Title: GrAITR Act
Policy area: Science, Technology, Communications

Summary:
Growing Artificial Intelligence Through Research Act or the GrAITR Act
This bill requires certain federal activities related to artificial intelligence, including implementation by the President of a National Artificial Intelligence Initiative.
The initiative must invest in artificial intelligence research and support the development of an artificial intelligence science and technology workforce pipeline, among other activities.
The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) shall establish or designate
The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall, among other things
The National Science Foundation shall
The Department of Energy shall carry out an artificial intelligence research program.

[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2202 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2202

To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate artificial 
  intelligence research and development for the economic and national 
         security of the United States, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             April 10, 2019

Mr. Lipinski (for himself and Mr. Reed) introduced the following bill; 
 which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To establish a coordinated Federal initiative to accelerate artificial 
  intelligence research and development for the economic and national 
         security of the United States, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Growing Artificial 
Intelligence Through Research Act'' or the ``GrAITR Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 3. Definitions.
          TITLE I--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE

Sec. 101. National Artificial Intelligence Initiative.
Sec. 102. National Artificial Intelligence Coordination Office.
Sec. 103. Interagency Committee.
Sec. 104. Advisory Committee.
  TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL 
                        INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES

Sec. 201. In general.
 TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS 
           FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

Sec. 301. Artificial intelligence research and education program.
Sec. 302. Multidisciplinary centers for artificial intelligence 
                            research and education.
TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM

Sec. 401. In general.

SEC. 2. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) there is a need for a National Artificial Intelligence 
        Initiative, including a comprehensive artificial intelligence 
        research and development strategy and coordination across 
        agencies;
            (2) there are currently several committees working on 
        related tasks with respect to artificial intelligence and many 
        agency representatives serve on multiple such committees with 
        similar goals with respect to artificial intelligence; and
            (3) the reporting structure of such committees could be 
        simplified to address efficiently the goals of the Initiative.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
        intelligence''--
                    (A) means intelligent machines that use algorithms, 
                computer programs, and other techniques to behave in 
                ways commonly thought to require intelligence; and
                    (B) includes forms such as machine learning, 
                computer vision, and natural language processing.
            (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' 
        means the committee established or designated under section 
        104.
            (3) Emerging research institution.--The term ``emerging 
        research institution'' means an institution of higher education 
        that--
                    (A) receives less than $20,000,000 in Federal 
                research funding annually; and
                    (B) may grant a doctoral degree.
            (4) Industry.--The term ``industry'' means entities in 
        industries relevant to artificial intelligence.
            (5) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the National 
        Artificial Intelligence Initiative established under section 
        101.
            (6) Institutions of higher education.--The term 
        ``institutions of higher education'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001).
            (7) Interagency committee.--The term ``Interagency 
        Committee'' means the committee established or designated under 
        section 104(a).
            (8) K-12 education.--The term ``K-12 education'' means 
        elementary school and secondary education, as such terms are 
        defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
            (9) Machine learning.--The term ``machine learning'' means 
        a subfield of artificial intelligence that is characterized by 
        giving computers the autonomous ability to progressively 
        optimize performance of a specific task based on data without 
        being explicitly programmed.

          TITLE I--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE

SEC. 101. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INITIATIVE.

    The President shall establish and implement an initiative with 
respect to artificial intelligence, to be known as the ``National 
Artificial Intelligence Initiative''. In carrying out the Initiative, 
the President shall, acting through appropriate Federal entities, 
including the Networking and Information Technology Research and 
Development Program--
            (1) establish the objectives, priorities, and metrics for 
        the strategic plans under section 103 to accelerate development 
        of artificial intelligence science and technology applications 
        in the United States;
            (2) invest in artificial intelligence science and 
        technology research, development, demonstration, application to 
        analysis and modeling, and other activities;
            (3) support the development of an artificial intelligence 
        science and technology workforce pipeline by making strategic 
        investments to--
                    (A) expand the number of researchers, educators, 
                and students with training in artificial intelligence 
                science and technology to develop a workforce pipeline;
                    (B) increase the number of skilled and trained 
                workers from underrepresented groups who can contribute 
                to the development of artificial intelligence 
                technologies, diversify the workforce, and expand the 
                workforce pipeline;
                    (C) promote the development and inclusion of 
                multidisciplinary curricula and research opportunities 
                for artificial intelligence science and engineering, 
                including advanced technological education, during the 
                primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, 
                postdoctoral, adult learning, and career retraining 
                stages of education; and
                    (D) equip workers with the knowledge and skill sets 
                required to operate effectively in occupations and 
                workplaces that will be increasingly influenced by 
                artificial intelligence;
            (4) facilitate coordination of efforts and collaboration 
        with respect to artificial intelligence among Government, 
        Federal and national laboratories, nonprofit organizations, 
        institutions of higher education, and industry;
            (5) leverage existing Federal investments, and partner with 
        industry and institutions of higher education to leverage 
        knowledge and resources, to advance objectives and priorities 
        of the Initiative;
            (6) strengthen research, development, demonstration, and 
        application in the fields of artificial intelligence science 
        and technology by--
                    (A) addressing basic research knowledge gaps with 
                respect to artificial intelligence through research;
                    (B) promoting the further development of facilities 
                and centers available for artificial intelligence 
                science and technology research, testing, and 
                education;
                    (C) stimulating research on, and promoting more 
                rapid development and commercialization of, artificial 
                intelligence-based technologies;
                    (D) promoting research into the effects of 
                artificial intelligence and applications of artificial 
                intelligence on society, the workforce and workplace, 
                and individuals, including those from underrepresented 
                groups;
                    (E) promoting data sharing among the Federal 
                Government, academic researchers, the private sector, 
                and other practitioners of artificial intelligence;
                    (F) identifying and minimizing inappropriate bias 
                in data sets, algorithms, and other aspects of 
                artificial intelligence; and
                    (G) supporting efforts to create metrics to assess 
                safety, security, and reliability of applications of 
                artificial intelligence science and technology; and
            (7) ensure that artificial intelligence research, 
        development, demonstration, and application efforts create 
        measurable benefits for all individuals in the United States, 
        including members of disadvantaged and underrepresented groups.

SEC. 102. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COORDINATION OFFICE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, in consultation with the Director of the National 
Science Foundation, the Secretary of Energy, and the Secretary of 
Commerce shall establish or designate, and appoint a director of, an 
office to be known as the ``National Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Office''.
    (b) Duties.--The National Artificial Intelligence Coordination 
Office shall--
            (1) provide technical and administrative support to the 
        Advisory Committee;
            (2) serve as the point of contact on Federal artificial 
        intelligence activities for government organizations, academia, 
        industry, professional societies, State artificial intelligence 
        programs, interested citizen groups, and others to exchange 
        technical and programmatic information;
            (3) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of 
        findings and recommendations of the Advisory Committee, as 
        appropriate; and
            (4) promote access to and early application of the 
        technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from 
        Initiative activities to agency missions and systems across the 
        Federal Government, and to United States industry, including 
        startup companies.
    (c) Funding.--The National Artificial Intelligence Coordination 
Office shall be funded through interagency funding.
    (d) Report.--Within 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall 
report to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, and the House of Representatives Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology on the funding of the Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Office. The report shall include--
            (1) the amount of funding required to adequately fund the 
        Office;
            (2) the adequacy of existing mechanisms to fund this 
        Office; and
            (3) the actions taken by the Director to ensure stable 
        funding of this Office.

SEC. 103. INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy shall establish or designate an Interagency Committee 
on Artificial Intelligence.
    (b) Duties.--The Interagency Committee, in consultation with the 
Advisory Committee, shall--
            (1) coordinate the artificial intelligence and technology 
        research and education activities and programs of the Federal 
        agencies;
            (2) establish objectives and priorities of the Initiative, 
        consistent with the goals in section 3, based on identified 
        knowledge and workforce gaps and other national needs;
            (3) assess and recommend Federal infrastructure needs to 
        support the Initiative; and
            (4) evaluate opportunities for international cooperation 
        with strategic allies on research and development in artificial 
        intelligence and technology.
    (c) Chairs.--The Interagency Committee shall be jointly chaired by 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Secretary of 
Energy.
    (d) Strategic Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Advisory Committee shall develop a 5-year 
strategic plan, and 6 years after enactment of the Act develop an 
additional 5-year strategic plan, with periodic updates as appropriate 
to guide the activities of the Initiative, meet Initiative goals and 
priorities, and anticipate outcomes at the participating agencies. In 
carrying out this subsection, the Interagency Committee should take in 
to consideration the reports from the Advisory Committee, as described 
below.
    (e) Composition.--The Interagency Committee shall be comprised of 
representatives from--
            (1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            (2) the National Science Foundation;
            (3) the Department of Energy;
            (4) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            (5) the Department of Defense;
            (6) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence;
            (7) the Office of Management and Budget;
            (8) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
            (9) the National Institutes of Health; and
            (10) any other Federal agency as considered appropriate by 
        the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.

SEC. 104. ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy (in this section referred to as the ``Director'') 
shall establish or designate an National Artificial Intelligence 
Advisory Committee.
    (b) Qualifications.--The Director shall appoint members to the 
Advisory Committee who are qualified to provide advice and information 
on artificial intelligence and technology research, development, 
demonstrations, education, infrastructure, technology transfer, 
commercial applications, or concerns of a national security, social, or 
economic nature. The set of appointees shall collectively have 
expertise on a wide range of defense and non-defense Artificial 
Intelligence applications.
    (c) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall advise the Director of 
the Office of Science and Technology Policy on matters relating to the 
Initiative, including assessing--
            (1) trends and developments in artificial intelligence, 
        including the current and near future state of artificial 
        intelligence systems and forecasting;
            (2) progress made in implementing the Initiative;
            (3) the need to revise the Initiative;
            (4) the balance among the components of the Initiative, 
        including funding levels for the Initiative component areas;
            (5) whether the Initiative component areas, priorities, and 
        technical goals are helping to maintain United States 
        leadership in artificial intelligence and technology;
            (6) the management, coordination, implementation, and 
        activities of the Initiative; and
            (7) whether societal, ethical, legal, environmental, and 
        workforce concerns are adequately addressed by the Initiative.
    (d) Reports.--Not later than 4 years after the date of the most 
recent assessment under subsection (c), and quadrennially thereafter, 
the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and 
Technology of the House of Representatives a report of its assessments 
under subsection (c) and its recommendations for ways to improve the 
Initiative.
    (e) Travel Expenses of Non-Federal Members.--Non-Federal members of 
the Advisory Committee, while attending meetings of the Advisory 
Committee or while otherwise serving at the request of the head of the 
Advisory Committee away from their homes or regular places of business, 
may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States 
Code, for individuals in the government serving without pay. Nothing in 
this subsection shall be construed to prohibit members of the Advisory 
Committee who are officers or employees of the United States from being 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in 
accordance with existing law.
    (f) Exemption From Sunset.--Section 14 of the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act shall not apply to the Advisory Committee.

  TITLE II--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ARTIFICIAL 
                        INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES

SEC. 201. IN GENERAL.

    (a) National Institute of Standards and Technology Activities.--As 
part of the Initiative, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology (in this section, referred to as the 
``Director'') shall--
            (1) carry out the Initiative, as appropriate;
            (2) support the development of measurements and standards 
        necessary to advance commercial development of artificial 
        intelligence applications, including by--
                    (A) developing measurements and standards; and
                    (B) supporting the efforts to develop measurements 
                and consensus standards by standards development 
                organizations;
            (3) establish and support collaborative ventures or 
        consortia with public or private sector entities, including 
        institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, and 
        industry, for the purpose of advancing fundamental and applied 
        artificial intelligence research and development; and
            (4) use existing authorities to award contracts as 
        necessary to carry out the Initiative, including cooperative 
        agreements and other similar transactions.
    (b) Artificial Intelligence Outreach.--
            (1) In general.--The Director shall conduct outreach--
                    (A) to receive input from stakeholders on the 
                development of a plan to address future measurements 
                and standards related to artificial intelligence; and
                    (B) to provide an opportunity for public comment on 
                any such measurements or standards.
            (2) Meetings.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of the enactment of this Act, and a periodic basis 
                thereafter, as the Director determines appropriate, the 
                Director shall convene one or more meetings of 
                stakeholders, including technical expert 
                representatives from government organizations, 
                industry, and institutions of higher education to 
                discuss topics described in subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Topics.--Meetings under subparagraph (A) may 
                cover topics that the Director determines to be 
                important to the development of standards and 
                measurements with respect to artificial intelligence, 
                including--
                            (i) cybersecurity;
                            (ii) algorithm accountability;
                            (iii) algorithm explainability;
                            (iv) algorithm trustworthiness; and
                            (v) the establishment of a common lexicon 
                        of artificial intelligence.
                    (C) Purpose.--The purpose of the meetings under 
                this subsection shall be--
                            (i) to assess the contemporary research on 
                        the topic determined by the Director under 
                        subparagraph (B);
                            (ii) to evaluate the research gaps relating 
                        to such topic; and
                            (iii) to provide an opportunity for 
                        stakeholders to provide recommendations on what 
                        the current research needs are that the 
                        National Institute of Standards and Technology 
                        and the Initiative may address.
            (3) Report to congress.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall transmit to 
        the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate a summary report containing a 
        description of the results of outreach and meetings conducted 
        under this section.
    (c) Appropriation.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
$90,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024 to carry out 
this section.

 TITLE III--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS 
           FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

SEC. 301. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--As part of the Initiative, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation (in this section, referred to as the 
``Director'') shall establish and implement a research and education 
program on artificial intelligence and engineering.
    (b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program required under 
subsection (a), the Director shall carry out the Initiative as 
appropriate and shall--
            (1) continue to support interdisciplinary research on, and 
        human resources development in, all aspects of artificial 
        intelligence science and engineering, including--
                    (A) algorithm accountability;
                    (B) minimization of inappropriate bias in training 
                data sets or algorithmic feature selection;
                    (C) qualitative and quantitative forecasting of 
                future capabilities and applications; and
                    (D) the societal and ethical implications of 
                artificial intelligence;
            (2) use existing authorities and programs and collaborate 
        with other Federal agencies--
                    (A) to improve the teaching and learning of 
                artificial intelligence science and engineering during 
                the primary, secondary, undergraduate, graduate, 
                postgraduate, adult learning, and career retraining 
                stages of education;
                    (B) to increase participation in the artificial 
                intelligence fields, including by individuals 
                identified in sections 33 and 34 of the Science and 
                Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a; 
                42 U.S.C. 1885b);
                    (C) to formulate goals for education activities 
                related to artificial intelligence engineering and 
                research to be supported by the National Science 
                Foundation related to topics important to the 
                Initiative, including--
                            (i) algorithm accountability;
                            (ii) algorithm explainability;
                            (iii) consumer data privacy;
                            (iv) the assessment and minimization of 
                        inappropriate bias in training data and output;
                            (v) the societal and ethical implications 
                        of the use of artificial intelligence;
                            (vi) algorithm trustworthiness; and
                            (vii) algorithmic forecasting;
                    (D) to engage with institutions of higher 
                education, research communities, potential users of 
                information produced under this section, entities in 
                the private sector, and non-Federal entities--
                            (i) to leverage the collective body of 
                        knowledge from existing artificial intelligence 
                        and engineering research and education 
                        activities; and
                            (ii) to support partnerships among 
                        institutions of higher education and industry 
                        that facilitate collaborative research, 
                        personnel exchanges, and workforce development;
                    (E) to coordinate research efforts funded through 
                existing programs across the directorates of the 
                National Science Foundation; and
                    (F) to ensure adequate access to artificial 
                intelligence and engineering research and education 
                infrastructure, including through development of 
                hardware and facilitation of the use of computing 
                resources, including cloud-based computing services.
    (c) Graduate Traineeships.--In carrying out the program required 
under subsection (a), the Director may provide traineeships to graduate 
students at institutions of higher education who--
            (1) are United States nationals or aliens lawfully admitted 
        for permanent residence in the United States; and
            (2) who choose to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in 
        artificial intelligence.

SEC. 302. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
              RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
(in this section, referred to as the ``Director''), in consultation 
with other Federal agencies as appropriate, shall award grants to 
eligible entities to establish up to 5 research and education centers 
(in this section, referred to as ``Centers'') to conduct research and 
education activities in support of the Initiative, to be known as 
``Multidisciplinary Centers for Artificial Intelligence Research and 
Education''.
    (b) Eligible Entities.--In this section, the term ``eligible 
entity'' means--
            (1) an institution of higher education;
            (2) a relevant nonprofit or private sector organization;
            (3) a State or local government; and
            (4) a consortium of entities that consists of entities 
        described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
    (c) K-12 Education.--Not less than 1 grant under this section must 
be for a Center with the primary purpose of integrating artificial 
intelligence into K-12 education.
    (d) Application.--An eligible entity seeking funding under this 
section shall submit an application to the Director at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information as the Director may 
require. The application shall include--
            (1) a plan for the proposed Center--
                    (A) to work with other research institutions, 
                emerging research institutions, and industry to 
                leverage expertise in artificial intelligence, 
                education and curricula development, and technology 
                transfer;
                    (B) to promote active collaboration among 
                researchers in multiple disciplines and across multiple 
                institutions involved in artificial intelligence 
                research including physics, engineering, mathematical 
                sciences, computer and information science, biological 
                and cognitive sciences, material science, education, 
                social and behavioral sciences, such as industrial-
                organizational psychology;
                    (C) to integrate into the activities of the Center 
                consideration of the ethics of artificial intelligence 
                development, technology usage, and data collection, 
                storage, and sharing, including training data sets;
                    (D) to support long-term and short-term workforce 
                development in the artificial intelligence field, 
                including broadening participation of underrepresented 
                groups; and
                    (E) to support an innovation ecosystem to work with 
                industry to translate Center research into applications 
                and products; and
            (2) a description of the anticipated long-term impact of 
        the Center beyond the termination of support under this 
        section.
    (e) Selection and Duration.--
            (1) In general.--A Center established using a grant under 
        this section may receive funding under this section for a 
        period of 5 years.
            (2) Extension.--Such a Center may apply for, and the 
        Director may grant, an extension of a grant under this section 
        for an additional 5-year period.
            (3) Termination.--The Director may terminate funding under 
        this section for an underperforming Center for cause.
    (f) Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
$10,000,000 for each Center established under this section for each of 
fiscal years 2020 through 2024.

TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH PROGRAM

SEC. 401. IN GENERAL.

    (a) Program.--As a part of the Initiative, the Secretary of Energy 
(in this section, referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall carry out a 
research program on artificial intelligence.
    (b) Components.--In carrying out the program required under 
subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) formulate objectives for artificial intelligence 
        research to be supported by the Department of Energy that are 
        consistent with the Initiative;
            (2) leverage the collective body of knowledge from existing 
        artificial intelligence research;
            (3) coordinate research efforts funded through existing 
        programs across the Office of Science;
            (4) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
        communities, and potential users of information produced under 
        this section; and
            (5) build, maintain, and, to the extent practicable, make 
        available for use by academic, government, and private sector 
        researchers, the computing hardware and software necessary to 
        carry out a research program in artificial intelligence 
        science.
    (c) Research Centers.--
            (1) Grants.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
        may award grants to eligible entities to establish and operate 
        up to 5 artificial intelligence research centers (in this 
        section, referred to as ``Centers'') for the purpose described 
        in paragraph (3).
            (2) Selection.--
                    (A) In general.--Such grants shall be awarded 
                through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and 
                consider applications from National Laboratories, 
                institutions of higher education including emerging 
                research institutions, research centers, multi-
                institutional collaborations, and other appropriate 
                entities.
                    (B) Eligible entities.--In this section, the term 
                ``eligible entity'' means--
                            (i) an institution of higher education;
                            (ii) a relevant nonprofit or private sector 
                        organization;
                            (iii) a State or local government;
                            (iv) a National Laboratory or a federally 
                        funded research and development center; and
                            (v) a consortium of entities that consists 
                        of entities described in clauses (i) through 
                        (iv).
            (3) Purpose.--The purpose of the Centers established under 
        this section is--
                    (A) to serve the needs of the Department of Energy 
                and academic, educational, and private sector entities 
                that the Secretary determines appropriate;
                    (B) to advance research and education in artificial 
                intelligence and improving the competitiveness of the 
                United States; and
                    (C) to provide access to computing resources to 
                promote scientific progress and enable users from 
                institutions of higher education, educational 
                institutions, the National Laboratories, and industry--
                            (i) to make scientific discoveries relevant 
                        to artificial intelligence research;
                            (ii) to conduct research to accelerate 
                        scientific breakthroughs in artificial 
                        intelligence science and technology;
                            (iii) to support research conducted under 
                        this section; and
                            (iv) to increase the distribution of 
                        research infrastructure and broaden the 
                        spectrum of students exposed to the artificial 
                        intelligence research at institutions of higher 
                        education, including emerging research 
                        institutions.
            (4) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of each Center with the activities of--
                    (A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the Nanoscale Science Research Centers, the 
                Energy Frontier Research Centers, and the Energy 
                Innovation Hubs; and
                    (B) industry.
            (5) Duration.--
                    (A) In general.--Any center selected and 
                established under this section is authorized to carry 
                out activities for a period of 5 years.
                    (B) Extension.--Such a Center may apply for, and 
                the Director may grant, an extension of a grant under 
                this section for an additional 5-year period.
                    (C) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Secretary may 
                terminate an underperforming Center for cause during 
                the performance period.
    (d) Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        $225,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2020 through 2024 to the 
        Office of Science of the Department of Energy to carry out this 
        section.
            (2) Limit.--Not less than $100,000,000 of funds 
        appropriated under paragraph (1) shall be used to carry out 
        subsections (a) and (b).
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