Title: Missing Children's Assistance Act of 2018
Policy area: Crime and Law Enforcement

Summary:
Missing Children's Assistance Act of 2018
This bill amends the Missing Children's Assistance Act:
The bill reauthorizes through FY2023:

[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3354 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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115th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3354

To amend the Missing Children's Assistance Act, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            August 16, 2018

 Mr. Grassley (for himself, Mrs. Feinstein, Mr. Hatch, Ms. Klobuchar, 
 and Mr. Portman) introduced the following bill; which was read twice 
             and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
To amend the Missing Children's Assistance Act, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Missing Children's Assistance Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 2. IMPROVING SUPPORT FOR MISSING AND EXPLOITED CHILDREN.

    (a) Findings.--Section 402 of the Missing Children's Assistance Act 
(34 U.S.C. 11291) is amended--
            (1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) each year tens of thousands of children run away, or 
        are abducted or removed, from the control of a parent having 
        legal custody without the consent of that parent, under 
        circumstances which immediately place the child in grave 
        danger;'';
            (2) by striking paragraphs (4), (5), and (9);
            (3) by redesignating paragraphs (6), (7), (8), and (10) as 
        paragraphs (4), (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
            (4) in paragraph (4), as so redesignated, by inserting ``, 
        including child sex trafficking and sextortion'' after 
        ``exploitation'';
            (5) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated, by adding ``and'' 
        at the end; and
            (6) by amending paragraph (7), as so redesignated, to read 
        as follows:
            ``(7) the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 
        Prevention administers programs under this title, including 
        programs that prevent and address offenses committed against 
        vulnerable children and supports missing children's 
        organizations, including the National Center for Missing and 
        Exploited Children that--
                    ``(A) serves as a nonprofit, national resource 
                center and clearinghouse to provide assistance to 
                victims, families, child-serving professionals, and the 
                general public;
                    ``(B) works with the Department of Justice, the 
                Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States 
                Marshals Service, the Department of the Treasury, the 
                Department of State, U.S. Immigration and Customs 
                Enforcement, the United States Secret Service, the 
                United States Postal Inspection Service, other 
                agencies, and nongovernmental organizations in the 
                effort to find missing children and to prevent child 
                victimization; and
                    ``(C) coordinates with each of the missing children 
                clearinghouses operated by the 50 States, the District 
                of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and international 
                organizations to transmit images and information 
                regarding missing and exploited children to law 
                enforcement agencies, nongovernmental organizations, 
                and corporate partners across the United States and 
                around the world instantly.''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 403 of the Missing Children's Assistance 
Act (34 U.S.C. 11292) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) the term `missing child' means any individual less 
        than 18 years of age whose whereabouts are unknown to such 
        individual's parent;'';
            (2) in paragraph (2) by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) the term `parent' includes a legal guardian or other 
        individual who may lawfully exercise parental rights with 
        respect to the child.''.
    (c) Duties and Functions of the Administrator.--Section 404 of the 
Missing Children's Assistance Act (34 U.S.C. 11293) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (3) by striking ``telephone line'' 
                and inserting ``hotline''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (6)(E)--
                            (i) by striking ``telephone line'' and 
                        inserting ``hotline'';
                            (ii) by striking ``(b)(1)(A) and'' and 
                        inserting ``(b)(1)(A),''; and
                            (iii) by inserting ``, and the number and 
                        types of reports to the tipline established 
                        under subsection (b)(1)(K)(i)'' before the 
                        semicolon at the end;
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``telephone line'' each 
                        place it appears and inserting ``hotline''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``legal custodian'' and 
                        inserting ``parent'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (C)--
                            (i) in clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``restaurant'' and 
                                inserting ``food''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``and'' at the 
                                end;
                            (ii) in clause (ii) by adding ``and'' at 
                        the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) innovative and model programs, 
                        services, and legislation that benefit missing 
                        and exploited children;'';
                    (C) by striking subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), (L), 
                (M), (P) and (R);
                    (D) by redesignating subparagraphs (H) through (K) 
                as subparagraphs (E) through (H), respectively;
                    (E) by redesignating subparagraphs (N) and (O) as 
                subparagraphs (I) and (J), respectively;
                    (F) by redesignating subparagraph (Q) as 
                subparagraph (K);
                    (G) by redesignating subparagraphs (S) through (V) 
                as subparagraphs (L) through (O), respectively;
                    (H) by amending subparagraph (E), as so 
                redesignated, to read as follows:
                    ``(E) provide technical assistance and training to 
                families, law enforcement agencies, State and local 
                governments, elements of the criminal justice system, 
                nongovernmental agencies, local educational agencies, 
                and the general public--
                            ``(i) in the prevention, investigation, 
                        prosecution, and treatment of cases involving 
                        missing and exploited children;
                            ``(ii) to respond to foster children 
                        missing from the State child welfare system in 
                        coordination with child welfare agencies and 
                        courts handling juvenile justice and dependency 
                        matters; and
                            ``(iii) in the identification, location, 
                        and recovery of victims of, and children at 
                        risk for, child sex trafficking;'';
                    (I) by amending subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H), as 
                so redesignated, to read as follows:
                    ``(F) provide assistance to families, law 
                enforcement agencies, State and local governments, 
                nongovernmental agencies, child-serving professionals, 
                and other individuals involved in the location and 
                recovery of missing and abducted children nationally 
                and, in cooperation with the Department of State, 
                internationally;
                    ``(G) provide support and technical assistance to 
                child-serving professionals involved in helping to 
                recover missing and exploited children by searching 
                public records databases to help in the identification, 
                location, and recovery of such children, and help in 
                the location and identification of potential abductors 
                and offenders;
                    ``(H) provide forensic and direct on-site technical 
                assistance and consultation to families, law 
                enforcement agencies, child-serving professionals, and 
                nongovernmental organizations in child abduction and 
                exploitation cases, including facial reconstruction of 
                skeletal remains and similar techniques to assist in 
                the identification of unidentified deceased 
                children;'';
                    (J) by amending subparagraph (I), as so 
                redesignated, to read as follows:
                    ``(I) provide training, technical assistance, and 
                information to nongovernmental organizations relating 
                to non-compliant sex offenders and to law enforcement 
                agencies in identifying and locating such 
                individuals;'';
                    (K) by amending subparagraph (K), as so 
                redesignated, to read as follows:
                    ``(K) work with families, law enforcement agencies, 
                electronic service providers, electronic payment 
                service providers, technology companies, 
                nongovernmental organizations, and others on methods to 
                reduce the existence and distribution of online images 
                and videos of sexually exploited children--
                            ``(i) by operating a tipline to--
                                    ``(I) provide to individuals and 
                                electronic service providers an 
                                effective means of reporting Internet-
                                related and other instances of child 
                                sexual exploitation in the areas of--
                                            ``(aa) possession, 
                                        manufacture, and distribution 
                                        of child pornography;
                                            ``(bb) online enticement of 
                                        children for sexual acts;
                                            ``(cc) child sex 
                                        trafficking;
                                            ``(dd) sex tourism 
                                        involving children;
                                            ``(ee) extra familial child 
                                        sexual molestation;
                                            ``(ff) unsolicited obscene 
                                        material sent to a child;
                                            ``(gg) misleading domain 
                                        names; and
                                            ``(hh) misleading words or 
                                        digital images on the Internet; 
                                        and
                                    ``(II) make reports received 
                                through the tipline available to the 
                                appropriate law enforcement agency for 
                                its review and potential investigation;
                            ``(ii) by operating a child victim 
                        identification program to assist law 
                        enforcement agencies in identifying victims of 
                        child pornography and other sexual crimes to 
                        support the recovery of children from sexually 
                        exploitative situations; and
                            ``(iii) by utilizing emerging technologies 
                        to provide additional outreach and educational 
                        materials to parents and families;''; and
                    (L) by amending subparagraphs (L) and (M), as so 
                redesignated, to read as follows:
                    ``(L) develop and disseminate programs and 
                information to families, child-serving professionals, 
                law enforcement agencies, State and local governments, 
                nongovernmental organizations, schools, local 
                educational agencies, child-serving organizations, and 
                the general public on--
                            ``(i) the prevention of child abduction and 
                        sexual exploitation;
                            ``(ii) Internet safety, including tips for 
                        social media and cyberbullying; and
                            ``(iii) sexting and sextortion; and
                    ``(M) provide technical assistance and training to 
                local educational agencies, schools, State and local 
                law enforcement agencies, individuals, and other 
                nongovernmental organizations that assist with finding 
                missing and abducted children in identifying and 
                recovering such children;''.
    (d) Grants.--Section 405 of the Missing Children's Assistance Act 
(34 U.S.C. 11294) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (7) by striking ``(as defined in 
                section 403(1)(A))''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (8)--
                            (i) by striking ``legal custodians'' and 
                        inserting ``parents''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``custodians''' and 
                        inserting ``parents'''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by striking ``legal 
        custodians'' and inserting ``parents''.
    (e) Reporting.--The Missing Children's Assistance Act (34 U.S.C. 
11291 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating sections 407 and 408 as sections 408 
        and 409, respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after section 406 (34 U.S.C. 11295) the 
        following:

``SEC. 407. REPORTING.

    ``(a) Required Reporting.--As a condition of receiving funds under 
section 404(b), the grant recipient shall, based solely on reports 
received by the grantee and not involving any data collection by the 
grantee other than those reports, annually provide to the Administrator 
and make available to the general public, as appropriate--
            ``(1) the number of children nationwide who are reported to 
        the grantee as missing;
            ``(2) the number of children nationwide who are reported to 
        the grantee as victims of non-family abductions;
            ``(3) the number of children nationwide who are reported to 
        the grantee as victims of family abductions; and
            ``(4) the number of missing children recovered nationwide 
        whose recovery was reported to the grantee.
    ``(b) Incidence of Attempted Child Abductions.--As a condition of 
receiving funds under section 404(b), the grant recipient shall--
            ``(1) track the incidence of attempted child abductions in 
        order to identify links and patterns;
            ``(2) provide such information to law enforcement agencies; 
        and
            ``(3) make such information available to the general 
        public, as appropriate.''.

SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; AUDIT REQUIREMENT.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 409(a) of the Missing 
Children's Assistance Act, as so redesignated by section 2, is amended 
by striking ``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.
    (b) Audit Requirement.--Section 408(1) of the Missing Children's 
Assistance Act, as so redesignated by section 2, is amended by striking 
``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 4. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Effective Date.--Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act 
and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of 
the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Application of Amendments.--The amendments made by section 2 
shall apply with respect to fiscal years that begin after September 30, 
2018.
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