Title: Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act
Policy area: Government Operations and Politics

Summary:
Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act
This bill addresses the migration of executive agencies information technology systems to post-quantum cryptography. Post-quantum cryptography is encryption strong enough to resist attacks from quantum computers developed in the future.
Not later than one year after the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) has issued post-quantum cryptography standards, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall begin to prioritize the migration of agency information technology systems to post-quantum cryptography.
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this bill, the OMB shall submit to Congress a report on

[Congressional Bills 117th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 7535 Introduced in House (IH)]

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117th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 7535

To encourage the migration of Federal Government information technology 
   systems to quantum-resistant cryptography, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             April 18, 2022

  Mr. Khanna (for himself, Ms. Mace, and Mr. Connolly) introduced the 
 following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Oversight and 
                                 Reform

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To encourage the migration of Federal Government information technology 
   systems to quantum-resistant cryptography, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Quantum Computing Cybersecurity 
Preparedness Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Cryptography is essential for our national security and 
        the functioning of our economy.
            (2) The most widespread encryption protocols today rely on 
        computational limits of classical computers to provide 
        cybersecurity.
            (3) Quantum computers might one day have the ability to 
        push computational boundaries, allowing us to solve problems 
        that have been intractable thus far, such as integer 
        factorization, which is important for encryption.
            (4) The rapid progress of quantum computing suggests the 
        potential for adversaries to steal sensitive encrypted data 
        today using classical computers, and wait until sufficiently 
        powerful quantum systems are available to decrypt it.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) a strategy for the migration of information technology 
        systems of the Federal Government to post-quantum cryptography 
        is needed; and
            (2) the Governmentwide and industrywide approach to post-
        quantum cryptography should prioritize developing applications, 
        hardware intellectual property (IP), and software that can be 
        easily updated to support developing cryptographic agility.

SEC. 3. MIGRATION TO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY.

    (a) Migration and Assessment.--
            (1) Migration to post-quantum cryptography.--Not later than 
        1 year after the date on which the Director of NIST has issued 
        post-quantum cryptography standards, the Director of OMB, in 
        consultation with the Chief Information Officers Council, shall 
        begin to prioritize the migration to post-quantum cryptography 
        and assessment of information technology systems of executive 
        agencies that does not use post-quantum cryptography, including 
        digital signatures.
            (2) Designation of systems for migration.--Not later than 1 
        year after the date on which post-quantum cryptography 
        standards have been set by NIST and on an ongoing basis 
        thereafter, the Director of OMB, in consultation with the Chief 
        Information Officers Council, shall designate and prioritize 
        for migration to post-quantum cryptography information 
        technology systems of executive agencies based on the risk of 
        systems that do not use post-quantum cryptography.
    (b) Report on Post-Quantum Cryptography.--Not later than 1 year 
after the date of the enactment of this section, the Director of OMB 
shall submit to Congress a report on the following:
            (1) A strategy to address the risk posed by the 
        vulnerabilities of information technology systems of executive 
        agencies to weakened encryption due to the potential and 
        possible capability of a quantum computer to breach such 
        encryption.
            (2) The funding necessary to secure such information 
        technology systems from the threat posed by adversarial access 
        to quantum computers.
            (3) A description and analysis of ongoing coordination 
        efforts, including any framework and timeline, with 
        international standards development organizations and consortia 
        (such as the International Organization for Standardization) to 
        develop standards for post-quantum cryptography, including any 
        Federal Information Processing Standards developed under 
        chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code.
    (c) Report on Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography in Information 
Technology Systems.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the 
Director of NIST has issued post-quantum cryptography standards, and 
annually thereafter until the date that is 9 years after the date on 
which such standards are issued, the Director of OMB shall submit to 
Congress a report on the progress of the Federal Government in 
transitioning to post-quantum cryptography standards.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Classical computer.--The term ``classical computer'' 
        means a device that accepts digital data and manipulates the 
        information based on a program or sequence of instructions for 
        how data is to be processed and encodes information in binary 
        bits that can either be 0s or 1s.
            (2) Director of nist.--The term ``Director of NIST'' means 
        the Director of the National Institute for Standards and 
        Technology.
            (3) Director of omb.--The term ``Director of OMB'' means 
        the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
            (4) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has 
        the meaning given the term ``Executive agency'' in section 105 
        of title 5, United States Code.
            (5) Information technology.--The term ``information 
        technology'' has the meaning given that term in section 11101 
        of title 40, United States Code.
            (6) Post-quantum cryptography.--The term ``post-quantum 
        cryptography'' means a cryptographic system that--
                    (A) is secure against decryption attempts using a 
                quantum computer or classical computer; and
                    (B) can interoperate with existing communications 
                protocols and networks.
            (7) Quantum computer.--The term ``quantum computer'' means 
        a device for computation that uses quantum mechanics like 
        superposition and entanglement to perform computational 
        operations on data.
            (8) Superposition.--The term ``superposition'' refers to 
        the ability of quantum systems to exist in two or more states 
        simultaneously.
            (9) Entanglement.--The term ``entanglement'' is a property 
        where two or more quantum objects in a system can be 
        intrinsically linked such that the measurement of one dictates 
        the possible measurement outcomes for another, regardless of 
        how far apart the objects are.
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