydrogen transportation, delivery, and fueling 
        infrastructure, including the following:
                    (A) Improvement in energy efficiency, maintenance 
                of hydrogen purity, and minimization of potential 
                hydrogen leakage, including from hydrogen carriers.
                    (B) Advancing a diverse range of distribution 
                methods, including transmission by pipeline, 
                transmission of liquid hydrogen carriers, and 
                transmission of hydrogen blends.
                    (C) Advancing the feasibility of retrofitting or 
                the modification of existing energy infrastructure, 
                including existing natural gas transportation 
                infrastructure, for the purpose of transportation and 
                storage of significant quantities of hydrogen and 
                hydrogen blends.
                    (D) Development and improvement of hydrogen and 
                hydrogen fuel specific sensor technologies to detect 
                and mitigate potential risks.
            (4) Clean hydrogen utilization, including the following:
                    (A) Power generation utilization, including the 
                retrofit or development of hydrogen fueled turbines, 
                reversible fuel cells or hybrid cycle fuel cells, and 
                hydrogen blends for power applications.
                    (B) Energy storage, including the development of 
                long-term energy storage systems for grid, back-up 
                power, microgrid and other applications.
                    (C) Transportation fuel utilization.
                    (D) Industrial utilization, including the 
                utilization of hydrogen and hydrogen blends for diverse 
                applications.
                    (E) Agricultural utilization.
                    (F) Other applications, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
            (5) Advanced manufacturing technologies and methods for 
        clean hydrogen and hydrogen-related technologies.
            (6) Hydrogen carrier recycling and reuse.
            (7) Safe, durable, and affordable materials for clean 
        hydrogen, hydrogen carrier, and hydrogen-related technologies.
            (8) Advanced technologies and methods for safe hydrogen 
        transportation, distribution, and utilization, such as hydrogen 
        infrastructure monitoring and controls and combustion 
        characterization technologies.
            (9) Other research areas that advance the purposes of the 
        program, as determined by the Secretary.
    (d) Fuel Cell Research, Development, and Demonstration.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out with the program under 
        subsection (a), the Secretary shall support research, 
        development, demonstration, and commercial application 
        activities to advance fuel cell technologies for transportation 
        and stationary applications with a focus on reducing fuel cell 
        system cost and improving overall system efficiency and 
        durability over a wide range of operating conditions.
            (2) Tools, technologies, and methods.--In carrying out 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall develop tools, technologies, 
        and methods for the following:
                    (A) Fuel cell durability, which may include the 
                following:
                            (i) Improving understanding of catalyst and 
                        membrane degradation and mitigating performance 
                        degradation, including at high and low power 
                        conditions.
                            (ii) Improving fuel cell tolerance to air, 
                        fuel, and system-derived impurities.
                            (iii) Improving stationary fuel cells to 
                        achieve greater than 80,000 hours of 
                        durability, including improving durability 
                        under start-up and transient operation for 
                        high-temperature fuel cells.
                            (iv) Improving fundamental understanding of 
                        failure mechanisms to develop mitigation 
                        strategies.
                            (v) Activities to update and accelerate 
                        testing protocols to enable projection of 
                        durability.
                            (vi) Improving system balance-of-plant 
                        component efficiency, responsiveness, 
                        adaptation to fuel cell aging conditions, 
                        reactant's impurity, environmental variability, 
                        and durability.
                    (B) Development of lower cost fuel cell materials, 
                components, and assemblies.
                    (C) Fuel cell performance, which may include 
                research to improve the performance and efficiency of 
                the following:
                            (i) Cathodes.
                            (ii) Water quality controls.
                            (iii) Stack water management, including 
                        membranes in fuel cells to enable effective 
                        water management and operation in low humidity 
                        and subfreezing environments.
                            (iv) System thermal and water management, 
                        including research to improve the following:
                                    (I) Heat utilization, cooling, and 
                                humidification techniques.
                                    (II) Efficiency of heat recovery 
                                systems, system designs, advanced heat 
                                exchangers, and higher temperature 
                                operation of current systems.
                                    (III) Techniques to manage water 
                                during start-up and shutdown at 
                                subfreezing temperatures.
                                    (IV) Management of nonuniform 
                                conditions caused by variable thermal 
                                and current density gradients.
                            (v) System air management.
                            (vi) System start-up and shutdown time and 
                        transient operation.
                            (vii) Utilizing direct hydrogen carriers, 
                        such as ammonia, methane, and methanol.
                            (viii) Reversible fuel cells.
                    (D) Catalyst and electrode design, which may 
                include the following:
                            (i) Developing catalysts that reduce or 
                        eliminate platinum-group metal loading while 
                        maintaining or improving upon performance and 
                        durability.
                            (ii) Increasing durability and stability of 
                        catalysts during potential cycling.
                            (iii) Increasing tolerance of catalysts to 
                        air, fuel, and other system derived impurities.
                            (iv) Increasing catalyst utilization.
                            (v) Developing catalysts and catalyst 
                        support with high durability at high voltages.
                            (vi) Design and demonstration of scalable 
                        production of novel catalysts.
                            (vii) Optimization of electrode design and 
                        assembly for efficient water and thermal 
                        management.
                    (E) Electrolyte synthesis and development.
                    (F) Fuel cell membrane development, including 
                polymer electrolyte member and alkaline electrolyte 
                member development.
                    (G) Membrane electrode materials, assemblies, 
                cells, and other stack components, including 
                demonstration of small-scale production of novel 
                membrane electrode assemblies.
                    (H) Solid oxide fuel cell development, including 
                the following:
                            (i) Cell development on individual cell 
                        components that increases power density, 
                        reduces degradation, and reduces costs.
                            (ii) Balance-of-plant and stack components 
                        that improve reliability and robustness and 
                        reduce degradation and costs.
                            (iii) Systems development.
                    (I) Protonic ceramic fuel cell development.
                    (J) Other research areas that advance the purposes 
                of the program, as determined by the Secretary.
    (e) Testing and Validation.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall support the 
development of standardized testing and technical validation of 
hydrogen and hydrogen-related technologies, including fuel cell 
technologies, through collaboration with one or more National 
Laboratories, and one or more eligible entities.
    (f) Leveraging.--In carrying out the program under subsection (a), 
the Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise from across the 
Department, including the following:
            (1) The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
            (2) The Basic Energy Sciences Program, Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research Program, and the Biological and 
        Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science.
            (3) The Office of Fossil Energy.
            (4) The Office of Nuclear Energy.
            (5) The Advanced Research Projects Agency--Energy.
            (6) The Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations.
    (g) Standard of Review.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall periodically determine the status 
of achievement of the comprehensive set of technical milestones 
referred to in subsection (b).

SEC. 4. CLEAN HYDROGEN DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--In carrying out the program under section 3, the 
Secretary shall establish a demonstration program under which the 
Secretary, through a competitive merit review process, shall select 
eligible entities to carry out not more than six demonstration projects 
that involve clean hydrogen and hydrogen-related technologies.
    (b) Project Criteria.--Of the demonstration programs carried out 
pursuant to subsection (a), two shall be designed as clean hydrogen 
hybrid use demonstration projects that--
            (1) demonstrate configurations of different commercial and 
        preproduction hydrogen with wind, solar, nuclear, fossil, or 
        other energy technologies for combined use, including 
        evaluation and modeling of performance under load demands 
        relevant to urban and rural communities; and
            (2) serve as an incubator for novel energy technologies and 
        the combined use of such technologies.
    (c) Selection Requirements.--In selecting eligible entities for the 
demonstration programs carried out pursuant to subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall, to the maximum extent practicable--
            (1) encourage regional diversity among eligible entities, 
        including participation by such entities located in rural 
        States;
            (2) encourage technological diversity among eligible 
        entities;
            (3) ensure that selected demonstration programs are 
        coordinated with and expand on existing technology 
        demonstration programs of the Department;
            (4) prioritize demonstration programs that leverage and are 
        complementary to existing energy infrastructure, such as 
        existing power plants and power installations, fleet vehicle 
        centers, microgrids, or industrial facilities; and
            (5) prioritize demonstration programs that leverage 
        matching funds from non-Federal sources.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--From amounts authorized to be 
appropriated pursuant to section 9, $30,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027 shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out this section.

SEC. 5. HYDROGEN INNOVATION CENTER.

    (a) Operation.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the program under section 
        3, the Secretary, in accordance with paragraph (2), shall 
        operate through the Office of Science of the Department a 
        national Hydrogen Innovation Center (referred to in this 
        section as the ``Center'').
            (2) Selection; administration.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall select on a 
                competitive, merit-reviewed basis, an entity to 
                administer the Center. In making such selection, the 
                Secretary shall solicit and consider applications from 
                such entities.
                    (B) Entity defined.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term ``entity'' means a National 
                Laboratory, an institution of higher education, a 
                Federal research agency, a multi-institutional 
                collaboration, or other appropriate entity (as 
                determined by the Secretary).
            (3) Focus.--The Center shall focus on fundamental research 
        and development activities, including the following:
                    (A) Theory, modeling, and simulation of the 
                following:
                            (i) The physics and chemistry of multi-
                        scale hydrogen interactions.
                            (ii) The behavior of hydrogen fuel cell 
                        membranes.
                            (iii) Catalytic pathways for hydrogen 
                        production.
                            (iv) Photochemical processes and complex 
                        photoredox systems.
                    (B) The development of analytical tools to 
                characterize and predict hydrogen-materials 
                interactions.
                    (C) The potential physical, chemical, and 
                biological effects of geologic hydrogen storage.
                    (D) The development of advanced computer modeling 
                to design different configurations of energy systems 
                and optimize systems operations for clean hydrogen 
                production in different electricity markets.
                    (E) The development of novel fuel cell membranes 
                and integrated nanoscale architectures for hydrogen 
                fuel cell technologies.
                    (F) Advanced catalytic research and design, with 
                considerations given to nanoscale catalysts, enzyme 
                catalysts, biocatalysts, catalyst-solid carbon 
                separation, and innovative synthetic techniques.
                    (G) The advancement of organic semiconductors for 
                photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications.
                    (H) Examination of the molecular mechanisms of 
                biological hydrogen production.
                    (I) The development of bio-hybrid systems scalable 
                to hydrogen production facilities.
                    (J) The development of novel materials for hydrogen 
                storage, including chemical storage with complex 
                hydrides and nanostructured materials, with a focus on 
                the following:
                            (i) Improvement of kinetics of hydrogen 
                        absorption and desorption.
                            (ii) Decreasing working temperatures.
    (b) Duration.--The Center shall receive support for a period of not 
more than five years, subject to the availability of appropriations.
    (c) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support of the 
Center, the Secretary may renew such support, on a merit-reviewed 
basis, for a period of not more than five years.
    (d) Termination.--Consistent with existing authorities of the 
Department, the Secretary may terminate the Center for cause during any 
period of support.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of amounts authorized to be 
appropriated to the Office of Science, $15,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2023 through 2027 shall be made available to the Secretary to 
carry out this section.

SEC. 6. STUDY TO EXAMINE RESEARCH PATHWAYS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION WITH 
              NET-ZERO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter into an agreement with 
the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (referred 
to in this section as the ``National Academies'') under which the 
National Academies shall conduct a study to examine research pathways 
for hydrogen production processes with net-zero direct and indirect 
greenhouse gas emissions as a part of a low-carbon energy future. Such 
study shall--
            (1) analyze and assess research needed to leverage 
        potential contributions of hydrogen production processes with 
        net-zero direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions;
            (2) examine lifecycle impacts of such processes on energy 
        consumption and emissions; and
            (3) identify additional research activities and provide 
        recommendations to support net direct and indirect greenhouse 
        gas emission reductions across hydrogen production processes, 
        including research to address--
                    (A) potential environmental impacts associated with 
                hydrogen production using new and existing evaluation 
                metrics, including lifecycle impacts on local and 
                regional air and water quality and estimates of 
                hazardous air pollutants impacts on and benefits to 
                United States communities, including urban, small, 
                rural, Tribal, and disadvantaged communities;
                    (B) infrastructure challenges;
                    (C) scientific and technical barriers to achieve 
                greater net greenhouse gas emission reductions in 
                present and future production processes; and
                    (D) socioeconomic costs and benefits of zero-carbon 
                liquid fuel production and use systems, including 
                fiscal, monetized health, and job impacts.
    (b) Report.--The agreement entered into under subsection (a) shall 
include a requirement that the National Academies, not later than 24 
months after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the Senate a report on the results of the study conducted pursuant to 
such agreement.

SEC. 7. REPORTING.

    (a) Technologies Developed.--Not later than one year after the date 
of the enactment of this Act and every two years thereafter through 
2027, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, 
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report regarding the 
technologies and knowledge developed and demonstrated as a result of 
the program carried out under section 3 with a particular emphasis on 
whether such technologies were successfully adopted for commercial 
applications, and if so, whether the supply chains of such technologies 
are domestic.
    (b) Additional Matters.--Not later than two years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act and every two years thereafter through 2027, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy 
and Natural Resources of the Senate a report describing activities 
undertaken pursuant to this Act, including relating to the following:
            (1) The status of public-private partnerships.
            (2) Progress of such activities in meeting goals and 
        timelines.
            (3) The status of demonstration projects.

SEC. 8. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS.

    (a) Education and Outreach.--In carrying out the program under 
section 3, the Secretary shall support and expand education and 
outreach activities to disseminate information relating to hydrogen and 
fuel cell energy technologies and the hydrogen and fuel cell energy 
workforce.
    (b) Technical Assistance.--In carrying out the program under 
section 3, the Secretary shall provide technical assistance and analyze 
activities for eligible entities to support the commercial application 
of advances in hydrogen and fuel cell energy systems development and 
operations, which may include activities that support expanding access 
to advanced clean hydrogen and fuel cell energy technologies for rural, 
Tribal, and disadvantaged communities.
    (c) Public-Private Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities 
described in this Act, the Secretary shall pursue partnerships with 
private industry, private foundations, and other appropriate private 
entities to--
            (1) ensure the United States maintains technological 
        competitiveness in developing advanced clean hydrogen and fuel 
        cell technologies;
            (2) enhance the impact and advancement of the hydrogen 
        economy investments and contributions to United States economic 
        competitiveness and security; and
            (3) make available infrastructure, expertise, and financial 
        resources to the United States hydrogen and fuel cell 
        technologies scientific and engineering research and education 
        enterprise.
    (d) International Hydrogen Energy Development.--In carrying out the 
program under section 3, the Secretary, in coordination with the heads 
of other appropriate Federal and multilateral agencies (including the 
United States Agency for International Development) shall support 
collaborative efforts with international partners to facilitate and 
accelerate the transition to clean and efficient energy and mobility 
systems using fuel cells and hydrogen technologies through research, 
development, demonstration, and commercial application activities.
    (e) Coordination.--To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary 
shall carry out the program under section 3 in coordination with other 
relevant programs and capabilities of the Department and other Federal 
research programs, including activities authorized in sections 803, 
805, and 808 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16152, 16154, 
and 16157) and in subtitle B of title III of division D of the 
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (PL 117-58).

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of 
hydrogen and fuel cell energy systems, and other related technologies 
in the United States, including to carry out this Act, the following:
            (1) For fiscal year 2023, $161,160,000.
            (2) For fiscal year 2024, $164,383,000.
            (3) For fiscal year 2025, $167,670,000.
            (4) For fiscal year 2026, $171,024,000.
            (5) For fiscal year 2027, $174,444,480.
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