Title: Universal School Meals Program Act of 2019
Policy area: Agriculture and Food

Summary:
Universal School Meals Program Act of 2019

This bill revises requirements under the food and nutrition programs of the Department of Agriculture, such as the school lunch and breakfast programs.
For example, the bill provides free meals to all school children regardless of income.
The bill increases the reimbursement rate for school food authorities participating in the food and nutrition programs.
The bill also prohibits school food authorities from (1) physically segregating or otherwise discriminating against any child participating in the free breakfast program, or (2) overtly identifying a child participating in the program with a special token or announcement.
Additionally, the bill expands the summer food service program by making all children eligible for participation in the program.
Further, the bill revises eligibility determinations for measuring poverty to include runaway or homeless youth, foster children, migratory children, and children participating in specified programs (e.g., Head Start).


[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2609 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






116th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2609

  To amend the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and the Richard B. Russell 
 National School Lunch Act to make breakfasts and lunches free for all 
                   children, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            October 16, 2019

Mr. Schumer (for Mr. Sanders) introduced the following bill; which was 
read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                                Forestry

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
  To amend the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 and the Richard B. Russell 
 National School Lunch Act to make breakfasts and lunches free for all 
                   children, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Universal School 
Meals Program Act of 2019''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Effective date.
                   TITLE I--SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM

Sec. 101. General elimination of reduced price breakfasts.
Sec. 102. Free school breakfast program.
                     TITLE II--SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM

Sec. 201. General repeal of reduced price lunches.
Sec. 202. Apportionment to States.
Sec. 203. Nutritional and other program requirements.
Sec. 204. Special assistance program.
Sec. 205. Price for a paid lunch.
Sec. 206. Summer food service program for children.
Sec. 207. Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children Program.
Sec. 208. Child and adult care food program.
Sec. 209. Meals and supplements for children in afterschool care.
Sec. 210. Access to local foods: farm to school program.
Sec. 211. Fresh fruit and vegetable program.
Sec. 212. Training, Technical Assistance, and Food Service Management 
                            Institute.
Sec. 213. Reimbursement of school meal delinquent debt program.
           TITLE III--ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION DATA

Sec. 301. Measure of poverty.
            TITLE IV--AMENDMENTS TO OTHER PROGRAMS AND LAWS

Sec. 401. Supplemental nutrition assistance program.
Sec. 402. Higher Education Act of 1965.
Sec. 403. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
Sec. 404. America COMPETES Act.
Sec. 405. Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act.
Sec. 406. National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002.
Sec. 407. Child care and development block grant.
Sec. 408. Children's Health Act of 2000.
Sec. 409. Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.

SEC. 2. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    Unless otherwise provided, this Act, and the amendments made by 
this Act, shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act.

                   TITLE I--SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM

SEC. 101. GENERAL ELIMINATION OF REDUCED PRICE BREAKFASTS.

    The Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``or reduced price'' each place it appears;
            (2) by striking ``and reduced price'' each place it 
        appears; and
            (3) by striking ``a reduced price'' each place it appears.

SEC. 102. FREE SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 4(a) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 
(42 U.S.C. 1773(a)) is amended, in the first sentence--
            (1) by striking ``is hereby'' and inserting ``are''; and
            (2) by inserting ``to provide free breakfast to all 
        children enrolled at those schools'' before ``in accordance''.
    (b) Apportionment to States.--Section 4(b) of the Child Nutrition 
Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking subclause 
                (II) and inserting the following:
                                    ``(II) the national average payment 
                                for free breakfasts, as specified in 
                                subparagraph (B).'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(B) Payment amounts.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The national average 
                        payment for each free breakfast shall be $2.72, 
                        adjusted annually for inflation in accordance 
                        with clause (ii) and rounded in accordance with 
                        clause (iii).
                            ``(ii) Inflation adjustment.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The annual 
                                inflation adjustment under clause (i) 
                                shall reflect changes in the cost of 
                                operating the free breakfast program 
                                under this section, as indicated by the 
                                change in the Consumer Price Index for 
                                food away from home for all urban 
                                consumers.
                                    ``(II) Basis.--Each inflation 
                                annual adjustment under clause (i) 
                                shall reflect the changes in the 
                                Consumer Price Index for food away from 
                                home for the most recent 12-month 
                                period for which that data is 
                                available.
                            ``(iii) Rounding.--On July 1, 2020, and 
                        annually thereafter, the national average 
                        payment rate for free breakfast shall be--
                                    ``(I) adjusted to the nearest 
                                lower-cent increment; and
                                    ``(II) based on the unrounded 
                                amounts for the preceding 12-month 
                                period.'';
                    (C) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (E); and
                    (D) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                subparagraph (C);
            (2) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
            (3) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (5) as paragraphs 
        (2) and (3), respectively; and
            (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking 
        ``paragraph (3) or (4)'' and inserting ``paragraph (2)''.
    (c) State Disbursement to Schools.--Section 4 of the Child 
Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773) is amended by striking 
subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) State Disbursement to Schools.--Funds apportioned and paid to 
any State for the purpose of this section shall be disbursed by the 
State educational agency to schools selected by the State educational 
agency to assist those schools in operating a breakfast program.''.
    (d) No Collection of Debt.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of the 
        Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.) or any 
        other provision of law, effective beginning on the date of 
        enactment of this Act, as a condition of participation in the 
        breakfast program under section 4 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 1773), 
        a school--
                    (A) shall not collect any debt owed to the school 
                for unpaid meal charges; and
                    (B) shall continue to accrue debt for unpaid meal 
                charges--
                            (i) for the purpose of receiving 
                        reimbursement under section 213; and
                            (ii) until the effective date specified in 
                        section 2.
            (2) Child nutrition act of 1966.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 4 of the Child Nutrition 
                Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773) is amended by striking 
                subsection (d) and inserting the following:
    ``(d) No Collection of Debt.--A school participating in the free 
breakfast program under this section shall not collect any debt owed to 
the school for unpaid meal charges.''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Section 23(a) of the 
                Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1793(a)) is 
                amended by striking ``school in severe need, as 
                described in section 4(d)(1)'' and inserting the 
                following: ``school--
            ``(1) that has a free breakfast program under section 4 or 
        seeks to initiate a free breakfast program under that section; 
        and
            ``(2) of which not less than 40 percent of the students are 
        identified students (as defined in paragraph (8) of section 
        1113(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 
        (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)))''.
    (e) Nutritional and Other Program Requirements.--Section 4(e) of 
the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), in the second sentence, by 
        striking ``free or'' and all that follows through the period at 
        the end and inserting ``free to all children enrolled at a 
        school participating in the school breakfast program.''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), in the second sentence, by striking 
        ``the full charge to the student for a breakfast meeting the 
        requirements of this section or''.
    (f) Prohibition on Breakfast Shaming, Meal Denial.--
            (1) In general.--Effective beginning on the date of 
        enactment of this Act, a school or school food authority--
                    (A) shall not--
                            (i) physically segregate or otherwise 
                        discriminate against any child participating in 
                        the breakfast program under section 4 of the 
                        Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773); 
                        or
                            (ii) overtly identify a child described in 
                        clause (i) by a special token or ticket, an 
                        announced or published list of names, or any 
                        other means; and
                    (B) shall provide the program meal to any child 
                eligible under the program.
            (2) Child nutrition act of 1966.--Section 4 of the Child 
        Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1773) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following:
    ``(f) Prohibition on Breakfast Shaming.--A school or school food 
authority shall not--
            ``(1) physically segregate or otherwise discriminate 
        against any child participating in the free breakfast program 
        under this section; or
            ``(2) overtly identify a child described in paragraph (1) 
        by a special token or ticket, an announced or published list of 
        names, or any other means.''.
    (g) Department of Defense Overseas Dependents' Schools.--Section 
20(b) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1789(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``and reduced-price''; and
            (2) by striking ``and shall'' and all that follows through 
        ``section''.

                     TITLE II--SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM

SEC. 201. GENERAL REPEAL OF REDUCED PRICE LUNCHES.

    The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or reduced price'' each place it appears;
            (2) by striking ``or a reduced price'' each place it 
        appears;
            (3) by striking ``and reduced price'' each place it 
        appears; and
            (4) by striking ``a reduced price'' each place it appears.

SEC. 202. APPORTIONMENT TO STATES.

    Section 4(b) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1753(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(2) Payment amounts.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The national average payment for 
                each free lunch shall be $3.81, adjusted annually for 
                inflation in accordance with subparagraph (C) and 
                rounded in accordance with subparagraph (D).
                    ``(B) Additional payment for local food.--
                            ``(i) Definition of locally-sourced farm 
                        product.--In this subparagraph, the term 
                        `locally-sourced farm product' means a farm 
                        product that--
                                    ``(I) is marketed to consumers--
                                            ``(aa) directly; or
                                            ``(bb) through 
                                        intermediated channels (such as 
                                        food hubs and cooperatives); 
                                        and
                                    ``(II) with respect to the school 
                                food authority purchasing the farm 
                                product, is produced and distributed--
                                            ``(aa) in the State in 
                                        which the school food authority 
                                        is located; or
                                            ``(bb) not more than 250 
                                        miles from the location of the 
                                        school food authority.
                            ``(ii) Additional payment eligibility.--
                        During a school year, a school food authority 
                        shall receive an additional payment described 
                        in clause (iii) if the State certifies that the 
                        school food authority served meals (including 
                        breakfasts, lunches, and supplements) during 
                        the last school year of which not less than 30 
                        percent were made with locally-sourced farm 
                        products.
                            ``(iii) Payment amount.--The additional 
                        payment amount for each free lunch under this 
                        subparagraph shall be $0.30, adjusted annually 
                        in accordance with subparagraph (C) and rounded 
                        in accordance with subparagraph (D).
                            ``(iv) Disbursement.--The State agency 
                        shall disburse funds made available under this 
                        clause to school food authorities eligible to 
                        receive additional reimbursement.
                    ``(C) Inflation adjustment.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The annual inflation 
                        adjustment under subparagraphs (A) and (B)(iii) 
                        shall reflect changes in the cost of operating 
                        the free lunch program under this Act, as 
                        indicated by the change in the Consumer Price 
                        Index for food away from home for all urban 
                        consumers.
                            ``(ii) Basis.--Each annual inflation 
                        adjustment under subparagraphs (A) and (B)(iii) 
                        shall reflect the changes in the Consumer Price 
                        Index for food away from home for the most 
                        recent 12-month period for which that data is 
                        available.
                    ``(D) Rounding.--On July 1, 2020, and annually 
                thereafter, the national average payment rate for free 
                lunch shall be--
                            ``(i) adjusted to the nearest lower-cent 
                        increment; and
                            ``(ii) based on the unrounded amounts for 
                        the preceding 12-month period.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3).

SEC. 203. NUTRITIONAL AND OTHER PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Elimination of Free Lunch Eligibility Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--Section 9 of the Richard B. Russell 
        National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1758) is amended by 
        striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Eligibility.--All children enrolled in a school that 
participates in the school lunch program under this Act shall be 
eligible to receive free lunch under this Act.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--
                    (A) Section 9(c) of the Richard B. Russell National 
                School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1758(c)) is amended in the 
                second sentence by striking ``or at a reduced cost''.
                    (B) Section 18 of the Richard B. Russell National 
                School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769) is amended--
                            (i) by striking subsection (j); and
                            (ii) by redesignating subsection (k) as 
                        subsection (j).
                    (C) Section 28(b)(4) of the Richard B. Russell 
                National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1769i(b)(4)) is 
                amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking the 
                        subparagraph designation and heading and all 
                        that follows through ``the Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``The Secretary''; and
                            (ii) by striking subparagraph (B).
                    (D) Section 17 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 
                (42 U.S.C. 1786) is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (d)(2)(A)--
                                    (I) by striking clause (i); and
                                    (II) by redesignating clauses (ii) 
                                and (iii) as clauses (i) and (ii), 
                                respectively; and
                            (ii) in subsection (f)(17), by striking 
                        ``Notwithstanding subsection (d)(2)(A)(i), not 
                        later'' and inserting ``Not later''.
                    (E) Section 1902(a) of the Social Security Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1396a(a)) is amended by striking paragraph (7) 
                and inserting the following:
            ``(7) provide safeguards which restrict the use or 
        disclosure of information concerning applicants and recipients 
        to purposes directly connected with the administration of the 
        plan;''.
                    (F) Section 1154(a)(2)(A)(i) of title 10, United 
                States Code, is amended by striking ``in accordance 
                with section 9(b)(1) of the Richard B. Russell National 
                School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1758(b)(1)''.
                    (G) Section 4301 of the Food, Conservation, and 
                Energy Act of 2008 (42 U.S.C. 1758a) is repealed.
    (b) No Collection of Debt.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of the 
        Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et 
        seq.) or any other provision of law, effective beginning on the 
        date of enactment of this Act, as a condition of participation 
        in the school lunch program under that Act, a school--
                    (A) shall not collect any debt owed to the school 
                for unpaid meal charges; and
                    (B) shall continue to accrue debt for unpaid meal 
                charges--
                            (i) for the purpose of receiving 
                        reimbursement under section 213; and
                            (ii) until the effective date specified in 
                        section 2.
            (2) National school lunch act.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 9 of the Richard B. 
                Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1758) is 
                amended by striking subsection (d) and inserting the 
                following:
    ``(d) No Collection of Debt.--A school participating in the school 
lunch program under this Act shall not collect any debt owed to the 
school for unpaid meal charges.''.
                    (B) Conforming amendments.--Section 9(b)(8)(A) of 
                the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1758(b)(8)(A)) is amended by striking ``or 
                subsection (d)''.

SEC. 204. SPECIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 11 of the Richard B. Russell National 
School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1759a) is repealed.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 6 of the Richard B. Russell National School 
        Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1755) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``sections 11 
                and 13'' and inserting ``section 13''; and
                    (B) in subsection (e)(1), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A), by striking ``section 4, this 
                section, and section 11'' and inserting ``this section 
                and section 4''.
            (2) Section 7(d) of the Richard B. Russell National School 
        Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1756(d)) is amended by striking ``or 11''.
            (3) Section 8(g) of the Richard B. Russell National School 
        Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1757(g)) is amended by striking ``and 
        under section 11 of this Act''.
            (4) Section 12(f) of the Richard B. Russell National School 
        Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1760(f)) is amended by striking ``11,''.
            (5) Section 7(a) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 
        U.S.C. 1766(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``4, 11, and 
                17'' and inserting ``4 and 17''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``sections 4 
                and 11'' and inserting ``section 4''.

SEC. 205. PRICE FOR A PAID LUNCH.

    Section 12 of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1760) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (p); and
            (2) by redesignating subsections (q) and (r) as subsections 
        (p) and (q), respectively.

SEC. 206. SUMMER FOOD SERVICE PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN.

    Section 13 of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1761) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(C) Waiver.--If the Secretary determines that a 
                program requirement under this section limits the 
                access of children to meals served under this section, 
                the Secretary may waive that program requirement.
                    ``(D) Eligibility.--All children shall be eligible 
                to participate in the program under this section.''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (5), by striking ``only for'' and 
                all that follows through the period at the end and 
                inserting ``for meals served to all children.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``may only serve'' 
        and all that follows through ``migrant children'';
            (3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Payments shall be made to service 
        institutions for meals served--
                    ``(A) during the months of May through September;
                    ``(B) during school vacation at any time during an 
                academic school year;
                    ``(C) during a teacher in-service day; and
                    ``(D) on days that school is closed during the 
                months of October through April due to a natural 
                disaster, building repair, court order, or similar 
                cause, as determined by the Secretary.
            ``(2) Limitation on payments.--A service institution shall 
        receive payments under this section for not more than 3 meals 
        and 1 supplement per child per day.''; and
            (4) in subsection (f)(3), by striking ``, except that'' and 
        all that follows through ``section''.

SEC. 207. SUMMER ELECTRONIC BENEFIT TRANSFER FOR CHILDREN PROGRAM.

    Section 13(a) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1761(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(13) Summer electronic benefit transfer for children 
        program.--
                    ``(A) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) EBT card.--The term `EBT card' means 
                        an electronic benefit transfer card.
                            ``(ii) Eligible household.--The term 
                        `eligible household' means a household with--
                                    ``(I) an income that does not 
                                exceed 200 percent of the poverty line 
                                (as defined in section 673 of the 
                                Community Services Block Grant Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 9902)); and
                                    ``(II) one or more children.
                            ``(iii) Program.--The term `Program' means 
                        the Summer Electronic Benefit Transfer for 
                        Children Program established under subparagraph 
                        (B).
                    ``(B) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish 
                a national program, to be known as the `Summer 
                Electronic Benefit Transfer for Children Program', 
                under which the Secretary shall issue EBT cards to 
                eligible households to provide food assistance during 
                the summer months.
                    ``(C) EBT amount.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The value of an EBT card 
                        provided under the Program to an eligible 
                        household shall be $60 per month per child 
                        (adjusted for inflation).
                            ``(ii) Annual limitation.--No eligible 
                        household shall receive benefits under the 
                        Program for more than 3 months in a calendar 
                        year.
                    ``(D) Administration.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided under 
                        this paragraph, the Program shall be based on 
                        the summer electronic benefit transfer for 
                        children demonstration program carried out 
                        pursuant to section 749(g) of the Agriculture, 
                        Rural Development, Food and Drug 
                        Administration, and Related Agencies 
                        Appropriations Act, 2010 (Public Law 111-80; 
                        123 Stat. 2132).
                            ``(ii) SNAP or wic.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Subject to 
                                subclause (II), a State shall 
                                administer the Program through the 
                                supplemental nutrition assistance 
                                program established under the Food and 
                                Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et 
                                seq.).
                                    ``(II) WIC option.--If a State has 
                                participated in the demonstration 
                                program described in clause (i) before 
                                the effective date specified in section 
                                2 of the Universal School Meals Program 
                                Act of 2019, the State may elect to 
                                administer the Program through the 
                                special supplemental nutrition program 
                                for women, infants, and children 
                                established by section 17 of the Child 
                                Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786).
                    ``(E) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
                authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry 
                out this paragraph such sums as are necessary for 
                fiscal year 2020 and each fiscal year thereafter.''.

SEC. 208. CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM.

    Section 17 of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1766) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking subparagraph (B) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) any other private organization providing 
                nonresidential child care or day care outside school 
                hours for school children;'';
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Free Meals.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law--
            ``(1) all meals and supplements served under the program 
        authorized under this section shall be provided for free to 
        participants of the program; and
            ``(2) an institution that serves those meals and 
        supplements shall be reimbursed--
                    ``(A) in the case of breakfast, at the rate 
                established for free breakfast under section 
                4(b)(1)(B)(i) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 
                U.S.C. 1773(b)(1)(B)(i));
                    ``(B) in the case of lunch, at the rate established 
                for free lunch under section 4(b)(2)(A); and
                    ``(C) in the case of a supplemental meal, $0.30, 
                adjusted for inflation in accordance with section 
                4(b)(2)(C).'';
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (B) 
                and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) Limitation to reimbursements.--An institution 
                may claim reimbursement under this paragraph for not 
                more than 3 meals and 1 supplement per day per 
                child.''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (3); and
            (4) in subsection (r)--
                    (A) in the subsection heading, by striking 
                ``Program for At-risk School Children'' and inserting 
                ``Afterschool Meal and Snack Program'';
                    (B) by striking ``at-risk school'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``eligible'';
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``at-risk school'' and inserting ``eligible''; 
                        and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                        ``operated'' and all that follows through the 
                        period at the end and inserting a period; and
                    (D) in paragraph (4)(A), by striking ``only for'' 
                and all that follows through the period at the end and 
                inserting the following: ``for--
                            ``(i) not more than 1 meal and 1 supplement 
                        per child per day served on a regular school 
                        day; and
                            ``(ii) not more than 3 meals and 1 
                        supplement per child per day served on any day 
                        other than a regular school day.''.

SEC. 209. MEALS AND SUPPLEMENTS FOR CHILDREN IN AFTERSCHOOL CARE.

    Section 17A of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 
U.S.C. 1766a) is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``meal 
        supplements'' and inserting ``meals and supplements'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``meal supplements'' 
        and inserting ``free meals and supplements'';
            (3) in subsection (b), by inserting ``meals and'' before 
        ``supplements''; and
            (4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
    ``(c) Reimbursement.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Meals.--A free meal provided under this 
                section to a child shall be reimbursed at a rate of 
                $3.81, adjusted annually for inflation in accordance 
                with paragraph (3)(A) and rounded in accordance with 
                paragraph (3)(B).
                    ``(B) Supplements.--A free supplement provided 
                under this section to a child shall be reimbursed at 
                the rate at which free supplements are reimbursed under 
                section 17(c)(2)(C).
            ``(2) Limitation to reimbursements.--An institution may 
        claim reimbursement under this section for not more than 1 meal 
        and 1 supplement per day per child served on a regular school 
        day.
            ``(3) Inflation; rounding.--
                    ``(A) Inflation adjustment.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The annual inflation 
                        adjustment under paragraph (1)(A) shall reflect 
                        changes in the cost of operating the program 
                        under this section, as indicated by the change 
                        in the Consumer Price Index for food away from 
                        home for all urban consumers.
                            ``(ii) Basis.--Each inflation annual 
                        adjustment under paragraph (1)(A) shall reflect 
                        the changes in the Consumer Price Index for 
                        food away from home for the most recent 12-
                        month period for which that data is available.
                    ``(B) Rounding.--On July 1, 2020, and annually 
                thereafter, the reimbursement rate for a free meal 
                under this section shall be--
                            ``(i) adjusted to the nearest lower-cent 
                        increment; and
                            ``(ii) based on the unrounded amounts for 
                        the preceding 12-month period.''.

SEC. 210. ACCESS TO LOCAL FOODS: FARM TO SCHOOL PROGRAM.

    Section 18(g)(5) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1769(g)(5)) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and 
inserting the following:
                    ``(B) serve a high proportion of identified 
                students (as defined in paragraph (8) of section 
                1113(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
                of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)));''.

SEC. 211. FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROGRAM.

    Section 19(d) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1769a(d)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``paragraph (2) of this subsection and'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``school--'' and all that 
                follows through ``submits'' in clause (ii) and 
                inserting ``school that submits'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``schools'' 
                and all that follows through ``Act'' and inserting 
                ``high-need schools (as defined in section 2211(b) of 
                the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 6631(b)))''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (D)--
                            (i) by striking clause (i); and
                            (ii) by redesignating clauses (ii) through 
                        (iv) as clauses (i) through (iii), 
                        respectively; and
            (2) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(3) Outreach to high-need schools.--Prior to making 
        decisions regarding school participation in the program, a 
        State agency shall inform high-need schools (as defined in 
        section 2211(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
        of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6631(b))), including Tribal schools, of the 
        eligibility of the schools for the program.''.

SEC. 212. TRAINING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AND FOOD SERVICE MANAGEMENT 
              INSTITUTE.

    Section 21(a)(1)(B) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1769b-1(a)(1)(B)) is amended in the matter preceding 
clause (i) by striking ``certified'' and all that follows through 
``meals'' and inserting ``who are identified students (as defined in 
paragraph (8) of section 1113(a) of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(a))''.

SEC. 213. REIMBURSEMENT OF SCHOOL MEAL DELINQUENT DEBT PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Delinquent debt.--The term ``delinquent debt'' means 
        the debt owed by a parent or guardian of a child to a school--
                    (A) as of the effective date specified in section 
                2; and
                    (B) for meals served by the school under--
                            (i) the school breakfast program under 
                        section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 
                        (42 U.S.C. 1773);
                            (ii) the school lunch program established 
                        under the Richard B. Russell National School 
                        Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.); or
                            (iii) both of the programs described in 
                        clauses (i) and (ii).
            (2) Program.--The term ``program'' means the program 
        established under subsection (b)(1).
            (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
    (b) Reimbursement Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the 
        effective date specified in section 2, the Secretary shall 
        establish a program under which the Secretary shall reimburse 
        each school participating in a program described in clause (i) 
        or (ii) of subsection (a)(1)(B) for all delinquent debt.
            (2) Form for reimbursement.--To carry out the program, the 
        Secretary shall design and distribute a form to State agencies 
        to collect data on all delinquent debt in applicable schools in 
        the State, grouped by school food authority.
            (3) Completion date.--The Secretary shall provide all 
        reimbursements under the program not later than 180 days after 
        the effective date specified in section 2.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the effective date 
specified in section 2, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to Congress and make publicly available a report that 
describes the successes and challenges of the program.

           TITLE III--ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION DATA

SEC. 301. MEASURE OF POVERTY.

    Section 1113(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ``the number of 
        children eligible for a free or reduced price lunch under the 
        Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et 
        seq.)'' and inserting ``the number of identified students''; 
        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Identified students defined.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In this subsection, the term 
                `identified students' means the number of students--
                            ``(i) who are--
                                    ``(I) homeless children and youths, 
                                as defined under section 725(2) of the 
                                McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 11434a(2));
                                    ``(II) runaway and homeless youth 
                                served by programs established under 
                                the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (34 
                                U.S.C. 11201 et seq.);
                                    ``(III) migratory children, as 
                                defined under section 1309; or
                                    ``(IV) foster children;
                            ``(ii) who are eligible for and receiving 
                        medical assistance under the program of medical 
                        assistance established under title XIX of the 
                        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 et seq.); 
                        or
                            ``(iii) who participate (or who are part of 
                        a household that participates) in at least one 
                        of the following:
                                    ``(I) The supplemental nutrition 
                                assistance program established under 
                                the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                                U.S.C. 2011 et seq.).
                                    ``(II) A State program funded under 
                                the program of block grants to States 
                                for temporary assistance for needy 
                                families established under part A of 
                                title IV of the Social Security Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
                                    ``(III) The food distribution 
                                program on Indian reservations 
                                established under section 4(b) of the 
                                Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 
                                U.S.C. 2013(b)).
                                    ``(IV) A Head Start program 
                                authorized under the Head Start Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) or a comparable 
                                State-funded Head Start or pre-
                                kindergarten program.
                    ``(B) Multiplier.--In determining the number of 
                identified students under subparagraph (A), the local 
                educational agency shall multiply the number determined 
                under such subparagraph by 1.6.''.

            TITLE IV--AMENDMENTS TO OTHER PROGRAMS AND LAWS

SEC. 401. SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.

    (a) Agreement for Direct Certification.--
            (1) In general.--Section 11 of the Food and Nutrition Act 
        of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020) is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (u); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (v) through (x) as 
                subsections (u) through (w), respectively.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--Section 11(e) of the Food and 
        Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2020(e)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (8)(F), by striking ``or 
                subsection (u)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (26)(B), by striking ``(x)'' and 
                inserting ``(w)''.
    (b) Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program.--
Section 28(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a(a)) 
is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) an individual eligible for benefits under this 
        Act;''.

SEC. 402. HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.

    (a) Teacher Quality Enhancement.--Subparagraph (A) of section 
200(11) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1021(11)) is 
amended to read as follows:
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `high-need school' 
                means a school that is in the highest quartile of 
                schools in a ranking of all schools served by a local 
                educational agency, ranked in descending order by 
                percentage of students from low-income families 
                enrolled in such schools, as determined by the local 
                educational agency based on one of the following 
                measures of poverty:
                            ``(i) The percentage of students aged 5 
                        through 17 in poverty counted in the most 
                        recent census data approved by the Secretary.
                            ``(ii) The percentage of students in 
                        families receiving assistance under the State 
                        program funded under the program of block 
                        grants to States for temporary assistance for 
                        needy families established under part A of 
                        title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
                        601 et seq.).
                            ``(iii) The percentage of students eligible 
                        to receive medical assistance under the program 
                        of medical assistance established under title 
                        XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 
                        et seq.).
                            ``(iv) A composite of two or more of the 
                        measures described in clauses (i) through 
                        (iii).''.
    (b) GEAR Up.--Subparagraph (A) of section 404B(d)(1) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a-22(d)(1)) is amended to read as 
follows:
                    ``(A) provide services under this chapter to at 
                least one grade level of students, beginning not later 
                than 7th grade, in a participating school--
                            ``(i) that has a 7th grade; and
                            ``(ii) in which--
                                    ``(I) at least 50 percent of the 
                                students enrolled are identified 
                                students (as defined in section 
                                1113(a)(8) of the Elementary and 
                                Secondary Education Act of 1965); or
                                    ``(II) if an eligible entity 
                                determines that it would promote the 
                                effectiveness of a program, an entire 
                                grade level of students, beginning not 
                                later than the 7th grade, reside in 
                                public housing, as defined in section 
                                3(b)(1) of the United States Housing 
                                Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437a(b)(1)).''.
    (c) Simplified Needs Test.--Section 479(d)(2) of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ss(d)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (C); and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (F) as 
        subparagraphs (C) through (E), respectively.
    (d) Early Federal Pell Grant Commitment Demonstration Program.--
Section 894(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1161y(b)) 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``qualify for a free 
        or reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell 
        National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) or the Child 
        Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.)'' and inserting 
        ``are identified students (as defined in section 1113(a)(8) of 
        the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``eligible for a free or 
        reduced price school lunch under the Richard B. Russell 
        National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) or the Child 
        Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.)'' and inserting 
        ``identified students (as defined in section 1113(a)(8) of the 
        Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965)''.

SEC. 403. ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.

    (a) Literacy Education for All.--Section 2221(b)(3)(B) of the 
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
6641(b)(3)(B)) is amended--
            (1) by striking clause (i); and
            (2) by redesignating clauses (ii) and (iii) as clauses (i) 
        and (ii), respectively.
    (b) Grants for Education Innovation and Research.--Section 
4611(d)(2) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 7261(d)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (B); and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as 
        subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively.
    (c) Eligibility for Heavily Impacted Local Educational Agencies.--
Item (bb) of section 7003(b)(2)(B)(i)(III) of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7703(b)(2)(B)(i)(III)) is 
amended to read as follows:
                                            ``(bb) has an enrollment of 
                                        children described in 
                                        subsection (a)(1) that 
                                        constitutes a percentage of the 
                                        total student enrollment of the 
                                        agency that is not less than 30 
                                        percent; or''.

SEC. 404. AMERICA COMPETES ACT.

    Section 6122(3) of the America COMPETES Act (20 U.S.C. 9832(3)) is 
amended by striking ``data on children eligible for free or reduced-
price lunches under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch 
Act,''.

SEC. 405. WORKFORCE INNOVATION AND OPPORTUNITY ACT.

    Section 3(36)(A) of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act 
(29 U.S.C. 3102(36)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by striking clause (iv); and
            (2) by redesignating clauses (v) and (vi) as clauses (iv) 
        and (v), respectively.

SEC. 406. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2002.

    Section 4(8) of the National Science Foundation Authorization Act 
of 2002 (42 U.S.C. 1862n note) is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (A); and
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively.

SEC. 407. CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT.

    Section 658O(b) of the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act 
of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858m(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``school lunch 
        factor'' and inserting ``identified students factor''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Identified students factor.--The term `identified 
        students factor' means the ratio of the number of children in 
        the State who are identified students (as defined in paragraph 
        (8) of section 1113(a) of the Elementary and Secondary 
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)) to the number of such 
        children in all the States as determined annually by the 
        Secretary of Education.''.

SEC. 408. CHILDREN'S HEALTH ACT OF 2000.

    Section 1404(b) of the Children's Health Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 
9859c(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``school lunch 
        factor'' and inserting ``identified students factor''; and
            (2) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Identified students factor.--In this subsection, the 
        term `identified students factor' means the ratio of the number 
        of children in the State who are identified students (as 
        defined in paragraph (8) of section 1113(a) of the Elementary 
        and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)) to the 
        number of such children in all the States as determined 
        annually by the Secretary of Education.''.

SEC. 409. JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION.

    Section 252(i) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention 
Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11162(i)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(i) Free School Lunches for Incarcerated Juveniles.--
            ``(1) In general.--A juvenile who is incarcerated in an 
        eligible juvenile detention center is eligible to receive free 
        lunch under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.).
            ``(2) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of the Universal School Meals Program Act of 
        2019, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary 
        of Agriculture, shall provide guidance to States relating to 
        the options for school food authorities in the States to apply 
        for reimbursement for free lunches under the Richard B. Russell 
        National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.) for 
        juveniles who are incarcerated.
            ``(3) Eligible juvenile detention center defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term `eligible juvenile detention center' does 
        not include any private, for-profit detention center.''.
                                 <all>