Title: Loan Shark Prevention Act
Policy area: Finance and Financial Sector

Summary:
Loan Shark Prevention Act
This bill limits the annual percentage rate for an extension of consumer credit to 15%. The Federal Reserve Board may raise this rate if (1) money market interest rates rise over six months, and (2) it is necessary to ensure the safety and soundness of lenders.

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2930 Introduced in House (IH)]

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116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2930

                    To protect consumers from usury.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                              May 22, 2019

   Ms. Ocasio-Cortez (for herself, Mr. Thompson of Mississippi, Ms. 
   Pressley, Ms. Tlaib, Ms. Omar, Mr. Clay, Ms. Jackson Lee, and Ms. 
  Velazquez) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
                    Committee on Financial Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
                    To protect consumers from usury.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Loan Shark Prevention Act''.

SEC. 2. INTEREST RATE REDUCTION.

    (a) National Consumer Credit Usury Rate.--Section 107 of the Truth 
in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1606) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(f) National Consumer Credit Usury Rate.--
            ``(1) Limitation established.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a) 
                or any other provision of law, but except as provided 
                in paragraph (2), the annual percentage rate applicable 
                to any extension of credit may not exceed the lesser 
                of--
                            ``(i) 15 percent on unpaid balances, 
                        inclusive of all finance charges; or
                            ``(ii) the maximum rate permitted by the 
                        laws of the State in which the consumer 
                        resides.
                    ``(B) Other fees.--Any fees that are not considered 
                finance charges under section 106(a) may not be used to 
                evade the limitations of this paragraph, and the total 
                sum of such fees may not exceed the total amount of 
                finance charges assessed.
            ``(2) Exceptions.--
                    ``(A) Board authority.--The Board may establish, 
                after consultation with the appropriate committees of 
                Congress, the Secretary of the Treasury, and any other 
                interested Federal financial institution regulatory 
                agency, an annual percentage rate of interest ceiling 
                exceeding the 15 percent annual rate under paragraph 
                (1) for periods of not to exceed 18 months, upon a 
                determination that--
                            ``(i) money market interest rates have 
                        risen over the preceding 6-month period; and
                            ``(ii) prevailing interest rate levels 
                        threaten the safety and soundness of individual 
                        lenders, as evidenced by adverse trends in 
                        liquidity, capital, earnings, and growth.
                    ``(B) Treatment of credit unions.--The limitation 
                in paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to any 
                extension of credit by an insured credit union, as that 
                term is defined in section 101 of the Federal Credit 
                Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752).
            ``(3) Penalties for charging higher rates.--
                    ``(A) Violation.--The taking, receiving, reserving, 
                or charging of an annual percentage rate or fee greater 
                than that permitted by paragraph (1), when knowingly 
                done, shall be deemed a violation of this title, and a 
                forfeiture of the entire interest which the note, bill, 
                or other evidence of the obligation carries with it, or 
                which has been agreed to be paid thereon.
                    ``(B) Refund of interest amounts.--If an annual 
                percentage rate or fee greater than that permitted 
                under paragraph (1) has been paid, the person by whom 
                it has been paid, or the legal representative thereof, 
                may, by bringing an action not later than 2 years after 
                the date on which the usurious collection was last 
                made, recover back from the lender in an action in the 
                nature of an action of debt, the entire amount of 
                interest, finance charges, or fees paid.
            ``(4) Civil liability.--Any creditor who violates this 
        subsection shall be subject to the provisions of section 130.
    ``(g) Relation to State Law.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to preempt any provision of State law that provides greater 
protection to consumers than is provided in this section.''.
    (b) Civil Liability Conforming Amendment.--Section 130(a) of the 
Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. 1640(a)) is amended by inserting 
``section 107(f),'' before ``this chapter''.
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