Title: America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019
Policy area: Transportation and Public Works

Summary:
America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019
This bill addresses several provisions related to highway transportation infrastructure, including provisions to improve road safety, accelerate project completions, improve resiliency to disasters, and reduce highway emissions.
Among other things, the bill

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2302 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2302

 To amend title 23, United States Code, to authorize funds for Federal-
 aid highways and highway safety construction programs, and for other 
                               purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 29, 2019

 Mr. Barrasso introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
       referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend title 23, United States Code, to authorize funds for Federal-
 aid highways and highway safety construction programs, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``America's 
Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Effective date.
                     TITLE I--FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS

                Subtitle A--Authorizations and Programs

Sec. 1101. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1102. Obligation ceiling.
Sec. 1103. Definitions.
Sec. 1104. Apportionment.
Sec. 1105. National highway performance program.
Sec. 1106. Emergency relief.
Sec. 1107. Federal share payable.
Sec. 1108. Railway-highway grade crossings.
Sec. 1109. Surface transportation block grant program.
Sec. 1110. Nationally significant freight and highway projects.
Sec. 1111. Highway safety improvement program.
Sec. 1112. Federal lands transportation program.
Sec. 1113. Federal lands access program.
Sec. 1114. National highway freight program.
Sec. 1115. Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program.
Sec. 1116. National scenic byways program.
Sec. 1117. Alaska Highway.
Sec. 1118. Toll roads, bridges, tunnels, and ferries.
Sec. 1119. Bridge investment program.
Sec. 1120. Safe routes to school program.
Sec. 1121. Highway use tax evasion projects.
Sec. 1122. Construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.
Sec. 1123. Balance exchanges for infrastructure program.
Sec. 1124. Safety incentive programs.
Sec. 1125. Wildlife crossing safety.
Sec. 1126. Consolidation of programs.
Sec. 1127. State freight advisory committees.
Sec. 1128. Territorial and Puerto Rico highway program.
            Subtitle B--Planning and Performance Management

Sec. 1201. Transportation planning.
Sec. 1202. Fiscal constraint on long-range transportation plans.
Sec. 1203. State human capital plans.
Sec. 1204. Accessibility data pilot program.
Sec. 1205. Prioritization process pilot program.
Sec. 1206. Exemptions for low population density States.
Sec. 1207. Travel demand data and modeling.
Sec. 1208. Increasing safe and accessible transportation options.
          Subtitle C--Project Delivery and Process Improvement

Sec. 1301. Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking 
                            and One Federal Decision.
Sec. 1302. Work zone process reviews.
Sec. 1303. Transportation management plans.
Sec. 1304. Intelligent transportation systems.
Sec. 1305. Alternative contracting methods.
Sec. 1306. Flexibility for projects.
Sec. 1307. Improved Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreements.
Sec. 1308. Geomatic data.
Sec. 1309. Evaluation of projects within an operational right-of-way.
Sec. 1310. Department of Transportation reports.
                       Subtitle D--Climate Change

Sec. 1401. Grants for charging and fueling infrastructure to modernize 
                            and reconnect America for the 21st century.
Sec. 1402. Reduction of truck emissions at port facilities.
Sec. 1403. Carbon reduction incentive programs.
Sec. 1404. Congestion relief program.
Sec. 1405. Freight plans.
Sec. 1406. Utilizing significant emissions with innovative 
                            technologies.
Sec. 1407. Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, 
                            Efficient, and Cost-saving Transportation 
                            (PROTECT) grant program.
Sec. 1408. Diesel emissions reduction.
                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

Sec. 1501. Additional deposits into Highway Trust Fund.
Sec. 1502. Stopping threats on pedestrians.
Sec. 1503. Transfer and sale of toll credits.
Sec. 1504. Forest Service Legacy Roads and Trails Remediation Program.
Sec. 1505. Disaster relief mobilization pilot program.
Sec. 1506. Appalachian regional development.
Sec. 1507. Requirements for transportation projects carried out through 
                            public-private partnerships.
Sec. 1508. Community connectivity pilot program.
Sec. 1509. Repeal of rescission.
Sec. 1510. Federal interagency working group for conversion of Federal 
                            fleet to hybrid-electric vehicles, electric 
                            vehicles, and alternative fueled vehicles.
Sec. 1511. Cybersecurity tool; cyber coordinator.
Sec. 1512. Study on most effective upgrades to roadway infrastructure.
Sec. 1513. Study on vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology.
Sec. 1514. Nonhighway recreational fuel study.
Sec. 1515. Buy America.
Sec. 1516. Report on data-driven infrastructure traffic safety 
                            improvements.
Sec. 1517. High priority corridors on the National Highway System.
Sec. 1518. Interstate weight limits.
Sec. 1519. Interstate exemption.
Sec. 1520. Report on air quality improvements.
Sec. 1521. Roadside highway safety hardware.
Sec. 1522. Permeable pavements study.
Sec. 1523. Emergency relief projects.
Sec. 1524. Certain gathering lines located on Federal land and Indian 
                            land.
Sec. 1525. Technical corrections.
     TITLE II--TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE AND INNOVATION

Sec. 2001. Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 
                            1998 amendments.
             TITLE III--RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND EDUCATION

Sec. 3001. Surface transportation system funding alternatives.
Sec. 3002. Performance management data support program.
Sec. 3003. Data integration pilot program.
Sec. 3004. Emerging technology research pilot program.
Sec. 3005. Research and technology development and deployment.
Sec. 3006. Workforce development, training, and education.
Sec. 3007. Wildlife-vehicle collision research.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Transportation.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.

SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act take effect on October 
1, 2020.

                     TITLE I--FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS

                Subtitle A--Authorizations and Programs

SEC. 1101. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The following amounts are authorized to be 
appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account):
            (1) Federal-aid highway program.--For the national highway 
        performance program under section 119 of title 23, United 
        States Code, the surface transportation block grant program 
        under section 133 of that title, the highway safety improvement 
        program under section 148 of that title, the congestion 
        mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 
        149 of that title, the national highway freight program under 
        section 167 of that title, and to carry out section 134 of that 
        title--
                    (A) $47,855,749,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    (B) $48,829,248,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (C) $49,849,443,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (D) $50,914,302,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    (E) $51,979,162,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            (2) Transportation infrastructure finance and innovation 
        program.--For credit assistance under the transportation 
        infrastructure finance and innovation program under chapter 6 
        of title 23, United States Code, $300,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
            (3) Federal lands and tribal transportation programs.--
                    (A) Tribal transportation program.--For the tribal 
                transportation program under section 202 of title 23, 
                United States Code--
                            (i) $565,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $580,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $595,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $610,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $625,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (B) Federal lands transportation program.--
                            (i) In general.--For the Federal lands 
                        transportation program under section 203 of 
                        title 23, United States Code--
                                    (I) $413,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2021;
                                    (II) $423,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2022;
                                    (III) $433,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2023;
                                    (IV) $443,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2024; and
                                    (V) $453,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2025.
                            (ii) Allocation.--Of the amount made 
                        available for a fiscal year under clause (i)--
                                    (I) the amount for the National 
                                Park Service is--
                                            (aa) $330,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2021;
                                            (bb) $338,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2022;
                                            (cc) $346,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2023;
                                            (dd) $354,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2024; and
                                            (ee) $362,000,000 for 
                                        fiscal year 2025;
                                    (II) the amount for the United 
                                States Fish and Wildlife Service is 
                                $33,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                                2021 through 2025; and
                                    (III) the amount for the Forest 
                                Service is--
                                            (aa) $22,000,000 for fiscal 
                                        year 2021;
                                            (bb) $23,000,000 for fiscal 
                                        year 2022;
                                            (cc) $24,000,000 for fiscal 
                                        year 2023;
                                            (dd) $25,000,000 for fiscal 
                                        year 2024; and
                                            (ee) $26,000,000 for fiscal 
                                        year 2025.
                    (C) Federal lands access program.--For the Federal 
                lands access program under section 204 of title 23, 
                United States Code--
                            (i) $280,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $285,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $290,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $295,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            (4) Territorial and puerto rico highway program.--For the 
        territorial and Puerto Rico highway program under section 165 
        of title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $204,500,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    (B) $208,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (C) $212,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (D) $216,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    (E) $221,500,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            (5) Nationally significant freight and highway projects.--
        For nationally significant freight and highway projects under 
        section 117 of title 23, United States Code--
                    (A) $1,050,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    (B) $1,075,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (C) $1,100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (D) $1,125,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    (E) $1,150,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
    (b) Other Programs.--
            (1) In general.--The following amounts are authorized to be 
        appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass 
        Transit Account):
                    (A) Bridge investment program.--To carry out the 
                bridge investment program under section 124 of title 
                23, United States Code--
                            (i) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $640,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $650,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (B) Congestion relief program.--To carry out the 
                congestion relief program under section 129(d) of title 
                23, United States Code, $40,000,000 for each of fiscal 
                years 2021 through 2025.
                    (C) Charging and fueling infrastructure grants.--To 
                carry out section 151(f) of title 23, United States 
                Code--
                            (i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (D) Formula safety incentive program.--To carry out 
                the formula safety incentive program under section 172 
                of title 23, United States Code, $500,000,000 for each 
                of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
                    (E) Fatality reduction performance program.--To 
                carry out the fatality reduction performance program 
                under section 173 of title 23, United States Code, 
                $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
                2025.
                    (F) Formula carbon reduction incentive program.--To 
                carry out the formula carbon reduction incentive 
                program under section 177 of title 23, United States 
                Code, $600,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025.
                    (G) Carbon reduction performance program.--To carry 
                out the carbon reduction performance program under 
                section 178 of title 23, United States Code, 
                $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
                2025.
                    (H) PROTECT grants.--To carry out the PROTECT grant 
                program under section 179 of title 23, United States 
                Code, for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025--
                            (i) $786,000,000 for formula awards to 
                        States under subsection (c) of that section; 
                        and
                            (ii) $200,000,000 for competitive grants 
                        under subsection (d) of that section, of which 
                        not less than $20,000,000 shall be for planning 
                        grants under paragraph (3) of that subsection.
                    (I) Reduction of truck emissions at port 
                facilities.--
                            (i) In general.--To carry out the reduction 
                        of truck emissions at port facilities under 
                        section 1402--
                                    (I) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2021;
                                    (II) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2022;
                                    (III) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2023;
                                    (IV) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2024; and
                                    (V) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2025.
                            (ii) Treatment.--Amounts made available 
                        under clause (i) shall be available for 
                        obligation in the same manner as if those 
                        amounts were apportioned under chapter 1 of 
                        title 23, United States Code.
                    (J) Nationally significant federal lands and tribal 
                projects.--
                            (i) In general.--To carry out the 
                        nationally significant Federal lands and tribal 
                        projects program under section 1123 of the FAST 
                        Act (23 U.S.C. 201 note; Public Law 114-94), 
                        $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
                        through 2025.
                            (ii) Treatment.--Amounts made available 
                        under clause (i) shall be available for 
                        obligation in the same manner as if those 
                        amounts were apportioned under chapter 1 of 
                        title 23, United States Code.
            (2) General fund.--
                    (A) Bridge investment program.--
                            (i) In general.--In addition to amounts 
                        made available under paragraph (1)(A), there 
                        are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
                        the bridge investment program under section 124 
                        of title 23, United States Code--
                                    (I) $600,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2021;
                                    (II) $640,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2022;
                                    (III) $650,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2023;
                                    (IV) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2024; and
                                    (V) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2025.
                            (ii) Allocation.--Amounts made available 
                        under clause (i) shall be allocated in the same 
                        manner as if made available under paragraph 
                        (1)(A).
                    (B) Nationally significant federal lands and tribal 
                projects program.--
                            (i) In general.--In addition to amounts 
                        made available under paragraph (1)(J), there is 
                        authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
                        section 1123 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 201 
                        note; Public Law 114-94) $100,000,000 for each 
                        of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, to remain 
                        available for a period of 3 fiscal years 
                        following the fiscal year for which the amounts 
                        are appropriated.
                            (ii) Conforming amendment.--Section 1123 of 
                        the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 201 note; Public Law 
                        114-94) is amended by striking subsection (h).
    (c) Research, Technology, and Education Authorizations.--
            (1) In general.--The following amounts are authorized to be 
        appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass 
        Transit Account):
                    (A) Highway research and development program.--To 
                carry out section 503(b) of title 23, United States 
                Code, $153,431,378 for each of fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025.
                    (B) Technology and innovation deployment program.--
                To carry out section 503(c) of title 23, United States 
                Code, $135,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025.
                    (C) Training and education.--To carry out section 
                504 of title 23, United States Code--
                            (i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (D) Intelligent transportation systems program.--To 
                carry out sections 512 through 518 of title 23, United 
                States Code, $110,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025.
                    (E) University transportation centers program.--To 
                carry out section 5505 of title 49, United States 
                Code--
                            (i) $82,500,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $84,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $85,500,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $87,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $88,500,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (F) Bureau of transportation statistics.--To carry 
                out chapter 63 of title 49, United States Code, 
                $26,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
            (2) Administration.--The Federal Highway Administration 
        shall--
                    (A) administer the programs described in 
                subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1); and
                    (B) in consultation with relevant modal 
                administrations, administer the programs described in 
                paragraph (1)(D).
            (3) Applicability of title 23, united states code.--Amounts 
        authorized to be appropriated by paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) be available for obligation in the same manner 
                as if those funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of 
                title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal 
                share of the cost of a project or activity carried out 
                using those funds shall be 80 percent, unless otherwise 
                expressly provided by this Act (including the 
                amendments by this Act) or otherwise determined by the 
                Secretary; and
                    (B) remain available until expended and not be 
                transferable, except as otherwise provided by this Act.
    (d) Pilot Programs.--The following amounts are authorized to be 
appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account):
            (1) Wildlife crossings pilot program.--For the wildlife 
        crossings pilot program under section 174 of title 23, United 
        States Code--
                    (A) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    (B) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    (C) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    (D) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    (E) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            (2) Prioritization process pilot program.--
                    (A) In general.--For the prioritization process 
                pilot program under section 1205, $10,000,000 for each 
                of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
                    (B) Treatment.--Amounts made available under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be available for obligation in 
                the same manner as if those amounts were apportioned 
                under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.
            (3) Disaster relief mobilization pilot program.--
                    (A) In general.--For the disaster relief 
                mobilization pilot program under section 1505, 
                $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
                    (B) Treatment.--Amounts made available under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be available for obligation in 
                the same manner as if those amounts were apportioned 
                under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, except 
                that those amounts shall remain available until 
                expended.
            (4) Community connectivity pilot program.--
                    (A) Planning grants.--For planning grants under the 
                community connectivity pilot program under section 
                1508(c)--
                            (i) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            (ii) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            (iii) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            (iv) $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                            (v) $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2025.
                    (B) Capital construction grants.--For capital 
                construction grants under the community connectivity 
                pilot program under section 1508(d), $14,000,000 for 
                each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
                    (C) Treatment.--Amounts made available under 
                subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be available for 
                obligation in the same manner as if those amounts were 
                apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States 
                Code, except that those amounts shall remain available 
                until expended.
            (5) Open challenge and research initiative pilot program.--
                    (A) In general.--For the open challenge and 
                research proposal pilot program under section 3005(e), 
                $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.
                    (B) Treatment.--Amounts made available under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be available for obligation and 
                administered as if apportioned under chapter 1 of title 
                23, United States Code.
    (e) Disadvantaged Business Enterprises.--
            (1) Findings.--Congress finds that--
                    (A) while significant progress has occurred due to 
                the establishment of the disadvantaged business 
                enterprise program, discrimination and related barriers 
                continue to pose significant obstacles for minority- 
                and women-owned businesses seeking to do business in 
                Federally assisted surface transportation markets 
                across the United States;
                    (B) the continuing barriers described in 
                subparagraph (A) merit the continuation of the 
                disadvantaged business enterprise program;
                    (C) Congress has received and reviewed testimony 
                and documentation of race and gender discrimination 
                from numerous sources, including congressional hearings 
                and roundtables, scientific reports, reports issued by 
                public and private agencies, news stories, reports of 
                discrimination by organizations and individuals, and 
                discrimination lawsuits, which show that race- and 
                gender-neutral efforts alone are insufficient to 
                address the problem;
                    (D) the testimony and documentation described in 
                subparagraph (C) demonstrate that discrimination across 
                the United States poses a barrier to full and fair 
                participation in surface transportation-related 
                businesses of women business owners and minority 
                business owners and has impacted firm development and 
                many aspects of surface transportation-related business 
                in the public and private markets; and
                    (E) the testimony and documentation described in 
                subparagraph (C) provide a strong basis that there is a 
                compelling need for the continuation of the 
                disadvantaged business enterprise program to address 
                race and gender discrimination in surface 
                transportation-related business.
            (2) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Small business concern.--
                            (i) In general.--The term ``small business 
                        concern'' means a small business concern (as 
                        the term is used in section 3 of the Small 
                        Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)).
                            (ii) Exclusions.--The term ``small business 
                        concern'' does not include any concern or group 
                        of concerns controlled by the same socially and 
                        economically disadvantaged individual or 
                        individuals that have average annual gross 
                        receipts during the preceding 3 fiscal years in 
                        excess of $25,790,000, as adjusted annually by 
                        the Secretary for inflation.
                    (B) Socially and economically disadvantaged 
                individuals.--The term ``socially and economically 
                disadvantaged individuals'' has the meaning given the 
                term in section 8(d) of the Small Business Act (15 
                U.S.C. 637(d)) and relevant subcontracting regulations 
                issued pursuant to that Act, except that women shall be 
                presumed to be socially and economically disadvantaged 
                individuals for purposes of this subsection.
            (3) Amounts for small business concerns.--Except to the 
        extent that the Secretary determines otherwise, not less than 
        10 percent of the amounts made available for any program under 
        this Act and section 403 of title 23, United States Code, shall 
        be expended through small business concerns owned and 
        controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged 
        individuals.
            (4) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.--
        Each State shall annually--
                    (A) survey and compile a list of the small business 
                concerns referred to in paragraph (3) in the State, 
                including the location of the small business concerns 
                in the State; and
                    (B) notify the Secretary, in writing, of the 
                percentage of the small business concerns that are 
                controlled by--
                            (i) women;
                            (ii) socially and economically 
                        disadvantaged individuals (other than women); 
                        and
                            (iii) individuals who are women and are 
                        otherwise socially and economically 
                        disadvantaged individuals.
            (5) Uniform certification.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish 
                minimum uniform criteria for use by State governments 
                in certifying whether a concern qualifies as a small 
                business concern for the purpose of this subsection.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The minimum uniform criteria 
                established under subparagraph (A) shall include, with 
                respect to a potential small business concern--
                            (i) on-site visits;
                            (ii) personal interviews with personnel;
                            (iii) issuance or inspection of licenses;
                            (iv) analyses of stock ownership;
                            (v) listings of equipment;
                            (vi) analyses of bonding capacity;
                            (vii) listings of work completed;
                            (viii) examination of the resumes of 
                        principal owners;
                            (ix) analyses of financial capacity; and
                            (x) analyses of the type of work preferred.
            (6) Reporting.--The Secretary shall establish minimum 
        requirements for use by State governments in reporting to the 
        Secretary--
                    (A) information concerning disadvantaged business 
                enterprise awards, commitments, and achievements; and
                    (B) such other information as the Secretary 
                determines to be appropriate for the proper monitoring 
                of the disadvantaged business enterprise program.
            (7) Compliance with court orders.--Nothing in this 
        subsection limits the eligibility of an individual or entity to 
        receive funds made available under this Act and section 403 of 
        title 23, United States Code, if the entity or person is 
        prevented, in whole or in part, from complying with paragraph 
        (3) because a Federal court issues a final order in which the 
        court finds that a requirement or the implementation of 
        paragraph (3) is unconstitutional.
            (8) Sense of congress on prompt payment of dbe 
        subcontractors.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) the Secretary should take additional steps to 
                ensure that recipients comply with section 26.29 of 
                title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (the 
                disadvantaged business enterprises prompt payment 
                rule), or any corresponding regulation, in awarding 
                federally funded transportation contracts under laws 
                and regulations administered by the Secretary; and
                    (B) such additional steps should include increasing 
                the ability of the Department to track and keep records 
                of complaints and to make that information publicly 
                available.

SEC. 1102. OBLIGATION CEILING.

    (a) General Limitation.--Subject to subsection (e), and 
notwithstanding any other provision of law, the obligations for 
Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs shall not 
exceed--
            (1) $54,388,462,378 for fiscal year 2021;
            (2) $55,483,447,378 for fiscal year 2022;
            (3) $56,666,082,378 for fiscal year 2023;
            (4) $57,930,317,378 for fiscal year 2024; and
            (5) $59,103,552,378 for fiscal year 2025.
    (b) Exceptions.--The limitations under subsection (a) shall not 
apply to obligations under or for--
            (1) section 125 of title 23, United States Code;
            (2) section 147 of the Surface Transportation Assistance 
        Act of 1978 (23 U.S.C. 144 note; 92 Stat. 2714);
            (3) section 9 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 (95 
        Stat. 1701);
            (4) subsections (b) and (j) of section 131 of the Surface 
        Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2119);
            (5) subsections (b) and (c) of section 149 of the Surface 
        Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 
        (101 Stat. 198);
            (6) sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface 
        Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2027);
            (7) section 157 of title 23, United States Code (as in 
        effect on June 8, 1998);
            (8) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in 
        effect for fiscal years 1998 through 2004, but only in an 
        amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
            (9) Federal-aid highway programs for which obligation 
        authority was made available under the Transportation Equity 
        Act for the 21st Century (112 Stat. 107) or subsequent Acts for 
        multiple years or to remain available until expended, but only 
        to the extent that the obligation authority has not lapsed or 
        been used;
            (10) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in 
        effect for fiscal years 2005 through 2012, but only in an 
        amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
            (11) section 1603 of SAFETEA-LU (23 U.S.C. 118 note; 119 
        Stat. 1248), to the extent that funds obligated in accordance 
        with that section were not subject to a limitation on 
        obligations at the time at which the funds were initially made 
        available for obligation;
            (12) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in 
        effect for fiscal years 2013 through 2015, but only in an 
        amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);
            (13) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (as in 
        effect for fiscal years 2016 through 2020, but only in an 
        amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years); 
        and
            (14) section 119 of title 23, United States Code (but, for 
        fiscal years 2021 through 2025, only in an amount equal to 
        $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years).
    (c) Distribution of Obligation Authority.--For each of fiscal years 
2021 through 2025, the Secretary--
            (1) shall not distribute obligation authority provided by 
        subsection (a) for the fiscal year for--
                    (A) amounts authorized for administrative expenses 
                and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United 
                States Code; and
                    (B) amounts authorized for the Bureau of 
                Transportation Statistics;
            (2) shall not distribute an amount of obligation authority 
        provided by subsection (a) that is equal to the unobligated 
        balance of amounts--
                    (A) made available from the Highway Trust Fund 
                (other than the Mass Transit Account) for Federal-aid 
                highway and highway safety construction programs for 
                previous fiscal years the funds for which are allocated 
                by the Secretary (or apportioned by the Secretary under 
                section 202 or 204 of title 23, United States Code); 
                and
                    (B) for which obligation authority was provided in 
                a previous fiscal year;
            (3) shall determine the proportion that--
                    (A) the obligation authority provided by subsection 
                (a) for the fiscal year, less the aggregate of amounts 
                not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this 
                subsection; bears to
                    (B) the total of the sums authorized to be 
                appropriated for the Federal-aid highway and highway 
                safety construction programs (other than sums 
                authorized to be appropriated for provisions of law 
                described in paragraphs (1) through (13) of subsection 
                (b) and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 
                119 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the 
                amount referred to in subsection (b)(14) for the fiscal 
                year), less the aggregate of the amounts not 
                distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this 
                subsection;
            (4) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by 
        subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed 
        under paragraphs (1) and (2), for each of the programs (other 
        than programs to which paragraph (1) applies) that are 
        allocated by the Secretary under this Act and title 23, United 
        States Code, or apportioned by the Secretary under sections 202 
        or 204 of that title, by multiplying--
                    (A) the proportion determined under paragraph (3); 
                by
                    (B) the amounts authorized to be appropriated for 
                each such program for the fiscal year; and
            (5) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by 
        subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed 
        under paragraphs (1) and (2) and the amounts distributed under 
        paragraph (4), for Federal-aid highway and highway safety 
        construction programs that are apportioned by the Secretary 
        under title 23, United States Code (other than the amounts 
        apportioned for the national highway performance program in 
        section 119 of title 23, United States Code, that are exempt 
        from the limitation under subsection (b)(14) and the amounts 
        apportioned under sections 202 and 204 of that title) in the 
        proportion that--
                    (A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for the 
                programs that are apportioned under title 23, United 
                States Code, to each State for the fiscal year; bears 
                to
                    (B) the total of the amounts authorized to be 
                appropriated for the programs that are apportioned 
                under title 23, United States Code, to all States for 
                the fiscal year.
    (d) Redistribution of Unused Obligation Authority.--Notwithstanding 
subsection (c), the Secretary shall, after August 1 of each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025--
            (1) revise a distribution of the obligation authority made 
        available under subsection (c) if an amount distributed cannot 
        be obligated during that fiscal year; and
            (2) redistribute sufficient amounts to those States able to 
        obligate amounts in addition to those previously distributed 
        during that fiscal year, giving priority to those States having 
        large unobligated balances of funds apportioned under sections 
        144 (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of 
        MAP-21 (Public Law 112-141; 126 Stat. 405)) and 104 of title 
        23, United States Code.
    (e) Applicability of Obligation Limitations to Transportation 
Research Programs.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        obligation limitations imposed by subsection (a) shall apply to 
        contract authority for transportation research programs carried 
        out under chapter 5 of title 23, United States Code.
            (2) Exception.--Obligation authority made available under 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) remain available for a period of 4 fiscal 
                years; and
                    (B) be in addition to the amount of any limitation 
                imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and 
                highway safety construction programs for future fiscal 
                years.
    (f) Redistribution of Certain Authorized Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        distribution of obligation authority under subsection (c) for 
        each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, the Secretary shall 
        distribute to the States any funds (excluding funds authorized 
        for the program under section 202 of title 23, United States 
        Code) that--
                    (A) are authorized to be appropriated for the 
                fiscal year for Federal-aid highway programs; and
                    (B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated 
                to the States (or will not be apportioned to the States 
                under section 204 of title 23, United States Code), and 
                will not be available for obligation, for the fiscal 
                year because of the imposition of any obligation 
                limitation for the fiscal year.
            (2) Ratio.--Funds shall be distributed under paragraph (1) 
        in the same proportion as the distribution of obligation 
        authority under subsection (c)(5).
            (3) Availability.--Funds distributed to each State under 
        paragraph (1) shall be available for any purpose described in 
        section 133(b) of title 23, United States Code.

SEC. 1103. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``assessing 
                resilience,'' after ``surveying,'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as 
                subparagraph (I); and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the 
                following:
                    ``(H) improvements that reduce the number of 
                wildlife-vehicle collisions, such as wildlife crossing 
                structures; and'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (17) through (34) as 
        paragraphs (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (25), (26), 
        (27), (28), (29), (30), (31), (32), (33), (34), (35), and (36), 
        respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (16) the following:
            ``(17) Natural infrastructure.--The term `natural 
        infrastructure' means infrastructure that uses, restores, or 
        emulates natural ecological processes and--
                    ``(A) is created through the action of natural 
                physical, geological, biological, and chemical 
                processes over time;
                    ``(B) is created by human design, engineering, and 
                construction to emulate or act in concert with natural 
                processes; or
                    ``(C) involves the use of plants, soils, and other 
                natural features, including through the creation, 
                restoration, or preservation of vegetated areas using 
                materials appropriate to the region to manage 
                stormwater and runoff, to attenuate flooding and storm 
                surges, and for other related purposes.'';
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (23) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(24) Resilience.--The term `resilience', with respect to 
        a project, means a project with the ability to anticipate, 
        prepare for, or adapt to conditions or withstand, respond to, 
        or recover rapidly from disruptions, including the ability--
                    ``(A)(i) to resist hazards or withstand impacts 
                from weather events and natural disasters; or
                    ``(ii) to reduce the magnitude, duration, or impact 
                of a disruptive weather event or natural disaster to a 
                project; and
                    ``(B) to have the absorptive capacity, adaptive 
                capacity, and recoverability to decrease project 
                vulnerability to weather events or other natural 
                disasters.''; and
            (5) in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (32) (as so 
        redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and'';
                    (B) by striking ``through the implementation'' and 
                inserting the following: ``through--
                            ``(i) the implementation''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) the consideration of incorporating 
                        natural infrastructure.''.

SEC. 1104. APPORTIONMENT.

    (a) Administrative Expenses.--Section 104(a) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
        Account) to be made available to the Secretary for 
        administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration--
                    ``(A) $490,282,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(B) $499,768,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(C) $509,708,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(D) $520,084,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    ``(E) $530,459,000 for fiscal year 2025.''.
    (b) National Highway Freight Program.--Section 104(b)(5) of title 
23, United States Code, is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and 
inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Total amount.--The total amount set aside for 
                the national highway freight program for all States 
                shall be--
                            ``(i) $1,625,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            ``(ii) $1,660,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(iii) $1,700,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                            ``(iv) $1,740,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $1,775,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025.''.
    (c) Calculation of Amounts.--Section 104(c) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``each of fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and 
                inserting ``fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year 
                thereafter'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(I), by striking 
                ``fiscal year 2015'' and inserting ``fiscal year 
                2020''; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Guaranteed amounts.--The initial amounts 
                resulting from the calculation under subparagraph (A) 
                shall be adjusted to ensure that each State receives an 
                aggregate apportionment that is--
                            ``(i) equal to at least 95 percent of the 
                        estimated tax payments paid into the Highway 
                        Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
                        Account) in the most recent fiscal year for 
                        which data are available that are--
                                    ``(I) attributable to highway users 
                                in the State; and
                                    ``(II) associated with taxes in 
                                effect on July 1, 2019, and only up to 
                                the rate those taxes were in effect on 
                                that date;
                            ``(ii) at least 2 percent greater than the 
                        apportionment that the State received for 
                        fiscal year 2020; and
                            ``(iii) at least 1 percent greater than the 
                        apportionment that the State received for the 
                        previous fiscal year.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``fiscal years 2016 
        through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter''.
    (d) Supplemental Funds.--Section 104(h) of title 23, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraph (A) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Amount.--Before making an apportionment for a 
                fiscal year under subsection (c), the Secretary shall 
                reserve for the national highway performance program 
                under section 119 for that fiscal year an amount equal 
                to--
                            ``(i) $1,160,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            ``(ii) $1,184,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(iii) $1,208,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                            ``(iv) $1,233,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $1,259,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (A) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Amount.--Before making an apportionment for a 
                fiscal year under subsection (c), the Secretary shall 
                reserve for the surface transportation block grant 
                program under section 133 for that fiscal year, 
                pursuant to section 133(h)--
                            ``(i) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            ``(ii) $1,224,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(iii) $1,248,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                            ``(iv) $1,273,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $1,299,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2025.''.

SEC. 1105. NATIONAL HIGHWAY PERFORMANCE PROGRAM.

    Section 119 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) to provide support for measures to increase the 
        resiliency of Federal-aid highways and bridges on and off the 
        National Highway System to mitigate the impacts of sea level 
        rise, extreme weather events, flooding, or other natural 
        disasters.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Protective Features.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State may use not more than 15 percent 
        of the funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(1) 
        for each fiscal year for 1 or more protective features on a 
        Federal-aid highway or bridge off the National Highway System, 
        if the protective feature is designed to mitigate the risk of 
        recurring damage, or the cost of future repairs, from extreme 
        weather events, flooding, or other natural disasters.
            ``(2) Protective features described.--A protective feature 
        referred to in paragraph (1) may include--
                    ``(A) raising roadway grades;
                    ``(B) relocating roadways in a base floodplain to 
                higher ground above projected flood elevation levels or 
                away from slide prone areas;
                    ``(C) stabilizing slide areas;
                    ``(D) stabilizing slopes;
                    ``(E) installing riprap;
                    ``(F) lengthening or raising bridges to increase 
                waterway openings;
                    ``(G) deepening channels to prevent flooding;
                    ``(H) increasing the size or number of drainage 
                structures;
                    ``(I) replacing culverts with bridges or upsizing 
                culverts;
                    ``(J) repairing or maintaining tide gates;
                    ``(K) installing seismic retrofits on bridges;
                    ``(L) adding scour protection at bridges;
                    ``(M) adding scour, stream stability, coastal, or 
                other hydraulic countermeasures, including spur dikes;
                    ``(N) the use of natural infrastructure to mitigate 
                the risk of recurring damage or the cost of future 
                repair from extreme weather events, flooding, or other 
                natural disasters; and
                    ``(O) any other features that mitigate the risk of 
                recurring damage or the cost of future repair as a 
                result of extreme weather events, flooding, or other 
                natural disasters, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection limits 
        the ability of a State to carry out a project otherwise 
        eligible under subsection (d) using funds apportioned under 
        section 104(b)(1).''.

SEC. 1106. EMERGENCY RELIEF.

    Section 125 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), by inserting ``wildfire, sea 
        level rise,'' after ``severe storm'';
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Restriction on Eligibility.--Funds under this section shall 
not be used for the repair or reconstruction of a bridge that has been 
permanently closed to all vehicular traffic by the Federal, State, 
Tribal, or responsible local official because of imminent danger of 
collapse due to a structural deficiency or physical deterioration.''; 
and
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                            (i) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting ``; and'';
                            (ii) by striking ``a facility that meets 
                        the current'' and inserting the following: ``a 
                        facility that--
                            ``(i) meets the current''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) incorporates economically 
                        justifiable improvements designed to mitigate 
                        the risk of recurring damage from extreme 
                        weather events, flooding, or other natural 
                        disasters.'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Protective features.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The cost of an improvement that 
                is part of a project under this section shall be an 
                eligible expense under this section if the improvement 
                is a protective feature that is designed to mitigate 
                the risk of recurring damage, or the cost of future 
                repair, from extreme weather events, flooding, or other 
                natural disasters.
                    ``(B) Protective features described.--A protective 
                feature referred to in subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) raising roadway grades;
                            ``(ii) relocating roadways in a base 
                        floodplain to higher ground above projected 
                        flood elevation levels or away from slide prone 
                        areas;
                            ``(iii) stabilizing slide areas;
                            ``(iv) stabilizing slopes;
                            ``(v) installing riprap;
                            ``(vi) lengthening or raising bridges to 
                        increase waterway openings;
                            ``(vii) deepening channels to prevent 
                        flooding;
                            ``(viii) increasing the size or number of 
                        drainage structures;
                            ``(ix) replacing culverts with bridges or 
                        upsizing culverts;
                            ``(x) repairing or maintaining tide gates;
                            ``(xi) installing seismic retrofits on 
                        bridges;
                            ``(xii) adding scour protection at bridges;
                            ``(xiii) adding scour, stream stability, 
                        coastal, and other hydraulic countermeasures, 
                        including spur dikes;
                            ``(xiv) the use of natural infrastructure 
                        to mitigate the risk of recurring damage or the 
                        cost of future repair from extreme weather 
                        events, flooding, or other natural disasters; 
                        and
                            ``(xv) any other features that mitigate the 
                        risk of recurring damage or the cost of future 
                        repair as a result of extreme weather events, 
                        flooding, or other natural disasters, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 1107. FEDERAL SHARE PAYABLE.

    Section 120(c) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Protective features.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, the Federal share payable for the 
                cost of a protective feature on a Federal-aid highway 
                or bridge project under this title may be up to 100 
                percent, at the discretion of the State, if the 
                protective feature is an improvement designed to 
                mitigate the risk of recurring damage, or the cost of 
                future repair, from extreme weather events, flooding, 
                or other natural disasters.
                    ``(B) Protective features described.--A protective 
                feature referred to in subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) raising roadway grades;
                            ``(ii) relocating roadways in a base 
                        floodplain to higher ground above projected 
                        flood elevation levels or away from slide prone 
                        areas;
                            ``(iii) stabilizing slide areas;
                            ``(iv) stabilizing slopes;
                            ``(v) installing riprap;
                            ``(vi) lengthening or raising bridges to 
                        increase waterway openings;
                            ``(vii) deepening channels to prevent 
                        flooding;
                            ``(viii) increasing the size or number of 
                        drainage structures;
                            ``(ix) replacing culverts with bridges or 
                        upsizing culverts;
                            ``(x) repairing or maintaining tide gates;
                            ``(xi) installing seismic retrofits on 
                        bridges;
                            ``(xii) adding scour protection at bridges;
                            ``(xiii) adding scour, stream stability, 
                        coastal, and other hydraulic countermeasures, 
                        including spur dikes;
                            ``(xiv) the use of natural infrastructure 
                        to mitigate the risk of recurring damage or the 
                        cost of future repair from extreme weather 
                        events, flooding, or other natural disasters; 
                        and
                            ``(xv) any other features that mitigate the 
                        risk of recurring damage or the cost of future 
                        repair as a result of extreme weather events, 
                        flooding, or other natural disasters, as 
                        determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 1108. RAILWAY-HIGHWAY GRADE CROSSINGS.

    (a) In General.--Section 130(e) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``Protective Devices'' and 
        inserting ``Railway-Highway Grade Crossings''; and
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``crossings'' 
                in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows 
                through ``2020.'' in clause (v) and inserting the 
                following: ``crossings and as described in subparagraph 
                (B), not less than $245,000,000 for each of fiscal 
                years 2021 through 2025.''; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Reducing trespassing fatalities and 
                injuries.--A State may use funds set aside under 
                subparagraph (A) for projects to reduce pedestrian 
                fatalities and injuries from trespassing at grade 
                crossings.''.
    (b) Federal Share.--Section 130(f)(3) of title 23, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``90 percent'' and inserting ``100 
percent''.
    (c) GAO Study.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to Congress a report that includes an analysis of the effectiveness of 
the railway-highway crossings program under section 130 of title 23, 
United States Code.
    (d) Sense of Congress Relating to Trespasser Deaths Along Railroad 
Rights-of-Way.--It is the sense of Congress that the Department should, 
where feasible, coordinate departmental efforts to prevent or reduce 
trespasser deaths along railroad rights-of-way and at or near railway-
highway crossings.

SEC. 1109. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 133 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by adding ``or'' at the end;
                                    (II) by striking ``facilities 
                                eligible'' and inserting the following: 
                                ``facilities--
                            ``(i) that are eligible''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(ii) that are privately or majority-
                        privately owned, but that the Secretary 
                        determines provide a substantial public 
                        transportation benefit or otherwise meet the 
                        foremost needs of the surface transportation 
                        system described in section 101(b)(3)(D);'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) wildlife crossing structures.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting 
                ``148(a)(4)(B)(xvii),'' after ``119(g),'';
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (15) as 
                paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), 
                (13), (15), (16), and (17), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Projects that use natural infrastructure alone or in 
        combination with other eligible projects to enhance resilience 
        of a transportation facility otherwise eligible for assistance 
        under this section.'';
                    (E) by inserting after paragraph (13) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(14) Projects and strategies designed to reduce the 
        number of wildlife-vehicle collisions, including project-
        related planning, design, construction, monitoring, and 
        preventative maintenance.''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(18) Rural barge landing, dock, and waterfront 
        infrastructure projects in accordance with subsection (j).'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``paragraphs (4) 
                through (11)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (5) through 
                (12) and paragraph (18)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
                (5); and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) for a bridge project for the replacement of a low 
        water crossing (as defined by the Secretary) with a bridge; 
        and'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``the percentage specified in 
                paragraph (6) for a fiscal year'' and inserting ``55 
                percent for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (6);
            (4) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``fiscal years 2016 through 
        2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 2025'';
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or low water crossing 
                        (as defined by the Secretary)'' after ``a 
                        highway bridge''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``or low water crossing 
                        (as defined by the Secretary)'' after ``other 
                        than a bridge'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``activities 
                described in subsection (b)(2) for off-system bridges'' 
                and inserting ``activities described in paragraphs 
                (1)(A) and (10) of subsection (b) for off-system 
                bridges, projects and activities described in 
                subsection (b)(1)(A) for the replacement of low water 
                crossings with bridges, and projects and activities 
                described in subsection (b)(10) for low water crossings 
                (as defined by the Secretary),''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``bridge or rehabilitation 
                        of a bridge'' and inserting ``bridge, 
                        rehabilitation of a bridge, or replacement of a 
                        low water crossing (as defined by the 
                        Secretary) with a bridge''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``or, in the case of a 
                        replacement of a low water crossing with a 
                        bridge, is determined by the Secretary on 
                        completion to have improved the safety of the 
                        location'' after ``no longer a deficient 
                        bridge'';
            (6) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``fiscal years 2016 
        through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 
        2025''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j) Rural Barge Landing, Dock, and Waterfront Infrastructure 
Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State may use not more than 5 percent 
        of the funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(2) 
        for eligible rural barge landing, dock, and waterfront 
        infrastructure projects described in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Eligible projects.--An eligible rural barge landing, 
        dock, or waterfront infrastructure project referred to in 
        paragraph (1) is a project for the planning, designing, 
        engineering, or construction of a barge landing, dock, or other 
        waterfront infrastructure in a rural community or a Native 
        village (as defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims 
        Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602))--
                    ``(A) that is off the road system; and
                    ``(B) for which the Secretary determines there is a 
                lack of adequate infrastructure.''.
    (b) Set-Aside.--Section 133(h) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking clauses (i) and (ii) 
        and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) $1,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                            ``(ii) $1,224,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(iii) $1,248,000,000 for fiscal year 
                        2023;
                            ``(iv) $1,273,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $1,299,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Allocation within a state.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), funds reserved for a State under 
                paragraph (1) shall be obligated within that State in 
                the manner described in subsection (d), except that, 
                for purposes of this paragraph (after funds are made 
                available under paragraph (5))--
                            ``(i) for each fiscal year, the percentage 
                        specified in subsection (d)(1)(A) shall be 
                        deemed to be 57.5 percent; and
                            ``(ii) paragraph (3) of that subsection 
                        shall not apply.
                    ``(B) Local control.--
                            ``(i) In general.--On approval of a plan 
                        submitted to the Secretary that describes the 
                        manner in which the plan will maximize local 
                        control and the means by which the State plans 
                        to comply with paragraph (8), the State may 
                        allocate up to 100 percent of the funds 
                        referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) to counties 
                        and other local transportation entities.
                            ``(ii) Requirement.--A State that allocates 
                        funding under clause (i) to counties and other 
                        local transportation entities shall make 
                        available an equivalent amount of obligation 
                        limitation to those counties and other local 
                        transportation entities.'';
            (3) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                    (A) in clause (vii), by striking ``responsible'' 
                and all that follows through ``programs'';
                    (B) in clause (viii), by inserting ``that serves an 
                urbanized population of over 200,000'' after 
                ``metropolitan planning organization'';
                    (C) by redesignating clauses (vii) and (viii) as 
                clauses (viii) and (ix), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after clause (vi) the following:
                            ``(vii) a metropolitan planning 
                        organization that serves an urbanized 
                        population of 200,000 or fewer;'';
            (4) in paragraph (6), by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Improving accessibility and efficiency.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A State may elect to use 
                        an amount equal to not more than 7 percent of 
                        the funds reserved for the State under this 
                        subsection, after allocating funds in 
                        accordance with paragraph (2)(A), to improve 
                        the ability of applicants to access funding for 
                        projects under this subsection in an efficient 
                        and expeditious manner by--
                                    ``(I) providing to applicants for 
                                projects under this subsection 
                                application assistance, technical 
                                assistance, and assistance in reducing 
                                the period of time between the 
                                selection of the project and the 
                                obligation of funds for the project; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) providing funding for 1 or 
                                more full-time State employee positions 
                                to administer this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Use of funds.--Amounts used under 
                        clause (i) may be expended--
                                    ``(I) directly by the State; or
                                    ``(II) through contracts with State 
                                agencies, private entities, or 
                                nonprofit entities.'';
            (5) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
            (6) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
            ``(7) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) Required aggregate non-federal share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The average annual non-
                        Federal share of the total cost of all projects 
                        carried out under this subsection in a State 
                        for a fiscal year shall be not less than the 
                        non-Federal share authorized for the State 
                        under section 120(b).
                            ``(ii) Single projects.--Subject to clause 
                        (i), the Federal share of the total cost of a 
                        single project carried out under this 
                        subsection may be up to 100 percent.
                    ``(B) Flexible financing.--Subject to subparagraph 
                (A), notwithstanding section 120--
                            ``(i) funds made available to carry out 
                        section 148 may be credited toward the non-
                        Federal share of the costs of a project type 
                        under this subsection that the Secretary 
                        determines to have an expected safety benefit; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the non-Federal share for a project 
                        under this subsection may be calculated on a 
                        project, multiple-project, or program basis.''.

SEC. 1110. NATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT FREIGHT AND HIGHWAY PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 117 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``in and 
                across rural and urban areas'' after ``people''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``, including 
                highways that support movement of energy equipment'' 
                after ``security'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Grant administration.--The Secretary may--
                    ``(A) retain not more than a total of 2 percent of 
                the funds made available to carry out this section for 
                the National Surface Transportation and Innovative 
                Finance Bureau to review applications for grants under 
                this section; and
                    ``(B) transfer portions of the funds retained under 
                subparagraph (A) to the relevant Administrators to fund 
                the award and oversight of grants provided under this 
                section.'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (iii)(II), by striking ``or'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) in clause (iv), by striking ``and'' at 
                        the end and inserting ``or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) a wildlife crossing project; and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i)--
                            (i) by striking ``$500,000,000'' and 
                        inserting ``30 percent''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``fiscal years 2016 
                        through 2020, in the aggregate,'' and inserting 
                        ``each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Critical rural state interstate projects.--
                    ``(A) Requirement.--Not less than $500,000,000 of 
                the amounts made available for grants under this 
                section for fiscal years 2021 through 2025, in the 
                aggregate, shall be used to make grants for Interstate 
                interchange projects between 2 routes on the Interstate 
                System that--
                            ``(i) are located in a State--
                                    ``(I) with a population density of 
                                not more than 80 persons per square 
                                mile of land area, based on the 2010 
                                census; and
                                    ``(II) that has 3 or fewer 
                                Interstate interchanges between 2 
                                routes on the Interstate System; and
                            ``(ii) are projects that--
                                    ``(I) address a freight system need 
                                identified in a State freight plan 
                                under section 70202 of title 49 
                                (referred to in this paragraph as a 
                                `State freight plan');
                                    ``(II) address a freight mobility 
                                issue identified in a State freight 
                                plan; or
                                    ``(III) are identified in a State 
                                freight plan.
                    ``(B) Inclusion in state freight plan.--A project 
                described in subparagraph (A)(ii)(III) may include a 
                project listed in the freight investment plan required 
                under section 70202(b)(9) of title 49.
                    ``(C) Unutilized amounts.--If, in fiscal year 2025, 
                the Secretary determines that grants under this 
                paragraph will not allow for the amount reserved under 
                subparagraph (A) to be fully utilized, the Secretary 
                shall use the unutilized amounts to make other grants 
                under this section during that fiscal year.
            ``(4) Critical urban state projects.--
                    ``(A) Requirement.--Not less than $500,000,000 of 
                the amounts made available for grants under this 
                section for fiscal years 2021 through 2025, in the 
                aggregate, shall be used to make grants to eligible 
                projects that are located in a State with a population 
                density of not less than 400 persons per square mile of 
                land area, based on the 2010 census.
                    ``(B) Inclusion in state freight plan.--A project 
                described in subparagraph (A) may include a project 
                listed in the freight investment plan required under 
                section 70202(b)(9) of title 49.
                    ``(C) Unutilized amounts.--If, in fiscal year 2025, 
                the Secretary determines that grants under this 
                paragraph will not allow for the amount reserved under 
                subparagraph (A) to be fully utilized, the Secretary 
                shall use the unutilized amounts to make other grants 
                under this section during that fiscal year.'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``10 percent'' 
                and inserting ``not less than 15 percent'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) the effect of the proposed project on safety 
                on freight corridors with significant hazards, such as 
                high winds, heavy snowfall, flooding, rockslides, 
                mudslides, wildfire, wildlife crossing onto the 
                roadway, or steep grades.''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Requirement.--Of the amounts reserved under paragraph 
        (1), not less than 30 percent shall be used for projects in 
        rural areas (as defined in subsection (i)(3)).'';
            (5) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) enhancement of freight resilience to natural hazards 
        or disasters, including high winds, heavy snowfall, flooding, 
        rockslides, mudslides, wildfire, wildlife crossing onto the 
        roadway, or steep grades.'';
            (6) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``other grants under 
        this section'' and inserting ``grants under subsection (e)'';
            (7) in subsection (j)--
                    (A) by striking the subsection designation and 
                heading and all that follows through ``The Federal 
                share'' in paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
    ``(j) Federal Assistance.--
            ``(1) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B) or for a grant under subsection (q), 
                the Federal share'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Small projects.--In the case of a project 
                described in subsection (e)(1), the Federal share of 
                the cost of the project shall be 80 percent.''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``Federal assistance 
                        other'' and inserting ``Except for grants under 
                        subsection (q), Federal assistance other''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``except that the total 
                        Federal'' and inserting the following: ``except 
                        that--
                    ``(A) for a State with a population density of not 
                more than 80 persons per square mile of land area, 
                based on the 2010 census, the maximum share of the 
                total Federal assistance provided for a project 
                receiving a grant under this section shall be the 
                applicable share under section 120(b); and
                    ``(B) for a State not described in subparagraph 
                (A), the total Federal'';
            (8) by redesignating subsections (k) through (n) as 
        subsections (l), (m), (n), and (p), respectively;
            (9) by inserting after subsection (j) the following:
    ``(k) Efficient Use of Non-Federal Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law and subject to approval by the Secretary under paragraph 
        (2)(B), in the case of any grant for a project under this 
        section, during the period beginning on the date on which the 
        grant recipient is selected and ending on the date on which the 
        grant agreement is signed--
                    ``(A) the grant recipient may obligate and expend 
                non-Federal funds with respect to the project for which 
                the grant is provided; and
                    ``(B) any non-Federal funds obligated or expended 
                in accordance with subparagraph (A) shall be credited 
                toward the non-Federal cost share for the project for 
                which the grant is provided.
            ``(2) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Application.--In order to obligate and expend 
                non-Federal funds under paragraph (1), the grant 
                recipient shall submit to the Secretary a request to 
                obligate and expend non-Federal funds under that 
                paragraph, including--
                            ``(i) a description of the activities the 
                        grant recipient intends to fund;
                            ``(ii) a justification for advancing the 
                        activities described in clause (i), including 
                        an assessment of the effects to the project 
                        scope, schedule, and budget if the request is 
                        not approved; and
                            ``(iii) the level of risk of the activities 
                        described in clause (i).
                    ``(B) Approval.--The Secretary shall approve or 
                disapprove each request submitted under subparagraph 
                (A).
                    ``(C) Compliance with applicable requirements.--Any 
                non-Federal funds obligated or expended under paragraph 
                (1) shall comply with all applicable requirements, 
                including any requirements included in the grant 
                agreement.
            ``(3) Effect.--The obligation or expenditure of any non-
        Federal funds in accordance with this subsection shall not--
                    ``(A) affect the signing of a grant agreement or 
                other applicable grant procedures with respect to the 
                applicable grant;
                    ``(B) create an obligation on the part of the 
                Federal Government to repay any non-Federal funds if 
                the grant agreement is not signed; or
                    ``(C) affect the ability of recipient of the grant 
                to obligate or expend non-Federal funds to meet the 
                non-Federal cost share for the project for which the 
                grant is provided after the period described in 
                paragraph (1).'';
            (10) by inserting after subsection (n) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
    ``(o) Applicant Notification.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date on 
        which a grant recipient for a project under this section is 
        selected, the Secretary shall provide to each eligible 
        applicant not selected for that grant a written notification 
        that the eligible applicant was not selected.
            ``(2) Inclusion.--A written notification under paragraph 
        (1) shall include an offer for a written or telephonic debrief 
        by the Secretary that will provide--
                    ``(A) detail on the evaluation of the application 
                of the eligible applicant; and
                    ``(B) an explanation of and guidance on the reasons 
                the application was not selected for a grant under this 
                section.
            ``(3) Response.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the 
                eligible applicant receives a written notification 
                under paragraph (1), if the eligible applicant opts to 
                receive a debrief described in paragraph (2), the 
                eligible applicant shall notify the Secretary that the 
                eligible applicant is requesting a debrief.
                    ``(B) Debrief.--If the eligible applicant submits a 
                request for a debrief under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall provide the debrief by not later than 
                60 days after the date on which the Secretary receives 
                the request for a debrief.''; and
            (11) by striking subsection (p) (as so redesignated) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(p) Reports.--
            ``(1) Annual report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, not later than 30 days after the date 
                on which the Secretary selects a project for funding 
                under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate 
                and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
                of the House of Representatives a report that describes 
                the reasons for selecting the project, based on any 
                criteria established by the Secretary in accordance 
                with this section.
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The report submitted under 
                subparagraph (A) shall specify each criterion 
                established by the Secretary that the project meets.
                    ``(C) Availability.--The Secretary shall make 
                available on the website of the Department of 
                Transportation the report submitted under subparagraph 
                (A).
                    ``(D) Applicability.--This paragraph applies to all 
                projects described in subparagraph (A) that the 
                Secretary selects on or after January 1, 2019.
            ``(2) Comptroller general.--
                    ``(A) Assessment.--The Comptroller General of the 
                United States shall conduct an assessment of the 
                establishment, solicitation, selection, and 
                justification process with respect to the funding of 
                projects under this section.
                    ``(B) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019 and annually thereafter, the 
                Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
                to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
                Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report 
                that describes, for each project selected to receive 
                funding under this section--
                            ``(i) the process by which each project was 
                        selected;
                            ``(ii) the factors that went into the 
                        selection of each project; and
                            ``(iii) the justification for the selection 
                        of each project based on any criteria 
                        established by the Secretary in accordance with 
                        this section.
            ``(3) Inspector general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
        date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
        Infrastructure Act of 2019 and annually thereafter, the 
        Inspector General of the Department of Transportation shall--
                    ``(A) conduct an assessment of the establishment, 
                solicitation, selection, and justification process with 
                respect to the funding of projects under this section; 
                and
                    ``(B) submit to the Committee on Environment and 
                Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a final report that describes the 
                findings of the Inspector General of the Department of 
                Transportation with respect to the assessment conducted 
                under subparagraph (A).
    ``(q) State Incentives Pilot Program.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--There is established a pilot program 
        to award grants to eligible applicants for projects eligible 
        for grants under this section (referred to in this subsection 
        as the `pilot program').
            ``(2) Priority.--In awarding grants under the pilot 
        program, the Secretary shall give priority to an application 
        that offers a greater non-Federal share of the cost of a 
        project relative to other applications under the pilot program.
            ``(3) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, the Federal share of the cost of a 
                project assisted with a grant under the pilot program 
                may not exceed 50 percent.
                    ``(B) No federal involvement.--
                            ``(i) In general.--For grants awarded under 
                        the pilot program, except as provided in clause 
                        (ii), an eligible applicant may not use Federal 
                        assistance to satisfy the non-Federal share of 
                        the cost under subparagraph (A).
                            ``(ii) Exception.--An eligible applicant 
                        may use funds from a secured loan (as defined 
                        in section 601(a)) to satisfy the non-Federal 
                        share of the cost under subparagraph (A) if the 
                        loan is repayable from non-Federal funds.
            ``(4) Reservation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Of the amounts made available to 
                provide grants under this section, the Secretary shall 
                reserve for each fiscal year $150,000,000 to provide 
                grants under the pilot program.
                    ``(B) Unutilized amounts.--In any fiscal year 
                during which applications under this subsection are 
                insufficient to effect an award or allocation of the 
                entire amount reserved under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall use the unutilized amounts to provide 
                other grants under this section.
            ``(5) Set-asides.--
                    ``(A) Small projects.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the amounts reserved 
                        under paragraph (4)(A), the Secretary shall 
                        reserve for each fiscal year not less than 10 
                        percent for projects eligible for a grant under 
                        subsection (e).
                            ``(ii) Requirement.--For a grant awarded 
                        from the amount reserved under clause (i)--
                                    ``(I) the requirements of 
                                subsection (e) shall apply; and
                                    ``(II) the requirements of 
                                subsection (g) shall not apply.
                    ``(B) Rural projects.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the amounts reserved 
                        under paragraph (4)(A), the Secretary shall 
                        reserve for each fiscal year not less than 25 
                        percent for projects eligible for a grant under 
                        subsection (i).
                            ``(ii) Requirement.--For a grant awarded 
                        from the amount reserved under clause (i), the 
                        requirements of subsection (i) shall apply.
            ``(6) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
        of the House of Representatives a report that describes the 
        administration of the pilot program, including--
                    ``(A) the number, types, and locations of eligible 
                applicants that have applied for grants under the pilot 
                program;
                    ``(B) the number, types, and locations of grant 
                recipients under the pilot program;
                    ``(C) an assessment of whether implementation of 
                the pilot program has incentivized eligible applicants 
                to offer a greater non-Federal share for grants under 
                the pilot program; and
                    ``(D) any recommendations for modifications to the 
                pilot program.''.
    (b) Efficient Use of Non-Federal Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, in the case of a grant described in paragraph (2), section 
        117(k) of title 23, United States Code, shall apply to the 
        grant as if the grant was a grant provided under that section.
            (2) Grant described.--A grant referred to in paragraph (1) 
        is a grant that is--
                    (A) provided under a competitive discretionary 
                grant program administered by the Federal Highway 
                Administration;
                    (B) for a project eligible under title 23, United 
                States Code; and
                    (C) in an amount greater than $5,000,000.

SEC. 1111. HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                            (i) in clause (xxviii), by striking 
                        ``through (xxvii)'' and inserting ``through 
                        (xxviii)'';
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (xxviii) as 
                        clause (xxix); and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (xxvii) the 
                        following:
                            ``(xxviii) Leading pedestrian intervals.'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (10) through (12) 
                as paragraphs (11) through (13), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) Safety project under any other section.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `safety project under 
                any other section' means a project carried out for the 
                purpose of safety under any other section of this 
                title.
                    ``(B) Inclusion.--The term `safety project under 
                any other section' includes a project, consistent with 
                the State strategic highway safety plan, that--
                            ``(i) promotes public awareness and informs 
                        the public regarding highway safety matters 
                        (including motorcycle safety);
                            ``(ii) facilitates enforcement of traffic 
                        safety laws;
                            ``(iii) provides infrastructure and 
                        infrastructure-related equipment to support 
                        emergency services; or
                            ``(iv) conducts safety-related research to 
                        evaluate experimental safety countermeasures or 
                        equipment.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``subsections 
        (a)(11)'' and inserting ``subsections (a)(12)'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(2)(B)(i), by striking ``subsection 
        (a)(11)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)(12)''; and
            (4) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Flexible funding for safety projects under any other 
        section.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To advance the implementation of 
                a State strategic highway safety plan, a State may use 
                not more than 25 percent of the amounts apportioned to 
                the State under section 104(b)(3) for a fiscal year to 
                carry out safety projects under any other section.
                    ``(B) Other transportation and highway safety 
                plans.--Nothing in this paragraph requires a State to 
                revise any State process, plan, or program in effect on 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph.''.

SEC. 1112. FEDERAL LANDS TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM.

    Section 203(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by adding ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a period; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                ``$10,000,000'' and inserting ``$20,000,000''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Native plant materials.--In carrying out an activity 
        described in paragraph (1), the entity carrying out the 
        activity shall consider--
                    ``(A) the use of locally adapted native plant 
                materials; and
                    ``(B) designs that minimize runoff and heat 
                generation.''.

SEC. 1113. FEDERAL LANDS ACCESS PROGRAM.

    Section 204(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                inserting ``context-sensitive solutions,'' after 
                ``restoration,'';
                    (B) in clause (i), by inserting ``, including 
                interpretive panels in or adjacent to those areas'' 
                after ``areas'';
                    (C) in clause (v), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (D) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (ix); 
                and
                    (E) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) contextual wayfinding markers;
                            ``(vii) landscaping;
                            ``(viii) cooperative mitigation of visual 
                        blight, including screening or removal; and''; 
                        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Native plant materials.--In carrying out an activity 
        described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure that the 
        entity carrying out the activity considers--
                    ``(A) the use of locally adapted native plant 
                materials; and
                    ``(B) designs that minimize runoff and heat 
                generation.''.

SEC. 1114. NATIONAL HIGHWAY FREIGHT PROGRAM.

    Section 167 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``150 miles'' and 
                inserting ``300 miles''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Rural states.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), a State 
        with a population per square mile of area that is less than the 
        national average, based on the 2010 census, may designate as 
        critical rural freight corridors a maximum of 600 miles of 
        highway or 25 percent of the primary highway freight system 
        mileage in the State, whichever is greater.'';
            (2) in subsection (f)(4), by striking ``75 miles'' and 
        inserting ``150 miles''; and
            (3) in subsection (i)(5)(B)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 
                ``10 percent'' and inserting ``30 percent'';
                    (B) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (C) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) for the modernization or 
                        rehabilitation of a lock and dam, if the 
                        Secretary determines that the project--
                                    ``(I) is functionally connected to 
                                the National Highway Freight Network; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) is likely to reduce on-road 
                                mobile source emissions; and
                            ``(iv) on a marine highway corridor, 
                        connector, or crossing designated by the 
                        Secretary under section 55601(c) of title 46 
                        (including an inland waterway corridor, 
                        connector, or crossing), if the Secretary 
                        determines that the project--
                                    ``(I) is functionally connected to 
                                the National Highway Freight Network; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) is likely to reduce on-road 
                                mobile source emissions.''.

SEC. 1115. CONGESTION MITIGATION AND AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 149 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``subsection (d)'' and inserting ``subsections 
                (d) and (m)(1)(B)(ii)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (8)(B), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in paragraph (9), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) if the project is for the modernization or 
        rehabilitation of a lock and dam that--
                    ``(A) is functionally connected to the Federal-aid 
                highway system; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines is likely to 
                contribute to the attainment or maintenance of a 
                national ambient air quality standard; or
            ``(11) if the project is on a marine highway corridor, 
        connector, or crossing designated by the Secretary under 
        section 55601(c) of title 46 (including an inland waterway 
        corridor, connector, or crossing) that--
                    ``(A) is functionally connected to the Federal-aid 
                highway system; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines is likely to 
                contribute to the attainment or maintenance of a 
                national ambient air quality standard.'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Locks and dams; marine highways.--For each fiscal 
        year, a State may not obligate more than 10 percent of the 
        funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(4) for 
        projects described in paragraphs (10) and (11) of subsection 
        (b).''; and
            (3) by striking subsection (m) and inserting the following:
    ``(m) Operating Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State may obligate funds apportioned 
        under section 104(b)(4) in an area of the State that is 
        otherwise eligible for obligations of such funds for operating 
        costs--
                    ``(A) under chapter 53 of title 49; or
                    ``(B) on--
                            ``(i) a system for which CMAQ funding was 
                        eligible, made available, obligated, or 
                        expended in fiscal year 2012; or
                            ``(ii) a State-supported Amtrak route with 
                        a valid cost-sharing agreement under section 
                        209 of the Passenger Rail Investment and 
                        Improvement Act of 2008 (49 U.S.C. 24101 note; 
                        Public Law 110-432) and no current 
                        nonattainment areas under subsection (d).
            ``(2) No time limitation.--Operating assistance provided 
        under paragraph (1) shall have no imposed time limitation if 
        the operating assistance is for--
                    ``(A) a route described in subparagraph (B)(ii) of 
                that paragraph; or
                    ``(B) a transit system that is located in--
                            ``(i) a non-urbanized area; or
                            ``(ii) an urbanized area with a population 
                        of 200,000 or fewer.''.

SEC. 1116. NATIONAL SCENIC BYWAYS PROGRAM.

    (a) Request for Nominations.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue a request for 
nominations with respect to roads to be designated under the national 
scenic byways program, as described in section 162(a) of title 23, 
United States Code. The Secretary shall make the request for 
nominations available on the appropriate website of the Department.
    (b) Designation Determinations.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date on which the request for nominations required under subsection (a) 
is issued, the Secretary shall make publicly available on the 
appropriate website of the Department a list specifying the roads, 
nominated pursuant to such request, to be designated under the national 
scenic byways program.

SEC. 1117. ALASKA HIGHWAY.

    Section 218 of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
``Sec. 218. Alaska Highway
    ``(a) Recognizing the benefits that will accrue to the State of 
Alaska and to the United States from the reconstruction of the Alaska 
Highway from the Alaskan border at Beaver Creek, Yukon Territory, to 
Haines Junction in Canada and the Haines Cutoff Highway from Haines 
Junction in Canada to Haines, Alaska, the Secretary may provide for the 
necessary reconstruction of the highway using funds awarded through an 
applicable competitive grant program, if the highway meets all 
applicable eligibility requirements for the program, except for the 
specific requirements established by the agreement for the Alaska 
Highway Project between the Government of the United States and the 
Government of Canada. In addition to the funds described in the 
previous sentence, notwithstanding any other provision of law and on 
agreement with the State of Alaska, the Secretary is authorized to 
expend on such highway or the Alaska Marine Highway System any Federal-
aid highway funds apportioned to the State of Alaska under this title 
at a Federal share of 100 per centum. No expenditures shall be made for 
the construction of the portion of such highways that are in Canada 
unless an agreement is in place between the Government of Canada and 
the Government of the United States (including an agreement in 
existence on the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
Infrastructure Act of 2019) that provides, in part, that the Canadian 
Government--
            ``(1) will provide, without participation of funds 
        authorized under this title, all necessary right-of-way for the 
        reconstruction of such highways;
            ``(2) will not impose any highway toll, or permit any such 
        toll to be charged for the use of such highways by vehicles or 
        persons;
            ``(3) will not levy or assess, directly or indirectly, any 
        fee, tax, or other charge for the use of such highways by 
        vehicles or persons from the United States that does not apply 
        equally to vehicles or persons of Canada;
            ``(4) will continue to grant reciprocal recognition of 
        vehicle registration and driver's licenses in accordance with 
        agreements between the United States and Canada; and
            ``(5) will maintain such highways after their completion in 
        proper condition adequately to serve the needs of present and 
        future traffic.
    ``(b) The survey and construction work undertaken in Canada 
pursuant to this section shall be under the general supervision of the 
Secretary.
    ``(c) For purposes of this section, the term `Alaska Marine Highway 
System' includes all existing or planned transportation facilities and 
equipment in Alaska, including the lease, purchase, or construction of 
vessels, terminals, docks, floats, ramps, staging areas, parking lots, 
bridges and approaches thereto, and necessary roads.''.

SEC. 1118. TOLL ROADS, BRIDGES, TUNNELS, AND FERRIES.

    Section 129(c) of title 23, United States Code, is amended in the 
matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking ``the construction of ferry 
boats and ferry terminal facilities, whether toll or free,'' and 
inserting ``the construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal 
facilities (including ferry maintenance facilities), whether toll or 
free, and the procurement of transit vehicles used exclusively as an 
integral part of an intermodal ferry trip,''.

SEC. 1119. BRIDGE INVESTMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after section 123 the following:
``Sec. 124. Bridge investment program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible project.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `eligible project' 
                means a project to replace, rehabilitate, preserve, or 
                protect 1 or more bridges on the National Bridge 
                Inventory under section 144(b).
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The term `eligible project' 
                includes--
                            ``(i) a bundle of projects described in 
                        subparagraph (A), regardless of whether the 
                        bundle of projects meets the requirements of 
                        section 144(j)(5); and
                            ``(ii) a project to replace or rehabilitate 
                        culverts for the purpose of improving flood 
                        control and improved habitat connectivity for 
                        aquatic species.
            ``(2) Large project.--The term `large project' means an 
        eligible project with total eligible project costs of greater 
        than $100,000,000.
            ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the bridge 
        investment program established by subsection (b)(1).
    ``(b) Establishment of Bridge Investment Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--There is established a bridge investment 
        program to provide financial assistance for eligible projects 
        under this section.
            ``(2) Goals.--The goals of the program shall be--
                    ``(A) to improve the safety, efficiency, and 
                reliability of the movement of people and freight over 
                bridges;
                    ``(B) to improve the condition of bridges in the 
                United States by reducing--
                            ``(i) the number of bridges--
                                    ``(I) in poor condition; or
                                    ``(II) in fair condition and at 
                                risk of falling into poor condition 
                                within the next 3 years;
                            ``(ii) the total person miles traveled over 
                        bridges--
                                    ``(I) in poor condition; or
                                    ``(II) in fair condition and at 
                                risk of falling into poor condition 
                                within the next 3 years;
                            ``(iii) the number of bridges that--
                                    ``(I) do not meet current geometric 
                                design standards; or
                                    ``(II) cannot meet the load and 
                                traffic requirements typical of the 
                                regional transportation network; and
                            ``(iv) the total person miles traveled over 
                        bridges that--
                                    ``(I) do not meet current geometric 
                                design standards; or
                                    ``(II) cannot meet the load and 
                                traffic requirements typical of the 
                                regional transportation network; and
                    ``(C) to provide financial assistance that 
                leverages and encourages non-Federal contributions from 
                sponsors and stakeholders involved in the planning, 
                design, and construction of eligible projects.
    ``(c) Grant Authority.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the 
        Secretary may award grants, on a competitive basis, in 
        accordance with this section.
            ``(2) Grant amounts.--Except as otherwise provided, a grant 
        under the program shall be--
                    ``(A) in the case of a large project, in an amount 
                that is--
                            ``(i) adequate to fully fund the project 
                        (in combination with other financial resources 
                        identified in the application); and
                            ``(ii) not less than $50,000,000; and
                    ``(B) in the case of any other eligible project, in 
                an amount that is--
                            ``(i) adequate to fully fund the project 
                        (in combination with other financial resources 
                        identified in the application); and
                            ``(ii) not less than $2,500,000.
            ``(3) Maximum amount.--Except as otherwise provided, for an 
        eligible project receiving assistance under the program, the 
        amount of assistance provided by the Secretary under this 
        section, as a share of eligible project costs, shall be--
                    ``(A) in the case of a large project, not more than 
                50 percent; and
                    ``(B) in the case of any other eligible project, 
                not more than 80 percent.
            ``(4) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) Maximum federal involvement.--Federal 
                assistance other than a grant under the program may be 
                used to satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of a 
                project for which a grant is made, except that the 
                total Federal assistance provided for a project 
                receiving a grant under the program may not exceed the 
                Federal share for the project under section 120.
                    ``(B) Off-system bridges.--In the case of an 
                eligible project for an off-system bridge (as defined 
                in section 133(f)(1))--
                            ``(i) Federal assistance other than a grant 
                        under the program may be used to satisfy the 
                        non-Federal share of the cost of a project; and
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 
                        the total Federal assistance provided for the 
                        project shall not exceed 90 percent of the 
                        total eligible project costs.
                    ``(C) Federal land management agencies and tribal 
                governments.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
                law, Federal funds other than Federal funds made 
                available under this section may be used to pay the 
                remaining share of the cost of a project under the 
                program by a Federal land management agency or a Tribal 
                government or consortium of Tribal governments.
            ``(5) Considerations.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In awarding grants under the 
                program, the Secretary shall consider--
                            ``(i) in the case of a large project, the 
                        ratings assigned under subsection (g)(5)(A);
                            ``(ii) in the case of an eligible project 
                        other than a large project, the quality rating 
                        assigned under subsection (f)(3)(A)(ii);
                            ``(iii) the average daily person and 
                        freight throughput supported by the eligible 
                        project;
                            ``(iv) the number and percentage of bridges 
                        within the same State as the eligible project 
                        that are in poor condition;
                            ``(v) the extent to which the eligible 
                        project demonstrates cost savings by bundling 
                        multiple bridge projects;
                            ``(vi) in the case of an eligible project 
                        of a Federal land management agency, the extent 
                        to which the grant would reduce a Federal 
                        liability or Federal infrastructure maintenance 
                        backlog;
                            ``(vii) geographic diversity among grant 
                        recipients, including the need for a balance 
                        between the needs of rural and urban 
                        communities; and
                            ``(viii) the extent to which a bridge that 
                        would be assisted with a grant--
                                    ``(I) is, without that assistance--
                                            ``(aa) at risk of falling 
                                        into or remaining in poor 
                                        condition; or
                                            ``(bb) in fair condition 
                                        and at risk of falling into 
                                        poor condition within the next 
                                        3 years;
                                    ``(II) does not meet current 
                                geometric design standards based on--
                                            ``(aa) the current use of 
                                        the bridge; or
                                            ``(bb) load and traffic 
                                        requirements typical of the 
                                        regional corridor or local 
                                        network in which the bridge is 
                                        located; or
                                    ``(III) does not meet current 
                                seismic design standards.
                    ``(B) Requirement.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) give priority to an application for 
                        an eligible project that is located within a 
                        State for which--
                                    ``(I) 2 or more applications for 
                                eligible projects within the State were 
                                submitted for the current fiscal year 
                                and an average of 2 or more 
                                applications for eligible projects 
                                within the State were submitted in 
                                prior fiscal years of the program; and
                                    ``(II) fewer than 2 grants have 
                                been awarded for eligible projects 
                                within the State under the program;
                            ``(ii) during the period of fiscal years 
                        2021 through 2025, for each State described in 
                        clause (i), select--
                                    ``(I) not fewer than 1 large 
                                project that the Secretary determines 
                                is justified under the evaluation under 
                                subsection (g)(4); or
                                    ``(II) 2 eligible projects that are 
                                not large projects that the Secretary 
                                determines are justified under the 
                                evaluation under subsection (f)(3); and
                            ``(iii) not be required to award a grant 
                        for an eligible project that the Secretary does 
                        not determine is justified under an evaluation 
                        under subsection (f)(3) or (g)(4).
            ``(6) Culvert limitation.--Not more than 5 percent of the 
        amounts made available for each fiscal year for grants under 
        the program may be used for eligible projects that consist 
        solely of culvert replacement or rehabilitation.
    ``(d) Eligible Entity.--The Secretary may make a grant under the 
program to any of the following:
            ``(1) A State or a group of States.
            ``(2) A metropolitan planning organization that serves an 
        urbanized area (as designated by the Bureau of the Census) with 
        a population of over 200,000.
            ``(3) A unit of local government or a group of local 
        governments.
            ``(4) A political subdivision of a State or local 
        government.
            ``(5) A special purpose district or public authority with a 
        transportation function.
            ``(6) A Federal land management agency.
            ``(7) A Tribal government or a consortium of Tribal 
        governments.
            ``(8) A multistate or multijurisdictional group of entities 
        described in paragraphs (1) through (7).
    ``(e) Eligible Project Requirements.--The Secretary may make a 
grant under the program only to an eligible entity for an eligible 
project that--
            ``(1) in the case of a large project, the Secretary 
        recommends for funding in the annual report on funding 
        recommendations under subsection (g)(6);
            ``(2) is reasonably expected to begin construction not 
        later than 18 months after the date on which funds are 
        obligated for the project; and
            ``(3) is based on the results of preliminary engineering.
    ``(f) Competitive Process and Evaluation of Eligible Projects Other 
Than Large Projects.--
            ``(1) Competitive process.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) for the first fiscal year for which 
                        funds are made available for obligation under 
                        the program, not later than 60 days after the 
                        date on which the template under subparagraph 
                        (B)(i) is developed, and in subsequent fiscal 
                        years, not later than 60 days after the date on 
                        which amounts are made available for obligation 
                        under the program, solicit grant applications 
                        for eligible projects other than large 
                        projects; and
                            ``(ii) not later than 120 days after the 
                        date on which the solicitation under clause (i) 
                        expires, conduct evaluations under paragraph 
                        (3).
                    ``(B) Requirements.--In carrying out subparagraph 
                (A), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) develop a template for applicants to 
                        use to summarize project needs and benefits, 
                        including benefits described in paragraph 
                        (3)(B)(i); and
                            ``(ii) enable applicants to use data from 
                        the National Bridge Inventory under section 
                        144(b) to populate templates described in 
                        clause (i), as applicable.
            ``(2) Applications.--An eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(3) Evaluation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Prior to providing a grant under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) conduct an evaluation of each 
                        eligible project for which an application is 
                        received under this subsection; and
                            ``(ii) assign a quality rating to the 
                        eligible project on the basis of the evaluation 
                        under clause (i).
                    ``(B) Requirements.--In carrying out an evaluation 
                under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) consider information on project 
                        benefits submitted by the applicant using the 
                        template developed under paragraph (1)(B)(i), 
                        including whether the project will generate, as 
                        determined by the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) costs avoided by the 
                                prevention of closure or reduced use of 
                                the bridge to be improved by the 
                                project;
                                    ``(II) in the case of a bundle of 
                                projects, benefits from executing the 
                                projects as a bundle compared to as 
                                individual projects;
                                    ``(III) safety benefits, including 
                                the reduction of accidents and related 
                                costs;
                                    ``(IV) person and freight mobility 
                                benefits, including congestion 
                                reduction and reliability improvements;
                                    ``(V) national or regional economic 
                                benefits;
                                    ``(VI) benefits from long-term 
                                resiliency to extreme weather events, 
                                flooding, or other natural disasters;
                                    ``(VII) benefits from protection 
                                (as described in section 133(b)(10)), 
                                including improving seismic or scour 
                                protection;
                                    ``(VIII) environmental benefits, 
                                including wildlife connectivity;
                                    ``(IX) benefits to nonvehicular and 
                                public transportation users;
                                    ``(X) benefits of using--
                                            ``(aa) innovative design 
                                        and construction techniques; or
                                            ``(bb) innovative 
                                        technologies; or
                                    ``(XI) reductions in maintenance 
                                costs, including, in the case of a 
                                federally owned bridge, cost savings to 
                                the Federal budget; and
                            ``(ii) consider whether and the extent to 
                        which the benefits, including the benefits 
                        described in clause (i), are more likely than 
                        not to outweigh the total project costs.
    ``(g) Competitive Process, Evaluation, and Annual Report for Large 
Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an annual 
        date by which an eligible entity submitting an application for 
        a large project shall submit to the Secretary such information 
        as the Secretary may require, including information described 
        in paragraph (2), in order for a large project to be considered 
        for a recommendation by the Secretary for funding in the next 
        annual report under paragraph (6).
            ``(2) Information required.--The information referred to in 
        paragraph (1) includes--
                    ``(A) all necessary information required for the 
                Secretary to evaluate the large project; and
                    ``(B) information sufficient for the Secretary to 
                determine that--
                            ``(i) the large project meets the 
                        applicable requirements under this section; and
                            ``(ii) there is a reasonable likelihood 
                        that the large project will continue to meet 
                        the requirements under this section.
            ``(3) Determination; notice.--On making a determination 
        that information submitted to the Secretary under paragraph (1) 
        is sufficient, the Secretary shall provide a written notice of 
        that determination to--
                    ``(A) the eligible entity that submitted the 
                application;
                    ``(B) the Committee on Environment and Public Works 
                of the Senate; and
                    ``(C) the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
            ``(4) Evaluation.--The Secretary may recommend a large 
        project for funding in the annual report under paragraph (6) 
        only if the Secretary evaluates the proposed project and 
        determines that the project is justified because the project--
                    ``(A) addresses a need to improve the condition of 
                the bridge, as determined by the Secretary, consistent 
                with the goals of the program under subsection (b)(2);
                    ``(B) will generate, as determined by the 
                Secretary--
                            ``(i) costs avoided by the prevention of 
                        closure or reduced use of the bridge to be 
                        improved by the project;
                            ``(ii) in the case of a bundle of projects, 
                        benefits from executing the projects as a 
                        bundle compared to as individual projects;
                            ``(iii) safety benefits, including the 
                        reduction of accidents and related costs;
                            ``(iv) person and freight mobility 
                        benefits, including congestion reduction and 
                        reliability improvements;
                            ``(v) national or regional economic 
                        benefits;
                            ``(vi) benefits from long-term resiliency 
                        to extreme weather events, flooding, or other 
                        natural disasters;
                            ``(vii) benefits from protection (as 
                        described in section 133(b)(10)), including 
                        improving seismic or scour protection;
                            ``(viii) environmental benefits, including 
                        wildlife connectivity;
                            ``(ix) benefits to nonvehicular and public 
                        transportation users;
                            ``(x) benefits of using--
                                    ``(I) innovative design and 
                                construction techniques; or
                                    ``(II) innovative technologies; or
                            ``(xi) reductions in maintenance costs, 
                        including, in the case of a federally owned 
                        bridge, cost savings to the Federal budget;
                    ``(C) is cost effective based on an analysis of 
                whether the benefits and avoided costs described in 
                subparagraph (B) are expected to outweigh the project 
                costs;
                    ``(D) is supported by other Federal or non-Federal 
                financial commitments or revenues adequate to fund 
                ongoing maintenance and preservation; and
                    ``(E) is consistent with the objectives of an 
                applicable asset management plan of the project 
                sponsor, including a State asset management plan under 
                section 119(e) in the case of a project on the National 
                Highway System that is sponsored by a State.
            ``(5) Ratings.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall develop a 
                methodology to evaluate and rate a large project on a 
                5-point scale (the points of which include `high', 
                `medium-high', `medium', `medium-low', and `low') for 
                each of--
                            ``(i) paragraph (4)(B);
                            ``(ii) paragraph (4)(C); and
                            ``(iii) paragraph (4)(D).
                    ``(B) Requirement.--To be considered justified and 
                receive a recommendation for funding in the annual 
                report under paragraph (6), a project shall receive a 
                rating of not less than `medium' for each rating 
                required under subparagraph (A).
            ``(6) Annual report on funding recommendations for large 
        projects.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than the first Monday 
                in February of each year, the Secretary shall submit to 
                the Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and 
                Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committees on Environment and Public Works and 
                Appropriations of the Senate a report that includes--
                            ``(i) a list of large projects that have 
                        requested a recommendation for funding under a 
                        new grant agreement from funds anticipated to 
                        be available to carry out this subsection in 
                        the next fiscal year;
                            ``(ii) the evaluation under paragraph (4) 
                        and ratings under paragraph (5) for each 
                        project referred to in clause (i);
                            ``(iii) the grant amounts that the 
                        Secretary recommends providing to large 
                        projects in the next fiscal year, including--
                                    ``(I) scheduled payments under 
                                previously signed multiyear grant 
                                agreements under subsection (j);
                                    ``(II) payments for new grant 
                                agreements, including single-year grant 
                                agreements and multiyear grant 
                                agreements; and
                                    ``(III) a description of how 
                                amounts anticipated to be available for 
                                the program from the Highway Trust Fund 
                                for that fiscal year will be 
                                distributed; and
                            ``(iv) for each project for which the 
                        Secretary recommends a new multiyear grant 
                        agreement under subsection (j), the proposed 
                        payout schedule for the project.
                    ``(B) Limitations.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall not 
                        recommend in an annual report under this 
                        paragraph a new multiyear grant agreement 
                        provided from funds from the Highway Trust Fund 
                        unless the Secretary determines that the 
                        project can be completed using funds that are 
                        anticipated to be available from the Highway 
                        Trust Fund in future fiscal years.
                            ``(ii) General fund projects.--The 
                        Secretary--
                                    ``(I) may recommend for funding in 
                                an annual report under this paragraph a 
                                large project using funds from the 
                                general fund of the Treasury; but
                                    ``(II) shall not execute a grant 
                                agreement for that project unless--
                                            ``(aa) funds other than 
                                        from the Highway Trust Fund 
                                        have been made available for 
                                        the project; and
                                            ``(bb) the Secretary 
                                        determines that the project can 
                                        be completed using funds other 
                                        than from the Highway Trust 
                                        Fund that are anticipated to be 
                                        available in future fiscal 
                                        years.
                    ``(C) Considerations.--In selecting projects to 
                recommend for funding in the annual report under this 
                paragraph, the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) consider the amount of funds 
                        available in future fiscal years for multiyear 
                        grant agreements as described in subparagraph 
                        (B); and
                            ``(ii) assume the availability of funds in 
                        future fiscal years for multiyear grant 
                        agreements that extend beyond the period of 
                        authorization based on the amount made 
                        available for large projects under the program 
                        in the last fiscal year of the period of 
                        authorization.
                    ``(D) Project diversity.--In selecting projects to 
                recommend for funding in the annual report under this 
                paragraph, the Secretary shall ensure diversity among 
                projects recommended based on--
                            ``(i) the amount of the grant requested; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) grants for an eligible project for 1 
                        bridge compared to an eligible project that is 
                        a bundle of projects.
    ``(h) Eligible Project Costs.--A grant received for an eligible 
project under the program may be used for--
            ``(1) development phase activities, including planning, 
        feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, environmental 
        review, preliminary engineering and design work, and other 
        preconstruction activities;
            ``(2) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, 
        acquisition of real property (including land related to the 
        project and improvements to the land), environmental 
        mitigation, construction contingencies, acquisition of 
        equipment, and operational improvements directly related to 
        improving system performance; and
            ``(3) expenses related to the protection (as described in 
        section 133(b)(10)) of a bridge, including seismic or scour 
        protection.
    ``(i) TIFIA Program.--On the request of an eligible entity carrying 
out an eligible project, the Secretary may use amounts awarded to the 
entity to pay subsidy and administrative costs necessary to provide to 
the entity Federal credit assistance under chapter 6 with respect to 
the eligible project for which the grant was awarded.
    ``(j) Multiyear Grant Agreements for Large Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--A large project that receives a grant 
        under the program in an amount of not less than $100,000,000 
        may be carried out through a multiyear grant agreement in 
        accordance with this subsection.
            ``(2) Requirements.--A multiyear grant agreement for a 
        large project described in paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) establish the terms of participation by the 
                Federal Government in the project;
                    ``(B) establish the maximum amount of Federal 
                financial assistance for the project in accordance with 
                paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (c);
                    ``(C) establish a payout schedule for the project 
                that provides for disbursement of the full grant amount 
                by not later than 4 fiscal years after the fiscal year 
                in which the initial amount is provided;
                    ``(D) determine the period of time for completing 
                the project, even if that period extends beyond the 
                period of an authorization; and
                    ``(E) attempt to improve timely and efficient 
                management of the project, consistent with all 
                applicable Federal laws (including regulations).
            ``(3) Special financial rules.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A multiyear grant agreement 
                under this subsection--
                            ``(i) shall obligate an amount of available 
                        budget authority specified in law; and
                            ``(ii) may include a commitment, contingent 
                        on amounts to be specified in law in advance 
                        for commitments under this paragraph, to 
                        obligate an additional amount from future 
                        available budget authority specified in law.
                    ``(B) Statement of contingent commitment.--The 
                agreement shall state that the contingent commitment is 
                not an obligation of the Federal Government.
                    ``(C) Interest and other financing costs.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Interest and other 
                        financing costs of carrying out a part of the 
                        project within a reasonable time shall be 
                        considered a cost of carrying out the project 
                        under a multiyear grant agreement, except that 
                        eligible costs may not be more than the cost of 
                        the most favorable financing terms reasonably 
                        available for the project at the time of 
                        borrowing.
                            ``(ii) Certification.--The applicant shall 
                        certify to the Secretary that the applicant has 
                        shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most 
                        favorable financing terms.
            ``(4) Advance payment.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of law, an eligible entity carrying out a large project under a 
        multiyear grant agreement--
                    ``(A) may use funds made available to the eligible 
                entity under this title for eligible project costs of 
                the large project until the amount specified in the 
                multiyear grant agreement for the project for that 
                fiscal year becomes available for obligation; and
                    ``(B) if the eligible entity uses funds as 
                described in subparagraph (A), the funds used shall be 
                reimbursed from the amount made available under the 
                multiyear grant agreement for the project.
    ``(k) Undertaking Parts of Projects in Advance Under Letters of No 
Prejudice.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may pay to an applicant 
        all eligible project costs under the program, including costs 
        for an activity for an eligible project incurred prior to the 
        date on which the project receives funding under the program 
        if--
                    ``(A) before the applicant carries out the 
                activity, the Secretary approves through a letter to 
                the applicant the activity in the same manner as the 
                Secretary approves other activities as eligible under 
                the program;
                    ``(B) a record of decision, a finding of no 
                significant impact, or a categorical exclusion under 
                the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
                U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) has been issued for the eligible 
                project; and
                    ``(C) the activity is carried out without Federal 
                assistance and in accordance with all applicable 
                procedures and requirements.
            ``(2) Interest and other financing costs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
                the cost of carrying out an activity for an eligible 
                project includes the amount of interest and other 
                financing costs, including any interest earned and 
                payable on bonds, to the extent interest and other 
                financing costs are expended in carrying out the 
                activity for the eligible project, except that interest 
                and other financing costs may not be more than the cost 
                of the most favorable financing terms reasonably 
                available for the eligible project at the time of 
                borrowing.
                    ``(B) Certification.--The applicant shall certify 
                to the Secretary that the applicant has shown 
                reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable 
                financing terms under subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) No obligation or influence on recommendations.--An 
        approval by the Secretary under paragraph (1)(A) shall not--
                    ``(A) constitute an obligation of the Federal 
                Government; or
                    ``(B) alter or influence any evaluation under 
                subsection (f)(3)(A)(i) or (g)(4) or any recommendation 
                by the Secretary for funding under the program.
    ``(l) Federally Owned Bridges.--
            ``(1) Divestiture consideration.--In the case of a bridge 
        owned by a Federal land management agency for which that agency 
        applies for a grant under the program, the agency--
                    ``(A) shall consider options to divest the bridge 
                to a State or local entity after completion of the 
                project; and
                    ``(B) may apply jointly with the State or local 
                entity to which the bridge may be divested.
            ``(2) Treatment.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, section 129 shall apply to a bridge that was previously 
        owned by a Federal land management agency and has been 
        transferred to a non-Federal entity under paragraph (1) in the 
        same manner as if the bridge was never federally owned.
    ``(m) Congressional Notification.--Not later than 30 days before 
making a grant for an eligible project under the program, the Secretary 
shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and 
Public Works of the Senate a written notification of the proposed grant 
that includes--
            ``(1) an evaluation and justification for the eligible 
        project; and
            ``(2) the amount of the proposed grant.
    ``(n) Reports.--
            ``(1) Annual report.--Not later than August 1 of each 
        fiscal year, the Secretary shall make available on the website 
        of the Department of Transportation an annual report that lists 
        each eligible project for which a grant has been provided under 
        the program during the fiscal year.
            ``(2) GAO assessment and report.--Not later than 3 years 
        after the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
        Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall--
                    ``(A) conduct an assessment of the administrative 
                establishment, solicitation, selection, and 
                justification process with respect to the funding of 
                grants under the program; and
                    ``(B) submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate 
                a report that describes--
                            ``(i) the adequacy and fairness of the 
                        process under which each eligible project that 
                        received a grant under the program was 
                        selected; and
                            ``(ii) the justification and criteria used 
                        for the selection of each eligible project.
    ``(o) Limitation.--
            ``(1) Large projects.--Of the amounts made available out of 
        the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to 
        carry out this section for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
        2025, not less than 50 percent, in aggregate, shall be used for 
        large projects.
            ``(2) Unutilized amounts.--If, in fiscal year 2025, the 
        Secretary determines that grants under the program will not 
        allow for the requirement under paragraph (1) to be met, the 
        Secretary shall use the unutilized amounts to make other grants 
        under the program during that fiscal year.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 123 the following:

``124. Bridge investment program.''.

SEC. 1120. SAFE ROUTES TO SCHOOL PROGRAM.

    Section 1404 of SAFETEA-LU (23 U.S.C. 402 note; Public Law 109-59) 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``primary and middle'' 
        and inserting ``primary, middle, and high''; and
            (2) in subsection (k)(2)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Primary and 
                middle'' and inserting ``Primary, middle, and high'';
                    (B) by striking ``primary and middle'' and 
                inserting ``primary, middle, and high''; and
                    (C) by striking ``eighth grade'' and inserting 
                ``12th grade''.

SEC. 1121. HIGHWAY USE TAX EVASION PROJECTS.

    Section 143(b)(2)(A) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025''.

SEC. 1122. CONSTRUCTION OF FERRY BOATS AND FERRY TERMINAL FACILITIES.

    Section 147 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking 
subsection (h) and inserting the following:
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit 
Account) to carry out this section--
            ``(1) $86,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(2) $87,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(3) $88,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(4) $89,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
            ``(5) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.''.

SEC. 1123. BALANCE EXCHANGES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 171. Balance exchanges for infrastructure program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administratively allocated.--The term 
        `administratively allocated' means the allocation by the 
        Secretary of budget authority for a project under the TIFIA 
        program that occurs when--
                    ``(A) a potential applicant has been invited into 
                the creditworthiness phase for a project under the 
                TIFIA program; or
                    ``(B) the project is subject to a master credit 
                agreement (as defined in section 601(a)), in accordance 
                with section 602(b)(2).
            ``(2) Appalachian state.--The term `Appalachian State' 
        means a State that contains 1 or more counties in the 
        Appalachian region (as defined in section 14102(a) of title 
        40).
            ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the Balance 
        Exchanges for Infrastructure Program established under 
        subsection (b).
            ``(4) TIFIA carryover balance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `TIFIA carryover 
                balance' means the amounts made available for the TIFIA 
                program for previous fiscal years that are unobligated 
                and have not been administratively allocated.
                    ``(B) Inclusion.--The term `TIFIA carryover 
                balance' includes--
                            ``(i) the applicable amount of contract 
                        authority for the amounts described in 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) the equivalent amount of obligation 
                        limitation for the fiscal year in which the 
                        Secretary makes a transfer under subsection 
                        (f)(2).
            ``(5) TIFIA program.--The term `TIFIA program' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 601(a).
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a program, to 
be known as the `Balance Exchanges for Infrastructure Program', in 
accordance with this section to provide flexibility for the Secretary 
and States to improve highway infrastructure.
    ``(c) Offer To Fund Projects or Exchange Funds.--
            ``(1) Solicitation.--For each fiscal year for which an 
        amount is reserved under subsection (f)(1), the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) not later than December 1 of that fiscal 
                year--
                            ``(i) solicit requests from Appalachian 
                        States to return amounts under subsection 
                        (d)(1)(A); and
                            ``(ii) solicit applications from 
                        Appalachian States for grants under subsection 
                        (e); and
                    ``(B) require that, not later than 60 days after 
                the date of the solicitations under subparagraph (A), 
                each Appalachian State that elects to participate in 
                the program shall submit to the Secretary either--
                            ``(i) a request that describes the amount 
                        that the Appalachian State requests to return 
                        under subsection (d)(1)(A); or
                            ``(ii) an application for a grant under 
                        subsection (e).
    ``(d) Exchange Agreements.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an 
        agreement with each Appalachian State that submits a request 
        under subsection (c)(1)(A)(i) under which--
                    ``(A) the Appalachian State shall return to the 
                Secretary all, or at the discretion of the Appalachian 
                State, a portion of, the unobligated amounts from the 
                Highway Trust Fund (including the applicable amount of 
                contract authority and an equal amount of special no-
                year obligation limitation associated with that 
                contract authority) apportioned to the Appalachian 
                State for the Appalachian development highway system 
                under section 14501 of title 40 (but not including any 
                amounts made available by an appropriations Act without 
                an initial authorization); and
                    ``(B) the Secretary shall transfer to the 
                Appalachian State, from amounts transferred to the 
                program under subsection (f)(2) for that fiscal year, 
                an amount (including the applicable amount of contract 
                authority and an equal amount of annual obligation 
                limitation) equal to the amount that the Appalachian 
                State returned under subparagraph (A) that shall be 
                used to carry out projects described in paragraph (3).
            ``(2) State limitation.--The amount of contract authority 
        returned by an Appalachian State under paragraph (1)(A) may not 
        exceed the amount of the special no-year obligation limitation 
        available to the Appalachian State prior to the return of the 
        special no-year obligation limitation under that paragraph.
            ``(3) Eligible projects.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A project eligible to be carried 
                out using funds transferred to an Appalachian State 
                under paragraph (1)(B) is a project described in 
                section 133(b).
                    ``(B) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost 
                of a project carried out using funds transferred to an 
                Appalachian State under paragraph (1)(B) shall be up to 
                100 percent, at the discretion of the Appalachian 
                State.
                    ``(C) Application of section 133.--Except as 
                otherwise provided in this paragraph, section 133 shall 
                not apply to a project carried out using funds 
                transferred to an Appalachian State under paragraph 
                (1)(B).
            ``(4) Total limitation.--For each fiscal year, the total 
        amount exchanged under paragraph (1) shall not exceed the 
        amount available to be transferred to the program under 
        subsection (f).
            ``(5) Amounts exchanged.--For each fiscal year, if the 
        total amount requested by all Appalachian States to return 
        under paragraph (1)(A) is greater than the amount available to 
        be transferred to the program under subsection (f), the 
        Secretary shall exchange amounts under paragraph (1) based on 
        the proportion that--
                    ``(A) the amount requested to be returned for the 
                fiscal year by the Appalachian State; bears to
                    ``(B) the amount requested to be returned for the 
                fiscal year by all Appalachian States.
    ``(e) Appalachian Development Highway System Corridor Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--Using amounts returned to the Secretary 
        under subsection (d)(1)(A), the Secretary shall provide grants 
        of contract authority, to remain available until expended, and 
        subject to special no-year obligation limitation, on a 
        competitive basis to Appalachian States for eligible projects 
        described in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Eligible project.--A project eligible to be carried 
        out with a grant under this subsection is a project that is--
                    ``(A) eligible under section 14501 of title 40 as 
                of the date of enactment of this section; and
                    ``(B) reasonably expected to begin construction by 
                not later than 2 years after the date of obligation of 
                funds provided under this subsection for the project.
            ``(3) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this subsection, an Appalachian State shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(4) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out using a grant provided under this 
        subsection shall be up to 100 percent, at the discretion of the 
        Appalachian State.
            ``(5) Limitation.--An Appalachian State that enters into an 
        agreement to exchange funds under subsection (d) for any fiscal 
        year shall not be eligible to receive a grant under this 
        subsection.
    ``(f) Transfer From TIFIA Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--On October 1 of each fiscal year, the 
        Secretary shall reserve, for the purpose of funding transfers 
        under paragraph (2) until the transfers are completed, the 
        amount of TIFIA carryover balance that exceeds the amount 
        authorized to carry out the TIFIA program for that fiscal year.
            ``(2) Transfers.--For each fiscal year, not later than 60 
        days after the date on which the Secretary receives the 
        responses to the solicitations under subsection (c)(1) or the 
        date on which the full appropriation for that fiscal year is 
        available, whichever is later, the Secretary shall transfer 
        from the TIFIA program to the program an amount of contract 
        authority and an equal amount of obligation limitation, to 
        remain available until expended, that is equal to the lesser 
        of--
                    ``(A) the total amount requested by all Appalachian 
                States for the fiscal year under subsection 
                (c)(1)(B)(i);
                    ``(B) the total amount requested by all Appalachian 
                States for grants under subsection (c)(1)(B)(ii); and
                    ``(C) the amount reserved under paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 170 the following:

``171. Balance exchanges for infrastructure program.''.

SEC. 1124. SAFETY INCENTIVE PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Formula safety incentive program.--Chapter 1 of title 
        23, United States Code (as amended by section 1123(a)), is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 172. Formula safety incentive program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Metropolitan planning organization; urbanized area.--
        The terms `metropolitan planning organization' and `urbanized 
        area' have the meaning given those terms in section 134(b).
            ``(2) Transportation management area.--The term 
        `transportation management area' means a transportation 
        management area identified or designated by the Secretary under 
        section 134(k)(1).
            ``(3) Vulnerable road user.--The term `vulnerable road 
        user' means a nonmotorist (as that term is used in the Fatality 
        Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic 
        Safety Administration).
            ``(4) Vulnerable road user safety focus area.--The term 
        `vulnerable road user safety focus area' means--
                    ``(A) an urbanized area with combined fatality rate 
                of vulnerable road users that is greater than 1.5 per 
                100,000 individuals; or
                    ``(B) a State in which fatalities of vulnerable 
                road users combined represents not less than 15 percent 
                of the total annual crash fatalities in the State.
    ``(b) Formula Funding Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary 
        shall distribute among the States the amounts made available to 
        carry out this section for that fiscal year in accordance with 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Distribution.--The amount for each State shall be 
        determined by multiplying the total amount of funding made 
        available to carry out this section for the applicable fiscal 
        year by the ratio that--
                    ``(A) the total base apportionment for the State 
                under section 104(c); bears to
                    ``(B) the total base apportionments for all States 
                under section 104(c).
    ``(c) Safety Supplemental.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State shall use 50 percent of the 
        amount distributed to the State under subsection (b) for each 
        fiscal year to carry out the eligible activities under 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Eligible activities.--
                    ``(A) States.--Subject to paragraph (4)(A), a State 
                shall use the funds under paragraph (1) for a highway 
                safety improvement project or strategy included on the 
                State strategic highway safety plan (as defined in 
                section 148(a)) of the State.
                    ``(B) MPOs.--Subject to paragraph (4)(B), a 
                metropolitan planning organization that is required to 
                obligate funds under subsection (e) shall use the funds 
                under paragraph (1) for a highway safety improvement 
                project (as defined in section 148(a)).
            ``(3) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out with funds under paragraph (1) shall be 
        determined in accordance with section 120.
            ``(4) Limitation on flexibility.--
                    ``(A) States.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), a 
                State that is a vulnerable road user safety focus area 
                shall use the funds under paragraph (1) for a highway 
                safety improvement project (as defined in section 
                148(a)) to improve the safety of vulnerable road users, 
                regardless of whether the project is included on the 
                State strategic highway safety plan (as defined in 
                section 148(a)) of the State.
                    ``(B) MPOs.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B), a 
                metropolitan planning organization that is required to 
                obligate funds under subsection (e) that contains an 
                area designated as a vulnerable road user safety focus 
                area shall use the funds under paragraph (1) for a 
                highway safety improvement project (as defined in 
                section 148(a)) to improve the safety of vulnerable 
                road users.
    ``(d) Safety Planning Incentive.--
            ``(1) Vulnerable road user safety assessments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State may, in consultation 
                with metropolitan planning organizations within the 
                State, develop and publish a State vulnerable road user 
                safety assessment described in subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) State vulnerable road user safety assessment 
                described.--A vulnerable road user safety assessment 
                referred to in subparagraph (A) is an assessment of the 
                safety performance of the State with respect to 
                vulnerable road users and the plan of the State, 
                developed in consultation with the metropolitan 
                planning organizations within the State, if any, to 
                improve the safety of vulnerable road users, which 
                shall--
                            ``(i) include the approximate location 
                        within the State of each vulnerable road user 
                        fatality during the most recently reported 2-
                        year period of final data from the Fatality 
                        Analysis Reporting System of the National 
                        Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the 
                        operating speed of the roadway at that 
                        location;
                            ``(ii) include the corridors within the 
                        State on which a vulnerable road user fatality 
                        has occurred during the most recently reported 
                        2-year period of final data from the Fatality 
                        Analysis Reporting System of the National 
                        Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the 
                        operating speeds of those corridors;
                            ``(iii) include a list of projects within 
                        the State that primarily address the safety of 
                        vulnerable road users that--
                                    ``(I) have been completed during 
                                the 2 most recent fiscal years prior to 
                                date of the publication of the 
                                vulnerable road user safety assessment, 
                                including the amount of funding that 
                                has been dedicated to those projects, 
                                described in total amounts and as a 
                                percentage of total capital 
                                expenditures;
                                    ``(II) are planned to be completed 
                                during the 2 fiscal years following the 
                                date of the publication of the 
                                vulnerable road user assessment, 
                                including the amount of funding that 
                                the State plans to be dedicated to 
                                those projects, described in total 
                                amounts and as a percentage of total 
                                capital expenditures; and
                                    ``(III) have the potential to be 
                                included on the list described in 
                                subclause (II) once the permitting and 
                                approval processes for those projects 
                                are complete, including the reason for 
                                the delay in the completion of those 
                                processes, if any; and
                            ``(iv) be reviewed and certified by the 
                        Secretary to have met the requirements of this 
                        subparagraph.
            ``(2) Acceleration of safety project delivery.--For each 
        project identified by a State under paragraph (1)(B)(iii)(III), 
        to the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary, in 
        consultation with the State, shall use the authority under 
        section 1420 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 101 note; Public Law 
        114-94) to accelerate delivery of the project.
            ``(3) Safety plan incentive.--A State shall use 50 percent 
        of the amounts made available to the State under subsection (b) 
        for each fiscal year to carry out eligible activities under 
        paragraph (4).
            ``(4) Eligible activities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State and any metropolitan 
                planning organization in the State that is required to 
                obligate funds under subsection (e) may use funds under 
                paragraph (3) for a project or strategy described in 
                subsection (b)(2).
                    ``(B) Additional eligibility incentive.--In 
                addition to the eligible activities under subparagraph 
                (A), a State and any metropolitan planning organization 
                in the State that is required to obligate funds under 
                subsection (e) may use the funds under paragraph (3) 
                for a project eligible under section 133(b) if--
                            ``(i) the State has, within the fiscal year 
                        prior to the fiscal year in which the Secretary 
                        is making the grant or by a deadline 
                        established by the Secretary in the fiscal year 
                        in which the Secretary is making the grant, 
                        conducted and published a vulnerable road user 
                        safety assessment described in paragraph (1)(B) 
                        that has been approved by the Secretary under 
                        clause (iv) of that paragraph; or
                            ``(ii) for a State that has previously 
                        published a vulnerable road user safety 
                        assessment described in paragraph (1)(B) that 
                        has been approved by the Secretary under clause 
                        (iv) of that paragraph--
                                    ``(I) the State has, within the 
                                fiscal year prior to the fiscal year in 
                                which the Secretary is making the grant 
                                or by a deadline established by the 
                                Secretary in the fiscal year in which 
                                the Secretary is making the grant, 
                                updated the estimates described in 
                                clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph 
                                (1)(B); and
                                    ``(II) the State and the 
                                metropolitan planning organization 
                                have, within the 4 fiscal years prior 
                                to the fiscal year in which the 
                                Secretary is making the grant or by a 
                                deadline established by the Secretary 
                                in the fiscal year in which the 
                                Secretary is making the grant, 
                                incorporated a vulnerable road user 
                                safety assessment described in 
                                paragraph (1)(B) into--
                                            ``(aa) a long-range 
                                        transportation plan developed 
                                        by the metropolitan planning 
                                        organization under section 
                                        134(c), if any; and
                                            ``(bb) the long-range 
                                        statewide transportation plan 
                                        developed by the State under 
                                        section 135(f)(1).
            ``(5) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out using funds under paragraph (3)--
                    ``(A) in the case of a State or metropolitan 
                planning organization within a State that meets the 
                requirements under paragraph (4)(B), may be up to 100 
                percent, at the discretion of the State; and
                    ``(B) in the case of a State or metropolitan 
                planning organization within a State that is not 
                described in subparagraph (A), shall be determined in 
                accordance with section 120.
    ``(e) Suballocation Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year, of the funds made 
        available to a State under subsections (c) and (d)--
                    ``(A) 65 percent of each amount shall be obligated, 
                in proportion to their relative shares of the 
                population of the State--
                            ``(i) in urbanized areas of the State with 
                        an urbanized area population of over 200,000; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) in other areas of the State; and
                    ``(B) the remainder may be obligated in any area of 
                the State.
            ``(2) Metropolitan areas.--Funds attributed to an urbanized 
        area under paragraph (1)(A)(i) may be obligated in the 
        metropolitan area established under section 134 that 
        encompasses the urbanized area.
            ``(3) Distribution among urbanized areas of over 200,000 
        population.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the amount that a State is required 
                to obligate under paragraph (1)(A)(i) shall be 
                obligated in urbanized areas described in paragraph 
                (1)(A)(i) based on the relative population of the 
                areas.
                    ``(B) Other factors.--The State may obligate the 
                funds described in subparagraph (A) based on other 
                factors if--
                            ``(i) the State and the relevant 
                        metropolitan planning organizations jointly 
                        apply to the Secretary for the permission to 
                        base the obligation on other factors; and
                            ``(ii) the Secretary grants the request.
            ``(4) Consultation in urbanized areas.--Before obligating 
        funds for an activity under subsections (c) or (d) in an 
        urbanized area that is not a transportation management area, a 
        State shall consult with any metropolitan planning organization 
        that represents the urbanized area prior to determining which 
        activities should be carried out.
            ``(5) Consultation in rural areas.--Before obligating funds 
        for an eligible activity under subsections (c) and (d) in a 
        rural area, a State shall consult with any regional 
        transportation planning organization or metropolitan planning 
        organization that represents a rural area of the State prior to 
        determining which activities should be carried out.
``Sec. 173. Fatality reduction performance program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Metropolitan planning organization; urbanized area.--
        The terms `metropolitan planning organization' and `urbanized 
        area' have the meaning given those terms in section 134(b).
            ``(2) Qualifying state.--The term `qualifying State' means 
        a State in which--
                    ``(A) the average fatality and serious injury rates 
                per 100,000,000 vehicle-miles-traveled within the State 
                during the 3-year period beginning on January 1 of the 
                fiscal year that was 3 years prior to the fiscal year 
                in which the Secretary is making the grant under this 
                section has grown more slowly or declined, as compared 
                to the average fatality and serious injury rates per 
                100,000,000 vehicle-miles-traveled within the State 
                during the 3-year period beginning on January 1 of the 
                fiscal year that was 6 years prior to the fiscal year 
                in which the Secretary is making the grant under this 
                section;
                    ``(B) the average annual number of serious injuries 
                and fatalities within the State, as measured on a per 
                capita basis, during the 3-year period beginning on 
                January 1 of the fiscal year that was 3 years prior to 
                the fiscal year in which the Secretary is making the 
                grant under this section has grown more slowly or 
                declined, as compared to the average annual number of 
                serious injuries and fatalities within the State, as 
                measured on a per capita basis, during the 3-year 
                period beginning on January 1 of the fiscal year that 
                was 6 years prior to the fiscal year in which the 
                Secretary is making the grant under this section;
                    ``(C) the average annual number of fatalities 
                within the State, as measured on a per capita basis, 
                during the 3-year period beginning on January 1 of the 
                fiscal year that was 3 years prior to the fiscal year 
                in which the Secretary is making the grant under this 
                section is less than \1/2\ of the nationwide average 
                annual per capita number of fatalities during that 
                period; or
                    ``(D)(i) the performance targets set by the State 
                under subsection (d)(1) of section 150, in accordance 
                with subsection (c)(4) of that section, in the most 
                recently completed performance cycle prior to the year 
                in which the Secretary is making the funds available 
                under this section demonstrate a reduction in the 
                number and rate of serious injuries and fatalities; and
                    ``(ii) the State has met or exceeded the 
                performance targets described in clause (i).
            ``(3) Qualifying unit of local government.--The term 
        `qualifying unit of local government' means a unit of local 
        government in an urbanized area served by a metropolitan 
        planning organization in which--
                    ``(A) the average fatality and serious injury rates 
                per 100,000,000 vehicle-miles-traveled within the 
                urbanized area during the 3-year period beginning on 
                January 1 of the fiscal year that was 3 years prior to 
                the fiscal year in which the Secretary is making the 
                grant under this section has grown more slowly or 
                declined, as compared to the average fatality and 
                serious injury rates per 100,000,000 vehicle-miles-
                traveled within the urbanized area during the 3-year 
                period beginning on January 1 of the fiscal year that 
                was 6 years prior to the fiscal year in which the 
                Secretary is making the grant under this section;
                    ``(B) the average annual number of serious injuries 
                and fatalities within the urbanized area, as measured 
                on a per capita basis, during the 3-year period 
                beginning on January 1 of the fiscal year that was 3 
                years prior to the fiscal year in which the Secretary 
                is making the grant under this section has grown more 
                slowly or declined, as compared to the average annual 
                per capita number of serious injuries and fatalities 
                within the urbanized area during the 3-year period 
                beginning on January 1 of the fiscal year that was 6 
                years prior to the fiscal year in which the Secretary 
                is making the grant under this section;
                    ``(C) the average annual number of fatalities 
                within the urbanized area, as measured on a per capita 
                basis, during the 3-year period beginning on January 1 
                of the fiscal year that was 3 years prior to the fiscal 
                year in which the Secretary is making the grant under 
                this section is less than \1/2\ of the nationwide 
                average annual per capita number of fatalities during 
                that period; or
                    ``(D)(i) the performance targets set for the 
                urbanized area under section 150(c)(4), in accordance 
                with section 134(h)(2)(B)(i), in the most recently 
                completed performance cycle prior to the year in which 
                the Secretary is making the grant under this section 
                demonstrate a reduction in the number and rate of 
                serious injuries and fatalities; and
                    ``(ii) the urbanized area has met or exceeded the 
                performance targets described in clause (i).
            ``(4) Serious injuries and fatalities.--The term `serious 
        injuries and fatalities' means serious injuries and fatalities, 
        as measured in accordance with the measures established under 
        section 150(c)(4).
    ``(b) Fatality Reduction Performance and Planning Recognition 
Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        competitive grant program to award grants to eligible entities 
        in recognition of the achievement of the eligible entity in 
        meeting the performance categories described in paragraph 
        (3)(A).
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--The Secretary shall distribute 
        amounts under paragraph (1) to any of the following:
                    ``(A) A qualifying State.
                    ``(B) A qualifying unit of local government.
            ``(3) Performance categories.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall select 
                eligible entities to receive a grant under paragraph 
                (1) to recognize the achievement of the eligible entity 
                in meeting any of the following performance categories:
                            ``(i) Significant progress in reducing 
                        serious injuries and fatalities, as measured on 
                        a per capita basis.
                            ``(ii) Significant progress in reducing the 
                        rates of serious injuries and fatalities per 
                        vehicle-mile traveled.
                            ``(iii) Having a per capita number of 
                        serious injuries and fatalities that is among 
                        the lowest of jurisdictions with comparable 
                        population and surface transportation system 
                        characteristics.
                            ``(iv) Having a per vehicle-mile traveled 
                        number of serious injuries and fatalities that 
                        is among the lowest of jurisdictions with 
                        comparable population and surface 
                        transportation system characteristics.
                            ``(v) Innovative safety planning efforts 
                        and implementation of plans leading to 
                        achievement with respect to the reduction of 
                        serious injuries and fatalities.
                    ``(B) Merit based distribution.--In selecting among 
                eligible entities to receive grants under paragraph (1) 
                and the amounts of each of those grants, the Secretary 
                shall give priority to eligible entities that have 
                achieved the most significant levels of reduction in 
                serious injuries and fatalities, as measured either on 
                a per capita basis or per-vehicle mile traveled basis.
                    ``(C) Multiple awards.--The Secretary may--
                            ``(i) award a grant under paragraph (1) to 
                        multiple eligible entities for each performance 
                        category described in subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) recognize achievements in each 
                        performance category described in subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    ``(I) in urban and rural areas; and
                                    ``(II) on the State and local 
                                level.
                    ``(D) Repeat awards.--The Secretary may not award a 
                grant under this subsection to the same eligible entity 
                more than once during a 2-year period.
            ``(4) Award amount.--A grant under paragraph (1) shall be 
        in an amount--
                    ``(A) not less than $5,000,000; and
                    ``(B) not more than $30,000,000.
            ``(5) Eligible uses.--An eligible entity may use a grant 
        under paragraph (1) for--
                    ``(A) an activity eligible under this title; or
                    ``(B) a project--
                            ``(i) to maintain the condition of a 
                        Federal-aid highway, including routine 
                        maintenance; or
                            ``(ii) that--
                                    ``(I) responds to a specific 
                                condition or event; and
                                    ``(II) restores a Federal-aid 
                                highway to a functional state of 
                                operations.
            ``(6) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(7) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out using a grant under paragraph (1) shall be, 
        as determined at the discretion of the grant recipient, up to 
        100 percent.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of 
        title 23, United States Code (as amended by section 1123(b)), 
        is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 171 
        the following:

``172. Formula safety incentive program.
``173. Fatality reduction performance program.''.
    (b) Vulnerable Road User Research Plan.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' 
                means the Secretary of Transportation, acting through 
                the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
                Administration.
                    (B) Vulnerable road user.--The term ``vulnerable 
                road user'' has the meaning given the term in section 
                172(a) of title 23, United States Code.
            (2) Establishment of research plan.--The Administrator 
        shall establish a research plan to prioritize research on 
        roadway designs, the development of safety countermeasures to 
        minimize fatalities and serious injuries to vulnerable road 
        users, and the promotion of bicycling and walking, including 
        research relating to--
                    (A) roadway safety improvements, including traffic 
                calming techniques and vulnerable road user 
                accommodations appropriate in a suburban arterial 
                context;
                    (B) the impacts of traffic speeds, and access to 
                low-traffic stress corridors, on safety and rates of 
                bicycling and walking;
                    (C) tools to evaluate the impact of transportation 
                improvements on projected rates and safety of bicycling 
                and walking; and
                    (D) other research areas to be determined by the 
                Administrator.
            (3) Vulnerable road user assessments.--The Administrator 
        shall--
                    (A) review each vulnerable road user safety 
                assessment submitted by a State under section 172(c) of 
                title 23, United States Code, and other relevant 
                sources of data to determine what, if any, standard 
                definitions and methods should be developed through 
                guidance to enable a State to collect pedestrian injury 
                and fatality data; and
                    (B) in the first progress update under paragraph 
                (4)(B), provide--
                            (i) the results of the determination 
                        described in subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) the recommendations of the Secretary 
                        with respect to the collection and reporting of 
                        data on the safety of vulnerable road users.
            (4) Submission; publication.--
                    (A) Submission of plan.--Not later than 180 days 
                after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
                Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
                Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
                House of Representatives the research plan described in 
                paragraph (2).
                    (B) Progress updates.--Not later than 2 years after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, and biannually 
                thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the 
                Committees described in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) updates on the progress and findings of 
                        the research conducted pursuant to the plan 
                        described in paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) in the first submission under this 
                        subparagraph, the results and recommendations 
                        described in paragraph (3)(B).

SEC. 1125. WILDLIFE CROSSING SAFETY.

    (a) Declaration of Policy.--Section 101(b)(3)(D) of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended, in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
inserting ``resilient,'' after ``efficient,''.
    (b) Wildlife Crossings Pilot Program.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code 
        (as amended by section 1124(a)(1)), is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
``Sec. 174. Wildlife crossings pilot program
    ``(a) Finding.--Congress finds that greater adoption of wildlife-
vehicle collision safety countermeasures is in the public interest 
because--
            ``(1) according to the report of the Federal Highway 
        Administration entitled `Wildlife-Vehicle Collision Reduction 
        Study', there are more than 1,000,000 wildlife-vehicle 
        collisions every year;
            ``(2) wildlife-vehicle collisions--
                    ``(A) present a danger to--
                            ``(i) human safety; and
                            ``(ii) wildlife survival; and
                    ``(B) represent a persistent concern that results 
                in tens of thousands of serious injuries and hundreds 
                of fatalities on the roadways of the United States;
            ``(3) the total annual cost associated with wildlife-
        vehicle collisions has been estimated to be $8,388,000,000; and
            ``(4) wildlife-vehicle collisions are a major threat to the 
        survival of species, including birds, reptiles, mammals, and 
        amphibians.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a competitive 
wildlife crossings pilot program (referred to in this section as the 
`pilot program') to provide grants for projects that seek to achieve--
            ``(1) a reduction in the number of wildlife-vehicle 
        collisions; and
            ``(2) in carrying out the purpose described in paragraph 
        (1), improved habitat connectivity for terrestrial and aquatic 
        species.
    ``(c) Eligible Entities.--An entity eligible to apply for a grant 
under the pilot program is--
            ``(1) a State highway agency, or an equivalent of that 
        agency;
            ``(2) a metropolitan planning organization (as defined in 
        section 134(b));
            ``(3) a unit of local government;
            ``(4) a regional transportation authority;
            ``(5) a special purpose district or public authority with a 
        transportation function, including a port authority;
            ``(6) an Indian tribe (as defined in section 207(m)(1)), 
        including a Native village and a Native Corporation (as those 
        terms are defined in section 3 of the Alaska Native Claims 
        Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602));
            ``(7) a Federal land management agency; or
            ``(8) a group of any of the entities described in 
        paragraphs (1) through (7).
    ``(d) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        the pilot program, an eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Requirement.--If an application under paragraph (1) 
        is submitted by an eligible entity other than an eligible 
        entity described in paragraph (1) or (7) of subsection (c), the 
        application shall include documentation that the State highway 
        agency, or an equivalent of that agency, of the State in which 
        the eligible entity is located was consulted during the 
        development of the application.
            ``(3) Guidance.--To enhance consideration of current and 
        reliable data, eligible entities may obtain guidance from an 
        agency in the State with jurisdiction over fish and wildlife.
    ``(e) Considerations.--In selecting grant recipients under the 
pilot program, the Secretary shall take into consideration the 
following:
            ``(1) Primarily, the extent to which the proposed project 
        of an eligible entity is likely to protect motorists and 
        wildlife by reducing the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions 
        and improve habitat connectivity for terrestrial and aquatic 
        species.
            ``(2) Secondarily, the extent to which the proposed project 
        of an eligible entity is likely to accomplish the following:
                    ``(A) Leveraging Federal investment by encouraging 
                non-Federal contributions to the project, including 
                projects from public-private partnerships.
                    ``(B) Supporting local economic development and 
                improvement of visitation opportunities.
                    ``(C) Incorporation of innovative technologies, 
                including advanced design techniques and other 
                strategies to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in 
                reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions and improving 
                habitat connectivity for terrestrial and aquatic 
                species.
                    ``(D) Provision of educational and outreach 
                opportunities.
                    ``(E) Monitoring and research to evaluate, compare 
                effectiveness of, and identify best practices in, 
                selected projects.
                    ``(F) Any other criteria relevant to reducing the 
                number of wildlife-vehicle collisions and improving 
                habitat connectivity for terrestrial and aquatic 
                species, as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, 
                subject to the condition that the implementation of the 
                pilot program shall not be delayed in the absence of 
                action by the Secretary to identify additional criteria 
                under this subparagraph.
    ``(f) Use of Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall ensure that a grant 
        received under the pilot program is used for a project to 
        reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions.
            ``(2) Grant administration.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A grant received under the pilot 
                program shall be administered by--
                            ``(i) in the case of a grant to a Federal 
                        land management agency or an Indian tribe (as 
                        defined in section 207(m)(1)), including a 
                        Native village and a Native Corporation (as 
                        those terms are defined in section 3 of the 
                        Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
                        1602)), the Federal Highway Administration, 
                        through an agreement; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of a grant to an 
                        eligible entity other than an eligible entity 
                        described in clause (i), the State highway 
                        agency, or an equivalent of that agency, for 
                        the State in which the project is to be carried 
                        out.
                    ``(B) Partnerships.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A grant received under 
                        the pilot program may be used to provide funds 
                        to eligible partners of the project for which 
                        the grant was received described in clause 
                        (ii), in accordance with the terms of the 
                        project agreement.
                            ``(ii) Eligible partners described.--The 
                        eligible partners referred to in clause (i) 
                        include--
                                    ``(I) a metropolitan planning 
                                organization (as defined in section 
                                134(b));
                                    ``(II) a unit of local government;
                                    ``(III) a regional transportation 
                                authority;
                                    ``(IV) a special purpose district 
                                or public authority with a 
                                transportation function, including a 
                                port authority;
                                    ``(V) an Indian tribe (as defined 
                                in section 207(m)(1)), including a 
                                Native village and a Native Corporation 
                                (as those terms are defined in section 
                                3 of the Alaska Native Claims 
                                Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602));
                                    ``(VI) a Federal land management 
                                agency;
                                    ``(VII) a foundation, 
                                nongovernmental organization, or 
                                institution of higher education;
                                    ``(VIII) a Federal, Tribal, 
                                regional, or State government entity; 
                                and
                                    ``(IX) a group of any of the 
                                entities described in subclauses (I) 
                                through (VIII).
            ``(3) Compliance.--An eligible entity that receives a grant 
        under the pilot program and enters into a partnership described 
        in paragraph (2) shall establish measures to verify that an 
        eligible partner that receives funds from the grant complies 
        with the conditions of the pilot program in using those funds.
    ``(g) Requirement.--The Secretary shall ensure that not less than 
60 percent of the amounts made available for grants under the pilot 
program each fiscal year are for projects located in rural areas.
    ``(h) Annual Report to Congress.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than December 31 of each 
        calendar year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make 
        publicly available, a report describing the activities under 
        the pilot program for the fiscal year that ends during that 
        calendar year.
            ``(2) Contents.--The report under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) a detailed description of the activities 
                carried out under the pilot program;
                    ``(B) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the 
                pilot program in meeting the purposes described in 
                subsection (b); and
                    ``(C) policy recommendations to improve the 
                effectiveness of the pilot program.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of 
        title 23, United States Code (as amended by section 
        1124(a)(2)), is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
        section 173 the following:

``174. Wildlife crossings pilot program.''.
    (c) Wildlife Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity 
Improvement.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code 
        (as amended by subsection (b)(1)), is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
``Sec. 175. Wildlife-vehicle collision reduction and habitat 
              connectivity improvement
    ``(a) Study.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a study 
        (referred to in this subsection as the `study') of the state, 
        as of the date of the study, of the practice of methods to 
        reduce collisions between motorists and wildlife (referred to 
        in this section as `wildlife-vehicle collisions').
            ``(2) Contents.--
                    ``(A) Areas of study.--The study shall--
                            ``(i) update and expand on, as 
                        appropriate--
                                    ``(I) the report entitled `Wildlife 
                                Vehicle Collision Reduction Study: 2008 
                                Report to Congress'; and
                                    ``(II) the document entitled 
                                `Wildlife Vehicle Collision Reduction 
                                Study: Best Practices Manual' and dated 
                                October 2008; and
                            ``(ii) include--
                                    ``(I) an assessment, as of the date 
                                of the study, of--
                                            ``(aa) the causes of 
                                        wildlife-vehicle collisions;
                                            ``(bb) the impact of 
                                        wildlife-vehicle collisions on 
                                        motorists and wildlife; and
                                            ``(cc) the impacts of roads 
                                        and traffic on habitat 
                                        connectivity for terrestrial 
                                        and aquatic species; and
                                    ``(II) solutions and best practices 
                                for--
                                            ``(aa) reducing wildlife-
                                        vehicle collisions; and
                                            ``(bb) improving habitat 
                                        connectivity for terrestrial 
                                        and aquatic species.
                    ``(B) Methods.--In carrying out the study, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) conduct a thorough review of research 
                        and data relating to--
                                    ``(I) wildlife-vehicle collisions; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) habitat fragmentation that 
                                results from transportation 
                                infrastructure;
                            ``(ii) survey current practices of the 
                        Department of Transportation and State 
                        departments of transportation to reduce 
                        wildlife-vehicle collisions; and
                            ``(iii) consult with--
                                    ``(I) appropriate experts in the 
                                field of wildlife-vehicle collisions; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) appropriate experts on the 
                                effects of roads and traffic on habitat 
                                connectivity for terrestrial and 
                                aquatic species.
            ``(3) Report.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit 
                to Congress a report on the results of the study.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The report under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include--
                            ``(i) a description of--
                                    ``(I) the causes of wildlife-
                                vehicle collisions;
                                    ``(II) the impacts of wildlife-
                                vehicle collisions; and
                                    ``(III) the impacts of roads and 
                                traffic on--
                                            ``(aa) species listed as 
                                        threatened species or 
                                        endangered species under the 
                                        Endangered Species Act of 1973 
                                        (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
                                            ``(bb) species identified 
                                        by States as species of 
                                        greatest conservation need;
                                            ``(cc) species identified 
                                        in State wildlife plans; and
                                            ``(dd) medium and small 
                                        terrestrial and aquatic 
                                        species;
                            ``(ii) an economic evaluation of the costs 
                        and benefits of installing highway 
                        infrastructure and other measures to mitigate 
                        damage to terrestrial and aquatic species, 
                        including the effect on jobs, property values, 
                        and economic growth to society, adjacent 
                        communities, and landowners;
                            ``(iii) recommendations for preventing 
                        wildlife-vehicle collisions, including 
                        recommended best practices, funding resources, 
                        or other recommendations for addressing 
                        wildlife-vehicle collisions; and
                            ``(iv) guidance, developed in consultation 
                        with Federal land management agencies and State 
                        departments of transportation, State fish and 
                        wildlife agencies, and Tribal governments that 
                        agree to participate, for developing, for each 
                        State that agrees to participate, a voluntary 
                        joint statewide transportation and wildlife 
                        action plan--
                                    ``(I) to address wildlife-vehicle 
                                collisions; and
                                    ``(II) to improve habitat 
                                connectivity for terrestrial and 
                                aquatic species.
    ``(b) Workforce Development and Technical Training.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of the America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 
        2019, the Secretary shall, based on the study conducted under 
        subsection (a), develop a series of in-person and online 
        workforce development and technical training courses--
                    ``(A) to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions; and
                    ``(B) to improve habitat connectivity for 
                terrestrial and aquatic species.
            ``(2) Availability.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) make the series of courses developed under 
                paragraph (1) available for transportation and fish and 
                wildlife professionals; and
                    ``(B) update the series of courses not less 
                frequently than once every 2 years.
    ``(c) Standardization of Wildlife Collision and Carcass Data.--
            ``(1) Standardized methodology.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary, acting through 
                the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration 
                (referred to in this subsection as the `Secretary'), 
                shall develop a quality standardized methodology for 
                collecting and reporting spatially accurate wildlife 
                collision and carcass data for the National Highway 
                System, considering the practicability of the 
                methodology with respect to technology and cost.
                    ``(B) Methodology.--In developing the standardized 
                methodology under subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                shall--
                            ``(i) survey existing methodologies and 
                        sources of data collection, including the 
                        Fatality Analysis Reporting System, the General 
                        Estimates System of the National Automotive 
                        Sampling System, and the Highway Safety 
                        Information System; and
                            ``(ii) to the extent practicable, identify 
                        and correct limitations of those existing 
                        methodologies and sources of data collection.
                    ``(C) Consultation.--In developing the standardized 
                methodology under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall 
                consult with--
                            ``(i) the Secretary of the Interior;
                            ``(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture, acting 
                        through the Chief of the Forest Service;
                            ``(iii) Tribal, State, and local 
                        transportation and wildlife authorities;
                            ``(iv) metropolitan planning organizations 
                        (as defined in section 134(b));
                            ``(v) members of the American Association 
                        of State Highway Transportation Officials;
                            ``(vi) members of the Association of Fish 
                        and Wildlife Agencies;
                            ``(vii) experts in the field of wildlife-
                        vehicle collisions;
                            ``(viii) nongovernmental organizations; and
                            ``(ix) other interested stakeholders, as 
                        appropriate.
            ``(2) Standardized national data system with voluntary 
        template implementation.--The Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) develop a template for State implementation 
                of a standardized national wildlife collision and 
                carcass data system for the National Highway System 
                that is based on the standardized methodology developed 
                under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) encourage the voluntary implementation of the 
                template developed under subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Reports.--
                    ``(A) Methodology.--The Secretary shall submit to 
                Congress a report describing the standardized 
                methodology developed under paragraph (1) not later 
                than the later of--
                            ``(i) the date that is 18 months after the 
                        date of enactment of the America's 
                        Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019; and
                            ``(ii) the date that is 180 days after the 
                        date on which the Secretary completes the 
                        development of the standardized methodology.
                    ``(B) Implementation.--Not later than 4 years after 
                the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit 
                to Congress a report describing--
                            ``(i) the status of the voluntary 
                        implementation of the standardized methodology 
                        developed under paragraph (1) and the template 
                        developed under paragraph (2)(A);
                            ``(ii) whether the implementation of the 
                        standardized methodology developed under 
                        paragraph (1) and the template developed under 
                        paragraph (2)(A) has impacted efforts by 
                        States, units of local government, and other 
                        entities--
                                    ``(I) to reduce the number of 
                                wildlife-vehicle collisions; and
                                    ``(II) to improve habitat 
                                connectivity;
                            ``(iii) the degree of the impact described 
                        in clause (ii); and
                            ``(iv) the recommendations of the 
                        Secretary, including recommendations for 
                        further study aimed at reducing motorist 
                        collisions involving wildlife and improving 
                        habitat connectivity for terrestrial and 
                        aquatic species on the National Highway System, 
                        if any.
    ``(d) National Threshold Guidance.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) establish guidance, to be carried out by States on a 
        voluntary basis, that contains a threshold for determining 
        whether a highway shall be evaluated for potential mitigation 
        measures to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions and increase 
        habitat connectivity for terrestrial and aquatic species, 
        taking into consideration--
                    ``(A) the number of wildlife-vehicle collisions on 
                the highway that pose a human safety risk;
                    ``(B) highway-related mortality and the effects of 
                traffic on the highway on--
                            ``(i) species listed as endangered species 
                        or threatened species under the Endangered 
                        Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
                            ``(ii) species identified by a State as 
                        species of greatest conservation need;
                            ``(iii) species identified in State 
                        wildlife plans; and
                            ``(iv) medium and small terrestrial and 
                        aquatic species; and
                    ``(C) habitat connectivity values for terrestrial 
                and aquatic species and the barrier effect of the 
                highway on the movements and migrations of those 
                species.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of 
        title 23, United States Code (as amended by subsection (b)(2)), 
        is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 174 
        the following:

``175. Wildlife-vehicle collision reduction and habitat connectivity 
                            improvement.''.
    (d) Wildlife Crossings Standards.--Section 109(c)(2) of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph (G); 
        and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:
                    ``(F) the publication of the Federal Highway 
                Administration entitled `Wildlife Crossing Structure 
                Handbook: Design and Evaluation in North America' and 
                dated March 2011; and''.
    (e) Wildlife Habitat Connectivity and National Bridge and Tunnel 
Inventory and Inspection Standards.--Section 144 of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``, 
                resilience,'' after ``safety'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) to ensure adequate passage of aquatic and 
                terrestrial species, where appropriate.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) determine if the replacement or rehabilitation of 
        bridges and tunnels should include measures to enable safe and 
        unimpeded movement for terrestrial and aquatic species.''; and
            (3) in subsection (i), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Requirement.--The first revision under paragraph (2) 
        after the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
        Infrastructure Act of 2019 shall include techniques to assess 
        passage of aquatic and terrestrial species and habitat 
        restoration potential.''.

SEC. 1126. CONSOLIDATION OF PROGRAMS.

    Section 1519(a) of MAP-21 (Public Law 112-141; 126 Stat. 574; 129 
Stat. 1423) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ``fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025''.

SEC. 1127. STATE FREIGHT ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

    Section 70201 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``representatives of 
        ports, freight railroads,'' and all that follows through the 
        period at the end and inserting the following: 
        ``representatives of--
            ``(1) ports;
            ``(2) freight railroads;
            ``(3) shippers;
            ``(4) carriers;
            ``(5) freight-related associations;
            ``(6) third-party logistics providers;
            ``(7) the freight industry workforce;
            ``(8) the transportation department of the State;
            ``(9) metropolitan planning organizations;
            ``(10) local governments;
            ``(11) the environmental protection department of the 
        State, if applicable;
            ``(12) the air resources board of the State, if applicable; 
        and
            ``(13) economic development agencies of the State.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(5), by striking ``70202.'' and 
        inserting ``70202, including by providing advice regarding the 
        development of the freight investment plan; and'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Qualifications.--Each member of a freight advisory committee 
established under subsection (a) shall have qualifications sufficient 
to serve on a freight advisory committee, including, as applicable--
            ``(1) general business and financial experience;
            ``(2) experience or qualifications in the areas of freight 
        transportation and logistics;
            ``(3) experience in transportation planning;
            ``(4) experience representing employees of the freight 
        industry; or
            ``(5) experience representing a State, local government, or 
        metropolitan planning organization.''.

SEC. 1128. TERRITORIAL AND PUERTO RICO HIGHWAY PROGRAM.

    Section 165 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) 
        and inserting the following:
            ``(1) for the Puerto Rico highway program under subsection 
        (b)--
                    ``(A) $161,500,000 shall be for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(B) $165,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(C) $168,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(D) $171,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2024; 
                and
                    ``(E) $175,500,000 shall be for fiscal year 2025; 
                and
            ``(2) for the territorial highway program under subsection 
        (c)--
                    ``(A) $43,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(B) $43,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(C) $44,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(D) $45,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2024; 
                and
                    ``(E) $46,000,000 shall be for fiscal year 2025.''; 
                and
            (2) in subsection (c)(7), by striking ``paragraphs (1) 
        through (4) of section 133(c) and section 133(b)(12)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (5) of section 133(c) 
        and section 133(b)(13)''.

            Subtitle B--Planning and Performance Management

SEC. 1201. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING.

    (a) Metropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section 134 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(D) Considerations.--In designating officials or 
                representatives under paragraph (2) for the first time, 
                subject to the bylaws or enabling statute of the 
                metropolitan planning organization, the metropolitan 
                planning organization shall consider the equitable and 
                proportional representation of the population of the 
                metropolitan planning area.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) by striking ``an existing metropolitan 
                        planning area'' and inserting ``an urbanized 
                        area (as defined by the Bureau of the 
                        Census)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the existing 
                        metropolitan planning area'' and inserting 
                        ``the area'';
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a metropolitan 
                area'' and inserting ``an urbanized area (as defined by 
                the Bureau of the Census)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Coordination between MPOs.--If more than 1 
        metropolitan planning organization is designated within an 
        urbanized area (as defined by the Bureau of the Census) under 
        subsection (d)(7)(A), the metropolitan planning organizations 
        designated within the area shall ensure, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, the consistency of any data used in the planning 
        process, including information used in forecasting travel 
        demand.
            ``(5) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection requires 
        metropolitan planning organizations designated within a single 
        urbanized area to jointly develop planning documents, including 
        a unified long-range transportation plan or unified TIP.''; and
            (3) in subsection (i)(6), by adding at the end the 
        following:
                    ``(D) Use of technology.--A State may use social 
                media and other web-based tools--
                            ``(i) to further encourage public 
                        participation; and
                            ``(ii) to solicit public feedback during 
                        the transportation planning process.''.
    (b) Statewide and Nonmetropolitan Transportation Planning.--Section 
135(f)(3) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
                    ``(C) Use of technology.--A State may use social 
                media and other web-based tools--
                            ``(i) to further encourage public 
                        participation; and
                            ``(ii) to solicit public feedback during 
                        the transportation planning process.''.

SEC. 1202. FISCAL CONSTRAINT ON LONG-RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLANS.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall amend section 450.324(f)(11)(v) of title 23, Code of 
Federal Regulations, to ensure that the outer years of a metropolitan 
transportation plan are defined as ``beyond the first 4 years''.

SEC. 1203. STATE HUMAN CAPITAL PLANS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1125(c)(1)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 176. State human capital plans
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall encourage each State to 
develop a voluntary plan, to be known as a `human capital plan', that 
provides for the immediate and long-term personnel and workforce needs 
of the State with respect to the capacity of the State to deliver 
transportation and public infrastructure eligible under this title.
    ``(b) Plan Contents.--
            ``(1) In general.--A human capital plan developed by a 
        State under subsection (a) shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, take into consideration--
                    ``(A) significant transportation workforce trends, 
                needs, issues, and challenges with respect to the 
                State;
                    ``(B) the human capital policies, strategies, and 
                performance measures that will guide the 
                transportation-related workforce investment decisions 
                of the State;
                    ``(C) coordination with educational institutions, 
                industry, organized labor, workforce boards, and other 
                agencies or organizations to address the human capital 
                transportation needs of the State;
                    ``(D) a workforce planning strategy that identifies 
                current and future human capital needs, including the 
                knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to recruit and 
                retain skilled workers in the transportation industry;
                    ``(E) a human capital management strategy that is 
                aligned with the transportation mission, goals, and 
                organizational objectives of the State;
                    ``(F) an implementation system for workforce goals 
                focused on addressing continuity of leadership and 
                knowledge sharing across the State;
                    ``(G) an implementation system that addresses 
                workforce competency gaps, particularly in mission-
                critical occupations;
                    ``(H) in the case of public-private partnerships or 
                other alternative project delivery methods to carry out 
                the transportation program of the State, a description 
                of workforce needs--
                            ``(i) to ensure that the transportation 
                        mission, goals, and organizational objectives 
                        of the State are fully carried out; and
                            ``(ii) to ensure that procurement methods 
                        provide the best public value;
                    ``(I) a system for analyzing and evaluating the 
                performance of the State department of transportation 
                with respect to all aspects of human capital management 
                policies, programs, and activities; and
                    ``(J) the manner in which the plan will improve the 
                ability of the State to meet the national policy in 
                support of performance management established under 
                section 150.
            ``(2) Planning period.--If a State develops a human capital 
        plan under subsection (a), the plan shall address a 5-year 
        forecast period.
    ``(c) Plan Updates.--If a State develops a human capital plan under 
subsection (a), the State shall update the plan not less frequently 
than once every 5 years.
    ``(d) Relationship to Long-Range Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), a human 
        capital plan developed by a State under subsection (a) may be 
        developed separately from, or incorporated into, the long-range 
        statewide transportation plan required under section 135.
            ``(2) Effect of section.--Nothing in this section requires 
        a State, or authorizes the Secretary to require a State, to 
        incorporate a human capital plan into the long-range statewide 
        transportation plan required under section 135.
    ``(e) Public Availability.--Each State that develops a human 
capital plan under subsection (a) shall make a copy of the plan 
available to the public in a user-friendly format on the website of the 
State department of transportation.
    ``(f) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section prevents a State 
from carrying out transportation workforce planning--
            ``(1) not described in this section; or
            ``(2) not in accordance with this section.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1125(c)(2)), is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 175 the following:

``176. State human capital plans.''.

SEC. 1204. ACCESSIBILITY DATA PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an accessibility data pilot 
program (referred to in this section as the ``pilot program'').
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the pilot program is to develop or 
procure an accessibility data set and make that data set available to 
each eligible entity selected to participate in the pilot program to 
improve the transportation planning of those eligible entities by--
            (1) measuring the level of access by multiple 
        transportation modes to important destinations, which may 
        include--
                    (A) jobs, including areas with a concentration of 
                available jobs;
                    (B) health care facilities;
                    (C) child care services;
                    (D) educational and workforce training facilities;
                    (E) affordable housing;
                    (F) food sources; and
                    (G) connections between modes, including 
                connections to--
                            (i) high-quality transit or rail service;
                            (ii) safe bicycling corridors; and
                            (iii) safe sidewalks that achieve 
                        compliance with applicable requirements of the 
                        Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 
                        U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
            (2) disaggregating the level of access by multiple 
        transportation modes by a variety of population categories, 
        which may include--
                    (A) low-income populations;
                    (B) minority populations;
                    (C) age;
                    (D) disability; and
                    (E) geographical location; and
            (3) assessing the change in accessibility that would result 
        from new transportation investments.
    (c) Eligible Entities.--An entity eligible to participate in the 
pilot program is--
            (1) a State (as defined in section 101(a) of title 23, 
        United States Code);
            (2) a metropolitan planning organization; or
            (3) a rural transportation planning organization.
    (d) Application.--To be eligible to participate in the pilot 
program, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an 
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Secretary may require, including information 
relating to--
            (1) previous experience of the eligible entity measuring 
        transportation access or other performance management 
        experience;
            (2) the types of important destinations to which the 
        eligible entity intends to measure access;
            (3) the types of data disaggregation the eligible entity 
        intends to pursue;
            (4) a general description of the methodology the eligible 
        entity intends to apply; and
            (5) if the applicant does not intend the pilot program to 
        apply to the full area under the jurisdiction of the applicant, 
        a description of the geographic area in which the applicant 
        intends the pilot program to apply.
    (e) Selection.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall seek to achieve 
        diversity of participants in the pilot program by selecting a 
        range of eligible entities that shall include--
                    (A) States;
                    (B) metropolitan planning organizations that serve 
                an area with a population of 200,000 people or fewer;
                    (C) metropolitan planning organizations that serve 
                an area with a population of over 200,000 people; and
                    (D) rural transportation planning organizations.
            (2) Inclusions.--The Secretary shall seek to ensure that, 
        among the eligible entities selected under paragraph (1), there 
        is--
                    (A) a range of capacity and previous experience 
                with measuring transportation access; and
                    (B) a variety of proposed methodologies and focus 
                areas for measuring level of access.
    (f) Duties.--For each eligible entity participating in the pilot 
program, the Secretary shall--
            (1) develop or acquire an accessibility data set described 
        in subsection (b); and
            (2) submit the data set to the eligible entity.
    (g) Methodology.--In calculating the measures for the data set 
under the pilot program, the Secretary shall ensure that methodology is 
open source.
    (h) Availability.--The Secretary shall make an accessibility data 
set under the pilot program available to--
            (1) units of local government within the jurisdiction of 
        the eligible entity participating in the pilot program; and
            (2) researchers.
    (i) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the last date on which 
the Secretary submits data sets to the eligible entity under subsection 
(f), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the results of 
the program, including the feasibility of developing and providing 
periodic accessibility data sets for all States, regions, and 
localities.
    (j) Funding.--The Secretary shall carry out the pilot program using 
amounts made available to the Secretary for administrative expenses to 
carry out programs under the authority of the Secretary.
    (k) Sunset.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date that is 
8 years after the date on which the pilot program is implemented.

SEC. 1205. PRIORITIZATION PROCESS PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
                    (A) a metropolitan planning organization that 
                serves an area with a population of over 200,000; and
                    (B) a State.
            (2) Metropolitan planning organization.--The term 
        ``metropolitan planning organization'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 134(b) of title 23, United States Code.
            (3) Prioritization process pilot program.--The term 
        ``prioritization process pilot program'' means the pilot 
        program established under subsection (b)(1).
    (b) Establishment.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish, and solicit 
        applications for a prioritization process pilot program.
            (2) Purpose.--The purpose of the prioritization process 
        pilot program shall be to support data-driven approaches to 
        planning that, on completion, can be evaluated for public 
        benefit.
    (c) Pilot Program Administration.--
            (1) In general.--An eligible entity participating in the 
        prioritization process pilot program shall--
                    (A) use priority objectives that are developed--
                            (i) in the case of an urbanized area with a 
                        population of over 200,000, by the metropolitan 
                        planning organization that serves the area, in 
                        consultation with the State;
                            (ii) in the case of an urbanized area with 
                        a population of 200,000 or fewer, by the State 
                        in consultation with all metropolitan planning 
                        organizations in the State; and
                            (iii) through a public process that 
                        provides an opportunity for public input;
                    (B) assess and score projects and strategies on the 
                basis of--
                            (i) the contribution and benefits of the 
                        project or strategy to each priority objective 
                        developed under subparagraph (A);
                            (ii) the cost of the project or strategy 
                        relative to the contribution and benefits 
                        assessed and scored under clause (i); and
                            (iii) public support;
                    (C) use the scores assigned under subparagraph (B) 
                to guide project selection in the development of the 
                transportation plan and transportation improvement 
                program; and
                    (D) ensure that the public--
                            (i) has opportunities to provide public 
                        comment on projects before decisions are made 
                        on the transportation plan and the 
                        transportation improvement program; and
                            (ii) has access to clear reasons why each 
                        project or strategy was selected or not 
                        selected.
            (2) Requirements.--An eligible entity that receives a grant 
        under the prioritization process pilot program shall use the 
        funds as described in each of the following, as applicable:
                    (A) Metropolitan transportation planning.--In the 
                case of a metropolitan planning organization that 
                serves an area with a population of over 200,000, the 
                entity shall--
                            (i) develop and implement a publicly 
                        accessible, transparent prioritization process 
                        for the selection of projects for inclusion on 
                        the transportation plan for the metropolitan 
                        planning area under section 134(i) of title 23, 
                        United States Code, and section 5303(i) of 
                        title 49, United States Code, which shall--
                                    (I) include criteria identified by 
                                the metropolitan planning organization, 
                                which may be weighted to reflect the 
                                priority objectives developed under 
                                paragraph (1)(A), that the metropolitan 
                                planning organization has determined 
                                support--
                                            (aa) factors described in 
                                        section 134(h) of title 23, 
                                        United States Code, and section 
                                        5303(h) of title 49, United 
                                        States Code;
                                            (bb) targets for national 
                                        performance measures under 
                                        section 150(b) of title 23, 
                                        United States Code;
                                            (cc) applicable 
                                        transportation goals in the 
                                        metropolitan planning area or 
                                        State set by the applicable 
                                        transportation agency; and
                                            (dd) priority objectives 
                                        developed under paragraph 
                                        (1)(A);
                                    (II) evaluate the outcomes for each 
                                proposed project on the basis of the 
                                benefits of the proposed project with 
                                respect to each of the criteria 
                                described in subclause (I) relative to 
                                the cost of the proposed project; and
                                    (III) use the evaluation under 
                                subclause (II) to create a ranked list 
                                of proposed projects; and
                            (ii) with respect to the priority list 
                        under section 134(j)(2)(A) of title 23 and 
                        section 5303(j)(2)(A) of title 49, United 
                        States Code, include projects according to the 
                        rank of the project under clause (i)(III), 
                        except as provided in subparagraph (D).
                    (B) Statewide transportation planning.--In the case 
                of a State, the State shall--
                            (i) develop and implement a publicly 
                        accessible, transparent process for the 
                        selection of projects for inclusion on the 
                        long-range statewide transportation plan under 
                        section 135(f) of title 23, United States Code, 
                        which shall--
                                    (I) include criteria identified by 
                                the State, which may be weighted to 
                                reflect statewide priorities, that the 
                                State has determined support--
                                            (aa) factors described in 
                                        section 135(d) of title 23, 
                                        United States Code, and section 
                                        5304(d) of title 49, United 
                                        States Code;
                                            (bb) national 
                                        transportation goals under 
                                        section 150(b) of title 23, 
                                        United States Code;
                                            (cc) applicable 
                                        transportation goals in the 
                                        State; and
                                            (dd) the priority 
                                        objectives developed under 
                                        paragraph (1)(A);
                                    (II) evaluate the outcomes for each 
                                proposed project on the basis of the 
                                benefits of the proposed project with 
                                respect to each of the criteria 
                                described in subclause (I) relative to 
                                the cost of the proposed project; and
                                    (III) use the evaluation under 
                                subclause (II) to create a ranked list 
                                of proposed projects; and
                            (ii) with respect to the statewide 
                        transportation improvement program under 
                        section 135(g) of title 23, United States Code, 
                        and section 5304(g) of title 49, United States 
                        Code, include projects according to the rank of 
                        the project under clause (i)(III), except as 
                        provided in subparagraph (D).
                    (C) Additional transportation planning.--If the 
                eligible entity has implemented, and has in effect, the 
                requirements under subparagraph (A) or (B), as 
                applicable, the eligible entity may use any remaining 
                funds from a grant provided under the pilot program for 
                any transportation planning purpose.
                    (D) Exceptions to priority ranking.--In the case of 
                any project that the eligible entity chooses to include 
                or not include in the transportation improvement 
                program under section 134(j) of title 23, United States 
                Code, or the statewide transportation improvement 
                program under section 135(g) of title 23, United States 
                Code, as applicable, in a manner that is contrary to 
                the priority ranking for that project established under 
                subparagraph (A)(i)(III) or (B)(i)(III), the eligible 
                entity shall make publicly available an explanation for 
                the decision, including--
                            (i) a review of public comments regarding 
                        the project;
                            (ii) an evaluation of public support for 
                        the project;
                            (iii) an assessment of geographic balance 
                        of projects of the eligible entity; and
                            (iv) the number of projects of the eligible 
                        entity in economically distressed areas.
            (3) Maximum amount.--The maximum amount of a grant under 
        the prioritization process pilot program is $2,000,000.
    (d) Applications.--To be eligible to participate in the 
prioritization process pilot program, an eligible entity shall submit 
to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
containing such information as the Secretary may require.

SEC. 1206. EXEMPTIONS FOR LOW POPULATION DENSITY STATES.

    Section 150 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(f) Exemptions for Low Population Density States.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall grant, on the 
        election of and in consultation with a State, an exemption from 
        1 or more of the requirements described in paragraph (2)(A) if 
        the State--
                    ``(A) is on the list of eligible States under 
                paragraph (5) for the applicable performance period; 
                and
                    ``(B) provides a written notice of the election 
                that includes an explanation under paragraph (4)(A).
            ``(2) Requirements described.--
                    ``(A) State requirements.--The requirements from 
                which a State described in paragraph (1) may elect an 
                exemption are--
                            ``(i) requirements established under 
                        subclauses (IV) and (V) of subsection 
                        (c)(3)(A)(ii);
                            ``(ii) requirements established under 
                        subsection (c)(5)(A);
                            ``(iii) requirements established under 
                        subsection (c)(6); and
                            ``(iv) targeting, data, reporting, or 
                        administrative requirements established under 
                        subsections (d) and (e) that are related to a 
                        requirement described in clause (i), (ii), or 
                        (iii) from which the State elects to receive an 
                        exemption.
                    ``(B) Metropolitan planning organization 
                requirements.--A metropolitan planning organization 
                with a metropolitan planning area that is located 
                entirely within a State that is exempt shall be exempt 
                from the requirements under section 134(h)(2)(B) that 
                relate to each measure described in subparagraph (A) 
                from which the State of the metropolitan planning 
                organization is exempt.
            ``(3) Term.--An exemption applied under paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall be in effect until the date that is 4 
                years after the date on which the performance period 
                promulgated by the Secretary under subsection (d) in 
                effect at the time the exemption is applied ends; and
                    ``(B) may be renewed by the State for an additional 
                4-year term at the end of each performance period if, 
                in accordance with paragraph (4)--
                            ``(i) the State submits another written 
                        explanation; and
                            ``(ii) the State continues to be included 
                        on the list of eligible States under paragraph 
                        (5).
            ``(4) Notification of election of exemption.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be eligible to make an 
                election under paragraph (1), not later than September 
                1 of the calendar year preceding the calendar year in 
                which the next performance period promulgated by the 
                Secretary under subsection (d) begins, a State 
                described in that paragraph--
                            ``(i) shall submit to the Secretary--
                                    ``(I) identification of the 1 or 
                                more requirements described in 
                                paragraph (2)(A) for which an exemption 
                                is elected; and
                                    ``(II) a written notice that 
                                includes an explanation advising the 
                                Secretary that the State is not 
                                experiencing significant performance 
                                issues on the surface transportation 
                                system of the State with respect to 
                                each requirement referred to in 
                                subclause (I); and
                            ``(ii) may submit to the Secretary any 
                        other information or material that the State 
                        chooses to include in the notice.
                    ``(B) Special rule.--Notwithstanding the deadline 
                described in subparagraph (A), a State described in 
                paragraph (1) may submit a notice under subparagraph 
                (A) at any time before September 1, 2021.
            ``(5) Eligible states.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date of enactment of this subsection and thereafter, on 
                each September 1 of the calendar year 2 years prior to 
                the calendar year in which the next performance period 
                promulgated by the Secretary under subsection (d) 
                begins, the Secretary shall publish a list of States 
                that may elect to receive an exemption from a 
                requirement described in paragraph (2)(A).
                    ``(B) Inclusions.--The Secretary shall include on 
                the list under subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) any State that--
                                    ``(I) has a population per square 
                                mile of area that is less than the 
                                population per square mile of area of 
                                the United States, based on the latest 
                                available Bureau of the Census data at 
                                the time the Secretary publishes the 
                                list;
                                    ``(II) does not include an 
                                urbanized area with a population of 
                                over 200,000 within the State; and
                                    ``(III) has no repeated delays or 
                                other persistent impediments to travel 
                                reliability on the portions of the 
                                National Highway System in the State 
                                that the Secretary determines to be 
                                excessive; and
                            ``(ii) based on the latest available Bureau 
                        of the Census data at the time the Secretary 
                        publishes the list, any State that--
                                    ``(I) has a population density of 
                                less than 15 persons per square mile of 
                                area; and
                                    ``(II) does not include an 
                                urbanized area with a population of 
                                over 200,000.
            ``(6) National reporting.--
                    ``(A) Eligible states.--For each State included on 
                the list of eligible States under paragraph (5), the 
                Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment 
                and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a report on the status of traffic 
                congestion, travel reliability, truck travel 
                reliability, and any other relevant performance metrics 
                on the portions of the National Highway System in the 
                State, including any delays or impediments that the 
                Secretary determines to be excessive.
                    ``(B) Exempt states.--For each eligible State under 
                paragraph (5) that elects to receive an exemption under 
                paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) submit to the Committee on 
                        Environment and Public Works of the Senate and 
                        the Committee on Transportation and 
                        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives 
                        a report on the results of performance measures 
                        for all exemptions applied to that State under 
                        this subsection; and
                            ``(ii) make publicly available as part of 
                        the State performance dashboard on the 
                        Department of Transportation website 
                        information on the performance of the State 
                        with respect to any requirements from which the 
                        State is exempt.''.

SEC. 1207. TRAVEL DEMAND DATA AND MODELING.

    (a) Definition of Metropolitan Planning Organization.--In this 
section, the term ``metropolitan planning organization'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 134(b) of title 23, United States 
Code.
    (b) Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 
        5 years thereafter, the Secretary shall carry out a study 
        that--
                    (A) gathers travel data and travel demand forecasts 
                from a representative sample of States and metropolitan 
                planning organizations;
                    (B) uses the data and forecasts gathered under 
                subparagraph (A) to compare travel demand forecasts 
                with the observed data, including--
                            (i) traffic counts;
                            (ii) travel mode share and public transit 
                        ridership; and
                            (iii) vehicle occupancy measures; and
                    (C) uses the information described in subparagraphs 
                (A) and (B)--
                            (i) to develop best practices or guidance 
                        for States and metropolitan planning 
                        organizations to use in forecasting travel 
                        demand for future investments in transportation 
                        improvements;
                            (ii) to evaluate the impact of 
                        transportation investments, including new 
                        roadway capacity, on travel behavior and travel 
                        demand, including public transportation 
                        ridership, induced highway travel, and 
                        congestion;
                            (iii) to support more accurate travel 
                        demand forecasting by States and metropolitan 
                        planning organizations; and
                            (iv) to enhance the capacity of States and 
                        metropolitan planning organizations--
                                    (I) to forecast travel demand; and
                                    (II) to track observed travel 
                                behavior responses, including induced 
                                travel, to changes in transportation 
                                capacity, pricing, and land use 
                                patterns.
            (2) Secretarial support.--The Secretary shall seek 
        opportunities to support the transportation planning processes 
        under sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code, 
        through the provision of data to States and metropolitan 
        planning organizations to improve the quality of plans, models, 
        and forecasts described in this subsection.
            (3) Evaluation tool.--The Secretary shall develop a 
        publicly available multimodal web-based tool for the purpose of 
        enabling States and metropolitan planning organizations to 
        evaluate the effect of investments in highway and public 
        transportation projects on the use and conditions of all 
        transportation assets within the State or area served by the 
        metropolitan planning organization, as applicable.

SEC. 1208. INCREASING SAFE AND ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS.

    (a) Definition of Complete Streets Standards or Policies.--In this 
section, the term ``Complete Streets standards or policies'' means 
standards or policies that ensure the safe and adequate accommodation 
of all users of the transportation system, including pedestrians, 
bicyclists, public transportation users, children, older individuals, 
individuals with disabilities, motorists, and freight vehicles.
    (b) Funding Requirement.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, each State and metropolitan planning organization shall use to 
carry out 1 or more activities described in subsection (c)--
            (1) in the case of a State, not less than 2.5 percent of 
        the amounts made available to the State to carry out section 
        505 of title 23, United States Code; and
            (2) in the case of a metropolitan planning organization, 
        not less than 2.5 percent of the amounts made available to the 
        metropolitan planning organization under section 104(d) of 
        title 23, United States Code.
    (c) Activities Described.--An activity referred to in subsection 
(b) is an activity to increase safe and accessible options for multiple 
travel modes for people of all ages and abilities, which, if 
permissible under applicable State and local laws, may include--
            (1) adoption of Complete Streets standards or policies;
            (2) development of a Complete Streets prioritization plan 
        that identifies a specific list of Complete Streets projects to 
        improve the safety, mobility, or accessibility of a street;
            (3) development of transportation plans--
                    (A) to create a network of active transportation 
                facilities, including sidewalks, bikeways, or 
                pedestrian and bicycle trails, to connect neighborhoods 
                with destinations such as workplaces, schools, 
                residences, businesses, recreation areas, healthcare 
                and child care services, or other community activity 
                centers;
                    (B) to integrate active transportation facilities 
                with public transportation service or improve access to 
                public transportation;
                    (C) to create multiuse active transportation 
                infrastructure facilities, including bikeways or 
                pedestrian and bicycle trails, that make connections 
                within or between communities;
                    (D) to increase public transportation ridership; 
                and
                    (E) to improve the safety of bicyclists and 
                pedestrians;
            (4) regional and megaregional planning to address travel 
        demand and capacity constraints through alternatives to new 
        highway capacity, including through intercity passenger rail; 
        and
            (5) development of transportation plans and policies that 
        support transit-oriented development.
    (d) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of an activity 
carried out under this section shall be 100 percent.

          Subtitle C--Project Delivery and Process Improvement

SEC. 1301. EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS FOR PROJECT DECISIONMAKING 
              AND ONE FEDERAL DECISION.

    (a) In General.--Section 139 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``decisionmaking'' 
        and inserting ``decisionmaking and One Federal Decision'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as 
                paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (8), (9), (10), and (11), 
                respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Authorization.--The term `authorization' means any 
        license, permit, approval, finding, or other administrative 
        decision related to the environmental review process that is 
        required under Federal law to site, construct, or reconstruct a 
        project.
            ``(3) Environmental document.--The term `environmental 
        document' includes an environmental assessment, finding of no 
        significant impact, notice of intent, environmental impact 
        statement, or record of decision under the National 
        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) (as so 
                redesignated), by striking ``process for and completion 
                of any environmental permit'' and inserting ``process 
                and schedule, including a timetable for completion of 
                any permit''; and
                    (D) by inserting after paragraph (6) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
            ``(7) Major infrastructure project.--The term `major 
        infrastructure project' means a project for which--
                    ``(A) multiple permits, approvals, reviews, or 
                studies are required under a Federal law other than the 
                National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 
                4321 et seq.);
                    ``(B) the head of the lead agency has determined 
                that an environmental impact statement is required; and
                    ``(C) the project sponsor has identified the 
                reasonable availability of funds sufficient to complete 
                the project.'';
            (3) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ``, including major 
        infrastructure projects,'' after ``all projects'';
            (4) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) to calculate annually the average time taken 
                by the lead agency to complete all environmental 
                documents for each project during the previous fiscal 
                year''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Process improvements for major infrastructure 
        projects.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall review--
                            ``(i) existing practices, procedures, 
                        rules, regulations, and applicable laws to 
                        identify impediments to meeting the 
                        requirements applicable to major infrastructure 
                        projects under this section; and
                            ``(ii) best practices, programmatic 
                        agreements, and potential changes to internal 
                        departmental procedures that would facilitate 
                        an efficient environmental review process for 
                        major infrastructure projects.
                    ``(B) Consultation.--In conducting the review under 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult, as 
                appropriate, with the heads of other Federal agencies 
                that participate in the environmental review process.
                    ``(C) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit 
                to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
                Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report 
                that includes--
                            ``(i) the results of the review under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) an analysis of whether additional 
                        funding would help the Secretary meet the 
                        requirements applicable to major infrastructure 
                        projects under this section.'';
            (5) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (8)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``nepa'' and inserting ``environmental'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``and except as 
                                provided in subparagraph (D)'' after 
                                ``paragraph (7)'';
                                    (II) by striking ``permits'' and 
                                inserting ``authorizations''; and
                                    (III) by striking ``single 
                                environment document'' and inserting 
                                ``single environmental document for 
                                each kind of environmental document'';
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)(i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``an environmental 
                                document'' and inserting 
                                ``environmental documents''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``permits issued'' 
                                and inserting ``authorizations''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Exceptions.--The lead agency may waive the 
                application of subparagraph (A) with respect to a 
                project if--
                            ``(i) the project sponsor requests that 
                        agencies issue separate environmental 
                        documents;
                            ``(ii) the obligations of a cooperating 
                        agency or participating agency under the 
                        National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
                        U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) have already been 
                        satisfied with respect to the project; or
                            ``(iii) the lead agency determines that 
                        reliance on a single environmental document (as 
                        described in subparagraph (A)) would not 
                        facilitate timely completion of the 
                        environmental review process for the 
                        project.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(10) Timely authorizations for major infrastructure 
        projects.--
                    ``(A) Deadline.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (C), all authorization decisions necessary for the 
                construction of a major infrastructure project shall be 
                completed by not later than 90 days after the date of 
                the issuance of a record of decision for the major 
                infrastructure project.
                    ``(B) Detail.--The final environmental impact 
                statement for a major infrastructure project shall 
                include an adequate level of detail to inform decisions 
                necessary for the role of the participating agencies in 
                the environmental review process.
                    ``(C) Extension of deadline.--The head of the lead 
                agency may extend the deadline under subparagraph (A) 
                if--
                            ``(i) Federal law prohibits the lead agency 
                        or another agency from issuing an approval or 
                        permit within the period described in that 
                        subparagraph;
                            ``(ii) the project sponsor requests that 
                        the permit or approval follow a different 
                        timeline; or
                            ``(iii) an extension would facilitate 
                        completion of the environmental review and 
                        authorization process of the major 
                        infrastructure project.'';
            (6) in subsection (g)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in clause (ii)(IV), by striking 
                        ``schedule for and cost of'' and inserting 
                        ``time required by an agency to conduct an 
                        environmental review and make decisions under 
                        applicable Federal law relating to a project 
                        (including the issuance or denial of a permit 
                        or license) and the cost of''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) Major infrastructure project 
                        schedule.--To the maximum extent practicable 
                        and consistent with applicable Federal law, in 
                        the case of a major infrastructure project, the 
                        lead agency shall develop a schedule for the 
                        major infrastructure project that is consistent 
                        with an agency average of not more than 2 years 
                        for the completion of the environmental review 
                        process for major infrastructure projects, as 
                        measured from the date of publication of a 
                        notice of intent to prepare an environmental 
                        impact statement to the record of decision.'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(D) Modification.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), the lead agency may lengthen or 
                        shorten a schedule established under 
                        subparagraph (B) for good cause.
                            ``(ii) Exceptions.--
                                    ``(I) Major infrastructure 
                                projects.--In the case of a major 
                                infrastructure project, the lead agency 
                                may lengthen a schedule under clause 
                                (i) for a cooperating Federal agency by 
                                not more than 1 year after the latest 
                                deadline established for the major 
                                infrastructure project by the lead 
                                agency.
                                    ``(II) Shortened schedules.--The 
                                lead agency may not shorten a schedule 
                                under clause (i) if doing so would 
                                impair the ability of a cooperating 
                                Federal agency to conduct necessary 
                                analyses or otherwise carry out 
                                relevant obligations of the Federal 
                                agency for the project.'';
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                subparagraph (F); and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
                following:
                    ``(E) Failure to meet deadline.--If a cooperating 
                Federal agency fails to meet a deadline established 
                under subparagraph (D)(ii)(I)--
                            ``(i) the cooperating Federal agency shall 
                        submit to the Secretary a report that describes 
                        the reasons why the deadline was not met; and
                            ``(ii) the Secretary shall--
                                    ``(I) transmit to the Committee on 
                                Environment and Public Works of the 
                                Senate and the Committee on 
                                Transportation and Infrastructure of 
                                the House of Representatives a copy of 
                                the report under clause (i); and
                                    ``(II) make the report under clause 
                                (i) publicly available on the 
                                internet.''; and
            (7) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(p) Accountability and Reporting for Major Infrastructure 
Projects.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        performance accountability system to track each major 
        infrastructure project.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The performance accountability system 
        under paragraph (1) shall, for each major infrastructure 
        project, track, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) the environmental review process for the 
                major infrastructure project, including the project 
                schedule;
                    ``(B) whether the lead agency, cooperating 
                agencies, and participating agencies are meeting the 
                schedule established for the environmental review 
                process; and
                    ``(C) the time taken to complete the environmental 
                review process.
    ``(q) Adoption of Categorical Exclusions.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) in consultation with the entities described 
                in paragraph (2), identify the categorical exclusions 
                described in section 771.117 of title 23, Code of 
                Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), that 
                would accelerate delivery of a project if those 
                categorical exclusions were available to those 
                entities;
                    ``(B) collect existing documentation and 
                substantiating information on the categorical 
                exclusions described in subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(C) provide to each entity described in paragraph 
                (2) a list of the categorical exclusions identified 
                under subparagraph (A) and the documentation and 
                substantiating information under subparagraph (B).
            ``(2) Entities described.--The entities referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are--
                    ``(A) the Secretary of the Interior;
                    ``(B) the Secretary of the Army;
                    ``(C) the Secretary of Commerce;
                    ``(D) the Secretary of Agriculture;
                    ``(E) the Secretary of Energy;
                    ``(F) the Secretary of Defense; and
                    ``(G) the head of any other Federal agency that has 
                participated in an environmental review process, as 
                determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Adoption of categorical exclusions.--If an entity 
        described in paragraph (2) determines that a categorical 
        exclusion identified under paragraph (1)(A) meets the criteria 
        for a categorical exclusion under section 1508.4 of title 40, 
        Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations), not 
        later than 2 years after the date on which the Secretary 
        provides the list under paragraph (1)(C), the entity shall 
        publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to propose a new 
        categorical exclusion.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
139 and inserting the following:

``139. Efficient environmental reviews for project decisionmaking and 
                            One Federal Decision.''.

SEC. 1302. WORK ZONE PROCESS REVIEWS.

    The Secretary shall amend section 630.1008(e) of title 23, Code of 
Federal Regulations, to ensure that the work zone process review under 
that subsection is required not more frequently than once every 5 
years.

SEC. 1303. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT PLANS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall amend section 630.1010(c) of 
title 23, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure that only a project 
described in that subsection with a lane closure for 3 or more 
consecutive days shall be considered to be a significant project for 
purposes of that section.
    (b) Non-Interstate Projects.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, a State shall not be required to develop or implement a 
transportation management plan (as described in section 630.1012 of 
title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)) for a 
highway project not on the Interstate System if the project requires 
not more than 3 consecutive days of lane closures.

SEC. 1304. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall develop guidance for using 
existing flexibilities with respect to the systems engineering analysis 
described in part 940 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
successor regulations).
    (b) Implementation.--The Secretary shall ensure that any guidance 
developed under subsection (a)--
            (1) clearly identifies criteria for low-risk and exempt 
        intelligent transportation systems projects, with a goal of 
        minimizing unnecessary delay or paperwork burden;
            (2) is consistently implemented by the Department 
        nationwide; and
            (3) is disseminated to Federal-aid recipients.
    (c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section prevents the 
Secretary from amending part 940 of title 23, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or successor regulations), to reduce State administrative 
burdens.

SEC. 1305. ALTERNATIVE CONTRACTING METHODS.

    (a) Alternative Contracting Methods for Federal Land Management 
Agencies and Tribal Governments.--Section 201 of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Alternative Contracting Methods.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law (including the Federal Acquisition Regulation), a 
        contracting method available to a State under this title may be 
        used by the Secretary, on behalf of--
                    ``(A) a Federal land management agency, in using 
                any funds pursuant to sections 203, 204, or 308;
                    ``(B) a Federal land management agency, in using 
                any funds pursuant to section 1535 of title 31 for any 
                of the eligible uses described in sections 203(a)(1) 
                and 204(a)(1) and paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 
                308(a); or
                    ``(C) a Tribal government, in using funds pursuant 
                to section 202(b)(7)(D).
            ``(2) Methods described.--The contracting methods referred 
        to in paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) project bundling;
                    ``(B) bridge bundling;
                    ``(C) design-build contracting;
                    ``(D) 2-phase contracting;
                    ``(E) long-term concession agreements; and
                    ``(F) any method tested, or that could be tested, 
                under an experimental program relating to contracting 
                methods carried out by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection--
                    ``(A) affects the application of the Federal share 
                for the project carried out with a contracting method 
                under this subsection; or
                    ``(B) modifies the point of obligation of Federal 
                salaries and expenses.''.
    (b) Cooperation With Federal and State Agencies and Foreign 
Countries.--Section 308(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Alternative contracting methods.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law (including the Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation), in performing services under paragraph 
                (1), the Secretary may use any contracting method 
                available to a State under this title.
                    ``(B) Methods described.--The contracting methods 
                referred to in subparagraph (A) shall include, at a 
                minimum--
                            ``(i) project bundling;
                            ``(ii) bridge bundling;
                            ``(iii) design-build contracting;
                            ``(iv) 2-phase contracting;
                            ``(v) long-term concession agreements; and
                            ``(vi) any method tested, or that could be 
                        tested, under an experimental program relating 
                        to contracting methods carried out by the 
                        Secretary.''.
    (c) Use of Alternative Contracting Methods.--In carrying out an 
alternative contracting method under section 201(f) or 308(a)(4) of 
title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall--
            (1) in consultation with the applicable Federal land 
        management agencies, establish clear procedures that are--
                    (A) applicable to the alternative contracting 
                method; and
                    (B) to the maximum extent practicable, consistent 
                with the requirements applicable to Federal procurement 
                transactions;
            (2) solicit input on the use of the alternative contracting 
        method from the affected industry prior to using the method; 
        and
            (3) analyze and prepare an evaluation of the use of the 
        alternative contracting method.

SEC. 1306. FLEXIBILITY FOR PROJECTS.

    Section 1420 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 101 note; Public Law 114-
94) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and on request by a 
        State, the Secretary may'' in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1) and all that follows through the period at the end of 
        paragraph (2) and inserting the following: ``, on request by a 
        State, and if in the public interest (as determined by the 
        Secretary), the Secretary shall exercise all existing 
        flexibilities under--
            ``(1) the requirements of title 23, United States Code; and
            ``(2) other requirements administered by the Secretary, in 
        whole or in part.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(2)(A), by inserting ``(including 
        regulations)'' after ``environmental law''.

SEC. 1307. IMPROVED FEDERAL-STATE STEWARDSHIP AND OVERSIGHT AGREEMENTS.

    (a) Definition of Template.--In this section, the term ``template'' 
means a template created by the Secretary for Federal-State stewardship 
and oversight agreements that--
            (1) includes all standard terms found in stewardship and 
        oversight agreements, including any terms in an attachment to 
        the agreement;
            (2) is developed in accordance with section 106 of title 
        23, United States Code, or any other applicable authority; and
            (3) may be developed with consideration of relevant 
        regulations, guidance, or policies.
    (b) Request for Comment.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall publish in the 
        Federal Register the template and a notice requesting public 
        comment on ways to improve the template.
            (2) Comment period.--The Secretary shall provide a period 
        of not less than 60 days for public comment on the notice under 
        paragraph (1).
            (3) Certain issues.--The notice under paragraph (1) shall 
        allow comment on any aspect of the template and shall 
        specifically request public comment on--
                    (A) whether the template should be revised to 
                delete standard terms requiring approval by the 
                Secretary of the policies, procedures, processes, or 
                manuals of the States, or other State actions, if 
                Federal law (including regulations) does not 
                specifically require an approval;
                    (B) opportunities to modify the template to allow 
                adjustments to the review schedules for State practices 
                or actions, including through risk-based approaches, 
                program reviews, process reviews, or other means; and
                    (C) any other matters that the Secretary determines 
                to be appropriate.
    (c) Notice of Action; Updates.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, after considering the comments received 
        in response to the Federal Register notice under subsection 
        (b), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a 
        notice that--
                    (A) describes any proposed changes to be made, and 
                any alternatives to such changes, to the template;
                    (B) addresses comments in response to which changes 
                were not made to the template; and
                    (C) prescribes a schedule and a plan to execute a 
                process for implementing the changes referred to in 
                subparagraph (A).
            (2) Approval requirements.--In addressing comments under 
        paragraph (1)(B), the Secretary shall include an explanation of 
        the basis for retaining any requirement for approval of State 
        policies, procedures, processes, or manuals, or other State 
        actions, if Federal law (including regulations) does not 
        specifically require the approval.
            (3) Implementation.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date on which the notice under paragraph (1) is 
                published, the Secretary shall make changes to the 
                template in accordance with--
                            (i) the changes described in the notice 
                        under paragraph (1)(A); and
                            (ii) the schedule and plan described in the 
                        notice under paragraph (1)(C).
                    (B) Updates.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
                on which the revised template under subparagraph (A) is 
                published, the Secretary shall update existing 
                agreements with States according to the template 
                updated under subparagraph (A).
    (d) Inclusion of Non-Standard Terms.--Nothing in this section 
precludes the inclusion in a Federal-State stewardship and oversight 
agreement of non-standard terms to address a State-specific matter, 
including risk-based stewardship and Department oversight involvement 
in individual projects of division interest.
    (e) Compliance With Non-Statutory Terms.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall not enforce or 
        otherwise require a State to comply with approval requirements 
        that are not required by Federal law (including regulations) in 
        a Federal-State stewardship and oversight agreement.
            (2) Approval authority.--Notwithstanding any other 
        provision of law, the Secretary shall not assert approval 
        authority over any matter in a Federal-State stewardship and 
        oversight agreement reserved to States.
    (f) Frequency of Reviews.--Section 106(g)(3) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``annual'';
            (2) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Frequency.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clauses (ii) and (iii), the Secretary shall 
                        carry out a review under subparagraph (A) not 
                        less frequently than once every 2 years.
                            ``(ii) Consultation with state.--The 
                        Secretary, after consultation with a State, may 
                        make a determination to carry out a review 
                        under subparagraph (A) for that State less 
                        frequently than provided under clause (i).
                            ``(iii) Cause.--If the Secretary determines 
                        that there is a specific reason to require a 
                        review more frequently than provided under 
                        clause (i) with respect to a State, the 
                        Secretary may carry out a review more 
                        frequently than provided under that clause.''.

SEC. 1308. GEOMATIC DATA.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall develop guidance for the 
acceptance and use of information obtained from a non-Federal entity 
through geomatic techniques, including remote sensing and land 
surveying, cartography, geographic information systems, global 
navigation satellite systems, photogrammetry, or other remote means.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall ensure that acceptance or use of information described in 
subsection (a) meets the data quality and operational requirements of 
the Secretary.
    (c) Public Comment.--Before issuing any final guidance under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide to the public--
            (1) notice of the proposed guidance; and
            (2) an opportunity to comment on the proposed guidance.
    (d) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section--
            (1) requires the Secretary to accept or use information 
        that the Secretary determines does not meet the guidance 
        developed under this section; or
            (2) changes the current statutory or regulatory 
        requirements of the Department.

SEC. 1309. EVALUATION OF PROJECTS WITHIN AN OPERATIONAL RIGHT-OF-WAY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 3 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 331. Evaluation of projects within an operational right-of-way
    ``(a) Definitions.--
            ``(1) Eligible project or activity.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In this section, the term 
                `eligible project or activity' means a project or 
                activity within an existing operational right-of-way 
                (as defined in section 771.117(c)(22) of title 23, Code 
                of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations))--
                            ``(i)(I) eligible for assistance under this 
                        title; or
                            ``(II) administered as if made available 
                        under this title;
                            ``(ii) that is--
                                    ``(I) a preventive maintenance, 
                                preservation, or highway safety 
                                improvement project (as defined in 
                                section 148(a)); or
                                    ``(II) a new turn lane that the 
                                State advises in writing to the 
                                Secretary would assist public safety; 
                                and
                            ``(iii) that--
                                    ``(I) is classified as a 
                                categorical exclusion under section 
                                771.117 of title 23, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations (or successor regulations); 
                                or
                                    ``(II) if the project or activity 
                                does not receive assistance described 
                                in clause (i) would be considered a 
                                categorical exclusion if the project or 
                                activity received assistance described 
                                in clause (i).
                    ``(B) Exclusion.--The term `eligible project or 
                activity' does not include a project to create a new 
                travel lane.
            ``(2) Preliminary evaluation.--The term `preliminary 
        evaluation', with respect to an application described in 
        subsection (b)(1), means an evaluation that is customary or 
        practicable for the relevant agency to complete within a 45-day 
        period for similar applications.
            ``(3) Relevant agency.--The term `relevant agency' means a 
        Federal agency, other than the Federal Highway Administration, 
        with responsibility for review of an application from a State 
        for a permit, approval, or jurisdictional determination for an 
        eligible project or activity.
    ``(b) Action Required.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 
        45 days after the date of receipt of an application by a State 
        for a permit, approval, or jurisdictional determination for an 
        eligible project or activity, the head of the relevant agency 
        shall--
                    ``(A) make at least a preliminary evaluation of the 
                application; and
                    ``(B) notify the State of the results of the 
                preliminary evaluation under subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Extension.--The head of the relevant agency may 
        extend the review period under paragraph (1) by not more than 
        30 days if the head of the relevant agency provides to the 
        State written notice that includes an explanation of the need 
        for the extension.
            ``(3) Failure to act.--If the head of the relevant agency 
        fails to meet a deadline under paragraph (1) or (2), as 
        applicable, the head of the relevant agency shall--
                    ``(A) not later than 30 days after the date of the 
                missed deadline, submit to the State, the Committee on 
                Environment and Public Works of the Senate, and the 
                Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
                House of Representatives a report that describes why 
                the deadline was missed; and
                    ``(B) not later than 14 days after the date on 
                which a report is submitted under subparagraph (A), 
                make publicly available, including on the internet, a 
                copy of that report.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 3 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``331. Evaluation of projects within an operational right-of-way.''.

SEC. 1310. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION REPORTS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 3 of title 23, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1309(a)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 332. Department of Transportation reports
    ``(a) Definition of Dashboard.--In this section, the term 
`Dashboard' has the meaning given the term in section 41001 of the FAST 
Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m).
    ``(b) Reports.--Not later than January 31 of each year, the 
Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works 
of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives a report with respect to any projects, 
programs, or authorities under this title (other than chapter 4) that 
includes--
            ``(1) for the preceding fiscal year--
                    ``(A) the median time described in subsection 
                (c)(1) posted on the Dashboard for projects described 
                in subsection (c)(2);
                    ``(B) a list of any new categorical exclusions 
                adopted by the Department and listed under section 
                771.117 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                successor regulations); and
                    ``(C) a list of all regulatory requirements that 
                have been removed or reduced and, if available, a 
                summary of the cost savings resulting from the removal 
                or reduction to--
                            ``(i) States;
                            ``(ii) units of Tribal and local 
                        government; and
                            ``(iii) the public; and
            ``(2) for the current fiscal year--
                    ``(A) an estimate or documentation of the median 
                time elapsed between--
                            ``(i) the date of the publication in the 
                        Federal Register of a notice of intent to 
                        prepare an environmental impact statement; and
                            ``(ii) the date of the record of decision 
                        with respect to that environmental impact 
                        statement by the Department; and
                    ``(B) if available, a summary of the cost savings, 
                including cost savings to States, units of Tribal and 
                local government, and the public, resulting from the 
                removal or reduction of regulatory requirements.
    ``(c) Federal Permitting Dashboard.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than January 31 of each year, 
        the Secretary shall provide to the Executive Director of the 
        Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council established 
        under section 41002(a) of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m-1(a)), 
        to make available on the Dashboard, with respect to projects 
        described in paragraph (2), the median time elapsed between--
                    ``(A) the publication in the Federal Register of 
                the notice of intent to prepare an environmental impact 
                statement; and
                    ``(B) the date of issuance of the record of 
                decision with respect to that environmental impact 
                statement by the Department of Transportation.
            ``(2) Projects described.--A project referred to in 
        paragraph (1) is a project for which--
                    ``(A) a record of decision for an environmental 
                impact statement was issued during the preceding fiscal 
                year; and
                    ``(B) the Department of Transportation is a lead 
                agency (as defined in section 139).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 3 of title 23, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1309(b)), is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``332. Department of Transportation reports.''.

                       Subtitle D--Climate Change

SEC. 1401. GRANTS FOR CHARGING AND FUELING INFRASTRUCTURE TO MODERNIZE 
              AND RECONNECT AMERICA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to establish a grant 
program to strategically deploy electric vehicle charging 
infrastructure, hydrogen fueling infrastructure, and natural gas 
fueling infrastructure along designated alternative fuel corridors that 
will be accessible to all drivers of electric vehicles, hydrogen 
vehicles, and natural gas vehicles.
    (b) Grant Program.--Section 151 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Not later than 1 year 
        after the date of enactment of the FAST Act, the Secretary 
        shall'' and inserting ``The Secretary shall periodically'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by inserting ``previously 
        designated by the Federal Highway Administration or'' before 
        ``designated by'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``5 years after the date of 
                establishment of the corridors under subsection (a), 
                and every 5 years thereafter,'' and inserting ``180 
                days after the date of enactment of the America's 
                Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019,''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``establish a recurring process to 
                regularly'' before ``update'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``establishes an 
                        aspirational goal of achieving'' and inserting 
                        ``describes efforts, including through funds 
                        awarded through the grant program under 
                        subsection (f), that will aid efforts to 
                        achieve''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``by the end of fiscal 
                        year 2020.'' and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) summarizes best practices and provides guidance, 
        developed through consultation with the Secretary of Energy, 
        for project development of electric vehicle charging 
        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling infrastructure, and natural 
        gas fueling infrastructure at the State, Tribal, and local 
        level to allow for the predictable deployment of that 
        infrastructure.''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Grant Program.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of the America's Transportation Infrastructure Act 
        of 2019, the Secretary shall establish a grant program to award 
        grants to eligible entities to carry out the activities 
        described in paragraph (5).
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to receive a 
        grant under this subsection is--
                    ``(A) a State or political subdivision of a State;
                    ``(B) a metropolitan planning organization;
                    ``(C) a unit of local government;
                    ``(D) a special purpose district or public 
                authority with a transportation function, including a 
                port authority;
                    ``(E) an Indian tribe (as defined in section 4 of 
                the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance 
                Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                    ``(F) an authority, agency, or instrumentality of, 
                or an entity owned by, 1 or more entities described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (E); or
                    ``(G) a group of entities described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (F).
            ``(3) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under this subsection, an eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary shall require, 
        including--
                    ``(A) a description of how the eligible entity has 
                considered--
                            ``(i) public accessibility of charging or 
                        fueling infrastructure proposed to be funded 
                        with a grant under this subsection, including--
                                    ``(I) charging or fueling connector 
                                types and publicly available 
                                information on real-time availability; 
                                and
                                    ``(II) payment methods to ensure 
                                secure, convenient, fair, and equal 
                                access;
                            ``(ii) collaborative engagement with 
                        stakeholders (including automobile 
                        manufacturers, utilities, infrastructure 
                        providers, technology providers, electric 
                        charging, hydrogen, and natural gas fuel 
                        providers, metropolitan planning organizations, 
                        States, Indian tribes, and units of local 
                        governments, fleet owners, fleet managers, fuel 
                        station owners and operators, labor 
                        organizations, infrastructure construction and 
                        component parts suppliers, and multi-State and 
                        regional entities)--
                                    ``(I) to foster enhanced, 
                                coordinated, public-private or private 
                                investment in electric vehicle charging 
                                infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                                infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                                infrastructure;
                                    ``(II) to expand deployment of 
                                electric vehicle charging 
                                infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                                infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                                infrastructure;
                                    ``(III) to protect personal privacy 
                                and ensure cybersecurity; and
                                    ``(IV) to ensure that a properly 
                                trained workforce is available to 
                                construct and install electric vehicle 
                                charging infrastructure, hydrogen 
                                fueling infrastructure, or natural gas 
                                fueling infrastructure;
                            ``(iii) the location of the station or 
                        fueling site, such as consideration of--
                                    ``(I) the availability of onsite 
                                amenities for vehicle operators, such 
                                as restrooms or food facilities;
                                    ``(II) access in compliance with 
                                the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                                1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.);
                                    ``(III) height and fueling capacity 
                                requirements for facilities that charge 
                                or refuel large vehicles, such as semi-
                                trailer trucks; and
                                    ``(IV) appropriate distribution to 
                                avoid redundancy and fill charging or 
                                fueling gaps;
                            ``(iv) infrastructure installation that can 
                        be responsive to technology advancements, such 
                        as accommodating autonomous vehicles and future 
                        charging methods; and
                            ``(v) the long-term operation and 
                        maintenance of the electric vehicle charging 
                        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                        infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                        infrastructure, to avoid stranded assets and 
                        protect the investment of public funds in that 
                        infrastructure; and
                    ``(B) an assessment of the estimated emissions that 
                will be reduced through the use of electric vehicle 
                charging infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                infrastructure, or natural gas fueling infrastructure, 
                which shall be conducted using the Alternative Fuel 
                Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation 
                (AFLEET) tool developed by Argonne National Laboratory 
                (or a successor tool).
            ``(4) Considerations.--In selecting eligible entities to 
        receive a grant under this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) consider the extent to which the application 
                of the eligible entity would--
                            ``(i) improve alternative fueling corridor 
                        networks by--
                                    ``(I) converting corridor-pending 
                                corridors to corridor-ready corridors; 
                                or
                                    ``(II) in the case of corridor-
                                ready corridors, providing redundancy--
                                            ``(aa) to meet excess 
                                        demand for charging or fueling 
                                        infrastructure; or
                                            ``(bb) to reduce congestion 
                                        at existing charging or fueling 
                                        infrastructure in high-traffic 
                                        locations;
                            ``(ii) meet current or anticipated market 
                        demands for charging or fueling infrastructure;
                            ``(iii) enable or accelerate the 
                        construction of charging or fueling 
                        infrastructure that would be unlikely to be 
                        completed without Federal assistance; and
                            ``(iv) support a long-term competitive 
                        market for electric vehicle charging 
                        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                        infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                        infrastructure that does not significantly 
                        impair existing electric vehicle charging 
                        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                        infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                        infrastructure providers;
                    ``(B) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                geographic diversity among grant recipients to ensure 
                that electric vehicle charging infrastructure, hydrogen 
                fueling infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                infrastructure is available throughout the United 
                States;
                    ``(C) consider whether the private entity that the 
                eligible entity contracts with under paragraph (5)--
                            ``(i) submits to the Secretary the most 
                        recent year of audited financial statements; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) has experience in installing and 
                        operating electric vehicle charging 
                        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                        infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                        infrastructure; and
                    ``(D) consider whether, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, the eligible entity and the private entity 
                that the eligible entity contracts with under paragraph 
                (5) enter into an agreement--
                            ``(i) to operate and maintain publicly 
                        available electric vehicle charging 
                        infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                        infrastructure, or natural gas infrastructure; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) that provides a remedy and an 
                        opportunity to cure if the requirements 
                        described in clause (i) are not met.
            ``(5) Use of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--An eligible entity receiving a 
                grant under this subsection shall only use the funds in 
                accordance with this paragraph to contract with a 
                private entity for acquisition and installation of 
                publicly accessible electric vehicle charging 
                infrastructure, hydrogen fueling infrastructure, or 
                natural gas fueling infrastructure that is directly 
                related to the charging or fueling of a vehicle.
                    ``(B) Location of infrastructure.--Any electric 
                vehicle charging infrastructure, hydrogen fueling 
                infrastructure, or natural gas fueling infrastructure 
                acquired and installed with a grant under this 
                subsection shall be located along an alternative fuel 
                corridor designated--
                            ``(i) under this section, on the condition 
                        that any affected Indian tribes are consulted 
                        before the designation; or
                            ``(ii) by a State or group of States, such 
                        as the Regional Electric Vehicle West Plan of 
                        the States of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, 
                        Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, 
                        on the condition that any affected Indian 
                        tribes are consulted before the designation.
                    ``(C) Operating assistance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clauses (ii) 
                        and (iii), an eligible entity that receives a 
                        grant under this subsection may use a portion 
                        of the funds to provide to a private entity 
                        operating assistance for the first 5 years of 
                        operations after the installation of electric 
                        vehicle charging infrastructure, hydrogen 
                        fueling infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                        infrastructure while the facility transitions 
                        to independent system operations.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--Operating assistance 
                        under this subparagraph shall be limited to 
                        costs allocable to operating and maintaining 
                        the electric vehicle charging infrastructure, 
                        hydrogen fueling infrastructure, or natural gas 
                        fueling infrastructure and service, including 
                        costs associated with labor, marketing, and 
                        administrative costs.
                            ``(iii) Limitation.--Operating assistance 
                        under this subparagraph may not exceed the 
                        amount of a contract under subparagraph (A) to 
                        acquire and install publicly accessible 
                        electric vehicle charging infrastructure, 
                        hydrogen fueling infrastructure, or natural gas 
                        fueling infrastructure.
                    ``(D) Signs.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to this 
                        paragraph and paragraph (6)(B), an eligible 
                        entity that receives a grant under this 
                        subsection may use a portion of the funds to 
                        acquire and install--
                                    ``(I) traffic control devices 
                                located in the right-of-way to provide 
                                directional information to electric 
                                vehicle charging infrastructure, 
                                hydrogen fueling infrastructure, or 
                                natural gas fueling infrastructure 
                                acquired, installed, or operated with 
                                the grant; and
                                    ``(II) on-premises signs to provide 
                                information about electric vehicle 
                                charging infrastructure, hydrogen 
                                fueling infrastructure, or natural gas 
                                fueling infrastructure acquired, 
                                installed, or operated with a grant 
                                under this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Applicability.--Clause (i) shall 
                        apply only to an eligible entity that--
                                    ``(I) receives a grant under this 
                                subsection; and
                                    ``(II) is using that grant for the 
                                acquisition and installation of 
                                publicly accessible electric vehicle 
                                charging infrastructure, hydrogen 
                                fueling infrastructure, or natural gas 
                                fueling infrastructure.
                            ``(iii) Limitation on amount.--The amount 
                        of funds used to acquire and install traffic 
                        control devices and on-premises signs under 
                        clause (i) may not exceed the amount of a 
                        contract under subparagraph (A) to acquire and 
                        install publicly accessible charging or fueling 
                        infrastructure.
                            ``(iv) No new authority created.--Nothing 
                        in this subparagraph authorizes an eligible 
                        entity that receives a grant under this 
                        subsection to acquire and install traffic 
                        control devices or on-premises signs if the 
                        entity is not otherwise authorized to do so.
                    ``(E) Revenue.--An eligible entity receiving a 
                grant under this subsection and a private entity 
                referred to in subparagraph (A) may enter into a cost-
                sharing agreement under which the private entity 
                submits to the eligible entity a portion of the revenue 
                from the electric vehicle charging infrastructure, 
                hydrogen fueling infrastructure, or natural gas fueling 
                infrastructure.
            ``(6) Project requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, any project funded by a grant under 
                this subsection shall be treated as a project on a 
                Federal-aid highway under this chapter.
                    ``(B) Signs.--Any traffic control device or on-
                premises sign acquired, installed, or operated with a 
                grant under this subsection shall comply with--
                            ``(i) the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control 
                        Devices, if located in the right-of-way; and
                            ``(ii) other provisions of Federal, State, 
                        and local law, as applicable.
            ``(7) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Federal share of the cost of 
                a project carried out with a grant under this 
                subsection shall not exceed 80 percent of the total 
                project cost.
                    ``(B) Responsibility of private entity.--As a 
                condition of contracting with an eligible entity under 
                paragraph (5), a private entity shall agree to pay the 
                share of the cost of a project carried out with a grant 
                under this subsection that is not paid by the Federal 
                Government under subparagraph (A).
            ``(8) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives and make publicly available a report on the 
        progress and implementation of this subsection.''.

SEC. 1402. REDUCTION OF TRUCK EMISSIONS AT PORT FACILITIES.

    (a) Establishment of Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
        reduce idling at port facilities, under which the Secretary 
        shall--
                    (A) study how ports and intermodal port transfer 
                facilities would benefit from increased opportunities 
                to reduce emissions at ports, including through the 
                electrification of port operations;
                    (B) study emerging technologies and strategies that 
                may help reduce port-related emissions from idling 
                trucks; and
                    (C) coordinate and provide funding to test, 
                evaluate, and deploy projects that reduce port-related 
                emissions from idling trucks, including through the 
                advancement of port electrification and improvements in 
                efficiency, focusing on port operations, including 
                heavy-duty commercial vehicles, and other related 
                projects.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary may consult with the Secretary of 
        Energy and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency.
    (b) Grants.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(C), the 
        Secretary shall award grants to fund projects that reduce 
        emissions at ports, including through the advancement of port 
        electrification.
            (2) Cost share.--A grant awarded under paragraph (1) shall 
        not exceed 80 percent of the total cost of the project funded 
        by the grant.
            (3) Coordination.--In carrying out the grant program under 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) to the maximum extent practicable, leverage 
                existing resources and programs of the Department and 
                other relevant Federal agencies; and
                    (B) coordinate with other Federal agencies, as the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            (4) Application; selection.--
                    (A) Application.--The Secretary shall solicit 
                applications for grants under paragraph (1) at such 
                time, in such manner, and containing such information 
                as the Secretary determines to be necessary.
                    (B) Selection.--The Secretary shall make grants 
                under paragraph (1) by not later than April 1 of each 
                fiscal year for which funding is made available.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which all of 
the projects funded with a grant under subsection (b) are completed, 
the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
            (1) the findings of the studies described in subparagraphs 
        (A) and (B) of subsection (a)(1);
            (2) the results of the projects that received a grant under 
        subsection (b);
            (3) any recommendations for workforce development and 
        training opportunities with respect to port electrification; 
        and
            (4) any policy recommendations based on the findings and 
        results described in paragraphs (1) and (2).

SEC. 1403. CARBON REDUCTION INCENTIVE PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1203(a)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 177. Formula carbon reduction incentive program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Metropolitan planning organization; urbanized area.--
        The terms `metropolitan planning organization' and `urbanized 
        area' have the meaning given those terms in section 134(b).
            ``(2) Transportation emissions.--The term `transportation 
        emissions' means carbon dioxide emissions from on-road highway 
        sources of those emissions within a State.
            ``(3) Transportation management area.--The term 
        `transportation management area' means a transportation 
        management area identified or designated by the Secretary under 
        section 134(k)(1).
    ``(b) Formula Carbon Reduction Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary 
        shall distribute among the States the amounts made available to 
        carry out this section for that fiscal year in accordance with 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Distribution.--The amount for each State shall be 
        determined by multiplying the total amount made available to 
        carry out this section for the applicable fiscal year by the 
        ratio that--
                    ``(A) the total base apportionment for the State 
                under section 104(c); bears to
                    ``(B) the total base apportionments for all States 
                under section 104(c).
    ``(c) Emissions Reduction Supplemental.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State shall use 50 percent of the 
        amount distributed to the State under subsection (b) for each 
        fiscal year to carry out activities under paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Eligible activities.--Subject to paragraph (3), a 
        State and any metropolitan planning organization that is 
        required to obligate funds in accordance with subsection (e) 
        shall use the funds under paragraph (1) for activities designed 
        to reduce transportation emissions, including--
                    ``(A) a project described in paragraph (4), (5), 
                (7), or (8) of subsection (b) of section 149 or 
                subsection (c)(2) of that section, regardless of 
                whether the project--
                            ``(i) is located in an area designated as a 
                        nonattainment or maintenance area, as described 
                        in section 149(b); or
                            ``(ii) is likely to contribute to the 
                        attainment or maintenance in the area of a 
                        national ambient air quality standard;
                    ``(B) a project that is eligible for assistance 
                under section 142;
                    ``(C) a project for the provision of facilities for 
                pedestrians and bicyclists (including the conversion 
                and use of rail corridors for pedestrian and bike 
                trails);
                    ``(D) a project that is described in section 
                503(c)(4)(E);
                    ``(E) a project to reduce emissions from port-
                related equipment and vehicles;
                    ``(F) a project to replace street lighting and 
                traffic control devices with energy efficient 
                alternatives; and
                    ``(G) the development of a carbon reduction 
                strategy under subsection (d)(1)(A).
            ``(3) Limitation.--No funds provided under paragraph (1) 
        may be used for a project that will result in the construction 
        of new capacity available to single-occupant vehicles.
            ``(4) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out with funds under paragraph (1) shall be 
        determined in accordance with section 120.
    ``(d) Carbon Reduction Strategy Planning Incentive.--
            ``(1) Carbon reduction strategy.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State may, in consultation 
                with a metropolitan planning organization within the 
                State, develop a carbon reduction strategy.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--If a State develops a carbon 
                reduction strategy under subparagraph (A), the carbon 
                reduction strategy shall--
                            ``(i) identify projects and strategies to 
                        reduce transportation emissions, which may 
                        include projects and strategies for safe, 
                        reliable, and cost-effective options--
                                    ``(I) to reduce traffic congestion 
                                on Federal-aid highways located within 
                                the State or the area served by the 
                                metropolitan planning organization, as 
                                applicable;
                                    ``(II) to facilitate the use of 
                                alternatives to single-occupant vehicle 
                                trips, including public transportation 
                                facilities, pedestrian facilities, 
                                bicycle facilities, and shared or 
                                pooled vehicle trips within the State 
                                or an area served by the metropolitan 
                                planning organization, if any;
                                    ``(III) to facilitate the use of 
                                vehicles or modes of travel that result 
                                in lower transportation emissions per 
                                person-mile traveled; and
                                    ``(IV) to facilitate approaches to 
                                transportation asset construction and 
                                maintenance that result in lower 
                                transportation emissions;
                            ``(ii) set targets for the reduction of 
                        transportation emissions and implementation of 
                        the projects and strategies identified under 
                        clause (i);
                            ``(iii) be appropriate to the population 
                        density and context of the State, including a 
                        metropolitan planning organization within the 
                        State, if any;
                            ``(iv) provide a reasonable opportunity for 
                        participation and review by interested parties 
                        within the State;
                            ``(v) be updated not less frequently than 
                        once every 3 years; and
                            ``(vi) be reviewed and certified by the 
                        Secretary to have met the requirements of this 
                        subparagraph.
            ``(2) Carbon reduction strategy planning incentive.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State shall use 50 percent of 
                the amounts made available to the State under 
                subsection (b) for each fiscal year for the eligible 
                activities under subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Eligible activities.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A State and any 
                        metropolitan planning organization in the State 
                        that is required to obligate funds in 
                        accordance with subsection (e) may use the 
                        funds under subparagraph (A) for a project or 
                        strategy described in subsection (c)(2).
                            ``(ii) Additional eligibility incentive.--
                        In addition to the eligible activities under 
                        clause (i), a State and any metropolitan 
                        planning organization in the State that is 
                        required to obligate funds in accordance with 
                        subsection (e) may use the funds under 
                        subparagraph (A) for a project eligible under 
                        section 133(b) if--
                                    ``(I) the State has, within the 
                                fiscal year prior to the fiscal year in 
                                which the Secretary is making the grant 
                                or by a deadline established by the 
                                Secretary in the fiscal year in which 
                                the Secretary is making the grant, 
                                developed a carbon reduction strategy 
                                under paragraph (1)(A) that has been 
                                approved by the Secretary under clause 
                                (vi) of that paragraph; or
                                    ``(II) the State or metropolitan 
                                planning organization has, within the 4 
                                fiscal years prior to the fiscal year 
                                in which the Secretary is making the 
                                grant or by a deadline established by 
                                the Secretary in the fiscal year in 
                                which the Secretary is making the 
                                grant, incorporated a carbon reduction 
                                strategy under paragraph (1)(A) into--
                                            ``(aa) a long-range 
                                        transportation plan developed 
                                        by the metropolitan planning 
                                        organization under section 
                                        134(c), if any; and
                                            ``(bb) the long-range 
                                        statewide transportation plan 
                                        developed by the State under 
                                        section 135(f)(1).
                    ``(C) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost 
                of a project carried out using funds under subparagraph 
                (A) shall be--
                            ``(i) in the case of a State or 
                        metropolitan planning organization within a 
                        State that meets the requirements under 
                        subparagraph (B)(ii), up to 100 percent, at the 
                        discretion of the State; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of a State or 
                        metropolitan planning organization within a 
                        State that is not described in clause (i), 
                        determined in accordance with section 120.
    ``(e) Suballocation Requirements.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each fiscal year, of the funds made 
        available to a State under subsections (c) and (d)--
                    ``(A) 65 percent of each amount shall be obligated, 
                in proportion to their relative shares of the 
                population of the State--
                            ``(i) in urbanized areas of the State with 
                        an urbanized area population of over 200,000; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) in other areas of the State; and
                    ``(B) the remainder may be obligated in any area of 
                the State.
            ``(2) Metropolitan areas.--Funds attributed to an urbanized 
        area under paragraph (1)(A)(i) may be obligated in the 
        metropolitan area established under section 134 that 
        encompasses the urbanized area.
            ``(3) Distribution among urbanized areas of over 200,000 
        population.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), the amount that a State is required 
                to obligate under paragraph (1)(A)(i) shall be 
                obligated in urbanized areas described in paragraph 
                (1)(A)(i) based on the relative population of the 
                areas.
                    ``(B) Other factors.--The State may obligate the 
                funds described in subparagraph (A) based on other 
                factors if--
                            ``(i) the State and the relevant 
                        metropolitan planning organizations jointly 
                        apply to the Secretary for the permission to 
                        base the obligation on other factors; and
                            ``(ii) the Secretary grants the request.
            ``(4) Consultation in urbanized areas.--Before obligating 
        funds for an eligible activity under subsection (c) or (d) in 
        an urbanized area that is not a transportation management area, 
        a State shall consult with any metropolitan planning 
        organization that represents the urbanized area prior to 
        determining which activities should be carried out.
            ``(5) Consultation in rural areas.--Before obligating funds 
        for an eligible activity under subsection (c) or (d) in a rural 
        area, a State shall consult with any regional transportation 
        planning organization or metropolitan planning organization 
        that represents the rural area prior to determining which 
        activities should be carried out.
``Sec. 178. Carbon reduction performance program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Metropolitan planning organization; urbanized area.--
        The terms `metropolitan planning organization' and `urbanized 
        area' have the meaning given those terms in section 134(b).
            ``(2) Qualifying state.--The term `qualifying State' means 
        a State in which--
                    ``(A) the average annual transportation emissions 
                within the State has grown more slowly or declined 
                during the most recent 2-calendar-year period for which 
                data are available for transportation emissions at the 
                time the Secretary is making the grant under this 
                section, as compared to the 2-calendar-year period that 
                immediately precedes that period; or
                    ``(B) the average annual transportation emissions 
                within the State, as estimated on a per capita basis, 
                has grown more slowly or declined during the most 
                recent 2-calendar-year period for which data are 
                available for transportation emissions at the time the 
                Secretary is making the grant under this section, as 
                compared to the 2-calendar-year period that immediately 
                precedes that period.
            ``(3) Qualifying unit of local government.--The term 
        `qualifying unit of local government' means a unit of local 
        government in an urbanized area served by a metropolitan 
        planning organization, in which--
                    ``(A) the average annual transportation emissions 
                within the urbanized area has grown more slowly or 
                declined during the most recent 2-calendar-year period 
                for which data are available for transportation 
                emissions at the time the Secretary is making the grant 
                under this section, as compared to the 2-calendar-year 
                period that immediately precedes that period; or
                    ``(B) the average annual transportation emissions 
                within the urbanized area, as estimated on a per capita 
                basis, has grown more slowly or declined during the 
                most recent 2-calendar-year period for which data are 
                available for transportation emissions at the time the 
                Secretary is making the grant under this section, as 
                compared to the 2-calendar-year period that immediately 
                precedes that period.
            ``(4) Transportation emissions.--The term `transportation 
        emissions' has the meaning given the term in section 177(a).
    ``(b) Carbon Reduction Performance and Planning Recognition 
Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        competitive grant program to award grants to eligible entities 
        in recognition of the achievement of the eligible entity in 
        meeting the performance categories described in paragraph 
        (3)(A).
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--The Secretary shall distribute 
        amounts under paragraph (1) to any of the following:
                    ``(A) A qualifying State.
                    ``(B) A qualifying unit of local government.
            ``(3) Performance categories.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall select 
                eligible entities to receive a grant under paragraph 
                (1) to recognize the achievement of the eligible entity 
                in meeting any of the following performance categories:
                            ``(i) A significant reduction in 
                        transportation emissions, as estimated on a per 
                        unit of economic output basis.
                            ``(ii) A significant reduction in 
                        transportation emissions, as estimated on a per 
                        capita basis.
                            ``(iii) Transportation emissions, as 
                        estimated on a per unit of economic output 
                        basis, that are among the lowest of 
                        jurisdictions with comparable population and 
                        surface transportation system characteristics.
                            ``(iv) Transportation emissions, as 
                        estimated on a per capita basis, that are among 
                        the lowest of jurisdictions with comparable 
                        population and surface transportation system 
                        characteristics.
                            ``(v) Innovative planning efforts and the 
                        implementation of a carbon reduction strategy 
                        under section 177(d)(1)(A) or plans that lead 
                        to a reduction in transportation emissions.
                    ``(B) Merit based distribution.--In selecting among 
                eligible entities to receive grants under paragraph (1) 
                and the amount of each of those grants, the Secretary 
                shall give priority to eligible entities that have 
                achieved the most significant levels of reductions of 
                transportation emissions, as estimated on either a per 
                unit of economic basis or on a per capita basis.
                    ``(C) Multiple awards.--The Secretary may--
                            ``(i) award a grant under paragraph (1) to 
                        multiple eligible entities for each performance 
                        category described in subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(ii) recognize achievements in each 
                        performance category described in subparagraph 
                        (A)--
                                    ``(I) in urban and rural areas; and
                                    ``(II) on the State and local 
                                level.
                    ``(D) Repeat awards.--The Secretary may not award a 
                grant under this subsection to the same eligible entity 
                more than once in a 2-year period.
            ``(4) Award amount.--A grant under paragraph (1) shall be 
        in an amount--
                    ``(A) not less than $5,000,000; and
                    ``(B) not more than $30,000,000.
            ``(5) Eligible uses.--An eligible entity may use a grant 
        under paragraph (1) for--
                    ``(A) an activity eligible under this title; and
                    ``(B) a project--
                            ``(i) to maintain the condition of a 
                        Federal-aid highway, including routine 
                        maintenance; or
                            ``(ii) that--
                                    ``(I) responds to a specific 
                                condition or event; and
                                    ``(II) restores a Federal-aid 
                                highway to a functional state of 
                                operations.
            ``(6) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant 
        under paragraph (1), an eligible entity shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(7) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
        project carried out using a grant under paragraph (1) shall be, 
        as determined at the discretion of the grant recipient, up to 
        100 percent.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1203(b)), is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 176 the following:

``177. Formula carbon reduction incentive program.
``178. Carbon reduction performance program.''.

SEC. 1404. CONGESTION RELIEF PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 129 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Congestion Relief Program.--
            ``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
                means--
                            ``(i) a State, for the purpose of carrying 
                        out a project in an urbanized area with a 
                        population of more than 1,000,000; and
                            ``(ii) a metropolitan planning 
                        organization, city, or municipality, for the 
                        purpose of carrying out a project in an 
                        urbanized area with a population of more than 
                        1,000,000.
                    ``(B) Integrated congestion management system.--The 
                term `integrated congestion management system' means a 
                system for the integration of management and operations 
                of a regional transportation system that includes, at a 
                minimum, traffic incident management, work zone 
                management, traffic signal timing, managed lanes, real-
                time traveler information, and active traffic 
                management, in order to maximize the capacity of all 
                facilities and modes across the applicable region.
                    ``(C) Program.--The term `program' means the 
                congestion relief program established under paragraph 
                (2).
            ``(2) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        congestion relief program to provide discretionary grants to 
        eligible entities to advance innovative, integrated, and 
        multimodal solutions to congestion relief in the most congested 
        metropolitan areas of the United States.
            ``(3) Program goals.--The goals of the program are to 
        reduce highway congestion, reduce economic and environmental 
        costs associated with that congestion, including transportation 
        emissions, and optimize existing highway capacity and usage of 
        highway and transit systems through--
                    ``(A) improving intermodal integration with 
                highways, highway operations, and highway performance;
                    ``(B) reducing or shifting highway users to off-
                peak travel times or to nonhighway travel modes during 
                peak travel times; and
                    ``(C) pricing of, or based on, as applicable--
                            ``(i) parking;
                            ``(ii) use of roadways, including in 
                        designated geographic zones; or
                            ``(iii) congestion.
            ``(4) Eligible projects.--Funds from a grant under the 
        program may be used for a project or an integrated collection 
        of projects, including planning, design, implementation, and 
        construction activities, to achieve the program goals under 
        paragraph (3), including--
                    ``(A) deployment and operation of an integrated 
                congestion management system;
                    ``(B) deployment and operation of a system that 
                implements or enforces high occupancy vehicle toll 
                lanes, cordon pricing, parking pricing, or congestion 
                pricing;
                    ``(C) deployment and operation of mobility 
                services, including establishing account-based 
                financial systems, commuter buses, commuter vans, 
                express operations, paratransit, and on-demand 
                microtransit; and
                    ``(D) incentive programs that encourage travelers 
                to carpool, use nonhighway travel modes during peak 
                period, or travel during nonpeak periods.
            ``(5) Application; selection.--
                    ``(A) Application.--To be eligible to receive a 
                grant under the program, an eligible entity shall 
                submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in 
                such manner, and containing such information as the 
                Secretary may require.
                    ``(B) Priority.--In providing grants under the 
                program, the Secretary shall give priority to projects 
                in urbanized areas that are experiencing a high degree 
                of recurrent congestion.
                    ``(C) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost 
                of a project carried out with a grant under the program 
                shall not exceed 80 percent of the total project cost.
                    ``(D) Minimum award.--A grant provided under the 
                program shall be not less than $10,000,000.
            ``(6) Use of tolling.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection 
                (a)(1) and section 301 and subject to subparagraphs (B) 
                and (C), the Secretary shall allow the use of tolls on 
                the Interstate System as part of a project carried out 
                with a grant under the program.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The Secretary may only approve 
                the use of tolls under subparagraph (A) if--
                            ``(i) the eligible entity has authority 
                        under State, and if applicable, local, law to 
                        assess the applicable toll;
                            ``(ii) the maximum toll rate for any 
                        vehicle class is not greater than the product 
                        obtained by multiplying--
                                    ``(I) the toll rate for any other 
                                vehicle class; and
                                    ``(II) 5;
                            ``(iii) the toll rates are not charged or 
                        varied on the basis of State residency;
                            ``(iv) the Secretary determines that the 
                        use of tolls will enable the eligible entity to 
                        achieve the program goals under paragraph (3) 
                        without a significant impact to safety or 
                        mobility within the urbanized area in which the 
                        project is located; and
                            ``(v) the use of toll revenues complies 
                        with subsection (a)(3).
                    ``(C) Limitation.--The Secretary may not approve 
                the use of tolls on the Interstate System under the 
                program in more than 10 urbanized areas.
            ``(7) Financial effects on low-income drivers.--A project 
        under the program--
                    ``(A) shall include, if appropriate, an analysis of 
                the potential effects of the project on low-income 
                drivers; and
                    ``(B) may include mitigation measures to deal with 
                any potential adverse financial effects on low-income 
                drivers.''.
    (b) High Occupancy Vehicle Use of Certain Toll Facilities.--Section 
129(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (11); and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) High occupancy vehicle use of certain toll 
        facilities.--Notwithstanding section 102(a), in the case of a 
        toll facility that is on the Interstate System and that is 
        constructed or converted after the date of enactment of the 
        America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019, the public 
        authority with jurisdiction over the toll facility shall allow 
        high occupancy vehicles, transit, and paratransit vehicles to 
        use the facility at a discount rate or without charge, unless 
        the public authority, in consultation with the Secretary, 
        determines that the number of those vehicles using the facility 
        reduces the travel time reliability of the facility.''.

SEC. 1405. FREIGHT PLANS.

    (a) National and State Freight Plans.--
            (1) National freight strategic plan.--Section 70102(b) of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (11), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(12) possible strategies to increase resiliency, 
        including the ability to anticipate, prepare for, or adapt to 
        conditions, or withstand, respond to, or recover rapidly from 
        disruptions, including extreme weather and natural disasters;
            ``(13) strategies to promote United States economic growth 
        and international competitiveness; and
            ``(14) strategies to reduce local air pollution, water 
        runoff, and wildlife habitat loss.''.
            (2) State freight plans.--Section 70202 of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraph (10) as 
                        paragraph (13); and
                            (iii) by inserting after paragraph (9) the 
                        following:
            ``(10) the most recent commercial motor vehicle parking 
        facilities assessment conducted under subsection (f);
            ``(11) strategies and goals to decrease--
                    ``(A) the severity of impacts of extreme weather 
                and natural disasters;
                    ``(B) local air pollution;
                    ``(C) flooding, water runoff, and other adverse 
                water impacts; and
                    ``(D) wildlife habitat loss;
            ``(12) strategies and goals to decrease the adverse impact 
        of freight transportation on communities traversed by freight 
        railroads; and'';
                    (B) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection 
                (h); and
                    (C) by inserting after subsection (d) the 
                following:
    ``(e) Priority.--Each State freight plan under this section shall 
include a requirement that the State, in carrying out activities under 
the State freight plan--
            ``(1) enhance reliability or redundancy; or
            ``(2) incorporate the ability to rapidly restore access and 
        reliability.
    ``(f) Commercial Motor Vehicle Parking Facilities Assessments.--As 
part of the development or updating, as applicable, of the State 
freight plan under this section, each State that receives funding under 
section 167 of title 23, in consultation with relevant State motor 
carrier safety personnel, shall conduct an assessment of--
            ``(1) the capability of the State, together with the 
        private sector in the State, to provide adequate parking 
        facilities and rest facilities for commercial motor vehicles 
        engaged in interstate transportation;
            ``(2) the volume of commercial motor vehicle traffic in the 
        State; and
            ``(3) whether there are any areas within the State that 
        have a shortage of adequate commercial motor vehicle parking 
        facilities, including an analysis (economic or otherwise, as 
        the State determines to be appropriate) of the underlying 
        causes of any such shortages.
    ``(g) Approval.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        approve a State freight plan described in subsection (a) if the 
        plan achieves compliance with the requirements of this section.
            ``(2) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection 
        establishes new procedural requirements for the approval of a 
        State freight plan described in subsection (a).''.
    (b) Studies.--For the purpose of facilitating the integration of 
freight transportation into an intelligent transportation system 
network powered by electricity, the Secretary, acting through the 
Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall conduct 2 or 
more appropriate studies relating to--
            (1) preparing to supply power to applicable electrical 
        freight infrastructure; and
            (2) safely integrating freight into a smart vehicle world.

SEC. 1406. UTILIZING SIGNIFICANT EMISSIONS WITH INNOVATIVE 
              TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) Research, Investigation, Training, and Other Activities.--
Section 103 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7403) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(3), in the first sentence of the 
        matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``percursors'' 
        and inserting ``precursors''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as 
                subparagraphs (A) through (D), respectively, and 
                indenting appropriately;
                    (B) in the undesignated matter following 
                subparagraph (D) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) in the second sentence, by striking 
                        ``The Administrator'' and inserting the 
                        following:
            ``(5) Coordination and avoidance of duplication.--The 
        Administrator''; and
                            (ii) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``Nothing'' and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Effect of subsection.--Nothing'';
                    (C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so 
                redesignated)--
                            (i) in the third sentence, by striking 
                        ``Such program'' and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Program inclusions.--The program under this 
        subsection'';
                            (ii) in the second sentence--
                                    (I) by inserting ``States, 
                                institutions of higher education,'' 
                                after ``scientists,''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Such strategies 
                                and technologies shall be developed'' 
                                and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Participation requirement.--Such strategies and 
        technologies described in paragraph (1) shall be developed''; 
        and
                            (iii) in the first sentence, by striking 
                        ``In carrying out'' and inserting the 
                        following:
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Certain carbon dioxide activities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out paragraph (3)(A) 
                with respect to carbon dioxide, the Administrator shall 
                carry out the activities described in each of 
                subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E).
                    ``(B) Direct air capture research.--
                            ``(i) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
                                    ``(I) Board.--The term `Board' 
                                means the Direct Air Capture Technology 
                                Advisory Board established by clause 
                                (iii)(I).
                                    ``(II) Dilute.--The term `dilute' 
                                means a concentration of less than 1 
                                percent by volume.
                                    ``(III) Direct air capture.--
                                            ``(aa) In general.--The 
                                        term `direct air capture', with 
                                        respect to a facility, 
                                        technology, or system, means 
                                        that the facility, technology, 
                                        or system uses carbon capture 
                                        equipment to capture carbon 
                                        dioxide directly from the air.
                                            ``(bb) Exclusion.--The term 
                                        `direct air capture' does not 
                                        include any facility, 
                                        technology, or system that 
                                        captures carbon dioxide--

                                                    ``(AA) that is 
                                                deliberately released 
                                                from a naturally 
                                                occurring subsurface 
                                                spring; or

                                                    ``(BB) using 
                                                natural photosynthesis.

                                    ``(IV) Intellectual property.--The 
                                term `intellectual property' means--
                                            ``(aa) an invention that is 
                                        patentable under title 35, 
                                        United States Code; and
                                            ``(bb) any patent on an 
                                        invention described in item 
                                        (aa).
                            ``(ii) Technology prizes.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 1 
                                year after the date of enactment of the 
                                America's Transportation Infrastructure 
                                Act of 2019, the Administrator, in 
                                consultation with the Secretary of 
                                Energy, shall establish a program to 
                                provide, and shall provide, financial 
                                awards on a competitive basis for 
                                direct air capture from media in which 
                                the concentration of carbon dioxide is 
                                dilute.
                                    ``(II) Duties.--In carrying out 
                                this clause, the Administrator shall--
                                            ``(aa) subject to subclause 
                                        (III), develop specific 
                                        requirements for--

                                                    ``(AA) the 
                                                competition process; 
                                                and

                                                    ``(BB) the 
                                                demonstration of 
                                                performance of approved 
                                                projects;

                                            ``(bb) offer financial 
                                        awards for a project designed--

                                                    ``(AA) to the 
                                                maximum extent 
                                                practicable, to capture 
                                                more than 10,000 tons 
                                                of carbon dioxide per 
                                                year; and

                                                    ``(BB) to operate 
                                                in a manner that would 
                                                be commercially viable 
                                                in the foreseeable 
                                                future (as determined 
                                                by the Board); and

                                            ``(cc) to the maximum 
                                        extent practicable, make 
                                        financial awards to 
                                        geographically diverse 
                                        projects, including at least--

                                                    ``(AA) 1 project in 
                                                a coastal State; and

                                                    ``(BB) 1 project in 
                                                a rural State.

                                    ``(III) Public participation.--In 
                                carrying out subclause (II)(aa), the 
                                Administrator shall--
                                            ``(aa) provide notice of 
                                        and, for a period of not less 
                                        than 60 days, an opportunity 
                                        for public comment on, any 
                                        draft or proposed version of 
                                        the requirements described in 
                                        subclause (II)(aa); and
                                            ``(bb) take into account 
                                        public comments received in 
                                        developing the final version of 
                                        those requirements.
                            ``(iii) Direct air capture technology 
                        advisory board.--
                                    ``(I) Establishment.--There is 
                                established an advisory board to be 
                                known as the `Direct Air Capture 
                                Technology Advisory Board'.
                                    ``(II) Composition.--The Board 
                                shall be composed of 9 members 
                                appointed by the Administrator, who 
                                shall provide expertise in--
                                            ``(aa) climate science;
                                            ``(bb) physics;
                                            ``(cc) chemistry;
                                            ``(dd) biology;
                                            ``(ee) engineering;
                                            ``(ff) economics;
                                            ``(gg) business management; 
                                        and
                                            ``(hh) such other 
                                        disciplines as the 
                                        Administrator determines to be 
                                        necessary to achieve the 
                                        purposes of this subparagraph.
                                    ``(III) Term; vacancies.--
                                            ``(aa) Term.--A member of 
                                        the Board shall serve for a 
                                        term of 6 years.
                                            ``(bb) Vacancies.--A 
                                        vacancy on the Board--

                                                    ``(AA) shall not 
                                                affect the powers of 
                                                the Board; and

                                                    ``(BB) shall be 
                                                filled in the same 
                                                manner as the original 
                                                appointment was made.

                                    ``(IV) Initial meeting.--Not later 
                                than 30 days after the date on which 
                                all members of the Board have been 
                                appointed, the Board shall hold the 
                                initial meeting of the Board.
                                    ``(V) Meetings.--The Board shall 
                                meet at the call of the Chairperson or 
                                on the request of the Administrator.
                                    ``(VI) Quorum.--A majority of the 
                                members of the Board shall constitute a 
                                quorum, but a lesser number of members 
                                may hold hearings.
                                    ``(VII) Chairperson and vice 
                                chairperson.--The Board shall select a 
                                Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from 
                                among the members of the Board.
                                    ``(VIII) Compensation.--Each member 
                                of the Board may be compensated at not 
                                to exceed the daily equivalent of the 
                                annual rate of basic pay in effect for 
                                a position at level V of the Executive 
                                Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, 
                                United States Code, for each day during 
                                which the member is engaged in the 
                                actual performance of the duties of the 
                                Board.
                                    ``(IX) Duties.--The Board shall 
                                advise the Administrator on carrying 
                                out the duties of the Administrator 
                                under this subparagraph.
                                    ``(X) FACA.--The Federal Advisory 
                                Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall 
                                apply to the Board.
                            ``(iv) Intellectual property.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--As a condition 
                                of receiving a financial award under 
                                this subparagraph, an applicant shall 
                                agree to vest the intellectual property 
                                of the applicant derived from the 
                                technology in 1 or more entities that 
                                are incorporated in the United States.
                                    ``(II) Reservation of license.--The 
                                United States--
                                            ``(aa) may reserve a 
                                        nonexclusive, nontransferable, 
                                        irrevocable, paid-up license, 
                                        to have practiced for or on 
                                        behalf of the United States, in 
                                        connection with any 
                                        intellectual property described 
                                        in subclause (I); but
                                            ``(bb) shall not, in the 
                                        exercise of a license reserved 
                                        under item (aa), publicly 
                                        disclose proprietary 
                                        information relating to the 
                                        license.
                                    ``(III) Transfer of title.--Title 
                                to any intellectual property described 
                                in subclause (I) shall not be 
                                transferred or passed, except to an 
                                entity that is incorporated in the 
                                United States, until the expiration of 
                                the first patent obtained in connection 
                                with the intellectual property.
                            ``(v) Authorization of appropriations.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--There is 
                                authorized to be appropriated to carry 
                                out this subparagraph $35,000,000, to 
                                remain available until expended.
                                    ``(II) Requirement.--Research 
                                carried out using amounts made 
                                available under subclause (I) may not 
                                duplicate research funded by the 
                                Department of Energy.
                            ``(vi) Termination of authority.--The Board 
                        and all authority provided under this 
                        subparagraph shall terminate not later than 10 
                        years after the date of enactment of the 
                        America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 
                        2019.
                    ``(C) Carbon dioxide utilization research.--
                            ``(i) Definition of carbon dioxide 
                        utilization.--In this subparagraph, the term 
                        `carbon dioxide utilization' refers to 
                        technologies or approaches that lead to the use 
                        of carbon dioxide--
                                    ``(I) through the fixation of 
                                carbon dioxide through photosynthesis 
                                or chemosynthesis, such as through the 
                                growing of algae or bacteria;
                                    ``(II) through the chemical 
                                conversion of carbon dioxide to a 
                                material or chemical compound in which 
                                the carbon dioxide is securely stored; 
                                or
                                    ``(III) through the use of carbon 
                                dioxide for any other purpose for which 
                                a commercial market exists, as 
                                determined by the Administrator.
                            ``(ii) Program.--The Administrator, in 
                        consultation with the Secretary of Energy, 
                        shall carry out a research and development 
                        program for carbon dioxide utilization to 
                        promote existing and new technologies that 
                        transform carbon dioxide generated by 
                        industrial processes into a product of 
                        commercial value, or as an input to products of 
                        commercial value.
                            ``(iii) Technical and financial 
                        assistance.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                        date of enactment of the America's 
                        Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019, in 
                        carrying out this subsection, the 
                        Administrator, in consultation with the 
                        Secretary of Energy, shall support research and 
                        infrastructure activities relating to carbon 
                        dioxide utilization by providing technical 
                        assistance and financial assistance in 
                        accordance with clause (iv).
                            ``(iv) Eligibility.--To be eligible to 
                        receive technical assistance and financial 
                        assistance under clause (iii), a carbon dioxide 
                        utilization project shall--
                                    ``(I) have access to an emissions 
                                stream generated by a stationary source 
                                within the United States that is 
                                capable of supplying not less than 250 
                                metric tons per day of carbon dioxide 
                                for research;
                                    ``(II) have access to adequate 
                                space for a laboratory and equipment 
                                for testing small-scale carbon dioxide 
                                utilization technologies, with onsite 
                                access to larger test bays for scale-
                                up; and
                                    ``(III) have existing partnerships 
                                with institutions of higher education, 
                                private companies, States, or other 
                                government entities.
                            ``(v) Coordination.--In supporting carbon 
                        dioxide utilization projects under this 
                        paragraph, the Administrator shall consult with 
                        the Secretary of Energy, and, as appropriate, 
                        with the head of any other relevant Federal 
                        agency, States, the private sector, and 
                        institutions of higher education to develop 
                        methods and technologies to account for the 
                        carbon dioxide emissions avoided by the carbon 
                        dioxide utilization projects.
                            ``(vi) Authorization of appropriations.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--There is 
                                authorized to be appropriated to carry 
                                out this subparagraph $50,000,000, to 
                                remain available until expended.
                                    ``(II) Requirement.--Research 
                                carried out using amounts made 
                                available under subclause (I) may not 
                                duplicate research funded by the 
                                Department of Energy.
                    ``(D) Deep saline formation report.--
                            ``(i) Definition of deep saline 
                        formation.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--In this 
                                subparagraph, the term `deep saline 
                                formation' means a formation of 
                                subsurface geographically extensive 
                                sedimentary rock layers saturated with 
                                waters or brines that have a high total 
                                dissolved solids content and that are 
                                below the depth where carbon dioxide 
                                can exist in the formation as a 
                                supercritical fluid.
                                    ``(II) Clarification.--In this 
                                subparagraph, the term `deep saline 
                                formation' does not include oil and gas 
                                reservoirs.
                            ``(ii) Report.--In consultation with the 
                        Secretary of Energy, and, as appropriate, with 
                        the head of any other relevant Federal agency 
                        and relevant stakeholders, not later than 1 
                        year after the date of enactment of the 
                        America's Transportation Infrastructure Act of 
                        2019, the Administrator shall prepare, submit 
                        to Congress, and make publicly available a 
                        report that includes--
                                    ``(I) a comprehensive 
                                identification of potential risks and 
                                benefits to project developers 
                                associated with increased storage of 
                                carbon dioxide captured from stationary 
                                sources in deep saline formations, 
                                using existing research;
                                    ``(II) recommendations, if any, for 
                                managing the potential risks identified 
                                under subclause (I), including 
                                potential risks unique to public land; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) recommendations, if any, 
                                for Federal legislation or other policy 
                                changes to mitigate any potential risks 
                                identified under subclause (I).
                    ``(E) Report on carbon dioxide nonregulatory 
                strategies and technologies.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not less frequently than 
                        once every 2 years, the Administrator shall 
                        submit to the Committee on Environment and 
                        Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
                        Energy and Commerce of the House of 
                        Representatives a report that describes--
                                    ``(I) the recipients of assistance 
                                under subparagraphs (B) and (C); and
                                    ``(II) a plan for supporting 
                                additional nonregulatory strategies and 
                                technologies that could significantly 
                                prevent carbon dioxide emissions or 
                                reduce carbon dioxide levels in the 
                                air, in conjunction with other Federal 
                                agencies.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--The plan submitted 
                        under clause (i) shall include--
                                    ``(I) a methodology for evaluating 
                                and ranking technologies based on the 
                                ability of the technologies to cost 
                                effectively reduce carbon dioxide 
                                emissions or carbon dioxide levels in 
                                the air; and
                                    ``(II) a description of any nonair-
                                related environmental or energy 
                                considerations regarding the 
                                technologies.
                    ``(F) GAO report.--The Comptroller General of the 
                United States shall submit to Congress a report that--
                            ``(i) identifies all Federal grant programs 
                        in which a purpose of a grant under the program 
                        is to perform research on carbon capture and 
                        utilization technologies, including direct air 
                        capture technologies; and
                            ``(ii) examines the extent to which the 
                        Federal grant programs identified pursuant to 
                        clause (i) overlap or are duplicative.''.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency 
(referred to in this subsection as the ``Administrator'') shall submit 
to Congress a report describing how funds appropriated to the 
Administrator during the 5 most recent fiscal years have been used to 
carry out section 103 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7403), including 
a description of--
            (1) the amount of funds used to carry out specific 
        provisions of that section; and
            (2) the practices used by the Administrator to 
        differentiate funding used to carry out that section, as 
        compared to funding used to carry out other provisions of law.
    (c) Inclusion of Carbon Capture Infrastructure Projects.--Section 
41001(6) of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m(6)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                inserting ``carbon capture,'' after ``manufacturing,'';
                    (B) in clause (i)(III), by striking ``or'' at the 
                end;
                    (C) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); 
                and
                    (D) by inserting after clause (i) the following:
                            ``(ii) is covered by a programmatic plan or 
                        environmental review developed for the primary 
                        purpose of facilitating development of carbon 
                        dioxide pipelines; or''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Inclusion.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), 
                construction of infrastructure for carbon capture 
                includes construction of--
                            ``(i) any facility, technology, or system 
                        that captures, utilizes, or sequesters carbon 
                        dioxide emissions, including projects for 
                        direct air capture (as defined in paragraph 
                        (6)(B)(i) of section 103(g) of the Clean Air 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 7403(g)); and
                            ``(ii) carbon dioxide pipelines.''.
    (d) Development of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Sequestration 
Report, Permitting Guidance, and Regional Permitting Task Force.--
            (1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                projects.--The term ``carbon capture, utilization, and 
                sequestration projects'' includes projects for direct 
                air capture (as defined in paragraph (6)(B)(i) of 
                section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
                7403(g))).
                    (B) Efficient, orderly, and responsible.--The term 
                ``efficient, orderly, and responsible'' means, with 
                respect to development or the permitting process for 
                carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration projects 
                and carbon dioxide pipelines, a process that is 
                completed in an expeditious manner while maintaining 
                environmental, health, and safety protections.
            (2) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Chair of the Council 
                on Environmental Quality (referred to in this 
                subsection as the ``Chair''), in consultation with the 
                Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
                the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of the Interior, 
                the Executive Director of the Federal Permitting 
                Improvement Council, and the head of any other relevant 
                Federal agency (as determined by the President), shall 
                prepare a report that--
                            (i) compiles all existing relevant Federal 
                        permitting and review information and resources 
                        for project applicants, agencies, and other 
                        stakeholders interested in the deployment of 
                        carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                        projects and carbon dioxide pipelines, 
                        including--
                                    (I) the appropriate points of 
                                interaction with Federal agencies;
                                    (II) clarification of the 
                                permitting responsibilities and 
                                authorities among Federal agencies; and
                                    (III) best practices and templates 
                                for permitting;
                            (ii) inventories current or emerging 
                        activities that transform captured carbon 
                        dioxide into a product of commercial value, or 
                        as an input to products of commercial value;
                            (iii) inventories existing initiatives and 
                        recent publications that analyze or identify 
                        priority carbon dioxide pipelines needed to 
                        enable efficient, orderly, and responsible 
                        development of carbon capture, utilization, and 
                        sequestration projects at increased scale;
                            (iv) identifies gaps in the current Federal 
                        regulatory framework for the deployment of 
                        carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                        projects and carbon dioxide pipelines; and
                            (v) identifies Federal financing mechanisms 
                        available to project developers.
                    (B) Submission; publication.--The Chair shall--
                            (i) submit the report under subparagraph 
                        (A) to the Committee on Environment and Public 
                        Works of the Senate and the Committee on Energy 
                        and Commerce of the House of Representatives; 
                        and
                            (ii) as soon as practicable, make the 
                        report publicly available.
            (3) Guidance.--
                    (A) In general.--After submission of the report 
                under paragraph (2)(B), but not later than 1 year after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Chair shall 
                submit guidance consistent with that report to all 
                relevant Federal agencies that--
                            (i) facilitates reviews associated with the 
                        deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and 
                        sequestration projects and carbon dioxide 
                        pipelines; and
                            (ii) supports the efficient, orderly, and 
                        responsible development of carbon capture, 
                        utilization, and sequestration projects and 
                        carbon dioxide pipelines.
                    (B) Requirements.--
                            (i) In general.--The guidance under 
                        subparagraph (A) shall address requirements 
                        under--
                                    (I) the National Environmental 
                                Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et 
                                seq.);
                                    (II) the Federal Water Pollution 
                                Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.);
                                    (III) the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
                                7401 et seq.);
                                    (IV) the Safe Drinking Water Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.);
                                    (V) the Endangered Species Act of 
                                1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.);
                                    (VI) division A of subtitle III of 
                                title 54, United States Code (formerly 
                                known as the ``National Historic 
                                Preservation Act'');
                                    (VII) the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 
                                (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.);
                                    (VIII) the Act of June 8, 1940 (16 
                                U.S.C. 668 et seq.) (commonly known as 
                                the ``Bald and Golden Eagle Protection 
                                Act''); and
                                    (IX) any other Federal law that the 
                                Chair determines to be appropriate.
                            (ii) Environmental reviews.--The guidance 
                        under subparagraph (A) shall include direction 
                        to States and other interested parties for the 
                        development of programmatic environmental 
                        reviews under the National Environmental Policy 
                        Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) for carbon 
                        capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                        projects and carbon dioxide pipelines.
                            (iii) Public involvement.--The guidance 
                        under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the 
                        public notice, comment, and solicitation of 
                        information procedures under section 1506.6 of 
                        title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a 
                        successor regulation).
                    (C) Submission; publication.--The Chair shall--
                            (i) submit the guidance under subparagraph 
                        (A) to the Committee on Environment and Public 
                        Works of the Senate and the Committee on Energy 
                        and Commerce of the House of Representatives; 
                        and
                            (ii) as soon as practicable, make the 
                        guidance publicly available.
                    (D) Evaluation.--The Chair shall--
                            (i) periodically evaluate the reports of 
                        the task forces under paragraph (4)(E) and, as 
                        necessary, revise the guidance under 
                        subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) each year, submit to the Committee on 
                        Environment and Public Works of the Senate, the 
                        Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House 
                        of Representatives, and relevant Federal 
                        agencies a report that describes any 
                        recommendations for legislation, rules, 
                        revisions to rules, or other policies that 
                        would address the issues identified by the task 
                        forces under paragraph (4)(E).
            (4) Task force.--
                    (A) Establishment.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of this Act, the Chair shall 
                establish not less than 2 task forces, which shall each 
                cover a different geographical area with differing 
                demographic, land use, or geological issues--
                            (i) to identify permitting and other 
                        challenges and successes that permitting 
                        authorities and project developers and 
                        operators face; and
                            (ii) to improve the performance of the 
                        permitting process and regional coordination 
                        for the purpose of promoting the efficient, 
                        orderly, and responsible development of carbon 
                        capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                        projects and carbon dioxide pipelines.
                    (B) Members and selection.--
                            (i) In general.--The Chair shall--
                                    (I) develop criteria for the 
                                selection of members to each task 
                                force; and
                                    (II) select members for each task 
                                force in accordance with subclause (I) 
                                and clause (ii).
                            (ii) Members.--Each task force--
                                    (I) shall include not less than 1 
                                representative of each of--
                                            (aa) the Environmental 
                                        Protection Agency;
                                            (bb) the Department of 
                                        Energy;
                                            (cc) the Department of the 
                                        Interior;
                                            (dd) any other Federal 
                                        agency the Chair determines to 
                                        be appropriate;
                                            (ee) any State that 
                                        requests participation in the 
                                        geographical area covered by 
                                        the task force;
                                            (ff) developers or 
                                        operators of carbon capture, 
                                        utilization, and sequestration 
                                        projects or carbon dioxide 
                                        pipelines; and
                                            (gg) nongovernmental 
                                        membership organizations, the 
                                        primary mission of which 
                                        concerns protection of the 
                                        environment; and
                                    (II) at the request of a Tribal or 
                                local government, may include a 
                                representative of--
                                            (aa) not less than 1 local 
                                        government in the geographical 
                                        area covered by the task force; 
                                        and
                                            (bb) not less than 1 Tribal 
                                        government in the geographical 
                                        area covered by the task force.
                    (C) Meetings.--
                            (i) In general.--Each task force shall meet 
                        not less than twice each year.
                            (ii) Joint meeting.--To the maximum extent 
                        practicable, the task forces shall meet 
                        collectively not less than once each year.
                    (D) Duties.--Each task force shall--
                            (i) inventory existing or potential Federal 
                        and State approaches to facilitate reviews 
                        associated with the deployment of carbon 
                        capture, utilization, and sequestration 
                        projects and carbon dioxide pipelines, 
                        including best practices that--
                                    (I) avoid duplicative reviews;
                                    (II) engage stakeholders early in 
                                the permitting process; and
                                    (III) make the permitting process 
                                efficient, orderly, and responsible;
                            (ii) develop common models for State-level 
                        carbon dioxide pipeline regulation and 
                        oversight guidelines that can be shared with 
                        States in the geographical area covered by the 
                        task force;
                            (iii) provide technical assistance to 
                        States in the geographical area covered by the 
                        task force in implementing regulatory 
                        requirements and any models developed under 
                        clause (ii);
                            (iv) inventory current or emerging 
                        activities that transform captured carbon 
                        dioxide into a product of commercial value, or 
                        as an input to products of commercial value;
                            (v) identify any priority carbon dioxide 
                        pipelines needed to enable efficient, orderly, 
                        and responsible development of carbon capture, 
                        utilization, and sequestration projects at 
                        increased scale;
                            (vi) identify gaps in the current Federal 
                        and State regulatory framework and in existing 
                        data for the deployment of carbon capture, 
                        utilization, and sequestration projects and 
                        carbon dioxide pipelines;
                            (vii) identify Federal and State financing 
                        mechanisms available to project developers; and
                            (viii) develop recommendations for relevant 
                        Federal agencies on how to develop and research 
                        technologies that--
                                    (I) can capture carbon dioxide; and
                                    (II) would be able to be deployed 
                                within the region covered by the task 
                                force, including any projects that have 
                                received technical or financial 
                                assistance for research under paragraph 
                                (6) of section 103(g) of the Clean Air 
                                Act (42 U.S.C. 7403(g)).
                    (E) Report.--Each year, each task force shall 
                prepare and submit to the Chair and to the other task 
                forces a report that includes--
                            (i) any recommendations for improvements in 
                        efficient, orderly, and responsible issuance or 
                        administration of Federal permits and other 
                        Federal authorizations required under a law 
                        described in paragraph (3)(B)(i); and
                            (ii) any other nationally relevant 
                        information that the task force has collected 
                        in carrying out the duties under subparagraph 
                        (D).
                    (F) Evaluation.--Not later than 5 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Chair shall--
                            (i) reevaluate the need for the task 
                        forces; and
                            (ii) submit to Congress a recommendation as 
                        to whether the task forces should continue.

SEC. 1407. PROMOTING RESILIENT OPERATIONS FOR TRANSFORMATIVE, 
              EFFICIENT, AND COST-SAVING TRANSPORTATION (PROTECT) GRANT 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code (as 
amended by section 1403(a)), is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 179. Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, 
              Efficient, and Cost-saving Transportation (PROTECT) grant 
              program
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Emergency event.--The term `emergency event' means a 
        natural disaster or catastrophic failure resulting in--
                    ``(A) an emergency declared by the Governor of the 
                State in which the disaster or failure occurred; or
                    ``(B) an emergency or disaster declared by the 
                President.
            ``(2) Evacuation route.--The term `evacuation route' means 
        a transportation route or system that--
                    ``(A) is owned, operated, or maintained by a 
                Federal, State, Tribal, or local government or a 
                private entity;
                    ``(B) is used--
                            ``(i) to transport the public away from 
                        emergency events; or
                            ``(ii) to transport emergency responders 
                        and recovery resources; and
                    ``(C) is designated by the eligible entity with 
                jurisdiction over the area in which the route is 
                located for the purposes described in subparagraph (B).
            ``(3) Program.--The term `program' means the grant program 
        established under subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Resilience improvement.--The term `resilience 
        improvement' means the use of materials or structural or 
        nonstructural techniques, including natural infrastructure--
                    ``(A) that allow a project--
                            ``(i) to better anticipate, prepare for, 
                        and adapt to changing conditions and to 
                        withstand and respond to disruptions; and
                            ``(ii) to be better able to continue to 
                        serve the primary function of the project 
                        during and after weather events and natural 
                        disasters for the expected life of the project; 
                        or
                    ``(B) that--
                            ``(i) reduce the magnitude and duration of 
                        impacts of current and future weather events 
                        and natural disasters to a project; or
                            ``(ii) have the absorptive capacity, 
                        adaptive capacity, and recoverability to 
                        decrease project vulnerability to current and 
                        future weather events or natural disasters.
    ``(b) Establishment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a grant 
        program, to be known as the `Promoting Resilient Operations for 
        Transformative, Efficient, and Cost-saving Transportation grant 
        program' or the `PROTECT grant program'.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the program is to provide 
        grants for resilience improvements through--
                    ``(A) formula funding distributed to States;
                    ``(B) competitive planning grants to enable 
                communities to assess vulnerabilities to current and 
                future weather events and natural disasters and 
                changing conditions, including sea level rise, and plan 
                infrastructure improvements and emergency response 
                strategies to address those vulnerabilities; and
                    ``(C) competitive resilience improvement grants to 
                protect--
                            ``(i) infrastructure assets by making the 
                        assets more resilient to current and future 
                        weather events and natural disasters, such as 
                        severe storms, flooding, drought, levee and dam 
                        failures, wildfire, rockslides, mudslides, sea 
                        level rise, extreme weather, including extreme 
                        temperature, and earthquakes;
                            ``(ii) communities through resilience 
                        improvements and strategies that allow for the 
                        continued operation or rapid recovery of 
                        surface transportation systems that--
                                    ``(I) serve critical local, 
                                regional, and national needs, including 
                                evacuation routes; and
                                    ``(II) provide access or service to 
                                hospitals and other medical or 
                                emergency service facilities, major 
                                employers, critical manufacturing 
                                centers, ports and intermodal 
                                facilities, utilities, and Federal 
                                facilities;
                            ``(iii) coastal infrastructure, such as a 
                        tide gate, that is at long-term risk to sea 
                        level rise; and
                            ``(iv) natural infrastructure that protects 
                        and enhances surface transportation assets 
                        while improving ecosystem conditions, including 
                        culverts that ensure adequate flows in rivers 
                        and estuarine systems.
    ``(c) Formula Awards.--
            ``(1) Distribution of funds to states.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For each fiscal year, the 
                Secretary shall distribute among the States the amounts 
                made available to carry out this subsection for that 
                fiscal year in accordance with subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Distribution.--The amount for each State 
                shall be determined by multiplying the total amount 
                made available to carry out this subsection for the 
                applicable fiscal year by the ratio that--
                            ``(i) the total base apportionment for the 
                        State under section 104(c); bears to
                            ``(ii) the total base apportionments for 
                        all States under section 104(c).
            ``(2) Eligible activities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), a State shall use funds made 
                available under paragraph (1) to carry out activities 
                eligible under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of 
                subsection (d)(4).
                    ``(B) Planning set-aside.--Of the amounts made 
                available to each State under paragraph (1) for each 
                fiscal year, not less than 2 percent shall be for 
                activities described in subsection (d)(3).
            ``(3) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Projects in certain areas.--If a project 
                under this subsection is carried out, in whole or in 
                part, within a base floodplain, the State shall--
                            ``(i) identify the base floodplain in which 
                        the project is to be located and disclose that 
                        information to the Secretary; and
                            ``(ii) indicate to the Secretary whether 
                        the State plans to implement 1 or more 
                        components of the risk mitigation plan under 
                        section 322 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
                        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                        5165) with respect to the area.
                    ``(B) Eligibilities.--A State shall use funds made 
                available under paragraph (1) for--
                            ``(i) a highway project eligible for 
                        assistance under this title;
                            ``(ii) a public transportation facility or 
                        service eligible for assistance under chapter 
                        53 of title 49;
                            ``(iii) a facility or service for intercity 
                        rail passenger transportation (as defined in 
                        section 24102 of title 49); or
                            ``(iv) a port facility, including a 
                        facility that--
                                    ``(I) connects a port to other 
                                modes of transportation;
                                    ``(II) improves the efficiency of 
                                evacuations and disaster relief; or
                                    ``(III) aids transportation.
                    ``(C) System resilience.--A project carried out by 
                a State with funds made available under this subsection 
                may include the use of natural infrastructure or the 
                construction or modification of storm surge, flood 
                protection, or aquatic ecosystem restoration elements 
                that are functionally connected to a transportation 
                improvement, such as--
                            ``(i) increasing marsh health and total 
                        area adjacent to a highway right-of-way to 
                        promote additional flood storage;
                            ``(ii) upgrades to and installing of 
                        culverts designed to withstand 100-year flood 
                        events;
                            ``(iii) upgrades to and installation of 
                        tide gates to protect highways; and
                            ``(iv) upgrades to and installation of 
                        flood gates to protect tunnel entrances.
                    ``(D) Federal cost share.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        subsection (f)(1), the Federal share of the 
                        cost of a project carried out using funds made 
                        available under paragraph (1) shall not exceed 
                        80 percent of the total project cost.
                            ``(ii) Non-federal share.--A State may use 
                        Federal funds other than Federal funds made 
                        available under this subsection to meet the 
                        non-Federal cost share requirement for a 
                        project under this subsection.
                    ``(E) Eligible project costs.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), eligible project costs for 
                        activities carried out by a State with funds 
                        made available under paragraph (1) may include 
                        the costs of--
                                    ``(I) development phase activities, 
                                including planning, feasibility 
                                analysis, revenue forecasting, 
                                environmental review, preliminary 
                                engineering and design work, and other 
                                preconstruction activities; and
                                    ``(II) construction, 
                                reconstruction, rehabilitation, and 
                                acquisition of real property (including 
                                land related to the project and 
                                improvements to land), environmental 
                                mitigation, construction contingencies, 
                                acquisition of equipment directly 
                                related to improving system 
                                performance, and operational 
                                improvements.
                            ``(ii) Eligible planning costs.--In the 
                        case of a planning activity described in 
                        subsection (d)(3) that is carried out by a 
                        State with funds made available under paragraph 
                        (1), eligible costs may include development 
                        phase activities, including planning, 
                        feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, 
                        environmental review, preliminary engineering 
                        and design work, other preconstruction 
                        activities, and other activities consistent 
                        with carrying out the purposes of subsection 
                        (d)(3).
                    ``(F) Limitations.--In carrying out this 
                subsection, a State--
                            ``(i) may use not more than 25 percent of 
                        the amounts made available under this 
                        subsection for the construction of new 
                        capacity; and
                            ``(ii) may use not more than 10 percent of 
                        the amounts made available under this 
                        subsection for activities described in 
                        subparagraph (E)(i)(I).
    ``(d) Competitive Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--In addition to funds distributed to 
        States under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary shall provide 
        grants on a competitive basis under this subsection to eligible 
        entities described in paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--The Secretary may make a grant 
        under this subsection to any of the following:
                    ``(A) A State or political subdivision of a State.
                    ``(B) A metropolitan planning organization.
                    ``(C) A unit of local government.
                    ``(D) A special purpose district or public 
                authority with a transportation function, including a 
                port authority.
                    ``(E) An Indian tribe (as defined in section 
                207(m)(1)).
                    ``(F) A Federal land management agency that applies 
                jointly with a State or group of States.
                    ``(G) A multi-State or multijurisdictional group of 
                entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
            ``(3) Planning grants.--Using funds made available under 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall provide planning grants to 
        eligible entities for the purpose of--
                    ``(A) in the case of a State or metropolitan 
                planning organization, developing a resilience 
                improvement plan under subsection (f)(2);
                    ``(B) resilience planning, predesign, design, or 
                the development of data tools to simulate 
                transportation disruption scenarios, including 
                vulnerability assessments;
                    ``(C) technical capacity building by the eligible 
                entity to facilitate the ability of the eligible entity 
                to assess the vulnerabilities of the infrastructure 
                assets and community response strategies of the 
                eligible entity under current conditions and a range of 
                potential future conditions; or
                    ``(D) evacuation planning and preparation.
            ``(4) Resilience grants.--
                    ``(A) Resilience improvement grants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Using funds made 
                        available under this subsection, the Secretary 
                        shall provide resilience improvement grants to 
                        eligible entities to carry out 1 or more 
                        eligible activities under clause (ii).
                            ``(ii) Eligible activities.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--An eligible 
                                entity may use a resilience improvement 
                                grant under this subparagraph for 1 or 
                                more construction activities to enable 
                                an existing surface transportation 
                                infrastructure asset to withstand 1 or 
                                more elements of a weather event or 
                                natural disaster, or to increase the 
                                resilience of surface transportation 
                                infrastructure from the impacts of 
                                changing conditions, such as sea level 
                                rise, flooding, extreme weather events, 
                                and other natural disasters.
                                    ``(II) Inclusions.--An activity 
                                eligible to be carried out under this 
                                subparagraph includes--
                                            ``(aa) resurfacing, 
                                        restoration, rehabilitation, 
                                        reconstruction, replacement, 
                                        improvement, or realignment of 
                                        an existing surface 
                                        transportation facility 
                                        eligible for assistance under 
                                        this title;
                                            ``(bb) the incorporation of 
                                        natural infrastructure;
                                            ``(cc) the upgrade of an 
                                        existing surface transportation 
                                        facility to meet or exceed 
                                        Federal Highway Administration 
                                        approved design standards;
                                            ``(dd) the installation of 
                                        mitigation measures that 
                                        prevent the intrusion of 
                                        floodwaters into surface 
                                        transportation systems;
                                            ``(ee) strengthening 
                                        systems that remove rainwater 
                                        from surface transportation 
                                        facilities;
                                            ``(ff) a resilience project 
                                        that addresses identified 
                                        vulnerabilities described in 
                                        the resilience improvement plan 
                                        of the eligible entity, if 
                                        applicable;
                                            ``(gg) relocating roadways 
                                        in a base floodplain to higher 
                                        ground above projected flood 
                                        elevation levels, or away from 
                                        slide prone areas;
                                            ``(hh) stabilizing slide 
                                        areas or slopes;
                                            ``(ii) installing riprap;
                                            ``(jj) lengthening or 
                                        raising bridges to increase 
                                        waterway openings, including to 
                                        respond to extreme weather;
                                            ``(kk) deepening channels 
                                        to prevent flooding;
                                            ``(ll) increasing the size 
                                        or number of drainage 
                                        structures;
                                            ``(mm) installing seismic 
                                        retrofits on bridges;
                                            ``(nn) adding scour 
                                        protection at bridges;
                                            ``(oo) adding scour, stream 
                                        stability, coastal, and other 
                                        hydraulic countermeasures, 
                                        including spur dikes; and
                                            ``(pp) any other protective 
                                        features, including natural 
                                        infrastructure, as determined 
                                        by the Secretary.
                            ``(iii) Priority.--The Secretary shall 
                        prioritize a resilience improvement grant to an 
                        eligible entity if--
                                    ``(I) the Secretary determines--
                                            ``(aa) the benefits of the 
                                        eligible activity proposed to 
                                        be carried out by the eligible 
                                        entity exceed the costs of the 
                                        activity; and
                                            ``(bb) there is a need to 
                                        address the vulnerabilities of 
                                        infrastructure assets of the 
                                        eligible entity with a high 
                                        risk of, and impacts associated 
                                        with, failure due to the 
                                        impacts of weather events, 
                                        natural disasters, or changing 
                                        conditions, such as sea level 
                                        rise and increased flood risk; 
                                        or
                                    ``(II) the eligible activity 
                                proposed to be carried out by the 
                                eligible entity is included in the 
                                applicable resilience improvement plan 
                                under subsection (f)(2).
                    ``(B) Community resilience and evacuation route 
                grants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Using funds made 
                        available under this subsection, the Secretary 
                        shall provide community resilience and 
                        evacuation route grants to eligible entities to 
                        carry out 1 or more eligible activities under 
                        clause (ii).
                            ``(ii) Eligible activities.--An eligible 
                        entity may use a community resilience and 
                        evacuation route grant under this subparagraph 
                        for 1 or more projects that strengthen and 
                        protect evacuation routes that are essential 
                        for providing and supporting evacuations caused 
                        by emergency events, including a project that--
                                    ``(I) is an eligible activity under 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii), if that eligible 
                                activity will improve an evacuation 
                                route;
                                    ``(II) ensures the ability of the 
                                evacuation route to provide safe 
                                passage during an evacuation and 
                                reduces the risk of damage to 
                                evacuation routes as a result of future 
                                emergency events, including restoring 
                                or replacing existing evacuation routes 
                                that are in poor condition or not 
                                designed to meet the anticipated demand 
                                during an emergency event, and 
                                including steps to protect routes from 
                                mud, rock, or other debris slides;
                                    ``(III) if the Secretary determines 
                                that existing evacuation routes are not 
                                sufficient to adequately facilitate 
                                evacuations, including the 
                                transportation of emergency responders 
                                and recovery resources, expands the 
                                capacity of evacuation routes to 
                                swiftly and safely accommodate 
                                evacuations, including installation 
                                of--
                                            ``(aa) communications and 
                                        intelligent transportation 
                                        system equipment and 
                                        infrastructure;
                                            ``(bb) counterflow 
                                        measures; or
                                            ``(cc) shoulders;
                                    ``(IV) is for the construction of--
                                            ``(aa) new or redundant 
                                        evacuation routes, if the 
                                        Secretary determines that 
                                        existing evacuation routes are 
                                        not sufficient to adequately 
                                        facilitate evacuations, 
                                        including the transportation of 
                                        emergency responders and 
                                        recovery resources; or
                                            ``(bb) sheltering 
                                        facilities that are 
                                        functionally connected to an 
                                        eligible project;
                                    ``(V) is for the acquisition of 
                                evacuation route or traffic incident 
                                management equipment, vehicles, or 
                                signage; or
                                    ``(VI) will ensure access or 
                                service to critical destinations, 
                                including hospitals and other medical 
                                or emergency service facilities, major 
                                employers, critical manufacturing 
                                centers, ports and intermodal 
                                facilities, utilities, and Federal 
                                facilities.
                            ``(iii) Priority.--The Secretary shall 
                        prioritize community resilience and evacuation 
                        route grants under this subparagraph for 
                        eligible activities that are cost-effective, as 
                        determined by the Secretary, taking into 
                        account--
                                    ``(I) current and future 
                                vulnerabilities to an evacuation route 
                                due to future occurrence or recurrence 
                                of emergency events that are likely to 
                                occur in the geographic area in which 
                                the evacuation route is located; and
                                    ``(II) projected changes in 
                                development patterns, demographics, and 
                                extreme weather events based on the 
                                best available evidence and analysis.
                            ``(iv) Consultation.--In providing grants 
                        for community resilience and evacuation routes 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall 
                        consult with the Administrator of the Federal 
                        Emergency Management Agency, who shall provide 
                        technical assistance to the Secretary and to 
                        eligible entities.
                    ``(C) At-risk coastal infrastructure grants.--
                            ``(i) Definition of coastal state.--In this 
                        subparagraph, the term `coastal State' means--
                                    ``(I) a State in, or bordering on, 
                                the Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Ocean, 
                                the Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, 
                                or 1 or more of the Great Lakes;
                                    ``(II) the United States Virgin 
                                Islands;
                                    ``(III) Guam;
                                    ``(IV) American Samoa; and
                                    ``(V) the Commonwealth of the 
                                Northern Mariana Islands.
                            ``(ii) Grants.--Using funds made available 
                        under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
                        provide at-risk coastal infrastructure grants 
                        to eligible entities in coastal States to carry 
                        out 1 or more eligible activities under clause 
                        (iii).
                            ``(iii) Eligible activities.--An eligible 
                        entity may use an at-risk coastal 
                        infrastructure grant under this subparagraph 
                        for strengthening, stabilizing, hardening, 
                        elevating, relocating, or otherwise enhancing 
                        the resilience of highway and non-rail 
                        infrastructure, including bridges, roads, 
                        pedestrian walkways, and bicycle lanes, and 
                        associated infrastructure, such as culverts and 
                        tide gates, that are subject to, or face 
                        increased long-term future risks of, a weather 
                        event, a natural disaster, or changing 
                        conditions, including coastal flooding, coastal 
                        erosion, wave action, storm surge, or sea level 
                        rise, in order to improve transportation and 
                        public safety and to reduce costs by avoiding 
                        larger future maintenance or rebuilding costs.
                            ``(iv) Criteria.--The Secretary shall 
                        provide at-risk coastal infrastructure grants 
                        under this subparagraph for a project--
                                    ``(I) that addresses the risks from 
                                a current or future weather event or 
                                natural disaster, including coastal 
                                flooding, coastal erosion, wave action, 
                                storm surge, or sea level change; and
                                    ``(II) that reduces long-term 
                                infrastructure costs by avoiding larger 
                                future maintenance or rebuilding costs.
                            ``(v) Coastal benefits.--In addition to the 
                        criteria under clause (iv), for the purpose of 
                        providing at-risk coastal infrastructure grants 
                        under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall 
                        evaluate the extent to which a project will 
                        provide--
                                    ``(I) access to coastal homes, 
                                businesses, communities, and other 
                                critical infrastructure, including 
                                access by first responders and other 
                                emergency personnel; or
                                    ``(II) access to a designated 
                                evacuation route.
            ``(5) Grant requirements.--
                    ``(A) Solicitations for grants.--In providing 
                grants under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
                conduct a transparent and competitive national 
                solicitation process to select eligible projects to 
                receive grants under paragraph (3) and subparagraphs 
                (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (4).
                    ``(B) Applications.--
                            ``(i) In general.--To be eligible to 
                        receive a grant under paragraph (3) or 
                        subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (4), 
                        an eligible entity shall submit to the 
                        Secretary an application in such form, at such 
                        time, and containing such information as the 
                        Secretary determines to be necessary.
                            ``(ii) Projects in certain areas.--If a 
                        project is proposed to be carried out by the 
                        eligible entity, in whole or in part, within a 
                        base floodplain, the eligible entity shall--
                                    ``(I) as part of the application, 
                                identify the floodplain in which the 
                                project is to be located and disclose 
                                that information to the Secretary; and
                                    ``(II) indicate in the application 
                                whether, if selected, the eligible 
                                entity will implement 1 or more 
                                components of the risk mitigation plan 
                                under section 322 of the Robert T. 
                                Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
                                Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165) with 
                                respect to the area.
                    ``(C) Eligibilities.--The Secretary may make a 
                grant under paragraph (3) or subparagraph (A), (B), or 
                (C) of paragraph (4) only for--
                            ``(i) a highway project eligible for 
                        assistance under this title;
                            ``(ii) a public transportation facility or 
                        service eligible for assistance under chapter 
                        53 of title 49;
                            ``(iii) a facility or service for intercity 
                        rail passenger transportation (as defined in 
                        section 24102 of title 49); or
                            ``(iv) a port facility, including a 
                        facility that--
                                    ``(I) connects a port to other 
                                modes of transportation;
                                    ``(II) improves the efficiency of 
                                evacuations and disaster relief; or
                                    ``(III) aids transportation.
                    ``(D) System resilience.--A project for which a 
                grant is provided under paragraph (3) or subparagraph 
                (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (4) may include the use 
                of natural infrastructure or the construction or 
                modification of storm surge, flood protection, or 
                aquatic ecosystem restoration elements that the 
                Secretary determines are functionally connected to a 
                transportation improvement, such as--
                            ``(i) increasing marsh health and total 
                        area adjacent to a highway right-of-way to 
                        promote additional flood storage;
                            ``(ii) upgrades to and installing of 
                        culverts designed to withstand 100-year flood 
                        events;
                            ``(iii) upgrades to and installation of 
                        tide gates to protect highways; and
                            ``(iv) upgrades to and installation of 
                        flood gates to protect tunnel entrances.
                    ``(E) Federal cost share.--
                            ``(i) Planning grant.--The Federal share of 
                        the cost of a planning activity carried out 
                        using a planning grant under paragraph (3) 
                        shall be 100 percent.
                            ``(ii) Resilience grants.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Except as 
                                provided in subclause (II) and 
                                subsection (f)(1), the Federal share of 
                                the cost of a project carried out using 
                                a grant under subparagraph (A), (B), or 
                                (C) of paragraph (4) shall not exceed 
                                80 percent of the total project cost.
                                    ``(II) Tribal projects.--On the 
                                determination of the Secretary, the 
                                Federal share of the cost of a project 
                                carried out using a grant under 
                                subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of 
                                paragraph (4) by an Indian tribe (as 
                                defined in section 207(m)(1)) may be up 
                                to 100 percent.
                            ``(iii) Non-federal share.--The eligible 
                        entity may use Federal funds other than Federal 
                        funds provided under this subsection to meet 
                        the non-Federal cost share requirement for a 
                        project carried out with a grant under this 
                        subsection.
                    ``(F) Eligible project costs.--
                            ``(i) Resilience grant projects.--Eligible 
                        project costs for activities funded with a 
                        grant under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of 
                        paragraph (4) may include the costs of--
                                    ``(I) development phase activities, 
                                including planning, feasibility 
                                analysis, revenue forecasting, 
                                environmental review, preliminary 
                                engineering and design work, and other 
                                preconstruction activities; and
                                    ``(II) construction, 
                                reconstruction, rehabilitation, and 
                                acquisition of real property (including 
                                land related to the project and 
                                improvements to land), environmental 
                                mitigation, construction contingencies, 
                                acquisition of equipment directly 
                                related to improving system 
                                performance, and operational 
                                improvements.
                            ``(ii) Planning grants.--Eligible project 
                        costs for activities funded with a grant under 
                        paragraph (3) may include the costs of 
                        development phase activities, including 
                        planning, feasibility analysis, revenue 
                        forecasting, environmental review, preliminary 
                        engineering and design work, other 
                        preconstruction activities, and other 
                        activities consistent with carrying out the 
                        purposes of that paragraph.
                    ``(G) Limitations.--An eligible entity that 
                receives a grant under subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of 
                paragraph (4)--
                            ``(i) may use not more than 25 percent of 
                        the amount of the grant for the construction of 
                        new capacity; and
                            ``(ii) may use not more than 10 percent of 
                        the amount of the grant for activities 
                        described in subparagraph (F)(i)(I).
                    ``(H) Distribution of grants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to the 
                        availability of funds, an eligible entity may 
                        request and the Secretary may distribute funds 
                        for a grant under this subsection on a 
                        multiyear basis, as the Secretary determines to 
                        be necessary.
                            ``(ii) Rural set-aside.--Of the amounts 
                        made available to carry out this subsection for 
                        each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not 
                        less than 25 percent for grants for projects 
                        located in areas that are outside an urbanized 
                        area with a population of over 200,000.
                            ``(iii) Tribal set-aside.--Of the amounts 
                        made available to carry out this subsection for 
                        each fiscal year, the Secretary shall use not 
                        less than 2 percent for grants to Indian tribes 
                        (as defined in section 207(m)(1)).
                            ``(iv) Reallocation.--For any fiscal year, 
                        if the Secretary determines that the amount 
                        described in clause (ii) or (iii) will not be 
                        fully utilized for the grant described in that 
                        clause, the Secretary may reallocate the 
                        unutilized funds to provide grants to other 
                        eligible entities under this subsection.
    ``(e) Consultation.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
shall--
            ``(1) consult with the Assistant Secretary of the Army for 
        Civil Works, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of 
        Commerce; and
            ``(2) solicit technical support from the Administrator of 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
    ``(f) Resilience Improvement Plan and Lower Non-Federal Share.--
            ``(1) Federal share reductions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A State that receives funds 
                under subsection (c) or an eligible entity that 
                receives a grant under subsection (d) shall have the 
                non-Federal share of a project carried out with the 
                funds or grant, as applicable, reduced by an amount 
                described in subparagraph (B) if the State or eligible 
                entity meets the applicable requirements under that 
                subparagraph.
                    ``(B) Amount of reductions.--
                            ``(i) Resilience improvement plan.--Subject 
                        to clause (iii), the amount of the non-Federal 
                        share of the costs of a project carried out 
                        with funds under subsection (c) or a grant 
                        under subsection (d) shall be reduced by 7 
                        percentage points if--
                                    ``(I) in the case of a State or an 
                                eligible entity that is a State or a 
                                metropolitan planning organization, the 
                                State or eligible entity has--
                                            ``(aa) developed a 
                                        resilience improvement plan in 
                                        accordance with this 
                                        subsection; and
                                            ``(bb) prioritized the 
                                        project on that resilience 
                                        improvement plan; and
                                    ``(II) in the case of an eligible 
                                entity not described in subclause (I), 
                                the eligible entity is located in a 
                                State or an area served by a 
                                metropolitan planning organization that 
                                has--
                                            ``(aa) developed a 
                                        resilience improvement plan in 
                                        accordance with this 
                                        subsection; and
                                            ``(bb) prioritized the 
                                        project on that resilience 
                                        improvement plan.
                            ``(ii) Incorporation of resilience 
                        improvement plan in other planning.--Subject to 
                        clause (iii), the amount of the non-Federal 
                        share of the cost of a project carried out with 
                        funds under subsection (c) or a grant under 
                        subsection (d) shall be reduced by 3 percentage 
                        points if--
                                    ``(I) in the case of a State or an 
                                eligible entity that is a State or a 
                                metropolitan planning organization, the 
                                resilience improvement plan developed 
                                in accordance with this subsection has 
                                been incorporated into the metropolitan 
                                transportation plan under section 134 
                                or the long-range statewide 
                                transportation plan under section 135, 
                                as applicable; and
                                    ``(II) in the case of an eligible 
                                entity not described in subclause (I), 
                                the eligible entity is located in a 
                                State or an area served by a 
                                metropolitan planning organization that 
                                incorporated a resilience improvement 
                                plan into the metropolitan 
                                transportation plan under section 134 
                                or the long-range statewide 
                                transportation plan under section 135, 
                                as applicable.
                            ``(iii) Limitations.--
                                    ``(I) Maximum reduction.--A State 
                                or eligible entity may not receive a 
                                reduction under this paragraph of more 
                                than 10 percentage points for any 
                                single project carried out with funds 
                                under subsection (c) or a grant under 
                                subsection (d).
                                    ``(II) No negative non-federal 
                                share.--A reduction under this 
                                paragraph shall not reduce the non-
                                Federal share of the costs of a project 
                                carried out with funds under subsection 
                                (c) or a grant under subsection (d) to 
                                an amount that is less than zero.
            ``(2) Plan contents.--A resilience improvement plan 
        referred to in paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) shall be for the immediate and long-range 
                planning activities and investments of the State or 
                metropolitan planning organization with respect to 
                resilience;
                    ``(B) shall demonstrate a systemic approach to 
                transportation system resilience and be consistent with 
                and complementary of the State and local mitigation 
                plans required under section 322 of the Robert T. 
                Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 5165);
                    ``(C) shall--
                            ``(i) include a risk-based assessment of 
                        vulnerabilities of transportation assets and 
                        systems to current and future weather events 
                        and natural disasters, such as severe storms, 
                        flooding, drought, levee and dam failures, 
                        wildfire, rockslides, mudslides, sea level 
                        rise, extreme weather, including extreme 
                        temperatures, and earthquakes;
                            ``(ii) designate evacuation routes and 
                        strategies, including multimodal facilities, 
                        designated with consideration for individuals 
                        without access to personal vehicles;
                            ``(iii) plan for response to anticipated 
                        emergencies, including plans for the mobility 
                        of--
                                    ``(I) emergency response personnel 
                                and equipment; and
                                    ``(II) access to emergency 
                                services, including for vulnerable or 
                                disadvantaged populations;
                            ``(iv) describe the resilience improvement 
                        policies, including strategies, land-use and 
                        zoning changes, investments in natural 
                        infrastructure, or performance measures that 
                        will inform the transportation investment 
                        decisions of the State or metropolitan planning 
                        organization with the goal of increasing 
                        resilience;
                            ``(v) include an investment plan that--
                                    ``(I) includes a list of priority 
                                projects; and
                                    ``(II) describes how funds provided 
                                by a grant under the program would be 
                                invested and matched, which shall not 
                                be subject to fiscal constraint 
                                requirements; and
                            ``(vi) use science and data and indicate 
                        the source of data and methodologies; and
                    ``(D) shall, as appropriate--
                            ``(i) include a description of how the plan 
                        will improve the ability of the State or 
                        metropolitan planning organization--
                                    ``(I) to respond promptly to the 
                                impacts of weather events and natural 
                                disasters; and
                                    ``(II) to be prepared for changing 
                                conditions, such as sea level rise and 
                                increased flood risk;
                            ``(ii) describe the codes, standards, and 
                        regulatory framework, if any, adopted and 
                        enforced to ensure resilience improvements 
                        within the impacted area of proposed projects 
                        included in the resilience improvement plan;
                            ``(iii) consider the benefits of combining 
                        hard infrastructure assets, and natural 
                        infrastructure, through coordinated efforts by 
                        the Federal Government and the States;
                            ``(iv) assess the resilience of other 
                        community assets, including buildings and 
                        housing, emergency management assets, and 
                        energy, water, and communication 
                        infrastructure;
                            ``(v) use a long-term planning period; and
                            ``(vi) include such other information as 
                        the eligible entity considers appropriate.
            ``(3) No new planning requirements.--Nothing in this 
        section requires a metropolitan planning organization or a 
        State to develop a resilience improvement plan or to include a 
        resilience improvement plan under the metropolitan 
        transportation plan under section 134 or the long-range 
        statewide transportation plan under section 135, as applicable, 
        of the metropolitan planning organization or State.
    ``(g) Monitoring.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
        of enactment of this section, the Secretary, in consultation 
        with the officials described in subsection (e), shall--
                    ``(A) establish, for the purpose of evaluating the 
                effectiveness and impacts of projects carried out under 
                the program--
                            ``(i) subject to paragraph (2), 
                        transportation and any other metrics as the 
                        Secretary determines to be necessary; and
                            ``(ii) procedures for monitoring and 
                        evaluating projects based on those metrics; and
                    ``(B) select a representative sample of projects to 
                evaluate based on the metrics and procedures 
                established under subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Notice.--Before adopting any metrics described in 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) publish the proposed metrics in the Federal 
                Register; and
                    ``(B) provide to the public an opportunity for 
                comment on the proposed metrics.
    ``(h) Reports.--
            ``(1) Reports from eligible entities.--Not later than 1 
        year after the date on which a project carried out under the 
        program is completed, the entity that carried out the project 
        shall submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the 
        project and the use of the funds received under the program.
            ``(2) Reports to congress.--
                    ``(A) Annual reports.--The Secretary shall submit 
                to Congress, and publish on the website of the 
                Department of Transportation, an annual report that 
                describes the implementation of the program during the 
                preceding calendar year, including--
                            ``(i) each project for which a grant was 
                        provided under the program;
                            ``(ii) information relating to project 
                        applications received;
                            ``(iii) the manner in which the 
                        consultation requirements were implemented 
                        under this section;
                            ``(iv) recommendations to improve the 
                        administration of the program, including 
                        whether assistance from additional or fewer 
                        agencies to carry out the program is 
                        appropriate;
                            ``(v) the period required to disburse grant 
                        funds to recipients based on applicable Federal 
                        coordination requirements; and
                            ``(vi) a list of facilities that repeatedly 
                        require repair or reconstruction due to 
                        emergency events.
                    ``(B) Final report.--Not later than 5 years after 
                the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Secretary shall submit 
                to Congress a report that includes the results of the 
                reports submitted under subparagraph (A).
    ``(i) Administrative Expenses.--The Secretary shall use not more 
than 5 percent of the amounts made available to carry out the program 
for each fiscal year for the costs of administering the program, 
including monitoring and evaluation under subsection (g).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code (as amended by section 1403(b)), is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 178 the following:

``179. Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, Efficient, 
                            and Cost-saving Transportation (PROTECT) 
                            grant program.''.

SEC. 1408. DIESEL EMISSIONS REDUCTION.

    (a) Reauthorization of Diesel Emissions Reduction Program.--Section 
797(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16137(a)) is amended 
by striking ``2016'' and inserting ``2024''.
    (b) Recognizing Differences in Diesel Vehicle, Engine, Equipment, 
and Fleet Use.--
            (1) National grant, rebate, and loan programs.--Section 
        792(c)(4)(D) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
        16132(c)(4)(D)) is amended by inserting ``, recognizing 
        differences in typical vehicle, engine, equipment, and fleet 
        use throughout the United States'' before the semicolon.
            (2) State grant, rebate, and loan programs.--Section 
        793(b)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
        16133(b)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) the recognition, for purposes of implementing 
                this section, of differences in typical vehicle, 
                engine, equipment, and fleet use throughout the United 
                States, including expected useful life; and''.
    (c) Reallocation of Unused State Funds.--Section 793(c)(2)(C) of 
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16133(c)(2)(C)) is amended 
beginning in the matter preceding clause (i) by striking ``to each 
remaining'' and all that follows through ``this paragraph'' in clause 
(ii) and inserting ``to carry out section 792''.

                       Subtitle E--Miscellaneous

SEC. 1501. ADDITIONAL DEPOSITS INTO HIGHWAY TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Section 105 of title 23, United States Code, is 
repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 1 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 
105.

SEC. 1502. STOPPING THREATS ON PEDESTRIANS.

    (a) Definition of Bollard Installation Project.--In this section, 
the term ``bollard installation project'' means a project to install 
raised concrete or metal posts on a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway that 
are designed to slow or stop a motor vehicle.
    (b) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act and subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Secretary shall establish and carry out a 
competitive grant pilot program to provide assistance to local 
government entities for bollard installation projects designed to 
prevent pedestrian injuries and acts of terrorism in areas used by 
large numbers of pedestrians.
    (c) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this 
section, a local government entity shall submit to the Secretary an 
application at such time, in such form, and containing such information 
as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, which shall include, at 
a minimum--
            (1) a description of the proposed bollard installation 
        project to be carried out;
            (2) a description of the pedestrian injury or terrorism 
        risks with respect to the proposed installation area; and
            (3) an analysis of how the proposed bollard installation 
        project will mitigate those risks.
    (d) Use of Funds.--A recipient of a grant under this section may 
only use the grant funds for a bollard installation project.
    (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the costs of a bollard 
installation project carried out with a grant under this section may be 
up to 100 percent.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $5,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.

SEC. 1503. TRANSFER AND SALE OF TOLL CREDITS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Originating state.--The term ``originating State'' 
        means a State that--
                    (A) is eligible to use a credit under section 
                120(i) of title 23, United States Code; and
                    (B) has been selected by the Secretary under 
                subsection (d)(2).
            (2) Pilot program.--The term ``pilot program'' means the 
        pilot program established under subsection (b).
            (3) Recipient state.--The term ``recipient State'' means a 
        State that receives a credit by transfer or by sale under this 
        section from an originating State.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code.
    (b) Establishment of Pilot Program.--The Secretary shall establish 
and implement a toll credit exchange pilot program in accordance with 
this section.
    (c) Purposes.--The purposes of the pilot program are--
            (1) to identify the extent of the demand to purchase toll 
        credits;
            (2) to identify the cash price of toll credits through 
        bilateral transactions between States;
            (3) to analyze the impact of the purchase or sale of toll 
        credits on transportation expenditures;
            (4) to test the feasibility of expanding the pilot program 
        to allow all States to participate on a permanent basis; and
            (5) to identify any other repercussions of the toll credit 
        exchange.
    (d) Selection of Originating States.--
            (1) Application.--In order to participate in the pilot 
        program as an originating State, a State shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require, 
        including, at a minimum, such information as is required for 
        the Secretary to verify--
                    (A) the amount of unused toll credits for which the 
                State has submitted certification to the Secretary that 
                are available to be sold or transferred under the pilot 
                program, including--
                            (i) toll revenue generated and the sources 
                        of that revenue;
                            (ii) toll revenue used by public, quasi-
                        public, and private agencies to build, improve, 
                        or maintain highways, bridges, or tunnels that 
                        serve the public purpose of interstate 
                        commerce; and
                            (iii) an accounting of any Federal funds 
                        used by the public, quasi-public, or private 
                        agency to build, improve, or maintain the toll 
                        facility, to validate that the credit has been 
                        reduced by a percentage equal to the percentage 
                        of the total cost of building, improving, or 
                        maintaining the facility that was derived from 
                        Federal funds;
                    (B) the documentation of maintenance of effort for 
                toll credits earned by the originating State; and
                    (C) the accuracy of the accounting system of the 
                State to earn and track toll credits.
            (2) Selection.--Of the States that submit an application 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary may select not more than 10 
        States to be designated as an originating State.
            (3) Limitation on sales.--At any time, the Secretary may 
        limit the amount of unused toll credits that may be offered for 
        sale under the pilot program.
    (e) Transfer or Sale of Credits.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the pilot program, the 
        Secretary shall provide that an originating State may transfer 
        or sell to a recipient State a credit not previously used by 
        the originating State under section 120(i) of title 23, United 
        States Code.
            (2) Website support.--The Secretary shall make available a 
        publicly accessible website on which originating States shall 
        post the amount of toll credits, verified under subsection 
        (d)(1)(A), that are available for sale or transfer to a 
        recipient State.
            (3) Bilateral transactions.--An originating State and a 
        recipient State may enter into a bilateral transaction to sell 
        or transfer verified toll credits.
            (4) Notification.--Not later than 30 days after the date on 
        which a credit is transferred or sold, the originating State 
        and the recipient State shall jointly submit to the Secretary a 
        written notification of the transfer or sale, including details 
        on--
                    (A) the amount of toll credits that have been sold 
                or transferred;
                    (B) the price paid or other value transferred in 
                exchange for the toll credits;
                    (C) the intended use by the recipient State of the 
                toll credits, if known;
                    (D) the intended use by the originating State of 
                the cash or other value transferred;
                    (E) an update on the toll credit balance of the 
                originating State and the recipient State; and
                    (F) any other information about the transaction 
                that the Secretary may require.
            (5) Use of credits by transferee or purchaser.--A recipient 
        State may use a credit received under paragraph (1) toward the 
        non-Federal share requirement for any funds made available to 
        carry out title 23 or chapter 53 of title 49, United States 
        Code, in accordance with section 120(i) of title 23, United 
        States Code.
            (6) Use of proceeds from sale of credits.--An originating 
        State shall use the proceeds from the sale of a credit under 
        paragraph (1) for the construction costs of any project in the 
        originating State that is eligible under title 23, United 
        States Code.
    (f) Reporting Requirements.--
            (1) Initial report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        on which the pilot program is established, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
        of the House of Representatives a report on the progress of the 
        pilot program.
            (2) Final report.--Not later than 3 years after the date on 
        which the pilot program is established, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) submit to the Committee on Environment and 
                Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives a report that--
                            (i) determines whether a toll credit 
                        marketplace is viable and cost-effective;
                            (ii) describes the buying and selling 
                        activities under the pilot program;
                            (iii) describes the average sale price of 
                        toll credits;
                            (iv) determines whether the pilot program 
                        could be expanded to more States or all States 
                        or to non-State operators of toll facilities;
                            (v) provides updated information on the 
                        toll credit balance accumulated by each State; 
                        and
                            (vi) describes the list of projects that 
                        were assisted by the pilot program; and
                    (B) make the report under subparagraph (A) publicly 
                available on the website of the Department.
    (g) Termination.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary may terminate the pilot 
        program or the participation of any State in the pilot program 
        if the Secretary determines that--
                    (A) the pilot program is not serving a public 
                benefit; or
                    (B) it is not cost effective to carry out the pilot 
                program.
            (2) Procedures.--The termination of the pilot program or 
        the participation of a State in the pilot program shall be 
        carried out consistent with Federal requirements for project 
        closeout, adjustment, and continuing responsibilities.

SEC. 1504. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROADS AND TRAILS REMEDIATION PROGRAM.

    Public Law 88-657 (16 U.S.C. 532 et seq.) (commonly known as the 
``Forest Roads and Trails Act'') is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 8. FOREST SERVICE LEGACY ROADS AND TRAILS REMEDIATION PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary, acting through the Chief of 
the Forest Service, shall establish, and develop a national strategy to 
carry out, a program, to be known as the `Forest Service Legacy Roads 
and Trails Remediation Program', within the National Forest System, to 
carry out critical maintenance and urgent repairs and improvements on 
National Forest System roads, trails, and bridges.
    ``(b) Priority.--In implementing the program under this section, 
the Secretary may give priority to any project that protects or 
restores--
            ``(1) water quality;
            ``(2) a watershed that feeds a public drinking water 
        system;
            ``(3) important wildlife habitat, as determined by the 
        Secretary, in consultation with each affected State, including 
        habitat of threatened, endangered, or sensitive fish or 
        wildlife species; or
            ``(4) historic public access for authorized multiple uses 
        of National Forest System land in accordance with the Multiple-
        Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 528 et seq.), 
        including grazing, recreation, hunting, fishing, forest 
        management, wildfire mitigation, and ecosystem restoration.
    ``(c) National Forest System.--Except as authorized under section 
323 of the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 1999 (16 U.S.C. 1011a), each project carried out 
under this section shall be on a National Forest System road or trail.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $50,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025, to remain available until 
expended.''.

SEC. 1505. DISASTER RELIEF MOBILIZATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Local community.--The term ``local community'' means--
                    (A) a unit of local government;
                    (B) a political subdivision of a State or local 
                government;
                    (C) a metropolitan planning organization (as 
                defined in section 134(b) of title 23, United States 
                Code);
                    (D) a rural planning organization; or
                    (E) a Tribal government.
            (2) Pilot program.--The term ``pilot program'' means the 
        pilot program established by the Secretary under subsection 
        (b).
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish and carry out a 
pilot program under which the Secretary shall provide grants to local 
communities to develop disaster preparedness and disaster response 
plans that include the use of bicycles.
    (c) Application and Selection Requirements.--
            (1) Partnerships.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        the pilot program, a local community shall demonstrate plans to 
        enter into a partnership with--
                    (A) 1 or more nonprofit community organizations; or
                    (B) 1 or more bicycle or pedestrian advocacy 
                organizations.
            (2) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        the pilot program, a local community shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require, 
        including an identification of each nonprofit community 
        organization and bicycle or pedestrian advocacy organization 
        with which the local community plans to establish a partnership 
        under paragraph (1).
            (3) Selection.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
        select not fewer than 4, and not more than 10, local 
        communities that meet the eligibility requirements to receive a 
        grant under the pilot program.
    (d) Maximum Amount.--The maximum amount of a grant under the pilot 
program shall be $125,000.
    (e) Use of Funds.--
            (1) Vulnerability assessment.--
                    (A) In general.--Each recipient of a grant under 
                the pilot program shall carry out a vulnerability 
                assessment of active transportation infrastructure in 
                the applicable community, with a particular focus on 
                areas in the local community that--
                            (i) have low levels of vehicle ownership; 
                        and
                            (ii) lack sufficient active transportation 
                        infrastructure routes to public transportation.
                    (B) Public participation.--In carrying out the 
                vulnerability assessment under subparagraph (A), a 
                grant recipient shall--
                            (i) provide an opportunity for public 
                        participation and feedback; and
                            (ii) consider public feedback in developing 
                        or modifying response plans under paragraph 
                        (2).
            (2) Disaster preparedness and disaster response plans.--
                    (A) In general.--Each recipient of a grant under 
                the pilot program shall develop or modify, as 
                applicable, disaster preparedness and disaster response 
                plans to include the use of bicycles by first 
                responders, emergency workers, and community 
                organization representatives--
                            (i) during an evacuation--
                                    (I) to notify residents of the need 
                                to evacuate;
                                    (II) to evacuate individuals and 
                                goods; and
                                    (III) to reach individuals who are 
                                in need of first aid and medical 
                                assistance; and
                            (ii) after a disaster--
                                    (I) to assist in searching for and 
                                locating individuals in the disaster 
                                area;
                                    (II) to carry--
                                            (aa) water;
                                            (bb) food;
                                            (cc) first aid and other 
                                        medical supplies; and
                                            (dd) power sources and 
                                        electric supplies, such as cell 
                                        phones, radios, lights, and 
                                        batteries;
                                    (III) to reach individuals who are 
                                in need of the items described in 
                                subclause (II); and
                                    (IV) to assist with other disaster 
                                relief tasks, as appropriate.
                    (B) Training and practice.--As part of the plans 
                under subparagraph (A), a grant recipient shall--
                            (i) provide training for first responders, 
                        emergency workers, and community organization 
                        representatives regarding--
                                    (I) competent bicycle skills, 
                                including the use of cargo bicycles and 
                                electric bicycles, as applicable;
                                    (II) basic bicycle maintenance; and
                                    (III) methods to use bicycles to 
                                carry out the activities described in 
                                clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph 
                                (A); and
                            (ii) include in the plans a plan for--
                                    (I) practicing the skills described 
                                in clause (i); and
                                    (II) maintaining bicycles and 
                                related equipment.
                    (C) Bike supply.--As part of the plans under 
                subparagraph (A), a grant recipient shall provide 
                bicycles, as necessary and appropriate, to each 
                community organization acting in partnership with the 
                recipient to allow representatives of the organization 
                to assist in disaster preparedness and disaster 
                response efforts.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that--
            (1) describes the activities carried out under the pilot 
        program;
            (2) analyzes the effectiveness of the pilot program; and
            (3) includes recommendations, if any, regarding methods by 
        which to incorporate bicycles into disaster preparedness and 
        disaster response plans in other communities.

SEC. 1506. APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Definition of Appalachian Region, North Carolina.--Section 
14102(a)(1)(G) of title 40, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``Catawba,'' after ``Caldwell,''; and
            (2) by inserting ``Cleveland,'' after ``Clay,''.
    (b) Appalachian Regional Energy Hub Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter I of chapter 145 of subtitle IV 
        of title 40, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
``Sec. 14511. Appalachian regional energy hub initiative
    ``(a) In General.--The Appalachian Regional Commission may provide 
technical assistance to, make grants to, enter into contracts with, or 
otherwise provide amounts to individuals or entities in the Appalachian 
region for projects and activities--
            ``(1) to conduct research and analysis regarding the 
        economic impact of an ethane storage hub in the Appalachian 
        region that supports a more-effective energy market performance 
        due to the scale of the project, such as a project with the 
        capacity to store and distribute more than 100,000 barrels per 
        day of hydrocarbon feedstock with a minimum gross heating value 
        of 1,700 Btu per standard cubic foot;
            ``(2) with the potential to significantly contribute to the 
        economic resilience of the area in which the project is 
        located; and
            ``(3) that will help establish a regional energy hub in the 
        Appalachian region for natural gas and natural gas liquids, 
        including storage and associated pipelines.
    ``(b) Limitation on Available Amounts.--Of the cost of any activity 
eligible for a grant under this section--
            ``(1) not more than 50 percent may be provided from amounts 
        made available to carry out this section;
            ``(2) in the case of a project to be carried out in a 
        county for which a distressed county designation is in effect 
        under section 14526, not more than 80 percent may be provided 
        from amounts made available to carry out this section; and
            ``(3) in the case of a project to be carried out in a 
        county for which an at-risk county designation is in effect 
        under section 14526, not more than 70 percent may be provided 
        from amounts made available to carry out this section.
    ``(c) Sources of Assistance.--Subject to subsection (b), a grant 
provided under this section may be provided from amounts made available 
to carry out this section, in combination with amounts made available--
            ``(1) under any other Federal program; or
            ``(2) from any other source.
    ``(d) Federal Share.--Notwithstanding any provision of law limiting 
the Federal share under any other Federal program, amounts made 
available to carry out this section may be used to increase that 
Federal share, as the Appalachian Regional Commission determines to be 
appropriate.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for subchapter I of 
        chapter 145 of title 40, United States Code, is amended by 
        inserting after the item relating to section 14510 the 
        following:

``14511. Appalachian regional energy hub initiative.''.
    (c) Authorizations.--Section 14703 of title 40, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``through 2020.'' 
                and inserting ``through 2020; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) $180,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 
        2025.'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) by striking ``$10,000,000'' and inserting 
                ``$20,000,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2020'' and inserting ``2025'';
            (3) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections 
        (e) and (f), respectively; and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Appalachian Regional Energy Hub Initiative.--Of the amounts 
made available under subsection (a), $5,000,000 shall be used to carry 
out section 14511 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025.''.
    (d) Termination.--Section 14704 of title 40, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``2020'' and inserting ``2025''.

SEC. 1507. REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS CARRIED OUT THROUGH 
              PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Project.--The term ``project'' means a project (as 
        defined in section 101 of title 23, United States Code) that--
                    (A) is carried out, in whole or in part, using 
                Federal financial assistance; and
                    (B) has an estimated total cost of $100,000,000 or 
                more.
            (2) Public-private partnership.--The term ``public-private 
        partnership'' means an agreement between a public agency and a 
        private entity to finance, build, and maintain or operate a 
        project.
    (b) Requirements for Projects Carried Out Through Public-Private 
Partnerships.--With respect to a public-private partnership, as a 
condition of receiving Federal financial assistance for a project, the 
Secretary shall require the public partner, not later than 3 years 
after the date of opening of the project to traffic--
            (1) to conduct a review of the project, including a review 
        of the compliance of the private partner with the terms of the 
        public-private partnership agreement;
            (2)(A) to certify to the Secretary that the private partner 
        of the public-private partnership is meeting the terms of the 
        public-private partnership agreement for the project; or
            (B) to notify the Secretary that the private partner of the 
        public-private partnership has not met 1 or more of the terms 
        of the public-private partnership agreement for the project, 
        including a brief description of each violation of the public-
        private partnership agreement; and
            (3) to make publicly available the certification or 
        notification, as applicable, under paragraph (2) in a form that 
        does not disclose any proprietary or confidential business 
        information.
    (c) Notification.--If the Secretary provides Federal financial 
assistance to a project carried out through a public-private 
partnership, not later than 30 days after the date on which the Federal 
financial assistance is first obligated, the Secretary shall submit to 
the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives a notification of the Federal financial assistance made 
available for the project.
    (d) Value for Money Analysis.--
            (1) Project approval and oversight.--Section 106(h)(3) of 
        title 23, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                subparagraph (E); and
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                    ``(D) for a project in which the project sponsor 
                intends to carry out the project through a public-
                private partnership agreement, shall include a detailed 
                value for money analysis or similar comparative 
                analysis for the project; and''.
            (2) Surface transportation block grant program.--Paragraph 
        (16) of section 133(b) of title 23, United States Code (as 
        redesignated by section 1109(a)(1)(C)), is amended by inserting 
        ``, including conducting value for money analyses or similar 
        comparative analyses,'' after ``oversight''.
            (3) TIFIA.--Section 602(a) of title 23, United States Code, 
        is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(11) Public-private partnerships.--In the case of a 
        project to be carried out through a public-private partnership, 
        the public partner shall have--
                    ``(A) conducted a value for money analysis or 
                similar comparative analysis; and
                    ``(B) determined the appropriateness of the public-
                private partnership agreement.''.
    (e) Applicability.--This section and the amendments made by this 
section shall only apply to a public-private partnership agreement 
entered into on or after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1508. COMMUNITY CONNECTIVITY PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definition of Eligible Facility.--
            (1) In general.--In this section, the term ``eligible 
        facility'' means a highway or other transportation facility 
        that creates a barrier to community connectivity, including 
        barriers to mobility, access, or economic development, due to 
        high speeds, grade separations, or other design factors.
            (2) Inclusions.--In this section, the term ``eligible 
        facility'' may include--
                    (A) a limited access highway;
                    (B) a viaduct; and
                    (C) any other principal arterial facility.
    (b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program 
through which an eligible entity may apply for funding--
            (1) to study the feasibility and impacts of removing an 
        existing eligible facility;
            (2) to conduct planning activities necessary to design a 
        project to remove an existing eligible facility; and
            (3) to conduct construction activities necessary to carry 
        out a project to remove an existing eligible facility.
    (c) Planning Grants.--
            (1) Eligible entities.--The Secretary may award a grant 
        (referred to in this section as a ``planning grant'') to carry 
        out planning activities described in paragraph (2) to--
                    (A) a State;
                    (B) a unit of local government;
                    (C) a Tribal government;
                    (D) a metropolitan planning organization; and
                    (E) a nonprofit organization.
            (2) Eligible activities described.--The planning activities 
        referred to in paragraph (1) are--
                    (A) planning studies to evaluate the feasibility of 
                removing an eligible facility, including evaluations 
                of--
                            (i) current traffic patterns on the 
                        eligible facility proposed for removal and the 
                        surrounding street network;
                            (ii) the capacity of existing 
                        transportation networks to maintain mobility 
                        needs;
                            (iii) an analysis of alternative roadway 
                        designs or other uses for the right-of-way of 
                        the eligible facility, including an analysis of 
                        whether the available right-of-way would 
                        suffice to create an alternative roadway 
                        design;
                            (iv) the effect of the removal of the 
                        eligible facility on the mobility of freight 
                        and people;
                            (v) the effect of the removal of the 
                        eligible facility on the safety of the 
                        traveling public;
                            (vi) the cost to remove the eligible 
                        facility and to convert the eligible facility 
                        to a different roadway design or use, compared 
                        to any expected costs for necessary maintenance 
                        or reconstruction of the eligible facility;
                            (vii) the anticipated economic impact of 
                        removing and converting the eligible facility 
                        and any economic development opportunities that 
                        would be created by removing and converting the 
                        eligible facility; and
                            (viii) the environmental impacts of 
                        retaining or reconstructing the eligible 
                        facility and the anticipated effect of the 
                        proposed alternative use or roadway design;
                    (B) public engagement activities to provide 
                opportunities for public input into a plan to remove 
                and convert an eligible facility; and
                    (C) other transportation planning activities 
                required in advance of a project to remove an existing 
                eligible facility, as determined by the Secretary.
            (3) Technical assistance program.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may provide 
                technical assistance described in subparagraph (B) to 
                an eligible entity.
                    (B) Technical assistance described.--The technical 
                assistance referred to in subparagraph (A) is technical 
                assistance in building organizational or community 
                capacity--
                            (i) to engage in transportation planning; 
                        and
                            (ii) to identify innovative solutions to 
                        infrastructure challenges, including 
                        reconnecting communities that--
                                    (I) are bifurcated by eligible 
                                facilities; or
                                    (II) lack safe, reliable, and 
                                affordable transportation choices.
                    (C) Priorities.--In selecting recipients of 
                technical assistance under subparagraph (A), the 
                Secretary shall give priority to an application from a 
                community that is economically disadvantaged.
            (4) Selection.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) solicit applications for--
                            (i) planning grants; and
                            (ii) technical assistance under paragraph 
                        (3); and
                    (B) evaluate applications for a planning grant on 
                the basis of the demonstration by the applicant that--
                            (i) the eligible facility is aged and is 
                        likely to need replacement or significant 
                        reconstruction within the 20-year period 
                        beginning on the date of the submission of the 
                        application;
                            (ii) the eligible facility--
                                    (I) creates barriers to mobility, 
                                access, or economic development; or
                                    (II) is not justified by current 
                                and forecast future travel demand; and
                            (iii) on the basis of preliminary 
                        investigations into the feasibility of removing 
                        the eligible facility, further investigation is 
                        necessary and likely to be productive.
            (5) Award amounts.--A planning grant may not exceed 
        $2,000,000 per recipient.
            (6) Federal share.--The total Federal share of the cost of 
        a planning activity for which a planning grant is used shall 
        not exceed 80 percent.
    (d) Capital Construction Grants.--
            (1) Eligible entities.--The Secretary may award a grant 
        (referred to in this section as a ``capital construction 
        grant'') to the owner of an eligible facility to carry out an 
        eligible project described in paragraph (3) for which all 
        necessary feasibility studies and other planning activities 
        have been completed.
            (2) Partnerships.--An owner of an eligible facility may, 
        for the purposes of submitting an application for a capital 
        construction grant, if applicable, partner with--
                    (A) a State;
                    (B) a unit of local government;
                    (C) a Tribal government;
                    (D) a metropolitan planning organization; or
                    (E) a nonprofit organization.
            (3) Eligible projects.--A project eligible to be carried 
        out with a capital construction grant includes--
                    (A) the removal of an eligible facility; and
                    (B) the replacement of an eligible facility with a 
                new facility that is--
                            (i) sensitive to the context of the 
                        surrounding community; and
                            (ii) otherwise eligible for funding under 
                        title 23, United States Code.
            (4) Selection.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) solicit applications for capital construction 
                grants; and
                    (B) evaluate applications on the basis of--
                            (i) the degree to which the project will 
                        improve mobility and access through the removal 
                        of barriers;
                            (ii) the appropriateness of removing the 
                        eligible facility, based on current traffic 
                        patterns and the ability of the replacement 
                        facility and the regional transportation 
                        network to absorb transportation demand and 
                        provide safe mobility and access;
                            (iii) the impact of the project on freight 
                        movement;
                            (iv) the results of a cost-benefit analysis 
                        of the project;
                            (v) the opportunities for inclusive 
                        economic development;
                            (vi) the degree to which the eligible 
                        facility is out of context with the current or 
                        planned land use;
                            (vii) the results of any feasibility study 
                        completed for the project; and
                            (viii) the plan of the applicant for--
                                    (I) employing residents in the area 
                                impacted by the project through 
                                targeted hiring programs, in 
                                partnership with registered 
                                apprenticeship programs, if applicable; 
                                and
                                    (II) contracting and subcontracting 
                                with disadvantaged business 
                                enterprises.
            (5) Minimum award amounts.--A capital construction grant 
        shall be in an amount not less than $5,000,000 per recipient.
            (6) Federal share.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), a 
                capital construction grant may not exceed 50 percent of 
                the total cost of the project for which the grant is 
                awarded.
                    (B) Maximum federal involvement.--Federal 
                assistance other than a capital construction grant may 
                be used to satisfy the non-Federal share of the cost of 
                a project for which the grant is awarded, except that 
                the total Federal assistance provided for a project for 
                which the grant is awarded may not exceed 80 percent of 
                the total cost of the project.
            (7) Community advisory board.--
                    (A) In general.--To help achieve inclusive economic 
                development benefits with respect to the project for 
                which a grant is awarded, a grant recipient may form a 
                community advisory board, which shall--
                            (i) facilitate community engagement with 
                        respect to the project; and
                            (ii) track progress with respect to 
                        commitments of the grant recipient to inclusive 
                        employment, contracting, and economic 
                        development under the project.
                    (B) Membership.--If a grant recipient forms a 
                community advisory board under subparagraph (A), the 
                community advisory board shall be composed of 
                representatives of--
                            (i) the community;
                            (ii) owners of businesses that serve the 
                        community;
                            (iii) labor organizations that represent 
                        workers that serve the community; and
                            (iv) State and local government.
    (e) Reports.--
            (1) USDOT report on pilot program.--Not later than January 
        1, 2025, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on 
        Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives a report that evaluates the pilot program under 
        this section, including--
                    (A) information about the level of applicant 
                interest in planning grants, technical assistance under 
                subsection (c)(3), and capital construction grants, 
                including the extent to which overall demand exceeded 
                available funds; and
                    (B) for recipients of capital construction grants, 
                the outcomes and impacts of the highway removal 
                project, including--
                            (i) any changes in the overall level of 
                        mobility, congestion, access, and safety in the 
                        project area; and
                            (ii) environmental impacts and economic 
                        development opportunities in the project area.
            (2) GAO report on highway removals.--Not later than 2 years 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
        General of the United States shall issue a report that--
                    (A) identifies examples of projects to remove 
                highways using Federal highway funds;
                    (B) evaluates the effect of highway removal 
                projects on the surrounding area, including impacts to 
                the local economy, congestion effects, safety outcomes, 
                and impacts on the movement of freight and people;
                    (C) evaluates the existing Federal-aid program 
                eligibility under title 23, United States Code, for 
                highway removal projects;
                    (D) analyzes the costs and benefits of and barriers 
                to removing underutilized highways that are nearing the 
                end of their useful life compared to replacing or 
                reconstructing the highway; and
                    (E) provides recommendations for integrating those 
                assessments into transportation planning and decision-
                making processes.
    (f) Technical Assistance.--Of the funds made available to carry out 
this section for planning grants, the Secretary may use not more than 
$15,000,000 during the period of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 to 
provide technical assistance under subsection (c)(3).

SEC. 1509. REPEAL OF RESCISSION.

    (a) In General.--Section 1438 of the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 
129 Stat. 1432) is repealed.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of 
the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 129 Stat. 1312) is amended by striking 
the item relating to section 1438.

SEC. 1510. FEDERAL INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP FOR CONVERSION OF FEDERAL 
              FLEET TO HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES, ELECTRIC VEHICLES, AND 
              ALTERNATIVE FUELED VEHICLES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality shall 
coordinate and chair a Federal interagency working group to develop a 
strategy to transition the vehicle fleets of the respective Federal 
agencies to hybrid-electric vehicles, plug-in electric drive vehicles, 
and alternative fueled vehicles (as defined in section 301 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13211)), to the maximum extent 
practicable.
    (b) Goals.--The goals of the interagency working group established 
under subsection (a) are--
            (1) to ensure that the Federal vehicle fleet is at the 
        leading edge of transitioning to clean energy sources; and
            (2) to develop targets for each year such that the total 
        number of vehicles purchased for the Federal fleet in the 
        applicable year includes a percentage of hybrid-electric 
        vehicles, plug-in electric drive vehicles, and alternative 
        fueled vehicles that is not less than the percentage of hybrid-
        electric vehicles, plug-in electric drive vehicles, and 
        alternative fueled vehicles purchased in the United States in 
        the previous year.
    (c) Requirement.--In developing the strategy under subsection (a), 
the interagency working group established under that subsection shall 
consider--
            (1) cost-effectiveness; and
            (2) the types of vehicles that are appropriate to the 
        mission of each Federal agency.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Federal interagency working 
group shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of 
the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
the House of Representatives a report that describes the progress made 
toward implementing the strategy developed under subsection (a).

SEC. 1511. CYBERSECURITY TOOL; CYBER COORDINATOR.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration.
            (2) Cyber incident.--The term ``cyber incident'' has the 
        meaning given the term ``significant cyber incident'' in 
        Presidential Policy Directive-41 (July 26, 2016, relating to 
        cyber incident coordination).
            (3) Transportation authority.--The term ``transportation 
        authority'' means--
                    (A) a public authority (as defined in section 
                101(a) of title 23, United States Code);
                    (B) an owner or operator of a highway (as defined 
                in section 101(a) of title 23, United States Code);
                    (C) a manufacturer that manufactures a product 
                related to transportation; and
                    (D) a division office of the Federal Highway 
                Administration.
    (b) Cybersecurity Tool.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a tool 
        to assist transportation authorities in identifying, detecting, 
        protecting against, responding to, and recovering from cyber 
        incidents.
            (2) Requirements.--In developing the tool under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall--
                    (A) use the cybersecurity framework established by 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology and 
                required by Executive Order 13636 of February 12, 2013 
                (78 Fed. Reg. 11739; relating to improving critical 
                infrastructure cybersecurity);
                    (B) establish a structured cybersecurity assessment 
                and development program;
                    (C) consult with appropriate transportation 
                authorities, operating agencies, industry stakeholders, 
                and cybersecurity experts; and
                    (D) provide for a period of public comment and 
                review on the tool.
    (c) Designation of Cyber Coordinator.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall designate an 
        office as a ``cyber coordinator'', which shall be responsible 
        for monitoring, alerting, and advising transportation 
        authorities of cyber incidents.
            (2) Requirements.--The office designated under paragraph 
        (1) shall--
                    (A) provide to transportation authorities a secure 
                method of notifying a single Federal entity of cyber 
                incidents;
                    (B) monitor cyber incidents that affect 
                transportation authorities;
                    (C) alert transportation authorities to cyber 
                incidents that affect those transportation authorities;
                    (D) investigate unaddressed cyber incidents that 
                affect transportation authorities; and
                    (E) provide to transportation authorities 
                educational resources, outreach, and awareness on 
                fundamental principles and best practices in 
                cybersecurity for transportation systems.

SEC. 1512. STUDY ON MOST EFFECTIVE UPGRADES TO ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall offer to enter into an agreement with 
the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of 
Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study--
            (1) to identify specific immediate and specific long-term 
        types of improvements to roadway infrastructure that would 
        benefit the largest segment of road users, autonomous vehicles, 
        and automated driving systems; and
            (2) to examine how best to achieve uniformity in roadway 
        infrastructure to facilitate the safe deployment of autonomous 
        vehicles and automated driving systems.
    (b) Recommendations.--The study conducted under subsection (a) 
shall include recommendations to Congress relating to the matters 
studied under paragraphs (1) and (2) of that subsection.
    (c) Public Comment.--Before entering into an agreement under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for public 
comment on the study proposal.
    (d) Report.--If the Transportation Research Board enters into the 
agreement under subsection (a), to the maximum extent practicable, not 
later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress the study conducted under that 
subsection.

SEC. 1513. STUDY ON VEHICLE-TO-INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall offer to enter into an agreement with 
the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences, 
Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study to identify immediate and 
long-term safety benefits of--
            (1) vehicle-to-infrastructure connectivity technologies; 
        and
            (2) technologies that would allow motor vehicles and 
        roadway infrastructure to communicate using dedicated short-
        range communications and related safety applications.
    (b) Contents.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) recommendations to Congress on specific improvements to 
        roadway infrastructure that would be needed to facilitate the 
        implementation of--
                    (A) technologies that would allow motor vehicles 
                and roadway infrastructure to communicate using 
                dedicated short-range communications; and
                    (B) other vehicle-to-infrastructure connectivity 
                technologies; and
            (2) an evaluation of the safety, mobility, and 
        environmental impacts resulting from a delay of the adoption of 
        proven dedicated short-range communication technologies for 
        vehicle-to-infrastructure communication.
    (c) Public Comment.--Before entering into an agreement under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide an opportunity for public 
comment on the study proposal.
    (d) Report.--If the Transportation Research Board enters into the 
agreement under subsection (a), to the maximum extent practicable, not 
later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress the study conducted under this 
section.

SEC. 1514. NONHIGHWAY RECREATIONAL FUEL STUDY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Highway trust fund.--The term ``Highway Trust Fund'' 
        means the Highway Trust Fund established by section 9503(a) of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
            (2) Nonhighway recreational fuel taxes.--The term 
        ``nonhighway recreational fuel taxes'' means taxes under 
        section 4041 and 4081 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with 
        respect to fuel used in vehicles on recreational trails or back 
        country terrain (including vehicles registered for highway use 
        when used on recreational trails, trail access roads not 
        eligible for funding under title 23, United States Code, or 
        back country terrain).
            (3) Recreational trails program.--The term ``recreational 
        trails program'' means the recreational trails program under 
        section 206 of title 23, United States Code.
    (b) Assessment; Report.--
            (1) Assessment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act and not less frequently than once every 5 
        years thereafter, as determined by the Secretary, the Secretary 
        shall carry out an assessment of the best available estimate of 
        the total amount of nonhighway recreational fuel taxes received 
        by the Secretary of the Treasury and transferred to the Highway 
        Trust Fund for the period covered by the assessment.
            (2) Report.--After carrying out each assessment under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on 
        Finance and Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the 
        Committees on Ways and Means and Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report that 
        includes--
                    (A) to assist Congress in determining an 
                appropriate funding level for the recreational trails 
                program--
                            (i) a description of the results of the 
                        assessment; and
                            (ii) an evaluation of whether the current 
                        recreational trails program funding level 
                        reflects the amount of nonhighway recreational 
                        fuel taxes collected and transferred to the 
                        Highway Trust Fund; and
                    (B) in the case of the first report submitted under 
                this paragraph, an estimate of the frequency with which 
                the Secretary anticipates carrying out the assessment 
                under paragraph (1), subject to the condition that such 
                an assessment shall be carried out not less frequently 
                than once every 5 years.
    (c) Consultation.--In carrying out an assessment under subsection 
(b)(1), the Secretary may consult with, as the Secretary determines to 
be appropriate--
            (1) the heads of--
                    (A) State agencies designated by Governors pursuant 
                to section 206(c)(1) of title 23, United States Code, 
                to administer the recreational trails program; and
                    (B) division offices of the Department;
            (2) the Secretary of the Treasury;
            (3) the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
        Administration; and
            (4) groups representing recreational activities and 
        interests, including hiking, biking and mountain biking, 
        horseback riding, water trails, snowshoeing, cross-country 
        skiing, snowmobiling, off-highway motorcycling, all-terrain 
        vehicles and other offroad motorized vehicle activities, and 
        recreational trail advocates.

SEC. 1515. BUY AMERICA.

    Section 313 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following:
    ``(g) Waivers.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not less than 15 days before issuing a 
        waiver under this section, the Secretary shall provide to the 
        public--
                    ``(A) notice of the proposed waiver;
                    ``(B) an opportunity for comment on the proposed 
                waiver; and
                    ``(C) the reasons for the proposed waiver.
            ``(2) Report.--Not less frequently than annually, the 
        Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and 
        Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation 
        and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on 
        the waivers provided under this section.''.

SEC. 1516. REPORT ON DATA-DRIVEN INFRASTRUCTURE TRAFFIC SAFETY 
              IMPROVEMENTS.

    The Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration shall--
            (1) conduct a study to identify data-driven infrastructure 
        traffic safety improvements for priority focus areas identified 
        by the Administrator, including improvements that would benefit 
        older drivers, teenage drivers, commercial drivers, and other 
        vulnerable drivers;
            (2) on completion of the study under paragraph (1), submit 
        to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate 
        and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
        House of Representatives a report that--
                    (A) describes the results of the study; and
                    (B) includes recommendations for data-driven 
                infrastructure traffic safety improvements that could 
                be implemented; and
            (3) based on the results of the study, promote the use of 
        the data-driven infrastructure traffic safety improvements 
        recommended under paragraph (2)(B).

SEC. 1517. HIGH PRIORITY CORRIDORS ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM.

    (a) High Priority Corridors.--Section 1105(c) of the Intermodal 
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-240; 105 
Stat. 2032; 131 Stat. 797) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(91) United States Route 421 from the interchange with 
        Interstate Route 85 in Greensboro, North Carolina, to the 
        interchange with Interstate Route 95 in Dunn, North Carolina.
            ``(92) The Wendell H. Ford (Western Kentucky) Parkway from 
        the interchange with the William H. Natcher Parkway in Ohio 
        County, Kentucky, west to the interchange of the Western 
        Kentucky Parkway with the Edward T. Breathitt (Pennyrile) 
        Parkway.''.
    (b) Designation as Future Interstate.--Section 1105(e)(5)(A) of the 
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 
102-240; 109 Stat. 597; 131 Stat. 797) is amended in the first sentence 
by striking ``and subsection (c)(90)'' and inserting ``subsection 
(c)(90), subsection (c)(91), and subsection (c)(92)''.
    (c) Numbering of Parkway.--Section 1105(e)(5)(C)(i) of the 
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 
102-240; 109 Stat. 598; 126 Stat. 426; 131 Stat. 797) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: ``The route referred to in subsection 
(c)(92) is designated as Interstate Route I-569.''.
    (d) GAO Report on Designation of Segments as Part of Interstate 
System.--
            (1) Definition of applicable segment.--In this subsection, 
        the term ``applicable segment'' means a route described in 
        paragraph (91) or (92) of section 1105(c) of the Intermodal 
        Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-
        240; 105 Stat. 2032).
            (2) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date on which the applicable segments are open for 
                operations as part of the Interstate System, the 
                Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
                to Congress a report on the impact, if any, during that 
                2-year period of allowing the continuation of weight 
                limits that applied before the designation of the 
                applicable segment as a route on the Interstate System.
                    (B) Requirements.--The report under subparagraph 
                (A) shall--
                            (i) be informed by the views and 
                        documentation provided by the State highway 
                        agency (or equivalent agency) in each State in 
                        which an applicable segment is located;
                            (ii) describe any impacts on safety and 
                        infrastructure on the applicable segments;
                            (iii) describe any view of the State 
                        highway agency (or equivalent agency) in each 
                        State in which an applicable segment is located 
                        on the impact of the applicable segment; and
                            (iv) focus only on the applicable segments.

SEC. 1518. INTERSTATE WEIGHT LIMITS.

    Section 127 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (l)(3)(A)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding clause (i), in the 
                first sentence, by striking ``clause (i) or (ii)'' and 
                inserting ``clauses (i) through (iv)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) The Wendell H. Ford (Western 
                        Kentucky) Parkway (to be designated as a spur 
                        of Interstate Route 69) from the interchange 
                        with the William H. Natcher Parkway in Ohio 
                        County, Kentucky, west to the interchange of 
                        the Western Kentucky Parkway with the Edward T. 
                        Breathitt (Pennyrile) Parkway.
                            ``(iv) The Edward T. Breathitt Parkway (to 
                        be designated as a spur of Interstate Route 69) 
                        from Interstate 24 to Interstate 69.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(v) Operation of Vehicles on Certain North Carolina Highways.--If 
any segment in the State of North Carolina of United States Route 17, 
United States Route 29, United States Route 52, United States Route 64, 
United States Route 70, United States Route 74, United States Route 
117, United States Route 220, United States Route 264, or United States 
Route 421 is designated as a route on the Interstate System, a vehicle 
that could operate legally on that segment before the date of such 
designation may continue to operate on that segment, without regard to 
any requirement under subsection (a).''.

SEC. 1519. INTERSTATE EXEMPTION.

    Notwithstanding section 111 of title 23, United States Code, if the 
segment of highway described in paragraph (92) of section 1105(c) of 
the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public 
Law 102-240; 105 Stat. 2032) is designated as a route on the Interstate 
System, any commercial establishment operating legally in a rest area 
on that segment before the date of that designation may continue to 
operate in the Interstate right-of-way, subject to the Interstate 
access standards established under section 111 of that title.

SEC. 1520. REPORT ON AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
a report that evaluates the congestion mitigation and air quality 
improvement program under section 149 of title 23, United States Code 
(referred to in this section as the ``program''), to--
            (1) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
        Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
        the House of Representatives.
    (b) Contents.--The evaluation under subsection (a) shall include an 
evaluation of--
            (1) the reductions of ozone, carbon monoxide, and 
        particulate matter that result from projects under the program;
            (2) the cost-effectiveness of the reductions described in 
        paragraph (1);
            (3) the result of investments of funding under the program 
        in minority and low-income communities that are 
        disproportionately affected by ozone, carbon monoxide, and 
        particulate matter;
            (4) the effectiveness, with respect to the attainment or 
        maintenance of national ambient air quality standards under 
        section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) for ozone, 
        carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, of performance 
        measures established under section 150(c)(5) of title 23, 
        United States Code, and performance targets established under 
        subsection (d) of that section for traffic congestion and on-
        road mobile source emissions;
            (5) the extent to which there are any types of projects 
        that are not eligible funding under the program that would be 
        likely to contribute to the attainment or maintenance of the 
        national ambient air quality standards described in paragraph 
        (4); and
            (6) the extent to which projects under the program reduce 
        sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead.

SEC. 1521. ROADSIDE HIGHWAY SAFETY HARDWARE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall implement the following 
recommendations from the report of the Government Accountability Office 
entitled ``Highway Safety: More Robust DOT Oversight of Guardrails and 
Other Roadside Hardware Could Further Enhance Safety'' published in 
June 2016 and numbered GAO-16-575:
            (1) Develop a process for third party verification of full-
        scale crash testing results from crash test labs to include a 
        process for--
                    (A) formally verifying the testing outcomes; and
                    (B) providing for an independent pass/fail 
                determination.
            (2) Establish a process to enhance the independence of 
        crash test labs by ensuring that those labs have a clear 
        separation between device development and testing in cases in 
        which lab employees test devices that were developed within the 
        parent organization of the employee.
    (b) Continued Issuance of Eligibility Letters.--Until the 
implementation of the recommendations described in subsection (a) is 
complete, the Secretary shall ensure that the Administrator of the 
Federal Highway Administration continues to issue Federal-aid 
reimbursement eligibility letters as a service to States.

SEC. 1522. PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall carry out a study--
            (1) to gather existing information on the effects of 
        permeable pavements on flood control in different contexts, 
        including in urban areas, and over the lifetime of the 
        permeable pavement;
            (2) to perform research to fill gaps in the existing 
        information gathered under paragraph (1); and
            (3) to develop--
                    (A) models for the performance of permeable 
                pavements in flood control; and
                    (B) best practices for designing permeable pavement 
                to meet flood control requirements.
    (b) Data Survey.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a), 
the Secretary shall develop--
            (1) a summary, based on available literature and models, of 
        localized flood control capabilities of permeable pavement that 
        considers long-term performance and cost information; and
            (2) best practices for the design of localized flood 
        control using permeable pavement that considers long-term 
        performance and cost information.
    (c) Publication.--The Secretary shall make a report describing the 
results of the study under subsection (a) available to States and units 
of local government.

SEC. 1523. EMERGENCY RELIEF PROJECTS.

    (a) Definition of Emergency Relief Project.--In this section, the 
term ``emergency relief project'' means a project carried out under the 
emergency relief program under section 125 of title 23, United States 
Code.
    (b) Improving the Emergency Relief Program.--Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
            (1) revise the emergency relief manual of the Federal 
        Highway Administration--
                    (A) to include and reflect the definition of the 
                term ``resilience'' (as defined in section 101(a) of 
                title 23, United States Code);
                    (B) to identify procedures that States may use to 
                incorporate resilience into emergency relief projects; 
                and
                    (C) to encourage the use of Complete Streets design 
                principles and consideration of access for moderate- 
                and low-income families impacted by a declared 
                disaster;
            (2) develop best practices for improving the use of 
        resilience in--
                    (A) the emergency relief program under section 125 
                of title 23, United States Code; and
                    (B) emergency relief efforts;
            (3) provide to division offices of the Federal Highway 
        Administration and State departments of transportation 
        information on the best practices developed under paragraph 
        (2); and
            (4) develop and implement a process to track--
                    (A) the consideration of resilience as part of the 
                emergency relief program under section 125 of title 23, 
                United States Code; and
                    (B) the costs of emergency relief projects.

SEC. 1524. CERTAIN GATHERING LINES LOCATED ON FEDERAL LAND AND INDIAN 
              LAND.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Federal land.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``Federal land'' means 
                land the title to which is held by the United States.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``Federal land'' does not 
                include--
                            (i) a unit of the National Park System;
                            (ii) a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge 
                        System;
                            (iii) a component of the National 
                        Wilderness Preservation System;
                            (iv) a wilderness study area within the 
                        National Forest System; or
                            (v) Indian land.
            (2) Gathering line and associated field compression or 
        pumping unit.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``gathering line and 
                associated field compression or pumping unit'' means--
                            (i) a pipeline that is installed to 
                        transport oil, natural gas and related 
                        constituents, or produced water from 1 or more 
                        wells drilled and completed to produce oil or 
                        gas; and
                            (ii) if necessary, 1 or more compressors or 
                        pumps to raise the pressure of the transported 
                        oil, natural gas and related constituents, or 
                        produced water to higher pressures necessary to 
                        enable the oil, natural gas and related 
                        constituents, or produced water to flow into 
                        pipelines and other facilities.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``gathering line and 
                associated field compression or pumping unit'' includes 
                a pipeline or associated compression or pumping unit 
                that is installed to transport oil or natural gas from 
                a processing plant to a common carrier pipeline or 
                facility.
                    (C) Exclusions.--The term ``gathering line and 
                associated field compression or pumping unit'' does not 
                include a common carrier pipeline.
            (3) Indian land.--The term ``Indian land'' means land the 
        title to which is held by--
                    (A) the United States in trust for an Indian Tribe 
                or an individual Indian; or
                    (B) an Indian Tribe or an individual Indian subject 
                to a restriction by the United States against 
                alienation.
            (4) Produced water.--The term ``produced water'' means 
        water produced from an oil or gas well bore that is not a fluid 
        prepared at, or transported to, the well site to resolve a 
        specific oil or gas well bore or reservoir condition.
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior.
    (b) Certain Gathering Lines.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the issuance of 
        a sundry notice or right-of-way for a gathering line and 
        associated field compression or pumping unit that is located on 
        Federal land or Indian land and that services any oil or gas 
        well may be considered by the Secretary to be an action that is 
        categorically excluded (as defined in section 1508.4 of title 
        40, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of 
        enactment of this Act)) for purposes of the National 
        Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) if 
        the gathering line and associated field compression or pumping 
        unit--
                    (A) are within a field or unit for which an 
                approved land use plan or an environmental document 
                prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy 
                Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) analyzed 
                transportation of oil, natural gas, or produced water 
                from 1 or more oil or gas wells in the field or unit as 
                a reasonably foreseeable activity;
                    (B) are located adjacent to or within--
                            (i) any existing disturbed area; or
                            (ii) an existing corridor for a right-of-
                        way; and
                    (C) would reduce--
                            (i) in the case of a gathering line and 
                        associated field compression or pumping unit 
                        transporting methane, the total quantity of 
                        methane that would otherwise be vented, flared, 
                        or unintentionally emitted from the field or 
                        unit; or
                            (ii) in the case of a gathering line and 
                        associated field compression or pumping unit 
                        not transporting methane, the vehicular traffic 
                        that would otherwise service the field or unit.
            (2) Applicability.--Paragraph (1) shall apply to Indian 
        land, or a portion of Indian land--
                    (A) to which the National Environmental Policy Act 
                of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) applies; and
                    (B) for which the Indian Tribe with jurisdiction 
                over the Indian land submits to the Secretary a written 
                request that paragraph (1) apply to that Indian land 
                (or portion of Indian land).
    (c) Effect on Other Law.--Nothing in this section--
            (1) affects or alters any requirement--
                    (A) relating to prior consent under--
                            (i) section 2 of the Act of February 5, 
                        1948 (62 Stat. 18, chapter 45; 25 U.S.C. 324); 
                        or
                            (ii) section 16(e) of the Act of June 18, 
                        1934 (48 Stat. 987, chapter 576; 102 Stat. 
                        2939; 114 Stat. 47; 25 U.S.C. 5123(e)) 
                        (commonly known as the ``Indian Reorganization 
                        Act'');
                    (B) under section 306108 of title 54, United States 
                Code; or
                    (C) under any other Federal law (including 
                regulations) relating to Tribal consent for rights-of-
                way across Indian land; or
            (2) makes the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 
        U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) applicable to land to which that Act 
        otherwise would not apply.

SEC. 1525. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Section 101(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting ``Highways'' after ``and Defense''.
    (b) Section 108(c)(3)(F) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)'' after 
        ``Policy Act''; and
            (2) by striking ``this Act'' and inserting ``this title''.
    (c) Section 112(b)(2) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``(F) (F) Subparagraphs'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(F) Exclusion.--Subparagraphs''.
    (d) Section 130(g) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the third sentence--
                    (A) by striking ``and Transportation,'' and 
                inserting ``and Transportation''; and
                    (B) by striking ``thereafter,,'' and inserting 
                ``thereafter,''; and
            (2) in the fifth sentence, by striking ``railroad highway'' 
        and inserting ``railway-highway''.
    (e) Section 135(g) of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``operators),,'' and 
        inserting ``operators),''; and
            (2) in paragraph (6)(B), by striking ``5310, 5311, 5316, 
        and 5317'' and inserting ``5310 and 5311''.
    (f) Section 140(a) of title 23, United States Code, is amended, in 
the third sentence, by inserting a comma after ``Secretary''.
    (g) Section 142 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by 
striking subsection (i).
    (h) Section 148(i)(2)(D) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``safety safety'' and inserting ``safety''.
    (i) Section 166(a)(1) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by striking the paragraph designation and heading and all that follows 
through ``A public authority'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Authority of public authorities.--A public 
        authority''.
    (j) Section 202 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.)'' each place it 
        appears and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.)'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(10)(B), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
        450e(b))'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5307(b))''; and
            (3) in subsection (b)(5), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by inserting ``the'' after ``agreement 
        under''.
    (k) Section 207 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (g), by striking ``25 U.S.C. 450j-1'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``25 U.S.C. 5325'';
            (2) in subsection (l)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-5)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5386)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-6)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5387)'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-7)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5388)'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-9)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5390)'';
                    (E) in paragraph (5), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-10)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5391)'';
                    (F) in paragraph (6), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-11)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5392)'';
                    (G) in paragraph (7), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-14)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5395)'';
                    (H) in paragraph (8), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-15)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5396)''; and
                    (I) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 
                458aaa-17)'' and inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5398)''; and
            (3) in subsection (m)(2)--
                    (A) by striking ``505'' and inserting ``501''; and
                    (B) by striking ``(25 U.S.C. 450b; 458aaa)'' and 
                inserting ``(25 U.S.C. 5304; 5381)''.
    (l) Section 325(a)(2) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) Projects described in section 104(h) (as in 
                effect on the day before the date of enactment of MAP-
                21).
                    ``(B) Projects or activities described in section 
                101(a)(29) or 213 (as those provisions were in effect 
                on the day before the date of enactment of the FAST 
                Act).''.
    (m) Section 504(g)(6) of title 23, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``make grants or to'' and inserting ``make grants to''.

     TITLE II--TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE AND INNOVATION

SEC. 2001. TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE AND INNOVATION ACT OF 
              1998 AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 601(a) of title 23, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (22) as 
        paragraphs (2) through (23), respectively;
            (2) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(1) Administratively allocated.--The term 
        `administratively allocated' means the allocation by the 
        Secretary of budget authority for a project under the TIFIA 
        program that occurs when--
                    ``(A) a potential applicant has been invited into 
                the creditworthiness phase for a project under the 
                TIFIA program; or
                    ``(B) the project is subject to a master credit 
                agreement, in accordance with section 602(b)(2).'';
            (3) in subparagraph (E) of paragraph (11) (as so 
        redesignated), by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``5 
        years''; and
            (4) in paragraph (13) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (E) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(E) a project to improve or construct public 
                infrastructure--
                            ``(i) that--
                                    ``(I) is located within walking 
                                distance of, and accessible to, a fixed 
                                guideway transit facility, passenger 
                                rail station, intercity bus station, or 
                                intermodal facility, including a 
                                transportation, public utility, or 
                                capital project described in section 
                                5302(3)(G)(v) of title 49, and related 
                                infrastructure; or
                                    ``(II) is a project for economic 
                                development, including commercial and 
                                residential development, and related 
                                infrastructure and activities--
                                            ``(aa) that incorporates 
                                        private investment;
                                            ``(bb) that is physically 
                                        or functionally related to a 
                                        passenger rail station or 
                                        multimodal station that 
                                        includes rail service;
                                            ``(cc) for which the 
                                        project sponsor has a high 
                                        probability of commencing the 
                                        contracting process for 
                                        construction by not later than 
                                        90 days after the date on which 
                                        credit assistance under the 
                                        TIFIA program is provided for 
                                        the project; and
                                            ``(dd) that has a high 
                                        probability of reducing the 
                                        need for financial assistance 
                                        under any other Federal program 
                                        for the relevant passenger rail 
                                        station or service by 
                                        increasing ridership, tenant 
                                        lease payments, or other 
                                        activities that generate 
                                        revenue exceeding costs; and
                            ``(ii) for which, by not later than 
                        September 30, 2025, the Secretary has--
                                    ``(I) received a letter of 
                                interest; and
                                    ``(II) determined that the project 
                                is eligible for assistance;'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) an eligible airport-related project (as 
                defined in section 40117(a) of title 49) for which, not 
                later than September 30, 2024, the Secretary has--
                            ``(i) received a letter of interest; and
                            ``(ii) determined that the project is 
                        eligible for assistance; and
                    ``(H) a project for the acquisition of plant and 
                wildlife habitat pursuant to a conservation plan that--
                            ``(i) has been approved by the Secretary of 
                        the Interior pursuant to section 10 of the 
                        Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 
                        1539); and
                            ``(ii) in the judgment of the Secretary, 
                        would mitigate the environmental impacts of 
                        transportation infrastructure projects 
                        otherwise eligible for assistance under this 
                        title.''.
    (b) Eligibility.--Section 602(a) of title 23, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(iv)--
                            (i) by striking ``a rating'' and inserting 
                        ``an investment-grade rating''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``$75,000,000'' and 
                        inserting ``$150,000,000''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``the senior debt'' and 
                        inserting ``senior debt''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``credit instrument is for 
                        an amount less than $75,000,000'' and inserting 
                        ``total amount of other senior debt and the 
                        Federal credit instrument is less than 
                        $150,000,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5)(B)(ii), by striking ``section 
        601(a)(12)(E)'' and inserting ``section 601(a)(13)(E)''.
    (c) Processing Timelines.--Section 602(d) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs 
        (2) and (3), respectively;
            (2) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2)''; and
            (3) by inserting before paragraph (2) (as so redesignated) 
        the following:
            ``(1) Processing timelines.--Except in the case of an 
        application described in subsection (a)(8) and to the maximum 
        extent practicable, the Secretary shall provide an applicant 
        with a specific estimate of the timeline for the approval or 
        disapproval of the application of the applicant, which, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall endeavor to 
        complete by not later than 150 days after the date on which the 
        applicant submits a letter of interest to the Secretary.''.
    (d) Secured Loans.--Section 603(c)(4)(A) of title 23, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Any excess'' and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), any excess''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) Certain applicants.--In the case of 
                        a secured loan or other secured Federal credit 
                        instrument provided after the date of enactment 
                        of the America's Transportation Infrastructure 
                        Act of 2019, if the obligor is a governmental 
                        entity, agency, or instrumentality, the obligor 
                        shall not be required to prepay the secured 
                        loan or other secured Federal credit instrument 
                        with any excess revenues described in clause 
                        (i) if the obligor enters into an agreement to 
                        use those excess revenues only for purposes 
                        authorized under this title or title 49.''.
    (e) Streamlined Application Process.--Section 603(f) of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Additional terms for expedited decisions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 120 days after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary 
                shall implement an expedited decision timeline for 
                public agency borrowers seeking secured loans that 
                meet--
                            ``(i) the terms under paragraph (2); and
                            ``(ii) the additional criteria described in 
                        subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Additional criteria.--The additional criteria 
                referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) are the following:
                            ``(i) The secured loan is made on terms and 
                        conditions that substantially conform to the 
                        conventional terms and conditions established 
                        by the National Surface Transportation 
                        Innovative Finance Bureau.
                            ``(ii) The secured loan is rated in the A 
                        category or higher.
                            ``(iii) The TIFIA program share of eligible 
                        project costs is 33 percent or less.
                            ``(iv) The applicant demonstrates a 
                        reasonable expectation that the contracting 
                        process for the project can commence by not 
                        later than 90 days after the date on which a 
                        Federal credit instrument is obligated for the 
                        project under the TIFIA program.
                            ``(v) The project has received a 
                        categorical exclusion, a finding of no 
                        significant impact, or a record of decision 
                        under the National Environmental Policy Act of 
                        1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
                    ``(C) Written notice.--The Secretary shall provide 
                to an applicant seeking a secured loan under the 
                expedited decision process under this paragraph a 
                written notice informing the applicant whether the 
                Secretary has approved or disapproved the application 
                by not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
                Secretary submits to the applicant a letter indicating 
                that the National Surface Transportation Innovative 
                Finance Bureau has commenced the creditworthiness 
                review of the project.''.
    (f) Funding.--
            (1) In general.--Section 608(a) of title 23, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as 
                paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Limitation for certain projects.--
                    ``(A) Transit-oriented development projects.--For 
                each fiscal year, the Secretary may use to carry out 
                projects described in section 601(a)(13)(E) not more 
                than 15 percent of the amounts made available to carry 
                out the TIFIA program for that fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Airport-related projects.--The Secretary may 
                use to carry out projects described in section 
                601(a)(13)(G)--
                            ``(i) for each fiscal year, not more than 
                        15 percent of the amounts made available to 
                        carry out the TIFIA program under the America's 
                        Transportation Infrastructure Act of 2019 for 
                        that fiscal year; and
                            ``(ii) for the period of fiscal years 2021 
                        through 2025, not more than 15 percent of the 
                        unobligated carryover balances (as of October 
                        1, 2020) made available to carry out the TIFIA 
                        program, less the total amount administratively 
                        allocated by the Secretary as of that date.''; 
                        and
                    (C) by striking paragraph (6) (as so redesignated) 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(6) Administrative costs.--Of the amounts made available 
        to carry out the TIFIA program, the Secretary may use not more 
        than $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2025 for 
        the administration of the TIFIA program.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--Section 605(f)(1) of title 23, 
        United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 
        608(a)(5)'' and inserting ``section 608(a)(6)''.
    (g) Status Reports.--Section 609 of title 23, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Status Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall publish on the 
        website for the TIFIA program--
                    ``(A) on a monthly basis, a current status report 
                on all submitted letters of interest and applications 
                received for assistance under the TIFIA program; and
                    ``(B) on a quarterly basis, a current status report 
                on all approved applications for assistance under the 
                TIFIA program.
            ``(2) Inclusions.--Each monthly and quarterly status report 
        under paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum, with respect 
        to each project included in the status report--
                    ``(A) the name of the party submitting the letter 
                of interest or application;
                    ``(B) the name of the project;
                    ``(C) the date on which the letter of interest or 
                application was received;
                    ``(D) the estimated project eligible costs;
                    ``(E) the type of credit assistance sought; and
                    ``(F) the anticipated fiscal year and quarter for 
                closing of the credit assistance.''.
    (h) State Infrastructure Bank Program.--Section 610 of title 23, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``fiscal years 
                2016 through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``fiscal years 
                2016 through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``fiscal years 
                2016 through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025''; and
            (2) in subsection (k), by striking ``fiscal years 2016 
        through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 
        2025''.
    (i) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2024, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives a report on the impact of the amendment relating to 
airport-related projects under subsection (a)(4)(C) and subsection 
(f)(1)(B), including--
            (1) information on the use of TIFIA program (as defined in 
        section 601(a) of title 23, United States Code) funds for 
        eligible airport-related projects (as defined in section 
        40117(a) of title 49, United States Code); and
            (2) recommendations for modifications to the TIFIA program.

             TITLE III--RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND EDUCATION

SEC. 3001. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FUNDING ALTERNATIVES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a program to test 
the feasibility of a road usage fee and other user-based alternative 
revenue mechanisms to maintain the long-term solvency of the Highway 
Trust Fund, through pilot projects at the State and regional level.
    (b) Grants.--The Secretary shall provide grants to States and 
groups of States to carry out pilot projects under this section.
    (c) Applications.--To be eligible for a grant under this section, a 
State or group of States shall submit to the Secretary an application 
at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
Secretary may require.
    (d) Objectives.--The Secretary shall ensure that the activities 
carried out using funds provided under this section meet the following 
objectives:
            (1) To test the design, acceptance, equity, and 
        implementation of user-based alternative revenue mechanisms, 
        including among differing income groups and among rural and 
        urban drivers.
            (2) To provide recommendations regarding adoption and 
        implementation of user-based alternative revenue mechanisms.
            (3) To quantify and minimize the administrative costs of 
        any potential user-based alternative revenue mechanisms.
            (4) To test a variety of solutions, including the use of 
        third-party vendors, for the collection of data and road usage 
        fees, including the reliability and security of those solutions 
        and vendors.
            (5) To test solutions to ensure the privacy and security of 
        data collected for the purpose of implementing a user-based 
        alternative revenue mechanism.
            (6) To conduct public education and outreach to increase 
        public awareness regarding the need for road usage fees or 
        other user-based alternative revenue mechanisms for surface 
        transportation programs.
            (7) To evaluate the ease of compliance and enforcement of a 
        variety of implementation approaches for different users of the 
        transportation system.
    (e) Use of Funds.--A State or group of States that receives a grant 
under this section shall use the grant to carry out activities to 
address the objectives described in subsection (d).
    (f) Consideration.--The Secretary shall consider geographic 
diversity in awarding grants under this section.
    (g) Limitations on Revenue Collected.--Any revenue collected 
through a user-based alternative revenue mechanism established using 
funds provided under this section shall not be considered a toll under 
section 301 of title 23, United States Code.
    (h) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of an activity 
carried out under this section may not exceed 70 percent of the total 
cost of the activity.
    (i) Funding.--Of the funds made available to carry out section 
503(b) of title 23, United States Code, for each of fiscal years 2021 
through 2025, $12,500,000 shall be used for State pilot projects under 
this section.
    (j) Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Section 6020 of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 
        503 note; Public Law 114-94) is repealed.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The table of contents in section 
        1(b) of the FAST Act (Public Law 114-94; 129 Stat. 1312) is 
        amended by striking the item relating to section 6020.

SEC. 3002. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT DATA SUPPORT PROGRAM.

    Section 6028(c) of the FAST Act (23 U.S.C. 150 note; Public Law 
114-94) is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and 
inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 2025''.

SEC. 3003. DATA INTEGRATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program--
            (1) to provide research and develop models that integrate, 
        in near-real-time, data from multiple sources, including 
        geolocated--
                    (A) weather conditions;
                    (B) roadway conditions;
                    (C) incidents, work zones, and other nonrecurring 
                events related to emergency planning; and
                    (D) information from emergency responders; and
            (2) to facilitate data integration between the Department, 
        the National Weather Service, and other sources of data that 
        provide real-time data with respect to roadway conditions 
        during or as a result of severe weather events, including, at a 
        minimum--
                    (A) winter weather;
                    (B) heavy rainfall; and
                    (C) tropical weather events.
    (b) Requirements.--In carrying out subsection (a)(1), the Secretary 
shall--
            (1) address the safety, resiliency, and vulnerability of 
        the transportation system to disasters; and
            (2) develop tools for decisionmakers and other end-users 
        who could use or benefit from the integrated data described in 
        that subsection to improve public safety and mobility.
    (c) Treatment.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the 
Secretary shall carry out activities under the pilot program under this 
section as if--
            (1) those activities were authorized under chapter 5 of 
        title 23, United States Code; and
            (2) the funds made available to carry out the pilot program 
        were made available under that chapter.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $2,500,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 3004. EMERGING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a pilot program 
to conduct emerging technology research in accordance with this 
section.
    (b) Activities.--The pilot program under this section shall 
include--
            (1) research and development activities relating to 
        leveraging advanced and additive manufacturing technologies to 
        increase the structural integrity and cost-effectiveness of 
        surface transportation infrastructure; and
            (2) research and development activities (including 
        laboratory and test track supported accelerated pavement 
        testing research regarding the impacts of connected, 
        autonomous, and platooned vehicles on pavement and 
        infrastructure performance)--
                    (A) to reduce the impact of automated and connected 
                driving systems and advanced driver-assistance systems 
                on pavement and infrastructure performance; and
                    (B) to improve transportation infrastructure design 
                in anticipation of increased usage of automated driving 
                systems and advanced driver-assistance systems.
    (c) Treatment.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, the 
Secretary shall carry out activities under the pilot program under this 
section as if--
            (1) those activities were authorized under chapter 5 of 
        title 23, United States Code; and
            (2) the funds made available to carry out the pilot program 
        were made available under that chapter.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2025, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 3005. RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 503 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``section 508'' and 
        inserting ``section 6503 of title 49'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) engage with public and private entities to 
                spur advancement of emerging transformative innovations 
                through accelerated market readiness; and
                    ``(F) consult frequently with public and private 
                entities on new transportation technologies.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(C)--
                            (i) by redesignating clauses (x) through 
                        (xv) as clauses (xi) through (xvi), 
                        respectively; and
                            (ii) by inserting after clause (ix) the 
                        following:
                            ``(x) safety measures to reduce the number 
                        of wildlife-vehicle collisions;'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)(viii), by inserting 
                        ``, extreme weather events,'' after ``seismic 
                        activities''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) in clause (xv), by inserting 
                                ``extreme weather events and'' after 
                                ``withstand'';
                                    (II) in clause (xviii), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (III) in clause (xix), by striking 
                                the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(xx) studies on the deployment and 
                        revenue potential of the deployment of energy 
                        and broadband infrastructure in highway rights-
                        of-way, including potential adverse impacts of 
                        the use or nonuse of those rights-of-way.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (6)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) to support research on non-market-ready 
                technologies in consultation with public and private 
                entities.'';
                    (E) in paragraph (7)(B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``innovations by leading'' after 
                        ``support'';
                            (ii) in clause (iii), by striking ``and'' 
                        at the end;
                            (iii) in clause (iv), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) the dissemination and evaluation of 
                        information from accelerated market readiness 
                        efforts, including non-market-ready 
                        technologies, to public and private entities in 
                        consultation with other offices of the Federal 
                        Highway Administration and key partners.'';
                    (F) in paragraph (8)(A), by striking ``future 
                highway'' and all that follows through ``needs.'' and 
                inserting the following: ``current conditions and 
                future needs of highways, bridges, and tunnels of the 
                United States, including--
                            ``(i) the conditions and performance of the 
                        highway network for freight movement;
                            ``(ii) intelligent transportation systems;
                            ``(iii) resilience needs; and
                            ``(iv) the backlog of current highway, 
                        bridge, and tunnel needs.''; and
                    (G) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Analysis tools.--The Secretary may develop 
        interactive modeling tools and databases that--
                    ``(A) track the full condition of highway assets, 
                including interchanges, and the reconstruction history 
                of those assets;
                    ``(B) can be used to assess transportation options;
                    ``(C) allow for the monitoring and modeling of 
                network-level traffic flows on highways; and
                    ``(D) further Federal and State understanding of 
                the importance of national and regional connectivity 
                and the need for long-distance and interregional 
                passenger and freight travel by highway and other 
                surface transportation modes.''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``use of rights-of-way 
                        permissible under applicable law,'' after 
                        ``structures,'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) disseminating and evaluating information from 
                accelerated market readiness efforts, including non-
                market-ready technologies, to public and private 
                entities.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B)(iii), by inserting 
                        ``and early stage'' before ``innovative''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this subparagraph and every 2 
                years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate 
                and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
                of the House of Representatives and make publicly 
                available on an internet website a report that 
                describes--
                            ``(i) the activities the Secretary has 
                        undertaken to carry out the program established 
                        under paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) how and to what extent the Secretary 
                        has worked to disseminate non-market-ready 
                        technologies to public and private entities.'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``fiscal years 2016 through 2020'' and 
                        inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 2025''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``annually'' and inserting ``once every 
                                3 years''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii)--
                                            (aa) in subclause (III), by 
                                        striking ``and'' at the end;
                                            (bb) in subclause (IV), by 
                                        striking the period at the end 
                                        and inserting a semicolon; and
                                            (cc) by adding at the end 
                                        the following:
                                    ``(V) pavement monitoring and data 
                                collection;
                                    ``(VI) pavement durability and 
                                resilience;
                                    ``(VII) stormwater management;
                                    ``(VIII) vehicle efficiency;
                                    ``(IX) the energy efficiency of the 
                                production of paving materials and the 
                                ability of paving materials to enhance 
                                the environment and promote 
                                sustainability; and
                                    ``(X) integration of renewable 
                                energy in pavement designs.''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Accelerated implementation and deployment of advanced 
        digital construction management systems.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall establish 
                and implement a program under the technology and 
                innovation deployment program established under 
                paragraph (1) to promote, implement, deploy, 
                demonstrate, showcase, support, and document the 
                application of advanced digital construction management 
                systems, practices, performance, and benefits.
                    ``(B) Goals.--The goals of the accelerated 
                implementation and deployment of advanced digital 
                construction management systems program established 
                under subparagraph (A) shall include--
                            ``(i) accelerated State adoption of 
                        advanced digital construction management 
                        systems applied throughout the construction 
                        lifecycle (including through the design and 
                        engineering, construction, and operations 
                        phases) that--
                                    ``(I) maximize interoperability 
                                with other systems, products, tools, or 
                                applications;
                                    ``(II) boost productivity;
                                    ``(III) manage complexity;
                                    ``(IV) reduce project delays and 
                                cost overruns; and
                                    ``(V) enhance safety and quality;
                            ``(ii) more timely and productive 
                        information-sharing among stakeholders through 
                        reduced reliance on paper to manage 
                        construction processes and deliverables such as 
                        blueprints, design drawings, procurement and 
                        supply-chain orders, equipment logs, daily 
                        progress reports, and punch lists;
                            ``(iii) deployment of digital management 
                        systems that enable and leverage the use of 
                        digital technologies on construction sites by 
                        contractors, such as state-of-the-art automated 
                        and connected machinery and optimized routing 
                        software that allows construction workers to 
                        perform tasks faster, safer, more accurately, 
                        and with minimal supervision;
                            ``(iv) the development and deployment of 
                        best practices for use in digital construction 
                        management;
                            ``(v) increased technology adoption and 
                        deployment by States and units of local 
                        government that enables project sponsors--
                                    ``(I) to integrate the adoption of 
                                digital management systems and 
                                technologies in contracts; and
                                    ``(II) to weigh the cost of 
                                digitization and technology in setting 
                                project budgets;
                            ``(vi) technology training and workforce 
                        development to build the capabilities of 
                        project managers and sponsors that enables 
                        States and units of local government--
                                    ``(I) to better manage projects 
                                using advanced construction management 
                                technologies; and
                                    ``(II) to properly measure and 
                                reward technology adoption across 
                                projects of the State or unit of local 
                                government;
                            ``(vii) development of guidance to assist 
                        States in updating regulations of the State to 
                        allow project sponsors and contractors--
                                    ``(I) to report data relating to 
                                the project in digital formats; and
                                    ``(II) to fully capture the 
                                efficiencies and benefits of advanced 
                                digital construction management systems 
                                and related technologies;
                            ``(viii) reduction in the environmental 
                        footprint of construction projects using 
                        advanced digital construction management 
                        systems resulting from elimination of 
                        congestion through more efficient projects; and
                            ``(ix) enhanced worker and pedestrian 
                        safety resulting from increased transparency.
                    ``(C) Funding.--For each of fiscal years 2021 
                through 2025, the Secretary shall obligate from funds 
                made available to carry out this subsection $20,000,000 
                to accelerate the deployment and implementation of 
                advanced digital construction management systems.
                    ``(D) Publication.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Not less frequently than 
                        annually, the Secretary shall issue and make 
                        available to the public on a website a report 
                        on--
                                    ``(I) progress made in the 
                                implementation of advanced digital 
                                management systems by States; and
                                    ``(II) the costs and benefits of 
                                the deployment of new technology and 
                                innovations that substantially and 
                                directly resulted from the program 
                                established under this paragraph.
                            ``(ii) Inclusions.--The report under clause 
                        (i) may include an analysis of--
                                    ``(I) Federal, State, and local 
                                cost savings;
                                    ``(II) project delivery time 
                                improvements;
                                    ``(III) congestion impacts; and
                                    ``(IV) safety improvements for 
                                roadway users and construction 
                                workers.''.
    (b) Advanced Transportation Technologies and Innovative Mobility 
Deployment.--Section 503(c)(4) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the heading, by inserting ``and innovative 
        mobility'' before ``deployment'';
            (2) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide 
                grants to eligible entities to deploy, install, and 
                operate advanced transportation technologies to improve 
                safety, mobility, efficiency, system performance, 
                intermodal connectivity, and infrastructure return on 
                investment.'';
            (3) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``the enhanced use'' 
                and inserting ``optimization'';
                    (B) in clause (v)--
                            (i) by striking ``transit,'' and inserting 
                        ``work zone, weather, transit, paratransit,''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``and accessible 
                        transportation'' and inserting ``, accessible, 
                        and integrated transportation and 
                        transportation services'';
                    (C) by redesignating clauses (vi) through (viii) as 
                clauses (vii), (viii), and (x), respectively;
                    (D) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) facilitate account-based payments 
                        for transportation access and services and 
                        integrate payment systems across modes;'';
                    (E) in clause (viii) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``or'' at the end; and
                    (F) by inserting after clause (viii) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                            ``(ix) incentivize travelers--
                                    ``(I) to share trips during periods 
                                in which travel demand exceeds system 
                                capacity; or
                                    ``(II) to shift trips to periods in 
                                which travel demand does not exceed 
                                system capacity; or'';
            (4) in subparagraph (C)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``Not later'' and 
                all that follows through ``thereafter'' and inserting 
                ``Each fiscal year for which funding is made available 
                for activities under this paragraph''; and
                    (B) in clause (ii)--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by inserting 
                        ``mobility,'' after ``safety,''; and
                            (ii) in subclause (II)--
                                    (I) in item (bb), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) in item (cc), by striking the 
                                period at the end and inserting ``; 
                                and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                                            ``(dd) facilitating payment 
                                        for transportation services.'';
            (5) in subparagraph (D)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``Not later'' and 
                all that follows through ``thereafter'' and inserting 
                ``Each fiscal year for which funding is made available 
                for activities under this paragraph''; and
                    (B) in clause (ii)--
                            (i) by striking ``In awarding'' and 
                        inserting the following:
                                    ``(I) In general.--Subject to 
                                subclause (II), in awarding''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) Rural set-aside.--Not less 
                                than 20 percent of the amounts made 
                                available to carry out this paragraph 
                                shall be reserved for projects serving 
                                rural areas.'';
            (6) in subparagraph (E)--
                    (A) by redesignating clauses (iii) through (ix) as 
                clauses (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (xi), and 
                (xiv), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
                            ``(iii) advanced transportation 
                        technologies to improve emergency evacuation 
                        and response by Federal, State, and local 
                        authorities;'';
                    (C) by inserting after clause (viii) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                            ``(ix) integrated corridor management 
                        systems;
                            ``(x) advanced parking reservation or 
                        variable pricing systems;'';
                    (D) in clause (xi) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, toll collection,'' 
                        after ``pricing''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``or'' at the end;
                    (E) by inserting after clause (xi) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                            ``(xii) technology that enhances high 
                        occupancy vehicle toll lanes, cordon pricing, 
                        or congestion pricing;
                            ``(xiii) integration of transportation 
                        service payment systems; or''; and
                    (F) in clause (xiv) (as so redesignated)--
                            (i) by striking ``and access'' and 
                        inserting ``, access, and on-demand 
                        transportation service''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and other shared-use 
                        mobility applications'' after ``ridesharing'';
            (7) in subparagraph (F)(ii)(IV), by striking ``efficiency 
        and multimodal system performance'' and inserting ``mobility, 
        efficiency, multimodal system performance, and payment system 
        performance'';
            (8) in subparagraph (G)--
                    (A) by redesignating clauses (vi) through (viii) as 
                clauses (vii) through (ix), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) improved integration of payment 
                        systems;'';
            (9) in subparagraph (I)(i), by striking ``fiscal years 2016 
        through 2020'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2021 through 
        2025''; and
            (10) in subparagraph (N)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``representing a 
                population of over 200,000''; and
                    (B) in clause (iii), in the matter preceding 
                subclause (I), by striking ``a any'' and inserting 
                ``any''.
    (c) Center of Excellence on New Mobility and Automated Vehicles.--
Section 503(c) of title 23, United States Code (as amended by 
subsection (a)(3)(D)), is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Center of excellence.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Automated vehicle.--The term 
                        `automated vehicle' means a motor vehicle 
                        that--
                                    ``(I) has a taxable gross weight 
                                (as defined in section 41.4482(b)-1 of 
                                title 26, Code of Federal Regulations 
                                (or successor regulations)) of 10,000 
                                pounds or less; and
                                    ``(II) is capable of performing the 
                                entire task of driving (including 
                                steering, accelerating and 
                                decelerating, and reacting to external 
                                stimulus) without human intervention.
                            ``(ii) New mobility.--The term `new 
                        mobility' includes shared services such as--
                                    ``(I) docked and dockless bicycles;
                                    ``(II) docked and dockless electric 
                                scooters; and
                                    ``(III) transportation network 
                                companies.
                    ``(B) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after 
                the date of enactment of the America's Transportation 
                Infrastructure Act of 2019, the Secretary shall 
                establish a Center of Excellence to collect, conduct, 
                and fund research on the impacts of new mobility and 
                automated vehicles on land use, urban design, 
                transportation, real estate, equity, and municipal 
                budgets.
                    ``(C) Partnerships.--In establishing the Center of 
                Excellence under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall 
                enter into appropriate partnerships with any 
                institution of higher education (as defined in section 
                101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                1001)) or public or private research entity.''.
    (d) Accelerated Implementation and Deployment of Advanced Digital 
Construction Management Systems.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee 
on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
report that includes--
            (1) a description of--
                    (A) the current status of the use of advanced 
                digital construction management systems in each State; 
                and
                    (B) the progress of each State toward accelerating 
                the adoption of advanced digital construction 
                management systems; and
            (2) an analysis of the savings in project delivery time and 
        project costs that can be achieved through the use of advanced 
        digital construction management systems.
    (e) Open Challenge and Research Initiative Pilot Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish an open 
        challenge and research proposal pilot program under which 
        eligible entities may propose open highway challenges and 
        research proposals that are linked to identified or potential 
        research needs.
            (2) Requirements.--A research proposal submitted to the 
        Secretary by an eligible entity shall address--
                    (A) a research need identified by the Secretary or 
                the Administrator of the Federal Highway 
                Administration; or
                    (B) an issue or challenge that the Secretary 
                determines to be important.
            (3) Eligible entities.--An entity eligible to submit a 
        research proposal under the pilot program under paragraph (1) 
        is--
                    (A) a State;
                    (B) a unit of local government;
                    (C) a university transportation center under 
                section 5505 of title 49, United States Code;
                    (D) a private nonprofit organization;
                    (E) a private sector organization working in 
                collaboration with an entity described in subparagraphs 
                (A) through (D); and
                    (F) any other individual or entity that the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate.
            (4) Project review.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) review each research proposal submitted under 
                the pilot program under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) provide to the eligible entity a written notice 
                that--
                            (i) if the research proposal is not 
                        selected--
                                    (I) notifies the eligible entity 
                                that the research proposal has not been 
                                selected for funding;
                                    (II) provides an explanation as to 
                                why the research proposal was not 
                                selected, including if the research 
                                proposal does not cover an area of 
                                need; and
                                    (III) if applicable, recommend that 
                                the research proposal be submitted to 
                                another research program and provide 
                                guidance and direction to the eligible 
                                entity and the proposed research 
                                program office; and
                            (ii) if the research proposal is selected, 
                        notifies the eligible entity that the research 
                        proposal has been selected for funding.
            (5) Federal share.--
                    (A) In general.--The Federal share of the cost of 
                an activity carried out under this subsection shall not 
                exceed 80 percent.
                    (B) Non-federal share.--All costs directly incurred 
                by the non-Federal partners, including personnel, 
                travel, facility, and hardware development costs, shall 
                be credited toward the non-Federal share of the cost of 
                an activity carried out under this subsection.
    (f) Conforming Amendment.--Section 167 of title 23, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (h); and
            (2) by redesignating subsections (i) through (l) as 
        subsections (h) through (k), respectively.

SEC. 3006. WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT, TRAINING, AND EDUCATION.

    (a) Surface Transportation Workforce Development, Training, and 
Education.--Section 504(e) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (G) 
                as subparagraphs (E), (F), (H), and (I), respectively;
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                    ``(D) pre-apprenticeships, apprenticeships, and 
                career opportunities for on-the-job training;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (E) (as so redesignated), by 
                striking ``or community college'' and inserting ``, 
                college, community college, or vocational school''; and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (F) (as so 
                redesignated) the following:
                    ``(G) activities associated with workforce training 
                and employment services, such as targeted outreach and 
                partnerships with industry, economic development 
                organizations, workforce development boards, and labor 
                organizations;'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``paragraph (1)(G)'' and 
        inserting ``paragraph (1)(I)''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon;
                    (B) by striking ``including activities'' and 
                inserting the following: ``including--
                    ``(A) activities''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) activities that address current workforce 
                gaps, such as work on construction projects, of State 
                and local transportation agencies;
                    ``(C) activities to develop a robust surface 
                transportation workforce with new skills resulting from 
                emerging transportation technologies; and
                    ``(D) activities to attract new sources of job-
                creating investment.''.
    (b) Transportation Education and Training Development and 
Deployment Program.--Section 504(f) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading, by striking ``Development'' 
        and inserting ``and Training Development and Deployment'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        program to make grants to educational institutions or State 
        departments of transportation, in partnership with industry and 
        relevant Federal departments and agencies--
                    ``(A) to develop, test, and review new curricula 
                and education programs to train individuals at all 
                levels of the transportation workforce; or
                    ``(B) to implement the new curricula and education 
                programs to provide for hands-on career opportunities 
                to meet current and future needs.'';
            (3) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``shall'' and inserting ``may'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``current or 
                future'' after ``specific''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (E)--
                            (i) by striking ``in nontraditional 
                        departments'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``construction,'' after 
                        ``such as''; and
                            (iii) by inserting ``or emerging'' after 
                        ``industrial'';
            (4) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Reporting.--The Secretary shall establish minimum 
        reporting requirements for grant recipients under this 
        subsection, which may include, with respect to a program 
        carried out with a grant under this subsection--
                    ``(A) the percentage or number of program 
                participants that are employed during the second 
                quarter after exiting the program;
                    ``(B) the percentage or number of program 
                participants that are employed during the fourth 
                quarter after exiting the program;
                    ``(C) the median earnings of program participants 
                that are employed during the second quarter after 
                exiting the program;
                    ``(D) the percentage or number of program 
                participants that obtain a recognized postsecondary 
                credential or a secondary school diploma (or a 
                recognized equivalent) during participation in the 
                program or by not later than 1 year after exiting the 
                program; and
                    ``(E) the percentage or number of program 
                participants that, during a program year--
                            ``(i) are in an education or training 
                        program that leads to a recognized 
                        postsecondary credential or employment; and
                            ``(ii) are achieving measurable skill gains 
                        toward such a credential or employment.''.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Section 504 of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Use of Funds.--The Secretary may use funds made available to 
carry out this section to carry out activities related to workforce 
development and technical assistance and training if--
            ``(1) the activities are authorized by another provision of 
        this title; and
            ``(2) the activities are for entities other than employees 
        of the Secretary, such as States, units of local government, 
        Federal land management agencies, and Tribal governments.''.

SEC. 3007. WILDLIFE-VEHICLE COLLISION RESEARCH.

    (a) General Authorities and Requirements Regarding Wildlife and 
Habitat.--Section 515(h)(2) of title 23, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), 
        (I), (J), (K), and (L) as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), (H), 
        (I), (K), (L), (M), and (O), respectively;
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
                    ``(D) a representative from a State, local, or 
                regional wildlife, land use, or resource management 
                agency;'';
            (4) by inserting after subparagraph (I) (as so 
        redesignated) the following:
                    ``(J) an academic researcher who is a biological or 
                ecological scientist with expertise in transportation 
                issues;''; and
            (5) by inserting after subparagraph (M) (as so 
        redesignated) the following:
                    ``(N) a representative from a public interest group 
                concerned with the impact of the transportation system 
                on terrestrial and aquatic species and the habitat of 
                those species; and''.
    (b) Animal Detection Systems Research and Development.--Section 
516(b)(6) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``, 
including animal detection systems to reduce the number of wildlife-
vehicle collisions'' after ``systems''.
                                 <all>