Title: Agriculture Resilience Act
Policy area: Agriculture and Food

Summary:
Agriculture Resilience Act
This bill addresses national greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts in the U.S. agriculture sector, including a national goal to achieve net-zero emissions by the year 2040.
Among other things, the bill

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5861 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 5861

 To address the impact of climate change on agriculture, and for other 
                               purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                           February 12, 2020

 Ms. Pingree introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Agriculture, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and 
Means, Education and Labor, Energy and Commerce, Oversight and Reform, 
and House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by 
the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall 
           within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To address the impact of climate change on agriculture, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Agriculture 
Resilience Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this bill is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
                         TITLE I--NATIONAL GOAL

Sec. 101. Goals.
Sec. 102. Action plan.
                           TITLE II--RESEARCH

Sec. 201. Research, extension, and education purpose.
Sec. 202. Regional hubs for risk adaptation and mitigation to climate 
                            change.
Sec. 203. Sustainable agriculture research and education resilience 
                            initiative.
Sec. 204. Sustainable agriculture technology development and transfer 
                            program.
Sec. 205. Long-Term Agroecological Network.
Sec. 206. Public breed and cultivar research.
Sec. 207. ARS Climate Scientist Career Development Program.
Sec. 208. Agricultural Climate Adaptation and Mitigation through AFRI.
Sec. 209. Specialty crop research initiative.
Sec. 210. Integrated pest management.
Sec. 211. National Academy of Sciences Study.
Sec. 212. Appropriate technology transfer to rural areas.
                         TITLE III--SOIL HEALTH

Sec. 301. Crop insurance.
Sec. 302. Environmental Quality Incentives Program.
Sec. 303. Conservation Stewardship Program.
Sec. 304. State assistance for soil health.
Sec. 305. Funding and administration.
Sec. 306. Carbon tax credit feasibility study.
Sec. 307. Conservation compliance.
Sec. 308. Agroforestry centers.
           TITLE IV--FARMLAND PRESERVATION AND FARM VIABILITY

Sec. 401. Local Agriculture Market Program.
Sec. 402. Organic certification cost-share program.
Sec. 403. Exclusion of gain from sale of certain farm property and 
                            agricultural easements.
Sec. 404. Farmland Protection Policy Act.
Sec. 405. Agriculture conservation easement program.
                    TITLE V--PASTURE-BASED LIVESTOCK

Sec. 501. Animal raising claims.
Sec. 502. Grants for reimbursement of compliance costs for very small 
                            processors of meat food products and 
                            poultry products.
Sec. 503. Conservation of private grazing land.
Sec. 504. Conservation reserve program.
Sec. 505. Alternative Manure Management Program.
                   TITLE VI--ON-FARM RENEWABLE ENERGY

Sec. 601. Rural Energy For America Program.
Sec. 602. Study on dual-use renewable energy systems.
Sec. 603. AgSTAR program.
                     TITLE VII--FOOD LOSS AND WASTE

                     Subtitle A--Food Date Labeling

Sec. 701. Definitions.
Sec. 702. Quality dates and discard dates.
Sec. 703. Misbranding.
Sec. 704. Regulations.
Sec. 705. Delayed applicability.
                      Subtitle B--Other Provisions

Sec. 711. Composting as conservation practice.
Sec. 712. Amendments to Federal Food Donation Act.
Sec. 713. Grants for composting and anaerobic digestion food waste-to-
                            energy projects.
Sec. 714. School food waste reduction grant program.

                         TITLE I--NATIONAL GOAL

SEC. 101. GOALS.

    (a) United States Agriculture Goal.--As part of a national 
greenhouse gas emission reduction effort to prevent climate change from 
exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming above preindustrial levels, 
the goal for the agricultural sector in the United States shall be to 
achieve at least a 50 percent reduction in net greenhouse gases from 
2010 levels by not later than 2030 and to achieve net zero emissions by 
not later than 2040.
    (b) Subgoals.--
            (1) Research.--To help achieve the goal specified in 
        subsection (a), the total Federal investment in public food and 
        agriculture research and extension should, at a minimum, triple 
        by not later than 2030 and quadruple by not later than 2040, 
        with a heightened emphasis on climate change adaptation and 
        mitigation, soil health, agro-forestry, advanced grazing 
        management and crop-livestock integration, other agro-
        ecological systems, on-farm and food system energy efficiency 
        and renewable energy production, farmland preservation and 
        viability, food waste reduction, and related topics to 
        accelerate progress toward net zero emissions by not later than 
        2040.
            (2) Soil health.--To help achieve the goal specified in 
        subsection (a)--
                    (A) the United States should immediately become a 
                member of the 4 per 1000 Initiative's forum and 
                consortium, hosted by the Consultative Group for 
                International Agricultural Research (commonly referred 
                to as the ``CGIAR''), with the aim of increasing total 
                soil carbon stocks by 0.4 percent annually to reduce 
                carbon in the atmosphere, restore soil health and 
                productivity, and thereby improve food security;
                    (B) the agricultural sector should expand adoption 
                of soil health practices (including diverse crop 
                rotations, cover cropping, conservation tillage, 
                perennialization of highly erodible land, agroforestry, 
                composting, biologically based nutrient management, and 
                advanced grazing management including silvopasture) 
                sufficiently to restore at least a quarter of the soil 
                carbon that has been lost in the last 300 years by not 
                later than 2030 and at least half of lost soil carbon 
                by not later than 2040; and
                    (C) cover crop acres in the United States should 
                increase to at least 25 percent of crop acres by not 
                later than 2030 and at least 50 percent by not later 
                than 2040, with at least 50 percent of cropland acres 
                covered by crops, cover crops, or residue year-round by 
                not later than 2030 rising to at least 75 percent by 
                not later than 2040.
            (3) Farmland preservation.--To help achieve the goal 
        specified in subsection (a), the rate of conversion in the 
        United States of agricultural land to development, as well as 
        the rate of grassland conversion to cropping, should be reduced 
        by at least 80 percent by not later than 2030 and eliminated by 
        not later than 2040.
            (4) Pasture-based livestock.--To help achieve the goal 
        specified in subsection (a), the livestock sector in the United 
        States should--
                    (A) establish advanced grazing management, 
                including management-intensive rotational grazing, on 
                at least 50 percent of all grazing lands by not later 
                than 2030 and 100 percent of all grazing land by not 
                later than 2040;
                    (B) reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to 
                feeding of ruminants by at least a third by not later 
                than 2030 and by at least 50 percent by not later than 
                2040 by reducing non-grazing feeding of ruminants, 
                growing feed grains and forages with soil health and 
                nutrient management practices that minimize net 
                greenhouse gas emissions from cropland, and designing 
                livestock feed mixtures and supplements to mitigate 
                enteric methane emissions;
                    (C) re-integrate livestock and crop production 
                systems at farm, local and regional levels to 
                facilitate environmentally sound management and field 
                application of manure and reduce the need for long-term 
                manure storage by increasing acreage on individual 
                farms under crop-livestock integrated management by at 
                least 50 percent over 2017 levels by not later than 
                2030 and by 100 percent over 2017 levels by not later 
                than 2040; and
                    (D) immediately cease building any new or expanded 
                waste lagoons for confined animal feeding operations 
                and convert at least one third of wet manure handling 
                and storage to alternative manure management (as 
                described in section 1240T of the Food Security Act of 
                1985 (as added by this Act)) by not later than 2030 and 
                at least two thirds by not later than 2040.
            (5) On-farm renewable energy.--To help achieve the goal 
        specified in subsection (a), the agriculture sector in the 
        United States should--
                    (A) implement energy audits and energy efficiency 
                improvements on at least 50 percent of farms by not 
                later than 2030 and 100 percent of farms by not later 
                than 2040;
                    (B) expand on-farm clean renewable energy 
                production to at least double 2017 levels by not later 
                than 2030 and at least triple by not later than 2040; 
                and
                    (C) install and manage on-farm renewable energy 
                infrastructure in a way that does not adversely impact 
                farmland, soil, and water resources, or food 
                production.
            (6) Food loss and waste.--Consistent with the Food Waste 
        Challenge launched by the Department of Agriculture and the 
        Environmental Protection Agency in June 2013 and the national 
        food loss and waste goal announced in September 2015, the food 
        and agriculture sector in the United States should commit to--
                    (A) at least a 50 percent reduction in food loss 
                and waste by not later than 2030; and
                    (B) at least a 75 percent reduction in food loss 
                and waste by not later than 2040.

SEC. 102. ACTION PLAN.

    (a) Plan Development.--The Secretary shall develop a plan for 
actions to achieve, in combination with the other Federal agencies, the 
national goals declared by section 101. The plan shall include actions 
that will make significant and rapid progress toward meeting such 
goals.
    (b) Actions To Meet Goals.--
            (1) In general.--Actions selected by the Secretary to 
        include in a plan developed under subsection (a) may include 
        issuing regulations, providing incentives, carrying out 
        research and development programs, and any other action the 
        Secretary determines appropriate to achieve the goals declared 
        by section 101.
            (2) Selection.--In selecting actions to include in a plan 
        developed under subsection (a), the Secretary shall select 
        actions designed to--
                    (A) fully implement the provisions of this Act (and 
                the amendments made by this Act);
                    (B) provide benefits for farmers and ranchers, 
                rural communities, small businesses, and consumers;
                    (C) improve public health, resilience, and 
                environmental outcomes, especially for rural and low-
                income households, communities of color, Tribal and 
                indigenous communities, and communities that are 
                disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate 
                change, air and water pollution, and other resource 
                degradation; and
                    (D) prioritize investments that reduce emissions of 
                greenhouse gases and sequester carbon while 
                simultaneously helping to solve other pressing agro-
                environmental resource concerns, increase farming and 
                ranching opportunities, create quality jobs, improve 
                farmworker working conditions and living standards, and 
                make communities more resilient to the effects of 
                climate change.
    (c) Plan Implementation.--
            (1) Public comment.--Not later than 12 months after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make the 
        proposed plan developed under subsection (a) available for 
        public comment.
            (2) Submission.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make public and 
        submit to Congress a plan developed under subsection (a) that 
        incorporates revisions to the proposed plan, as appropriate, to 
        address the recommendations provided by the public pursuant to 
        paragraph (1).
            (3) Implementation.--Beginning not later than 18 months 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        implement the plan developed under subsection (a) and submitted 
        to Congress under paragraph (2).
            (4) Revisions.--Beginning 24 months after the date on which 
        the Secretary submits to Congress the plan under paragraph (2) 
        and not less frequently than once every 24 months thereafter, 
        the Secretary shall review and revise the plan to ensure it is 
        sufficient to achieve the national goals declared by section 
        101. The Secretary shall include the conclusion of each such 
        review and any revised plan resulting from such review in the 
        next annual report required under paragraph (5).
            (5) Annual report.--The Secretary shall issue an annual 
        public report on the plan (including any revisions to such 
        plan), actions taken pursuant to such plan, and the effects of 
        such actions, during the preceding calendar year.

                           TITLE II--RESEARCH

SEC. 201. RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION PURPOSE.

    Section 1402 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and 
Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3101) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (8) and (9) as paragraphs 
        (9) and (10), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
            ``(8) accelerate the ability of agriculture and the food 
        system of the United States to first achieve net zero carbon 
        emissions and then go further to be carbon positive by removing 
        additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere;''.

SEC. 202. REGIONAL HUBS FOR RISK ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TO CLIMATE 
              CHANGE.

    Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 is amended by inserting before section 404 (7 U.S.C. 
7624) the following new section:

``SEC. 401. REGIONAL HUBS FOR RISK ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION TO CLIMATE 
              CHANGE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a national 
network of regional hubs for risk adaptation and mitigation to climate 
change to deliver science-based, region-specific, cost-effective, and 
practical information and program support to farmers, ranchers, forest 
landowners, and other agricultural and natural resource managers to 
support science-informed decision-making in light of the increased 
costs, opportunities, risks, and vulnerabilities associated with a 
changing climate, and to provide access to assistance to implement 
those decisions.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--An entity is eligible to be selected as a 
regional hub under subsection (a) if such entity is any office of the 
Agricultural Research Service, the Forest Service, or any other agency 
of the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary determines is 
appropriate.
    ``(c) Administration.--
            ``(1) In general.--The network established under subsection 
        (a) shall be designated and administered jointly by the 
        Agricultural Research Service and the Forest Service, in 
        partnership with other Federal agencies, including the 
        following:
                    ``(A) Within the Department of Agriculture, the 
                following agencies:
                            ``(i) The Natural Resource Conservation 
                        Service.
                            ``(ii) The Farm Service Agency.
                            ``(iii) The Risk Management Agency.
                            ``(iv) The Animal and Plant Health 
                        Inspection Service.
                            ``(v) The National Institute for Food and 
                        Agriculture.
                    ``(B) The Department of the Interior.
                    ``(C) The Department of Energy.
                    ``(D) The Environmental Protection Agency.
                    ``(E) The United States Geological Survey.
                    ``(F) National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Administration.
                    ``(G) National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration.
                    ``(H) Other Federal agencies as the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
            ``(2) Partners.--The regional hubs established under 
        subsection (a) shall work in close partnership with other 
        stakeholders and partners, including--
                    ``(A) colleges and universities;
                    ``(B) cooperative extension services (as defined in 
                section 1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 
                U.S.C. 3103));
                    ``(C) State agricultural experiment stations (as 
                defined in such section);
                    ``(D) private entities;
                    ``(E) State, local and regional governments;
                    ``(F) Tribes;
                    ``(G) agriculture and commodity organizations;
                    ``(H) nonprofit and community-based organizations; 
                and
                    ``(I) other partners, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
    ``(d) Responsibilities.--A regional hub established under this 
section shall--
            ``(1) offer tools, strategies management options, and 
        technical support to farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners 
        to help such farmers, ranchers, and landowners mitigate and 
        adapt to climate change;
            ``(2) direct farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners to 
        Federal agencies that can provide program support to enable 
        such farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners to implement 
        science-informed management practices that address climate 
        change;
            ``(3) determine how climate and weather projections will 
        impact the agricultural and forestry sectors;
            ``(4) provide periodic regional assessments of risk and 
        vulnerability in the agricultural and forestry sectors to help 
        farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners better understand the 
        potential direct and indirect impacts of climate change and to 
        inform the United States Global Change Research Program;
            ``(5) provide to farmers, ranchers, forest landowners, and 
        rural communities outreach, education, and extension on 
        science-based risk management through partnerships with the 
        land-grant colleges and universities (as defined in section 
        1404 of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), 
        cooperative extension services, and other entities;
            ``(6) work with any cooperative extension services (as 
        defined in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, 
        Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103)), 
        conservation districts, and non-governmental organizations 
        involved in farmer outreach in the region served by such hub to 
        assist producers in developing business plans and conservation 
        plans that take into account emerging climate risk science with 
        respect to crop, production, and conservation system changes 
        that will help producers adapt to a changing climate; and
            ``(7) establish, working in partnership with programs and 
        projects carried out under subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, 
        Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5801 
        et seq.), additional partnerships with farmers and non-profit 
        and community-based organizations to conduct applied on-farm 
        research on climate change.
    ``(e) Priorities.--A regional hub established under this section 
shall prioritize research and data collection activities in the 
following areas:
            ``(1) Improved measurement and monitoring of--
                    ``(A) soil organic carbon sequestration; and
                    ``(B) total net greenhouse gas impacts of different 
                farming systems and practices.
            ``(2) Lifecycle analysis for total net greenhouse gas 
        emissions related to--
                    ``(A) alternative cropping systems;
                    ``(B) alternative livestock production systems;
                    ``(C) integrated cropping-livestock systems;
                    ``(D) alternative biofuel crop production systems 
                and biofuel end uses;
                    ``(E) alternative agroforestry practices and 
                systems; and
                    ``(F) alternative forestry management systems.
            ``(3) Research and education on--
                    ``(A) optimal soil health practices;
                    ``(B) advanced biological nutrient management based 
                on optimal soil health practices;
                    ``(C) enhanced synergies between crop roots and 
                soil biota;
                    ``(D) linkages between soil, plant, animal, and 
                human health;
                    ``(E) adaption and mitigation needs of 
                stakeholders;
                    ``(F) new crops or new varieties to help producers 
                be profitable while adapting to a changing climate;
                    ``(G) social and economic barriers to stakeholder 
                adoption of new practices that improve adaptation, 
                mitigation, and soil sequestration; and
                    ``(H) evaluation and assessment of climate-related 
                decision tools of the Department of Agriculture.
            ``(4) Grazing-based livestock management systems to 
        optimize net greenhouse gas footprint including--
                    ``(A) grazing land carbon sequestration; and
                    ``(B) mitigation of enteric methane.
    ``(f) Stakeholder Input.--Each regional hub established under this 
section shall solicit input from stakeholders on pressing needs, 
important issues, and outreach strategies through a variety of 
mechanisms including regional stakeholder committees and may partner 
with stakeholders in conducting research and developing tools.
    ``(g) Risk Management.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall appoint a team of 
        individuals representing the regional hubs, regional hub 
        partners, and the Risk Management Agency to develop 
        recommendations to better account for--
                    ``(A) climate risk in actuarial tables; and
                    ``(B) soil health and other risk-reducing 
                conservation activities in the Federal crop insurance 
                program under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 
                1508 et seq.).
            ``(2) Submission of recommendations.--The team appointed 
        under paragraph (1) shall submit to the Secretary on an 
        iterative basis, but not less frequently than once every two 
        years, the team's recommendations developed pursuant to such 
        paragraph.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each fiscal 
years 2021 through 2030.''.

SEC. 203. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION RESILIENCE 
              INITIATIVE.

    (a) Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education.--Section 1619 
of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 
5801) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) increase resilience in the context of a changing 
        climate and related economic, social, and environmental 
        shocks.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``management'' and 
                        inserting ``systems and practices''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``resilience,'' after 
                        ``profitability,''; and
                    (B) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) The term `resilience' means, with respect to an 
        agricultural management system, the ability of such system to 
        absorb and recover from climate and other disturbances, such 
        that the system thrives in the face of severe shocks.''.
    (b) Eligibility of Tribal Colleges To Enter Into Research and 
Extension Project Agreements.--Section 1621(b) of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5811(b)) is 
amended by striking ``or Federal or State'' inserting ``1994 
Institutions (as defined in section 532 of the Equity in Educational 
Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103-382)), 
or Federal, State, or Tribal''.
    (c) Agricultural and Food System Resilience Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1627 of the Food, Agriculture, 
        Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking the first sentence 
                                and inserting the following: ``In close 
                                conjunction with programs and projects 
                                established under sections 1621 and 
                                1623, the Secretary shall establish a 
                                research, education, extension, and 
                                outreach initiative, which may include 
                                farmer and rancher research and 
                                demonstration grants, and use an 
                                interdisciplinary approach wherever 
                                appropriate, to increase the resilience 
                                of agriculture and the food system in 
                                the context of a changing climate and 
                                related economic, social, and 
                                environmental shocks.''; and
                                    (II) in the second sentence, by 
                                striking ``program'' and inserting 
                                ``initiative'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraph (3);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (1), (2), 
                        (4), and (5) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and 
                        (6), respectively;
                            (iv) by inserting before paragraph (3) (as 
                        so redesignated), the following:
            ``(1) to equip farmers to prepare for, adapt, and transform 
        their farming systems when confronted by shocks and stresses to 
        their agricultural production and livelihoods;
            ``(2) to support local and regional food systems that 
        support resilience and enhance local access and control over 
        productive resources;'';
                            (v) in paragraph (3) (as redesignated by 
                        clause (iii))--
                                    (I) by inserting ``climate and'' 
                                after ``adverse'';
                                    (II) by inserting ``soil quality 
                                and'' after ``enhance''; and
                                    (III) by inserting ``reduce 
                                dependency on fossil fuels,'' after 
                                ``inputs,'';
                            (vi) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by 
                        clause (iii)), by inserting ``increase 
                        resilience'' after ``practices to''; and
                            (vii) in paragraph (6) (as redesignated by 
                        clause (iii)), by striking ``integrated'' and 
                        all that follows through ``programs'' and 
                        inserting ``policies and programs to improve 
                        food and agricultural system resilience'';
                    (B) by striking subsections (b), (c), and (d); and
                    (C) by inserting after subsection (a) the 
                following:
    ``(b) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 and each 
        fiscal year thereafter.
            ``(2) Discretionary funding.--There are authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this section through the National 
        Institute of Food and Agriculture $20,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2013 through 2023.''.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The chapter heading of chapter 2 
        of subtitle B of title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, 
        Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5821) is amended 
        to read as follows: ``AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SYSTEM RESILIENCE 
        INITIATIVE''.

SEC. 204. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) Technical Guides and Books.--Section 1628 of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5831) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate 
        change;''; and
            (2) in subsection (e), by striking ``Soil Conservation'' 
        and inserting ``Natural Resources Conservation''.
    (b) National Training Program.--Section 1629 of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5832) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Soil 
                Conservation Service and the Agricultural Stabilization 
                and Conservation Service'' and inserting ``Natural 
                Resources Conservation Service and the Farm Service 
                Agency'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (10) and (11) as 
                paragraphs (11) and (12), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following;
            ``(10) develop and provide information concerning climate 
        change adaptation and mitigation developed under this subtitle 
        and other research and education programs of the Department;'';
            (2) in subsection (h), by striking ``Soil Conservation 
        Service'' and inserting ``Natural Resources Conservation 
        Service''; and
            (3) in subsection (i), by striking ``2023'' and inserting 
        the following: ``2020, and $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2021 through 2030''.

SEC. 205. LONG-TERM AGROECOLOGICAL NETWORK.

    Title IV of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 is amended by inserting after section 401 (as added 
by section 201), the following:

``SEC. 402. LONG-TERM AGROECOLOGICAL NETWORK.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator 
of the Agricultural Research Service, shall provide for the 
establishment and maintenance of a network of research sites operated 
by the Agricultural Research Service for research on the sustainability 
of agricultural systems in the United States, to be known as the `Long-
Term Agroecological Research Network' (in this section referred to as 
the `Network') with the following goals:
            ``(1) To understand and enhance the sustainability of 
        agriculture.
            ``(2) To integrate research projects with common 
        measurements on multiple agroecosystems (such as croplands, 
        rangelands, and pasturelands).
            ``(3) To develop new farming systems, practices, and 
        technologies to address agricultural challenges and 
        opportunities, including challenges and opportunities posed by 
        climate change.
    ``(b) Activities Described.--The activities of the Network shall 
include--
            ``(1) research conducted for a minimum of 30 years to 
        develop novel scientific insights at regional and national 
        scales and evaluate the applicability and adaptation to local 
        conditions;
            ``(2) the establishment and maintenance of multiple sites 
        or research centers that capture the diversity of agricultural 
        production systems that function as a network; and
            ``(3) the coordination of large-scale data collection 
        related to the sustainability of agricultural systems and the 
        provision of infrastructure to research sites to allow for 
        analyzing and disseminating such data.
    ``(c) Coordination of Research.--The Secretary, shall, in carrying 
out subsection (a)--
            ``(1) coordinate long-term agroecological research to 
        improve understanding within the Department of Agriculture of 
        how agroecosystems function at the field, regional, and 
        national scales;
            ``(2) designate research sites for inclusion in the Network 
        that are representative of major agricultural regions;
            ``(3) ensure that every research site so included conducts 
        experiments with common goals and methods--
                    ``(A) to increase agricultural productivity and 
                profitability;
                    ``(B) to enhance agricultural resilience and the 
                capacity to mitigate and adapt to climate change;
                    ``(C) boost the provision of ecosystem services 
                from agricultural landscapes; and
                    ``(D) improve opportunities for rural communities;
            ``(4) make data collected at research sites included in the 
        Network open to researchers and the public whenever 
        practicable, and integrate data across the network and partner 
        sites; and
            ``(5) provide infrastructure to research sites included in 
        the Network for data collection, common measurements, and data 
        streams that complement other national networks, such as the 
        National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and the Long-
        Term Ecological Research (LTER) network.
    ``(d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2030.''.

SEC. 206. PUBLIC BREED AND CULTIVAR RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--The Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research 
Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(A) Conventional breeding.--The term `conventional 
        breeding' means the development of new varieties of an organism 
        through controlled mating and selection without the use of 
        transgenic methods, provided that information gained through 
        gene sequencing, genomic, and metabolomics analyses can be used 
        to inform mating and selection choices.
            ``(B) Cultivar.--The term `cultivar' means a variety of a 
        species of plant that has been intentionally selected for use 
        in cultivation because of the improved characteristics of that 
        variety of the species.
            ``(C) Public breed and cultivar.--The term `public breed 
        and cultivar' means an animal breed or crop cultivar that is 
        the commercially available end product of a publicly funded 
        breeding program that has been sufficiently tested to 
        demonstrate improved characteristics and stable performance, 
        and for which the farmers' rights to save and use, and 
        breeders' rights to share and improve are protected.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Public Breed and Cultivar Development Funding.--
            ``(1) In general.--Of the amount of grants made under 
        subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary shall ensure that not 
        less than the following amounts are used for competitive 
        research grants that support the development of public breeds 
        and cultivars:
                    ``(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(B) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(C) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(D) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(E) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(F) $100,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
                2026 through 2030.
            ``(2) Priority.--In making grants under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall give priority to high-potential research 
        projects that lead to the release of public breeds and 
        cultivars that assist producers in mitigating and adapting to 
        climate change.
            ``(3) Grants.--The Secretary shall ensure that--
                    ``(A) the terms for any competitive grants made 
                under subsection (b) are not less than 5 years;
                    ``(B) any such term or associated renewal process 
                facilitates the development and commercialization of 
                public breeds and cultivars through long-term grants; 
                and
                    ``(C) when necessary, Tribal consultation occurs to 
                ensure public breed and cultivar development does not 
                infringe on Tribes' abilities to maintain culturally 
                sensitive breeds and cultivars.''.
    (b) Public Breed and Cultivar Research Activities Coordinator.--
Section 251 of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 
(7 U.S.C. 6971) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) Public breed and cultivar research activities 
        coordinator.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Under Secretary shall 
                appoint a coordinator within the Office of the Chief 
                Scientist that reports to the Under Secretary to 
                coordinate research activities at the Department 
                relating to the breeding of public breeds and cultivars 
                (as defined in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of the 
                Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act 
                (7 U.S.C. 3157(a))).
                    ``(B) Duties of coordinator.--The coordinator 
                appointed under subparagraph (A) shall--
                            ``(i) coordinate animal and plant breeding 
                        research activities funded by the Department 
                        relating to the development and delivery to 
                        producers of climate resilient and regionally 
                        adapted public breeds and crop cultivars;
                            ``(ii)(I) carry out ongoing analysis and 
                        track activities for any Federal research 
                        funding supporting animal and plant breeding 
                        (including any public breeds and cultivars 
                        developed with Federal funds); and
                            ``(II) ensure that the analysis and 
                        activities are made available to the public not 
                        later than 60 days after the last day of each 
                        fiscal year;
                            ``(iii) develop a strategic plan that 
                        establishes targets for public breed and 
                        cultivar research investments across the 
                        Department to ensure that a diverse range of 
                        animal and crop needs are being met in a timely 
                        and transparent manner, with a strong focus on 
                        delivery of resource-efficient, stress-
                        tolerant, regionally adapted animal breeds and 
                        crop cultivars that help build agricultural 
                        resilience to climate change and support on-
                        farm carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas 
                        mitigation, nutritional quality, and other 
                        farmer-identified priority agronomic and market 
                        traits;
                            ``(iv) convene a working group in order to 
                        carry out the coordination functions described 
                        in this subparagraph comprised of individuals 
                        who are responsible for the management, 
                        administration, or analysis of public breeding 
                        programs within the Department from--
                                    ``(I) the National Institute of 
                                Food and Agriculture;
                                    ``(II) the Agricultural Research 
                                Service; and
                                    ``(III) the Economic Research 
                                Service;
                            ``(v) in order to maximize delivery of 
                        public breeds and cultivars, promote 
                        collaboration among--
                                    ``(I) the coordinator;
                                    ``(II) the working group convened 
                                under clause (iv);
                                    ``(III) the advisory council 
                                established under section 1634 of the 
                                Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
                                Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5843);
                                    ``(IV) genetic resource 
                                conservation centers;
                                    ``(V) land-grant colleges and 
                                universities (as defined in section 
                                1404 of the National Agricultural 
                                Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                                Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
                                    ``(VI) Hispanic-serving 
                                institutions (as defined in section 
                                502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 
                                1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a));
                                    ``(VII) Native American-serving 
                                nontribal institutions (as defined in 
                                section 371(c) of the Higher Education 
                                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q(c)));
                                    ``(VIII) Tribal organizations (as 
                                defined in section 4 of the Indian 
                                Self-Determination and Education 
                                Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5304));
                                    ``(IX) nongovernmental 
                                organizations with interest or 
                                expertise in public breeding; and
                                    ``(X) public and private plant 
                                breeders;
                            ``(vi) convene regular stakeholder 
                        listening sessions to provide input on national 
                        and regional priorities for public breed and 
                        cultivar research activities across the 
                        Department; and
                            ``(vii) evaluate and make recommendations 
                        to the Under Secretary on training and resource 
                        needs to meet future breeding challenges, 
                        including the challenges stemming from climate 
                        change.''; and
            (2) in subsection (f)(1)(D)(i), by striking ``(7 U.S.C. 
        450i(b))'' and inserting ``(7 U.S.C. 3157(b))''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 296(b)(6)(B) of the Department 
of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 (7 U.S.C. 7014(b)(6)(B)) is 
amended by striking ``Office; and'' and inserting ``Office (including 
the public breed and cultivar research activities coordinator under 
subsection (e)(7) of that section); and''.
    (d) Public Breed and Cultivar Development.--Subtitle H of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5921) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 1681. PUBLIC BREED AND CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT.

    ``(a) Funding.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in conjunction with 
the Director of the National Genetic Resources Program appointed under 
section 1633 and acting through the Agricultural Research Service, 
shall support the development of public breeds and cultivars (as 
defined in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) of the Competitive, Special, 
and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(a))) by Federal 
researchers.
    ``(b) Priority.--In supporting research under subsection (a) using 
funds made available pursuant to subsection (d), the Secretary shall 
give priority to high-potential research projects that lead to the 
release of public breeds and cultivars that assist producers in 
mitigating and adapting to climate change.
    ``(c) Report.--Not later than October 1 of each year, the Secretary 
shall submit to Congress a report that provides information on all 
public breed and cultivar research funded by the Agricultural Research 
Service and the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, 
including--
            ``(1) a list of public breeds and cultivars developed and 
        released in a commercially available form;
            ``(2) areas of high priority research;
            ``(3) identified research gaps relating to public breed and 
        cultivar development, including newly emerging needs stemming 
        from climate change; and
            ``(4) an assessment of the state of commercialization for 
        breeds and cultivars that have been developed.
    ``(d) Funding.--Of the funds made available to the Administrator of 
the Agricultural Research Service for a fiscal year, not less than 
$50,000,000 shall be made available to carry out this section.''.

SEC. 207. ARS CLIMATE SCIENTIST CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall, in accordance 
with section 922 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act 
of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 2279c), carry out an internship program within the 
Agricultural Research Service for graduate students pursuing a degree 
or conducting research related to climate change and agriculture.
    (b) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
Secretary may use not more than $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2021 through 2030 to carry out the program referred to in subsection 
(a).

SEC. 208. AGRICULTURAL CLIMATE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION THROUGH AFRI.

    Subsection (b)(2) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Grant 
Act (7 U.S.C. 3157(b)(2)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
                    ``(G) Agricultural climate adaptation and 
                mitigation.--Agricultural climate adaptation and 
                mitigation, including--
                            ``(i) strategies for agricultural 
                        adaptation to climate change, including 
                        adaptation strategies for small and medium-
                        sized dairy, livestock, crop and other 
                        commodity operations;
                            ``(ii) on-farm mitigation strategies and 
                        solutions, including infrastructure, equipment, 
                        and agricultural ecosystems-based strategies;
                            ``(iii) the economic costs, benefits, 
                        effectiveness, and viability of producers 
                        adopting conservation practices and 
                        technologies designed to improve soil health, 
                        including carbon sequestration in soil;
                            ``(iv) the effectiveness of existing 
                        conservation practices and enhancements to 
                        improve soil health, including the 
                        effectiveness to sequester carbon in soil;
                            ``(v) new technologies to measure and 
                        verify environmentally beneficial outcomes of 
                        healthy soils practices, including carbon 
                        sequestration in soil; and
                            ``(vi) links between human health and soil 
                        health.''.

SEC. 209. SPECIALTY CROP RESEARCH INITIATIVE.

    Section 412 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                inserting ``, multi-crop production systems,'' after 
                ``specific crops'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4)(E), by striking ``; and'' at 
                the end and inserting a semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change, 
        including--
                    ``(A) on-farm mitigation strategies and solutions, 
                including agricultural ecosystems-based strategies;
                    ``(B) conservation practices and technologies 
                designed to improve soil health, including those that 
                sequester carbon in soil; and
                    ``(C) breeding research and cultivar development to 
                help adapt to climate change.''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)(3)(A), by striking ``equal to not 
        less than the amount of the grant'' and inserting ``in an 
        amount that is equal to not less than 25 percent of the funds 
        provided through the grant''.

SEC. 210. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT.

    Section 406 of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 
Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7626) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as 
        subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Emphasis on Climate Resilience.--The Secretary shall ensure 
that grants made under this section are, where appropriate, consistent 
with the development of food and agricultural systems that improve 
climate resilience.
    ``(e) Ecologically Based Pest Management.--The Secretary shall 
ensure that grants made under this section to support pest management 
prioritize ecologically based approaches that are effective, 
affordable, and environmentally sound, maintain agricultural 
productivity and healthy communities, and improve climate 
resilience.''.

SEC. 211. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Agriculture, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall enter into an agreement 
with the National Academy of Sciences, under which the National Academy 
agrees to produce an analysis of current scientific findings to 
determine the links between human health and soil health by--
            (1) reviewing existing research on the connections between 
        the human microbiome and soil microbiome;
            (2) identifying linkages between soil management practices 
        and the nutrient density of foods for human consumption;
            (3) exploring potential impact of increasing soil organic 
        matter across the agricultural and food value chain;
            (4) determining how to best leverage healthy soil 
        management practices to maximize benefits and minimize adverse 
        impacts on human health; and
            (5) highlighting areas for future research.
    (b) Report.--The agreement under subsection (a) shall include a 
requirement that the National Academy of Sciences, not later than 2 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act, submit to the 
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
report on the results of the study conducted pursuant to subsection 
(a).

SEC. 212. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO RURAL AREAS.

    Section 310B(i)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development 
Act (7 U.S.C. 1932(i)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end; 
        and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E) 
        and inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
                    ``(D) increase resilience by adapting to and 
                mitigating the effects of climate change; and''.

                         TITLE III--SOIL HEALTH

SEC. 301. CROP INSURANCE.

    (a) Voluntary Good Farming Practices.--Section 508(a)(3) of the 
Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(a)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking ``practices'' the 
        first place it appears and all that follows through the period 
        at the end and inserting ``practices.'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as 
        subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
                    ``(B) Good farming practices.--For purposes of 
                subparagraph (A)(iii), good farming practices include 
                the following:
                            ``(i) Scientifically sound, sustainable, 
                        and organic farming practices, as determined by 
                        the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) Conservation farming practices that 
                        are approved by--
                                    ``(I) the Natural Resources 
                                Conservation Service; or
                                    ``(II) an agricultural expert, as 
                                determined by the Secretary.''.
    (b) Risk-Reduction-Based Discounts.--Section 508(d) of the Federal 
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(d)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Risk-reduction-based discount.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Effective beginning with the 
                2021 reinsurance year, the Corporation may provide a 
                risk-reduction-based premium discount for a producer of 
                an agricultural commodity who uses risk-reduction 
                farming practices, as determined by the Corporation.
                    ``(B) Risk-reduction farming practices.-- For 
                purposes of subparagraph (A), risk-reduction farming 
                practices may include the following:
                            ``(i) The use of cover crops.
                            ``(ii) Resource-conserving crop rotations.
                            ``(iii) Management-intensive rotational 
                        grazing.
                            ``(iv) Composting.
                            ``(v) Other risk-reducing and soil health 
                        promoting farming practices as determined by 
                        the Corporation.''.
    (c) Crop Production on Native Sod Applicability.--
            (1) Amendment.--Section 508(o) of the Federal Crop 
        Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(o)) is amended by striking 
        paragraph (3).
            (2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) 
        shall take effect on the first day of the first reinsurance 
        year beginning at least 1 year after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act.

SEC. 302. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY INCENTIVES PROGRAM.

    (a) Purposes.--Section 1240 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3839aa) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``and environmental quality'' and inserting ``environmental 
        quality, and climate change adaptation and mitigation'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by striking the semicolon 
                at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) greenhouse gas emissions reduction and carbon 
                sequestration;'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)(C), by inserting ``reducing greenhouse 
        gas emissions and'' before ``conserving energy''; and
            (4) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``climate change and'' 
        before ``increasing weather volatility''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 1240A(6)(B) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-1(6)(B)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (v), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (2) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
            (3) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) greenhouse gas emissions reduction 
                        planning; and''.
    (c) Establishment and Administration of Environmental Quality 
Incentives Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--Section 1240B(a) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(a)) is amended by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2030''.
            (2) Payments.--Section 1240B(d)(7)(A) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(d)(7)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) in clause (iii), by striking ``; or'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in clause (iv), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(v) increases carbon sequestration or 
                        reduces greenhouse gas emissions.''.
            (3) Allocation of funding.--Section 1240B(f) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(f)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``2023'' each place is appears and 
                inserting ``2030''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``including 
                grazing management'' and inserting ``of which not less 
                than two thirds shall be targeted at practices relating 
                to grazing management''.
            (4) Payments for conservation practices related to organic 
        production.--Section 1240B(i) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(i)) is amended by striking paragraph (3) 
        and redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs (3) and 
        (4), respectively.
            (5) Conservation incentive contracts.--Section 1240B(j)(1) 
        of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-2(j)(1)) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Climate change adaptation and mitigation.--
                For the purposes of this subsection, priority resource 
                concerns include climate change adaptation and 
                mitigation.''.
    (d) Environmental Quality Incentives Plan.--Section 1240E(a)(3) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-5(a)(3)) is amended by 
inserting ``, and a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan'' after 
``if applicable''.
    (e) Limitation on Payments.--Section 1240G of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-7) is amended by striking ``Not including 
payments made under section 1240B(j), a person or legal entity may not 
receive, directly or indirectly, cost-share or incentive payments under 
this subchapter that, in aggregate, exceed $450,000 for all contracts 
entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity during 
the period of fiscal years 2014 through 2018, or the period of fiscal 
years 2019 through 2023'' and inserting ``A person or legal entity 
(including a joint venture and a general partnership) may not receive, 
directly or indirectly, cost-share or incentive payments under this 
subchapter that, in aggregate, exceed $450,000 for all contracts 
entered into under this subchapter by the person or legal entity during 
any 5-fiscal-year period''.
    (f) Conservation Innovation Grants.--
            (1) Air quality concerns from agricultural operations.--
        Section 1240H(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
        3839aa-8(b)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and to meet 
                Federal, State, and local goals with respect to 
                greenhouse gas emissions reductions'' after ``local 
                regulatory requirements''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2019 through 
                2023'' and inserting ``2019 and 2020, and $50,000,000 
                for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030''.
            (2) On-farm conservation innovation trials.--Section 
        1240H(c)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
        8(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``2019 through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``2019 and 2020, $50,000,000 of the funds made 
        available to carry out this subchapter for each of fiscal years 
        2021 through 2023, and $100,000,000 of the funds made available 
        to carry out this subchapter for each of fiscal years 2024 
        through 2030''.

SEC. 303. CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1240I(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``enhancements,'' 
        after ``practices,''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B)(v), by inserting ``and climate 
        change'' before the period at the end.
    (b) Conservation Stewardship Program.--Section 1240J(a) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-22(a)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2030''; and
            (2) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) by maintaining, actively managing, and, where 
        possible, improving upon existing conservation activities; and
            ``(2) by undertaking additional conservation activities.''.
    (c) Stewardship Contracts.--
            (1) Submission of contract offers.--Section 1240K(a)(2)(B) 
        of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(a)(2)(B)) 
        is amended by striking ``improving, maintaining, and managing'' 
        and inserting ``maintaining, actively managing, and, where 
        possible, improving''.
            (2) Evaluation of contract offers.--Section 1240K(b)(3) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(b)(3)) is 
        amended by striking ``that national, State, and local priority 
        resource concerns are effectively addressed'' and inserting 
        ``that the program effectively targets improvements to soil 
        health, increases in carbon sequestration, and reductions in 
        greenhouse gas emissions''.
            (3) Contract renewal.--Section 1240K(e)(3) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-23(e)(3)) is amended to 
        read as follows:
            ``(3) agrees, by the end of the contract period, to meet 
        the stewardship threshold of at least 2 additional priority 
        resource concerns on the agricultural operation, if 
        applicable.''.
    (d) Duties of the Secretary.--
            (1) Climate change adaptation and mitigation.--Section 
        1240L(a)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
        24(a)(2)) is amended by inserting ``(which may include climate 
        change adaptation and mitigation)'' after ``priority resource 
        concerns''.
            (2) Conservation stewardship payments.--Section 1240L(c) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(c)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``improving, 
                maintaining, and managing'' and inserting 
                ``maintaining, actively managing, and improving''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(E), by inserting ``, actively 
                managed, and, where applicable, improved'' after 
                ``maintained''.
            (3) Payment limitations.--Section 1240L(f) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-24(f)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``fiscal years 2019 through 2023'' 
                and inserting ``any consecutive 5-year period''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``(including joint ventures and 
                general partnerships)'' before the period at the end.
    (e) On-Farm Conservation Stewardship Innovation Grants.--Subchapter 
B of chapter 4 of subtitle D of subtitle D of title XII of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21 et seq.) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

``SEC. 1240L-2. ON-FARM CONSERVATION STEWARDSHIP INNOVATION GRANTS.

    ``(a) Definition.--In this section, the term `agricultural 
professional' means university researchers and educators, including 
extension agents and specialists, Federal agency field staff, 
agricultural consultants, State and local agency staff, tribal agency 
staff, Federally-Recognized Tribes Extension Program agents, and 
nonprofit organization staff assisting farmers and ranchers at the 
local level.
    ``(b) Grants.--Out of the funds made available to carry out this 
chapter, the Secretary may pay the cost of competitive grants that are 
intended to stimulate innovative approaches on farms and ranches to 
leverage Federal investment in conservation stewardship, in conjunction 
with agricultural production or forest resource management, through the 
program.
    ``(c) Participants.--The Secretary shall carry out on-farm 
conservation innovation projects on eligible land of program 
participants--
            ``(1) directly with producers participating in the program; 
        or
            ``(2) through partnerships between agricultural 
        professionals and small groups of program participants.
    ``(d) Use.--The Secretary may provide grants directly or through 
partnerships under this section to agricultural operations enrolled in 
the program, or groups of such operations, on a competitive basis, to 
carry out projects that--
            ``(1) facilitate on-farm research and demonstration or 
        pilot testing of new technologies or innovative conservation 
        systems and practices that aim to reduce greenhouse gas 
        emissions and decarbonize agriculture;
            ``(2) facilitate on-farm research and demonstration or 
        pilot testing of practices and systems with proven high impact 
        for greenhouse gas emissions reduction and decarbonization with 
        low national or regional adoption rates; or
            ``(3) help prepare program participants for participation 
        in environmental services markets that have as a primary goal 
        greenhouse gas emissions reduction or decarbonization of 
        agriculture.
    ``(e) Incentive Payments.--
            ``(1) Agreements.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Secretary shall enter into agreements with producers (either 
        directly or through governmental or non-governmental 
        organizations involved in a partnership) on whose land an on-
        farm conservation innovation trial is being carried out to 
        provide payments to the producers to assist with adopting and 
        evaluating new or innovative conservation approaches to achieve 
        conservation benefits. Payments shall reflect the direct costs 
        of the research and demonstration and compensation for foregone 
        income, as appropriate to address the increased economic risk 
        or lower economic return potentially associated with the 
        innovative conservation approach.
            ``(2) Adjusted gross income requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Adjusted gross income 
                requirements under section 1001D(b)(1) shall--
                            ``(i) apply to producers receiving payments 
                        under this subsection; and
                            ``(ii) be enforced by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Reporting.--A governmental or non-
                governmental organization participating in an on-farm 
                conservation stewardship innovation partnership project 
                under this subsection shall report annually to the 
                Secretary on the amount of payments made to individual 
                farm operations under this subsection.
            ``(3) Research, technical assistance, and administrative 
        expenses.--The Secretary may provide partnerships under this 
        section with up to $50,000 per project for research, technical 
        assistance, and administrative expenses.
            ``(4) Length of agreements.--An agreement entered into 
        under paragraph (1) shall be for a period determined by the 
        Secretary that is--
                    ``(A) not less than 2 years; and
                    ``(B) if appropriate, more than 2 years, including 
                if such a period is appropriate to support--
                            ``(i) adaptive management over multiple 
                        crop years; and
                            ``(ii) adequate data collection and 
                        analysis by a producer or partnership to report 
                        the natural resource and agricultural 
                        production benefits of the new or innovative 
                        conservation approaches to the Secretary.''.

SEC. 304. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

    Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 1240S. STATE ASSISTANCE FOR SOIL HEALTH.

    ``(a) Availability and Purpose of Grants.--Using funds made 
available under subsection (l), the Secretary shall make grants to 
States or tribal governments for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030 
to be used by State departments of agriculture or appropriate tribal 
authorities to improve soil health on agricultural lands.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this section, a State legislature or tribal government shall 
        have enacted and be currently funding a State or tribal soil 
        health program for agricultural land. A State department of 
        agriculture or tribal government may then prepare and submit, 
        for approval by the Secretary, an application at such time, and 
        in such a manner, and containing such information as the 
        Secretary shall require, including an assurance that grant 
        funds received under this section shall supplement the 
        expenditure of State or tribal funds in support of soil health 
        in that State, rather than replace State or tribal funds.
            ``(2) Components.--A State or tribal soil health program 
        may include--
                    ``(A) technical assistance;
                    ``(B) financial assistance;
                    ``(C) on-farm research and demonstration;
                    ``(D) education, outreach, and training;
                    ``(E) monitoring and evaluation; or
                    ``(F) such other components as the Secretary deems 
                appropriate.
    ``(c) Tribal Option.--At the sole discretion of a tribal 
government, an Indian tribe or tribal organization shall have the 
option of being incorporated into a State application rather than 
submitting its own application.
    ``(d) Grant Amount.--
            ``(1) Maximum.--The maximum grant any one State or tribe 
        may receive under this section for a fiscal year shall be 
        $5,000,000.
            ``(2) Federal share.--The grant amount to a State or tribe 
        shall not exceed--
                    ``(A) 50 percent of the State expenditure for its 
                soil health program; or
                    ``(B) 75 percent of the tribal expenditure for its 
                soil health program.
    ``(e) Grant Term.--A grant under this section shall be for one year 
and may be renewed annually.
    ``(f) Priority.--The Secretary shall give priority to States or 
tribes with a climate action plan that includes soil health, as 
determined by the Secretary.
    ``(g) Performance Measures and Evaluation.--
            ``(1) Performance measures.--Each application under 
        subsection (b) shall include performance measures to be used to 
        evaluate the State or tribal program and the results of the 
        assistance received under this section.
            ``(2) Review.--The State department of agriculture or the 
        tribal authority shall submit a review and evaluation of its 
        program to the Secretary at such intervals as the Secretary 
        shall establish.
    ``(h) Review of Application.--In reviewing an application submitted 
under subsection (b), the Secretary shall ensure the State or tribal 
program is properly focused on soil health improvement, is broadly 
consistent with the soil health principles of the Natural Resources 
Conservation Service, and is meeting or exceeding its performance 
measures.
    ``(i) Effect of Noncompliance.--If the Secretary, after reasonable 
notice to a State or tribe, finds that there has been a failure by the 
State or tribe to comply with the terms of a grant made under this 
section, the Secretary may disqualify, for one or more years, the State 
or tribe from receipt of future grants under this section.
    ``(j) Audit Requirement.--For each year that a State or tribe 
receives a grant under this section, the State or tribe shall conduct 
an audit of the expenditures of grant funds by the State or tribe and 
shall submit a copy of the audit to the Secretary within 30 days of its 
completion.
    ``(k) Administration.--
            ``(1) Department.--The Secretary may not use more than 3 
        percent of the funds made available to carry out this section 
        for a fiscal year for administrative expenses.
            ``(2) States or tribes.--A State or tribe receiving a grant 
        under this section may not use more than 7 percent of the funds 
        received under the grant for a fiscal year for administrative 
        expenses.
    ``(l) Funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, 
the Secretary shall make grants under this section using--
            ``(1) $60,000,000 for fiscal years 2021 through 2023;
            ``(2) $80,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 through 2026; and
            ``(3) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal 
        year thereafter.''.

SEC. 305. FUNDING AND ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) Commodity Credit Corporation.--
            (1) Annual funding.--Section 1241(a) of the Food Security 
        Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``For each of fiscal years 2014 through 2023, 
                the Secretary'' and inserting ``The Secretary'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, 
                        and $17,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 
                        2024 through 2030,'' after ``2023''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting 
                        ``and $70,000,000 for the period of fiscal 
                        years 2024 through 2030, including not more 
                        than $5,000,000 to provide outreach and 
                        technical assistance,'' after ``technical 
                        assistance,'';
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking 
                        ``2023.'' and inserting ``2021; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) $700,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
                through 2030.''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in clause (iv), by striking ``; 
                                and'' and inserting a semicolon; and
                                    (II) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(vi) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 
                        through 2030; and''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (iii), by striking 
                                ``$750,000,000'' and inserting 
                                ``$2,000,000,000'';
                                    (II) in clause (iv), by striking 
                                ``$800,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
                                and'' and inserting ``$2,500,000,000 
                                for fiscal year 2022;'';
                                    (III) in clause (v), by striking 
                                ``$1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 
                                2023.'' and inserting ``$3,000,000,000 
                                for fiscal year 2023; and''; and
                                    (IV) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(vi) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 
                        through 2030.''.
            (2) Availability of funds.--Section 1241(b) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(b)) is amended by striking 
        ``2023'' and inserting ``2030''.
            (3) Technical assistance.--Section 1241(c) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(c)) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following:
            ``(5) Special initiative.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Beginning in fiscal year 2021 
                and every year thereafter through fiscal year 2030, the 
                Secretary shall use for a special technical assistance 
                initiative to assist producers in mitigating and 
                adapting to climate change, from the Commodity Credit 
                Corporation, an amount equal to not less than 1 percent 
                of Commodity Credit Corporation funds made available 
                for a fiscal year for each of the programs specified in 
                subsection (a).
                    ``(B) Provision of technical assistance.--The 
                Secretary shall provide technical assistance under this 
                special initiative to producers--
                            ``(i) directly;
                            ``(ii) through an agreement with a third-
                        party provider (as defined in section 1242), 
                        or, at the option of the producer, through a 
                        payment, as determined by the Secretary, to the 
                        producer for a third-party provider approved 
                        under section 1242, if available; or
                            ``(iii) through a cooperative agreement or 
                        contract with--
                                    ``(I) a cooperative extension;
                                    ``(II) a non-governmental 
                                organization; or
                                    ``(III) a State, tribal, or Federal 
                                agency.''.
            (4) Assistance to certain farmers or ranchers for 
        conservation access.--Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act 
        of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``to the 
                maximum extent practicable'' and all that follows 
                through the period at the end and inserting ``to the 
                maximum extent practicable, 30 percent to assist 
                beginning farmers or ranchers and socially 
                disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2023'' and 
                inserting ``2030''.
    (b) Administrative Requirements for Conservation Programs.--
            (1) Incentives for certain farmers and ranchers and indian 
        tribes.--Section 1244(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3844(a)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) to establish a new generation of producers 
                who use the full array of climate-friendly conservation 
                activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 
                increase soil carbon, and improve resilience to weather 
                extremes; and
                    ``(C) to enhance other long-term environmental 
                goals.''.
            (2) Review and guidance for practice costs and payment 
        rates.--Section 1244(j)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
        (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)(B)) is amended--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) accelerates progress in meeting the 
                        goals established under title I of the 
                        Agriculture Resilience Act.''.
            (3) Advanced grazing management.--Section 1244 of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following:
    ``(q) Advanced Grazing Management.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out any conservation program 
        administered by the Secretary, the Secretary shall encourage 
        advanced grazing management, including management-intensive 
        rotational grazing, as such terms are defined in section 
        1240L(d).
            ``(2) Reservation of funds.--In each of fiscal years 2021 
        through 2030, the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        subsection not less than two thirds of any funds available for 
        activities related to livestock production under conservation 
        programs administered by the Secretary under this title (other 
        than the conservation reserve program established under 
        subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, except for acres 
        enrolled under section 1231(d)(2)).''.
    (c) Environmental Services Markets.--Section 1245 of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3845) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(f) Soil Health and Greenhouse Gas Federal Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 6 months after the 
        date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall 
        establish an advisory committee, to be known as the Soil Health 
        and Greenhouse Gas Federal Advisory Committee.
            ``(2) Membership.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall appoint members to the advisory committee that 
        reflect diversity in gender, age, race, and geography and 
        include--
                    ``(A) farmers and ranchers, including those 
                operating small and mid-sized farms;
                    ``(B) organizations representing farmers and 
                ranchers, including those representing small and mid-
                sized farms;
                    ``(C) scientists;
                    ``(D) environmental nonprofit organizations;
                    ``(E) existing private sector carbon and ecosystem 
                services market development initiatives;
                    ``(F) businesses working to reduce greenhouse gas 
                emissions from agriculture in their supply chains;
                    ``(G) relevant Federal agencies;
                    ``(H) youth engaged in the agriculture or food 
                sector;
                    ``(I) tribal communities; and
                    ``(J) State agriculture agencies.
            ``(3) Terms.--
                    ``(A) Term length.--The term of a member of the 
                advisory committee shall be 2 years.
                    ``(B) Reappointment.--The Secretary may reappoint a 
                member for not more than 2 consecutive terms.
            ``(4) Meetings.--The advisory committee shall meet at least 
        4 times in the first year after it is established, and at least 
        twice annually thereafter.
            ``(5) Recommendations.--Not later than 12 months after the 
        date on which the advisory committee is established, and 
        periodically thereafter, the advisory committee shall submit to 
        the Secretary recommendations on--
                    ``(A) the feasibility of establishing reliable 
                outcomes-based measurement systems, as described in 
                subsection (g);
                    ``(B) existing technology that provides reliable 
                measurement data;
                    ``(C) for those parameters for which existing 
                technology does not provide reliable measurement data, 
                research and technical needs and, as appropriate, goals 
                and plans for such research;
                    ``(D) standards for data collection and 
                dissemination;
                    ``(E) farmer data management and privacy;
                    ``(F) greenhouse gas emissions and soil health 
                inventories and databases, as described in subsection 
                (h); and
                    ``(G) criteria for soil health and greenhouse gas 
                emissions reductions payments and environmental 
                markets, as described in subsection (i).
    ``(g) Measurement System.--
            ``(1) Purpose.--The Secretary shall evaluate existing 
        outcomes-based measurement systems for recordkeeping, modeling, 
        and measurement of farm-level greenhouse gas emissions and soil 
        carbon sequestration, including measures of soil disturbance, 
        plant diversity, continual living cover, residue management, 
        advanced grazing management, and crop-livestock integration, to 
        determine which such systems can be implemented quickly, 
        improve in accuracy and ease over time, use the best available 
        science and technology, and are cost-effective.
            ``(2) Guidance.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall issue 
        guidance on the outcomes-based measurement system evaluated 
        under paragraph (1), based on recommendations from the advisory 
        committee under subsection (f), and information from 
        agroecosystem models (including COMET Farm and COMET Farm 
        Planner), remote sensing data and analysis (including the 
        Operational Tillage Information System), soil health 
        demonstration trials carried out under section 1240H(c)(7), 
        existing and emerging public and private environmental services 
        protocols, measurement systems, and benchmarks, and field-level 
        measurement.
            ``(3) Review.--The Secretary, based on recommendations from 
        the advisory committee established under subsection (f), 
        shall--
                    ``(A) establish and maintain such an outcomes-based 
                measurement system when feasible;
                    ``(B) conduct periodic review of such system, and 
                any necessary updates; and
                    ``(C) establish research and development goals and 
                plans as needed.
    ``(h) Inventory.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
        of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years thereafter, 
        the Secretary, in consultation with the advisory committee 
        established under subsection (f) and the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a nationwide 
        soil health and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions inventory 
        that uses the best available science and data to establish 
        expected average performance for soil carbon drawdown and 
        storage and greenhouse gas emissions reduction by primary 
        production type and production region.
            ``(2) Database.--The Secretary shall create an accessible 
        and interoperable database for the information collected 
        through the inventory conducted under paragraph (1), and shall 
        improve and update such database at least once every two years 
        as new data is collected.
    ``(i) Criteria.--The Secretary, in consultation with the advisory 
committee established under subsection (f), shall establish criteria 
for payments, credits, or other forms of incentives to inform policy 
and markets established to promote soil carbon sequestration or 
greenhouse gas emissions reductions. The criteria shall--
            ``(1) have a documented likelihood to lead to long-term net 
        increases in soil carbon sequestration and net reductions in 
        greenhouse gas emissions, according to the best available 
        science;
            ``(2) be based in part on environmental impact modeling of 
        the changes of shifting from baseline agricultural practices to 
        new or improved agricultural practices; and
            ``(3) be designed to prevent the degradation of other 
        natural resource or environmental conditions.
    ``(j) Demonstration Trials.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall periodically review 
        the results from soil health demonstration trials carried out 
        under section 1240H(c)(7), and other similar public and private 
        demonstration trials the Secretary determines appropriate, to 
        inform the activities under subsections (g), (h), and (i).
            ``(2) Recommendations.--In submitting reports pursuant to 
        section 1240H(c)(7)(C), the Secretary shall include any 
        recommendations to Congress for changes or additions to the 
        conservation programs under this Act the Secretary determines 
        appropriate to accelerate net increases in soil carbon 
        sequestration and other improvements in soil health.''.

SEC. 306. CARBON TAX CREDIT FEASIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of the Treasury (``the Secretary''), in 
coordination with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall conduct a study 
of the feasibility of developing a credit against tax to incentivize 
carbon capture on farms and ranches.
    (b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 
report that describes the results of the study in subsection (a), 
including whether or not to proceed with a tax credit and, if so, 
detailed recommendations for--
            (1) which taxpayers should be eligible for the credit;
            (2) methods for measuring (if feasible) or estimating 
        baseline soil carbon conditions on a farm or ranch;
            (3) methods for measuring (if feasible) or estimating the 
        amount of soil carbon sequestered or abated on a farm or ranch;
            (4) incentivizing early adoption of carbon capture 
        practices;
            (5) the number of years a taxpayer should be eligible for 
        the credit;
            (6) establishing rules for recapture in instances in which 
        carbon capture ceases or carbon is not retained in soil;
            (7) establishing rules for recapture if ownership of land 
        is transferred;
            (8) setting the dollar value of the tax credit;
            (9) setting phase outs for tax credit eligibility;
            (10) establishing certification requirements for carbon 
        capture;
            (11) establishing rules for attributing the credit to a 
        taxpayer;
            (12) establishing rules for carrying over unused credits; 
        and
            (13) such other provisions as the Secretary determines 
        necessary.

SEC. 307. CONSERVATION COMPLIANCE.

    (a) Definitions.--
            (1) Conservation plan.--Section 1201(a)(3) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(3)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``highly erodible'' each place it 
                appears; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and 
                conservation treatment measures'' and inserting ``crop 
                rotation and cover crop systems, and other relevant 
                conservation treatment measures''.
            (2) Conservation system.--Section 1201(a)(4) of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``or a substantial 
                        improvement in soil conditions on a field or 
                        group of fields containing highly erodible 
                        cropland'' and inserting ``and a substantial 
                        improvement in soil health conditions 
                        (including soil carbon levels) on a field or 
                        group of fields containing cropland''; and
                            (ii) by striking the period at the end and 
                        inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) are designed to achieve, within five years of 
                actively applying a conservation plan, a level of 
                erosion not to exceed twice the soil loss tolerance 
                level; and
                    ``(D) are designed to effectively prevent the 
                formation of new, or treat all existing, ephemeral 
                gullies.''.
            (3) Highly erodible land.--Section 1201(a)(11)(A)(ii) of 
        the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(11)(A)(ii)) is 
        amended by striking ``excessive average annual rate of erosion 
        in relation to'' and inserting ``average annual rate of erosion 
        exceeding twice''.
    (b) Cropland Conservation.--
            (1) Program ineligibility.--Section 1211 of the Food 
        Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3811) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                        by striking ``produces an agricultural 
                        commodity on a field on which highly erodible 
                        land is predominant, or designates land on 
                        which highly erodible land is predominant to be 
                        set aside, diverted, devoted to conservation 
                        uses, or otherwise not cultivated under a 
                        program administered by the Secretary to reduce 
                        production of an agricultural commodity, as 
                        determined by the Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``carries out an activity described in 
                        subsection (b), as determined by the 
                        Secretary,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (1)(D), by inserting 
                        ``cropland or'' before ``highly erodible 
                        land''; and
                    (B) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(b) Activities Described.--Activities described in this 
subsection are--
            ``(1) the production of an agricultural commodity on a 
        field on which highly erodible land is predominant;
            ``(2) the designation of land on which highly erodible land 
        cropland is predominant to be set aside, diverted, devoted to 
        conservation uses, or otherwise not cultivated under a program 
        administered by the Secretary to reduce production of an 
        agricultural commodity; and
            ``(3) the production of an agricultural commodity without 
        having in place a conservation plan.
    ``(c) Authority of Secretary.--The Secretary shall have, and shall 
not delegate to any private person or entity, authority to determine 
whether a person has complied with this subtitle.''.
            (2) Exemptions.--Section 1212 of the Food Security Act of 
        1985 (16 U.S.C. 3812) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``only be 
                required to apply a conservation plan established under 
                this subtitle. The person shall not be required to meet 
                a higher conservation standard than'' and inserting 
                ``be required to apply a conservation plan established 
                under this subtitle consistent with''; and
                    (B) in subsection (f)(4)(A)--
                            (i) in clause (i), by striking ``highly 
                        erodible''; and
                            (ii) in clause (ii)(II), by inserting ``and 
                        soil health'' after ``erosion control''.
            (3) Conforming amendment.--Subtitle B of title XII of the 
        Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3810 et seq.) is amended 
        in the subtitle heading by striking ``Highly Erodible Land'' 
        and inserting ``Cropland''.

SEC. 308. AGROFORESTRY CENTERS.

    Section 1243 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act 
of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 1642 note; Public Law 101-624) is amended--
            (1) by amending the section heading to read as follows: 
        ``national and regional agroforestry centers'';
            (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) National and Regional Agroforestry Centers.--The Secretary of 
Agriculture shall establish at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the 
United States Forest Service, in Lincoln, Nebraska, a Semiarid 
Agroforestry Research, Development, and Demonstration Center, and 
acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and in cooperation with 
the Natural Resources Conservation Service, shall establish three 
additional regional agroforestry centers at other locations to be 
determined by the Secretary (referred to in this section as the 
`Centers'). The Secretary shall appoint a National Director and three 
Regional Directors to manage and coordinate the program established 
under subsection (b).'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``Center'' and inserting ``Centers'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``on semiarid 
                lands that'' and inserting ``that build soil health 
                and'';
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking ``in semiarid regions''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Great Plains 
                        region'' and inserting ``particular regions'';
                    (D) in paragraph (7), by striking ``on semiarid 
                lands'';
                    (E) in paragraph (8), by striking ``on semiarid 
                lands worldwide'' and inserting ``worldwide, including 
                on semiarid lands''; and
                    (F) in paragraph (9)--
                            (i) by striking ``on semiarid lands''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``and climate change'' 
                        after ``pollution'';
            (4) in subsection (c), in the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``Center'' and inserting ``Centers''; and
            (5) in subsection (d), by striking ``through 2023'' and 
        inserting ``and 2020 and $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal 
        years 2021 through 2030''.

           TITLE IV--FARMLAND PRESERVATION AND FARM VIABILITY

SEC. 401. LOCAL AGRICULTURE MARKET PROGRAM.

    Section 210A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 
1627c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(12)--
                    (A) by redesignating clauses (iv) and (v) as 
                clauses (vi) and (vii), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after clause (iii) the following:
                            ``(iv) is produced and marketed in a manner 
                        that significantly improves soil health and 
                        carbon sequestration;
                            ``(v) when added to the crop rotation on a 
                        farm, will significantly improve soil health 
                        and carbon sequestration;'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``; 
                        and'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``, including 
                        value-added agricultural products from crops 
                        that when added into crop rotations on a farm 
                        will significantly improve soil health and 
                        carbon sequestration; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) markets for agricultural commodities and 
                products produced in a manner that significantly 
                improve soil health and carbon sequestration.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``and local'' and inserting 
                        ``, local''; and
                            (ii) by inserting before the semicolon at 
                        the end the following: ``, and production and 
                        marketing approaches to significantly improve 
                        soil health and carbon sequestration'';
                    (C) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (D) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph 
                (7); and
                    (E) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
            ``(6) enhances the economic viability of producers and 
        related agricultural enterprises; and'';
            (3) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``and'' at the end;
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by adding 
                                ``and'' at the end; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following:
                            ``(iii) agricultural commodities and 
                        products that are produced and marketed in a 
                        manner that significantly improve soil health 
                        and carbon sequestration, or that when added to 
                        a crop rotation on a farm will significantly 
                        improve soil health and carbon 
                        sequestration;''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and 
                        value-added agricultural products in new and 
                        existing markets'' and inserting the following: 
                        ``, value-added agricultural products in new 
                        and existing markets, and agricultural 
                        commodities and products that are produced in a 
                        manner that enhances soil health and carbon 
                        sequestration, or that when added to a crop 
                        rotation on a farm will significantly improve 
                        soil health and carbon sequestration'';
                    (B) in paragraph (5)(A), by inserting before the 
                period at the end the following: ``and the Chief of the 
                Natural Resources Conservation Service'';
            (4) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as 
        subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j), respectively;
            (5) by inserting after subsection (e) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(f) Farm Viability and Local Climate Resiliency Centers.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, acting through the 
        Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service and in 
        coordination with Administrator of the Rural Business-
        Cooperative Service and the Chief of the Natural Resources 
        Conservation Service, shall provide grants to eligible entities 
        described in paragraph (2) to serve as farm viability and local 
        climate resiliency centers (referred to in this section as 
        `centers') to support efforts to enhance farm viability, and 
        the development, coordination, and expansion of markets for 
        commodities and farm products that significantly improve soil 
        health and carbon sequestration.
            ``(2) Eligible entities.--An entity is eligible to receive 
        a grant under this subsection if the entity is--
                    ``(A) an agricultural cooperative or other 
                agricultural business entity or a producer network or 
                association;
                    ``(B) a local, State or Tribal government;
                    ``(C) a nonprofit corporation;
                    ``(D) a public benefit corporation;
                    ``(E) an economic development corporation;
                    ``(F) an institution of higher education; or
                    ``(G) such other entity as the Secretary may 
                designate.
            ``(3) Use of funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant 
        under this subsection may use grant funds to provide to 
        entities described in (d)(5)(B)--
                    ``(A) assistance for the development of business 
                plans and feasibility studies;
                    ``(B) assistance in developing marketing strategies 
                for--
                            ``(i) local products; and
                            ``(ii) value-added agriculture products in 
                        new and existing markets;
                    ``(C) assistance in enterprise development for the 
                processing, aggregation, distribution, and storage of--
                            ``(i) local and regional food products that 
                        are marketed locally or regionally; and
                            ``(ii) value-added agricultural products;
                    ``(D) assistance related to financial and 
                recordkeeping;
                    ``(E) assistance related to enterprise and business 
                management;
                    ``(F) assistance related to ownership succession 
                planning;
                    ``(G) outreach and assistance in the adoption of 
                farming practices that enhance soil health and carbon 
                sequestration;
                    ``(H) outreach regarding assistance available under 
                subsection (d);
                    ``(I) outreach regarding assistance available 
                through other programs administers by any other Federal 
                Agency that supports the adoption of farming practices 
                that enhance soil health and carbon sequestration; or
                    ``(J) at the request of such an eligible entity, 
                provide assistance in applying for a grant under 
                subsection (d), including acting on behalf of such a 
                producer in applying for a grant under subsection (d).
            ``(4) Geographic diversity.--To the maximum extent 
        practicable, the Secretary shall ensure geographic diversity in 
        selecting entities to receive a grant under this subsection.
            ``(5) Non-federal share.--An entity receiving a grant under 
        this subsection shall provide funding in an amount equal to not 
        less than 25 percent of the total amount of the Federal portion 
        of the grant.
            ``(6) Applications.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a 
                grant under this subsection an eligible entity shall 
                submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in 
                such manner, and containing such information as the 
                Secretary considers necessary to evaluate and select 
                applications.
                    ``(B) Competitive process.--The Secretary--
                            ``(i) shall conduct a competitive process 
                        to select applications submitted under 
                        subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) may assess and rank applications 
                        with similar proposals as a group; and
                            ``(iii) shall, prior to accepting 
                        applications under such subparagraph, make 
                        public the criteria to be used in evaluating 
                        such applications.
            ``(7) Priority.--The Secretary may give priority to 
        applications submitted under paragraph (1) that include--
                    ``(A) plans to use funds for 3 or more of purposes 
                specified in paragraph (3); or
                    ``(B) activities related to improving the 
                utilization and expanded adoption of farming practices 
                that enhance soil health and carbon sequestration while 
                simultaneously improving farm viability.
            ``(8) Administrative expenses.--An entity receiving a grant 
        under paragraph (1) may use not more than 4 percent of funds 
        received through the grant for administrative expenses.'';
            (6) in subsection (i)(1) (as redesignated by paragraph 
        (4)), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
        ``subsection (i)(3)(E)'' and inserting ``subsection 
        (j)(3)(E)''; and
            (7) in subsection (j) (as redesignated by paragraph (4))--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``fiscal year 
                2019'' and inserting ``each of fiscal years 2019 and 
                2020 and $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 
                        ``35'' and inserting ``36''; and
                            (ii) by amending subparagraph (B) to read 
                        as follows:
                    ``(B) Farmers' market and local food promotion 
                grants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Of the funds made 
                        available to carry out this section for a 
                        fiscal year, 47 percent shall be used for 
                        grants under subsection (d)(6).
                            ``(ii) Allocation among subprograms.--Of 
                        the funds reserved under clause (i) for a 
                        fiscal year--
                                    ``(I) 40 percent shall be made 
                                available for farmers market promotion 
                                program grants; and
                                    ``(II) 60 percent shall be made 
                                available for local food promotion 
                                program grants.'';
                    (C) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as 
                subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; and
                    (D) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
                following:
                    ``(D) Farm viability and local climate 
                resiliency.--Of the funds made available to carry out 
                this section for a fiscal year, 10 percent shall be 
                used to provide grants under subsection (f).''.

SEC. 402. ORGANIC CERTIFICATION COST-SHARE PROGRAM.

    Section 10606(b)(2) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act 
of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``$750'' and 
inserting ``$1,000''.

SEC. 403. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF CERTAIN FARM PROPERTY AND 
              AGRICULTURAL EASEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding after section 121 
the following new sections:

``SEC. 121A. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF QUALIFIED FARM PROPERTY.

    ``(a) Exclusion.--Gross income shall not include gain from the sale 
or exchange of qualified farm property if such property is sold to or 
exchanged with a transferee who--
            ``(1) is a qualified farmer, and
            ``(2) meets the certification requirement of subsection 
        (c).
    ``(b) Limitation.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount of gain excluded from gross 
        income under subsection (a) with respect to any taxable year 
        shall not exceed the excess, if any of--
                    ``(A) $500,000 ($1,000,000 in the case of a joint 
                return), over
                    ``(B) the amount excluded from the gross income of 
                the taxpayer for all prior taxable years.
            ``(2) Special rule for joint returns.--The amount of the 
        exclusion under subsection (a) on a joint return for any 
        taxable year shall be allocated equally between the spouses for 
        purposes of applying the limitation under paragraph (1) for any 
        succeeding taxable year.
    ``(c) Certification Requirement.--A qualified farmer meets the 
certification requirement of this subsection if such person signs a 
written certification stating the following:
            ``(1) Use certification as farm for farming purposes.--The 
        use of such property will be as a farm for farming purposes at 
        all times during the recapture period.
            ``(2) Recapture agreement.--The transferee has been 
        notified of the recapture liability arising from a disposition 
        or change in the use of such property at any time during the 
        recapture period.
    ``(d) Treatment of Disposition or Change in Use of Property.--
            ``(1) In general.--If there is a recapture event during the 
        recapture period with respect to any qualified farm property, 
        then the tax imposed under this chapter on the transferee 
        referred to in subsection (a) for the taxable year which 
        includes the first such recapture event shall be increased by 
        the amount excluded from the product of--
                    ``(A) the transferor's gross income under 
                subsection (a) with respect to such qualified farm 
                property, multiplied by
                    ``(B) the rate of tax in effect under section 
                (1)(h)(1)(D).
            ``(2) Recapture event defined.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `recapture event' means, with respect to 
        any qualified farm property--
                    ``(A) Cessation of operation.--The cessation of the 
                operation of such property as a farm for farming 
                purposes at any time in the recapture period.
                    ``(B) Failure to materially participate.--The 
                failure of a qualified farmer to materially participate 
                in the operation of the farm at any time during the 
                recapture period.
                    ``(C) Change in ownership.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), the disposition of any interest in 
                        such property by the transferee referred to in 
                        subsection (a) during the recapture period.
                            ``(ii) Agreement to assume recapture 
                        liability.--Clause (i) shall not apply to any 
                        farm property if the person acquiring the 
                        interest referred to in such clause agrees in 
                        writing to assume the recapture liability of 
                        the person disposing of such interest. In the 
                        event of such an assumption, this subsection 
                        shall apply to the person acquiring such 
                        interest as though such person were the 
                        transferee referred to therein (and this 
                        subsection shall be applied as if there had 
                        been no change in ownership).
            ``(3) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) No credits against tax.--Any increase in tax 
                under this subsection shall not be treated as a tax 
                imposed by this chapter for purposes of determining the 
                amount of any credit under subpart A, B, or D of this 
                part.
                    ``(B) No recapture by reason of hardship.--The 
                increase in tax under this subsection shall not apply 
                to any disposition of property or cessation of the 
                operation of any property as a farm for farming 
                purposes if such disposition or cessation occurs by 
                reason of any hardship.
    ``(e) Special Rules.--For purposes of this section, rules similar 
to the rules of subsections (e) and (f) of section 121 shall apply.
    ``(f) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Qualified farmer.--The term `qualified farmer' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a beginning farmer, socially disadvantaged 
                farmer, qualified veteran farmer, young farmer, or
                    ``(B) any entity if 50 percent or more of the 
                capital and profits of such entity are owned by one or 
                more individuals described in paragraph (A).
            ``(2) Beginning farmer.--The term `beginning farmer' means 
        an individual that--
                    ``(A) has not operated a farm, or
                    ``(B) has operated a farm for not more than 10 
                years.
            ``(3) Socially disadvantaged farmer.--The term `socially 
        disadvantaged farmer' means an individual who is a member of 
        one or more of the following groups:
                    ``(A) American Indians.
                    ``(B) Alaska Natives.
                    ``(C) Asians.
                    ``(D) Blacks or African Americans.
                    ``(E) Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders.
                    ``(F) Hispanics.
                    ``(G) Women.
            ``(4) Qualified veteran farmer.--The term `qualified 
        veteran farmer' means an individual who--
                    ``(A) first obtained status as a veteran (as 
                defined in section 101(2) of title 38 United States 
                Code) in the most recent 10-year period, and
                    ``(B) has not operated a farm for more than 10 
                years.
            ``(5) Young farmer.--The term `young farmer' means an 
        individual who has not attained age 46 as of the date of the 
        sale or transfer referred to in subsection (a).
            ``(6) Qualified farm property.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `qualified farm 
                property' means real property located in the United 
                States if--
                            ``(i) during the 5-year period ending on 
                        the date of the sale or exchange referred to in 
                        subsection (a), such property has been used by 
                        the taxpayer or a member of the family of the 
                        taxpayer as a farm for farming purposes for 
                        periods aggregating 3 years or more, and
                            ``(ii) there was material participation by 
                        the taxpayer or a member of the family of the 
                        taxpayer in the operation of the farm during 
                        such 3 years.
                    ``(B) Special rule for qualified farm property held 
                by an entity.--For purposes of this section, if the 
                taxpayer referred to in paragraph (A) is other than an 
                individual and all of the capital and profits interests 
                of such entity are held by members of a single family, 
                then such members shall be treated as members of the 
                family of such taxpayer.
            ``(7) Recapture period.--The term `recapture period' means 
        the 10-year period following the sale or exchange of qualified 
        farm property described in subsection (a).
            ``(8) Other definitions.--The terms `member of the family', 
        `farm', `farming purposes', and `material participation' have 
        the respective meanings given such terms in section 2032A(e).

``SEC. 121B. EXCLUSION OF GAIN FROM SALE OF AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION 
              EASEMENT.

    ``(a) Exclusion.--Gross income shall not include gain from the sale 
or exchange of an agricultural conservation easement.
    ``(b) Limitation.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount of gain excluded from gross 
        income under subsection (a) with respect to any taxable year 
        shall not exceed the excess, if any of--
                    ``(A) $500,000 ($1,000,000 in the case of a joint 
                return), over
                    ``(B) the amount excluded from the gross income of 
                the taxpayer for all prior taxable years.
            ``(2) Special rule for joint returns.--The amount of the 
        exclusion under subsection (a) on a joint return for any 
        taxable year shall be allocated equally between the spouses for 
        purposes of applying the limitation under paragraph (1) for any 
        succeeding taxable year.
    ``(c) Agricultural Conservation Easement Defined.--The term 
`agricultural conservation easement' means an easement or conservation-
related restriction on agricultural land (granted in perpetuity) that--
            ``(1) is conveyed for the purpose of protecting natural 
        resources and the agricultural nature of the land, and
            ``(2) permits the landowner the right to continue 
        agricultural production and related uses.
    ``(d) Special Rules.--For purposes of this section, rules similar 
to the rules of subsections (e) and (f) of section 121 shall apply.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of 
subchapter B of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended by adding after the item relating to section 121 the following 
new items:

``121A. Exclusion of gain from sale of qualified farm property.
``121B. Exclusion of gain from sale of agricultural conservation 
                            easement.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to any sale or exchange in taxable years ending after December 
31, 2020.

SEC. 404. FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY ACT.

    (a) Findings, Purpose, and Definitions.--Section 1540 of the 
Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 4201) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (7) as 
                paragraphs (5) through (8), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) the Nation's farmland is a vital source of 
        environmental services, such as carbon sequestration;'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``tribal,'' after 
        ``State,''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``that 
                        is used for'' and inserting ``that is suitable 
                        for''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting 
                        ``and is suitable'' after ``local importance'';
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) the term `conversion' means--
                    ``(A) the physical conversion of farmland to a 
                nonagricultural use;
                    ``(B) the effective conversion of farmland as a 
                consequence of physical conversion of adjacent 
                farmland, which threatens the continued viability of 
                the land for agricultural use; or
                    ``(C) a change in management of federally owned 
                land historically used for agriculture to a non-
                agricultural use;
            ``(7) the term `farmland of national significance' is 
        farmland that is the most suitable for intensive crop and food 
        production, as determined by the Secretary, taking into 
        consideration, among other factors, its physical and chemical 
        characteristics; and
            ``(8) the term `permanently protected farmland' means 
        farmland encumbered by a conservation easement held by the 
        Federal government, by a State, tribal, or local unit of 
        government, or by a land conservation organization, that is 
        perpetual or the maximum number of years allowed by State 
        law.''.
    (b) Farmland Protection Policy.--Section 1541 of the Agriculture 
and Food Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 4202) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 1541. FARMLAND PROTECTION POLICY.

    ``(a) In General.--It is the policy of the United States that 
Federal programs--
            ``(1) shall minimize the conversion of farmland to 
        nonagricultural uses; and
            ``(2) shall not convert to nonagricultural uses farmland--
                    ``(A) that is permanently protected farmland;
                    ``(B) that has been defined and delineated by the 
                Secretary under subsection (b) as farmland of national 
                significance; or
                    ``(C) that has been defined and delineated by a 
                State as significant to the State or a priority for 
                inclusion in a State farmland protection program and 
                for which the State has submitted a description under 
                subsection (b).
    ``(b) Definition and Delineation of Land.--
            ``(1) National significance.--The Secretary shall define 
        and delineate farmland of national significance, and shall 
        convene a group of experts, including agronomists and soil 
        scientists, to assist in such definition and delineation.
            ``(2) State significance.--Any State wishing to have land 
        recognized under subsection (a)(2)(C) shall provide a 
        definition and delineation of such lands to the Secretary.
    ``(c) Process and Criteria.--
            ``(1) Process and criteria.--The Secretary shall develop a 
        process, including criteria--
                    ``(A) to--
                            ``(i) determine the potential conversion of 
                        farmland as a consequence of any action or 
                        activity conducted through a Federal program;
                            ``(ii) minimize the conversion of farmland 
                        or, for land identified under subsection 
                        (a)(2), avoid conversion; and
                            ``(iii) provide notice regarding such 
                        actions to the Secretary; and
                    ``(B) that the Secretary shall use to make 
                determinations under subsection (d).
            ``(2) Use required.--Each department, agency, independent 
        commission, and other unit of the Federal Government shall use 
        the process and criteria developed under paragraph (1) in 
        carrying out a Federal program.
    ``(d) Exemption.--Subsection (a)(2) shall not apply if the 
Secretary determines, based on the process and criteria developed under 
subsection (c), that converting farmland to nonagricultural uses cannot 
be avoided. In instances where the Secretary makes such a 
determination, the Federal program shall minimize the conversion of 
land described in subsection (a)(2) to the maximum extent practicable.
    ``(e) Information.--The Secretary may make available to States, 
units of local government, individuals, organizations, and other units 
of the Federal Government information--
            ``(1) useful in restoring, maintaining, and improving the 
        quantity and quality of farmland; and
            ``(2) concerning the location of permanently protected 
        farmland.
    ``(f) Assistance.--The Secretary shall provide assistance to 
departments, agencies, independent commissions, and other units of the 
Federal Government, upon request, in using the process and criteria 
developed under subsection (c).''.

SEC. 405. AGRICULTURE CONSERVATION EASEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 1265B of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3865b) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (4)(C)(iv), by striking ``only''; 
                and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Condition of assistance.--As a condition of receiving 
        cost-share assistance under this section, the owner of eligible 
        land must agree to have in place a conservation plan that 
        addresses applicable resource concerns for the land subject to 
        the easement, including soil health and greenhouse gas 
        emissions reduction, not later than three years following the 
        grant of the easement. The requirement of this subparagraph may 
        be satisfied by having in place a conservation plan developed 
        or recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary may provide technical 
assistance, if requested, to assist in--
            ``(1) compliance with the terms and conditions of 
        easements; and
            ``(2) development and implementation of a conservation plan 
        required under subsection (b)(6), including, as applicable, a 
        conservation plan for highly erodible land required under 
        subsection (b)(4)(C)(iv) or a comprehensive conservation plan 
        developed pursuant to subsection (e)(1).
    ``(e) Financial Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Enrollment in csp.--At the sole option of the 
                owner of the land subject to the easement, the 
                Secretary shall provide for the automatic enrollment of 
                the land subject to the easement in the conservation 
                stewardship program established by subchapter B of 
                chapter 4 of subtitle D, including financial assistance 
                for the development of a comprehensive conservation 
                plan as provided by 1240L(e), if the person or entity 
                farming the land is otherwise eligible for the program, 
                as determined by the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Determination of compliance.--Determining 
                compliance with the terms of the conservation 
                stewardship program contract is the sole responsibility 
                of the Secretary.
                    ``(C) Funding.--Funding received by an eligible 
                entity pursuant to this paragraph shall not be 
                considered in the calculation of costs under subsection 
                (b).
            ``(2) Timing.--The owner of the land subject to the 
        easement shall have up to three years after the grant of the 
        easement to exercise the option to enroll in the conservation 
        stewardship program as provided under subparagraph (A).''.

                    TITLE V--PASTURE-BASED LIVESTOCK

SEC. 501. ANIMAL RAISING CLAIMS.

    The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

                  ``Subtitle H--Animal Raising Claims

``SEC. 298. REQUIRED VERIFICATION PROCESS FOR ANIMAL RAISING CLAIMS.

    ``(a) In General.--In order to facilitate marketing, truth in 
labeling, and new economic opportunities for producers and businesses 
using animal raising claims, the Secretary, acting through the 
Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service in coordination 
with the Administrator of the Food Safety and Inspection Service, shall 
establish, not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of 
this subtitle and in a manner consistent with United States obligations 
under international agreements--
            ``(1) mandatory standards with respect to animal raising 
        claims that may be made on the labeling of any meat food 
        products or poultry product;
            ``(2) procedures to verify any such claims prior to the use 
        in commerce of any meat food product or poultry product bearing 
        labeling with such a claim;
            ``(3) procedures whereby any such verification is 
        subsequently incorporated seamlessly with labeling requirements 
        under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) 
        and the Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et 
        seq.); and
            ``(4) on-farm and supply chain auditing and verification 
        procedures for ensuring the truthfulness of such claims.
    ``(b) Standards.--In developing and approving animal raising claim 
standards under subsection (a), the Secretary shall include standards 
relating to--
            ``(1) diet claims, including grass-fed, vegetarian-fed, and 
        fed no animal byproducts;
            ``(2) living and raising condition claims, including but 
        not limited to cage free, free range, and pasture raised;
            ``(3) antibiotic and hormone claims, including but not 
        limited to raised without antibiotics, no hormones added (beef 
        cattle, sheep), and raised without growth promotants;
            ``(4) source claims demonstrating the animal can be traced 
        back to its farm of origin from birth to slaughter;
            ``(5) age claims;
            ``(6) animal welfare claims;
            ``(7) environmental stewardship claims, including 
        greenhouse gas reduction and carbon sequestration claims;
            ``(8) breed claims; and
            ``(9) any other such claim as the Secretary determines is 
        appropriate.
    ``(c) Third-Party Certification.--A producer of a meat food product 
or a poultry product may use an animal raising claim that is verified 
by a third party so long as--
            ``(1) the claim is made consistent with standards 
        established by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a); and
            ``(2) the procedures used by such third party for purposes 
        of that verification and any subsequent auditing are equivalent 
        (as determined by the Secretary) to the procedures used by the 
        Secretary for that verification and auditing.
    ``(d) Approval Process.--To the maximum extent practicable, the 
Secretary shall require that a producer seeking to make an animal 
raising claim, submit to the Secretary prior to using the product that 
is the subject of such animal raising claim the following documentation 
to support such claim--
            ``(1) detailed written descriptions explaining the controls 
        used for ensuring that the raising claim is valid from birth to 
        harvest or the period of raising being referenced by the claim;
            ``(2) a signed and dated document describing how the 
        animals are raised to support that specific claim made is 
        truthful and not misleading;
            ``(3) a written description of the product tracing and 
        segregation mechanism from time of slaughter or further 
        processing through packaging and distribution;
            ``(4) a written description for the identification, 
        control, and segregation of non-conforming animals or products; 
        and
            ``(5) if a third party certifies a claim, a current copy of 
        the certificate.
    ``(e) Effect on Other Laws.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to alter the authority of the Secretary under the Federal 
Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) or the Poultry Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et. seq.).
    ``(f) Consistency With Other Laws.--The Secretary shall ensure 
consistency between the animal raising claims standards established 
pursuant to subsection (a) and the Organic Food Production Act of 1990 
(7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq.) and any rules or regulations implementing that 
Act.
    ``(g) Compliance Requirements.--Beginning on the date that is three 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act--
            ``(1) in the case of a domestic meat food product or 
        poultry product--
                    ``(A) a person may sell or label a meat food 
                product or poultry product with an animal raising label 
                claim only if such products is produced and handled in 
                accordance with the standards established pursuant to 
                subsection (a); and
                    ``(B) no person may sell or label a meat food 
                product or poultry product with an animal raising label 
                claim that is not in compliance with such standards; 
                and
            ``(2) in the case of an imported meat food product or 
        poultry product, such a product may be sold or labeled with 
        animal raising label claims if the Secretary determines such 
        product has been produced and handled under a verification 
        program that provides safeguards and guidelines that are at 
        least equivalent to the requirements of the standards 
        established pursuant to subsection (a).
    ``(h) Violation of This Title.--
            ``(1) Misuse of label.--Any person who, after notice and an 
        opportunity to be heard, is found by the Secretary to have 
        knowingly sold or labeled any meat food product or poultry 
        product with an animal raising claim, except in accordance with 
        this subtitle, shall be assessed a civil penalty of not more 
        than $10,000.
            ``(2) False statement.--Any person who after notice and an 
        opportunity to be heard, has been found by the Secretary to 
        makes a false, fraudulent, or fictitious statement to the 
        Secretary, a governing Federal or State official, or a third-
        party certifier, or conceals, covers up, falsifies, or deceives 
        a material fact to the Secretary, a governing Federal or State 
        official, or a third-party certifier with respect to an animal 
        raising claim subject to the requirements of this subtitle 
        shall be subject to a penalty specified in section 1001 of 
        title 18, United States Code.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this subtitle such sums as may be necessary.

``SEC. 299. APPLICABILITY.

    ``This subtitle shall only apply to meat food products and poultry 
products that are subject to labeling requirements under the Federal 
Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the Poultry Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.).

``SEC. 300. DEFINITIONS.

    ``In this subtitle:
            ``(1) The term `animal raising claim' means a statement on 
        the labeling of meat food products or poultry products used in 
        interstate commerce that reference the way that the source 
        animal for a meat food product or poultry product was raised, 
        including production practices that were used, such as living 
        or raising conditions, the breed, or the location or source of 
        where the product is born, raised, and processed.
            ``(2) The term `meat food product' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 1(j) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act 
        (21 U.S.C. 601(j)).
            ``(3) The term `poultry product' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 4(f) of the Poultry Products Inspection Act (7 
        U.S.C. 453(f)).''.

SEC. 502. GRANTS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF COMPLIANCE COSTS FOR VERY SMALL 
              PROCESSORS OF MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS AND POULTRY PRODUCTS.

    (a) Meat Food Products.--Title V of the Federal Meat Inspection Act 
(21 U.S.C. 683 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section:

``SEC. 502. GRANTS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF COMPLIANCE COSTS FOR VERY SMALL 
              PROCESSORS.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a grant program 
to provide competitive grants to eligible establishments to assist such 
establishments in making adjustments to the facilities, equipment, 
processes, and operations of such establishments to meet the 
requirements of this Act. The Secretary may carry out such program with 
any agency within the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary 
determines is appropriate.
    ``(b) Eligible Establishments.--An establishment is eligible to 
receive a grant under this section if such establishment is--
            ``(1) subject to Federal or State inspection under this 
        Act; and
            ``(2)(A) has fewer than 10 employees; or
            ``(B) has annual gross sales of less than $2,500,000.
    ``(c) Use of Funds.--An establishment receiving a grant under this 
section shall use the funds made available through such grant to 
cover--
            ``(1) the cost of developing and issuing (other than the 
        cost of labor), directly incurred or incurred by a consultant, 
        a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan for the 
        establishment; and
            ``(2) the actual costs of any adjustments to facilities, 
        equipment, processes, and operations necessary for the 
        establishment to comply with this Act.
    ``(d) Amount of Grant.--The total amount of funds provided to a 
recipient of a grant under this section shall not exceed $50,000.
    ``(e) Federal Share.--Funds provided under a grant under this 
section shall not exceed 50 percent of the costs referred to in 
subsection (c), as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(f) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
        through 2030.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
        $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.''.
    (b) Poultry Products.--The Poultry Products Inspection Act (7 
U.S.C. 451 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 25 (7 U.S.C. 
468) the following:

     ``grants for reimbursement of compliance costs for very small 
                               processors

    ``Sec. 25A. 
    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish a grant program 
to provide competitive grants to eligible establishments to assist such 
establishments in making adjustments to the facilities, equipment, 
processes, and operations of such establishments to meet the 
requirements of this Act. The Secretary may carry out such program with 
any agency within the Department of Agriculture that the Secretary 
determines is appropriate.
    ``(b) Eligible Establishments.--An establishment is eligible to 
receive a grant under this section if such establishment is--
            ``(1) subject to Federal or State inspection under this 
        Act; and
            ``(2)(A) has fewer than 10 employees; or
            ``(B) has annual gross sales of less than $2,500,000.
    ``(c) Use of Funds.--An establishment receiving a grant under this 
section shall use the funds made available through such grant to 
cover--
            ``(1) the cost of developing and issuing (other than the 
        cost of labor), directly incurred or incurred by a consultant, 
        a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points plan for the 
        establishment; and
            ``(2) the actual costs of any adjustments to facilities, 
        equipment, processes, and operations necessary for the 
        establishment to comply with this Act.
    ``(d) Amount of Grant.--The total amount of funds provided to a 
recipient of a grant under this section shall not exceed $50,000.
    ``(e) Federal Share.--Funds provided under a grant under this 
section shall not exceed 50 percent of the costs referred to in 
subsection (c), as determined by the Secretary.
    ``(f) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry 
        out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 
        through 2030.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 
        $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.''.

SEC. 503. CONSERVATION OF PRIVATE GRAZING LAND.

    (a) Purpose.--Section 1240M(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 
U.S.C. 3839bb(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``conserving water and'' 
        before ``improving'';
            (2) in paragraph (7), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (3) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) conserving and improving soil health and improving 
        grazing system resilience in the face of climate change through 
        advanced grazing management practices; and
            ``(10) providing support for producers transitioning from 
        confinement and feedlot systems or continuous grazing to 
        managed grazing-based systems, including support for pasture 
        development and management.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 1240M(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``hay land'' and 
inserting ``perennial hay land, including silvopasture''.
    (c) Private Grazing Land Conservation Assistance.--Section 1240M(c) 
of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                inserting ``and partnerships described in paragraph 
                (2)(B)'' after ``local conservation districts'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``grazing land 
                management technologies'' and inserting ``regionally 
                appropriate, advanced grazing land management 
                technologies to improve soil health and maximize carbon 
                sequestration'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C)(iv), by inserting ``through 
                integrated strategies that include rotational and 
                multispecies grazing, integrated pest management, and 
                other ecological practices'' after ``brush encroachment 
                problems'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (E) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) assisting producers in transitioning from 
                confinement or feedlot systems or continuous grazing to 
                managed grazing-based systems, including assistance in 
                pasture development and management.''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Program elements.--
                    ``(A) Technical assistance and education.--
                Personnel of the Department trained in pasture and 
                range management shall be made available under the 
                program to deliver and coordinate technical assistance 
                and education to owners and managers of private grazing 
                land, including owners and managers interested in 
                developing new or improved pasture or grazing-based 
                systems on their land, at the request of the owners and 
                managers.
                    ``(B) Partnerships.--In carrying out the program 
                under this section, the Secretary shall provide 
                research, demonstration, education (including 
                conferences, workshops, field days, and trainings), 
                workforce training, planning, and outreach activities 
                through partnerships with--
                            ``(i) land-grant colleges and universities 
                        (as defined in section 1404 of the National 
                        Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
                        Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103));
                            ``(ii) nongovernmental organizations; and
                            ``(iii) tribal organizations.
                    ``(C) Grants.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In carrying out the 
                        program under this section, the Secretary shall 
                        provide funds on a competitive basis to 
                        partnerships to use for State or local action 
                        grants to conduct grazing land research, 
                        demonstration, education, workforce training, 
                        planning, and outreach projects.
                            ``(ii) Duration.--Grants made by 
                        partnerships under this section shall be for a 
                        period not to exceed 3 years.
                            ``(iii) Cost sharing.--A partnership that 
                        receives funding under this section shall 
                        ensure that any funded project provides, from 
                        non-Federal sources, funds or in-kind support 
                        valued at not less than 25 percent of the total 
                        cost of the project.
                            ``(iv) Limitation on indirect costs.--A 
                        partnership that receives funding under this 
                        section may not use more than 15 percent of the 
                        total cost of the project for the indirect 
                        costs of carrying out the project.
                            ``(v) Priority.--Priority shall be given to 
                        projects that--
                                    ``(I) focus on sustainable grazing 
                                management systems and techniques that 
                                assist producers with multiple 
                                ecosystem services, including climate 
                                change adaptation and mitigation; and
                                    ``(II) involve beginning farmers 
                                and ranchers, tribal producers, or new 
                                graziers (including State or federally 
                                registered apprenticeships).''.
    (d) Grazing Technical Assistance Self-Help.--Section 1240M(d) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting ``and for those 
        interested in beginning grazing'' before the semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``may establish 2'' and 
        inserting ``may establish''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3)(C)--
                    (A) in clause (ii), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) by redesignating clause (iii) as clause (iv); 
                and
                    (C) by inserting after clause (ii) the following:
                            ``(iii) will improve climate change 
                        adaptation and mitigation; and''.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1240M(e) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb(e)) is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(e) Funding.--
            ``(1) Mandatory funding.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this 
        section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2030.
            ``(2) Grants.--Of the funds made available under paragraph 
        (1), the Secretary shall use not more than 40 percent to carry 
        out subsection (c)(2)(C).
            ``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this section $60,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2002 through 2030.''.

SEC. 504. CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM.

    (a) Conservation Reserve.--Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) fiscal years 2024 through 2030, not more than 
                32,000,000 acres.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                    (A) in clause (i), by striking ``; and'' and 
                inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) in clause (ii)(III), by striking the period and 
                inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) the Secretary shall enroll and 
                        maintain in the conservation reserve not fewer 
                        than 7,000,000 acres of land described in 
                        subsection (b)(3) by September 30, 2030, of 
                        which 5,000,000 acres shall be reserved for the 
                        pilot program established under section 
                        1231C(c).''.
    (b) Pilot Programs.--Section 1231C of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3831c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Grasslands 30.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Enrollment.--The Secretary shall establish a 
                pilot program to enroll land in the conservation 
                reserve program through a 30-year conservation reserve 
                contract (referred to in this subsection as a 
                `Grassland 30 contract') in accordance with this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Inclusion of acreage limitation.--For 
                purposes of applying the limitations in section 
                1231(d)(1), the Secretary shall include acres of land 
                enrolled under this subsection.
            ``(2) Eligible land.--Eligible land for enrollment through 
        a Grassland 30 contract--
                    ``(A) is land that is eligible to be enrolled in 
                the conservation reserve program under the grasslands 
                initiative described in section 1231(d)(2); and
                    ``(B) shall not be limited to land that is subject 
                to an expired covered contract.
            ``(3) Expired conservation contract election.--
                    ``(A) Definition of covered contract.--In this 
                paragraph, the term `covered contract' means a contract 
                entered into under this subchapter that--
                            ``(i) expires on or after the date of 
                        enactment of this subsection; and
                            ``(ii) covers land enrolled in the 
                        conservation reserve program under the 
                        grasslands initiative described in section 
                        1231(d)(2).
                    ``(B) Election.--On the expiration of a covered 
                contract, an owner or operator party to the covered 
                contract shall elect--
                            ``(i) not to reenroll the land under the 
                        contract;
                            ``(ii) to offer to reenroll the land under 
                        the contract if the land remains eligible under 
                        the terms in effect as of the date of 
                        expiration; or
                            ``(iii) not to reenroll the land under the 
                        contract and to enroll that land through a 
                        Grassland 30 contract under this subsection.
            ``(4) Term.--The term of a Grassland 30 contract shall be 
        30 years.
            ``(5) Agreements.--To be eligible to enroll land in the 
        conservation reserve program through a Grassland 30 contract, 
        the owner of the land shall enter into an agreement with the 
        Secretary--
                    ``(A) to implement a conservation reserve plan 
                developed for the land;
                    ``(B) to comply with the terms and conditions of 
                the contract and any related agreements; and
                    ``(C) to temporarily suspend the base history for 
                the land covered by the contract.
            ``(6) Terms and conditions of grassland 30 contracts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A Grassland 30 contract shall 
                include terms and conditions that promote sustainable 
                grazing systems, protect and enhance soil carbon 
                levels, and are compatible with wildlife habitat 
                conservation, as determined by the Secretary, and may 
                include any additional provision that the Secretary 
                determines is appropriate to carry out this subsection 
                or facilitate the practical administration of this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Violation.--On the violation of a term or 
                condition of a Grassland 30 contract, the Secretary may 
                require the owner to refund all or part of any payments 
                received by the owner under the conservation reserve 
                program, with interest on the payments, as determined 
                appropriate by the Secretary.
                    ``(C) Compatible uses.--Land subject to a Grassland 
                30 contract may be used for compatible economic uses, 
                including hunting and fishing, if the use--
                            ``(i) is specifically permitted by the 
                        conservation reserve plan developed for the 
                        land; and
                            ``(ii) is consistent with the long-term 
                        protection and enhancement of the conservation 
                        resources for which the contract was 
                        established.
            ``(7) Compensation.--
                    ``(A) Amount of payments.--The Secretary shall 
                provide payment under this subsection to an owner of 
                land enrolled through a Grassland 30 contract using 30 
                annual payments in an amount equal to the amount that 
                would be used if the land were to be enrolled in the 
                conservation reserve program under section 1231(d)(2).
                    ``(B) Form of payment.--Compensation for a 
                Grassland 30 contract shall be provided by the 
                Secretary in the form of a cash payment in an amount 
                determined under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Timing.--The Secretary shall provide any 
                annual payment obligation under subparagraph (A) as 
                early as practicable in each fiscal year.
                    ``(D) Payments to others.--The Secretary shall make 
                a payment, in accordance with regulations prescribed by 
                the Secretary, in a manner as the Secretary determines 
                is fair and reasonable under the circumstances, if an 
                owner who is entitled to a payment under this section--
                            ``(i) dies;
                            ``(ii) becomes incompetent;
                            ``(iii) is succeeded by another person or 
                        entity who renders or completes the required 
                        performance; or
                            ``(iv) is otherwise unable to receive the 
                        payment.
            ``(8) Technical assistance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall assist 
                owners in complying with the terms and conditions of a 
                Grassland 30 contract.
                    ``(B) Contracts or agreements.--The Secretary may 
                enter into 1 or more contracts with private entities or 
                agreements with a State, nongovernmental organization, 
                or Indian Tribe to carry out necessary maintenance of a 
                Grassland 30 contract if the Secretary determines that 
                the contract or agreement will advance the purposes of 
                the conservation reserve program.
            ``(9) Administration.--
                    ``(A) Conservation reserve plan.--The Secretary 
                shall develop a conservation reserve plan for any land 
                subject to a Grassland 30 contract, which shall include 
                practices and activities necessary to maintain, 
                protect, and enhance the conservation value of the 
                enrolled land, including the protection and enhancement 
                of soil carbon levels.
                    ``(B) Delegation of contract administration.--
                            ``(i) Federal, state, tribal, or local 
                        government agencies.--The Secretary may 
                        delegate any of the management, monitoring, and 
                        enforcement responsibilities of the Secretary 
                        under this subsection to other Federal, State, 
                        Tribal, or local government agencies that have 
                        the appropriate authority, expertise, and 
                        resources necessary to carry out those 
                        delegated responsibilities.
                            ``(ii) Conservation organizations.--The 
                        Secretary may delegate any management 
                        responsibilities of the Secretary under this 
                        subsection to conservation organizations if the 
                        Secretary determines the conservation 
                        organization has similar expertise and 
                        resources.''.

SEC. 505. ALTERNATIVE MANURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.

    Chapter 5 of subtitle D of title XII of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``SEC. 1240T. ALTERNATIVE MANURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Pasture-based management.--The term `pasture-based 
        management' means a dairy or livestock production system in 
        which the animals spend all or a substantial portion of their 
        time grazing on fields in which some or all of the manure is 
        deposited and left in the field and decomposes aerobically.
            ``(2) Non-digester dairy or livestock methane management 
        method.--The term `non-digester dairy or livestock methane 
        management method' means a method that may be used by operators 
        of dairy or livestock operations to transition from wet manure 
        handling and storage, where anaerobic conditions are present, 
        to dry manure handling and storage, including open solar drying 
        or composting of manure onsite, conversion of dairy and 
        livestock operations to pasture-based management, solid 
        separation technologies, scrape conversion, and other 
        strategies to mitigate methane emissions from manure 
        management, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(3) Onsite open solar drying or composting of manure.--
        The term `onsite open solar drying or composting of manure' 
        means the collection, storage, and drying of dairy or livestock 
        manure in a nonliquid environment on a farm or ranch.
            ``(4) Scrape conversion.--The term `scrape conversion' 
        means the conversion of flush water lagoon systems to solid-
        scrape or dry manure management practices, including vacuum 
        technologies for manure management.
            ``(5) Solid separation technologies.--The term `solid 
        separation technologies' means technologies designed to 
        separate liquid components of manure from mineral and organic 
        solid components, for the purposes of reducing methane 
        emissions.
            ``(6) Eligible producer.--The term `eligible producer' 
        means a dairy or livestock producer whose baseline manure 
        management practices prior to enrollment in the program include 
        the anaerobic decomposition of volatile solids stored in a 
        lagoon or other predominantly liquid anaerobic environment.
    ``(b) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an alternative 
manure management program to support non-digester dairy and livestock 
methane management strategies to effectively reduce greenhouse gas 
emissions and to maximize environmental benefits.
    ``(c) Payments.--During the 2021 through 2030 fiscal years, the 
Secretary shall provide payments to eligible producers that enter into 
contracts with the Secretary under the program.
    ``(d) Practices.--Each eligible producer requesting funding for a 
project under the program shall include at least one of the following 
project components that reduce baseline methane emissions on the 
operation of the producer:
            ``(1) Conversion of dairy and livestock operations to 
        pasture-based management that eliminates or reduces the 
        quantity of manure stored in anaerobic conditions, including--
                    ``(A) conversion of a non-pasture dairy or 
                livestock operation to pasture-based management;
                    ``(B) increasing the amount of time livestock spend 
                at pasture at an existing pasture operation; or
                    ``(C) improving pasture-based management, including 
                transitioning to managed rotational grazing.
            ``(2) Alternative manure treatment and storage practices, 
        including--
                    ``(A) installation of a compost bedded pack barn 
                that composts manure;
                    ``(B) installation of slatted floor pit storage 
                manure collection that must be cleaned out at least 
                monthly; or
                    ``(C) other similar practices, as determined by the 
                Secretary.
            ``(3) Conversion to a solid separation system in which 
        manure solids are separated prior to entry into a wet, 
        anaerobic environment at a dairy or livestock operation, or 
        installation of a new solid separation system with 
        significantly higher separation efficiency than the existing 
        solid separation system, in conjunction with one or more of the 
        following practices:
                    ``(A) Open solar drying or composting of manure 
                onsite.
                    ``(B) Solar drying in an enclosed environment.
                    ``(C) Forced evaporation with natural-gas fueled 
                dryers.
                    ``(D) Storage of manure in unconfined piles or 
                stacks.
                    ``(E) Composting in an enclosed vessel, with forced 
                aeration and continuous mixing.
                    ``(F) Composting in piles with forced aeration but 
                no mixing.
                    ``(G) Composting in intensive windrows with regular 
                turning for mixing and aeration.
                    ``(H) Composting in passive windrows with 
                infrequent turning for mixing and aeration.
            ``(4) Scrape conversion in conjunction with one of the 
        practices listed in paragraph (3).
    ``(e) Term.--A contract under the program shall have a term that 
does not exceed 3 years.
    ``(f) Payments.--
            ``(1) Availability of payments.--Payments provided to an 
        eligible producer under this section may be used to implement 
        one or more practices described in subsection (d).
            ``(2) Payment amounts.--The Secretary may provide a payment 
        to an eligible producer under the program for an amount that is 
        up to 100 percent of the costs associated with planning, 
        design, materials, equipment, installation, labor, management, 
        maintenance, and training related to implementing a practice 
        described in subsection (d).
            ``(3) Limitation on payments.--A person or legal entity 
        (including a joint venture and a general partnership) may not 
        receive, directly or indirectly, payments under the program 
        that exceed $750,000 during any 5-year period.
            ``(4) Advanced payments.--The Secretary shall provide at 
        least 50 percent of the amount of total payments to an eligible 
        producer in advance for all costs related to purchasing 
        materials and equipment or contracting.
    ``(g) Modification or Termination of Contracts.--
            ``(1) Voluntary modification or termination.--The Secretary 
        may modify or terminate a contract entered into with an 
        eligible producer under the program if--
                    ``(A) the producer agrees to the modification or 
                termination; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines that the 
                modification or termination is in the public interest.
            ``(2) Involuntary termination.--The Secretary may terminate 
        a contract under the program if the Secretary determines that 
        the eligible producer violated the contract.
    ``(h) Cluster Applications.--The Secretary shall establish 
procedures under which--
            ``(1) groups of eligible producers may submit a joint 
        application in order to facilitate centralized composting 
        facilities; and
            ``(2) the Secretary will apportion payments to each 
        eligible producer associated with such a joint application.
    ``(i) Evaluation of Applications.--
            ``(1) Evaluation criteria.--The Secretary shall develop 
        criteria for evaluating applications that will ensure that the 
        purposes of the program are fulfilled in a cost effective 
        manner and in a manner that will maximize greenhouse gas 
        emissions reductions and overall environmental benefits.
            ``(2) Grouping of applications.--The Secretary may group 
        and evaluate applications relative to other applications for 
        similar farming operations.
    ``(j) Duties of Producers.--To receive payments under the program, 
an eligible producer shall agree--
            ``(1) to implement an alternative manure management program 
        plan that describes the greenhouse gas emissions reductions and 
        other environmental benefits to be achieved through 1 or more 
        practices that are approved by the Secretary;
            ``(2) to supply information as required by the Secretary to 
        determine compliance with the program plan and requirements of 
        the program; and
            ``(3) to comply with such additional provisions as the 
        Secretary determines are necessary to carry out the program 
        plan.
    ``(k) Duties of the Secretary.--The Secretary shall--
            ``(1) determine and publish factors for estimating the 
        emissions reductions for each program practice to aid eligible 
        producers in development of applications and program plans; and
            ``(2) assist an eligible producer in achieving the 
        greenhouse gas emissions reduction and other environmental 
        goals of the program plan by--
                    ``(A) providing payments for developing and 
                implementing 1 or more practices, as appropriate; and
                    ``(B) providing the producer with information, 
                technical assistance, and training to aid in 
                implementation of the plan.
    ``(l) Funding.--The Secretary shall use the funds, facilities, and 
authorities of the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out the 
program (including the provision of technical assistance) using, to the 
maximum extent practicable, $1,500,000,000 for the period of fiscal 
years 2021 through 2030.''.

                   TITLE VI--ON-FARM RENEWABLE ENERGY

SEC. 601. RURAL ENERGY FOR AMERICA PROGRAM.

    Section 9007 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 
(7 U.S.C. 8106) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``and renewable energy development'' and 
                inserting ``, renewable energy development, and the 
                reduction of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide 
                equivalent emissions''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and renewable 
                energy systems'' and inserting ``, renewable energy 
                systems, and carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide 
                equivalent gas emissions reductions'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                        subparagraph (G); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
                        the following:
                    ``(E) a nonprofit corporation;
                    ``(F) an agricultural cooperative or producer 
                group; and'';
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(D), by inserting before the 
                semicolon at the end the following: ``, including 
                carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions 
                reductions''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``, agricultural 
                        processors,'' after ``agricultural producers'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iv) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) assisting in the development of feasibility 
                studies and plans for implementing recommendations 
                provided under subparagraph (B).'';
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by inserting ``, 
                agricultural processors,'' after ``agricultural 
                producers'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (F) and 
                        (G) as subparagraphs (G) and (H), respectively; 
                        and
                            (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
                        the following:
                    ``(F) carbon accounting assessments developed under 
                subsection (d);'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``25'' and 
                inserting ``50'';
                    (D) in paragraph (4), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(F) Pre-approved technologies.--In order to 
                streamline the adoption of renewable energy systems and 
                the adoption of energy efficiency improvements, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) beginning with fiscal year 2021, 
                        develop a pre-approved technologies and 
                        products list and streamlined application 
                        process for projects utilizing pre-approved 
                        products; and
                            ``(ii) update such list every 2 fiscal 
                        years.''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Priority.--In making grants or loan guarantees under 
        this subsection, priority shall be provided to proposed 
        projects that utilize technologies--
                    ``(A) with the lowest carbon footprint; or
                    ``(B) that the Secretary determines would result in 
                the largest net decreases of carbon dioxide and carbon 
                dioxide equivalent emissions as determined through the 
                carbon accounting assessments under subsection (d).'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting ``and 
                Technical Assistance'' after ``Outreach'';
                    (B) by striking ``The Secretary shall'' and 
                inserting ``Using funds made available under subsection 
                (h)(4), the Secretary shall''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``and technical assistance'' after 
                ``outreach'';
            (5) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), and (f) as 
        subsections (f), (g), and (h), respectively;
            (6) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Carbon Accounting.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall work with 
        the National Renewable Energy Laboratory established pursuant 
        to section 10 of the Solar Energy Research, Development, and 
        Demonstration Act of 1974 to develop carbon accounting 
        estimates for renewable energy systems and energy efficiency 
        upgrades (including a pre-approved technologies list and 
        reserve fund technologies), supported through assistance 
        provided under this section.
            ``(2) Program guidance.--The results of the carbon 
        accounting assessments shall be used to guide program actions 
        as much as possible in order to achieve the purpose specified 
        in subsection (a).
    ``(e) Demonstration Practice.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall hold regional 
        demonstration projects that incentivize agricultural producers 
        to reduce the carbon footprint or overall carbon equivalent 
        emissions of such producers to the largest extent possible 
        through the use of both energy efficiency improvements and 
        renewable energy systems.
            ``(2) Extension.--The Secretary shall promote the results 
        of the regional demonstration projects carried out under 
        paragraph (1).''; and
            (7) in subsection (h) (as redesignated by paragraph (5))--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking subparagraphs (A) 
                through (E) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 
                through 2020;
                    ``(B) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(C) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(D) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; and
                    ``(E) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024 and each 
                fiscal year thereafter.'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``become 
                available'' and inserting ``be used''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 8 percent of 
        the amount made available to carry out this section for a 
        fiscal year may be used for administrative expenses incurred in 
        carrying out this section.
            ``(5) Reservation of funds.--Of the funds made available to 
        carry out this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary may 
        reserve--
                    ``(A) not more than 10 percent for grants under 
                subsection (c) to support the adoption of underutilized 
                but proven, commercial technologies; and
                    ``(B) not more that 5 percent to carry out 
                subsection (e) to hold regional demonstration projects 
                and promote the results of such projects.''.

SEC. 602. STUDY ON DUAL-USE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a study 
on dual-use renewable energy systems, which shall include--
            (1) an assessment on the compatibility of different species 
        of livestock with different dual-use renewable energy system 
        designs, including--
                    (A) the optimal height of and distance between 
                solar panels for--
                            (i) livestock grazing; and
                            (ii) shade for livestock;
                    (B) manure management considerations;
                    (C) fencing requirements; and
                    (D) other animal handling considerations;
            (2) an assessment of the compatibility of different crop 
        types with different dual-use renewable energy system designs, 
        including--
                    (A) the optimal height of and distance between 
                solar panels for--
                            (i) plant shading; and
                            (ii) farm equipment use;
                    (B) the impact on crop yield; and
                    (C) market opportunities to sell crops at a premium 
                price;
            (3) a risk-benefit analysis of dual-use renewable energy 
        systems in different regions of the United States, including a 
        comparison between the total greenhouse gas impact of dual-use 
        renewable energy systems and renewable energy systems that 
        displace agricultural production; and
            (4) a 5-year plan for how the research and extension 
        activities of the Department of Agriculture could be used to 
        better support dual-use renewable energy systems that do not 
        displace agricultural production.
    (b) Definition of Dual-Use Renewable Energy Systems.--In this 
section, the term ``dual-use renewable energy systems'' means renewable 
energy production and agricultural production, including crop or animal 
production, occurring together on the same piece of land.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee 
on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a written report 
containing the results of the study required by subsection (a).

SEC. 603. AGSTAR PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture (in this section 
referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall maintain a program, to be known 
as the AgSTAR program, that--
            (1) supports anaerobic digestion in the agricultural sector 
        to reduce methane emissions from livestock waste;
            (2) conducts outreach, education, and training on anaerobic 
        digestion of livestock waste;
            (3) provides technical and regulatory assistance on 
        anaerobic digestion of livestock waste to stakeholders, 
        including farmers and ranchers, on issues including--
                    (A) permitting;
                    (B) codigestion of multiple organic wastes in one 
                digester; and
                    (C) interconnection to physically link a digester 
                to the electrical power grid;
            (4) promotes centralized, multi-farm digesters that use 
        livestock waste from more than 1 farm or ranch;
            (5) collects and reports data on anaerobic digestion of 
        livestock waste; and
            (6) maintains a database of on-farm anaerobic digester 
        projects in the United States.
    (b) Transition.--The Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency shall take such steps as may be appropriate to provide for an 
orderly transition of the activities carried out under the AgSTAR 
program of the Environmental Protection Agency to the AgSTAR program 
under this section.
    (c) Administration.--The Secretary shall carry out the program 
through the Natural Resources Conservation Service, in coordination 
with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and other 
Federal agencies as necessary, and in partnership with the Regional 
Climate Hubs, cooperative extension services, and other agencies of the 
Department of Agriculture.
    (d) Limitations on Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out 
the AgSTAR program under this section, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary not more than $5,000,000 for each fiscal 
year.

                     TITLE VII--FOOD LOSS AND WASTE

                     Subtitle A--Food Date Labeling

SEC. 701. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Administering secretaries.--The term ``administering 
        Secretaries'' means--
                    (A) the Secretary of Agriculture with respect to 
                any product that is under the Secretary of 
                Agriculture's jurisdiction and is--
                            (i) a poultry product, as defined in 
                        section 4 of the Poultry Products Inspection 
                        Act (21 U.S.C. 453);
                            (ii) a meat food product, as defined in 
                        section 1 of the Federal Meat Inspection Act 
                        (21 U.S.C. 601); or
                            (iii) an egg product, as defined in section 
                        4 of the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 
                        1033); and
                    (B) the Secretary of Health and Human Services with 
                respect to any product that is under the Secretary of 
                Health and Human Services' jurisdiction and is a food 
                (as defined in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, 
                and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321)).
            (2) Discard date.--The term ``discard date'' means a date 
        voluntarily printed on food packaging, which signifies the end 
        of the estimated period of shelf life under any stated storage 
        conditions, after which the food labeler advises the product 
        not be consumed.
            (3) Food labeler.--The term ``food labeler'' means the 
        producer, manufacturer, distributor, or retailer that places a 
        date label on food packaging of a product.
            (4) Quality date.--The term ``quality date'' means a date 
        voluntarily printed on food packaging that is intended to 
        communicate to consumers the date after which--
                    (A) the quality of the product may begin to 
                deteriorate; but
                    (B) the product remains apparently wholesome food 
                (as defined in subsection (b)(2) of section 22 of the 
                Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1791(b)(2)); 
                also known as the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food 
                Donation Act).

SEC. 702. QUALITY DATES AND DISCARD DATES.

    (a) Quality Dates.--
            (1) In general.--If a food labeler includes a quality date 
        on food packaging, the label shall use the uniform quality date 
        label phrase under paragraph (2).
            (2) Uniform phrase.--The uniform quality date label phrase 
        under this paragraph shall be ``BEST If Used By'' or, if 
        permissible under subsection (c)(3), the standard abbreviation 
        of ``BB'', unless and until the administering Secretaries, 
        acting jointly, specify through rulemaking another uniform 
        phrase to be used for purposes of complying with paragraph (1).
            (3) Option of the labeler.--The decisions on whether to 
        include a quality date on food packaging and which foods should 
        be so labeled shall be at the discretion of the food labeler.
    (b) Discard Dates.--
            (1) In general.--If a food labeler includes a discard date 
        on food packaging, the label shall use the uniform discard date 
        label phrase under paragraph (2).
            (2) Uniform phrase.--The uniform discard date label phrase 
        under this paragraph shall be ``USE By'' or, if permissible 
        under subsection (c)(3), the standard abbreviation of ``UB'', 
        unless and until the administering Secretaries, acting jointly, 
        specify through rulemaking another uniform phrase to be used 
        for purposes of complying with paragraph (1).
            (3) Option of the labeler.--The decisions on whether to 
        include a discard date on food packaging and which foods should 
        be so labeled shall be at the discretion of the food labeler.
    (c) Quality Date and Discard Date Labeling.--
            (1) In general.--The quality date or discard date, as 
        applicable, and immediately adjacent uniform quality date label 
        phrase or discard date label phrase--
                    (A) shall be--
                            (i) in single easy-to-read type style; and
                            (ii) located in a conspicuous place on the 
                        package of the food; and
                    (B) may be on the label or, at the discretion of 
                the food labeler, elsewhere on the package.
            (2) Date format.--Each quality date and discard date shall 
        be stated in terms of day and month and, as appropriate, year.
            (3) Abbreviations.--A food labeler may use a standard 
        abbreviation of ``BB'' and ``UB'' for the quality date and 
        discard date, respectively, only if the food packaging is too 
        small to include the uniform phrase described in subsection 
        (a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable.
            (4) Freeze by.--A food labeler may add ``or Freeze By'' 
        following a quality date or discard date uniform phrase.
    (d) Infant Formula.--This Act and the amendments made by this Act--
            (1) do not apply with respect to infant formula (as defined 
        in section 201(z) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
        (21 U.S.C. 321(z))); and
            (2) shall not be construed to affect the requirements 
        pertaining to infant formula under section 412 of the Federal 
        Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 350a) and other 
        applicable provisions of law.
    (e) Education.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the administering Secretaries, acting jointly, shall 
provide consumer education and outreach on the meaning of quality date 
and discard date food labels.
    (f) Rule of Construction; Preemption.--
            (1) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this Act or the 
        amendments made by this Act shall be construed to prohibit any 
        State or political subdivision of a State from establishing or 
        continuing in effect any requirement that prohibits the sale or 
        donation of foods based on passage of the discard date.
            (2) Preemption.--No State or political subdivision of a 
        State may establish or continue in effect any requirement 
        that--
                    (A) relates to the inclusion in food labeling of a 
                quality date or a discard date that is different from 
                or in addition to, or that is otherwise not identical 
                with, the requirements of this Act and the amendments 
                made by this Act; or
                    (B) prohibits the sale or donation of foods based 
                on passage of the quality date.
            (3) Enforcement.--The administering Secretaries, acting 
        jointly and in coordination with the Federal Trade Commission, 
        shall ensure that the uniform quality date label phrase and 
        uniform discard date label phrase are standardized across all 
        food products.
            (4) Savings.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2), nothing in 
        this Act, nor any amendment made by this Act, nor any standard 
        or requirement imposed pursuant to this Act, shall be construed 
        to preempt, displace, or supplant any State or Federal common 
        law rights or any State or Federal statute creating a remedy 
        for civil relief, including those for civil damage, or a 
        penalty for criminal conduct.
    (g) Time Temperature Indicator Labels.--Nothing in this Act or the 
amendments made by this Act shall be construed to prohibit or restrict 
the use of time-temperature indicator labels or similar technology that 
is in addition to or in lieu of any uniform quality date label phrase 
under subsection (a)(2) or uniform discard date label phrase under 
subsection (b)(2).

SEC. 703. MISBRANDING.

    (a) FDA Violations.--Section 403 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 343) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(z) If it is food and its labeling is in violation of section 3 
of the Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
    (b) Poultry Products.--Section 4(h) of the Poultry Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 453(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (11), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(13) if its labeling is in violation of section 3 of the 
        Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
    (c) Meat Products.--Section 1(n) of the Federal Meat Inspection Act 
(21 U.S.C. 601(n)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (11), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(13) if its labeling is in violation of section 3 of the 
        Food Date Labeling Act of 2019.''.
    (d) Egg Products.--Section 7(b) of the Egg Products Inspection Act 
(21 U.S.C. 1036(b)) is amended in the first sentence by adding before 
the period at the end ``or if its labeling is in violation of section 3 
of the Food Date Labeling Act of 2019''.

SEC. 704. REGULATIONS.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretaries, acting jointly, shall promulgate final regulations for 
carrying out the provisions of this Act and the amendments made by this 
Act.

SEC. 705. DELAYED APPLICABILITY.

    This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall apply only with 
respect to food products that are labeled on or after the date that is 
2 years after the date of promulgation of final regulations under 
section 5.

                      Subtitle B--Other Provisions

SEC. 711. COMPOSTING AS CONSERVATION PRACTICE.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 1201(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 
(16 U.S.C. 3801(a)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (27) as 
        paragraphs (4) through (28), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Composting practice.--The term `composting practice' 
        means--
                    ``(A) an activity (including an activity that does 
                not require the use of a composting facility) to 
                produce compost from organic waste that is--
                            ``(i) generated on a farm; or
                            ``(ii) brought to a farm from the nearby 
                        community; and
                    ``(B) the use of compost on a farm to improve water 
                retention and soil health, subject to the condition 
                that such a use shall be in compliance with applicable 
                Federal, State, and local laws.''.
    (b) Conservation Stewardship Program.--Section 1240I(2)(B)(i) of 
the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-21(2)(B)(i)) is amended 
by inserting ``and composting practices'' after ``agriculture drainage 
management systems''.
    (c) Environmental Quality Incentives Program.--Section 
1240A(6)(A)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839aa-
1(6)(A)(ii)) is amended by inserting ``, including composting 
practices'' before the semicolon at the end.
    (d) Delivery of Technical Assistance.--Section 1242(h) of the Food 
Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842(h)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(5) Development of composting practice standard.--In 
        addition to conducting a review of any composting facilities 
        practice standard under this subsection, the Secretary shall 
        develop and implement a composting practice standard.''.

SEC. 712. AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL FOOD DONATION ACT.

    (a) Purpose.--Section 2 of the Federal Food Donation Act of 2008 
(Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C. 1792 note) is amended by striking 
``encourage'' and inserting ``require''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 3 of the Federal Food Donation Act of 
2008 (Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C. 1792 note) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs 
        (4) and (5), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
            ``(3) Executive agency.--The term `executive agency' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 133 of title 41, United 
        States Code.''.
    (c) Report on Food Waste by Certain Federal Contractors.--Section 4 
of the Federal Food Donation Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-247; 42 U.S.C. 
1792) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Requirement.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of the Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulation 
        issued in accordance with section 1121 of title 41, United 
        States Code, shall be revised to provide that, except as 
        provided in paragraph (2), all contracts of more than $10,000 
        for the provision, service, or sale of food in the United 
        States, or for the lease or rental of Federal property to a 
        private entity for events at which food is provided in the 
        United States, shall include a clause that--
                    ``(A) requires the donation of excess, apparently 
                wholesome food to nonprofit organizations that provide 
                assistance to food-insecure people in the United 
                States;
                    ``(B) states the terms and conditions described in 
                subsection (b); and
                    ``(C) requires the annual submission, in a form and 
                manner specified by the executive agency awarding the 
                contract, of the report described in subsection (d).
            ``(2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a 
        contract with an executive agency that has issued a regulation 
        in effect on the date of enactment of the Act that prohibits a 
        donation described in paragraph (1)(A).''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(c) Application to Congress.--
            ``(1) Contracts.--This Act shall apply to the House of 
        Representatives and to contracts entered into by the House of 
        Representatives, and to the Senate and to contracts entered 
        into by the Senate, in the same manner and to the same extent 
        as this Act applies to an executive agency and to contracts 
        entered into by an executive agency.
            ``(2) Administration.--For purposes of carrying out 
        paragraph (1)--
                    ``(A) the Chief Administrative Officer of the House 
                of Representatives shall be considered to be the head 
                of the House of Representatives; and
                    ``(B) the Secretary of the Senate shall be 
                considered to be the head of the Senate.
    ``(d) Data; Reports.--
            ``(1) Report described.--The report described in this 
        subsection, with respect to a contract described in subsection 
        (a) entered into by a contractor and an executive agency, is a 
        report from the contractor to the executive agency that 
        describes, for each month of performance of the contract during 
        the year covered by the report, the weight of apparently 
        wholesome food that was, pursuant to the contract, disposed of 
        in each of the following manners:
                    ``(A) Donation.--Donation by the contractor 
                pursuant to this Act (organized by the name of the 
                organization receiving such food).
                    ``(B) Composting.--Composting or other recycling by 
                the contractor.
                    ``(C) Discarding.--Discarding by the contractor 
                (organized by the reason such food was so discarded).
            ``(2) Reports to omb.--Not later than 30 days after the 
        date that an executive agency receives a report pursuant to 
        paragraph (1)(C), the agency shall submit a copy of the report 
        to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
            ``(3) Reports to congress.--The Director of the Office of 
        Management and Budget shall submit to Congress an annual report 
        aggregating the information in the reports received pursuant to 
        paragraph (2) during the year covered by the report.''.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--The Federal Food Donation Act 
of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 1792) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of 
Agriculture to carry out this Act $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2021 and 
each fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 713. GRANTS FOR COMPOSTING AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOOD WASTE-TO-
              ENERGY PROJECTS.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle G of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 
U.S.C. 6971 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 7011. GRANTS FOR COMPOSTING AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOOD WASTE-
              TO-ENERGY PROJECTS.

    ``(a) Grants.--The Administrator shall establish a grant program to 
award grants to States eligible to receive the grants under subsection 
(b)(1) to construct large-scale composting or anaerobic digestion food 
waste-to-energy projects.
    ``(b) Eligible States.--
            ``(1) Eligibility.--In order to be eligible to receive a 
        grant under this section, a State shall--
                    ``(A) have in effect a plan to limit the quantity 
                of food waste that may be disposed of in landfills in 
                the State; and
                    ``(B) provide to the Administrator--
                            ``(i) a written commitment that the State 
                        has read and agrees to comply with the Food 
                        Recovery Hierarchy of the Environmental 
                        Protection Agency, particularly as applied to 
                        apparently wholesome food (as defined in 
                        section 22(b) of the Child Nutrition Act of 
                        1966 (42 U.S.C. 1791(b))) that may be provided 
                        to or received by the State; and
                            ``(ii) a written end-product recycling plan 
                        that provides for the beneficial use of the 
                        material resulting from any anaerobic digestion 
                        food waste-to-energy operation with respect to 
                        which the loan or grant is made, in a manner 
                        that meets all applicable Federal, State, and 
                        local laws that protect human health and the 
                        environment.
            ``(2) Limitation.--A grant under subsection (a) may not be 
        used for an anaerobic digester that uses solely manure as 
        undigested biomass.
            ``(3) Preference.--The Administrator shall give preference 
        to grants under subsection (a) for anaerobic digesters that use 
        primarily nonedible food, crop waste, or nonedible food and 
        crop waste as undigested biomass.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $100,000,000 for each fiscal 
year.
    ``(d) State Defined.--In this section, the term `State' means each 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, each territory or 
possession of the United States, and each federally recognized Indian 
Tribe.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents for the Solid Waste 
Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.) is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 7010 the following:

``Sec. 7011. Grants for composting and anaerobic digestion food waste-
                            to-energy projects.''.

SEC. 714. SCHOOL FOOD WASTE REDUCTION GRANT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 18 of the Richard B. Russell National 
School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769) is amended by inserting before 
subsection (b) the following:
    ``(a) School Food Waste Reduction Grant Program.--
            ``(1) Grant program established.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a 
                program to make grants, on a competitive basis, to 
                eligible local educational agencies to carry out food 
                waste measurement and reporting, prevention, education, 
                and reduction projects.
                    ``(B) Regional balance.--In awarding grants under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, ensure that--
                            ``(i) a grant is awarded to an eligible 
                        local educational agency in each region served 
                        by the Administrator of the Food and Nutrition 
                        Service; and
                            ``(ii) equitable treatment of rural, urban, 
                        and tribal communities.
            ``(2) Application.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this subsection, an eligible local educational agency shall 
        submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such 
        manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may 
        require.
            ``(3) Priority.--In making grants under this subsection the 
        Secretary shall give priority to an eligible local educational 
        agency that demonstrates in the application under paragraph (2) 
        that such eligible local educational agency will use the grant 
        to--
                    ``(A) carry out experiential education activities 
                that encourage children enrolled in such eligible local 
                educational agency to participate in food waste 
                measurement and education;
                    ``(B) prioritize the best use of food in accordance 
                with the Food Recovery Hierarchy published by the 
                Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    ``(C) with respect to food waste prevention and 
                reduction, collaborate with other eligible local 
                educational agencies, tribes, nongovernmental and 
                community-based organizations, and other community 
                partners;
                    ``(D) evaluate the activities described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C) and make evaluation 
                plans; and
                    ``(E) establish a food waste measurement, 
                prevention, and reduction project with long-term 
                sustainability.
            ``(4) Federal share.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Federal share of a food 
                waste measurement, prevention, and reduction project 
                funded through a grant awarded under this subsection 
                shall not exceed 75 percent of the total cost of such 
                food waste reduction project.
                    ``(B) Federal matching.--As a condition of 
                receiving a grant under this subsection, an eligible 
                local educational agency shall provide matching funds 
                in the form of cash or in-kind contributions, including 
                facilities, equipment, or services provided by State 
                and local governments, nonprofit organizations, and 
                private sources.
            ``(5) Use of funds.--An eligible local educational agency 
        that receives a grant under this section shall use funds under 
        such grant to carry out at least one of the following:
                    ``(A) Planning a food waste measurement, 
                prevention, and reduction project.
                    ``(B) Carrying out activities under such a project.
                    ``(C) Providing training to support such a project.
                    ``(D) Purchasing equipment to support such a 
                project.
                    ``(E) Offering food waste education to students 
                enrolled in such eligible local educational agency.
            ``(6) Evaluation.--
                    ``(A) Agreement.--As a condition of receiving a 
                grant under this subsection, each eligible local 
                educational agency shall agree to cooperate in an 
                evaluation by the Secretary of the project carried out 
                using grant funds.
                    ``(B) Periodic evaluation.--Not later than 2 years 
                after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and 
                every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall carry out 
                an evaluation of the grants made under this section 
                that includes--
                            ``(i) the amount of Federal funds used to 
                        carry out such grants; and
                            ``(ii) an evaluation of the outcomes of the 
                        projects carried out pursuant to such grants.
            ``(7) Definition of eligible local educational agency.--In 
        this subsection, the term `eligible local educational agency' 
        means a local educational agency that participates in the 
        school lunch program under this Act or the school breakfast 
        program established under section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act 
        of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773).''.
    (b) Technical Assistance.--Section 21(b) of the Richard B. Russell 
National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769b-1(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) food waste measurement, prevention, and reduction.''.
                                 <all>