Title: Housing is a Human Right Act of 2020
Policy area: Housing and Community Development

Summary:
Housing is a Human Right Act of 2020
This bill establishes and expands programs to assist homeless and housing-unstable individuals and establishes new real property-related taxes to fund specified Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) programs.
HUD must establish the Community Development Block Grant Plus Program for state and local governments to assist homeless and housing-unstable individuals as well as cost-burdened households. These funds may be used only for certain activities that assist these populations, including the construction of new affordable housing.
The bill also establishes other grant programs to assist these individuals, such as by facilitating access to voting and libraries.
Governmental entities may not receive assistance under the bill unless they have, or are working to implement, policies that (1) do not criminally punish homeless individuals for sleeping outside or on public property, and (2) comply with constitutional protections for these individuals' property.
In addition, the bill establishes taxes on (1) the sale or exchange of real property of at least $10 million, (2) the sale or exchange of real property involving an anonymous entity, and (3) rent received by landlords that own large amounts of dwelling units. The revenue from these taxes must be credited to various HUD programs in specified percentages.
The Government Accountability Office must study (1) the allocation formula for Emergency Food and Shelter grants, (2) recipient compliance with various grant program guidelines, and (3) barriers related to access to essential documents that homeless and housing-unstable individuals face.

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6308 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 6308

  To address root causes of homelessness, meet the needs of community 
 members experiencing harms from homelessness, transition communities 
     towards providing housing for all, and ensure full democratic 
 participation and inclusion of persons experiencing homelessness, and 
                          for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             March 19, 2020

 Ms. Jayapal (for herself, Ms. Meng, Mr. Garcia of Illinois, Ms. Omar, 
    Ms. Pressley, Ms. Tlaib, Mr. Blumenauer, and Ms. Ocasio-Cortez) 
 introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
    Financial Services, and in addition to the Committees on House 
Administration, Education and Labor, Ways and Means, and the Judiciary, 
for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case 
for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of 
                        the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To address root causes of homelessness, meet the needs of community 
 members experiencing harms from homelessness, transition communities 
     towards providing housing for all, and ensure full democratic 
 participation and inclusion of persons experiencing homelessness, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Housing is a Human 
Right Act of 2020''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
                            TITLE I--FUNDING

Sec. 101. Treatment of revenue generated.
Sec. 102. Emergency solutions grant program.
Sec. 103. Continuum of care grant program.
Sec. 104. Federal Emergency Management Agency emergency food and 
                            shelter grant program.
Sec. 105. Requirements.
Sec. 106. GAO study of requirements regarding participation and 
                            involvement of homeless individuals.
                 TITLE II--ACCESS TO PERSONAL DOCUMENTS

Sec. 201. Access to certain essential documents.
      TITLE III--UNITED STATES INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON HOMELESSNESS

Sec. 301. Permanent authorization.
Sec. 302. Functions.
Sec. 303. Advisory board.
Sec. 304. Director.
Sec. 305. Conforming amendment.
                       TITLE IV--ACCESS TO VOTING

Sec. 401. Study of factors adversely affecting ability of homeless and 
                            housing-unstable individuals to vote.
Sec. 402. Grants to facilitate voting by homeless and housing-unstable 
                            individuals.
         TITLE V--HUMANE INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESS PUBLIC NEEDS

Sec. 501. Library pilot grants.
Sec. 502. CDBG Plus program.
   TITLE VI--REVENUE RELATED TO HOUSING SPECULATION AND DISPLACEMENT

Sec. 601. Amendments to the tax code.
Sec. 602. Phase down of mortgage interest deduction.
     TITLE VII--SUPPORTED ALTERNATIVES TO PENALIZATION OF PERSONS 
                       EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS

Sec. 701. Grant authorization.
Sec. 702. Application.
Sec. 703. Use of funds.
Sec. 704. Authorization of appropriations.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
            (1) At risk of homelessness.--The term ``at risk of 
        homelessness'' means, with respect to an individual or family, 
        that the individual or family--
                    (A) has an annual income that is less than 30 
                percent of median family income for the area, as 
                determined by the Secretary;
                    (B) does not have sufficient resources or support 
                networks, including family, friends, faith-based 
                organizations, and other social networks, immediately 
                available to prevent the individual or family from 
                moving to an emergency shelter or other place described 
                in paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection; and
                    (C)(i) has moved because of economic hardship two 
                or more times during the 60 days immediately preceding 
                the application for homelessness prevention assistance 
                under this Act;
                    (ii) is living in the home of another because of 
                economic hardship;
                    (iii) has been notified in writing that their right 
                to occupy their current housing or living situation 
                will be terminated within 21 days of the date of 
                application for assistance under this Act;
                    (iv) lives in a hotel or motel and the cost of the 
                hotel or motel stay is not paid by charitable 
                organizations or by Federal, State, or local government 
                programs for low-income individuals;
                    (v) lives in a single-room occupancy or efficiency 
                apartment unit in which there reside more than two 
                persons, or lives in a larger housing unit in which 
                there reside more than 1.5 people per room, as defined 
                by the United States Census Bureau;
                    (vi) is exiting a publicly funded institution, or 
                system of care, including health-care facilities, 
                mental health facilities, foster care and other youth 
                facilities, and correction programs and institutions; 
                or
                    (vii) otherwise lives in housing that has 
                characteristics associated with instability and an 
                increased risk of homelessness, including those 
                characteristics identified in the approved consolidated 
                plan for the applicable jurisdiction.
            (2) Cost-burdened.--The term ``cost-burdened'' means, with 
        respect to an individual or family, that the individual or 
        family--
                    (A) spends more than 22 percent of their income on 
                rent, or other housing-related costs, including 
                property taxes, utility bills, and mortgage payments, 
                or both; or
                    (B) otherwise compromises other basic needs in 
                order to pay for housing.
            (3) Governmental unit; municipality.--The terms 
        ``governmental unit'' and ``municipality'' have the meanings 
        given such terms in section 101 of title 31, United States 
        Code.
            (4) Homeless.--The term ``homeless'' means, with respect to 
        an individual or family--
                    (A) an individual or family who lacks a fixed, 
                regular, and adequate nighttime residence;
                    (B) an individual or family with a primary 
                nighttime residence that is a public or private place 
                not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular 
                sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a 
                car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, 
                airport, or camping ground;
                    (C) an individual or family living in a supervised 
                publicly or privately operated shelter designated to 
                provide temporary living arrangements (including hotels 
                and motels paid for by Federal, State, or local 
                government programs for low-income individuals or by 
                charitable organizations, congregate shelters, and 
                transitional housing);
                    (D) an individual who resided in a shelter or place 
                not meant for human habitation and who is exiting an 
                institution where he or she temporarily resided; and
                    (E) an individual or family who will imminently 
                lose their housing, including housing they own, rent, 
                or live in without paying rent, are sharing with 
                others, and rooms in hotels or motels not paid for by 
                Federal, State, or local government programs for low-
                income individuals or by charitable organizations.
            (5) Housing first.--The term ``Housing First'' means, with 
        respect to addressing homelessness, an approach to quickly and 
        successfully connect individuals and families experiencing 
        homelessness to permanent and affordable housing opportunities 
        and appropriate services without preconditions and low or no 
        barriers to entry, including barriers relating to sobriety, 
        treatment, work requirements, and service participation 
        requirements.
            (6) Housing-unstable.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``housing-unstable'' 
                means, with respect to an individual or family that the 
                individual or family--
                            (i) lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate 
                        nighttime residence;
                            (ii) shares housing with other persons due 
                        to loss of housing or economic hardship;
                            (iii) lives in hotels or motels, trailer 
                        parks, or campgrounds due to lack of 
                        alternative arrangements;
                            (iv) is awaiting foster care placement;
                            (v) lives in substandard housing;
                            (vi) is a child of migrant worker;
                            (vii) has moved more than three times in 
                        the past year due to economic instability;
                            (viii) would be unable to pay for housing 
                        if their income decreased by $100 or more or if 
                        they experienced a financial hardship;
                            (ix) is paying for housing or shelter with 
                        labor or sex;
                            (x) has housing that is dependent on their 
                        employer;
                            (xi) is exiting from incarceration 
                        (including pre-trial and pre-conviction 
                        detention; immigration detention; and juvenile 
                        detention) or who will be exiting from 
                        incarceration (including conditional release on 
                        bail or parole) in the next six months, or, 
                        with respect to youth, who is or has been held 
                        in the custody of the Office of Refugee 
                        Resettlement of the Department of Health and 
                        Human Services;
                            (xii) has an income is does not exceed 50 
                        percent of median income for the area in which 
                        they reside;
                            (xiii) has a primary income that is fixed 
                        and derived solely from Federal or State 
                        benefits; or
                            (xiv) is a survivor of domestic violence or 
                        trafficking residing with a perpetrator of 
                        domestic violence or trafficking.
                    (B) Included populations.--Such term includes an 
                individual or family who is--
                            (i) at risk of homelessness, as such term 
                        in defined in this subsection;
                            (ii) not consistently or safely housed, 
                        including individuals and families at imminent 
                        risk of eviction, who are couch-hopping, have 
                        had to move into the dwelling unit of another 
                        individual or family; or
                            (iii) homeless in a rural area.
            (7) Justice system-involved.--The term ``justice system-
        involved'' includes persons who are or have been incarcerated 
        or held in municipal, State, or Federal jails, prisons, 
        juvenile facilities, or other types of detention facilities, 
        who have been held in pre-trial or post-conviction detention, 
        who have an arrest or conviction regardless of whether they 
        were detained or incarcerated, who have been held in 
        immigration detention, or, with respect to youth, who are or 
        have been held in the custody of the Office of Refugee 
        Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services.
            (8) Penalize homelessness.--The term ``penalize 
        homelessness'' means to impose, by a governmental unit, 
        criminal or civil penalties on persons who are homeless or 
        housing unstable in a manner that is related to those persons' 
        engagement in necessary human activities, including sleeping, 
        resting, and eating.
            (9) Permanent supportive housing.--The term ``permanent 
        supportive housing'' means housing that provides--
                    (A) indefinite leasing or rental assistance; and
                    (B) non-mandatory, culturally competent supportive 
                services to assist persons to achieve housing stability 
                and maintain their health and well-being.
            (10) Population at higher risk of homelessness.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``population at higher 
                risk of homelessness'' means a group of persons that is 
                defined by a common characteristic and that has been 
                found to experience homelessness, housing instability, 
                or to be cost-burdened at a rate higher than that of 
                the general public.
                    (B) Higher rate.--Information that may be used in 
                demonstrating such a higher rate includes data 
                generated by the Federal Government, by State or 
                municipal governments, by peer-reviewed research, and 
                by organizations having expertise in working with or 
                advocating on behalf of homeless, housing unstable, or 
                cost-burdened groups.
                    (C) Included populations.--Such term shall include 
                populations for which such higher rate has already been 
                demonstrated, including Asian, Black, Latino, Native 
                American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and other 
                communities of color; persons with disabilities, 
                including mental health disabilities, elderly persons, 
                foster and former foster youth; LGBTQ persons, gender 
                non-binary and gender non-conforming persons, justice 
                system-involved persons, and veterans.

                            TITLE I--FUNDING

SEC. 101. TREATMENT OF REVENUE GENERATED.

    For each fiscal year, the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine 
the amount of revenues accruing to the general fund of the Treasury by 
reason of the enactment of title VI of this Act and shall credit an 
amount equal to such revenues to the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
Development as follows:
            (1) The Secretary shall credit 40 percent of such revenues 
        for assistance under the emergency solutions grant program 
        authorized under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-Vento 
        Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.).
            (2) The Secretary shall credit 40 percent of such revenues 
        for assistance under the continuum of care program authorized 
        under subtitle C of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.).
            (3) The Secretary shall credit 20 percent of such revenues 
        for assistance under the Community Development Block Grant Plus 
        Program, authorized under section 496 of the McKinney-Vento 
        Homeless Assistance Act (as added by section 502 of this Act).

SEC. 102. EMERGENCY SOLUTIONS GRANT PROGRAM.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Housing 
and Urban Development, for the first fiscal year commencing after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding 
fiscal years thereafter, to make grants under the emergency solutions 
grant program authorized under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-
Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.), an amount 
equal to the difference between $10,000,000,000 and the amount credited 
for such use for such fiscal year pursuant to section 101(1) of this 
Act.

SEC. 103. CONTINUUM OF CARE GRANT PROGRAM.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Housing 
and Urban Development, for the first fiscal year commencing after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding 
fiscal years thereafter, to make grants under the continuum of care 
program authorized under subtitle C of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.), an amount equal to the 
difference between $10,000,000,000 and the amount credited for such use 
for such fiscal year pursuant to section 101(2) of this Act.

SEC. 104. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY EMERGENCY FOOD AND 
              SHELTER GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated, for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of 
the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter, $1,000,000,000 for emergency food and shelter grants 
under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.).
    (b) National Board Membership.--Subsection (b) of section 301 of 
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11331(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the first sentence, by striking ``6 members'' and 
        inserting `` at least 8 members'';
            (2) in the third sentence by striking ``Each such member'' 
        and inserting ``Four members''; and
            (3) by inserting after and below paragraph (6) the 
        following flush matter:
``At least 4 members shall be appointed from among individuals 
nominated by national organizations identified by the Director, in 
consultation with the United States Interagency Council on 
Homelessness, that represent a population at higher risk of 
homelessness (as such term is defined in section 3 of the Housing is a 
Human Right Act of 2020).''.
    (c) Eligible Activities.--Subsection (a) of section 313 of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11343(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``hygiene,'' after 
        ``food,'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following 
        new paragraphs:
            ``(3) to conduct rehabilitation of existing shelter or 
        feeding facilities to ensure such facilities are safe, 
        sanitary, and in compliance with local building codes;
            ``(4) to provide flexible and appropriate access to 
        temporary shelter;
            ``(5) to build and maintain new forms of safe and sanitary 
        shelters, including tiny homes; and
            ``(6) to provide supports, including shelter, transitional 
        housing, and specialized medical respite shelter and associated 
        services to homeless or housing-unstable (as such term is 
        defined in section 3 of the Housing is a Human Right Act of 
        2020) elderly persons, persons with disabilities, and persons 
        who are or have been sick or injured, and to persons are who 
        are being discharged or who have recently been discharged from 
        hospitals, nursing facilities or similar facilities''.
    (d) Distribution of Amounts.--Paragraph (2) of section 316(a) of 
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11346(a)(2)) is 
amended by inserting before the semicolon the following: ``, which 
shall provide for consideration of regional variation in housing costs 
and costs of living, rates of homelessness and housing instability, and 
income inequality''.
    (e) Appropriate Non-Discrimination Policy.--
            (1) National and local boards.--Section 301 of the 
        McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11331) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Appropriate Non-Discrimination Policy.--The National Board 
shall--
            ``(1) at all times having in effect a policy that prohibits 
        discrimination against persons in all classes provided 
        protection against discrimination under Federal law and 
        explicitly prohibits discrimination based on the gender-related 
        identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related 
        characteristics of an individual, regardless of the 
        individual's designated sex at birth; and
            ``(2) require each local board designated pursuant to 
        section 302 to have in effect a policy described in paragraph 
        (1) of this subsection.''.
            (2) Service providers.--Subsection (a) of section 316 of 
        the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11346(a)) 
        is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(7) guidelines requiring each private nonprofit 
        organization and local government carrying out a local 
        emergency food and shelter program with amounts provided under 
        this subtitle to have in effect, with respect to such program, 
        a policy described in section 301(f)(1).''.
    (f) GAO Study of Allocation Formula.--The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study to identify and analyze the 
methods in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act for 
determining the amount and distribution of assistance under the 
Emergency Food and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) to determine whether 
such current methods adequately address the needs of homeless persons 
and the communities that serve them. Not later than the expiration of 
the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing 
the findings of such study and making recommendations as to how the 
Emergency Food and Shelter Program National Board should revise such 
methods to more adequately and accurately meet such needs.
    (g) GAO Study of Compliance With Participation Requirements.--The 
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study to 
identify and analyze the extent to which recipient service providers 
under the Emergency Food and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency under subtitle B of title III of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) comply 
with the provisions of the guidelines for such Program required under 
paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 316(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
11346(a); relating to involvement and participation of homeless 
individuals). Not later than the expiration of the 24-month period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing the findings of 
such study, including identifying any barriers to compliance and the 
level of compliance and recommending models for compliance (including 
specific models used by such recipient service providers) and suggested 
support methods to assist recipients to comply.

SEC. 105. REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Limitation on Matching Funds Requirements.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, in the case of any grant made using amounts 
made available by this Act to any recipient that is a governmental 
unit, non-Federal supplemental or matching funding shall not be 
required for such grant if such recipient demonstrates to the 
satisfaction of the Secretary that--
            (1) assistance using such grant amounts will be provided in 
        accordance with a Housing First strategy for addressing 
        homelessness in the area in which the assistance is used;
            (2) the recipient has created and implemented a formal plan 
        to cease to penalize homelessness;
            (3) the recipient has established a formal plan to identify 
        and address structural and implicit bias in implementation of 
        programs funded under this Act that specifically addresses 
        potential bias towards members of groups identified a 
        population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
        defined in section 3 of this Act;
            (4) the recipient has established a formal plan to 
        facilitate issuance and replacement of personal identification 
        documents issued by the recipient for persons who are homeless 
        or housing-unstable;
            (5) in the case of any recipient that administers 
        elections, the recipient has established a plan to ensure that 
        persons who are homeless or housing-unstable are not prevented 
        from voting due to irregular or non-existent addresses or other 
        similar barriers; and
            (6) the recipient has procedures in effect for interacting 
        with the property of homeless persons that--
                    (A) require a minimum of three days prior notice 
                shall be given before property is moved or disposed of;
                    (B) provide a plan that safeguards any item that is 
                not clearly trash for a minimum of 30 days; and
                    (C) allow persons experiencing homelessness to 
                easily retrieve their possessions.
    (b) Requirement for Ongoing Efforts.--Assistance made available 
under this Act may not be provided to any governmental unit unless such 
unit demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that such 
entity has in effect, or is actively working toward implementing, 
policies, regulations, or other requirements sufficient to ensure the 
following within the jurisdiction of such entity:
            (1) Any law that imposes a criminal punishment on a person 
        or groups of persons who are homeless, or who has no other 
        place to go, for sleeping outside or on public property is not 
        being enforced.
            (2) Effective procedures are in effect for interacting with 
        the property of homeless persons that comply with due process 
        protections of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the 
        United States.
    (c) Non-Governmental Entities.--Assistance made available under 
this Act may not be provided to any entity that is not a governmental 
unit unless such entity demonstrates to the satisfaction of the 
Secretary that--
            (1) such entity has in effect, or is actively working 
        toward implementing, a procedure that provides for regular 
        community participation, comment, feedback, and guidance on the 
        activities and performance in serving homeless, housing-
        unstable, and cost-burdened individuals and households; and
            (2) in the case of any entity that in any fiscal year 
        receives more than $1,000,000 from amounts made available under 
        this Act, all personnel carrying out activities assisted with 
        amounts made available under this Act whose responsibilities 
        involve regular contact with homeless, housing-unstable, or 
        cost-burdened individuals or households, or who have management 
        positions overseeing personnel in regular contact with 
        homeless, housing-unstable, or cost-burdened individuals or 
        households, are adequately trained regarding harm reduction, 
        de-escalation techniques, trauma-informed care, implicit bias, 
        cultural competency, and disability rights.
    (d) All Entities.--Assistance made available under this Act may not 
be provided to any entity, whether a governmental unit or a non-
governmental entity, unless such entity demonstrates to the 
satisfaction of the Secretary that such entity has in effect a written 
non-discrimination policy that--
            (1) prohibits discrimination against persons in all classes 
        provided protection against discrimination under Federal law; 
        and
            (2) explicitly prohibits discrimination based on the 
        gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other 
        gender-related characteristics of an individual, regardless of 
        the individual's designated sex at birth.

SEC. 106. GAO STUDY OF REQUIREMENTS REGARDING PARTICIPATION AND 
              INVOLVEMENT OF HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study to identify and analyze the extent to which--
            (1) recipient service providers under the Emergency Food 
        and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento 
        Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) comply with 
        the provisions of the guidelines for such Program required 
        under paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 316(a) of such Act (42 
        U.S.C. 11346(a); relating to involvement and participation of 
        homeless individuals); and
            (2) recipients under the Emergency Solutions Grant Program 
        under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.) comply with the 
        requirements under section 416(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
        11375(d); relating to participation of homeless individuals).
    (b) Report.--Not later than the expiration of the 36-month period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing the findings of 
such study, including identifying the level of such compliance and any 
barriers to compliance with such requirements, and recommending models 
for compliance (including any effective specific models used by such 
recipients) and suggested support methods to assist recipients to 
comply.

                 TITLE II--ACCESS TO PERSONAL DOCUMENTS

SEC. 201. ACCESS TO CERTAIN ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS.

    (a) Report.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall publish a report that identifies--
                    (A) each essential document issued to persons who 
                are homeless or housing-unstable by--
                            (i) the Secretary of Health and Human 
                        Services;
                            (ii) the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
                        Development;
                            (iii) the Administrator of Veterans 
                        Affairs;
                            (iv) the Attorney General of the United 
                        States;
                            (v) the Commissioner of the Social Security 
                        Administration;
                            (vi) the Commissioner of Internal Revenue;
                            (vii) the Director of National Park 
                        Service;
                            (viii) the Director of United States 
                        Citizenship and Immigration Services;
                            (ix) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; and
                            (x) any other agency identified by the 
                        Comptroller General;
                    (B) any barrier, including any financial barrier, 
                persons who are homeless or housing-unstable face in--
                            (i) requesting any essential document 
                        identified under paragraph (1); or
                            (ii) replacing any such essential document 
                        if lost, misplaced, stolen, expired, destroyed, 
                        or otherwise inaccessible;
                    (C) any barrier created by the requirements of 
                title II of the REAL ID Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-18; 
                49 U.S.C. 30301 note), or implementation thereof, 
                persons who are homeless or housing-unstable face in--
                            (i) requesting a driver's license or 
                        identification card issued by a State; or
                            (ii) replacing such driver's license or 
                        identification card if lost, misplaced, stolen, 
                        expired, destroyed, or otherwise inaccessible; 
                        and
                    (D) recommendations for--
                            (i) each agency listed under paragraph (1) 
                        on how to reduce or eliminate any barrier 
                        identified under paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) the Federal Government, State 
                        governments, and local governments on how to 
                        reduce or eliminate any barrier identified 
                        under paragraph (3).
            (2) Timing of report.--The Comptroller General shall submit 
        the report required by subsection (a) to the relevant 
        committees of Congress and the United States Interagency 
        Council on Homelessness at a time agreed upon by the 
        Comptroller General and such Committees.
    (b) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall brief the 
relevant committees of Congress and the United States Interagency 
Council on Homelessness on any preliminary observations of the 
Comptroller General with respect to the contents of the report required 
by subsection (a).
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Essential document.--The term ``essential document'' 
        means a document that is essential to the health, safety, or 
        stability of a person who is homeless or housing-unstable, 
        including a document that is essential to--
                    (A) verifying the identity or immigration status of 
                such person; or
                    (B) assisting such person--
                            (i) in providing for basic needs such as 
                        shelter, housing, nutrition, and healthcare; or
                            (ii) show eligibility for employment, 
                        healthcare, or public benefit.
            (2) Relevant committees of congress.--The term ``relevant 
        committees of Congress'' means the committees of Congress with 
        jurisdiction over the agencies listed under subsection (a)(1).

      TITLE III--UNITED STATES INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON HOMELESSNESS

SEC. 301. PERMANENT AUTHORIZATION.

    Title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
11311 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 208 (42 U.S.C. 11318), by striking the 
        sentence and inserting the following: ``There is authorized to 
        be appropriated for each fiscal year $10,000,000 to carry out 
        this title.'';
            (2) by striking section 209 (42 U.S.C. 11319); and
            (3) by redesignating sections 207 and 208 (42 U.S.C. 11317, 
        11318) as sections 208 and 209, respectively.

SEC. 302. FUNCTIONS.

    Section 203 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 11313) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (12), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (13), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
            ``(14) rely on evidence-based practices;
            ``(15) identify and promote successful practices, including 
        the Housing First strategy and the permanent supportive housing 
        model; and
            ``(16) prioritize addressing disparities faced by members 
        of a population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
        defined in section 3 of the Housing is a Human Right Act of 
        2020, including by issuing reports and making recommendations 
        to agencies.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(3) make formal reports and recommendations to Federal 
        agencies, which shall include comments on how proposed 
        regulatory changes would impact persons experiencing 
        homelessness, housing instability, or who are cost-burdened.''.

SEC. 303. ADVISORY BOARD.

    (a) In General.--Title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 
Act is amended by inserting after section 206 (42 U.S.C. 11316) the 
following new section:

``SEC. 207. ADVISORY BOARD.

    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established an advisory board for 
the Council.
    ``(b) Membership.--
            ``(1) Selection.--The advisory board shall be composed of 
        not less than 20 individuals, selected by the Executive 
        Director of the Council from nominees proposed pursuant to 
        paragraph (2), as follows:
                    ``(A) Not less than 10 members shall be individuals 
                who are homeless or experiencing housing instability, 
                or were so during the 5 calendar years preceding 
                appointment to the advisory board or who have been so 
                in the last 5 calendar years.
                    ``(B) Not less than 8 members shall be individuals 
                who are members of, or advocate on behalf of, or both, 
                a population at higher risk of homelessness, as such 
                term is defined in section 3 of the Housing is a Human 
                Right Act of 2020, including such transgender and 
                gender non-conforming persons, Asian, Black, Latino, 
                Native American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and 
                other communities of color, youth in or formerly in the 
                foster care system, and justice-system involved youth 
                and adults.
            ``(2) Nomination.--Nominees for members of the advisory 
        board shall be proposed by any grantee or subgrantee under this 
        Act.
            ``(3) Report.--Upon selection of members of the advisory 
        board, the Executive Director of the Council shall submit a 
        report to the Congress identifying the members selected and 
        demonstration compliance with the provisions of this 
        subsection.
            ``(4) Terms.--Members of the advisory board shall serve 
        terms of 2 years.
    ``(c) Functions.--The advisory board shall review the work of the 
Council, make recommendations regarding how the Council can most 
effectively pursue the goal of ending homelessness, and raise specific 
points of concern with members of the Council who represent Federal 
agencies.
    ``(d) Meetings.--The advisory board shall meet in person not less 
often than twice each year.
    ``(e) Council Meetings.--The Council shall meet regularly not less 
often than once a year with the advisory board and shall provide timely 
written responses to recommendations, proposals, and concerns issued by 
the advisory board.
    ``(f) Chairman.--The position of Chairman of the advisory board 
shall be filled by an individual who is a current or former member of 
the advisory board, is nominated by at least two members of the 
advisory board, and is confirmed by a vote of not less than 75 percent 
of the members of the advisory board.
    ``(g) Compensation.--Each member of the advisory board shall 
receive compensation for their participation including a participation 
stipend in an amount determined by the Council and travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 
5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
    ``(h) Rule of Construction.--The agencies implementing this Act 
shall construe this Act in a manner that facilitates and encourage the 
full participation of advisory board members and shall consider the 
barriers faced by persons experiencing homelessness and shall endeavor 
to overcome such barriers to participation.''.
    (b) Representation of Chairman on Council.--Section 202(a) of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11312(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (22) as paragraph (21); and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(22) The chairman of the advisory board established by 
        section 207.''.

SEC. 304. DIRECTOR.

     Subsection (a) of section 204 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11314(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(a) Director.--The Council shall appoint 
        an Executive Director, who shall be'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(a) Director.--
            ``(1) In general.--The chief executive officer of the 
        Council shall be the Executive Director, who shall be appointed 
        in accordance with paragraph (2) and''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(1) Process for appointment.--A vacancy in the position 
        of Executive Director shall be filled by an individual 
        nominated and appointed to such position by the Council, except 
        that the Council may not appoint any nominee who is not 
        confirmed by approval of 75 percent of the aggregate of all 
        members of the Council and the advisory board under section 207 
        pursuant to an election in which each such member's vote is 
        given identical weight. If the Council is unable to agree on an 
        Executive Director, the chairperson of the advisory council 
        shall act as interim Executive Director.''.

SEC. 305. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.

    The table of contents in section 101(b) of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11301 note) is amended by striking 
the items relating to sections 209 and 210 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 209. Encouragement of State involvement.''.

                       TITLE IV--ACCESS TO VOTING

SEC. 401. STUDY OF FACTORS ADVERSELY AFFECTING ABILITY OF HOMELESS AND 
              HOUSING-UNSTABLE INDIVIDUALS TO VOTE.

    (a) Study.--The Election Assistance Commission shall conduct a 
study identifying and analyzing on a State-by-State basis the factors 
which adversely affect the ability of individuals who are homeless or 
who are housing-unstable to vote in elections for public office, 
including the implementation of the REAL ID Act, State laws requiring 
voters to provide ID as a condition of voting, and the penalization of 
homelessness.
    (b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to Congress and make 
available to the public a report on the study conducted under 
subsection (a), and shall include in the report recommendations to 
address the factors identified in the study.
    (c) State Defined.--In this section, the term ``State'' means each 
of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, 
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

SEC. 402. GRANTS TO FACILITATE VOTING BY HOMELESS AND HOUSING-UNSTABLE 
              INDIVIDUALS.

    (a) Grants.--The Election Assistance Commission shall carry out a 
program under which the Commission shall make grants to eligible 
nonprofit corporations and eligible units of local government for 
carrying out programs and activities which will facilitate voting in 
elections for public office by individuals who are homeless or who are 
housing-unstable.
    (b) Eligibility.--A nonprofit corporation or a unit of local 
government is eligible to receive a grant under the program established 
under this section if the corporation or unit submits to the Election 
Assistance Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission 
may require, an application containing--
            (1) in the case of a nonprofit corporation, a certification 
        that the corporation has in effect a non-discrimination policy 
        that prohibits discrimination against persons in all classes 
        provided protection against discrimination under Federal law 
        and that further protects against discrimination on the basis 
        of the gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or 
        other gender-related characteristics of an individual, 
        regardless of the individual's designated sex at birth; and
            (2) such information and assurances as the Commission may 
        require.
    (c) Priorities in Selection of Nonprofit Corporations.--In 
selecting among eligible nonprofit corporations for receiving grants 
under the program established under this section, the Commission shall 
give priority to corporations which meet any of the following:
            (1) A proven history of working with homeless, housing-
        unstable, and cost-burdened households.
            (2) A proven history of successfully encouraging civic 
        participation.
            (3) A proven history of participation by homeless, housing-
        unstable, and cost-burdened households in the leadership and 
        decision-making power of the corporation.
            (4) A proven history of successful engagement with a 
        population at higher risk of homelessness, as defined in 
        section 3 of this Act, including--
                    (A) LGBTQ persons;
                    (B) foster youth and former foster youth;
                    (C) Asian, Black, Latino, Native American, Native 
                Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and other communities of 
                color;
                    (D) low-income older adults;
                    (E) persons with disabilities, including mental 
                health disabilities;
                    (F) justice-system-involved persons; and
                    (G) immigrant communities.
    (d) Nonprofit Corporation Defined.--In this section, the term 
``nonprofit corporation'' means a corporation described in section 
501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation 
under section 501(a) of such Code.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the first fiscal 
year commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act and for 
each of the next nine succeeding fiscal years thereafter.

         TITLE V--HUMANE INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESS PUBLIC NEEDS

SEC. 501. LIBRARY PILOT GRANTS.

    (a) Authorization.--From amounts made available under subsection 
(g) for a fiscal year, the Institute of Museum and Library Services (in 
this section referred to as the ``Institute'') shall award grants, on a 
competitive basis, to enable municipal, county, and State library 
administrative agencies to award subgrants to public libraries, school 
libraries, and public law school libraries for carrying out pilot 
programs to address the needs of homeless and housing-unstable persons.
    (b) Pilot Programs.--Each pilot program assisted with amounts from 
a subgrant under this section shall allow a library system or systems 
to create or expand projects or services that primarily address the 
needs of homeless and housing-unstable persons. Preference shall be 
given to funding proposals that integrate with existing Federal or 
State programs that serve homeless persons, housing-unstable 
individuals, and cost-burdened households.
    (c) Authorized Agency.--The Institute shall disburse funding made 
available to carry out this section. The Institute may consult with the 
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Interagency Council on 
Homelessness, or any other appropriate agency to ensure that funds are 
disbursed and utilized appropriately.
    (d) Applications.--To be eligible for a grant under this section, a 
municipal, county, or State library administrative agency shall submit 
an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Institute may require. Each application shall 
include--
            (1) a description of how the municipal, county, or State 
        library administrative agency will award subgrants described in 
        subsection (e), including any priorities or considerations that 
        will be applied in making such awards, with an emphasis toward 
        supporting programs addressing the needs of homeless persons;
            (2) a description of how the municipal, county, or State 
        library administrative agency will disseminate, in a timely 
        manner, information regarding the subgrants described in 
        subsection (e) and the application process for such subgrants;
            (3) a description of the criteria that the municipal, 
        county, or State library administrative agency will require for 
        the programs; and
            (4) an assurance from the municipal, county, or State 
        library administrative agency that each eligible library that 
        receives a subgrant will provide programs that primarily serve 
        persons who are homeless or housing-unstable.
    (e) Subgrants.--
            (1) In general.--Each municipal, county, or State library 
        administrative agency receiving a grant under this section may 
        use such grant amounts to provide subgrants, on a competitive 
        basis, to a public library, school library, or public law 
        school libraries to enable such libraries to provide programs 
        that address the need of homeless persons.
            (2) Applications.--To be eligible for a subgrant under this 
        subsection, a public library, school library, or public law 
        school library shall submit an application at such time, in 
        such manner, and containing such information as the municipal, 
        county, or State library administrative agency may require. 
        Each application shall include--
                    (A) a description of the homelessness-related 
                programs that the eligible local library administrative 
                agency will provide at each library to be assisted; and
                    (B) a description of how community or governmental 
                partners will be involved in the homelessness-related 
                programs of the library.
            (3) Criteria for awards.--A municipal, county, or State 
        library administrative agency receiving a grant under this 
        section shall award subgrants based on--
                    (A) the proposed number of libraries and the 
                estimated number of homeless persons that will be 
                served under the homelessness-related programs; and
                    (B) any other criteria established by the 
                municipal, county, or State library administrative 
                agency in the application submitted under subsection 
                (d).
    (f) Reports.--Each State library administrative agency receiving a 
grant under this section for a fiscal year shall submit a report for 
such fiscal year to the Institute regarding the progress made in 
achieving the purposes of the grant.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for the first fiscal 
year commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act and for 
each of the next nine succeeding fiscal years thereafter.

SEC. 502. CDBG PLUS PROGRAM.

    Title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
11360 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subtitle:

      ``Subtitle E--Community Development Block Grant Plus Program

``SEC. 496. CDBG PLUS PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Authority.--The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 
shall carry out a Community Development Block Grant Plus Program under 
this section (in this section referred to as the `CDBG Plus Program') 
to provide assistance to units of general local government and States 
for activities to benefit homeless, housing unstable, or cost-burdened 
households.
    ``(b) Structure.--The CDBG Plus Program shall be carried out in the 
same manner and subject to the same requirements and limitations 
applicable to the community development block grant program under title 
I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 
et seq.), except to the extent otherwise provided--
            ``(1) by this section; or
            ``(2) the Secretary, to account for differences between--
                    ``(A) the primary objectives of such block grant 
                program and the CDBG Plus Program (as provided in 
                subsection (c) of this section); and
                    ``(B) the primary benefit requirement of such block 
                grant program under section 101(c) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 5301(c)) and the primary benefit requirement of 
                the CDBG Plus Program (as provided in subsection (d) of 
                this section).
    ``(c) Primary Objective.--The primary objective of this section and 
of the CDBG Plus Program of each grantee under the program shall be to 
reduce and end homelessness and housing instability and to reduce and 
prevent cost-burdens, with priority given to providing shelter and 
temporary and permanent housing for low-income and extremely low-income 
households and for members of a population at higher risk of 
homelessness, as such term is defined in section 3 of the Housing is a 
Human Right Act of 2020.
    ``(d) Primary Benefit Requirement.--Consistent with the primary 
objective under subsection (c), all of the Federal assistance provided 
to States and units of general local government under the CDBG Plus 
Program shall be used for the support of activities that benefit 
homeless, housing unstable, or cost-burdened households.
    ``(e) Program Differences.--Notwithstanding any provision of title 
I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 
et seq.), the CDBG Plus Program shall be subject to the following 
requirements:
            ``(1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 105 of 
        such title (42 U.S.C. 5305), activities assisted under the CDBG 
        Plus Program may include only the following activities:
                    ``(A) Projects directed to the removal of material 
                and architectural barriers which restrict the mobility 
                and accessibility of elderly persons and persons with 
                disabilities, and projects that assist elderly persons 
                to age in place.
                    ``(B) The acquisition of real property (including 
                air rights, water rights, and other interests therein) 
                which is appropriate for rehabilitation, conservation, 
                or construction of permanent affordable housing or 
                temporary shelter or transitional housing.
                    ``(C) The provision of public services that 
                increase shelter and stability for persons experiencing 
                homelessness or housing instability, including services 
                associated with permanent supportive housing, housing 
                search and placement support, and legal services.
                    ``(D) Activities necessary to develop, implement, 
                or evaluate a comprehensive plan to end homelessness 
                and housing instability.
                    ``(E) The rehabilitation, development, or 
                construction of dignified and humane housing that is 
                permanently affordable to persons earning 30 percent or 
                less of the median income for the area in which the 
                housing is located, including the construction and 
                maintenance of public housing units and the creation of 
                new forms of housing, such as tiny homes.
                    ``(F) The rehabilitation, development, or 
                construction of dignified and humane transitional 
                housing and temporary shelters, including temporary or 
                permanent housing for persons with more medically 
                complex needs.
                    ``(G) All necessary activities to create, maintain, 
                and offer to the public the types of infrastructure 
                necessary to address basic human needs, including 
                public bathrooms, water fountains, and places to sit 
                and rest.
        Notwithstanding any provision of title I of the Housing and 
        Community Development Act of 1974, the construction of new 
        affordable housing in accordance with this paragraph is 
        specifically permitted as an eligible activity of the CDBG Plus 
        Program.
            ``(2) Formula distribution.--
                    ``(A) Use of existing regulations.--Until the 
                regulations required under subparagraph (B) take 
                effect, amounts made available for assistance under 
                this title shall be allocated pursuant to the formula 
                established under section 106 of the Housing and 
                Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306).
                    ``(B) New formula.--Not later than the expiration 
                of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the 
                enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue 
                regulations that establish a formula for allocation of 
                amounts made available for assistance under this title 
                that utilizes factors that more directly correlate to 
                need of grantees for such amounts to address 
                homelessness, housing instability, and cost-burdened 
                households.
            ``(3) Citizen participation plan.--In addition to citizen 
        participation requirements under section 104(a) of such title 
        (42 U.S.C. 5304(a)), the citizenship participation process of 
        each grantee under the CDBG Plus Program shall solicit the 
        active participation of homeless, housing unstable, and cost-
        burdened households in directing the use of assistance provided 
        under the Program.
            ``(4) Non-displacement.--Notwithstanding section 104(d) of 
        such title (42 U.S.C. 5304(d)), each grantee under the CDBG 
        Plus Program shall--
                    ``(A) certify that the activities funded with 
                assistance provided under the program will not displace 
                low- and moderate-income people; and
                    ``(B) take such actions as the Secretary considers 
                necessary to inform residents of grantee community of a 
                phone number for the Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development which may be used to inform the Department 
                of any such activities that may be causing the 
                displacement of low- and moderate-income residents.
            ``(5) Expedited assistance.--The Secretary shall provide 
        for expedited funding under the CDBG Plus program for any 
        grantee that demonstrates that Federal property is available in 
        the jurisdiction of the grantee that could be used to address 
        homelessness and associated needs or housing instability but 
        for the infrastructure needs that could be addressed through 
        funds provided under the CDBG Plus Program.
            ``(6) Housing-first.--In allocating amounts for grants 
        under the CDBG Plus Program, the Secretary shall prioritize 
        affordable housing creation, permanent supportive housing, and 
        supportive services utilizing a Housing First model, and other 
        infrastructure to address basic human needs.
    ``(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to affect or alter the community development block grant 
program under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.).
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated for assistance under the CDBG Plus Program under this 
section, for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and for each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter, an amount equal to the difference between 
$6,000,000,000 and the amount credited for such use for such fiscal 
year pursuant to section 101(3) of this Act.''.

   TITLE VI--REVENUE RELATED TO HOUSING SPECULATION AND DISPLACEMENT

SEC. 601. AMENDMENTS TO THE TAX CODE.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended by adding at the end the following new chapter:

               ``CHAPTER 50A--REAL PROPERTY-RELATED TAXES

``Sec. 5000D-1. Luxury real property transfers.
``Sec. 5000D-2. Real property secrecy transfer tax.
``Sec. 5000D-3. Mass landlord rental tax.

``SEC. 5000D-1. LUXURY REAL PROPERTY TRANSFERS.

    ``(a) In General.--There is hereby imposed on the sale or exchange 
of real property a tax equal to 5 percent of the amount realized from 
such sale or exchange.
    ``(b) Limitation.--The tax imposed by this section shall not apply 
to a sale or exchange of property unless the amount realized from such 
sale or exchange (or from a series of related sales or exchanges of 
which such property is a part) is at least $10,000,000.
    ``(c) Liability for Tax.--
            ``(1) In general.--The tax imposed by this section shall be 
        paid \1/2\ by the transferor and \1/2\ by the transferee.
            ``(2) Exceptions.--
                    ``(A) Property transferred to tax-exempt.--In the 
                case of property transferred to a tax exempt entity, or 
                a State or local government (or political subdivision 
                thereof), the tax imposed by this section shall be 
                zero.
                    ``(B) Property transferred by tax-exempt.--In the 
                case of property transferred by a tax-exempt entity, or 
                a State or local government (or political subdivision 
                thereof), the tax imposed by this section shall be paid 
                by the transferee.
                    ``(C) Tax exempt entity.--For purposes of this 
                section, the term `tax-exempt entity' means any 
                organization which is exempt from the tax imposed by 
                this chapter unless such property is used predominantly 
                in an unrelated trade or business the income of which 
                is subject to tax under section 511.
    ``(d) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such rules as may 
be necessary or appropriate to prevent avoidance of the purposes of 
this section.

``SEC. 5000D-2. REAL PROPERTY SECRECY TRANSFER TAX.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case of a sale or exchange of real 
property to or from an applicable anonymous entity, there is hereby 
imposed on such transfer a tax equal to $10 for each $100 realized on 
such sale or exchange.
    ``(b) Applicable Anonymous Taxpayer.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `applicable anonymous entity' means any entity or trust the 
        beneficial owners of which are not available by freely 
        accessible public records.
            ``(2) Beneficial owner.--The term `beneficial owner' means, 
        with respect to any entity, an individual who, directly or 
        indirectly--
                    ``(A) exercises substantial control over the 
                entity,
                    ``(B) owns 25 percent or more of the equity 
                interest in such entity, or
                    ``(C) receive substantial economic benefits from 
                such entity (other than in connection with employment).
            ``(3) Special rule for entities registered in global legal 
        identifier program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to 
                any entity that participates in the legal entity 
                identifier program.
                    ``(B) Controlled groups.--In the case of any 
                persons treated as a single employer under subsection 
                (a) or (b) of section 52, or subsection (m) or (o) of 
                section 414, subparagraph (A) shall only apply if each 
                such person so treated participates in the legal entity 
                identifier program.
    ``(c) Liability for Tax.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each applicable anonymous entity who 
        transfers or receives property in a sale or exchange to which 
        this section applies shall be jointly and severally liable for 
        payment of the tax imposed by this section.
            ``(2) Members of controlled group.--If such an applicable 
        anonymous entity is a member of a controlled group, each member 
        of such controlled group shall be jointly and severally liable 
        for such payment.

``SEC. 5000D-3. MASS LANDLORD RENTAL TAX.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case of a covered landlord, there is 
hereby imposed on the rental of a dwelling unit a tax equal to 1 
percent of the amount of the rent paid for such dwelling unit.
    ``(b) Covered Landlord.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`covered landlord' means any person that owns--
            ``(1) more than 1,000 dwelling units held for rent within a 
        single metropolitan statistical area,
            ``(2) more than 2,000 dwelling units held for rent, or
            ``(3) at least 500 dwelling units held for rent in at least 
        3 different States.
    ``(c) Exceptions.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any 
        dwelling unit subject to a rent control, just cause, or source 
        of income discrimination law.
            ``(2) Rent control law.--For purposes of this subsection--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `rent control law' 
                means any State or local law which restricts the amount 
                by which a lessor may increase rental payments for a 
                dwelling unit and allows an affirmative defense to 
                eviction or private right of enforcement.
                    ``(B) Minimum amount level of rent control.--A law 
                shall not be treated as a rent control law with respect 
                to any dwelling unit for purposes of this paragraph 
                unless the lessor of such dwelling unit may not, when 
                the lease with respect to such unit expires, increase 
                monthly rent by an amount greater than the percentage 
                increase, if any, over the preceding 12 months in the 
                Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers or 3 
                percent of the average monthly amount paid for the same 
                unit for each month that the unit was occupied during 
                the previous 12-month period, whichever is greater.
            ``(3) Just cause law.--The term `just cause law' means any 
        State or local law which at least restricts a lessor from 
        evicting lessee by limiting evictions to instances in which--
                    ``(A) the tenant has--
                            ``(i) failed to pay rent for 2 or more 
                        consecutive months despite clear and timely 
                        notice,
                            ``(ii) caused substantial destruction to 
                        the rental property,
                            ``(iii) caused significant danger to other 
                        tenants, or
                            ``(iv) significantly and repeatedly 
                        violated an explicit lease term and failed to 
                        cure the violation after being given notice 
                        requesting that the lease term violation be 
                        cured, or
                    ``(B) the landlord seeks to occupy the unit for use 
                as a primary residence, or seeks the availability of 
                the unit for occupancy by an immediate relative as a 
                primary residence.
            ``(4) Source of income discrimination law.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `source of income 
                discrimination law' means a State or local law which 
                places restrictions on a lessor from rejecting lessee 
                applicants, or to evicting an existing lessee, due to 
                the lessee's source of income.
                    ``(B) Source of income.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A), source of income includes the 
                following:
                            ``(i) A housing voucher under section 8 of 
                        the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 
                        U.S.C. 1437f) and any form of Federal, State, 
                        or local housing assistance provided to a 
                        family or provided to a housing owner on behalf 
                        of a family, including rental vouchers, rental 
                        assistance, and rental subsidies from 
                        nongovernmental organizations.
                            ``(ii) Any income received during a taxable 
                        year as Social Security benefits, as defined in 
                        section 86(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
                        1986, or as supplemental security income 
                        benefits under title XVI of the Social Security 
                        Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.).
                            ``(iii) Any income received by court order, 
                        including spousal support and child support.
                            ``(iv) Any payment from a trust, guardian, 
                        or conservator.
                            ``(v) Any other lawful source of income.
    ``(d) Aggregation Rules.--All persons treated as a single employer 
under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52, or subsection (m) or (o) of 
section 414, shall be treated as one person for purposes of applying 
subsection (b).''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to sales and exchanges after December 31, 2020.

SEC. 602. PHASE DOWN OF MORTGAGE INTEREST DEDUCTION.

    (a) In General.--Section 163(h)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(G) Phasedown of deduction.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of amounts 
                        paid or accrued during a taxable year beginning 
                        after December 31, 2020, the amount of 
                        qualified residence interest allowed as a 
                        deduction under this section for such taxable 
                        year shall not exceed an amount equal to the 
                        applicable percentage of the qualified 
                        residence interest which would have been 
                        allowed as a deduction to the taxpayer under 
                        this section without regard to this 
                        subparagraph.
                            ``(ii) Applicable percentage.--For purposes 
                        of clause (i), the applicable percentage shall 
                        be determined under the following table:

``In the case of taxable years                           The applicable
  beginning with or during:                        percentage shall be:
        2021...................................................    90% 
        2022...................................................    80% 
        2023...................................................    70% 
        2024...................................................    60% 
        2025...................................................    50% 
        2026...................................................    40% 
        2027...................................................    30% 
        2028...................................................    20% 
        2029...................................................    10% 
        2030 and thereafter....................................   0%''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to amounts paid or accrued during taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2020.

     TITLE VII--SUPPORTED ALTERNATIVES TO PENALIZATION OF PERSONS 
                       EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS

SEC. 701. GRANT AUTHORIZATION.

    The Attorney General is authorized to make grants to States, units 
of local government, public and community defender systems, and 
nonprofit organizations to create or expand alternatives to penalizing 
homelessness (as such term is defined in section 3 of this Act).

SEC. 702. APPLICATION.

    (a) In General.--An entity seeking a grant under this title shall 
submit to the Attorney General an application at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Attorney General may 
reasonably require, including an assurance described in subsection (b).
    (b) Assurance Described.--An assurance described in this subsection 
is an assurance that the entity has in place a policy protecting 
employees and persons and communities served by the entity from 
discrimination under applicable civil rights laws, and that such policy 
includes protection from discrimination on the basis of gender-related 
identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related 
characteristics of an individual, regardless of the individual's 
designated sex at birth.
    (c) Nonprofit Expertise.--In addition to the assurance described in 
subsection (b), a nonprofit organization seeking a grant under this 
title shall demonstrate in its application that it has a proven history 
of--
            (1) successful engagement with populations experiencing 
        homelessness and housing instability, including members of a 
        population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
        defined in section 3 of this Act; or
            (2) assisting communities to engage in alternatives to 
        penalizing homelessness.

SEC. 703. USE OF FUNDS.

    An entity that receives a grant under this title may use funds 
received under this title for any of the following:
            (1) Creating or expanding a law enforcement assisted 
        diversion program, which program includes--
                    (A) a focus on reducing racial disparity in law 
                enforcement and prosecution;
                    (B) reliance on harm-reduction principles;
                    (C) collaboration with community-based, trauma-
                informed organizations; and
                    (D) development of pre-arrest diversion programs 
                that are designed in consultation with law enforcement, 
                persons experiencing homelessness and housing 
                instability, populations at higher risk of 
                homelessness, and community based health and service 
                providers.
            (2) Providing technical support to jurisdictions that are 
        working to reduce the extent to which the laws or policies in 
        that jurisdiction penalize homelessness, including--
                    (A) assisting the jurisdiction in creating 
                procedures to safeguard the personal property of 
                persons experiencing homelessness or housing 
                instability; and
                    (B) developing protocols for pre-booking diversion 
                for low-level offenses in cases where the incident is 
                related to a mental health condition or addiction.
            (3) Creating, supporting, expanding, or studying mobile 
        crisis intervention teams that are trained to provide immediate 
        stabilization services to persons with an urgent medical or 
        psychological need, as an alternative to a law enforcement 
        response, which teams may include healthcare professionals, 
        mental health professionals, addiction counselors, housing 
        referral specialists, and other related resource providers.

SEC. 704. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title 
$100,000,000 for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and for each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter.
                                 <all>