Title: Voter Privacy Act of 2019
Policy area: Government Operations and Politics

Summary:
Voter Privacy Act of 2019
This bill establishes protections regarding the use of personal information for political purposes. Specifically, it provides an individual the right to obtain from an entity such as a candidate, political committee, or political party the personal information the entity possesses on that individual. An individual may also demand the deletion of this information, prohibit the transfer of this information to another party, and prohibit targeted communications from these entities.
An entity must notify an individual when they receive that individual's personal information from a third party.

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2398 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2398

 To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to ensure privacy 
                   with respect to voter information.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 31, 2019

Mrs. Feinstein introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
         referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to ensure privacy 
                   with respect to voter information.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Voter Privacy Act of 2019''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) According to the Pew Research Center, 90 percent of 
        Americans reported using the internet in 2019, which was an 
        increase from 52 percent in 2000.
            (2) Internet service providers, browsers, websites, search 
        engines, email providers, device manufacturers, and certain 
        social media companies collect unique data on nearly every 
        American's online and increasingly offline activities, every 
        day.
            (3) One United States based search engine advertises its 
        ability to track hundreds of categories of data about specific 
        individuals including age, gender, occupation, income level, 
        sexual orientation, national origin, religion, medical 
        conditions such as AIDs, erectile dysfunction, bipolar 
        disorder, eating disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases, 
        family information such as number of children, children with 
        special needs, infertility, and substance misuse, and support 
        for social issues such as reproductive rights, unions and labor 
        issues, and support for gun rights.
            (4) Targeting services, such as certain large search 
        engines and social media platforms, maintain sophisticated data 
        profiles on nearly every American. These targeting services are 
        used by third parties to target and deliver communications to 
        specific individuals based on their sensitive personal 
        information, even if a third party does not control any 
        individual's personal information.
            (5) In testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary of 
        the Senate titled, ``Understanding Digital Advertising 
        Ecosystem and the Impact on Data Privacy'', the Committee 
        received the following testimony regarding behavioral 
        advertising: ``almost every single time you visit a website: 
        data about you is broadcast to tens or hundreds of companies, 
        which lets advertisers compete for the opportunity to show you 
        an ad. Advertising is necessary, and this sounds OK. But wait 
        until you hear what information about you is in that big 
        broadcast: it can include your - inferred sexual orientation, 
        political views, whether you are Christian, Jewish, or Muslim, 
        etc., whether you have AIDs, erectile dysfunction, or bi-polar 
        disorder. It includes what you are reading, watching, and 
        listening to. It includes your location, sometimes right up to 
        your exact GPS coordinates. And it includes unique ID codes 
        that are as specific to you as is your social security number, 
        so that all of this data can be tied to you over time. This 
        allows companies you have never heard of to maintain intimate 
        profiles on you, and on everyone you have ever known.''.
            (6) Online surveillance techniques are becoming more 
        sophisticated. According to the Center for Information 
        Technology Policy at Princeton University, new website tracking 
        software can provide real-time surveillance of an individual's 
        online activity: ``Unlike typical analytics services, that 
        provide aggregate statistics, these scripts are intended for 
        recording and playback of individual browsing sessions, as if 
        someone is looking over your shoulder.''.
            (7) The volume of data now publicly available and 
        attributable to a specific individual permits researchers to 
        infer private information about that individual that the 
        individual never disclosed publicly.
            (8) According to a study from researchers at Cambridge 
        University and Microsoft Research, an individual's social media 
        posts, pictures, and profile information can be combined to 
        reliably infer that individual's latent personality traits, 
        including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, 
        agreeableness, and neuroticism. Prior to internet-based data 
        tracking, the only way to obtain that type of sensitive 
        psychological data would have been for an individual to elect 
        to respond to a detailed personality questionnaire.
            (9) According to a study published by the National Academy 
        of Sciences, computers can predict an individual's latent 
        personality traits better than humans. Specifically, 
        researchers found that a computer needed only 10 social media 
        impressions to better predict an individual's responses to a 
        personality questionnaire than a coworker, 70 for a cohabitant 
        or friend, 150 for a family member, and 300 for a spouse.
            (10) Communications tailored to an individual's unique 
        personality traits are designed to manipulate cognitive 
        function rather than to persuade via appeals to rational 
        decision making. A forthcoming publication by Julie E. Cohen 
        titled ``Between Truth and Power'' describes the phenomenon as 
        follows ``The operation of the digital information environment 
        has begun to mimic the operation of the collection of brain 
        structures that mid-twentieth-century neurologists christened 
        the limbic system and that play vital roles in a number of 
        precognitive functions, including emotion, motivation, and 
        habit-formation,'' and observed that ``today's networked 
        information flows are optimized to produce what social 
        psychologist Shoshana Zuboff calls instrumentarian power: They 
        employ a radical behaviorist approach to human psychology to 
        mobilize and reinforce patterns of motivation, cognition, and 
        behavior that operate on automatic, near-instinctual levels and 
        that may be manipulated instrumentally''.
            (11) According to numerous studies, messages tailored to an 
        individual's unique personality traits are materially more 
        effective at altering an individual's behavior.
            (12) A recent study published in the National Academy of 
        Sciences found that it is possible to conduct psychological 
        manipulation efforts online that are targeted and customized to 
        each individual's unique personality traits on a national 
        scale.
            (13) Candidates, campaigns, and political organizations are 
        increasingly using online data to infer personality traits and 
        other psychological characteristics regarding specific United 
        States persons, using that nonpublic information to target 
        psychologically manipulative communications and using 
        algorithms and other automated processes to automatically 
        refine communications over time to improve their effectiveness.
            (14) According to a study titled ``Voter Privacy in the Age 
        of Big Data'', political entities ``assemble a vast array of 
        [personally identifiable information] into detailed dossiers on 
        practically every American voter in order to target voters with 
        individualized messages . . . Most voters are ignorant of the 
        steps taken to create these dossiers and know even less about 
        related targeting practices.''.
            (15) The study further found that ``Political databases 
        hold records on almost 200 million eligible American voters. 
        Each records contains hundreds if not thousands of fields 
        derived from voter rolls, donor and response data, campaign web 
        data, and consumer and other data obtained from data brokers, 
        all of which is combined into a giant assemblage . . . 
        Ubiquitous personal identifiers (name, address, telephone 
        numbers, email addresses, IP addresses, cookies, mobile devices 
        IDs, and other unique IDs) allow campaigns to link and 
        integrate these diverse data sets, while data mining and 
        sophisticated statistical techniques allow them to engage in 
        highly strategic and cost-effective analysis and targeting,'' 
        and that ``Campaign insiders and paid consultants who not only 
        view voter microtargeting as highly effective but also have 
        assigned it a crucial role in determining the outcome of the 
        past three presidential campaigns.''.
            (16) The political consulting firm Cambridge Analytica 
        reportedly used a database of 220,000,000 Americans, including 
        thousands of unique data points on each individual and inferred 
        personality trait analysis, to conduct ``psychological 
        operations changing people's minds not through persuasion but 
        through `informational dominance', a set of techniques that 
        includes rumor, disinformation and fake news''. Cambridge 
        Analytica reportedly worked in 44 United States elections in 
        2014 and another 50 in 2016, including on behalf of 2 major 
        Presidential campaigns.
            (17) In Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc., the Supreme Court 
        invalidated a Vermont State law regarding restrictions on the 
        use of personal information as violating the First Amendment. 
        The court held that the government's prohibition ``disfavor[ed] 
        . . . speech with a particular content,'' namely marketing, and 
        ``disfavor[ed] specific speakers, namely pharmaceutical 
        manufacturers'' because it interfered with the manufacturers' 
        attempts to persuade recipients to use their products. 
        Psychological targeting techniques seek to manipulate, not to 
        persuade.
            (18) In Citizens United v. FEC, the Supreme Court 
        invalidated the Federal Election Campaign Act's prohibition on 
        corporate independent expenditures on the grounds that ``the 
        First Amendment does not allow political speech restrictions 
        based on a speaker's corporate identity''. Allowing individuals 
        to control the use of their own personal information in the 
        context of an election does not restrict the political speech 
        of any person based on their identity.
            (19) In Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court invalidated the 
        Federal Election Campaign Act's expenditure limitations, 
        finding that they ``impose direct and substantial restraints on 
        the quantity of political speech''. Allowing individuals to 
        control the use of their own personal information in the 
        context of an election does not limit the any person's quantity 
        of political speech.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Federal Government has a compelling interest in 
        protecting voters from surveillance and manipulation; and
            (2) the Voter Privacy Act of 2019 is the most narrowly 
        tailored approach to protecting voters from psychological 
        manipulation online, however the Federal Government's interest 
        would justify additional prohibitions if this Act is 
        insufficient.

SEC. 4. VOTER DATA PRIVACY.

    (a) In General.--Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subtitle:

         ``Subtitle B--Privacy of Voter's Personal Information

``SEC. 351. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:
            ``(1) Covered entity.--The term `covered entity' means--
                    ``(A) any candidate, political committee, national 
                committee, connected organization, or political party 
                (as those terms are defined in section 301);
                    ``(B) any political organization under section 527 
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
                    ``(C) any person that obtains an individual's 
                personal information for the purpose of conducting--
                            ``(i) a public communication as defined in 
                        section 301(22), except for purposes of this 
                        subtitle such term includes a communication by 
                        means of any paid internet or paid digital 
                        communication;
                            ``(ii) an electioneering communication as 
                        defined in section 304(f)(3);
                            ``(iii) any communication that would be an 
                        electioneering communication as defined in such 
                        section if such section were applied--
                                    ``(I) by taking into account 
                                communications made over the internet;
                                    ``(II) without regard to 
                                subparagraph (A)(i)(III) of such 
                                section with respect to communications 
                                described in subclause (I) of this 
                                clause; and
                                    ``(III) by treating the facilities 
                                of any online or digital newspaper, 
                                magazine, blog, publication, or 
                                periodical in the same manner as the 
                                facilities of a broadcasting station 
                                for purposes of subparagraph (B)(i) of 
                                such section;
                            ``(iv) an independent expenditure as 
                        defined in section 301(17); or
                            ``(v) a generic campaign activity as 
                        defined in section 301(21).
            ``(2) Targeting service.--The term `targeting service' 
        means any interactive computer service, as defined in section 
        230(f)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (42 U.S.C. 
        230(f)(2)), that allows a third party to target communications 
        to an individual based on that individual's personal 
        information.
            ``(3) Individual.--The term `individual' means a natural 
        person, however identified, including by any unique identifier.
            ``(4) Personal information.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                term `personal information' means information that 
                identifies, relates to, describes, is capable of being 
                associated with, or could reasonably be linked, 
                directly or indirectly, with a particular individual or 
                household that includes--
                            ``(i) identifiers such as internet protocol 
                        address, email address, account name, social 
                        security number, driver's license number, 
                        passport number, or other similar identifiers;
                            ``(ii) characteristics of any protected 
                        class under title VII of the Civil Rights Act 
                        of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.);
                            ``(iii) commercial information, including 
                        records of personal property, products or 
                        services purchased, obtained, or considered, or 
                        other purchasing or consuming histories or 
                        tendencies;
                            ``(iv) biometric information;
                            ``(v) internet or other electronic network 
                        activity information, including browsing 
                        history, search history, and information 
                        regarding consumer's interaction with an 
                        internet website, application, or 
                        advertisement;
                            ``(vi) geolocation data;
                            ``(vii) health insurance information;
                            ``(viii) audio, electronic, visual, 
                        thermal, olfactory, or similar information;
                            ``(ix) professional or employment-related 
                        information;
                            ``(x) education information; and
                            ``(xi) inferences drawn from any of the 
                        information identified in this subparagraph to 
                        create a profile regarding an individual 
                        reflecting the individual's preferences, 
                        characteristics, psychological traits, 
                        psychographic modeling, predispositions, 
                        behavior, attitudes, intelligence, abilities, 
                        and aptitudes.
                    ``(B) Exclusions.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `personal 
                        information' does not include the following:
                                    ``(I) Publicly available 
                                information.
                                    ``(II) Deidentified information.
                                    ``(III) Aggregate polling 
                                information.
                            ``(ii) Definitions.--For purposes of clause 
                        (i):
                                    ``(I) Publicly available 
                                information.--The term `publicly 
                                available information' means 
                                information obtained from a Federal, 
                                State, or local voter registration 
                                database that is lawfully made 
                                available to the public.
                                    ``(II) Deidentified information.--
                                The term `deidentified information' 
                                means information that cannot 
                                reasonably identify, relate to, 
                                describe, be capable of being 
                                associated with, or be linked, directly 
                                or indirectly, to a particular 
                                individual.
                                    ``(III) Aggregate polling 
                                information.--The term `aggregate 
                                polling information' means information 
                                that relates to a group or category of 
                                individuals, from which individual 
                                identities have been removed, that is 
                                not linked or reasonably linkable to 
                                any known individual, including via a 
                                device or other unique identifier.
            ``(5) Biometric information.--The term `biometric 
        information' means an individual's physiological, biological, 
        or behavioral characteristics, including an individual's 
        deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), that can be used, singly or in 
        combination with each other or with other identifying data, to 
        establish individual identity. Biometric information includes 
        imagery of the iris, retina, fingerprint, face, hand, palm, 
        vein patterns, and voice recordings, from which an identifier 
        template, such as a faceprint, a minutiae template, or a 
        voiceprint, can be extracted, and keystroke patterns or 
        rhythms, and sleep, health, or exercise data that contain 
        identifying information.
            ``(6) Health insurance information.--The term `health 
        insurance information' means an individual's insurance policy 
        number or subscriber identification number, any unique 
        identifier used by a health insurer to identify a person, or 
        any information in the individual's application and claims 
        history.
            ``(7) Categories of personal information.--The term 
        `categories of personal information' means the enumerated 
        categories of information described in clauses (i) through (xi) 
        of paragraph (4)(A), except as modified pursuant to regulations 
        or guidance of the Commission pursuant to section 359(b).
            ``(8) Verifiable request.--The term `verifiable request' 
        means a request made by an individual that a covered entity can 
        reasonably verify, pursuant to regulations adopted by the 
        Commission pursuant to section 359, to be the individual about 
        whom the covered entity has collected information.
            ``(9) Collect or collected.--The terms `collect' or 
        `collected' mean, with respect to an individual, any personal 
        information that is gathered directly from that individual.
            ``(10) Received.--The term `received' means any 
        individual's personal information that is not collected by a 
        covered entity directly from that individual, including any 
        personal information that is bought, rented, licensed, 
        acquired, or accessed, by a covered entity from any third 
        party.
            ``(11) Obtained.--The term `obtained' means any personal 
        information that is either collected or received.
            ``(12) Processing.--The term `processing' means any 
        operation or set of operations that are performed on personal 
        information or on sets of personal information, whether or not 
        by automated means.
            ``(13) Third party.--The term `third party' means a person 
        who is not--
                    ``(A) the person that collects an individual's 
                personal information directly from that individual; or
                    ``(B) a person to whom a covered entity discloses 
                an individual's personal information for processing 
                pursuant to a written contract, provided that the 
                contract prohibits the person receiving the personal 
                information from--
                            ``(i) selling or transferring the personal 
                        information to a third party; or
                            ``(ii) retaining, using, or disclosing the 
                        personal information for any purpose other than 
                        for the specific purpose of performing the 
                        services specified in the written contract.

``SEC. 352. VOTER'S RIGHT OF ACCESS.

    ``(a) In General.--An individual shall have the right to direct a 
covered entity that obtains an individual's personal information to 
disclose to that individual the categories of personal information and 
specific pieces of personal information the covered entity has obtained 
with respect to the individual.
    ``(b) Requirement.--A covered entity that receives a verifiable 
request from an individual to access that individual's personal 
information pursuant to subsection (a), shall provide the requested 
information in accordance with subsection (e).
    ``(c) Verifiable Request.--A covered entity shall provide the 
information specified in subsection (a) only upon receipt of a 
verifiable request.
    ``(d) Timing.--A covered entity shall comply with all verifiable 
requests made pursuant to subsection (a) within a reasonable period 
after receiving such a request, but not later than 10 calendar days 
after receiving such a request.
    ``(e) Contents.--Each request under subsection (a), with respect to 
the personal information of the requesting individual, shall include 
the following:
            ``(1) The categories of personal information obtained 
        regarding that individual.
            ``(2) The specific sources from which the personal 
        information was obtained.
            ``(3) The specific third party or third parties to whom the 
        personal information has been transferred or disclosed.
            ``(4) The period for which the personal information will be 
        stored by the covered entity.
            ``(5) The existence of the right of an individual to 
        request a copy of that individual's specific pieces of personal 
        information under subsection (f).
            ``(6) The existence of the right of an individual to 
        request erasure of that individual's personal information under 
        section 353.
            ``(7) The existence of the right to request prohibition of 
        the transfer of personal information to any third party under 
        section 354.
            ``(8) Information regarding the right to lodge a complaint 
        with the Commission under section 309(a) as described in 
        section 356 regarding any potential violation of this subtitle.
    ``(f) Specific Pieces of Personal Information.--In addition to the 
information provided under subsection (e), upon specific, verifiable 
request an individual shall have the right to access all of that 
individual's specific pieces of personal information obtained by a 
covered entity.
    ``(g) Format.--A covered entity shall provide information as 
required under this section to the requesting individual in a concise, 
and easily accessible form, using clear and plain language. The 
information required under this subsection may be delivered by mail or 
electronic mail, or made available via a secured internet website.
    ``(h) Cost.--A covered entity that receives a verifiable request 
from an individual shall provide information required under this 
section free of charge.
    ``(i) Limitation.--A covered entity shall not be required to 
provide an individual's personal information to the individual pursuant 
to this section more than two times in a 12-month period.
    ``(j) Prohibition on Third-Party Requests.--No third party shall 
submit a verifiable request to a covered entity on behalf of another 
individual. No individual may authorize a third party to submit a 
verifiable request to a covered entity on their behalf.

``SEC. 353. VOTER'S RIGHT OF ERASURE.

    ``(a) In General.--An individual shall have the right to direct a 
covered entity to delete any of that individual's personal information 
obtained by a covered entity.
    ``(b) Requirement.--A covered entity that receives a verifiable 
request to delete an individual's personal information pursuant to 
subsection (a)--
            ``(1) shall immediately cease processing such personal 
        information, and as soon as practicable, permanently delete 
        such information, except as provided under subsections (c), 
        (d), and (e); and
            ``(2) shall not, unless the covered entity receives written 
        authorization from the individual, re-collect or otherwise 
        obtain any of the individual's personal information, except as 
        provided under such subsections.
    ``(c) Limitation.--The requirement to delete personal information 
in subsection (b) does not apply to publicly available information as 
defined in this subtitle.
    ``(d) Records.--Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b), a covered 
entity shall maintain such personal information as is necessary to 
maintain adequate records of a request to delete information under 
subsection (a) or to comply with section 352(e)(3) and section 354 of 
this subtitle. Any personal information retained consistent with this 
subsection shall not be processed for any other purpose, and shall be 
reviewable by the Commission.
    ``(e) Confirmation.--A covered entity shall provide confirmation to 
the individual requesting deletion of personal information under 
subsection (a) not later than 5 days following the deletion of the 
information.

``SEC. 354. VOTER'S RIGHT TO PROHIBIT TRANSFER.

    ``(a) In General.--An individual shall have the right to direct a 
covered entity not to sell or otherwise transfer any of that 
individual's personal information obtained by a covered entity to any 
third party.
    ``(b) Requirement.--A covered entity that receives a verifiable 
request from an individual not to transfer that individual's personal 
information pursuant to subsection (a), shall not transfer that 
personal information directly or indirectly to a third party.
    ``(c) Notice.--A covered entity that seeks to sell or transfer an 
individual's personal information to any third party shall provide 
notice as required under section 355(b)(3).
    ``(d) Records.--Notwithstanding section 353, a covered entity shall 
retain sufficient records, including any necessary personal 
information, to determine whether an individual has directed the 
covered entity not to transfer that individual's data to a third party. 
Any personal information retained pursuant to this section shall not be 
used for any other purpose, and shall be reviewable by the Commission.
    ``(e) Prohibition on Transfer Overseas.--
            ``(1) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for any covered entity 
        to knowingly transfer outside of the United States any 
        individual's personal information, publicly available 
        information, or anonymized information as defined in this 
        subtitle.
            ``(2) Penalty.--Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall 
        be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not 
        more than 3 years, or both.

``SEC. 355. NOTICE OF RECEIPT OF VOTER'S PERSONAL INFORMATION.

    ``(a) Notice.--A covered entity that receives any individual's 
personal information from a third party shall inform such individual as 
to the scope and purpose of receiving such personal information.
    ``(b) Timing.--A covered entity shall provide notice required in 
subsection (a) to an individual within a reasonable period after 
receiving that individual's personal information, but not later than--
            ``(1) except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), 30 days 
        after receiving such information, or if personal information is 
        received in an anonymized format then 30 days after the 
        personal information is connected to an identifiable 
        individual;
            ``(2) if the personal information is to be used for a 
        communication or targeted advertisement with an individual, at 
        the time of the first communication with that individual; and
            ``(3) if the personal information is to be transferred or 
        sold to a third party, 14 days prior to that transfer or sale.
    ``(c) Contents.--Notice required under subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            ``(1) The identity and the contact information of the 
        covered entity.
            ``(2) The categories of personal information received.
            ``(3) The purposes for which the personal information was 
        received.
            ``(4) The period for which the personal information will be 
        retained.
            ``(5) The existence of the right to request from the 
        covered entity access to all specific pieces of personal 
        information under section 352(f).
            ``(6) The existence of the right of an individual to 
        request erasure of all that individual's personal information 
        obtained by a covered entity under section 353.
            ``(7) The existence of the right of an individual to 
        prohibit the transfer of that individual's personal information 
        to a third party under section 354.
            ``(8) Information regarding the right to lodge a complaint 
        with the Commission under section 309(a) as described in 
        section 357 regarding any violation of this subtitle.
    ``(d) Format.--Notice required under subsection (a) shall be 
provided in a concise and easily accessible form, using clear and plain 
language.
    ``(e) Cost.--Notice required under subsection (a) shall be provided 
at no cost to any individual with respect to whom a covered entity has 
received personal information.
    ``(f) Additional Notice.--A covered entity shall not receive 
additional categories of personal information, process personal 
information for an additional purpose, or transfer personal information 
to an additional third party without providing such persons notice 
consistent with this section.

``SEC. 356. VOTER'S RIGHT TO PROHIBIT TARGETING BASED ON PERSONAL 
              INFORMATION.

    ``(a) In General.--An individual shall have the right to prohibit a 
targeting service from using that individual's personal information to 
deliver targeted communications to that individual--
            ``(1) on behalf of a covered entity; and
            ``(2) on behalf of all covered entities.
    ``(b) Requirement.--A targeting service that receives a verifiable 
request pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a)--
            ``(1) shall immediately cease providing access, use, or 
        processing of that individual's personal information to any or 
        all covered entities with respect to which such request is 
        made, including for use in delivering targeted communications 
        to that individual based on that individual's personal 
        information; and
            ``(2) shall not provide any future access, use, or 
        processing of that individual's personal information to any or 
        all covered entities with respect to which such request is 
        made, including for use in delivering targeted communications 
        to that individual based on their personal information without 
        express written permission from that individual.
    ``(c) Notice.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Notice by covered entity.--A covered entity 
                shall provide notice to a targeting service of the 
                covered entity's status as a covered entity under this 
                subtitle, prior to accessing, using, or processing any 
                individual's personal information provided by the 
                targeting service.
                    ``(B) Notice by targeting service.--A targeting 
                service shall provide notice to any individual whose 
                personal information is accessed, used, or processed, 
                including for use in delivering a targeted 
                communication based on that individual's personal 
                information, by a covered entity.
            ``(2) Contents.--Notice required under paragraph (1)(B) 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) the identity and the contact information for 
                the targeting service;
                    ``(B) the identity and the contact information of 
                the covered entity;
                    ``(C) the categories of personal information 
                accessed, used, or otherwise made available to a 
                covered entity, including any personal information used 
                to target an advertisement or other information to that 
                individual on behalf of a covered entity; and
                    ``(D) information on the right of an individual to 
                prohibit a covered entity or all covered entities from 
                using a targeting service to deliver advertisements or 
                other information to that individual based on that 
                individual's personal information under this section.
            ``(3) Timing.--Notice required under paragraph (1)(B) shall 
        be provided by a targeting service at the time of each targeted 
        communication with an individual by the targeting service on 
        behalf of a covered entity that is based on the individual's 
        personal information.
            ``(4) Format.--Notice required under paragraph (1)(B) shall 
        be provided in a concise and easily accessible form, using 
        clear and plain language.
    ``(d) Confirmation.--A targeting service shall provide confirmation 
of an individual's verifiable request to prohibit targeted 
communications from a covered entity or all covered entities based on 
that individual's personal information not later than 3 days following 
receipt of a verifiable request from that individual pursuant to 
subsection (a).
    ``(e) Records.--
            ``(1) Targeting service.--A targeting service shall 
        maintain adequate records of any individual's request under 
        subsection (a) and, if applicable, any written permission 
        provided under subsection (b)(2) to ensure such individuals do 
        not receive targeted communications from a covered entity 
        unless such written permission is provided.
            ``(2) Covered entity.--A covered entity shall maintain 
        records of all notices provided to a targeting service as 
        required under subsection (c)(1)(A).
            ``(3) Review.--All records required under this subsection 
        shall be reviewable by the Commission.
    ``(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
interpreted--
            ``(1) to prohibit a covered entity from using a targeting 
        service to deliver information to an individual that is not 
        based on that individual's personal information; or
            ``(2) to prohibit a targeting service from using an 
        individual's personal information to deliver targeted 
        communications to that individual on behalf of a third party 
        that is not a covered entity.

``SEC. 357. RIGHT TO LODGE A COMPLAINT.

    ``An individual who believes a violation of this subtitle has 
occurred may file a complaint with the Commission pursuant to section 
309(a).

``SEC. 358. ENFORCEMENT.

    ``Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a violation of any 
provision of this subtitle shall be fined under this title or 
imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.

``SEC. 359. COMMISSION RULEMAKING.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this subtitle, the Commission shall conduct a rulemaking 
to implement the requirements of this subtitle, including to provide 
guidance on the definition of a `verifiable request', which will ensure 
individuals can exercise their rights under this subtitle in a secure 
manner.
    ``(b) Updating as Needed.--The Commission shall produce and update 
as needed guidance and regulations relating to adding categories of 
personal information for purposes of this subtitle in addition to those 
described in section 351(4)(A), in order to address changes in 
technology, data practices of covered entities, and privacy 
concerns.''.
    (b) Severability.--If any provision of this Act or amendment made 
by this Act, or the application of a provision or amendment to any 
person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder 
of this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application of the 
provisions and amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not be 
affected by the holding.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this Act shall apply 
with respect to personal information obtained, stored, or processed on 
or after 360 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and shall 
take effect without regard to whether or not the Federal Election 
Commission has promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.
                                 <all>