Title: College for All Act of 2019
Policy area: Education

Summary:
College for All Act of 2019
This bill provides funding for (1) grants to eliminate tuition and required fees for eligible students at community colleges, public four-year institutions of higher education, and tribal colleges and universities; and (2) grants to eliminate or significantly reduce tuition and required fees for eligible students at private, nonprofit historically Black colleges and universities and minority-serving institutions.
In addition, the bill requires the Department of Education (ED) to forgive the outstanding balance of interest and principal due on all Federal Family Education Loans, Federal Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans, including parent loans, consolidation loans, and certain grants treated as loans. Further, ED must purchase and forgive the outstanding balance of interest and principal due on private student loans.

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1947 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 1947

  To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to ensure college for all.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             June 24, 2019

Mr. Schumer (for Mr. Sanders) introduced the following bill; which was 
          read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to ensure college for all.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``College for All Act of 2019''.

 TITLE I--FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP TO ELIMINATE TUITION AND REQUIRED 
                                  FEES

SEC. 101. FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP TO ELIMINATE TUITION AND REQUIRED 
              FEES.

    The Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``TITLE IX--FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP TO ELIMINATE TUITION AND REQUIRED 
                                  FEES

``SEC. 901. GRANT PROGRAM TO ELIMINATE TUITION AND REQUIRED FEES AT 
              PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRIBAL 
              COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Award year.--The term `award year' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 481(a).
            ``(2) Community college.--The term `community college' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a public institution of higher education at 
                which the credential that is predominantly awarded to 
                students is at the sub-baccalaureate level; or
                    ``(B) a public postsecondary vocational 
                institution, as defined under section 102(c).
            ``(3) Cost of attendance.--The term `cost of attendance' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 472.
            ``(4) Dual or concurrent enrollment program.--The term 
        `dual or concurrent enrollment program' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary 
        Education Act of 1965.
            ``(5) Early college high school.--The term `early college 
        high school' has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of 
        the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
            ``(6) Eligible indian entity.--The term `eligible Indian 
        entity' means the entity responsible for the governance, 
        operation, or control of a Tribal College or University.
            ``(7) Eligible student.--The term `eligible student' means 
        an individual, regardless of age, who has not obtained a 
        baccalaureate degree or higher degree and is enrolled, or plans 
        to enroll, in a community college or public 4-year institution 
        of higher education in the State in which the individual is a 
        resident or in a Tribal College or University.
            ``(8) Full-time equivalent eligible students.--The term 
        `full-time equivalent eligible students', when used with 
        respect to an institution of higher education, has the meaning 
        given the term `full-time equivalent students', except that the 
        calculation shall be made based on the number of eligible 
        students enrolled at such institution.
            ``(9) Full-time equivalent students.--The term `full-time 
        equivalent students' means the sum of the number of students 
        enrolled full time at an institution, plus the full-time 
        equivalent of the number of students enrolled part time 
        (determined on the basis of the quotient of the sum of the 
        credit hours of all part-time students divided by 12) at such 
        institution.
            ``(10) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        `institution of higher education' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101.
            ``(11) Public 4-year institution of higher education.--The 
        term `public 4-year institution of higher education' means an 
        institution of higher education that is not a community college 
        and is operated by a State, subdivision of a State, or 
        government agency within a State and operated wholly or 
        predominately from or through the use of governmental funds or 
        property.
            ``(12) Tribal college or university.--The term `Tribal 
        College or University' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 316(b)(3) and includes 2-year and 4-year institutions.
    ``(b) Program Authorized.--
            ``(1) Grants authorized.--From amounts appropriated under 
        subsection (g), the Secretary shall award grants, from 
        allotments under subsection (c), to States and eligible Indian 
        entities having applications approved under subsection (e), to 
        enable the States and eligible Indian entities to eliminate 
        tuition and required fees for all eligible students at 
        community colleges, public 4-year institutions of higher 
        education in the State, or Tribal Colleges and Universities of 
        the eligible Indian entity.
            ``(2) Non-federal share requirement.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), each State or eligible Indian entity 
                that receives a grant under this section shall provide 
                a non-Federal share of funds for an award year from 
                non-Federal sources in an amount that is equal to 33 
                percent of the amount required to eliminate tuition and 
                required fees--
                            ``(i) in the case of a State, at community 
                        colleges and public 4-year institutions of 
                        higher education in the State for all eligible 
                        students for the award year; and
                            ``(ii) in the case of an eligible Indian 
                        entity, at Tribal Colleges and Universities of 
                        the eligible Indian entity for all eligible 
                        students for the award year.
                    ``(B) Non-federal share requirement for certain 
                eligible indian entities.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of an 
                        eligible Indian entity that receives a grant 
                        under this section for an award year for which 
                        not less than 75 percent of the students 
                        enrolled in the Tribal Colleges and 
                        Universities of the eligible Indian entity are 
                        low-income students, such eligible Indian 
                        entity shall provide a non-Federal share of 
                        funds from non-Federal sources in an amount 
                        that is equal to not more than 5 percent of the 
                        amount necessary to eliminate tuition and 
                        required fees at Tribal Colleges and 
                        Universities of the eligible Indian entity for 
                        the award year.
                            ``(ii) Low-income student.--In this 
                        subparagraph, the term `low-income student' has 
                        the meaning given such term by the Secretary, 
                        except that such term shall not exclude any 
                        student eligible for a Federal Pell Grant under 
                        section 401.
                            ``(iii) Data.--In calculating the number of 
                        enrolled students and low-income students for 
                        purposes of clause (i), the Secretary shall 
                        use--
                                    ``(I) for the first award year of 
                                the program under this section, the 
                                number of students enrolled in award 
                                year 2017-2018; and
                                    ``(II) for each subsequent award 
                                year, the projected student enrollment 
                                numbers for the award year for which 
                                the allotment is made.
            ``(3) No in-kind contributions.--No in-kind contribution 
        shall count toward the non-Federal share requirement under 
        paragraph (2).
    ``(c) Determination of Allotment.--
            ``(1) First award year of program.--The Secretary shall 
        allot, to each eligible State or eligible Indian entity that 
        submits an application under this section for a grant under 
        subsection (b)(1) for the first award year of the program under 
        this section, an amount that is equal to 67 percent (or not 
        less than 95 percent in the case of an eligible Indian entity 
        described in subsection (b)(2)(B)) of the total revenue 
        received--
                    ``(A) in the case of a State, from all eligible 
                students at community colleges and at public 4-year 
                institutions of higher education in the State in the 
                form of tuition and required fees for--
                            ``(i) with respect to a State that did not 
                        eliminate tuition and required fees as 
                        described in subsection (d)(2) for the 
                        preceding award year, award year 2017-2018; or
                            ``(ii) with respect to a State that has 
                        eliminated tuition and required fees as 
                        described in such subsection, the last award 
                        year that the State charged tuition and 
                        required fees; and
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible Indian entity, 
                from all eligible students at Tribal Colleges and 
                Universities of the eligible Indian entity, in the form 
                of tuition and required fees for--
                            ``(i) with respect to an eligible Indian 
                        entity that did not eliminate tuition and 
                        required fees as described in subsection (d)(2) 
                        for the preceding award year, award year 2017-
                        2018; or
                            ``(ii) with respect to an eligible Indian 
                        entity that has eliminated tuition and required 
                        fees as described in such subsection, the last 
                        award year for which the eligible Indian entity 
                        charged tuition and required fees.
            ``(2) First award year allotment for states and eligible 
        indian entities applying after the first year of the program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall allot to 
                each eligible State or eligible Indian entity that 
                submits its first application for a grant under 
                subsection (b)(1) for the second or a subsequent year 
                of the program under this section, an amount equal to--
                            ``(i) the product of--
                                    ``(I) the allotment the eligible 
                                State or eligible Indian entity would 
                                have received in the first award year 
                                of the program under this section if 
                                the State or eligible Indian entity had 
                                submitted an application for such year;
                                    ``(II) the projected full-time 
                                equivalent eligible students figure for 
                                all community colleges and public 4-
                                year institutions of higher education 
                                of the eligible State, or all Tribal 
                                Colleges and Universities of the 
                                eligible Indian entity, for the award 
                                year for which the allotment is made; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) the amount of additional 
                                expenditures per full-time equivalent 
                                eligible student by the eligible State 
                                or eligible Indian entity that will be 
                                necessary to eliminate tuition and 
                                required fees for each such student for 
                                the award year for which the allotment 
                                is made; divided by
                            ``(ii) the product of--
                                    ``(I) the full-time equivalent 
                                eligible students figure for all 
                                community colleges and public 4-year 
                                institutions of higher education of the 
                                eligible State, or all Tribal Colleges 
                                and Universities of the eligible Indian 
                                entity, for the first award year of the 
                                program for which the eligible State or 
                                eligible Indian entity was eligible to 
                                submit an application under this 
                                section; and
                                    ``(II) the amount of expenditures 
                                per full-time equivalent eligible 
                                student by the eligible State or 
                                eligible Indian entity that would have 
                                been necessary to eliminate tuition and 
                                required fees for each such student for 
                                the first award year of the program for 
                                which the eligible State or eligible 
                                Indian entity was eligible to submit an 
                                application under this section.
                    ``(B) Projected enrollment.--If the projected full-
                time equivalent eligible students figure of the State 
                or eligible Indian entity under subparagraph (A) is 
                more than 25 percent larger than the full-time 
                equivalent eligible students figure for the preceding 
                year, the Secretary may challenge such enrollment 
                projection and offer an alternative enrollment 
                projection which shall be used in the formula under 
                subparagraph (A) for determining the allotment.
            ``(3) Subsequent award years.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall allot to an 
                eligible State or eligible Indian entity submitting an 
                application for a grant under subsection (b)(1) for a 
                second or subsequent year after receiving a grant under 
                paragraph (1) or (2), an amount equal to--
                            ``(i) the product of--
                                    ``(I) the allotment received for 
                                the first award year for which the 
                                eligible State or eligible Indian 
                                entity submitted an application;
                                    ``(II) the projected full-time 
                                equivalent eligible students figure for 
                                all community colleges and public 4-
                                year institutions of higher education 
                                of the eligible State, or all Tribal 
                                Colleges and Universities of the 
                                eligible Indian entity, for the award 
                                year for which the allotment is made; 
                                and
                                    ``(III) the amount of additional 
                                expenditures per full-time equivalent 
                                eligible student by the eligible State 
                                or eligible Indian entity that will be 
                                necessary to eliminate tuition and 
                                required fees for each such student for 
                                the award year for which the allotment 
                                is made; divided by
                            ``(ii) the product of--
                                    ``(I) the full-time equivalent 
                                eligible student figure for all 
                                community colleges and public 4-year 
                                institutions of higher education of the 
                                eligible State, or all Tribal Colleges 
                                and Universities of the eligible Indian 
                                entity, for the first award year that 
                                the State or eligible Indian entity 
                                participates under paragraph (1) or 
                                (2), as the case may be; and
                                    ``(II) the amount of expenditures 
                                per full-time equivalent eligible 
                                student by the eligible State or 
                                eligible Indian entity that was 
                                necessary to eliminate tuition and 
                                required fees for each such student for 
                                the first award year that the State or 
                                eligible Indian entity participates 
                                under paragraph (1) or (2), as the case 
                                may be.
                    ``(B) Projected enrollment.--If the projected full-
                time equivalent eligible students figure of the State 
                or eligible Indian entity under subparagraph (A) is 
                more than 25 percent larger than the full-time 
                equivalent eligible students figure for the preceding 
                year, the Secretary may challenge such enrollment 
                projection and offer an alternative enrollment 
                projection which shall be used in the formula under 
                subparagraph (A) for determining the allotment.
            ``(4) Actual enrollment figures.--
                    ``(A) In general.--By not later than November 1 of 
                the second award year for which a State or eligible 
                Indian entity receives an allotment under this section, 
                and each succeeding November 1, such State or eligible 
                Indian entity shall report to the Secretary its actual 
                full-time equivalent eligible students figure for the 
                preceding award year.
                    ``(B) Adjustments.--If the actual full-time 
                equivalent eligible students figure for the preceding 
                award year reported under subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) exceeds the projected enrollment that 
                        was used for determining the allotment for the 
                        preceding award year, notwithstanding any other 
                        provision of this section, the allotment for 
                        the award year in which the November 1 date 
                        falls for the State or eligible Indian entity 
                        shall be increased to reflect such actual 
                        enrollment, which figure shall be increased by 
                        the State Gross Domestic Product Price Index, 
                        or the Gross Domestic Product Price Index of 
                        the State in which the eligible Indian entity 
                        operates; or
                            ``(ii) is below the projected enrollment 
                        that was used for determining the allotment for 
                        the preceding award year, notwithstanding any 
                        other provision of this section, the allotment 
                        for the award year in which the November 1 date 
                        falls for the State or eligible Indian entity 
                        shall be decreased to reflect such actual 
                        enrollment, which figure shall be increased by 
                        the average interest rate on 5-year United 
                        States Treasury securities issued during the 
                        preceding award year.
            ``(5) Additional funds.--If a State or eligible Indian 
        entity provides additional funds toward reducing the cost of 
        attendance and improving instruction at institutions of higher 
        education beyond the cost of eliminating tuition and required 
        fees as described in subsection (d)(2) for any award year that 
        is more than the non-Federal share requirement under subsection 
        (b)(2) and the maintenance of expenditures requirement under 
        paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (d), the Secretary shall 
        provide to the State or eligible Indian entity an amount equal 
        to such additional funding provided by the State or eligible 
        Indian entity, which amount provided by the Secretary may be 
        used for the activities described in subsection (f)(2).
    ``(d) State and Eligible Indian Entity Eligibility Requirements.--
In order to be eligible to receive an allotment under this section for 
an award year, a State or eligible Indian entity shall comply with the 
following:
            ``(1) Ensure that public institutions of higher education 
        in the State or Tribal Colleges and Universities of the 
        eligible Indian entity maintain expenditures on instruction per 
        full-time equivalent student at levels that are equal to or 
        exceed the expenditures on instruction per full-time equivalent 
        student for award year 2017-2018.
            ``(2) Ensure that tuition and required fees are 
        eliminated--
                    ``(A) in the case of a State, for eligible students 
                at all community colleges and in all public 4-year 
                institutions of higher education in the State; or
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible Indian entity, for 
                eligible students in all Tribal Colleges and 
                Universities of the eligible Indian entity.
            ``(3) Maintain State operating expenditures per full-time 
        equivalent student for public institutions of higher education 
        in the State, or operating expenditures per full-time 
        equivalent student for Tribal Colleges and Universities of the 
        eligible Indian entity, excluding the amount of funds provided 
        under this section, at a level that is equal to or exceeds the 
        level of such support for award year 2017-2018.
            ``(4) Maintain State expenditures on need-based financial 
        aid programs for enrollment in public institutions of higher 
        education in the State or expenditures on need-based financial 
        aid programs for enrollment in Tribal Colleges and Universities 
        of the eligible Indian entity at a level that is equal to or 
        exceeds the level of such support for award year 2017-2018.
            ``(5) Ensure public institutions of higher education in the 
        State or Tribal Colleges and Universities of the eligible 
        Indian entity maintain funding for institutional need-based 
        student financial aid in an amount that is equal to or exceeds 
        the level of such support for award year 2017-2018.
            ``(6) Provide an assurance that not later than 5 years 
        after the first award year for which the grant is awarded, not 
        less than 75 percent of instruction at public institutions of 
        higher education in the State or Tribal Colleges and 
        Universities of the eligible Indian entity is provided by 
        tenured or tenure-track faculty.
            ``(7) Require that public institutions of higher education 
        in the State or Tribal Colleges and Universities of the 
        eligible Indian entity provide, for each student enrolled at 
        the institution who receives the maximum Federal Pell Grant 
        award under subpart 1 of part A of title IV, institutional 
        student financial aid (excluding student loans) in an amount 
        equal to 100 percent of the difference between--
                    ``(A) the cost of attendance at such institution; 
                and
                    ``(B) the sum of--
                            ``(i) the amount of the maximum Federal 
                        Pell Grant award; and
                            ``(ii) the student's expected family 
                        contribution.
            ``(8) Ensure that public institutions of higher education 
        in the State or Tribal Colleges and Universities of the 
        eligible Indian entity not adopt policies to reduce enrollment.
            ``(9) Provide an assurance that public institutions of 
        higher education in the State or Tribal Colleges and 
        Universities of the eligible Indian entity will not charge out-
        of-State students an amount that exceeds the marginal cost of 
        attending institutions of higher education in the State or 
        Tribal Colleges and Universities of the eligible Indian entity.
            ``(10) Provide an assurance that public institutions of 
        higher education in the State or Tribal Colleges and 
        Universities of the eligible Indian entity that charge non-
        eligible in-State students tuition and required fees, will not 
        charge such students a rate that exceeds the rate for the last 
        year that tuition and required fees were charged to eligible 
        students, increased by the percentage change for subsequent 
        years in the expenditures per full-time equivalent eligible 
        student by the State or eligible entity that is necessary to 
        continue to eliminate tuition and required fees for eligible 
        students.
    ``(e) Submission and Contents of Application.--For each award year 
for which a State or eligible Indian entity desires a grant under this 
section, an application shall be submitted to the Secretary at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary 
may require. Such application shall be submitted by--
            ``(1) in the case of a State, the State agency with 
        jurisdiction over higher education or another agency designated 
        by the Governor or chief executive of the State to administer 
        the program under this section; and
            ``(2) in the case of an eligible Indian entity, the 
        eligible Indian entity or a Tribal College or University of the 
        eligible Indian entity.
    ``(f) Use of Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--A State or eligible Indian entity that 
        receives a grant under this section shall use the grant funds 
        and the non-Federal share funds required under this section--
                    ``(A) in the case of a State, to eliminate tuition 
                and required fees for all eligible students at 
                community colleges and public 4-year institutions of 
                higher education in the State; and
                    ``(B) in the case of an eligible Indian entity, to 
                eliminate tuition and required fees for all eligible 
                students at Tribal Colleges and Universities of the 
                eligible Indian entity.
            ``(2) Additional funding.--Once tuition and required fees 
        have been eliminated pursuant to paragraph (1), a State or 
        eligible Indian entity that receives a grant under this section 
        shall use any remaining grant funds and non-Federal share funds 
        required under this section to reduce the cost of attendance 
        and increase the quality of instruction and student support 
        services at public institutions of higher education in the 
        State or at Tribal Colleges and Universities of the eligible 
        Indian entity by carrying out any of the following:
                    ``(A) Providing additional non-loan aid to 
                students, which may include need-based student 
                financial aid, to reduce or eliminate the cost of 
                attendance for a public institution of higher education 
                or a Tribal College or University beyond eliminating 
                tuition and required fees.
                    ``(B) Expanding academic course offerings and high-
                quality occupational skills training programs to 
                students.
                    ``(C) Increasing the number and percentage of full-
                time instructional faculty, including full-time tenure 
                and tenure-track instructional faculty.
                    ``(D) Providing all faculty with professional 
                supports to help students succeed, such as professional 
                development opportunities, office space, and shared 
                governance in the institution.
                    ``(E) Compensating adjunct and part-time faculty 
                for work done inside and outside of the classroom 
                relating to instruction, such as holding office hours.
                    ``(F) Strengthening and ensuring all students have 
                access to student support services such as academic 
                advising, counseling, and tutoring.
                    ``(G) Expanding access to dual or concurrent 
                enrollment programs and early college high school 
                programs.
                    ``(H) Any other additional activities that improve 
                instructional quality and academic outcomes for 
                students as approved by the Secretary through a peer 
                review process.
            ``(3) Prohibition.--A State or eligible Indian entity that 
        receives a grant under this section may not use grant funds or 
        non-Federal share funds required under this section--
                    ``(A) for the construction of a nonacademic 
                facility, such as an athletic facility or stadium;
                    ``(B) for merit-based student financial aid;
                    ``(C) for need-based student financial aid (except 
                to the extent funds available under subsection (c)(5) 
                are used to carry out paragraph (2)(A));
                    ``(D) to pay the salaries or benefits of school 
                administrators;
                    ``(E) for capital outlays or deferred maintenance; 
                or
                    ``(F) for expenditures on athletics other than 
                activities open to all members of the campus community.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated, 
        and there are appropriated, to carry out this section--
                    ``(A) such sums as may be necessary for the fourth 
                quarter of fiscal year 2019;
                    ``(B) $48,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
                    ``(C) such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
                fiscal years 2021 through 2029.
            ``(2) Availability of funds.--Funds made available pursuant 
        to paragraph (1)(A) shall be available for obligation from 
        October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020. Funds made available 
        pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be 
        available for obligation through September 30 of the fiscal 
        year succeeding the fiscal year for which such sums were 
        appropriated.

``SEC. 902. GRANT PROGRAM FOR PRIVATE HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND 
              UNIVERSITIES AND PRIVATE MINORITY-SERVING INSTITUTIONS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--Except as otherwise provided, in this section:
            ``(1) Community college.--The term `community college' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 901.
            ``(2) Eligible institution.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (D), the term `eligible institution' means 
                a private, nonprofit 2-year institution or 4-year 
                institution that--
                            ``(i) is--
                                    ``(I) a part B institution (as 
                                defined in section 322);
                                    ``(II) a Hispanic-serving 
                                institution (as defined in section 
                                502);
                                    ``(III) a Tribal College or 
                                University (as defined in section 316) 
                                whose entity responsible for the 
                                governance, operation, or control of 
                                the College or University has not 
                                received a grant under section 901;
                                    ``(IV) an Alaska Native-serving 
                                institution or a Native Hawaiian-
                                serving institution (as defined in 
                                section 317(b));
                                    ``(V) a Predominantly Black 
                                institution (as defined in section 
                                371(c));
                                    ``(VI) an Asian American and Native 
                                American Pacific Islander-serving 
                                institution (as defined in section 
                                371(c)); or
                                    ``(VII) a Native American-serving 
                                nontribal institution (as defined in 
                                section 371(c));
                            ``(ii) has a student body of which not less 
                        than 35 percent are low-income students;
                            ``(iii) ensures that tuition and required 
                        fees for eligible students enrolled in the 
                        institution are eliminated or significantly 
                        reduced during any period for which the 
                        institution receives a grant under this 
                        section;
                            ``(iv) maintains expenditures on 
                        instruction per a full-time equivalent eligible 
                        student at levels that meet or exceed the 
                        expenditures on instruction per a full-time 
                        equivalent eligible student for award year 
                        2017-2018;
                            ``(v) will invest institutional funds and 
                        seek additional funding to reduce or eliminate 
                        tuition and required fees for all students;
                            ``(vi) maintains expenditures on need-based 
                        financial aid programs for students enrolled at 
                        the institution at a level that meets or 
                        exceeds the level of such support for award 
                        year 2017-2018;
                            ``(vii) provides an assurance that the 
                        institution will increase the amount of 
                        instruction provided by tenured or tenure-track 
                        faculty; and
                            ``(viii) does not adopt policies to reduce 
                        enrollment.
                    ``(B) 2-year institution.--The term `2-year 
                institution' means an institution at which the 
                credential that is predominantly awarded to students is 
                at the sub-baccalaureate level.
                    ``(C) 4-year institution.--The term `4-year 
                institution' means an institution that is not a 2-year 
                institution.
                    ``(D) Exception.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An eligible institution 
                        as described in subparagraph (A) shall not be 
                        an eligible institution for purposes of this 
                        section for the period described in clause (ii) 
                        if such institution was a for-profit 
                        institution at any time that converted to a 
                        nonprofit institution.
                            ``(ii) Period of ineligibility.--An 
                        institution described under clause (i) shall 
                        not be an eligible institution for purposes of 
                        this section for a period of 25 years from the 
                        date the institution converted from a for-
                        profit institution to a nonprofit institution 
                        or 25 years after the date of enactment of this 
                        Act, whichever period is longer.
            ``(3) Eligible student.--The term `eligible student' means 
        a low-income student enrolled in an eligible institution who 
        has not obtained a baccalaureate degree or a higher degree.
            ``(4) Full-time equivalent eligible students.--The term 
        `full-time equivalent eligible students' means the sum of the 
        number of eligible students projected to enroll full time at an 
        institution for an award year, plus the full-time equivalent of 
        the number of eligible students projected to be enrolled part 
        time (determined on the basis of the quotient of the sum of the 
        credit hours of all part-time eligible students divided by 12) 
        at such institution, for such award year.
            ``(5) Low-income student.--The term `low-income student' 
        has the meaning given such term by the Secretary, except that 
        such term shall not exclude any student eligible for a Federal 
        Pell Grant under section 401.
            ``(6) Public 4-year institution of higher education.--The 
        term `public 4-year institution of higher education' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 901.
    ``(b) Authorization of Grant Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--From amounts appropriated under 
        subsection (e), the Secretary shall award grants, from 
        allotments under paragraph (2), to eligible institutions having 
        applications approved under subsection (c), to enable the 
        eligible institutions to eliminate or significantly reduce 
        tuition and required fees for eligible students.
            ``(2) Allotments.--Subject to paragraph (3), the Secretary 
        shall allot, for each award year, to each eligible institution 
        having an application approved under subsection (c), an amount 
        that is equal to the product of--
                    ``(A) tuition and required fees for eligible 
                students at the eligible institution for the award 
                year, and
                    ``(B) the number of full-time equivalent eligible 
                students projected to enroll in the eligible 
                institution for the award year.
            ``(3) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Limitations on institutional allotments.--In 
                making allotments under paragraph (2) for an award 
                year, the Secretary shall not award an allotment that 
                is--
                            ``(i) with respect to an eligible 
                        institution that operates in a State that has 
                        eliminated tuition and required fees as 
                        described in section 901(d)(2) for the 
                        preceding award year, more than the amount 
                        equal to the product of--
                                    ``(I) the number of projected full-
                                time equivalent eligible students for 
                                the award year; and
                                    ``(II) the expenditures per full-
                                time equivalent eligible student, 
                                including the Federal allotment and 
                                non-Federal share, under section 901 
                                for the preceding award year for the 
                                State (or, in the case of a State that 
                                did not receive a grant under such 
                                section for the preceding award year, 
                                the amount needed to eliminate tuition 
                                and required fees for full-time 
                                equivalent eligible students in the 
                                State, calculated in the same manner as 
                                such amount is calculated under section 
                                901(c) for the preceding award year for 
                                the State), at--
                                            ``(aa) if the eligible 
                                        institution is a 2-year 
                                        institution, community colleges 
                                        in the State in which the 
                                        institution operates; or
                                            ``(bb) if the eligible 
                                        institution is a 4-year 
                                        institution, public 4-year 
                                        institutions of higher 
                                        education in the State in which 
                                        the institution operates; and
                            ``(ii) with respect to an eligible 
                        institution that operates in a State that has 
                        not eliminated tuition and required fees as 
                        described in section 901(d)(2) for the 
                        preceding award year, more than the amount 
                        equal to the product of--
                                    ``(I) the number of projected full-
                                time equivalent eligible students for 
                                the award year; and
                                    ``(II) the average tuition and 
                                required fees for the preceding award 
                                year at--
                                            ``(aa) if the eligible 
                                        institution is a 2-year 
                                        institution, public 2-year 
                                        institutions of higher 
                                        education in the State in which 
                                        the institution operates; or
                                            ``(bb) if the eligible 
                                        institution is a 4-year 
                                        institution, public 4-year 
                                        institutions of higher 
                                        education in the State in which 
                                        the institution operates.
                    ``(B) Limitations on tuition hikes.--
                            ``(i) First award year.--For the first 
                        award year for which an eligible institution 
                        applies for a grant under this section, such 
                        eligible institution shall not increase tuition 
                        and required fees at a rate that is greater 
                        than any annual increase in tuition and 
                        required fees at the eligible institution for 
                        the 5 years preceding such first award year.
                            ``(ii) Succeeding award years.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--For each award 
                                year after the first award year for 
                                which an eligible institution receives 
                                a grant under this section, such 
                                eligible institution shall not increase 
                                tuition and required fees for eligible 
                                students from the preceding award year 
                                at a rate that is greater than the 
                                percentage increase in the Employment 
                                Cost Index for the award year for which 
                                the grant is received, as compared to 
                                the Employment Cost Index for the award 
                                year preceding the award year for which 
                                the grant is received.
                                    ``(II) Employment cost index.--In 
                                this subparagraph, the term `Employment 
                                Cost Index', when used with respect to 
                                an award year, means the Employment 
                                Cost Index for total compensation for 
                                private industry workers by bargaining 
                                status and census region and division 
                                (not seasonally adjusted) of the 
                                division in which the eligible entity 
                                is located, as provided by the Bureau 
                                of Labor Statistics of the Department 
                                of Labor, that is provided for the 
                                December that immediately precedes the 
                                start of the award year.
            ``(4) Actual enrollment figures.--
                    ``(A) In general.--By not later than November 1 of 
                the second award year for which an eligible institution 
                receives a grant under this section, such eligible 
                institution shall report to the Secretary its actual 
                full-time equivalent eligible students figure for the 
                preceding award year.
                    ``(B) Adjustments.--If the actual full-time 
                equivalent eligible students figure for the preceding 
                award year reported under subparagraph (A)--
                            ``(i) exceeds the projected enrollment that 
                        was used for determining the allotment under 
                        paragraph (2)(B) for the preceding award year, 
                        notwithstanding any other provision of this 
                        Act, the allotment for the award year in which 
                        the November 1 date falls for the eligible 
                        institution shall be increased to reflect such 
                        actual enrollment, which figure shall be 
                        increased by the Gross Domestic Product Price 
                        Index of the State in which the eligible 
                        institution operates; or
                            ``(ii) is below the projected enrollment 
                        that was used for determining the allotment 
                        under paragraph (2)(B) for the preceding award 
                        year, notwithstanding any other provision of 
                        this Act, the allotment for the award year in 
                        which the November 1 date falls for the 
                        eligible institution shall be decreased to 
                        reflect such actual enrollment, which figure 
                        shall be increased by the average interest rate 
                        on 5-year United States Treasury securities 
                        issued during the preceding award year.
    ``(c) Application.--An eligible institution that desires to receive 
a grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary an application 
at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
Secretary may require.
    ``(d) Prohibition.--An eligible institution that receives a grant 
under this section may not use grant funds under this section--
            ``(1) for the construction of a nonacademic facility, such 
        as an athletic facility or stadium;
            ``(2) for merit-based or need-based student financial aid;
            ``(3) to pay the salaries or benefits of school 
        administrators;
            ``(4) for capital outlays or deferred maintenance; or
            ``(5) for expenditures on athletics other than activities 
        open to all members of the campus community.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            ``(1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated, 
        and there are appropriated, to carry out this section--
                    ``(A) such sums as may be necessary for the fourth 
                quarter of fiscal year 2019;
                    ``(B) $1,340,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
                    ``(C) such sums as may be necessary for each of the 
                fiscal years 2021 through 2029.
            ``(2) Availability of funds.--Funds made available pursuant 
        to paragraph (1)(A) shall be available for obligation from 
        October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2020. Funds made available 
        pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be 
        available for obligation through September 30 of the fiscal 
        year succeeding the fiscal year for which such sums were 
        appropriated.''.

SEC. 102. INCREASING SUCCESS FOR LOW-INCOME AND FIRST GENERATION 
              STUDENTS.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations for Federal TRIO Programs.--
Section 402A(g) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a-
11(g)) is amended by inserting after the first sentence the following: 
``For the purpose of making grants and contracts under this chapter, 
there are authorized to be appropriated $1,260,000,000 for fiscal year 
2020, $1,440,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, $1,620,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2022, $1,800,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, $2,000,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2024, and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal 
years 2024 through 2028.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations for GEAR UP Programs.--Section 
404H of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a-28) is 
amended by striking ``$400,000,000'' and all that follows through the 
period and inserting ``$410,000,000 for fiscal year 2020, $419,000,000 
for fiscal year 2021, $427,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, $436,000,000 
for fiscal year 2023, and $445,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.''.

TITLE II--EXPANSION OF WORK STUDY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF TODAY'S STUDENTS

SEC. 201. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 441(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087-
51(b)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this part--
            ``(1) $1,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(2) $2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(3) $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(4) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(5) $3,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
            ``(6) such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal 
        years 2025-2028.''.

SEC. 202. REFORM OF THE WORK STUDY FORMULA.

    Section 442 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087-52) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) Revision to the Federal Work Study Allocation.--The Secretary 
shall allocate funds under this section solely on the basis of the 
self-help need determination described under subsection (c).'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``To determine 
                the self-help need of an institution's eligible 
                undergraduate students,'' and inserting ``Until such 
                time as the Secretary establishes a revised method to 
                determine the self-help need of an institution's 
                eligible undergraduate students, in accordance with 
                paragraph (5),'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``To determine 
                the self-help need of an institution's eligible 
                graduate and professional students'', and inserting 
                ``Until such time as the Secretary establishes a 
                revised method to determine the self-help need of an 
                institution's eligible graduate and professional 
                students, in accordance with paragraph (5),''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        the College for All Act of 2019, the Secretary shall establish 
        revised methods for determining the self-help need of an 
        institution's eligible undergraduate students, as described in 
        paragraph (2), and eligible graduate and professional students, 
        as described in paragraph (3), that shall take into account the 
        number of Federal Pell Grant eligible low-income and moderate-
        income students that an eligible institution serves and provide 
        considerations for eligible institutions that successfully 
        demonstrate improved employment outcomes. The Secretary shall 
        promulgate any regulations necessary to carry out the revised 
        methods of determining an eligible institution's self-help need 
        under this subsection.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Funds To Expand Job Location Development Programs.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, to promote career 
readiness and improve the employment skills of Federal Pell Grant-
eligible students, the Secretary is authorized to enter into agreements 
with eligible institutions under which such institution may use not 
more than 20 percent or $150,000 of its allotment under this section, 
whichever amount is less, to expand job location development programs, 
which may be coordinated with State and local workforce development 
boards.''.

        TITLE III--STUDENT LOAN RELIEF FOR MILLIONS OF BORROWERS

SEC. 301. RESTORATION OF CERTAIN INTEREST RATE PROVISIONS.

    Section 455(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1087e(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (8)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``on or after july 
                1, 2013'' and inserting ``on or after july 1, 2013, and 
                before july 1, 2019''; and
                    (B) by striking ``on or after July 1, 2013'' and 
                inserting ``on or after July 1, 2013, and before July 
                1, 2019'' each place the term appears;
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (9) and (10) as paragraphs 
        (10) and (11), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following:
            ``(9) Interest rate provisions for new loans on or after 
        july 1, 2019.--
                    ``(A) Rates for undergraduate fdsl and fdusl and 
                graduate and professional fdusl.--Notwithstanding the 
                preceding paragraphs of this subsection, for Federal 
                Direct Stafford Loans and Federal Direct Unsubsidized 
                Stafford Loans issued to undergraduate students and 
                graduate and professional students, for which the first 
                disbursement is made on or after July 1, 2019, the 
                applicable rate of interest shall, during any 12-month 
                period beginning on July 1 and ending on June 30, be 
                equal to not more than 1.88 percent.
                    ``(B) In school and grace period rules for 
                undergraduates and graduate and professional 
                students.--Notwithstanding the preceding paragraphs of 
                this subsection, with respect to any Federal Direct 
                Stafford Loan or Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford 
                Loan issued to an undergraduate student or a graduate 
                or professional student for which the first 
                disbursement is made on or after July 1, 2019, the 
                applicable rate of interest for interest which 
                accrues--
                            ``(i) prior to the beginning of the 
                        repayment period of the loan; or
                            ``(ii) during the period in which principal 
                        need not be paid (whether or not such principal 
                        is in fact paid) by reason of a provision 
                        described in subsection (f),
                shall be equal to not more than 1.88 percent.
                    ``(C) PLUS loans.--Notwithstanding the preceding 
                paragraphs of this subsection, with respect to Federal 
                Direct PLUS Loan for which the first disbursement is 
                made on or after July 1, 2019, the applicable rate of 
                interest shall be equal to not more than 1.88 percent.
                    ``(D) Consolidation loans.--Notwithstanding the 
                preceding paragraphs of this subsection, any Federal 
                Direct Consolidation loan for which the application is 
                received on or after July 1, 2019, shall bear interest 
                at an annual rate on the unpaid principal balance of 
                the loan that is equal to not more than 1.88 
                percent.''.

                  TITLE IV--STUDENT DEBT CANCELLATION

SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Student Debt Cancellation Act of 
2019''.

SEC. 402. FORGIVENESS OF OUTSTANDING FEDERAL STUDENT LOANS.

    (a) Forgiveness Required.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
title, the Secretary of Education shall forgive the outstanding balance 
of interest and principal due on all eligible Federal student loans.
    (b) Definition of Eligible Federal Student Loan.--In this title, 
the term ``eligible Federal student loan'' means any loan made, 
insured, or guaranteed under part B, part D, or part E of title IV of 
the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq., 1087a et 
seq., 1087aa et seq.) before the date of enactment of this title, 
including--
            (1) loans made to a parent borrower on behalf of a 
        dependent student under part B or part D of such Act;
            (2) consolidation loans made under such Act; and
            (3) any grant treated as a loan under such part D in 
        accordance with section 258(e), section 420M(c), or section 
        807(d) of such Act.
    (c) Method of Loan Forgiveness.--To provide the loan forgiveness 
required under subsection (a), the Secretary of Education is authorized 
to carry out a program--
            (1) through the holder of a loan, to assume the obligation 
        to repay the outstanding balance of interest and principal due 
        on loans made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of title IV 
        of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.); 
        and
            (2) to cancel the outstanding balance of interest and 
        principal due on loans made under part D or part E of such 
        title.
    (d) Repayment Refunds.--
            (1) Prior repayment.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed to authorize any refunding of any eligible Federal 
        student loan repayment made before the date of enactment of 
        this title.
            (2) Payments made after enactment.--The Secretary shall 
        refund to each borrower who receives forgiveness under this 
        section the amount of any payments the borrower makes on an 
        eligible Federal student loan during the period beginning on 
        the date of the enactment of this title and ending on the date 
        on which the Secretary forgives the outstanding balance of such 
        eligible Federal student loan.
    (e) Exclusion From Taxable Income.--The amount of a borrower's 
eligible Federal student loans forgiven under this section, and the 
amount of any repayments to a borrower under subsection (d)(2), shall 
not be included in the gross income of the borrower for purposes of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 403. PURCHASE AND FORGIVENESS OF OUTSTANDING PRIVATE STUDENT 
              LOANS.

    (a) In General.--Part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 
459B the following:

``SEC. 459C. TEMPORARY AUTHORITY TO PURCHASE AND FORGIVE ELIGIBLE 
              PRIVATE STUDENT LOANS.

    ``(a) Private Education Loan Purchase and Forgiveness.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of the Student Debt Cancellation Act of 
2019, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the 
Treasury, shall carry out a program under which the Secretary shall 
purchase, and then forgive, the outstanding balance of interest and 
principal due on eligible private student loans.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Eligible private student loan.--In this section, the 
        term `eligible private student loan' means a private education 
        loan, as defined in section 140(a) of the Truth in Lending Act 
        (15 U.S.C. 1650(a)), that was expressly for the cost of 
        attendance (as defined in section 472) at an institution of 
        higher education participating in a loan program under this 
        part or part B or E, as of the date that the loan was 
        disbursed, and that was made before the date of enactment of 
        the Student Debt Cancellation Act of 2019.
            ``(2) Private educational lender.--The term `private 
        educational lender' has the meaning given the term in section 
        140(a) of the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1650(a)).
    ``(c) Method of Loan Purchase and Forgiveness.--The Secretary, in 
consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall carry out a 
program under which the Secretary, upon application by a borrower who 
has an eligible private student loan, shall purchase the eligible 
private student loans of the borrower, issue such borrower a loan under 
this section, and forgive such loan, in accordance with the following:
            ``(1) The Secretary shall pay to the private educational 
        lender of the eligible private student loan an amount equal to 
        the sum of the unpaid principal, accrued unpaid interest, and 
        late charges of the eligible private student loan, as 
        calculated on the date of the purchase of such loan, in order 
        to discharge the borrower from any remaining obligation to the 
        private educational lender with respect to the eligible private 
        student loan.
            ``(2) The Secretary shall issue to the borrower a loan, 
        known as a Federal Direct Forgiveness Loan, in an amount equal 
        to the sum of the amount paid to the private educational lender 
        of the eligible private student loan of the borrower that was 
        purchased by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (1).
            ``(3) The Secretary shall, immediately upon issuance of a 
        Federal Direct Forgiveness Loan, cancel the outstanding balance 
        of interest and principal due on such loan.
    ``(d) Repayment Refunds Prohibited.--Nothing in this section shall 
be construed to authorize any refunding of any repayment of a loan.
    ``(e) Exclusion From Taxable Income.--The amount of a borrower's 
Federal Direct Forgiveness Loans forgiven under this section shall not 
be included in the gross income of the borrower for purposes of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.''.
    (b) Notice to Borrowers.--Section 128(e) of the Truth in Lending 
Act (15 U.S.C. 1638(e)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
            ``(12) Notice required along with billing statements.--
        Along with each billing statement sent to the borrower during 
        the six-month period beginning on the day after the date of 
        enactment of the Student Debt Cancellation Act of 2019, the 
        private educational lender shall include a statement informing 
        the borrower that--
                    ``(A) the borrower may be eligible for loan 
                forgiveness of eligible private student loans under 
                section 459C of the Higher Education Act of 1965; and
                    ``(B) to be eligible for such loan forgiveness, the 
                borrower must apply to the Secretary of Education no 
                later than the date that is 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of the Student Debt Cancellation Act of 
                2019.''.

SEC. 404. NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

    Not later than 15 days after the date of enactment of this title, 
the Secretary of Education, in consultation with institutions of higher 
education and lenders of Federal student loans and private education 
loans, shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that 
borrowers who have outstanding eligible Federal student loans or 
outstanding eligible private student loans (as defined in section 459C 
of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as added by this title) are aware 
of the loan forgiveness programs authorized by this title. Such 
information shall--
            (1) be presented in a form that is widely available to the 
        public, especially to borrowers with outstanding Federal and 
        private student loans;
            (2) be easily understandable; and
            (3) clearly notify borrowers of eligible private student 
        loans--
                    (A) that borrowers must apply for loan forgiveness 
                under this title, and must do so no later than the date 
                that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
                title; and
                    (B) of the application process and requirements to 
                apply for forgiveness of eligible private student loans 
                in accordance with this title.

                          TITLE V--SNYDER ACT

SEC. 501. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING THE SNYDER ACT.

    Nothing in this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, shall be 
construed to change or abrogate the Federal Government's 
responsibilities under the Act of November 2, 1921 (commonly known as 
the ``Snyder Act'') (25 U.S.C. 13).
                                 <all>