Title: Counteracting Russian Hostilities Act of 2017
Policy area: International Affairs

Summary:
Counteracting Russian Hostilities Act of 2017
This bill directs the President to impose U.S. entry and property blocking sanctions against: (1) a person that engages in significant activities for the government of the Russian Federation that undermine U.S. or allied cyber security, or (2) a foreign person responsible for serious human rights abuses in any territory occupied or controlled by Russia.
The President shall impose specified financial and property sanctions against a person that: (1) engages in a significant transaction on behalf of Russian defense or intelligence sectors; (2) invests specified amounts in Russian petroleum or natural gas resources, energy export pipelines, or civil nuclear projects; (3) purchases or facilitates the issuance of Russian sovereign debt; or (4) contributes to Russia's ability to privatize state-owned assets.
The Department of Homeland Security shall conduct public service campaigns to educate the people of the United States on cyber security threats and protective online practices.
No federal agency shall take any action that recognizes: (1) Russian sovereignty over Crimea, or (2) the independence of South Ossetia or Abkhazia from Georgia.
It is U.S. policy to assist Ukraine in restoring its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Specified executive orders imposing Ukraine-related sanctions shall remain in effect.
The bill expresses the sense of Congress that the countries of Europe and Eurasia should redouble efforts to build resilience within their political systems and civil society to counter Russian efforts to undermine democratic institutions.
The Department of State shall report to Congress regarding Russian-controlled media outlets.
The bill establishes in the Treasury the Europe and Eurasia Democracy and Anti-Corruption Fund.
The Department of the Treasury shall establish a task force within the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network that focuses on illicit Russian-linked financial flows that interact with the U.S. financial system.

[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 94 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






115th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                 S. 94

 To impose sanctions in response to cyber intrusions by the Government 
   of the Russian Federation and other aggressive activities of the 
              Russian Federation, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            January 11, 2017

  Mr. Cardin (for himself, Mr. McCain, Mr. Menendez, Mr. Graham, Mrs. 
   Shaheen, Mr. Rubio, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Sasse, Mr. Durbin, and Mr. 
   Portman) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
             referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To impose sanctions in response to cyber intrusions by the Government 
   of the Russian Federation and other aggressive activities of the 
              Russian Federation, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Counteracting 
Russian Hostilities Act of 2017''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
              TITLE I--COUNTERING RUSSIAN CYBER INTRUSIONS

Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 102. Findings.
Sec. 103. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons engaging in 
                            significant activities undermining 
                            cybersecurity and democratic institutions.
Sec. 104. Codification of Executive Order 13694.
Sec. 105. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons engaging in 
                            transactions with the intelligence or 
                            defense sectors of the Government of the 
                            Russian Federation.
Sec. 106. Exemptions, waivers, and rulemaking.
Sec. 107. Public service campaign relating to cybersecurity and 
                            combating disinformation.
Sec. 108. Termination.
Sec. 109. Rule of construction.
                TITLE II--COUNTERING RUSSIAN AGGRESSION

Sec. 201. Short title.
Sec. 202. Findings.
Sec. 203. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 204. Prohibitions against United States recognition of the Russian 
                            Federation's annexation of Crimea and 
                            occupation of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
Sec. 205. Statements of policy with respect to Ukraine.
Sec. 206. Codification of Executive orders imposing sanctions in 
                            relation to the situation in Ukraine.
Sec. 207. Sanctions with respect to the development and production of 
                            petroleum and natural gas resources in the 
                            Russian Federation.
Sec. 208. Sanctions with respect to the development of pipelines in the 
                            Russian Federation.
Sec. 209. Sanctions with respect to the development of civil nuclear 
                            projects by the Russian Federation.
Sec. 210. Sanctions with respect to purchase, subscription to, or 
                            facilitation of the issuance of sovereign 
                            debt of the Russian Federation.
Sec. 211. Sanctions with respect to investment in or facilitation of 
                            privatization of state-owned assets by the 
                            Russian Federation.
Sec. 212. Prohibiting certain transactions in areas controlled by the 
                            Russian Federation.
Sec. 213. Sanctions described.
Sec. 214. Exemptions, waivers, and rulemaking.
Sec. 215. Inclusion of all funds in records of certain transactions.
Sec. 216. Termination.
Sec. 217. Rule of construction.
 TITLE III--EUROPE AND EURASIA DEMOCRACY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION INITIATIVE

Sec. 301. Short title.
Sec. 302. Findings.
Sec. 303. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 304. Report on advertising on media outlets controlled and funded 
                            by the Government of the Russian 
                            Federation.
Sec. 305. Europe and Eurasia Democracy and Anti-Corruption Fund.
Sec. 306. Establishment of a Russia unit in the Financial Crimes 
                            Enforcement Network.
Sec. 307. Termination.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the 
                Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland 
                Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Select Committee on 
                Intelligence of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee 
                on Financial Services, the Committee on Armed Services, 
                the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Permanent Select Committee on 
                Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Good.--The term ``good'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 16 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 
        U.S.C. 4618) (as continued in effect pursuant to the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 
        seq.)).
            (3) International financial institution.--The term 
        ``international financial institution'' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 1701(c) of the International Financial 
        Institutions Act (22 U.S.C. 262r(c)).
            (4) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'', with respect to 
        conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has 
        actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
        circumstance, or the result.
            (5) Person.--The term ``person'' means an individual or 
        entity.
            (6) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States; 
                or
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or of any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity.

              TITLE I--COUNTERING RUSSIAN CYBER INTRUSIONS

SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Russian Cyber Intrusions Sanctions 
Act of 2017''.

SEC. 102. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) On October 7, 2016, the Department of Homeland Security 
        and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence stated, 
        the ``U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) is confident that the 
        Russian government directed the recent compromises of e-mails 
        from U.S. persons and institutions, including from U.S. 
        political organizations. The recent disclosures of alleged 
        hacked e-mails on sites like DCLeaks.com and WikiLeaks and by 
        the Guccifer 2.0 online persona are consistent with the methods 
        and motivations of Russian-directed efforts.''. The statement 
        concluded that ``only Russia's senior-most officials could have 
        authorized these activities''.
            (2) On April 1, 2015, President Barack Obama issued 
        Executive Order 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking 
        the property of certain persons engaging in significant 
        malicious cyber-enabled activities), which authorizes the 
        Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney 
        General and the Secretary of State, to impose sanctions on 
        persons determined to be engaged in malicious cyber-hacking.
            (3) On July 26, 2016, President Obama approved a 
        Presidential Policy Directive on United States Cyber Incident 
        Coordination, which states, ``certain cyber incidents that have 
        significant impacts on an entity, our national security, or the 
        broader economy require a unique approach to response 
        efforts''.
            (4) On December 29, 2016, President Obama issued an annex 
        to Executive Order 13694, which authorized sanctions on the 
        following entities and individuals:
                    (A) The Main Intelligence Directorate (also known 
                as Glavnoe Razvedyvatel'noe Upravlenie or the GRU) in 
                Moscow, Russian Federation.
                    (B) The Federal Security Service (also known as 
                Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti or the FSB) in Moscow, 
                Russian Federation.
                    (C) The Special Technology Center (also known as 
                STLC, Ltd. Special Technology Center St. Petersburg) in 
                St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
                    (D) Zorsecurity (also known as Esage Lab) in 
                Moscow, Russian Federation.
                    (E) The autonomous noncommercial organization known 
                as the Professional Association of Designers of Data 
                Processing Systems (also known as ANO PO KSI) in 
                Moscow, Russian Federation.
                    (F) Igor Valentinovich Korobov.
                    (G) Sergey Aleksandrovich Gizunov.
                    (H) Igor Olegovich Kostyukov.
                    (I) Vladimir Stepanovich Alexseyev.
            (5) On January 6, 2017, an assessment of the United States 
        intelligence community entitled, ``Assessing Russian Activities 
        and Intentions in Recent U.S. Elections'' stated, ``Russian 
        President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 
        aimed at the United States presidential election. Russia's 
        goals were to undermine public faith in the United States 
        democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her 
        electability and potential presidency.''. The intelligence 
        community ``did not make an assessment of the impact that 
        Russian activities had on the outcome of the 2016 election''. 
        The assessment warns that ``Moscow will apply lessons learned 
        from its Putin-ordered campaign aimed at the U.S. Presidential 
        election to future influence efforts worldwide, including 
        against U.S. allies and their election processes''.

SEC. 103. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS ENGAGING IN 
              SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES UNDERMINING CYBERSECURITY AND 
              DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) In General.--The President shall impose the sanctions described 
in subsection (b) with respect to any person that the President 
determines--
            (1) knowingly engages, on behalf of the Government of the 
        Russian Federation, in significant activities undermining 
        cybersecurity, through the use of computer networks or systems 
        against persons or governments, that--
                    (A) have a detrimental effect on public or private 
                infrastructure of the United States or an ally of the 
                United States; or
                    (B) result in the compromise of democratic 
                institutions of the United States or an ally of the 
                United States;
            (2) materially assists, sponsors, or provides financial, 
        material, or technological support for, or goods or services in 
        support of, an activity described in paragraph (1); or
            (3) is owned or controlled by, or acts or purports to act 
        for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, a person described 
        in paragraph (1).
    (b) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this 
subsection are the following:
            (1) Asset blocking.--The exercise of all powers granted to 
        the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
        Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
        and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in 
        property of a person determined by the President to be subject 
        to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property 
        are in the United States, come within the United States, or are 
        or come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.
            (2) Exclusion from the united states and revocation of visa 
        or other documentation.--In the case of an alien determined by 
        the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa 
        to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and 
        revocation in accordance with section 221(i) of the Immigration 
        and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), of any visa or other 
        documentation of the alien.
    (c) Requests by Chairperson and Ranking Member of Appropriate 
Congressional Committees.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after receiving a 
        written request from the chairperson and ranking member of one 
        of the appropriate congressional committees with respect to 
        whether a person meets the criteria for the imposition of 
        sanctions under subsection (a), the President shall submit a 
        response to the chairperson and ranking member of the committee 
        that made the request with respect to whether or not the person 
        meets such criteria.
            (2) Notification of termination of sanctions.--If the 
        President terminates sanctions imposed under subsection (a) 
        with respect to a person that was the subject of a request 
        under paragraph (1), the President shall notify the chairperson 
        and ranking member of the appropriate congressional committee 
        that made the request and provide to the chairperson and 
        ranking member any information that contributed to the decision 
        to terminate such sanctions.
            (3) Form.--The President may submit a response required by 
        paragraph (1) or a notification required by paragraph (3) in 
        classified form if the President determines that it is 
        necessary for the national security interests of the United 
        States to do so.
    (d) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 
        205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
        U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (b)(1).
            (2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of 
        subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued 
        to carry out subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to the 
        penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 
        of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
        act described in subsection (a) of that section.

SEC. 104. CODIFICATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 13694.

    Executive Order 13694 (80 Fed. Reg. 18077; relating to blocking the 
property of certain persons engaging in significant malicious cyber-
enabled activities), as in effect on the day before the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and any sanctions imposed pursuant to that 
Executive order, shall remain in effect until the date specified in 
section 108.

SEC. 105. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS ENGAGING IN 
              TRANSACTIONS WITH THE INTELLIGENCE OR DEFENSE SECTORS OF 
              THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    (a) List Required.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President 
shall submit to Congress a list of each person that knowingly, on or 
after such date of enactment, engages in a significant transaction with 
a person that is part of, or operates for or on behalf of, the defense 
or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation, 
including the Main Intelligence Agency of the General Staff of the 
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation or the Federal Security Service 
of the Russian Federation.
    (b) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President shall impose 5 or more 
of the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to a person 
on the list required by subsection (a).
    (c) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions to be imposed with respect 
to a person subject to subsection (b) are the following:
            (1) Export-import bank assistance for exports to sanctioned 
        persons.--The President may direct the Export-Import Bank of 
        the United States not to give approval to the issuance of any 
        guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation in 
        the extension of credit in connection with the export of any 
        goods or services to the person subject to subsection (b).
            (2) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
        States Government not to issue any specific license and not to 
        grant any other specific permission or authority to export any 
        goods or technology to the person subject to subsection (b) 
        under--
                    (A) the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 
                U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) (as continued in effect pursuant 
                to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
                U.S.C. 1701 et seq.));
                    (B) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
                seq.);
                    (C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 
                et seq.); or
                    (D) any other statute that requires the prior 
                review and approval of the United States Government as 
                a condition for the export or reexport of goods or 
                services.
            (3) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
        President may prohibit any United States financial institution 
        from making loans or providing credits to the person subject to 
        subsection (b) totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month 
        period unless the person is engaged in activities to relieve 
        human suffering and the loans or credits are provided for such 
        activities.
            (4) Loans from international financial institutions.--The 
        President may direct the United States executive director to 
        each international financial institution to use the voice and 
        vote of the United States to oppose any loan from the 
        international financial institution that would benefit the 
        person subject to subsection (b).
            (5) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The following 
        prohibitions may be imposed against the person subject to 
        subsection (b) if that person is a financial institution:
                    (A) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--
                Neither the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
                System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may 
                designate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
                designation of, the financial institution as a primary 
                dealer in United States Government debt instruments.
                    (B) Prohibition on service as a repository of 
                government funds.--The financial institution may not 
                serve as agent of the United States Government or serve 
                as repository for United States Government funds.
        The imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) 
        shall be treated as 1 sanction for purposes of subsection (b), 
        and the imposition of both such sanctions shall be treated as 2 
        sanctions for purposes of subsection (b).
            (6) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government may 
        not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, 
        any goods or services from the person subject to subsection 
        (b).
            (7) Foreign exchange.--The President may, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transactions in foreign exchange that are subject to the 
        jurisdiction of the United States and in which the person 
        subject to subsection (b) has any interest.
            (8) Banking transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions 
        or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
        that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
        of the United States and involve any interest of the person 
        subject to subsection (b).
            (9) Property transactions.--The President may, pursuant to 
        such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any 
        person from--
                    (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
                transferring, withdrawing, transporting, importing, or 
                exporting any property that is subject to the 
                jurisdiction of the United States and with respect to 
                which the person subject to subsection (b) has any 
                interest;
                    (B) dealing in or exercising any right, power, or 
                privilege with respect to such property; or
                    (C) conducting any transaction involving such 
                property.
            (10) Ban on investment in equity or debt of sanctioned 
        person.--The President may, pursuant to such regulations or 
        guidelines as the President may prescribe, prohibit any United 
        States person from investing in or purchasing significant 
        amounts of equity or debt instruments of the person subject to 
        subsection (b).
            (11) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President may 
        direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United 
        States, any alien that the President determines is a corporate 
        officer or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
        interest in, the person subject to subsection (b).
            (12) Sanctions on principal executive officers.--The 
        President may impose on the principal executive officer or 
        officers of the person subject to subsection (b), or on persons 
        performing similar functions and with similar authorities as 
        such officer or officers, any of the sanctions under this 
        subsection.

SEC. 106. EXEMPTIONS, WAIVERS, AND RULEMAKING.

    (a) Exemptions.--The following activities shall be exempt from 
sanctions under sections 103 and 105:
            (1) Activities subject to the reporting requirements under 
        title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et 
        seq.), or any authorized intelligence activities of the United 
        States.
            (2) The admission of an alien to the United States if such 
        admission is necessary to comply with United States obligations 
        under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United 
        States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United 
        Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into 
        force November 21, 1947, under the Convention on Consular 
        Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into 
        force March 19, 1967, or under other international agreements.
    (b) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--The requirement to 
impose sanctions under sections 103 and 105 shall not include the 
authority to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    (c) Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions 
under section 103 or 105 if before the waiver to takes effect, the 
President submits to the appropriate congressional committees--
            (1) a written determination that the waiver--
                    (A) is vital to the national security interests of 
                the United States; or
                    (B) will further the enforcement of this title; and
            (2) a certification that the Government of the Russian 
        Federation has made significant efforts to reduce the number 
        and intensity of the cyber intrusions conducted by that 
        Government.
    (d) Rulemaking.--The President may prescribe such rules and 
regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this 
title.
    (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this title shall be 
construed--
            (1) to supersede the limitations on the use of rocket 
        engines for national security purposes under section 1608 of 
        the Carl Levin and Howard P. ``Buck'' McKeon National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113-291; 128 
        Stat. 3626; 10 U.S.C. 2271 note), as amended by section 1607 of 
        the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 
        (Public Law 114-92; 129 Stat. 1100) and section 1602 of the 
        National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public 
        Law 114-328); or
            (2) to prohibit a contractor or subcontractor of the 
        Department of Defense from acquiring components referred to in 
        such section 1608.

SEC. 107. PUBLIC SERVICE CAMPAIGN RELATING TO CYBERSECURITY AND 
              COMBATING DISINFORMATION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall conduct a 
series of public service campaigns to educate the people of the United 
States on threats to their cybersecurity and to urge better online 
practices to ensure the protection of private information. In 
conducting such campaigns, the Secretary shall offer training in basic 
skills on fact checking news articles and media sources.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for the Secretary of Homeland Security $25,000,000 for 
fiscal years 2018 through 2019 to carry out the activities set forth in 
subsection (a).

SEC. 108. TERMINATION.

    Sanctions imposed under this title shall terminate on the date on 
which the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees 
a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has 
ceased cyberattacks against United States official and unofficial 
entities.

SEC. 109. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this title may be construed to limit the authority of 
the President to designate or sanction persons pursuant to an 
applicable Executive order or otherwise pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

                TITLE II--COUNTERING RUSSIAN AGGRESSION

SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

    The title may be cited as the ``Countering Russian Aggression Act 
of 2017''.

SEC. 202. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Government of the Russian Federation continues to 
        violate its commitments under the Conference on Security and 
        Co-operation in Europe Final Act, concluded at Helsinki August 
        1, 1975 (commonly referred to as the ``Helsinki Final Act''), 
        which laid the groundwork for the establishment of the 
        Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, of which 
        the Russian Federation is a member, by its illegal annexation 
        of Crimea in 2014, its illegal occupation of South Ossetia and 
        Abkhazia in Georgia in 2008, and its ongoing destabilizing 
        activities in eastern Ukraine.
            (2) The Government of the Russian Federation has ignored 
        the terms of the August 2008 cease-fire agreement relating to 
        Georgia, which requires the withdrawal of Russian troops, free 
        access by humanitarian groups to the regions of South Ossetia 
        and Abkhazia, and monitoring of the conflict areas by the 
        European Union Monitoring Mission.
            (3) The Government of the Russian Federation is failing to 
        comply with the terms of the Minsk Agreement to address the 
        ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, signed in Minsk, Belarus, 
        on February 11, 2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, 
        France, and Germany, as well as the Minsk Protocol, which was 
        agreed to on September 5, 2014 (in this Act collectively 
        referred to as the ``Minsk Agreements'').
            (4) On October 7, 2016, United States Secretary of State 
        John Kerry, addressing the conflict in Syria, said ``Russia and 
        the regime owe the world more than an explanation about why 
        they keep hitting hospitals, and medical facilities, and 
        children and women. . . . These are acts that beg for an 
        appropriate investigation of war crimes, and those who commit 
        these would and should be held accountable for these actions. . 
        . . This is a targeted strategy to terrorize civilians.''.

SEC. 203. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the President should call on all parties to fully 
        implement the Minsk Agreement to address the ongoing conflict 
        in Eastern Ukraine signed in Minsk, Belarus, on February 11, 
        2015, by the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France, and Germany as 
        well as the Minsk Protocol agreed to on September 5, 2014; and
            (2) the international community should conduct a full 
        investigation into allegations that the Russian Federation 
        committed war crimes through its military actions in Syria.

SEC. 204. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST UNITED STATES RECOGNITION OF THE RUSSIAN 
              FEDERATION'S ANNEXATION OF CRIMEA AND OCCUPATION OF SOUTH 
              OSSETIA AND ABKHAZIA.

    (a) United States Policy Against Recognition of Territorial Changes 
Effected by Force Alone.--Between the years of 1940 and 1991, the 
United States did not recognize the forcible incorporation and 
annexation of the three Baltic States of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia 
into the Soviet Union under a policy known as the ``Stimson Doctrine''.
    (b) Non-Recognition of Sovereignty of Russian Federation Over 
Crimea and Independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.--No Federal 
agency shall take any action or extend any assistance that recognizes 
or implies any recognition of--
            (1) the de jure or de facto sovereignty of the Russian 
        Federation over Crimea or its airspace or territorial waters; 
        or
            (2) the de jure or de facto independence of South Ossetia 
        or Abkhazia, or the airspace or territorial waters of South 
        Ossetia or Abkhazia, from Georgia.
    (c) Department of Justice Affirmation of Non-Recognition of 
Sovereignty of Russian Federation Over Crimea and Independence of South 
Ossetia and Abkhazia.--In any matter before any United States court, 
upon request of the court or any party to the matter, the Attorney 
General shall affirm the United States policies of not recognizing--
            (1) the de jure or de facto sovereignty of the Russian 
        Federation over Crimea or its airspace or territorial waters; 
        and
            (2) the de jure or de facto independence of South Ossetia 
        or Abkhazia, or the airspace or territorial waters of South 
        Ossetia or Abkhazia, from Georgia.
    (d) Documents Portraying Crimea as Part of Russian Federation or 
South Ossetia or Abkhazia as Independent From Georgia.--The Government 
Publishing Office shall not print any map, document, record, or other 
paper of the United States portraying or otherwise indicating--
            (1) Crimea as part of the territory of the Russian 
        Federation; or
            (2) South Ossetia or Abkhazia as anything other than a part 
        of Georgia.
    (e) United States Armed Forces.--The Secretary of Defense may not 
take any action, including any movement of aircraft or vessels, that 
implies recognition of--
            (1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over Crimea 
        or its airspace or territorial waters; or
            (2) the independence of Abkhazia or South Ossetia, or the 
        airspace or territorial waters of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, 
        from Georgia.
    (f) United States Flagged Vessels.--No vessel that is issued a 
certificate of documentation under chapter 121 of title 46, United 
States Code, may take any action that implies recognition of--
            (1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over Crimea 
        or its territorial waters; or
            (2) the independence of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, or the 
        territorial waters of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, from Georgia.
    (g) United States Aircraft.--No aircraft operated by an air carrier 
that holds an air carrier certificate issued under chapter 411 of title 
49, United States Code, may take any action that implies recognition 
of--
            (1) the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over Crimea 
        or its airspace; or
            (2) the independence of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, or the 
        airspace of South Ossetia or Abkhazia, from Georgia.

SEC. 205. STATEMENTS OF POLICY WITH RESPECT TO UKRAINE.

    (a) In General.--It is the policy of the United States to further 
assist the Government of Ukraine in restoring its sovereignty and 
territorial integrity to contain, reverse, and deter the aggression of 
the Russian Federation in Ukraine. That policy shall be carried into 
effect, among other things, through a comprehensive effort, in 
coordination with allies and partners of the United States where 
appropriate, that includes sanctions, diplomacy, and assistance, 
including lethal defensive weapons systems, for the people of Ukraine 
intended to enhance their ability to consolidate a democracy based on 
the rule of law and with a free market economy and to exercise their 
right under international law to self-defense.
    (b) Additional Statement of Policy.--It is further the policy of 
the United States--
            (1) to use its voice, vote, and influence in international 
        fora to encourage other countries, including United States 
        allies, to provide assistance that is similar to assistance 
        described in subsection (a) to Ukraine;
            (2) to ensure that any relevant sanctions relief for the 
        Russian Federation is contingent on the recognition by the 
        Government of the Russian Federation of the sovereignty of 
        Ukraine over Crimea as well as timely, complete, and verifiable 
        implementation of the Minsk Agreements, especially the 
        restoration of Ukraine's control of the entirety of its eastern 
        border with the Russian Federation in the conflict zone;
            (3) to support Georgia's sovereignty, independence, and 
        territorial integrity and the inviolability of its borders and 
        to recognize the areas of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as regions 
        of Georgia occupied by the Russian Federation; and
            (4) to further call on the Government of the Russian 
        Federation to take steps to fulfill all the terms and 
        conditions of the 2008 cease-fire agreements with the 
        Government of Georgia, including returning military forces to 
        pre-war positions and ensuring access to international 
        humanitarian aid to all those affected by the conflict.

SEC. 206. CODIFICATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDERS IMPOSING SANCTIONS IN 
              RELATION TO THE SITUATION IN UKRAINE.

    (a) In General.--The Executive orders specified in subsection (b), 
and sanctions imposed pursuant to such Executive orders, shall remain 
in effect until the date specified in section 216.
    (b) Executive Orders Specified.--The Executive orders specified in 
this subsection are the following:
            (1) Executive Order 13660 (79 Fed. Reg. 13493; relating to 
        blocking property of certain persons contributing to the 
        situation in Ukraine).
            (2) Executive Order 13661 (79 Fed. Reg. 15535; relating to 
        blocking property of additional persons contributing to the 
        situation in Ukraine).
            (3) Executive Order 13662 (79 Fed. Reg. 16169; relating to 
        blocking property of additional persons contributing to the 
        situation in Ukraine).
            (4) Executive Order 13685 (79 Fed. Reg. 77357; relating to 
        blocking property of certain persons and prohibiting certain 
        transactions with respect to the Crimea region of Ukraine).

SEC. 207. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF 
              PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS RESOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN 
              FEDERATION.

    (a) Development of Petroleum and Natural Gas Resources of the 
Russian Federation.--
            (1) In general.--The President shall impose 5 or more of 
        the sanctions described in section 213 with respect to a person 
        if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act--
                    (A) makes an investment described in paragraph (2) 
                of $20,000,000 or more; or
                    (B) makes a combination of investments described in 
                paragraph (2) in a 12-month period if each such 
                investment is of not less than $5,000,000 and such 
                investments equal or exceed $20,000,000 in the 
                aggregate.
            (2) Investment described.--An investment described in this 
        paragraph is an investment that directly and significantly 
        contributes to the enhancement of the ability of the Russian 
        Federation to develop petroleum or natural gas resources.
    (b) Production of Petroleum Products and Natural Gas.--
            (1) In general.--The President shall impose 5 or more of 
        the sanctions described in section 213 with respect to a person 
        if the President determines that the person knowingly, on or 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, sells, leases, or 
        provides to the Russian Federation goods, services, technology, 
        information, or support described in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) any of which has a fair market value of 
                $1,000,000 or more; or
                    (B) that, during a 12-month period, have an 
                aggregate fair market value of $5,000,000 or more.
            (2) Goods, services, technology, information, or support 
        described.--Goods, services, technology, information, or 
        support described in this paragraph are goods, services, 
        technology, information, or support that could directly and 
        significantly facilitate the maintenance or expansion of the 
        production of petroleum products or natural gas in the Russian 
        Federation, including any direct and significant assistance 
        with respect to the construction, modernization, or repair of 
        petroleum refineries and natural gas infrastructure.

SEC. 208. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIPELINES IN THE 
              RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    (a) In General.--The President shall impose 5 or more of the 
sanctions described in section 213 with respect to a person if the 
President determines that the person knowingly, on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, makes an investment described in subsection 
(b), or sells, leases, or provides to the Russian Federation, for the 
construction of Russian energy export pipelines, goods, services, 
technology, information, or support described in subsection (c)--
            (1) any of which has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or 
        more; or
            (2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate fair 
        market value of $5,000,000 or more.
    (b) Investment Described.--An investment described in this 
subsection is an investment that directly and significantly contributes 
to the enhancement of the ability of the Russian Federation to 
construct energy export pipelines.
    (c) Goods, Services, Technology, Information, or Support 
Described.--Goods, services, technology, information, or support 
described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, 
information, or support that could directly and significantly 
facilitate the maintenance or expansion of the construction, 
modernization, or repair of energy pipelines by the Russian Federation.

SEC. 209. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL NUCLEAR 
              PROJECTS BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    (a) In General.--The President shall impose 5 or more of the 
sanctions described in section 213 with respect to a person if the 
President determines that the person knowingly, on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, makes an investment described in subsection 
(b), or sells, leases, or provides to the Russian Federation, for the 
construction of civil nuclear projects by the Russian Federation, 
goods, services, technology, information, or support described in 
subsection (c)--
            (1) any of which has a fair market value of $1,000,000 or 
        more; or
            (2) that, during a 12-month period, have an aggregate fair 
        market value of $5,000,000 or more.
    (b) Investment Described.--An investment described in this 
subsection is an investment that directly and significantly contributes 
to the enhancement of the ability of the Russian Federation to 
construct civil nuclear power plants.
    (c) Goods, Services, Technology, Information, or Support 
Described.--Goods, services, technology, information, or support 
described in this subsection are goods, services, technology, 
information, or support that could directly and significantly 
facilitate the maintenance or expansion of the construction, 
modernization, or repair of civil nuclear plants by the Russian 
Federation.

SEC. 210. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PURCHASE, SUBSCRIPTION TO, OR 
              FACILITATION OF THE ISSUANCE OF SOVEREIGN DEBT OF THE 
              RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    The President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in 
section 213 with respect to a person if the President determines that 
the person knowingly, on or after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, purchases, subscribes to, or facilitates the issuance of--
            (1) sovereign debt of the Government of the Russian 
        Federation issued on or after such date of enactment, including 
        governmental bonds; or
            (2) debt of any entity owned or controlled by the 
        Government of the Russian Federation issued on or after such 
        date of enactment, including bonds.

SEC. 211. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENT IN OR FACILITATION OF 
              PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ASSETS BY THE RUSSIAN 
              FEDERATION.

    The President shall impose 5 or more of the sanctions described in 
section 213 if the President determines that a person, with actual 
knowledge, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, makes an 
investment of $10,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of 
not less than $1,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds 
$10,000,000 in any 12-month period), or facilitates such an investment, 
if the investment directly and significantly contributes to the ability 
of the Russian Federation to privatize state-owned assets.

SEC. 212. PROHIBITING CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS IN AREAS CONTROLLED BY THE 
              RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    (a) In General.--The President shall impose with respect to a 
foreign person the sanctions described in subsection (b) if the 
President determines that the foreign person, based on credible 
information--
            (1) is responsible for, complicit in, or responsible for 
        ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission 
        of serious human rights abuses in any territory forcibly 
        occupied or otherwise controlled by the Government of the 
        Russian Federation;
            (2) has materially assisted, sponsored, or provided 
        financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or 
        services to, a foreign person that is responsible for, 
        complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or 
        otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights 
        abuses in any territory forcibly occupied or otherwise 
        controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation; or
            (3) is owned or controlled by a foreign person, or has 
        acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or 
        indirectly, a foreign person, that is responsible for, 
        complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or 
        otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights 
        abuses in any territory forcibly occupied or otherwise 
        controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation.
    (b) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions described in this 
subsection are the following:
            (1) Asset blocking.--The exercise of all powers granted to 
        the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers 
        Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 
        and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in 
        property of a person determined by the President to be subject 
        to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property 
        are in the United States, come within the United States, or are 
        or come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.
            (2) Exclusion from the united states and revocation of visa 
        or other documentation.--In the case of an alien determined by 
        the President to be subject to subsection (a), denial of a visa 
        to, and exclusion from the United States of, the alien, and 
        revocation in accordance with section 221(i) of the Immigration 
        and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)), of any visa or other 
        documentation of the alien.
    (c) Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions 
under subsection (b) with respect to a person if the President--
            (1) determines that such a waiver is vital to the national 
        interests of the United States; and
            (2) before issuing the waiver, submits to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a certification that the Government of 
        the Russian Federation has made efforts to reduce serious human 
        rights abuses in any territory forcibly occupied or otherwise 
        controlled by the Government of the Russian Federation.
    (d) Implementation; Penalties.--
            (1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all 
        authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 
        205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
        U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out subsection (b)(1).
            (2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to 
        violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of 
        subsection (b)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued 
        to carry out subsection (b)(1) shall be subject to the 
        penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 
        of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
        act described in subsection (a) of that section.

SEC. 213. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.

    (a) In General.--The sanctions to be imposed with respect to a 
sanctioned person under this title (other than section 212) are the 
following:
            (1) Export-import bank assistance for exports to sanctioned 
        persons.--The President may direct the Export-Import Bank of 
        the United States not to give approval to the issuance of any 
        guarantee, insurance, extension of credit, or participation in 
        the extension of credit in connection with the export of any 
        goods or services to the sanctioned person.
            (2) Export sanction.--The President may order the United 
        States Government not to issue any specific license and not to 
        grant any other specific permission or authority to export any 
        goods or technology to the sanctioned person under--
                    (A) the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 
                U.S.C. 4601 et seq.) (as continued in effect pursuant 
                to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
                U.S.C. 1701 et seq.));
                    (B) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et 
                seq.);
                    (C) the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 
                et seq.); or
                    (D) any other statute that requires the prior 
                review and approval of the United States Government as 
                a condition for the export or reexport of goods or 
                services.
            (3) Loans from united states financial institutions.--The 
        President may prohibit any United States financial institution 
        from making loans or providing credits to the sanctioned person 
        totaling more than $10,000,000 in any 12-month period unless 
        the person is engaged in activities to relieve human suffering 
        and the loans or credits are provided for such activities.
            (4) Loans from international financial institutions.--The 
        President may direct the United States executive director to 
        each international financial institution to use the voice and 
        vote of the United States to oppose any loan from the 
        international financial institution that would benefit the 
        sanctioned person.
            (5) Prohibitions on financial institutions.--The following 
        prohibitions may be imposed against the sanctioned person if 
        that person is a financial institution:
                    (A) Prohibition on designation as primary dealer.--
                Neither the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve 
                System nor the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may 
                designate, or permit the continuation of any prior 
                designation of, the financial institution as a primary 
                dealer in United States Government debt instruments.
                    (B) Prohibition on service as a repository of 
                government funds.--The financial institution may not 
                serve as agent of the United States Government or serve 
                as repository for United States Government funds.
        The imposition of either sanction under subparagraph (A) or (B) 
        shall be treated as 1 sanction for purposes of this title, and 
        the imposition of both such sanctions shall be treated as 2 
        sanctions for purposes of this title.
            (6) Procurement sanction.--The United States Government may 
        not procure, or enter into any contract for the procurement of, 
        any goods or services from the sanctioned person.
            (7) Foreign exchange.--The President, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, may prohibit any 
        transactions in foreign exchange that are subject to the 
        jurisdiction of the United States and in which the sanctioned 
        person has any interest.
            (8) Banking transactions.--The President, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, may prohibit any 
        transfers of credit or payments between financial institutions 
        or by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent 
        that such transfers or payments are subject to the jurisdiction 
        of the United States and involve any interest of the sanctioned 
        person.
            (9) Property transactions.--The President, pursuant to such 
        regulations as the President may prescribe, may prohibit any 
        person from--
                    (A) acquiring, holding, withholding, using, 
                transferring, withdrawing, transporting, importing, or 
                exporting any property that is subject to the 
                jurisdiction of the United States and with respect to 
                which the sanctioned person has any interest;
                    (B) dealing in or exercising any right, power, or 
                privilege with respect to such property; or
                    (C) conducting any transaction involving such 
                property.
            (10) Ban on investment in equity or debt of sanctioned 
        person.--The President, pursuant to such regulations or 
        guidelines as the President may prescribe, may prohibit any 
        United States person from investing in or purchasing 
        significant amounts of equity or debt instruments of the 
        sanctioned person.
            (11) Exclusion of corporate officers.--The President may 
        direct the Secretary of State to deny a visa to, and the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security to exclude from the United 
        States, any alien that the President determines is a corporate 
        officer or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 
        interest in, the sanctioned person.
            (12) Sanctions on principal executive officers.--The 
        President may impose on the principal executive officer or 
        officers of the sanctioned person, or on persons performing 
        similar functions and with similar authorities as such officer 
        or officers, any of the sanctions under this subsection.
    (b) Sanctioned Person Defined.--In this section, the term 
``sanctioned person'' means a person subject to sanctions under this 
title (other than section 212).

SEC. 214. EXEMPTIONS, WAIVERS, AND RULEMAKING.

    (a) Exemptions.--The following activities shall be exempt from 
sanctions under this title:
            (1) Activities subject to the reporting requirements under 
        title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et 
        seq.), or any authorized intelligence activities of the United 
        States.
            (2) The admission of an alien to the United States if such 
        admission is necessary to comply with United States obligations 
        under the Agreement between the United Nations and the United 
        States of America regarding the Headquarters of the United 
        Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into 
        force November 21, 1947, under the Convention on Consular 
        Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into 
        force March 19, 1967, or under other international agreements.
    (b) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--The requirement to 
impose sanctions under this title shall not include the authority to 
impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    (c) Waiver.--The President may waive the application of sanctions 
under section 207, 208, 209, 210, or 211 if the President submits to 
the appropriate congressional committees--
            (1) a written determination that the waiver--
                    (A) is vital to the national security interests of 
                the United States; or
                    (B) will further the enforcement of this title; and
            (2) before issuing the waiver, a certification that the 
        Government of the Russian Federation is taking steps to 
        implement the Minsk Agreements and to substantially decrease 
        its military activities in Syria.

SEC. 215. INCLUSION OF ALL FUNDS IN RECORDS OF CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 5326 of title 31, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``coin and 
        currency'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``subtitle and'' and inserting ``subtitle or 
                to''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``United 
                States coins or currency (or such other monetary 
                instruments as the Secretary may describe in such 
                order)'' and inserting ``funds (as the Secretary may 
                describe in such order),''; and
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``coins or 
                currency (or monetary instruments)'' and inserting 
                ``funds''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``coins or 
                currency (or such other monetary instruments as the 
                Secretary may describe in the regulation or order)'' 
                and inserting ``funds (as the Secretary may describe in 
                the regulation or order)''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 53 of 
title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating 
to section 5326 and inserting the following:

``5326. Records of certain domestic transactions.''.

SEC. 216. TERMINATION.

    Sanctions imposed under this title shall terminate on the date on 
which the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees 
a certification that the Government of the Russian Federation has--
            (1) ceased ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, 
        supporting, or financing, significant acts intended to 
        undermine the peace, security, stability, sovereignty, or 
        territorial integrity of Ukraine, including through an 
        agreement between the appropriate parties; and
            (2) halted military operations in Syria.

SEC. 217. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this title may be construed to limit the authority of 
the President to designate or sanction persons pursuant to an 
applicable Executive order or otherwise pursuant to the International 
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).

 TITLE III--EUROPE AND EURASIA DEMOCRACY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION INITIATIVE

SEC. 301. SHORT TITLE.

    The title may be cited as the ``Europe and Eurasia Democracy and 
Anti-Corruption Initiative Act of 2017''.

SEC. 302. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Government of the Russian Federation has sought to 
        exert influence throughout Europe and Eurasia, including in the 
        former states of the Soviet Union, by overtly and covertly 
        providing resources to political parties, think tanks, and 
        civil society groups that sow distrust in democratic 
        institutions and actors, promote xenophobic and illiberal 
        views, and otherwise undermine European unity. The Government 
        of the Russian Federation has also engaged in well-documented 
        corruption practices as a means toward undermining and buying 
        influence in those European countries.
            (2) The Government of the Russian Federation has largely 
        eliminated a once vibrant Russian-language independent media 
        sector, and severely curtails free and independent media within 
        the borders of the Russian Federation. State-funded and 
        controlled Russian-language media disseminated within and 
        outside of the Russian Federation routinely traffic in anti-
        Western falsehoods and disinformation, while few independent, 
        fact-based media sources provide objective reporting for 
        Russian-speaking audiences inside or outside of the Russian 
        Federation.
            (3) Multinational corporations headquartered in the United 
        States and European countries, and their subsidiaries and local 
        franchisees, advertise on media outlets controlled and funded 
        by the Government of the Russian Federation and are known to 
        routinely traffic in anti-Western falsehoods and 
        disinformation.
            (4) Acting Undersecretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and 
        Financial Crimes Adam Szubin stated on January 25, 2016, 
        regarding Vladimir Putin, ``We've seen him enriching his 
        friends, his close allies, and marginalizing those who he 
        doesn't view as friends using state assets. Whether that's 
        Russia's energy wealth, whether it's other state contracts, he 
        directs those to whom he believes will serve him and excludes 
        those who don't.''.
            (5) Many of President Putin's inner circle and their 
        families hold investments in the West, including in the United 
        States, use the United States financial system, and enjoy 
        freedom of movement in the United States and around the world.

SEC. 303. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the countries of Europe and Eurasia should redouble 
        efforts to build resilience within their political systems and 
        civil society to counter efforts of the Government of the 
        Russian Federation to exert malign influence and undermine 
        democratic institutions;
            (2) misinformation generated by the Russian Federation, 
        which is distributed in a variety of languages and through 
        overt and covert channels, including traditional as well as 
        social media, is polluting the information space, drowning out 
        competing information, fanning pre-existing social, economic, 
        and political tensions, promoting conspiracies, and confusing 
        and distracting its audiences;
            (3) the United States should identify areas of cooperation 
        with countries throughout the region that are vulnerable to 
        Russian aggression, disinformation, and hybrid warfare;
            (4) the United States should encourage the establishment of 
        a commission for media freedom within the Council of Europe, 
        modeled on the Venice Commission regarding rule of law issues, 
        that would be chartered to provide governments with expert 
        recommendations on maintaining legal and regulatory regimes 
        supportive of free and independent media and an informed 
        citizenry able to distinguish between fact-based reporting, 
        opinion, and disinformation;
            (5) the United States should encourage members of the North 
        Atlantic Treaty Organization (in this section referred to as 
        ``NATO'') at the 2017 NATO Summit to prioritize the development 
        of a program within the NATO alliance to improve intelligence 
        cooperation among member states to combat corruption efforts in 
        Europe by the Russian Federation, including the use by the 
        Government of the Russian Federation of corruption to pressure 
        the countries of Central and Eastern Europe to abandon 
        democratic institutions;
            (6) the United States should--
                    (A) encourage full compliance with the Convention 
                on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in 
                International Business Transactions (commonly referred 
                to as the ``Anti-Bribery Convention'') of the 
                Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 
                (in this section referred to as the ``OECD'');
                    (B) promote accession beyond the current 40 state 
                parties to the Convention; and
                    (C) require robust implementation from those 
                countries, like the Russian Federation, that seek to 
                join the OECD;
            (7) it is vital to protect the integrity of the United 
        States financial system from being used to shield illicit 
        financial activity by officials of the Russian Federation and 
        individuals in President Vladimir Putin's inner circle who have 
        been enriched through corruption;
            (8) the United States should investigate and prosecute 
        cases of corruption by Russian actors that use the United 
        States financial system to shield illicit gains and support the 
        efforts of allies of the United States to do the same;
            (9) the production and exportation from the Russian 
        Federation of conventional energy provides a stable and 
        abundant source of revenue for the Russian Federation to 
        undermine democratic institutions in Ukraine and elsewhere in 
        Central and Eastern Europe; and
            (10) the President of the United States should actively use 
        the authorizations under the Sergei Magnitsky Rule of Law 
        Accountability Act of 2012 (22 U.S.C. 5811 note) to sanction 
        those responsible for Mr. Magnitsky's death and the officials 
        of the Russian Federation found complicit in gross violations 
        of human rights.

SEC. 304. REPORT ON ADVERTISING ON MEDIA OUTLETS CONTROLLED AND FUNDED 
              BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report describing in detail 
media outlets controlled and funded by the Government of the Russian 
Federation that includes a description of--
            (1) media outlets that--
                    (A) are controlled and funded by the Government of 
                the Russian Federation, and any affiliated entities, 
                whether operating within or outside the Russian 
                Federation, including broadcast and satellite-based 
                television, radio, Internet, and print media entities; 
                and
                    (B) the Secretary determines routinely propagate 
                anti-Western falsehoods and disinformation; and
            (2) multinational corporations headquartered in the United 
        States, and subsidiaries and local franchisees of such 
        corporations, that advertise on one or more media outlets 
        identified on the list required by paragraph (1).

SEC. 305. EUROPE AND EURASIA DEMOCRACY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
United States a fund, to be known as the ``Europe and Eurasia Democracy 
and Anti-Corruption Fund''.
    (b) Availability of Amounts.--Amounts in the Europe and Eurasia 
Democracy and Anti-Corruption Fund shall be available to the Secretary 
of State, as provided in appropriation Acts, to support bilateral and 
regional efforts in Europe and Eurasia to--
            (1) improve democratic governance, transparency, 
        accountability, rule of law, and combat corruption, including 
        by strengthening democratic civil society and political 
        parties, and independent and nonpartisan think tanks;
            (2) support the efforts of independent media outlets and 
        public broadcasters to broadcast, distribute, and share 
        information in all regions;
            (3) support objective, Russian-language, independent media, 
        investigative journalism, and civil society watchdog groups 
        working to combat corruption;
            (4) promote and protect Internet freedom;
            (5) support, as appropriate, the operations and activities 
        of national anti-corruption and auditing offices;
            (6) support programs that strengthen independent 
        judiciaries and prosecutors general offices;
            (7) strengthen cybersecurity practices of governments and 
        civil society organizations;
            (8) support research and analysis on the effects of 
        information warfare on target audiences and best practices for 
        promoting resilience;
            (9) support evidence-based civic education and advocacy 
        programs to strengthen resilience to misinformation;
            (10) encourage cooperation with social media companies to 
        strengthen the integrity of information on the Internet; and
            (11) support programs to counter ``fake news''.
    (c) Consultations.--The Secretary shall, in consultation with the 
Administrator for the United States Agency for International 
Development and the Director of the Global Engagement Center of the 
Department of State, carry out activities described in subsection (b) 
directly or through nongovernmental or international organizations, 
such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the 
National Endowment for Democracy, the Black Sea Trust, the Balkan Trust 
for Democracy, the Prague Civil Society Centre, the European Endowment 
for Democracy, and related organizations.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated for the Europe and Eurasia Democracy and Anti-Corruption 
Fund $100,000,000 for fiscal years 2018 and 2019.

SEC. 306. ESTABLISHMENT OF A RUSSIA UNIT IN THE FINANCIAL CRIMES 
              ENFORCEMENT NETWORK.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish a 
high-level task force within the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 
in coordination with the Director of the Office of Foreign Assets 
Control and the Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis, that 
focuses on--
            (1) tracing, mapping, and prosecuting illicit financial 
        flows linked to the Russian Federation if such flows interact 
        with the United States financial system;
            (2) working with liaison officers in key United States 
        embassies, especially in Europe, to work with local authorities 
        to uncover and prosecute the networks responsible for the 
        illicit financial flows described in paragraph (1); and
            (3) seeking to expand the number of real estate geographic 
        targeting orders beyond the number of cities to which such 
        orders apply as of the date of the enactment of this Act to 
        capture more links to illicit financial flows.
    (b) Report on Treasury Liaison Officers.--Not later than 180 days 
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the 
Treasury shall submit to Congress a report on the number of liaison 
officers described in subsection (a)(2) that are working on tracing, 
mapping, and prosecuting illicit financial flows linked to the Russian 
Federation.

SEC. 307. TERMINATION.

    This title shall terminate on the date that is 10 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
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