Title: FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
Policy area: Congress

Summary:
Concurs in the Senate amendment to H.R. 302 (Sports Medicine Licensure Clarity Act of 2017) with an amendment.

[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H. Res. 1082 Engrossed in House (EH)]

<DOC>
H. Res. 1082

                In the House of Representatives, U. S.,

                                                    September 26, 2018.
    Resolved, That upon the adoption of this resolution the House shall be 
considered to have taken from the Speaker's table the bill, H.R. 302, with the 
Senate amendment thereto, and to have concurred in the Senate amendment with the 
following amendment:
            In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the amendment of 
        the Senate to the text of the bill, insert the following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``FAA Reauthorization Act of 
2018''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
                 DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

Sec. 11. Short title.
Sec. 12. Protections for covered sports medicine professionals.
              DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

Sec. 101. Definition of appropriate committees of Congress.
                        TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                  Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

Sec. 111. Airport planning and development and noise compatibility 
                            planning and programs.
Sec. 112. Facilities and equipment.
Sec. 113. FAA operations.
Sec. 114. Weather reporting programs.
Sec. 115. Adjustment to AIP program funding.
Sec. 116. Funding for aviation programs.
Sec. 117. Extension of expiring authorities.
                 Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

Sec. 121. Passenger facility charge modernization.
Sec. 122. Future aviation infrastructure and financing study.
Sec. 123. Intermodal access projects.
         Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

Sec. 131. Grant assurances.
Sec. 132. Mothers' rooms.
Sec. 133. Contract Tower Program.
Sec. 134. Government share of project costs.
Sec. 135. Updated veterans' preference.
Sec. 136. Use of State highway specifications.
Sec. 137. Former military airports.
Sec. 138. Eligibility of CCTV projects for airport improvement program.
Sec. 139. State block grant program expansion.
Sec. 140. Non-movement area surveillance pilot program.
Sec. 141. Property conveyance releases.
Sec. 142. Study regarding technology usage at airports.
Sec. 143. Study on airport revenue diversion.
Sec. 144. GAO study on the effect of granting an exclusive right of 
                            aeronautical services to an airport 
                            sponsor.
Sec. 145. Sense of Congress on smart airports.
Sec. 146. Critical airfield markings.
Sec. 147. General facilities authority.
Sec. 148. Recycling plans; uncategorized small airports.
Sec. 149. Evaluation of airport master plans.
Sec. 150. Definition of small business concern.
Sec. 151. Small airport regulation relief.
Sec. 152. Construction of certain control towers.
Sec. 153. Nondiscrimination.
Sec. 154. Definition of airport development.
Sec. 155. General aviation airport expired funds.
Sec. 156. Priority review of construction projects in cold weather 
                            States.
Sec. 157. Minority and disadvantaged business participation.
Sec. 158. Supplemental discretionary funds.
Sec. 159. State taxation.
Sec. 160. Airport investment partnership program.
Sec. 161. Remote tower pilot program for rural and small communities.
Sec. 162. Airport access roads in remote locations.
Sec. 163. Limited regulation of non-federally sponsored property.
Sec. 164. Seasonal airports.
Sec. 165. Amendments to definitions.
Sec. 166. Pilot program sunsets.
Sec. 167. Buy America requirements.
        Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

Sec. 171. Funding eligibility for airport energy efficiency 
                            assessments.
Sec. 172. Authorization of certain flights by stage 2 aircraft.
Sec. 173. Alternative airplane noise metric evaluation deadline.
Sec. 174. Updating airport noise exposure maps.
Sec. 175. Addressing community noise concerns.
Sec. 176. Community involvement in FAA NextGen projects located in 
                            metroplexes.
Sec. 177. Lead emissions.
Sec. 178. Terminal sequencing and spacing.
Sec. 179. Airport noise mitigation and safety study.
Sec. 180. Regional ombudsmen.
Sec. 181. FAA leadership on civil supersonic aircraft.
Sec. 182. Mandatory use of the New York North Shore Helicopter Route.
Sec. 183. State standards for airport pavements.
Sec. 184. Eligibility of pilot program airports.
Sec. 185. Grandfathering of certain deed agreements granting through-
                            the-fence access to general aviation 
                            airports.
Sec. 186. Stage 3 aircraft study.
Sec. 187. Aircraft noise exposure.
Sec. 188. Study regarding day-night average sound levels.
Sec. 189. Study on potential health and economic impacts of overflight 
                            noise.
Sec. 190. Environmental mitigation pilot program.
Sec. 191. Extending aviation development streamlining.
Sec. 192. Zero-emission vehicles and technology.
               TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee.
               Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

Sec. 211. Aircraft certification performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 212. Organization designation authorizations.
Sec. 213. ODA review.
Sec. 214. Type certification resolution process.
Sec. 215. Review of certification process for small general aviation 
                            airplanes.
Sec. 216. ODA staffing and oversight.
                  Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

Sec. 221. Flight standards performance objectives and metrics.
Sec. 222. FAA task force on flight standards reform.
Sec. 223. Centralized safety guidance database.
Sec. 224. Regulatory Consistency Communications Board.
                      Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

Sec. 231. Safety workforce training strategy.
Sec. 232. Workforce review.
                   Subtitle E--International Aviation

Sec. 241. Promotion of United States aerospace standards, products, and 
                            services abroad.
Sec. 242. Bilateral exchanges of safety oversight responsibilities.
Sec. 243. FAA leadership abroad.
Sec. 244. Registration, certification, and related fees.
                           TITLE III--SAFETY

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 301. Definitions.
Sec. 302. FAA technical training.
Sec. 303. Safety critical staffing.
Sec. 304. International efforts regarding tracking of civil aircraft.
Sec. 305. Aircraft data access and retrieval systems.
Sec. 306. Advanced cockpit displays.
Sec. 307. Emergency medical equipment on passenger aircraft.
Sec. 308. FAA and NTSB review of general aviation safety.
Sec. 309. Call to action airline engine safety review.
Sec. 310. Sense of Congress on access to air carrier flight decks.
Sec. 311. Part 135 accident and incident data.
Sec. 312. Sense of Congress; pilot in command authority.
Sec. 313. Report on conspicuity needs for surface vehicles operating on 
                            the airside of air carrier served airports.
Sec. 314. Helicopter air ambulance operations data and reports.
Sec. 315. Aviation rulemaking committee for part 135 pilot rest and 
                            duty rules.
Sec. 316. Report on obsolete test equipment.
Sec. 317. Helicopter fuel system safety.
Sec. 318. Applicability of medical certification standards to operators 
                            of air balloons.
Sec. 319. Designated pilot examiner reforms.
Sec. 320. Voluntary reports of operational or maintenance issues 
                            related to aviation safety.
Sec. 321. Evaluation regarding additional ground based transmitters.
Sec. 322. Improved safety in rural areas.
Sec. 323. Exit rows.
Sec. 324. Comptroller General report on FAA enforcement policy.
Sec. 325. Annual safety incident report.
Sec. 326. Aircraft air quality.
Sec. 327. Approach control radar.
Sec. 328. Report on airline and passenger safety.
Sec. 329. Performance-based standards.
Sec. 330. Report and recommendations on certain aviation safety risks.
Sec. 331. Review of FAA's Aviation Safety Information Analysis and 
                            Sharing System.
Sec. 332. Airport rescue and firefighting.
Sec. 333. Safe air transportation of lithium cells and batteries.
Sec. 334. Runway safety.
Sec. 335. Flight attendant duty period limitations and rest 
                            requirements.
Sec. 336. Secondary cockpit barriers.
Sec. 337. Aircraft cabin evacuation procedures.
Sec. 338. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 339. Civil penalties for interference.
Sec. 339A. National in-flight sexual misconduct task force.
Sec. 339B. Reporting process for sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.
                 Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 341. Definitions; Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems 
                            into national airspace system.
Sec. 342. Update of FAA comprehensive plan.
Sec. 343. Unmanned aircraft test ranges.
Sec. 344. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.
Sec. 345. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.
Sec. 346. Public unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 347. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 348. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
                            compensation or hire.
Sec. 349. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 350. Use of unmanned aircraft systems at institutions of higher 
                            education.
Sec. 351. Unmanned aircraft systems integration pilot program.
Sec. 352. Part 107 transparency and technology improvements.
Sec. 353. Emergency exemption process.
Sec. 354. Treatment of unmanned aircraft operating underground.
Sec. 355. Public UAS operations by Tribal governments.
Sec. 356. Authorization of appropriations for Know Before You Fly 
                            campaign.
Sec. 357. Unmanned aircraft systems privacy policy.
Sec. 358. UAS privacy review.
Sec. 359. Study on fire department and emergency service agency use of 
                            unmanned aircraft systems.
Sec. 360. Study on financing of unmanned aircraft services.
Sec. 361. Report on UAS and chemical aerial application.
Sec. 362. Sense of Congress regarding unmanned aircraft safety.
Sec. 363. Prohibition regarding weapons.
Sec. 364. U.S. Counter-UAS system review of interagency coordination 
                            processes.
Sec. 365. Cooperation related to certain counter-UAS technology.
Sec. 366. Strategy for responding to public safety threats and 
                            enforcement utility of unmanned aircraft 
                            systems.
Sec. 367. Incorporation of Federal Aviation Administration occupations 
                            relating to unmanned aircraft into veterans 
                            employment programs of the administration.
Sec. 368. Public UAS access to special use airspace.
Sec. 369. Applications for designation.
Sec. 370. Sense of Congress on additional rulemaking authority.
Sec. 371. Assessment of aircraft registration for small unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 372. Enforcement.
Sec. 373. Federal and local authorities.
Sec. 374. Spectrum.
Sec. 375. Federal Trade Commission authority.
Sec. 376. Plan for full operational capability of unmanned aircraft 
                            systems traffic management.
Sec. 377. Early implementation of certain UTM services.
Sec. 378. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 379. Commercial and governmental operators.
Sec. 380. Transition language.
Sec. 381. Unmanned aircraft systems in restricted buildings or grounds.
Sec. 382. Prohibition.
Sec. 383. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
                            enforcement.
Sec. 384. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.
                  Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

Sec. 391. Short title.
Sec. 392. Expansion of Pilot's Bill of Rights.
Sec. 393. Notification of reexamination of certificate holders.
Sec. 394. Expediting updates to NOTAM Program.
Sec. 395. Accessibility of certain flight data.
Sec. 396. Authority for legal counsel to issue certain notices.
                   TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

           Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

Sec. 401. Definitions.
Sec. 402. Reliable air service in American Samoa.
Sec. 403. Cell phone voice communication ban.
Sec. 404. Improved notification of insecticide use.
Sec. 405. Consumer complaints hotline.
Sec. 406. Consumer information on actual flight times.
Sec. 407. Training policies regarding racial, ethnic, and religious 
                            nondiscrimination.
Sec. 408. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.
Sec. 409. Prohibitions against smoking on passenger flights.
Sec. 410. Report on baggage reporting requirements.
Sec. 411. Enforcement of aviation consumer protection rules.
Sec. 412. Strollers.
Sec. 413. Causes of airline delays or cancellations.
Sec. 414. Involuntary changes to itineraries.
Sec. 415. Extension of Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer 
                            Protection.
Sec. 416. Online access to aviation consumer protection information.
Sec. 417. Protection of pets on airplanes.
Sec. 418. Advisory committee on air ambulance and patient billing.
Sec. 419. Air ambulance complaints to the Department of Transportation.
Sec. 420. Report to Congress on air ambulance oversight.
Sec. 421. Refunds for other fees that are not honored by a covered air 
                            carrier.
Sec. 422. Advance boarding during pregnancy .
Sec. 423. Consumer complaint process improvement.
Sec. 424. Aviation consumer advocate.
Sec. 425. TICKETS Act.
Sec. 426. Report on availability of lavatories on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 427. Consumer protection requirements relating to large ticket 
                            agents.
Sec. 428. Widespread disruptions.
Sec. 429. Passenger rights.
            Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

Sec. 431. Aviation consumers with disabilities study.
Sec. 432. Study on in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
Sec. 433. Improving wheelchair assistance for individuals with 
                            disabilities .
Sec. 434. Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights.
Sec. 435. Sense of Congress regarding equal access for individuals with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 436. Civil penalties relating to harm to passengers with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 437. Harmonization of service animal standards.
Sec. 438. Review of practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat 
                            assignments, and stowing of assistive 
                            devices for passengers with disabilities.
Sec. 439. Advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers with 
                            disabilities.
Sec. 440. Regulations ensuring assistance for passengers with 
                            disabilities in air transportation.
Sec. 441. Transparency for disabled passengers.
                Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

Sec. 451. Essential air service authorization.
Sec. 452. Study on essential air service reform.
Sec. 453. Air transportation to noneligible places.
Sec. 454. Inspector general review of service and oversight of 
                            unsubsidized carriers.
Sec. 455. Small community air service.
Sec. 456. Waivers.
Sec. 457. Extension of final order establishing mileage adjustment 
                            eligibility.
Sec. 458. Reduction in subsidy-per-passenger.
                         TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 501. Definitions.
Sec. 502. Report on air traffic control modernization.
Sec. 503. Return on investment report.
Sec. 504. Air traffic control operational contingency plans.
Sec. 505. 2020 ADS-B Out mandate plan.
Sec. 506. Securing aircraft avionics systems.
Sec. 507. Human factors.
Sec. 508. Programmatic risk management.
Sec. 509. Review of FAA strategic cybersecurity plan.
Sec. 510. Consolidation and realignment of FAA services and facilities.
Sec. 511. FAA review and reform.
Sec. 512. Air shows.
Sec. 513. Part 91 review, reform, and streamlining.
Sec. 514. Aircraft leasing.
Sec. 515. Pilots sharing flight expenses with passengers.
Sec. 516. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast.
Sec. 517. Public aircraft eligible for logging flight times.
Sec. 518. Aircraft Registry Office.
Sec. 519. FAA data transparency.
Sec. 520. Intra-agency coordination.
Sec. 521. Administrative Services Franchise Fund.
Sec. 522. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast.
Sec. 523. Contract weather observers.
Sec. 524. Regions and centers.
Sec. 525. Geosynthetic materials.
Sec. 526. National Airmail Museum.
Sec. 527. Status of agreement between FAA and Little Rock Port 
                            Authority.
Sec. 528. Briefing on aircraft diversions from Los Angeles 
                            International Airport to Hawthorne 
                            Municipal Airport.
Sec. 529. TFR report.
Sec. 530. Air traffic services at aviation events.
Sec. 531. Application of veterans' preference to Federal Aviation 
                            Administration personnel management system.
Sec. 532. Clarification of requirements for living history flights.
Sec. 533. Review and reform of FAA performance management system.
Sec. 534. NextGen delivery study.
Sec. 535. Study on allergic reactions.
Sec. 536. Oxygen mask design study.
Sec. 537. Air cargo study.
Sec. 538. Sense of Congress on preventing the transportation of 
                            disease-carrying mosquitoes and other 
                            insects on commercial aircraft.
Sec. 539. Technical corrections.
Sec. 540. Report on illegal charter flights.
Sec. 541. Use of NASA's super guppy aircraft for commercial transport.
Sec. 542. Prohibited airspace assessment.
Sec. 543. Report on multiagency use of airspace and environmental 
                            review.
Sec. 544. Agency procurement reporting requirements.
Sec. 545. FAA organizational reform.
Sec. 546.  FAA Civil Aviation Registry upgrade.
Sec. 547. Enhanced air traffic services.
Sec. 548. Sense of Congress on artificial intelligence in aviation.
Sec. 549. Study on cybersecurity workforce of FAA.
Sec. 550. Treatment of multiyear lessees of large and turbine-powered 
                            multiengine aircraft.
Sec. 551. Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plans.
Sec. 552. Study on training of customer-facing air carrier employees.
Sec. 553. Automated weather observing systems policy.
Sec. 554. Prioritizing and supporting the Human Intervention Motivation 
                            Study (HIMS) program and the Flight 
                            Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP).
Sec. 555. Cost-effectiveness analysis of equipment rental.
Sec. 556. Aircraft registration.
Sec. 557. Requirement to consult with stakeholders in defining scope 
                            and requirements for future flight service 
                            program.
Sec. 558. Federal Aviation Administration performance measures and 
                            targets.
Sec. 559. Report on plans for air traffic control facilities in the New 
                            York City and Newark region.
Sec. 560. Work plan for the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia 
                            Metropolitan Area Airspace Project.
Sec. 561. Annual report on inclusion of disabled veteran leave in 
                            personnel management system.
Sec. 562. Enhanced surveillance capability.
Sec. 563. Access of air carriers to information about applicants to be 
                            pilots from national driver register.
Sec. 564. Regulatory reform.
Sec. 565. Aviation fuel.
Sec. 566. Right to privacy when using air traffic control system.
Sec. 567. Federal Aviation Administration workforce review.
Sec. 568. Review of approval process for use of large air tankers and 
                            very large air tankers for wildland 
                            firefighting.
Sec. 569. FAA technical workforce.
Sec. 570. Study on airport credit assistance.
Sec. 571. Spectrum availability.
Sec. 572. Special review relating to air space changes.
Sec. 573. Reimbursement for immigration inspections.
Sec. 574. FAA employees in Guam.
Sec. 575. GAO study on airline computer network disruptions.
Sec. 576. Tower marking.
Sec. 577. Minimum dimensions for passenger seats.
Sec. 578. Judicial review for proposed alternative environmental review 
                            and approval procedures.
Sec. 579. Regulatory streamlining.
Sec. 580. Spaceports.
Sec. 581. Special rule for certain aircraft operations (space support 
                            vehicles).
Sec. 582. Portability of repairman certificates.
Sec. 583. Undeclared hazardous materials public awareness campaign.
Sec. 584. Liability protection for volunteer pilots who fly for the 
                            public benefit.
                      TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                     Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

Sec. 601. Student outreach report.
Sec. 602. Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force.
                     Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

Sec. 611. Sense of Congress regarding women in aviation.
Sec. 612. Supporting women's involvement in the aviation field.
                Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

Sec. 621. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future.
Sec. 622. Aviation and aerospace workforce of the future study.
Sec. 623. Sense of Congress on hiring veterans.
Sec. 624. Aviation maintenance industry technical workforce.
Sec. 625. Aviation workforce development programs.
            Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

Sec. 631. Community and technical college centers of excellence in 
                            small unmanned aircraft system technology 
                            training.
Sec. 632. Collegiate training initiative program for unmanned aircraft 
                            systems.
                       TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                     Subtitle A--General Provisions

Sec. 701. Short title.
Sec. 702. Definitions.
Sec. 703. Authorization of appropriations.
         Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

Sec. 711. Assistant Administrator for Research and Development.
Sec. 712. Research advisory committee.
                 Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Sec. 721. Unmanned aircraft systems research and development roadmap.
        Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

Sec. 731. Cyber Testbed.
Sec. 732. Study on the effect of extreme weather on air travel.
          Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

Sec. 741. Research plan for the certification of new technologies into 
                            the national airspace system.
Sec. 742. Technology review.
Sec. 743. CLEEN aircraft and engine technology partnership.
Sec. 744. Research and deployment of certain airfield pavement 
                            technologies.
                      Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

Sec. 751. Short title; findings.
Sec. 752. Definitions.
Sec. 753. Federal Geographic Data Committee.
Sec. 754. National Geospatial Advisory Committee.
Sec. 755. National Spatial Data Infrastructure.
Sec. 756. National Geospatial Data Asset data themes.
Sec. 757. Geospatial data standards.
Sec. 758. GeoPlatform.
Sec. 759. Covered agency responsibilities.
Sec. 759A. Limitation on use of Federal funds.
Sec. 759B. Savings provision.
Sec. 759C. Private sector.
                       Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

Sec. 761. NextGen research.
Sec. 762. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.
                TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

Sec. 801. Expenditure authority from Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
Sec. 802. Extension of taxes funding Airport and Airway Trust Fund.
DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 
                                  2018

Sec. 1101. Short title.
Sec. 1102. Definitions.
Sec. 1103. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1104. Still images.
Sec. 1105. Electronic records.
Sec. 1106. Report on Most Wanted List methodology.
Sec. 1107. Methodology.
Sec. 1108. Multimodal accident database management system.
Sec. 1109. Addressing the needs of families of individuals involved in 
                            accidents.
Sec. 1110. Government Accountability Office report on investigation 
                            launch decision-making processes.
Sec. 1111. Periodic review of safety recommendations.
Sec. 1112. General organization.
Sec. 1113. Technical and conforming amendments.
                  DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

Sec. 1201. Short title.
Sec. 1202. Applicability.
Sec. 1203. Definitions.
Sec. 1204. Wildfire prevention.
Sec. 1205. Additional activities.
Sec. 1206. Eligibility for code implementation and enforcement.
Sec. 1207. Program improvements.
Sec. 1208. Prioritization of facilities.
Sec. 1209. Guidance on evacuation routes.
Sec. 1210. Duplication of benefits.
Sec. 1211. State administration of assistance for direct temporary 
                            housing and permanent housing construction.
Sec. 1212. Assistance to individuals and households.
Sec. 1213. Multifamily lease and repair assistance.
Sec. 1214. Private nonprofit facility.
Sec. 1215. Management costs.
Sec. 1216. Flexibility.
Sec. 1217. Additional disaster assistance.
Sec. 1218. National veterinary emergency teams.
Sec. 1219. Right of arbitration.
Sec. 1220. Unified Federal environmental and historic preservation 
                            review.
Sec. 1221. Closeout incentives.
Sec. 1222. Performance of services.
Sec. 1223. Study to streamline and consolidate information collection.
Sec. 1224. Agency accountability.
Sec. 1225. Audit of contracts.
Sec. 1226. Inspector general audit of FEMA contracts for tarps and 
                            plastic sheeting.
Sec. 1227. Relief organizations.
Sec. 1228. Guidance on inundated and submerged roads.
Sec. 1229. Extension of assistance.
Sec. 1230. Guidance and recommendations.
Sec. 1231. Guidance on hazard mitigation assistance.
Sec. 1232. Local impact.
Sec. 1233. Additional hazard mitigation activities.
Sec. 1234. National public infrastructure predisaster hazard 
                            mitigation.
Sec. 1235. Additional mitigation activities.
Sec. 1236. Guidance and training by FEMA on coordination of emergency 
                            response plans.
Sec. 1237. Certain recoupment prohibited.
Sec. 1238. Federal assistance to individuals and households and 
                            nonprofit facilities.
Sec. 1239. Cost of assistance estimates.
Sec. 1240. Report on insurance shortfalls.
Sec. 1241. Post disaster building safety assessment.
Sec. 1242. FEMA updates on national preparedness assessment.
Sec. 1243. FEMA report on duplication in non-natural disaster 
                            preparedness grant programs.
Sec. 1244. Study and report.
Sec. 1245. Review of assistance for damaged underground water 
                            infrastructure.
Sec. 1246. Extension.
                      DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

Sec. 1301. Short title.
Sec. 1302. Declaration of policy.
Sec. 1303. Definitions.
Sec. 1304. Issuance of orders.
Sec. 1305. Required terms in orders.
Sec. 1306. Assessments.
Sec. 1307. Referenda.
Sec. 1308. Petition and review.
Sec. 1309. Enforcement.
Sec. 1310. Investigation and power to subpoena.
Sec. 1311. Suspension or termination.
Sec. 1312. Amendments to orders.
Sec. 1313. Effect on other laws.
Sec. 1314. Regulations.
Sec. 1315. Limitation on expenditures for administrative expenses.
Sec. 1316. Limitations on obligation of funds.
Sec. 1317. Study and report by the Government Accountability Office.
Sec. 1318. Study and report by the Department of Commerce.
                     DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

Sec. 1401. Short title.
Sec. 1402. Definitions.
                         TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

Sec. 1411. Statement of policy.
Sec. 1412. United States International Development Finance Corporation.
Sec. 1413. Management of Corporation.
Sec. 1414. Inspector General of the Corporation.
Sec. 1415. Independent accountability mechanism.
                         TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

Sec. 1421. Authorities relating to provision of support.
Sec. 1422. Terms and conditions.
Sec. 1423. Payment of losses.
Sec. 1424. Termination.
            TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1431. Operations.
Sec. 1432. Corporate powers.
Sec. 1433. Maximum contingent liability.
Sec. 1434. Corporate funds.
Sec. 1435. Coordination with other development agencies.
            TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

Sec. 1441. Establishment of risk and audit committees.
Sec. 1442. Performance measures, evaluation, and learning.
Sec. 1443. Annual report.
Sec. 1444. Publicly available project information.
Sec. 1445. Engagement with investors.
Sec. 1446. Notifications to be provided by the Corporation.
          TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

Sec. 1451. Limitations and preferences.
Sec. 1452. Additionality and avoidance of market distortion.
Sec. 1453. Prohibition on support in countries that support terrorism 
                            or violate human rights and with sanctioned 
                            persons.
Sec. 1454. Applicability of certain provisions of law.
                   TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 1461. Definitions.
Sec. 1462. Reorganization plan.
Sec. 1463. Transfer of functions.
Sec. 1464. Termination of Overseas Private Investment Corporation and 
                            other superceded authorities.
Sec. 1465. Transitional authorities.
Sec. 1466. Savings provisions.
Sec. 1467. Other terminations.
Sec. 1468. Incidental transfers.
Sec. 1469. Reference.
Sec. 1470. Conforming amendments.
                     DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

Sec. 1501. Syria Study Group.
                DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

Sec. 1601. Short title.
Sec. 1602. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
                            aircraft.
Sec. 1603. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.
   DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

Sec. 1701. Budgetary effects.
                     DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

Sec. 1801. Short title.
Sec. 1802. Definitions.
Sec. 1803. Coordination with TSA on maritime facilities.
Sec. 1804. Strategic plan to enhance the security of the international 
                            supply chain.
Sec. 1805. Cybersecurity information sharing and coordination in ports.
Sec. 1806. Facility inspection intervals.
Sec. 1807. Updates of maritime operations coordination plan .
Sec. 1808. Evaluation of Coast Guard deployable specialized forces.
Sec. 1809. Repeal of interagency operational centers for port security 
                            and secure systems of transportation.
Sec. 1810. Duplication of efforts in the maritime domain.
Sec. 1811. Maritime security capabilities assessments.
Sec. 1812. Container Security Initiative.
Sec. 1813. Maritime border security review.
Sec. 1814. Maritime border security cooperation.
Sec. 1815. Transportation worker identification credential appeals 
                            process.
Sec. 1816. Technical and conforming amendments.
                  DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                    TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

Sec. 1901. Short title; references.
Sec. 1902. Definitions.
              Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

Sec. 1903. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 1904. Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration; 
                            5-year term.
Sec. 1905. Transportation Security Administration organization.
Sec. 1906. Transportation Security Administration efficiency.
Sec. 1907. Personnel management system review.
Sec. 1908. TSA leap pay reform.
Sec. 1909. Rank awards program for transportation security 
                            administration executives and senior 
                            professionals.
Sec. 1910. Transmittals to Congress.
                    Subtitle B--Security Technology

Sec. 1911. Third party testing and verification of screening 
                            technology.
Sec. 1912. Transportation security administration systems integration 
                            facility.
Sec. 1913. Opportunities to pursue expanded networks for business.
Sec. 1914. Reciprocal recognition of security standards.
Sec. 1915. Transportation Security Laboratory.
Sec. 1916. Innovation Task Force.
Sec. 1917. 5-Year technology investment plan update.
Sec. 1918. Maintenance of security-related technology.
Sec. 1919. Biometrics expansion.
Sec. 1920. Pilot program for automated exit lane technology.
Sec. 1921. Authorization of appropriations; exit lane security.
Sec. 1922. Real-time security checkpoint wait times.
Sec. 1923. GAO report on deployment of screening technologies across 
                            airports.
Sec. 1924. Screening technology review and performance objectives.
Sec. 1925. Computed tomography pilot programs.
                    Subtitle C--Public Area Security

Sec. 1926. Definitions.
Sec. 1927. Explosives detection canine capacity building.
Sec. 1928. Third party domestic canines.
Sec. 1929. Tracking and monitoring of canine training and testing.
Sec. 1930. VIPR team statistics.
Sec. 1931. Public area security working group.
Sec. 1932. Public area best practices.
Sec. 1933. Airport worker access controls cost and feasibility study.
Sec. 1934. Securing airport worker access points.
Sec. 1935. Law Enforcement Officer Reimbursement Program.
Sec. 1936. Airport perimeter and access control security.
                Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

Sec. 1937. PreCheck Program.
Sec. 1938. PreCheck expedited screening.
Sec. 1939. Trusted traveler programs; collaboration.
Sec. 1940. Passenger security fee.
Sec. 1941. Third party canine teams for air cargo security.
Sec. 1942. Known Shipper Program review.
Sec. 1943. Establishment of air cargo security division.
Sec. 1944. Air cargo regulation review.
Sec. 1945. GAO review.
Sec. 1946. Screening partnership program updates.
Sec. 1947. Screening performance assessments.
Sec. 1948. Transportation security training programs.
Sec. 1949. Traveler redress improvement.
Sec. 1950. Improvements for screening of passengers with disabilities.
Sec. 1951. Air cargo advance screening program.
Sec. 1952. General aviation airports.
                  Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

Sec. 1953. Last point of departure airports; security directives.
Sec. 1954. Last point of departure airport assessment.
Sec. 1955. Tracking security screening equipment from last point of 
                            departure airports.
Sec. 1956. International security standards.
Sec. 1957. Aviation security in Cuba.
Sec. 1958. Report on airports used by Mahan Air.
                 Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

Sec. 1959. Federal air marshal service updates.
Sec. 1960. Crew member self-defense training.
Sec. 1961. Flight deck safety and security.
Sec. 1962. Carriage of weapons, explosives, and incendiaries by 
                            individuals.
Sec. 1963. Federal flight deck officer program improvements.
              Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

Sec. 1964. Surface transportation security assessment and 
                            implementation of risk-based strategy.
Sec. 1965. Risk-based budgeting and resource allocation.
Sec. 1966. Surface transportation security management and interagency 
                            coordination review.
Sec. 1967. Transparency.
Sec. 1968. TSA counterterrorism asset deployment.
Sec. 1969. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
Sec. 1970. Review of the explosives detection canine team program.
Sec. 1971. Expansion of national explosives detection canine team 
                            program.
Sec. 1972. Study on security standards and best practices for passenger 
                            transportation systems.
Sec. 1973. Amtrak security upgrades.
Sec. 1974. Passenger rail vetting.
Sec. 1975. Study on surface transportation inspectors.
Sec. 1976. Security awareness program.
Sec. 1977. Voluntary use of credentialing.
Sec. 1978. Background records checks for issuance of hazmat licenses.
Sec. 1979. Cargo container scanning technology review.
Sec. 1980. Pipeline security study.
Sec. 1981. Feasibility assessment.
Sec. 1982. Best practices to secure against vehicle-based attacks.
Sec. 1983. Surface transportation stakeholder survey.
Sec. 1984. Nuclear material and explosive detection technology.
                  Subtitle H--Transportation Security

Sec. 1985. National strategy for transportation security review.
Sec. 1986. Risk scenarios.
Sec. 1987. Integrated and unified operations centers.
Sec. 1988. National Deployment Force.
Sec. 1989. Information sharing and cybersecurity.
Sec. 1990. Security technologies tied to foreign threat countries.
          Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

Sec. 1991. Title 49 amendments.
Sec. 1992. Table of contents of chapter 449.
Sec. 1993. Other laws; Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 
                            of 2004.
Sec. 1994. Savings provisions.

                      DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE

SEC. 11. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Sports Medicine Licensure Clarity Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 12. PROTECTIONS FOR COVERED SPORTS MEDICINE PROFESSIONALS.

    (a) In General.--In the case of a covered sports medicine professional who 
has in effect medical professional liability insurance coverage and provides in 
a secondary State covered medical services that are within the scope of practice 
of such professional in the primary State to an athlete or an athletic team (or 
a staff member of such an athlete or athletic team) pursuant to an agreement 
described in subsection (c)(4) with respect to such athlete or athletic team--
            (1) such medical professional liability insurance coverage shall 
        cover (subject to any related premium adjustments) such professional 
        with respect to such covered medical services provided by the 
        professional in the secondary State to such an individual or team as if 
        such services were provided by such professional in the primary State to 
        such an individual or team; and
            (2) to the extent such professional is licensed under the 
        requirements of the primary State to provide such services to such an 
        individual or team, the professional shall be treated as satisfying any 
        licensure requirements of the secondary State to provide such services 
        to such an individual or team to the extent the licensure requirements 
        of the secondary State are substantially similar to the licensure 
        requirements of the primary State.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed--
            (1) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide 
        medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of that 
        professional's license in the primary State;
            (2) to allow a covered sports medicine professional to provide 
        medical services in the secondary State that exceed the scope of a 
        substantially similar sports medicine professional license in the 
        secondary State;
            (3) to supersede any reciprocity agreement in effect between the two 
        States regarding such services or such professionals;
            (4) to supersede any interstate compact agreement entered into by 
        the two States regarding such services or such professionals; or
            (5) to supersede a licensure exemption the secondary State provides 
        for sports medicine professionals licensed in the primary State.
    (c) Definitions.--In this division, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Athlete.--The term ``athlete'' means--
                    (A) an individual participating in a sporting event or 
                activity for which the individual may be paid;
                    (B) an individual participating in a sporting event or 
                activity sponsored or sanctioned by a national governing body; 
                or
                    (C) an individual for whom a high school or institution of 
                higher education provides a covered sports medicine 
                professional.
            (2) Athletic team.--The term ``athletic team'' means a sports team--
                    (A) composed of individuals who are paid to participate on 
                the team;
                    (B) composed of individuals who are participating in a 
                sporting event or activity sponsored or sanctioned by a national 
                governing body; or
                    (C) for which a high school or an institution of higher 
                education provides a covered sports medicine professional.
            (3) Covered medical services.--The term ``covered medical services'' 
        means general medical care, emergency medical care, athletic training, 
        or physical therapy services. Such term does not include care provided 
        by a covered sports medicine professional--
                    (A) at a health care facility; or
                    (B) while a health care provider licensed to practice in the 
                secondary State is transporting the injured individual to a 
                health care facility.
            (4) Covered sports medicine professional.--The term ``covered sports 
        medicine professional'' means a physician, athletic trainer, or other 
        health care professional who--
                    (A) is licensed to practice in the primary State;
                    (B) provides covered medical services, pursuant to a written 
                agreement with an athlete, an athletic team, a national 
                governing body, a high school, or an institution of higher 
                education; and
                    (C) prior to providing the covered medical services 
                described in subparagraph (B), has disclosed the nature and 
                extent of such services to the entity that provides the 
                professional with liability insurance in the primary State.
            (5) Health care facility.--The term ``health care facility'' means a 
        facility in which medical care, diagnosis, or treatment is provided on 
        an inpatient or outpatient basis. Such term does not include facilities 
        at an arena, stadium, or practice facility, or temporary facilities 
        existing for events where athletes or athletic teams may compete.
            (6) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
        higher education'' has the meaning given such term in section 101 of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
            (7) License.--The term ``license'' or ``licensure'', as applied with 
        respect to a covered sports medicine professional, means a professional 
        that has met the requirements and is approved to provide covered medical 
        services in accordance with State laws and regulations in the primary 
        State. Such term may include the registration or certification, or any 
        other form of special recognition, of an individual as such a 
        professional, as applicable.
            (8) National governing body.--The term ``national governing body'' 
        has the meaning given such term in section 220501 of title 36, United 
        States Code.
            (9) Primary state.--The term ``primary State'' means, with respect 
        to a covered sports medicine professional, the State in which--
                    (A) the covered sports medicine professional is licensed to 
                practice; and
                    (B) the majority of the covered sports medicine 
                professional's practice is underwritten for medical professional 
                liability insurance coverage.
            (10) Secondary state.--The term ``secondary State'' means, with 
        respect to a covered sports medicine professional, any State that is not 
        the primary State.
            (11) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several States, 
        the District of Columbia, and each commonwealth, territory, or 
        possession of the United States.
            (12) Substantially similar.--The term ``substantially similar'', 
        with respect to the licensure by primary and secondary States of a 
        sports medicine professional, means that both the primary and secondary 
        States have in place a form of licensure for such professionals that 
        permits such professionals to provide covered medical services.

                   DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

SEC. 101. DEFINITION OF APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS.

    In this division, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.

                             TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS

                       Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs

SEC. 111. AIRPORT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AND NOISE COMPATIBILITY PLANNING AND 
              PROGRAMS.

    (a) Authorization.--Section 48103(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``section 47504(c)'' and all that follows through the period 
at the end and inserting the following: ``section 47504(c)--
            ``(1) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(2) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(3) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(4) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(5) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(6) $3,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Obligation Authority.--Section 47104(c) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking ``2018,'' and 
inserting ``2023,''.

SEC. 112. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations From Airport and Airway Trust Fund.--
Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) $3,330,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.
            ``(2) $3,398,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            ``(3) $3,469,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
            ``(4) $3,547,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
            ``(5) $3,624,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
            ``(6) $3,701,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 48101(c) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading by striking ``Automated Surface 
        Observation System/Automated Weather Observing System Upgrade'' and 
        inserting ``Authorized Expenditures''; and
            (2) by striking ``may be used for the implementation'' and all that 
        follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: ``may 
        be used for the following:
            ``(1) The implementation and use of upgrades to the current 
        automated surface observation system/automated weather observing system, 
        if the upgrade is successfully demonstrated.
            ``(2) The acquisition and construction of remote towers (as defined 
        in section 161 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018).
            ``(3) The remediation and elimination of identified cybersecurity 
        vulnerabilities in the air traffic control system.
            ``(4) The construction of facilities dedicated to improving the 
        cybersecurity of the National Airspace System.
            ``(5) Systems associated with the Data Communications program.
            ``(6) The infrastructure, sustainment, and the elimination of the 
        deferred maintenance backlog of air navigation facilities and other 
        facilities for which the Federal Aviation Administration is responsible.
            ``(7) The modernization and digitization of the Civil Aviation 
        Registry.
            ``(8) The construction of necessary Priority 1 National Airspace 
        System facilities.
            ``(9) Cost-beneficial construction, rehabilitation, or retrofitting 
        programs designed to reduce Federal Aviation Administration facility 
        operating costs.''.

SEC. 113. FAA OPERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F) and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) $10,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
                    ``(B) $10,486,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
                    ``(C) $10,732,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
                    ``(D) $11,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(E) $11,269,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
                    ``(F) $11,537,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Authorized Expenditures.--Section 106(k)(2) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) Not more than the following amounts for commercial 
                space transportation activities:
                            ``(i) $22,587,000 for fiscal year 2018.
                            ``(ii) $33,038,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                            ``(iii) $43,500,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                            ``(iv) $54,970,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                            ``(v) $64,449,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                            ``(vi) $75,938,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (c) Authority to Transfer Funds.--Section 106(k)(3) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``fiscal years 2012 through 2018,'' and 
inserting ``fiscal years 2018 through 2023,''.

SEC. 114. WEATHER REPORTING PROGRAMS.

    Section 48105 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``To reimburse the'' and all that follows through 
        ``the Secretary of Transportation'' and inserting ``To sustain the 
        aviation weather reporting programs of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, the Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) $39,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.''.

SEC. 115. ADJUSTMENT TO AIP PROGRAM FUNDING.

    Section 48112 of title 49, United States Code, and the item relating to such 
section in the analysis for chapter 481 of such title, are repealed.

SEC. 116. FUNDING FOR AVIATION PROGRAMS.

    Section 48114(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
striking ``in fiscal year 2014 and each fiscal year thereafter'' and inserting 
``in fiscal years 2014 through 2018''.

SEC. 117. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau.--Section 47115 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (i);
            (2) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (i); and
            (3) in subsection (i) (as so redesignated), by striking ``fiscal 
        years 2012 through 2018'' and inserting ``fiscal years 2018 through 
        2023''.
    (b) Extension of Compatible Land Use Planning and Projects by State and 
Local Governments.--Section 47141(f) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Midway Island Airport.--Section 186(d) of the Vision 100--Century of 
Aviation Reauthorization Act (Public Law 108-176; 117 Stat. 2518) is amended by 
striking ``for fiscal years 2012 through 2018'' and inserting ``for fiscal years 
2018 through 2023''.
    (d) Extension of Pilot Program for Redevelopment of Airport Properties.--
Section 822(k) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47141 
note) is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 
30, 2023''.

                     Subtitle B--Passenger Facility Charges

SEC. 121. PASSENGER FACILITY CHARGE MODERNIZATION.

    (a) Passenger Facility Charges; General Authority.--Section 40117(b)(4) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``, if the 
        Secretary finds--'' and inserting a period; and
            (2) by striking subparagraphs (A) and (B).
    (b) Pilot Program for Passenger Facility Charge Authorizations at Nonhub 
Airports.--Section 40117(l) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``at Nonhub Airports'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``nonhub''; and
            (3) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Not later than 180 days after 
        the date of enactment of this subsection, the'' and inserting ``The''.

SEC. 122. FUTURE AVIATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND FINANCING STUDY.

    (a) Future Aviation Infrastructure and Financing Study.--Not later than 60 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall enter into an agreement with a qualified organization to conduct a study 
assessing the infrastructure needs of airports and existing financial resources 
for commercial service airports and make recommendations on the actions needed 
to upgrade the national aviation infrastructure system to meet the growing and 
shifting demands of the 21st century.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the study, the qualified organization 
shall convene and consult with a panel of national experts, including 
representatives of--
            (1) nonhub airports;
            (2) small hub airports;
            (3) medium hub airports;
            (4) large hub airports;
            (5) airports with international service;
            (6) nonprimary airports;
            (7) local elected officials;
            (8) relevant labor organizations;
            (9) passengers;
            (10) air carriers;
            (11) the tourism industry; and
            (12) the business travel industry.
    (c) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the qualified organization 
shall consider--
            (1) the ability of airport infrastructure to meet current and 
        projected passenger volumes;
            (2) the available financial tools and resources for airports of 
        different sizes;
            (3) the available financing tools and resources for airports in 
        rural areas;
            (4) the current debt held by airports, and its impact on future 
        construction and capacity needs;
            (5) the impact of capacity constraints on passengers and ticket 
        prices;
            (6) the purchasing power of the passenger facility charge from the 
        last increase in 2000 to the year of enactment of this Act;
            (7) the impact to passengers and airports of indexing the passenger 
        facility charge for inflation;
            (8) how long airports are constrained with current passenger 
        facility charge collections;
            (9) the impact of passenger facility charges on promoting 
        competition;
            (10) the additional resources or options to fund terminal 
        construction projects;
            (11) the resources eligible for use toward noise reduction and 
        emission reduction projects;
            (12) the gap between the cost of projects eligible for the airport 
        improvement program and the annual Federal funding provided;
            (13) the impact of regulatory requirements on airport infrastructure 
        financing needs;
            (14) airline competition;
            (15) airline ancillary fees and their impact on ticket pricing and 
        taxable revenue; and
            (16) the ability of airports to finance necessary safety, security, 
        capacity, and environmental projects identified in capital improvement 
        plans.
    (d) Large Hub Airports.--The study shall, to the extent not considered under 
subsection (c), separately evaluate the infrastructure requirements of the large 
hub airports identified in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems 
(NPIAS). The evaluation shall--
            (1) analyze the current and future capacity constraints of large hub 
        airports;
            (2) quantify large hub airports' infrastructure requirements, 
        including terminal, landside, and airside infrastructure;
            (3) quantify the percentage growth in infrastructure requirements of 
        the large hub airports relative to other commercial service airports;
            (4) analyze how much funding from the airport improvement program 
        (AIP) has gone to meet the requirements of large hub airports over the 
        past 10 years; and
            (5) project how much AIP funding would be available to meet the 
        requirements of large hub airports in the next 5 years if funding levels 
        are held constant.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the qualified organization shall submit to the Secretary and the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the study 
described in subsection (a), including its findings and recommendations related 
to each item in subsections (c) and (d).
    (f) Definition of Qualified Organization.--In this section, the term 
``qualified organization'' means an independent nonprofit organization that 
recommends solutions to public policy challenges through objective analysis.

SEC. 123. INTERMODAL ACCESS PROJECTS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, after consideration 
of all public comments, publish in the Federal Register a final policy amendment 
consistent with the notice published in the Federal Register on May 3, 2016 (81 
Fed. Reg. 26611).

              Subtitle C--Airport Improvement Program Modifications

SEC. 131. GRANT ASSURANCES.

    Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(17), by striking ``each contract'' and 
        inserting ``if any phase of such project has received funds under this 
        subchapter, each contract'';
            (2) in subsection (r)(3), by striking ``2018'' and inserting 
        ``2023''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(u) Construction of Recreational Aircraft.--
            ``(1) In general.--The construction of a covered aircraft shall be 
        treated as an aeronautical activity for purposes of--
                    ``(A) determining an airport's compliance with a grant 
                assurance made under this section or any other provision of law; 
                and
                    ``(B) the receipt of Federal financial assistance for 
                airport development.
            ``(2) Covered aircraft defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        `covered aircraft' means an aircraft--
                    ``(A) used or intended to be used exclusively for 
                recreational purposes; and
                    ``(B) constructed or under construction by a private 
                individual at a general aviation airport.
    ``(v) Community Use of Airport Land.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(13), and subject 
        to paragraph (2), the sponsor of a public-use airport shall not be 
        considered to be in violation of this subtitle, or to be found in 
        violation of a grant assurance made under this section, or under any 
        other provision of law, as a condition for the receipt of Federal 
        financial assistance for airport development, solely because the sponsor 
        has entered into an agreement, including a revised agreement, with a 
        local government providing for the use of airport property for an 
        interim compatible recreational purpose at below fair market value.
            ``(2) Restrictions.--This subsection shall apply only--
                    ``(A) to an agreement regarding airport property that was 
                initially entered into before the publication of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration's Policy and Procedures Concerning the 
                Use of Airport Revenue, dated February 16, 1999;
                    ``(B) if the agreement between the sponsor and the local 
                government is subordinate to any existing or future agreements 
                between the sponsor and the Secretary, including agreements 
                related to a grant assurance under this section;
                    ``(C) to airport property that was acquired under a Federal 
                airport development grant program;
                    ``(D) if the airport sponsor has provided a written 
                statement to the Administrator that the property made available 
                for a recreational purpose will not be needed for any 
                aeronautical purpose during the next 10 years;
                    ``(E) if the agreement includes a term of not more than 2 
                years to prepare the airport property for the interim compatible 
                recreational purpose and not more than 10 years of use for that 
                purpose;
                    ``(F) if the recreational purpose will not impact the 
                aeronautical use of the airport;
                    ``(G) if the airport sponsor provides a certification that 
                the sponsor is not responsible for preparation, start-up, 
                operations, maintenance, or any other costs associated with the 
                recreational purpose; and
                    ``(H) if the recreational purpose is consistent with Federal 
                land use compatibility criteria under section 47502.
            ``(3) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
        construed as permitting a diversion of airport revenue for the capital 
        or operating costs associated with the community use of airport land.''.

SEC. 132. MOTHERS' ROOMS.

    (a) Grant Assurances.--Section 47107 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(w) Mothers' Rooms.--
            ``(1) In general.--In fiscal year 2021 and each fiscal year 
        thereafter, the Secretary of Transportation may approve an application 
        under this subchapter for an airport development project grant only if 
        the Secretary receives written assurances that the airport owner or 
        operator will maintain--
                    ``(A) a lactation area in the sterile area of each passenger 
                terminal building of the airport; and
                    ``(B) a baby changing table in one men's and one women's 
                restroom in each passenger terminal building of the airport.
            ``(2) Applicability.--
                    ``(A) Airport size.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall 
                only apply to applications submitted by the airport sponsor of a 
                medium or large hub airport.
                    ``(B) Preexisting facilities.--On application by an airport 
                sponsor, the Secretary may determine that a lactation area in 
                existence on the date of enactment of this Act complies with the 
                requirement in paragraph (1), notwithstanding the absence of one 
                of the facilities or characteristics referred to in the 
                definition of the term `lactation area' in this subsection.
                    ``(C) Special rule.--The requirement in paragraph (1) shall 
                not apply with respect to a project grant application for a 
                period of time, determined by the Secretary, if the Secretary 
                determines that construction or maintenance activities make it 
                impracticable or unsafe for the lactation area to be located in 
                the sterile area of the building.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this section, the term--
                    ``(A) `lactation area' means a room or similar accommodation 
                that--
                            ``(i) provides a location for members of the public 
                        to express breast milk that is shielded from view and 
                        free from intrusion from the public;
                            ``(ii) has a door that can be locked;
                            ``(iii) includes a place to sit, a table or other 
                        flat surface, a sink or sanitizing equipment, and an 
                        electrical outlet;
                            ``(iv) is readily accessible to and usable by 
                        individuals with disabilities, including individuals who 
                        use wheelchairs; and
                            ``(v) is not located in a restroom; and
                    ``(B) `sterile area' has the same meaning given that term in 
                section 1540.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.''.
    (b) Terminal Development Costs.--Section 47119(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Lactation areas.--In addition to the projects described in 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary may approve a project for terminal 
        development for the construction or installation of a lactation area (as 
        defined in section 47107(w)) at a commercial service airport.''.

SEC. 133. CONTRACT TOWER PROGRAM.

    (a) Air Traffic Control Contract Program.--
            (1) Special rule.--Section 47124(b)(1)(B) of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``under the program continued under this 
                paragraph'' and inserting ``under the Contract Tower Program''; 
                and
                    (B) by striking ``exceeds the benefit for a period of 18 
                months after such determination is made'' and inserting the 
                following: ``exceeds the benefit--
                            ``(i) for the 1-year period after such determination 
                        is made; or
                            ``(ii) if an appeal of such determination is 
                        requested, for the 1-year period described in subsection 
                        (d)(4)(D).''.
            (2) Exemption.--Section 47124(b)(3)(D) of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``under the program'' and inserting ``under 
                the Cost-share Program''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following: ``Airports with air 
                service provided under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, and more than 25,000 passenger enplanements in 
                calendar year 2014 shall be exempt from any cost-share 
                requirement under this paragraph.''.
            (3) Construction of air traffic control towers.--
                    (A) Grants.--Section 47124(b)(4)(A) of title 49, United 
                States Code, is amended in each of clauses (i)(III) and 
                (ii)(III) by inserting ``, including remote air traffic control 
                tower equipment certified by the Federal Aviation 
                Administration'' after ``1996''.
                    (B) Eligibility.--Section 47124(b)(4)(B)(i)(I) of title 49, 
                United States Code, is amended by striking ``contract tower 
                program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
                paragraph (1) or the pilot program established under paragraph 
                (3)'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program or the Cost-share 
                Program''.
                    (C) Limitation on federal share.--Section 47124(b)(4) of 
                title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
                subparagraph (C).
            (4) Benefit-to-cost calculation for program applicants.--Section 
        47124(b)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
        end the following:
                    ``(G) Benefit-to-cost calculation.--Not later than 90 days 
                after receiving an application to the Contract Tower Program, 
                the Secretary shall calculate a benefit-to-cost ratio (as 
                described in subsection (d)) for the applicable air traffic 
                control tower for purposes of selecting towers for participation 
                in the Contract Tower Program.''.
    (b) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--Section 47124 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Criteria To Evaluate Participants.--
            ``(1) Timing of evaluations.--
                    ``(A) Towers participating in cost-share program.--In the 
                case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under the 
                Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall annually calculate a 
                benefit-to-cost ratio with respect to the tower.
                    ``(B) Towers participating in contract tower program.--In 
                the case of an air traffic control tower that is operated under 
                the Contract Tower Program, the Secretary shall not calculate a 
                benefit-to-cost ratio after the date of enactment of this 
                subsection with respect to the tower unless the Secretary 
                determines that the annual aircraft traffic at the airport where 
                the tower is located has decreased--
                            ``(i) by more than 25 percent from the previous 
                        year; or
                            ``(ii) by more than 55 percent cumulatively in the 
                        preceding 3-year period.
            ``(2) Costs to be considered.--In establishing a benefit-to-cost 
        ratio under this section with respect to an air traffic control tower, 
        the Secretary shall consider only the following costs:
                    ``(A) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual cost of 
                wages and benefits of personnel working at the tower.
                    ``(B) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual 
                telecommunications costs directly associated with the tower.
                    ``(C) The Federal Aviation Administration's costs of 
                purchasing and installing any air traffic control equipment that 
                would not have been purchased or installed except as a result of 
                the operation of the tower.
                    ``(D) The Federal Aviation Administration's actual travel 
                costs associated with maintaining air traffic control equipment 
                that is owned by the Administration and would not be maintained 
                except as a result of the operation of the tower.
                    ``(E) Other actual costs of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration directly associated with the tower that would not 
                be incurred except as a result of the operation of the tower 
                (excluding costs for noncontract tower-related personnel and 
                equipment, even if the personnel or equipment is located in the 
                contract tower building).
            ``(3) Other criteria to be considered.--In establishing a benefit-
        to-cost ratio under this section with respect to an air traffic control 
        tower, the Secretary shall add a 10 percentage point margin of error to 
        the benefit-to-cost ratio determination to acknowledge and account for 
        the direct and indirect economic and other benefits that are not 
        included in the criteria the Secretary used in calculating that ratio.
            ``(4) Review of cost-benefit determinations.--In issuing a benefit-
        to-cost ratio determination under this section with respect to an air 
        traffic control tower located at an airport, the Secretary shall 
        implement the following procedures:
                    ``(A) The Secretary shall provide the airport (or the State 
                or local government having jurisdiction over the airport) at 
                least 90 days following the date of receipt of the determination 
                to submit to the Secretary a request for an appeal of the 
                determination, together with updated or additional data in 
                support of the appeal.
                    ``(B) Upon receipt of a request for an appeal submitted 
                pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) transmit to the Administrator of the Federal 
                        Aviation Administration any updated or additional data 
                        submitted in support of the appeal; and
                            ``(ii) provide the Administrator not more than 90 
                        days to review the data and provide a response to the 
                        Secretary based on the review.
                    ``(C) After receiving a response from the Administrator 
                pursuant to subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) provide the airport, State, or local 
                        government that requested the appeal at least 30 days to 
                        review the response; and
                            ``(ii) withhold from taking further action in 
                        connection with the appeal during that 30-day period.
                    ``(D) If, after completion of the appeal procedures with 
                respect to the determination, the Secretary requires the tower 
                to transition into the Cost-share Program, the Secretary shall 
                not require a cost-share payment from the airport, State, or 
                local government for 1 year following the last day of the 30-day 
                period described in subparagraph (C).
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Contract tower program.--The term `Contract Tower Program' 
        means the level I air traffic control tower contract program established 
        under subsection (a) and continued under subsection (b)(1).
            ``(2) Cost-share program.--The term `Cost-share Program' means the 
        cost-share program established under subsection (b)(3).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--Section 47124(b) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``the program established under 
        paragraph (3)'' and inserting ``the Cost-share Program'';
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``contract air traffic 
                control tower program'' and inserting ``Cost-share program'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``contract tower 
                program established under subsection (a) and continued under 
                paragraph (1) (in this paragraph referred to as the `Contract 
                Tower Program')'' and inserting ``Contract Tower Program'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``In carrying out the 
                program'' and inserting ``In carrying out the Cost-share 
                Program'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``participate in the 
                program'' and inserting ``participate in the Cost-share 
                Program''; and
                    (E) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``the program continued 
                under paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``the Contract Tower 
                Program''.
    (d) Approval of Certain Applications for the Contract Tower Program.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration has not implemented a revised cost-benefit methodology 
        for purposes of determining eligibility for the Contract Tower Program 
        before the date that is 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        any airport with an application for participation in the Contract Tower 
        Program pending as of January 1, 2017, shall be approved for 
        participation in the Contract Tower Program if the Administrator 
        determines the tower is eligible under the criteria set forth in the 
        Federal Aviation Administration report entitled ``Establishment and 
        Discontinuance Criteria for Airport Traffic Control Towers'', and dated 
        August 1990 (FAA-APO-90-7).
            (2) Requests for additional authority.--The Administrator shall 
        respond not later than 60 days after the date the Administrator receives 
        a formal request from an airport and air traffic control contractor for 
        additional authority to expand contract tower operational hours and 
        staff to accommodate flight traffic outside of current tower operational 
        hours.
            (3) Definition of contract tower program.--In this section, the term 
        ``Contract Tower Program'' has the meaning given the term in section 
        47124(e) of title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.

SEC. 134. GOVERNMENT SHARE OF PROJECT COSTS.

    Section 47109(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``primary airport having at least 
        .25 percent of the total number of passenger boardings each year at all 
        commercial service airports;'' and inserting ``medium or large hub 
        airport;''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:
            ``(5) 95 percent for a project that--
                    ``(A) the Administrator determines is a successive phase of 
                a multiphase construction project for which the sponsor received 
                a grant in fiscal year 2011; and
                    ``(B) for which the United States Government's share of 
                allowable project costs would otherwise be capped at 90 percent 
                under paragraph (2) or (3).''.

SEC. 135. UPDATED VETERANS' PREFERENCE.

    Section 47112(c)(1)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn for more'' and inserting 
        ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve, Operation Freedom's 
        Sentinel, or any successor contingency operation to such operations for 
        more''; and
            (2) by striking ``or Operation New Dawn (whichever is later)'' and 
        inserting ``Operation New Dawn, Operation Inherent Resolve, Operation 
        Freedom's Sentinel, or any successor contingency operation to such 
        operations (whichever is later)''.

SEC. 136. USE OF STATE HIGHWAY SPECIFICATIONS.

    Section 47114(d)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(5) Use of state highway specifications.--The Secretary shall use 
        the highway specifications of a State for airfield pavement construction 
        and improvement using funds made available under this subsection at 
        nonprimary airports serving aircraft that do not exceed 60,000 pounds 
        gross weight if--
                    ``(A) such State requests the use of such specifications; 
                and
                    ``(B) the Secretary determines that--
                            ``(i) safety will not be negatively affected; and
                            ``(ii) the life of the pavement, with necessary 
                        maintenance and upkeep, will not be shorter than it 
                        would be if constructed using Administration 
                        standards.''.

SEC. 137. FORMER MILITARY AIRPORTS.

    Section 47118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) the airport is--
                    ``(A) a former military installation that, at any time after 
                December 31, 1965, was owned and operated by the Department of 
                Defense; and
                    ``(B) a nonhub primary airport.''.

SEC. 138. ELIGIBILITY OF CCTV PROJECTS FOR AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    Section 47119(a)(1)(B) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``; and'' at the end and inserting ``; or'';
            (2) by striking ``directly related to moving passengers'' and 
        inserting the following: ``directly related to--
                            ``(i) moving passengers''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) installing security cameras in the public 
                        area of the interior and exterior of the terminal; 
                        and''.

SEC. 139. STATE BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM EXPANSION.

    Section 47128(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
``not more than 9 qualified States for fiscal years 2000 and 2001 and 10 
qualified States for each fiscal year thereafter'' and inserting ``not more than 
20 qualified States for each fiscal year''.

SEC. 140. NON-MOVEMENT AREA SURVEILLANCE PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after section 47142 the following:
``Sec. 47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems pilot 
              program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
may carry out a pilot program to support non-Federal acquisition and 
installation of qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display 
systems and sensors if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines that such systems and sensors 
        would improve safety or capacity in the National Airspace System; and
            ``(2) the non-movement area surveillance surface display systems and 
        sensors supplement existing movement area systems and sensors at the 
        selected airports established under other programs administered by the 
        Administrator.
    ``(b) Project Grants.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of carrying out the pilot program, 
        the Administrator may make a project grant out of funds apportioned 
        under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of section 47114(c) to not more 
        than 5 eligible sponsors to acquire and install qualifying non-movement 
        area surveillance surface display systems and sensors. The airports 
        selected to participate in the pilot program shall have existing 
        Administration movement area systems and airlines that are participants 
        in Federal Aviation Administration's airport collaborative decision-
        making process.
            ``(2) Data exchange processes.--As part of the pilot program carried 
        out under this section, the Administrator may establish data exchange 
        processes to allow airport participation in the Administration's airport 
        collaborative decision-making process and fusion of the non-movement 
        surveillance data with the Administration's movement area systems.
    ``(c) Sunset.--This section shall cease to be effective on October 1, 2023.
    ``(d) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Non-movement area.--The term `non-movement area' means the 
        portion of the airfield surface that is not under the control of air 
        traffic control.
            ``(2) Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems and 
        sensors.--The term `non-movement area surveillance surface display 
        systems and sensors' means a non-Federal surveillance system that uses 
        on-airport sensors that track vehicles or aircraft that are equipped 
        with transponders in the non-movement area.
            ``(3) Qualifying non-movement area surveillance surface display 
        system and sensors.--The term `qualifying non-movement area surveillance 
        surface display system and sensors' means a non-movement area 
        surveillance surface display system that--
                    ``(A) provides the required transmit and receive data 
                formats consistent with the National Airspace System 
                architecture at the appropriate service delivery point;
                    ``(B) is on-airport; and
                    ``(C) is airport operated.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents of chapter 
471 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 47142 the following:

``47143. Non-movement area surveillance surface display systems pilot 
                            program.''.

SEC. 141. PROPERTY CONVEYANCE RELEASES.

    Section 817(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 
47125 note) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or section 23'' and inserting ``, section 23''; 
        and
            (2) by inserting ``, or section 47125 of title 49, United States 
        Code'' before the period at the end.

SEC. 142. STUDY REGARDING TECHNOLOGY USAGE AT AIRPORTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall initiate a 
study on--
            (1) technology developed by international entities (including 
        foreign nations and companies) that have been installed in American 
        airports and aviation systems over the past decade, including the nation 
        where the technology was developed and any airports utilizing the 
        technology; and
            (2) aviation safety-related technology developed and implemented by 
        international entities with proven track records of success that may 
        assist in establishing best practices to improve American aviation 
        operations and safety.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the study.

SEC. 143. STUDY ON AIRPORT REVENUE DIVERSION.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a study of--
            (1) the legal and financial challenges related to repealing the 
        exception in section 47107(b)(2) of title 49, United States Code, for 
        those airports that the Federal Aviation Administration has identified 
        are covered by the exception; and
            (2) measures that may be taken to mitigate the impact of repealing 
        the exception.
    (b) Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall address--
            (1) the level of revenue diversion at the airports covered by the 
        exception described in subsection (a)(1) and the uses of the diverted 
        revenue;
            (2) the terms of any bonds or financial covenants an airport owner 
        has issued relying on diverted airport revenue;
            (3) applicable local laws or ordinances requiring use of airport 
        revenue for nonairport purposes;
            (4) whether repealing the exception would improve the long-term 
        financial performance of impacted airports; and
            (5) any other practical implications of repealing the exception for 
        airports or the national aviation system.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 144. GAO STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF GRANTING AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF AERONAUTICAL 
              SERVICES TO AN AIRPORT SPONSOR.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study to 
examine the cases in which an airport sponsor has exercised an exclusive right 
(commonly known as a proprietary exclusive right), as described in the Federal 
Aviation Advisory Circular 150/1590-6 issued on January 4, 2007.
    (b) Report.--Upon completion of the study described under subsection (a), 
the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the findings of the study.

SEC. 145. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON SMART AIRPORTS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration and the Secretary of Transportation should produce a smart 
airports initiative plan that focuses on creating a more consumer-friendly and 
digitally connected airport experience. The plan should include recommendations 
on modernizing technologies to provide more efficient check-ins, shortened 
security lines, Wi-Fi and GPS upgrades, as well as improvements of aircraft 
turnaround for on-time boarding and flights. The purpose of the initiative is to 
invest in technologies and infrastructure toward better-connected airports while 
providing appropriate national security and cybersecurity for travelers.

SEC. 146. CRITICAL AIRFIELD MARKINGS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a request for 
proposal for a study that includes--
            (1) an independent, third-party study to assess the durability of 
        Type III and Type I glass beads applied to critical markings over a 2-
        year period at not fewer than 2 primary airports in varying weather 
        conditions to measure the retroreflectivity levels of such markings on a 
        quarterly basis; and
            (2) a study at 2 other airports carried out by applying Type III 
        glass beads on half of the centerline and Type I glass beads to the 
        other half and providing for assessments from pilots through surveys 
        administered by a third party as to the visibility and performance of 
        the Type III glass beads as compared to the Type I glass beads over a 1-
        year period.

SEC. 147. GENERAL FACILITIES AUTHORITY.

    Section 44502 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Transfers of Air Traffic Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport may transfer, without consideration, 
        to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, an eligible 
        air traffic system or equipment that conforms to performance 
        specifications of the Administrator if a Government airport aid program, 
        airport development aid program, or airport improvement project grant 
        was used to assist in purchasing the system or equipment.
            ``(2) Acceptance.--The Administrator shall accept the eligible air 
        traffic system or equipment and operate and maintain it under criteria 
        of the Administrator.
            ``(3) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `eligible air 
        traffic system or equipment' means--
                    ``(A) an instrument landing system consisting of a glide 
                slope and localizer (if the Administrator has determined that a 
                satellite navigation system cannot provide a suitable approach 
                to an airport);
                    ``(B) an Automated Weather Observing System weather 
                observation system; or
                    ``(C) a Remote Communication Air/Ground and Remote 
                Communication Outlet communications facility.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Airport Space.--
            ``(1) Restriction.--The Administrator may not require an airport 
        owner or sponsor (as defined in section 47102) to provide to the Federal 
        Aviation Administration without cost any of the following:
                    ``(A) Building construction, maintenance, utilities, or 
                expenses for services relating to air traffic control, air 
                navigation, or weather reporting.
                    ``(B) Space in a facility owned by the airport owner or 
                sponsor for services relating to air traffic control, air 
                navigation, or weather reporting.
            ``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
        construed to affect--
                    ``(A) any agreement the Secretary may have or make with an 
                airport owner or sponsor for the airport owner or sponsor to 
                provide any of the items described in paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) 
                at below-market rates; or
                    ``(B) any grant assurance that requires an airport owner or 
                sponsor to provide land to the Administration without cost for 
                an air traffic control facility.''.

SEC. 148. RECYCLING PLANS; UNCATEGORIZED SMALL AIRPORTS.

    (a) Project Grant Application Approval.--Section 47106(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``that includes the project'' 
        before ``, the master plan'';
            (3) in paragraph (6)(E), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7) if the project is at an airport that is listed as having an 
        unclassified status under the most recent national plan of integrated 
        airport systems (as described in section 47103), the project will be 
        funded with an amount appropriated under section 47114(d)(3)(B) and is--
                    ``(A) for maintenance of the pavement of the primary runway;
                    ``(B) for obstruction removal for the primary runway;
                    ``(C) for the rehabilitation of the primary runway; or
                    ``(D) for a project that the Secretary considers necessary 
                for the safe operation of the airport.''.
    (b) Nonprimary Apportionment.--Section 47114(d)(3) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) During fiscal years 2019 and 2020--
                            ``(i) an airport that accrued apportionment funds 
                        under subparagraph (A) in fiscal year 2013 that is 
                        listed as having an unclassified status under the most 
                        recent national plan of integrated airport systems shall 
                        continue to accrue apportionment funds under 
                        subparagraph (A) at the same amount the airport accrued 
                        apportionment funds in fiscal year 2013, subject to the 
                        conditions of this paragraph;
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding the period of availability as 
                        described in section 47117(b), an amount apportioned to 
                        an airport under clause (i) shall be available to the 
                        airport only during the fiscal year in which the amount 
                        is apportioned; and
                            ``(iii) notwithstanding the waiver permitted under 
                        section 47117(c)(2), an airport receiving apportionment 
                        funds under clause (i) may not waive its claim to any 
                        part of the apportioned funds in order to make the funds 
                        available for a grant for another public-use airport.
                    ``(D) An airport that re-establishes its classified status 
                shall be eligible to accrue apportionment funds pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A) so long as such airport retains its classified 
                status.''.

SEC. 149. EVALUATION OF AIRPORT MASTER PLANS.

    Section 47106 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Airport Master Plans.--When evaluating the master plan 
of an airport for purposes of this subchapter, the Secretary shall take into 
account--
            ``(1) the role the airport plays with respect to medical emergencies 
        and evacuations; and
            ``(2) the role the airport plays in emergency or disaster 
        preparedness in the community served by the airport.''.

SEC. 150. DEFINITION OF SMALL BUSINESS CONCERN.

    Section 47113(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(1) `small business concern'--
                    ``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the 
                Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632); but
                    ``(B) in the case of a concern in the construction industry, 
                a concern shall be considered a small business concern if the 
                concern meets the size standard for the North American Industry 
                Classification System Code 237310, as adjusted by the Small 
                Business Administration;''.

SEC. 151. SMALL AIRPORT REGULATION RELIEF.

    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking 
subparagraph (F) and inserting the following:
                    ``(F) Special rule for fiscal years 2018 through 2020.--
                Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) and subject to subparagraph 
                (G), the Secretary shall apportion to a sponsor of an airport 
                under that subparagraph for each of fiscal years 2018 through 
                2020 an amount based on the number of passenger boardings at the 
                airport during calendar year 2012 if the airport--
                            ``(i) had 10,000 or more passenger boardings during 
                        calendar year 2012;
                            ``(ii) had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings 
                        during the calendar year used to calculate the 
                        apportionment for fiscal year 2018, 2019, or 2020, as 
                        applicable, under subparagraph (A); and
                            ``(iii) had scheduled air service at any point in 
                        the calendar year used to calculate the apportionment.
                    ``(G) Limitations and waivers.--The authority to make 
                apportionments in the manner prescribed in subparagraph (F) may 
                be utilized no more than 3 years in a row. The Secretary may 
                waive this limitation if the Secretary determines that an 
                airport's enplanements are substantially close to 10,000 
                enplanements and the airport sponsor or affected communities are 
                taking reasonable steps to restore enplanements above 10,000.
                    ``(H) Minimum apportionment for commercial service airports 
                with more than 8,000 passenger boardings in a calendar year.--
                Not less than $600,000 may be apportioned under subparagraph (A) 
                for each fiscal year to each sponsor of a commercial service 
                airport that had fewer than 10,000 passenger boardings, but at 
                least 8,000 passenger boardings, during the prior calendar 
                year.''.

SEC. 152. CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN CONTROL TOWERS.

    Section 47116(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(3) Control tower construction.--Notwithstanding section 
        47124(b)(4)(A), the Secretary may provide grants under this section to 
        an airport sponsor participating in the contract tower program under 
        section 47124 for the construction or improvement of a nonapproach 
        control tower, as defined by the Secretary, and for the acquisition and 
        installation of air traffic control, communications, and related 
        equipment to be used in that tower. Such grants shall be subject to the 
        distribution requirements of subsection (b) and the eligibility 
        requirements of section 47124(b)(4)(B).''.

SEC. 153. NONDISCRIMINATION.

    Section 47123 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Secretary of Transportation'' and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Indian Employment.--
            ``(1) Tribal sponsor preference.--Consistent with section 703(i) of 
        the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(i)), nothing in this 
        section shall preclude the preferential employment of Indians living on 
        or near a reservation on a project or contract at--
                    ``(A) an airport sponsored by an Indian tribal government; 
                or
                    ``(B) an airport located on an Indian reservation.
            ``(2) State preference.--A State may implement a preference for 
        employment of Indians on a project carried out under this subchapter 
        near an Indian reservation.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consult with Indian 
        tribal governments and cooperate with the States to implement this 
        subsection.
            ``(4) Indian tribal government defined.--In this section, the term 
        `Indian tribal government' has the same meaning given that term in 
        section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).''.

SEC. 154. DEFINITION OF AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 47116(d)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(2) Airport development for eligible mountaintop airports.--In 
        making grants to sponsors described in subsection (b), the Secretary 
        shall give priority consideration to mass grading and associated 
        structural support (including access road, duct banks, and other related 
        infrastructure) at mountaintop airports, provided that the airport would 
        not otherwise have sufficient surface area for--
                    ``(A) eligible and justified airport development projects; 
                or
                    ``(B) additional hangar space.''.

SEC. 155. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT EXPIRED FUNDS.

    Section 47117(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``An amount'' and inserting ``(1) In general.--An 
        amount'';
            (2) by striking ``If the amount'' and inserting ``Except as provided 
        in paragraph (2), if the amount''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Expired amounts apportioned for general aviation airports.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
                if an amount apportioned under section 47114(d) is not obligated 
                within the time specified in paragraph (1), that amount shall be 
                added to the discretionary fund under section 47115 of this 
                title, provided that--
                            ``(i) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A) 
                        shall be used for grants for projects in accordance with 
                        section 47115(d)(2) at airports eligible to receive an 
                        apportionment under section 47114(d)(2) or (3)(A), 
                        whichever is applicable; and
                            ``(ii) amounts made available under paragraph (2)(A) 
                        that are not obligated by July 1 of the fiscal year in 
                        which the funds will expire shall be made available for 
                        all projects in accordance with section 47115(d)(2).
                    ``(B) State block grant program.--If an amount apportioned 
                to an airport under section 47114(d)(3)(A) is not obligated 
                within the time specified in paragraph (1), and the airport is 
                located in a State participating in the State block grant 
                program under section 47128, the amount shall be made available 
                to that State under the same conditions as if the State had been 
                apportioned the amount under section 47114(d)(3)(B).''.

SEC. 156. PRIORITY REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN COLD WEATHER STATES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, 
to the extent practicable, shall schedule the Administrator's review of 
construction projects so that projects to be carried out in the States in which 
the weather during a typical calendar year prevents major construction projects 
from being carried out before May 1 are reviewed as early as possible.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide a briefing to the appropriate 
committees of Congress annually on the effectiveness of the review and 
prioritization.
    (c) Technical Amendment.--Section 154 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 47112 note) and the item relating to that section in the 
table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.

SEC. 157. MINORITY AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PARTICIPATION.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) While significant progress has occurred due to the establishment 
        of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise program (sections 
        47107(e) and 47113 of title 49, United States Code), discrimination and 
        related barriers continue to pose significant obstacles for minority- 
        and women-owned businesses seeking to do business in airport-related 
        markets across the Nation. These continuing barriers merit the 
        continuation of the airport disadvantaged business enterprise program.
            (2) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and documentation 
        of race and gender discrimination from numerous sources, including 
        congressional hearings and roundtables, scientific reports, reports 
        issued by public and private agencies, news stories, reports of 
        discrimination by organizations and individuals, and discrimination 
        lawsuits. This testimony and documentation shows that race- and gender-
        neutral efforts alone are insufficient to address the problem.
            (3) This testimony and documentation demonstrates that 
        discrimination across the Nation poses a barrier to full and fair 
        participation in airport-related businesses of women business owners and 
        minority business owners in the racial groups detailed in parts 23 and 
        26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, and has impacted firm 
        development and many aspects of airport-related business in the public 
        and private markets.
            (4) This testimony and documentation provides a strong basis that 
        there is a compelling need for the continuation of the airport 
        disadvantaged business enterprise program and the airport concessions 
        disadvantaged business enterprise program to address race and gender 
        discrimination in airport-related business.
    (b) Prompt Payments.--
            (1) Reporting of complaints.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration shall ensure that each airport that participates in the 
        Program tracks, and reports to the Administrator, the number of covered 
        complaints made in relation to activities at that airport.
            (2) Improving compliance.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator shall take actions to 
                assess and improve compliance with prompt payment requirements 
                under part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
                    (B) Contents of assessment.--In carrying out subparagraph 
                (A), the Administrator shall assess--
                            (i) whether requirements relating to the inclusion 
                        of prompt payment language in contracts are being 
                        satisfied;
                            (ii) whether and how airports are enforcing prompt 
                        payment requirements;
                            (iii) the processes by which covered complaints are 
                        received and resolved by airports;
                            (iv) whether improvements need to be made to--
                                    (I) better track covered complaints received 
                                by airports; and
                                    (II) assist the resolution of covered 
                                complaints in a timely manner;
                            (v) whether changes to prime contractor 
                        specifications need to be made to ensure prompt payments 
                        to subcontractors; and,
                            (vi) whether changes to prime contractor 
                        specifications need to be made to ensure prompt payment 
                        of retainage to subcontractors.
                    (C) Reporting.--The Administrator shall make available to 
                the public on an appropriate website operated by the 
                Administrator a report describing the results of the assessment 
                completed under this paragraph, including a plan to respond to 
                such results.
            (3) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions 
        apply:
                    (A) Covered complaint.--The term ``covered complaint'' means 
                a complaint relating to an alleged failure to satisfy a prompt 
                payment requirement under part 26 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations.
                    (B) Program.--The term ``Program'' means the airport 
                disadvantaged business enterprise program referenced in 
                subsection (a)(1) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
                2012 (49 U.S.C. 47113 note).

SEC. 158. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCRETIONARY FUNDS.

    Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is further amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(j) Supplemental Discretionary Funds.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program to 
        provide grants, subject to the conditions of this subsection, for any 
        purpose for which amounts are made available under section 48103 that 
        the Secretary considers most appropriate to carry out this subchapter.
            ``(2) Treatment of grants.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A grant made under this subsection shall 
                be treated as having been made pursuant to the Secretary's 
                authority under section 47104(a) and from the Secretary's 
                discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
                subsection, grants made under this subsection shall not be 
                subject to subsection (c), section 47117(e), or any other 
                apportionment formula, special apportionment category, or 
                minimum percentage set forth in this chapter.
            ``(3) Eligibility and prioritization.--
                    ``(A) Eligibility.--The Secretary may provide grants under 
                this subsection for an airport or terminal development project 
                at any airport that is eligible to receive a grant from the 
                discretionary fund under subsection (a) of this section.
                    ``(B) Prioritization.--Not less than 50 percent of the 
                amounts available under this subsection shall used to provide 
                grants at--
                            ``(i) airports that are eligible for apportionment 
                        under section 47114(d)(3); and
                            ``(ii) nonhub and small hub airports.
            ``(4) Authorization.--
                    ``(A) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
                the Secretary to carry out this subsection the following 
                amounts:
                            ``(i) $1,020,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
                            ``(ii) $1,041,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
                            ``(iii) $1,064,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
                            ``(iv) $1,087,000,000 for fiscal year 2022.
                            ``(v) $1,110,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
                    ``(B) Availability.--Sums authorized to be appropriated 
                under subparagraph (A) shall remain available for 2 fiscal 
                years.''.

SEC. 159. STATE TAXATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 40116(d)(2)(A) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(v) except as otherwise provided under section 47133, levy or 
        collect a tax, fee, or charge, first taking effect after the date of 
        enactment of this clause, upon any business located at a commercial 
        service airport or operating as a permittee of such an airport that is 
        not generally imposed on sales or services by that State, political 
        subdivision, or authority unless wholly utilized for airport or 
        aeronautical purposes.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section or an amendment made by 
this section shall affect a change to a rate or other provision of a tax, fee, 
or charge under section 40116 of title 49, United States Code, that was enacted 
prior to the date of enactment of this Act. Such provision of a tax, fee, or 
charge shall continue to be subject to the requirements to which such provision 
was subject under that section as in effect on the day before the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 160. AIRPORT INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 47134 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Airport 
        investment partnership program'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``, with respect to not more than 
        10 airports,'';
            (3) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``The Secretary may grant an 
        exemption to a sponsor'' and inserting ``If the Secretary grants an 
        exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
        grant an exemption to the sponsor'';
            (4) in subsection (b)(3), by striking ``The Secretary may grant an 
        exemption to a purchaser or lessee'' and inserting ``If the Secretary 
        grants an exemption to a sponsor pursuant to paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall grant an exemption to the corresponding purchaser or 
        lessee'';
            (5) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Program Participation.--
            ``(1) Multiple airports.--The Secretary may consider applications 
        under this section submitted by a public airport sponsor for multiple 
        airports under the control of the sponsor if all airports under the 
        control of the sponsor are located in the same State.
            ``(2) Partial privatization.--A purchaser or lessee may be an entity 
        in which a sponsor has an interest.''; and
            (6) by striking subsections (l) and (m) and inserting the following:
    ``(l) Predevelopment Limitation.--A grant to an airport sponsor under this 
subchapter for predevelopment planning costs relating to the preparation of an 
application or proposed application under this section may not exceed $750,000 
per application or proposed application.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 47134 and 
inserting the following:

``47134. Airport investment partnership program.''.

SEC. 161. REMOTE TOWER PILOT PROGRAM FOR RURAL AND SMALL COMMUNITIES.

    (a) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration shall establish--
                    (A) in consultation with airport operators and other 
                aviation stakeholders, a pilot program at public-use airports to 
                construct and operate remote towers in order to assess their 
                operational benefits;
                    (B) a selection process for participation in the pilot 
                program; and
                    (C) a clear process for the safety and operational 
                certification of the remote towers.
            (2) Safety considerations.--
                    (A) Safety risk management panel.--Prior to the operational 
                use of a remote tower under the pilot program established in 
                subsection (a), the Administrator shall convene a safety risk 
                management panel for the tower to address any safety issues with 
                respect to the tower. The panels shall be created and utilized 
                in a manner similar to that of the safety risk management panels 
                previously convened for remote towers and shall take into 
                account existing best practices and operational data from 
                existing remote towers in the United States.
                    (B) Consultation.--In establishing the pilot program, the 
                Administrator shall consult with operators of remote towers in 
                the United States and foreign countries to design the pilot 
                program in a manner that leverages as many safety and airspace 
                efficiency benefits as possible.
            (3) Applications.--The operator of an airport seeking to participate 
        in the pilot program shall submit to the Administrator an application 
        that is in such form and contains such information as the Administrator 
        may require.
            (4) Program design.--In designing the pilot program, the 
        Administrator shall--
                    (A) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that at least 
                2 different vendors of remote tower systems participate;
                    (B) identify which air traffic control information and data 
                will assist the Administrator in evaluating the feasibility, 
                safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers;
                    (C) implement processes necessary to collect the information 
                and data identified in subparagraph (B);
                    (D) develop criteria, in addition to considering possible 
                selection criteria in paragraph (5), for the selection of 
                airports that will best assist the Administrator in evaluating 
                the feasibility, safety, costs, and benefits of remote towers, 
                including the amount and variety of air traffic at an airport; 
                and
                    (E) prioritize the selection of airports that can best 
                demonstrate the capabilities and benefits of remote towers, 
                including applicants proposing to operate multiple remote towers 
                from a single facility.
            (5) Selection criteria for consideration.--In selecting airports for 
        participation in the pilot program, the Administrator, after 
        consultation with representatives of labor organizations representing 
        operators and employees of the air traffic control system, shall 
        consider for participation in the pilot program--
                    (A) 1 nonhub airport;
                    (B) 3 airports that are not primary airports and that do not 
                have existing air traffic control towers;
                    (C) 1 airport that participates in the Contract Tower 
                Program; and
                    (D) 1 airport selected at the discretion of the 
                Administrator.
            (6) Data.--The Administrator shall clearly identify and collect air 
        traffic control information and data from participating airports that 
        will assist the Administrator in evaluating the feasibility, safety, 
        costs, and benefits of remote towers.
            (7) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the first remote 
        tower is operational, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report--
                    (A) detailing any benefits, costs, or safety improvements 
                associated with the use of the remote towers; and
                    (B) evaluating the feasibility of using remote towers, 
                particularly in the Contract Tower Program, for airports without 
                an air traffic control tower, to improve safety at airports with 
                towers, or to reduce costs without impacting safety at airports 
                with or without existing towers.
            (8) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Administrator shall select airports for participation in 
        the pilot program.
            (9) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Contract tower program.--The term ``Contract Tower 
                Program'' has the meaning given the term in section 47124(e) of 
                title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act.
                    (B) Remote tower.--The term ``remote tower'' means a 
                remotely operated air navigation facility, including all 
                necessary system components, that provides the functions and 
                capabilities of an air traffic control tower whereby air traffic 
                services are provided to operators at an airport from a location 
                that may not be on or near the airport.
                    (C) Other definitions.--The terms ``nonhub airport'', 
                ``primary airport'', and ``public-use airport'' have the 
                meanings given such terms in section 47102 of title 49, United 
                States Code.
            (10) Sunset.--This subsection, including the report required under 
        paragraph (8), shall not be in effect after September 30, 2023.
    (b) Remote Tower Program.--Concurrent with the establishment of the process 
for safety and operational certification of remote towers under subsection 
(a)(1)(C), the Administrator shall establish a process to authorize the 
construction and commissioning of additional remote towers that are certificated 
under subsection (a)(1)(C) at other airports.
    (c) AIP Funding Eligibility.--For purposes of the pilot program under 
subsection (a), and after certificated remote towers are available under 
subsection (b), constructing a remote tower or acquiring and installing air 
traffic control, communications, or related equipment specifically for a remote 
tower shall be considered airport development (as defined in section 47102 of 
title 49, United States Code) for purposes of subchapter I of chapter 471 of 
that title if the components are installed and used at the airport, except, as 
needed, for off-airport sensors installed on leased towers.

SEC. 162. AIRPORT ACCESS ROADS IN REMOTE LOCATIONS.

     Notwithstanding section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal 
years 2018 through 2023--
            (1) the definition of the term ``airport development'' under that 
        section includes the construction of a storage facility to shelter snow 
        removal equipment or aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment that is 
        owned by an airport sponsor and used exclusively to maintain safe 
        airfield operations, up to the facility size necessary to accommodate 
        the types and quantities of equipment prescribed by the FAA, regardless 
        of whether Federal funding was used to acquire the equipment;
            (2) a storage facility to shelter snow removal equipment may exceed 
        the facility size limitation described in paragraph (1) if the airport 
        sponsor certifies to the Secretary that the following conditions are 
        met:
                    (A) The storage facility to be constructed will be used to 
                store snow removal equipment exclusively used for clearing 
                airfield pavement of snow and ice following a weather event.
                    (B) The airport is categorized as a local general aviation 
                airport in the Federal Aviation Administration's 2017-2021 
                National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) report.
                    (C) The 30-year annual snowfall normal of the nearest 
                weather station based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                Administration Summary of Monthly Normals 1981-2010 exceeds 26 
                inches.
                    (D) The airport serves as a base for a medical air ambulance 
                transport aircraft.
                    (E) The airport master record (Form 5010-1) effective on 
                September 14, 2017 for the airport indicates 45 based aircraft 
                consisting of single engine, multiple engine, and jet engine 
                aircraft.
                    (F) No funding under this section will be used for any 
                portion of the storage facility designed to shelter maintenance 
                and operations equipment that are not required for clearing 
                airfield pavement of snow and ice.
                    (G) The airport sponsor will complete design of the storage 
                building not later than September 30, 2019, and will initiate 
                construction of the storage building not later than September 
                30, 2020.
                    (H) The area of the storage facility, or portion thereof, to 
                be funded under this subsection does not exceed 6,000 square 
                feet; and
            (3) the definition of the term ``terminal development'' under that 
        section includes the development of an airport access road that--
                    (A) is located in a noncontiguous State;
                    (B) is not more than 5 miles in length;
                    (C) connects to the nearest public roadways of not more than 
                the 2 closest census designated places; and
                    (D) may provide incidental access to public or private 
                property that is adjacent to the road and is not otherwise 
                connected to a public road.

SEC. 163. LIMITED REGULATION OF NON-FEDERALLY SPONSORED PROPERTY.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the Secretary of 
Transportation may not directly or indirectly regulate--
            (1) the acquisition, use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or disposal 
        of land by an airport owner or operator;
            (2) any facility upon such land; or
            (3) any portion of such land or facility.
    (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply to--
            (1) any regulation ensuring--
                    (A) the safe and efficient operation of aircraft or safety 
                of people and property on the ground related to aircraft 
                operations;
                    (B) that an airport owner or operator receives not less than 
                fair market value in the context of a commercial transaction for 
                the use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or disposal of land, any 
                facilities on such land, or any portion of such land or 
                facilities; or
                    (C) that the airport pays not more than fair market value in 
                the context of a commercial transaction for the acquisition of 
                land or facilities on such land;
            (2) any regulation imposed with respect to land or a facility 
        acquired or modified using Federal funding; or
            (3) any authority contained in--
                    (A) a Surplus Property Act instrument of transfer, or
                    (B) section 40117 of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
affect the applicability of sections 47107(b) or 47133 of title 49, United 
States Code, to revenues generated by the use, lease, encumbrance, transfer, or 
disposal of land under subsection (a), facilities upon such land, or any portion 
of such land or facilities.
    (d) Amendments to Airport Layout Plans.--Section 47107(a)(16) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
                    ``(B) the Secretary will review and approve or disapprove 
                only those portions of the plan (or any subsequent revision to 
                the plan) that materially impact the safe and efficient 
                operation of aircraft at, to, or from the airport or that would 
                adversely affect the safety of people or property on the ground 
                adjacent to the airport as a result of aircraft operations, or 
                that adversely affect the value of prior Federal investments to 
                a significant extent;'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``if the alteration'' and all 
        that follows through ``airport; and'' and inserting the following: 
        ``unless the alteration--
                            ``(i) is outside the scope of the Secretary's review 
                        and approval authority as set forth in subparagraph (B); 
                        or
                            ``(ii) complies with the portions of the plan 
                        approved by the Secretary; and''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (D), in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
        striking ``when an alternation'' and all that follows through 
        ``Secretary, will'' and inserting ``when an alteration in the airport or 
        its facility is made that is within the scope of the Secretary's review 
        and approval authority as set forth in subparagraph (B), and does not 
        conform with the portions of the plan approved by the Secretary, and the 
        Secretary decides that the alteration adversely affects the safety, 
        utility, or efficiency of aircraft operations, or of any property on or 
        off the airport that is owned, leased, or financed by the Government, 
        then the owner or operator will, if requested by the Secretary''.

SEC. 164. SEASONAL AIRPORTS.

    Section 47114(c)(1) of title 49, United States Code, as amended by this Act, 
is further amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) Seasonal airports.--Notwithstanding section 47102, if 
                the Secretary determines that a commercial service airport with 
                at least 8,000 passenger boardings receives scheduled air 
                carrier service for fewer than 6 months in the calendar year 
                used to calculate apportionments to airport sponsors in a fiscal 
                year, then the Secretary shall consider the airport to be a 
                nonhub primary airport for purposes of this chapter.''.

SEC. 165. AMENDMENTS TO DEFINITIONS.

    Section 47102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (K), by striking ``7505a) and if such 
                project will result in an airport receiving appropriate'' and 
                inserting ``7505a)) and if the airport would be able to 
                receive'';
                    (B) by striking subparagraph (L) and inserting the 
                following:
                    ``(L) a project by a commercial service airport for the 
                acquisition of airport-owned vehicles or ground support 
                equipment equipped with low-emission technology if the airport 
                is located in an air quality nonattainment or maintenance area 
                (as defined in sections 171(2) and 175A of the Clean Air Act (42 
                U.S.C. 7501(2); 7505a)), if the airport would be able to receive 
                appropriate emission credits (as described in section 47139), 
                and the vehicles are;
                            ``(i) used exclusively on airport property; or
                            ``(ii) used exclusively to transport passengers and 
                        employees between the airport and the airport's 
                        consolidated rental car facility or an intermodal 
                        surface transportation facility adjacent to the 
                        airport.''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(P) an on-airport project to improve the reliability and 
                efficiency of the airport's power supply and to prevent power 
                disruptions to the airfield, passenger terminal, and any other 
                airport facilities, including the acquisition and installation 
                of electrical generators, separation of the airport's main power 
                supply from its redundant power supply, and the construction or 
                modification of airport facilities to install a microgrid (as 
                defined in section 641 of the United States Energy Storage 
                Competitiveness Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17231)).
                    ``(Q) converting or retrofitting vehicles and ground support 
                equipment into eligible zero-emission vehicles and equipment (as 
                defined in section 47136) and for acquiring, by purchase or 
                lease, eligible zero-emission vehicles and equipment.
                    ``(R) predevelopment planning, including financial, legal, 
                or procurement consulting services, related to an application or 
                proposed application for an exemption under section 47134.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``regulations'' and inserting 
        ``requirements''; and
            (3) in paragraph (8), by striking ``public'' and inserting ``public-
        use''.

SEC. 166. PILOT PROGRAM SUNSETS.

    (a) In General.--Sections 47136 and 47140 of title 49, United States Code, 
are repealed.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Sections 47136a and 47140a of title 49, United States Code, are 
        redesignated as sections 47136 and 47140, respectively.
            (2) Section 47139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (c); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (c).
    (c) Clerical Amendments.--The analysis for chapter 471 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the items relating to sections 47136, 47136a, 47140, 
        and 47140a;
            (2) by inserting after the item relating to section 47135 the 
        following:

``47136. Zero-emission airport vehicles and infrastructure.''; and
            (3) by inserting after the item relating to section 47139 the 
        following:

``47140. Increasing the energy efficiency of airport power sources.''.

SEC. 167. BUY AMERICA REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Notice of Waivers.--If the Secretary of Transportation determines that 
it is necessary to waive the application of section 50101(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, based on a finding under section 50101(b) of that title, the 
Secretary, at least 10 days before the date on which the waiver takes effect, 
shall--
            (1) make publicly available, in an easily identifiable location on 
        the website of the Department of Transportation, a detailed written 
        justification of the waiver determination; and
            (2) provide an informal public notice and comment opportunity on the 
        waiver determination.
    (b) Annual Report.--For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on waivers issued under section 
50101 of title 49, United States Code, during the fiscal year.

            Subtitle D--Airport Noise and Environmental Streamlining

SEC. 171. FUNDING ELIGIBILITY FOR AIRPORT ENERGY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) Cost Reimbursements.--Section 47140(a) of title 49, United States Code, 
as so redesignated, is amended by striking ``airport.'' and inserting ``airport, 
and to reimburse the airport sponsor for the costs incurred in conducting the 
assessment.''.
    (b) Safety Priority.--Section 47140(b)(2) of title 49, United States Code, 
as so redesignated, is amended by inserting ``, including a certification that 
no safety projects are being be deferred by requesting a grant under this 
section,'' after ``an application''.

SEC. 172. AUTHORIZATION OF CERTAIN FLIGHTS BY STAGE 2 AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding chapter 475 of title 49, United States 
Code, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall initiate a pilot 
program to permit an operator of a stage 2 aircraft to operate that aircraft in 
nonrevenue service into not more than 4 medium hub airports or nonhub airports 
if--
            (1) the airport--
                    (A) is certified under part 139 of title 14, Code of Federal 
                Regulations;
                    (B) has a runway that--
                            (i) is longer than 8,000 feet and not less than 200 
                        feet wide; and
                            (ii) is load bearing with a pavement classification 
                        number of not less than 38; and
                    (C) has a maintenance facility with a maintenance 
                certificate issued under part 145 of such title; and
            (2) the operator of the stage 2 aircraft operates not more than 10 
        flights per month using that aircraft.
    (b) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the earlier of--
            (1) the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of 
        this Act; or
            (2) the date on which the Administrator determines that no stage 2 
        aircraft remain in service.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Medium hub airport; nonhub airport.--The terms ``medium hub 
        airport'' and ``nonhub airport'' have the meanings given those terms in 
        section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Stage 2 aircraft.--The term ``stage 2 aircraft'' has the meaning 
        given the term ``stage 2 airplane'' in section 91.851 of title 14, Code 
        of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the day before the date of the 
        enactment of this Act).

SEC. 173. ALTERNATIVE AIRPLANE NOISE METRIC EVALUATION DEADLINE.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete the ongoing 
evaluation of alternative metrics to the current Day Night Level (DNL) 65 
standard.

SEC. 174. UPDATING AIRPORT NOISE EXPOSURE MAPS.

    Section 47503(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(b) Revised Maps.--
            ``(1) In general.--An airport operator that submits a noise exposure 
        map under subsection (a) shall submit a revised map to the Secretary if, 
        in an area surrounding an airport, a change in the operation of the 
        airport would establish a substantial new noncompatible use, or would 
        significantly reduce noise over existing noncompatible uses, that is not 
        reflected in either the existing conditions map or forecast map 
        currently on file with the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Timing.--A submission under paragraph (1) shall be required 
        only if the relevant change in the operation of the airport occurs 
        during--
                    ``(A) the forecast period of the applicable noise exposure 
                map submitted by an airport operator under subsection (a); or
                    ``(B) the implementation period of the airport operator's 
                noise compatibility program.''.

SEC. 175. ADDRESSING COMMUNITY NOISE CONCERNS.

    When proposing a new area navigation departure procedure, or amending an 
existing procedure that would direct aircraft between the surface and 6,000 feet 
above ground level over noise sensitive areas, the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration shall consider the feasibility of dispersal headings or 
other lateral track variations to address community noise concerns, if--
            (1) the affected airport operator, in consultation with the affected 
        community, submits a request to the Administrator for such a 
        consideration;
            (2) the airport operator's request would not, in the judgment of the 
        Administrator, conflict with the safe and efficient operation of the 
        national airspace system; and
            (3) the effect of a modified departure procedure would not 
        significantly increase noise over noise sensitive areas, as determined 
        by the Administrator.

SEC. 176. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN FAA NEXTGEN PROJECTS LOCATED IN METROPLEXES.

    (a) Community Involvement Policy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall complete a review of the Federal Aviation Administration's community 
involvement practices for Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) 
projects located in metroplexes identified by the Administration. The review 
shall include, at a minimum, a determination of how and when to engage airports 
and communities in performance-based navigation proposals.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after completion of the review, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
on--
            (1) how the Administration will improve community involvement 
        practices for NextGen projects located in metroplexes;
            (2) how and when the Administration will engage airports and 
        communities in performance-based navigation proposals; and
            (3) lessons learned from NextGen projects and pilot programs and how 
        those lessons learned are being integrated into community involvement 
        practices for future NextGen projects located in metroplexes.

SEC. 177. LEAD EMISSIONS.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into appropriate 
arrangements with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 
under which the National Research Council will study aviation gasoline.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include an assessment of--
            (1) existing non-leaded fuel alternatives to the aviation gasoline 
        used by piston-powered general aviation aircraft;
            (2) ambient lead concentrations at and around airports where piston-
        powered general aviation aircraft are used; and
            (3) mitigation measures to reduce ambient lead concentrations, 
        including increasing the size of run-up areas, relocating run-up areas, 
        imposing restrictions on aircraft using aviation gasoline, and 
        increasing the use of motor gasoline in piston-powered general aviation 
        aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress the study developed by the National Research Council pursuant to this 
section.

SEC. 178. TERMINAL SEQUENCING AND SPACING.

    Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall provide a briefing to 
the appropriate committees of Congress on the status of Terminal Sequencing and 
Spacing (TSAS) implementation across all completed NextGen metroplexes with 
specific information provided by airline regarding the adoption and equipping of 
aircraft and the training of pilots in its use.

SEC. 179. AIRPORT NOISE MITIGATION AND SAFETY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall initiate a study 
to review and evaluate existing studies and analyses of the relationship between 
jet aircraft approach and takeoff speeds and corresponding noise impacts on 
communities surrounding airports.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the study initiated under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall determine--
            (1) whether a decrease in jet aircraft approach or takeoff speeds 
        results in significant aircraft noise reductions;
            (2) whether the jet aircraft approach or takeoff speed reduction 
        necessary to achieve significant noise reductions--
                    (A) jeopardizes aviation safety; or
                    (B) decreases the efficiency of the National Airspace 
                System, including lowering airport capacity, increasing travel 
                times, or increasing fuel burn;
            (3) the advisability of using jet aircraft approach or takeoff 
        speeds as a noise mitigation technique; and
            (4) if the Administrator determines that using jet aircraft approach 
        or takeoff speeds as a noise mitigation technique is advisable, whether 
        any of the metropolitan areas specifically identified in section 
        189(b)(2) would benefit from such a noise mitigation technique without a 
        significant impact to aviation safety or the efficiency of the National 
        Airspace System.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the study initiated under subsection (a).

SEC. 180. REGIONAL OMBUDSMEN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, with respect to each region of the Federal Aviation Administration, the 
Regional Administrator for that region shall designate an individual to be the 
Regional Ombudsman for the region.
    (b) Requirements.--Each Regional Ombudsman shall--
            (1) serve as a regional liaison with the public, including community 
        groups, on issues regarding aircraft noise, pollution, and safety;
            (2) make recommendations to the Administrator for the region to 
        address concerns raised by the public and improve the consideration of 
        public comments in decision-making processes; and
            (3) be consulted on proposed changes in aircraft operations 
        affecting the region, including arrival and departure routes, in order 
        to minimize environmental impacts, including noise.

SEC. 181. FAA LEADERSHIP ON CIVIL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall exercise leadership in the creation of Federal and international policies, 
regulations, and standards relating to the certification and safe and efficient 
operation of civil supersonic aircraft.
    (b) Exercise of Leadership.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the needs of the aerospace industry and other 
        stakeholders when creating policies, regulations, and standards that 
        enable the safe commercial deployment of civil supersonic aircraft 
        technology and the safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic 
        aircraft; and
            (2) obtain the input of aerospace industry stakeholders regarding--
                    (A) the appropriate regulatory framework and timeline for 
                permitting the safe and efficient operation of civil supersonic 
                aircraft within United States airspace, including updating or 
                modifying existing regulations on such operation;
                    (B) issues related to standards and regulations for the type 
                certification and safe operation of civil supersonic aircraft, 
                including noise certification, including--
                            (i) the operational differences between subsonic 
                        aircraft and supersonic aircraft;
                            (ii) costs and benefits associated with landing and 
                        takeoff noise requirements for civil supersonic 
                        aircraft, including impacts on aircraft emissions;
                            (iii) public and economic benefits of the operation 
                        of civil supersonic aircraft and associated aerospace 
                        industry activity; and
                            (iv) challenges relating to ensuring that standards 
                        and regulations aimed at relieving and protecting the 
                        public health and welfare from aircraft noise and sonic 
                        booms are economically reasonable, technologically 
                        practicable, and appropriate for civil supersonic 
                        aircraft; and
                    (C) other issues identified by the Administrator or the 
                aerospace industry that must be addressed to enable the safe 
                commercial deployment and safe and efficient operation of civil 
                supersonic aircraft.
    (c) International Leadership.--The Administrator, in the appropriate 
international forums, shall take actions that--
            (1) demonstrate global leadership under subsection (a);
            (2) address the needs of the aerospace industry identified under 
        subsection (b); and
            (3) protect the public health and welfare.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the Administrator's actions to exercise leadership in the 
        creation of Federal and international policies, regulations, and 
        standards relating to the certification and safe and efficient operation 
        of civil supersonic aircraft;
            (2) planned, proposed, and anticipated actions to update or modify 
        existing policies and regulations related to civil supersonic aircraft, 
        including those identified as a result of industry consultation and 
        feedback; and
            (3) a timeline for any actions to be taken to update or modify 
        existing policies and regulations related to civil supersonic aircraft.
    (e) Long-term Regulatory Reform.--
            (1) Noise standards.--Not later than March 31, 2020, the 
        Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to revise part 
        36 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to include supersonic 
        aircraft in the applicability of such part. The proposed rule shall 
        include necessary definitions, noise standards for landing and takeoff, 
        and noise test requirements that would apply to a civil supersonic 
        aircraft.
            (2) Special flight authorizations.--Not later than December 31, 
        2019, the Administrator shall issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to 
        revise appendix B of part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, 
        to modernize the application process for a person applying to operate a 
        civil aircraft at supersonic speeds for the purposes stated in that 
        rule.
    (f) Near-Term Certification of Supersonic Civil Aircraft.--
            (1) In general.--If a person submits an application requesting type 
        certification of a civil supersonic aircraft pursuant to part 21 of 
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, before the Administrator 
        promulgates a final rule amending part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, in accordance with subsection (e)(1), the Administrator 
        shall, not later than 18 months after having received such application, 
        issue a notice of proposed rulemaking applicable solely for the type 
        certification, inclusive of the aircraft engines, of the supersonic 
        aircraft design for which such application was made.
            (2) Contents.--A notice of proposed rulemaking described in 
        paragraph (1) shall--
                    (A) address safe operation of the aircraft type, including 
                development and flight testing prior to type certification;
                    (B) address manufacturing of the aircraft;
                    (C) address continuing airworthiness of the aircraft;
                    (D) specify landing and takeoff noise standards for that 
                aircraft type that the Administrator considers appropriate, 
                practicable, and consistent with section 44715 of title 49, 
                United States Code; and
                    (E) consider differences between subsonic and supersonic 
                aircraft including differences in thrust requirements at 
                equivalent gross weight, engine requirements, aerodynamic 
                characteristics, operational characteristics, and other physical 
                properties.
            (3) Noise and performance data.--The requirement of the 
        Administrator to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph 
        (1) shall apply only if an application contains sufficient aircraft 
        noise and performance data as the Administrator finds necessary to 
        determine appropriate noise standards and operating limitations for the 
        aircraft type consistent with section 44715 of title 49, United States 
        Code.
            (4) Final rule.--Not later than 18 months after the end of the 
        public comment period provided in the notice of proposed rulemaking 
        required under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall publish in the 
        Federal Register a final rule applying solely to the aircraft model 
        submitted for type certification.
            (5) Review of rules of civil supersonic flights.--Beginning December 
        31, 2020, and every 2 years thereafter, the Administrator shall review 
        available aircraft noise and performance data, and consult with heads of 
        appropriate Federal agencies, to determine whether section 91.817 of 
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and Appendix B of part 91 of 
        title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, may be amended, consistent with 
        section 44715 of title 49, United States Code, to permit supersonic 
        flight of civil aircraft over land in the United States.
            (6) Implementation of noise standards.--The portion of the 
        regulation issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration titled ``Revision of General Operating and Flight Rules'' 
        and published in the Federal Register on August 18, 1989 (54 Fed. Reg. 
        34284) that restricts operation of civil aircraft at a true flight Mach 
        number greater than 1 shall have no force or effect beginning on the 
        date on which the Administrator publishes in the Federal Register a 
        final rule specifying sonic boom noise standards for civil supersonic 
        aircraft.

SEC. 182. MANDATORY USE OF THE NEW YORK NORTH SHORE HELICOPTER ROUTE.

    (a) Public Comment Period.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration shall provide notice of, and an opportunity for, at least 
        60 days of public comment with respect to the regulations in subpart H 
        of part 93 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Timing.--The public comment period required under paragraph (1) 
        shall begin not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this 
        Act.
    (b) Public Hearing.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall hold a public hearing in the communities 
impacted by the regulations described in subsection (a)(1) to solicit feedback 
with respect to the regulations.
    (c) Review.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall initiate a review of the regulations described in 
subsection (a)(1) that assesses the--
            (1) noise impacts of the regulations for communities, including 
        communities in locations where aircraft are transitioning to or from a 
        destination or point of landing;
            (2) enforcement of applicable flight standards, including 
        requirements for helicopters operating on the relevant route to remain 
        at or above 2,500 feet mean sea level; and
            (3) availability of alternative or supplemental routes to reduce the 
        noise impacts of the regulations, including the institution of an all 
        water route over the Atlantic Ocean.

SEC. 183. STATE STANDARDS FOR AIRPORT PAVEMENTS.

    Section 47105(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The Secretary'' the 
        first place it appears; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Pavement standards.--
                    ``(A) Technical assistance.--At the request of a State, the 
                Secretary shall, not later than 30 days after the date of the 
                request, provide technical assistance to the State in developing 
                standards, acceptable to the Secretary under subparagraph (B), 
                for pavement on nonprimary public-use airports in the State.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) continue to provide technical assistance under 
                        subparagraph (A) until the standards are approved under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) clearly indicate to the State the standards 
                        that are acceptable to the Secretary, considering, at a 
                        minimum, local conditions and locally available 
                        materials.''.

SEC. 184. ELIGIBILITY OF PILOT PROGRAM AIRPORTS.

    (a) Discretionary Fund.--Section 47115 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Partnership Program Airports.--
            ``(1) Authority.--The Secretary may make grants with funds made 
        available under this section for an airport participating in the program 
        under section 47134 if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary has approved the application of an 
                airport sponsor under section 47134(b) in fiscal year 2019; and
                    ``(B) the grant will--
                            ``(i) satisfy an obligation incurred by an airport 
                        sponsor under section 47110(e) or funded by a nonpublic 
                        sponsor for an airport development project on the 
                        airport; or
                            ``(ii) provide partial Federal reimbursement for 
                        airport development (as defined in section 47102) on the 
                        airport layout plan initiated in the fiscal year in 
                        which the application was approved, or later, for over a 
                        period of not more than 10 years.
            ``(2) Nonapplicability of certain sections.--Grants made under this 
        subsection shall not be subject to--
                    ``(A) subsection (c) of this section;
                    ``(B) section 47117(e); or
                    ``(C) any other apportionment formula, special apportionment 
                category, or minimum percentage set forth in this chapter.''.
    (b) Allowable Project Costs; Letters of Intent.--Section 47110(e) of such 
title is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(7) Partnership Program Airports.--The Secretary may issue a letter of 
intent under this section to an airport sponsor with an approved application 
under section 47134(b) if--
            ``(A) the application was approved in fiscal year 2019; and
            ``(B) the project meets all other requirements set forth in this 
        chapter.''.

SEC. 185. GRANDFATHERING OF CERTAIN DEED AGREEMENTS GRANTING THROUGH-THE-FENCE 
              ACCESS TO GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.

    Section 47107(s) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(3) Exemption.--The terms and conditions of paragraph (2) shall 
        not apply to an agreement described in paragraph (1) made before the 
        enactment of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 
        112-95) that the Secretary determines does not comply with such terms 
        and conditions but involves property that is subject to deed or lease 
        restrictions that are considered perpetual and that cannot readily be 
        brought into compliance. However, if the Secretary determines that the 
        airport sponsor and residential property owners are able to make any 
        modification to such an agreement on or after the date of enactment of 
        this paragraph, the exemption provided by this paragraph shall no longer 
        apply.''.

SEC. 186. STAGE 3 AIRCRAFT STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a review of the 
potential benefits, costs, and other impacts that would result from a phaseout 
of covered stage 3 aircraft.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include--
            (1) a determination of the number, types, frequency of operations, 
        and owners and operators of covered stage 3 aircraft;
            (2) an analysis of the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts 
        to air carriers, general aviation operators, airports, communities 
        surrounding airports, and the general public associated with phasing out 
        or reducing the operations of covered stage 3 aircraft, assuming such a 
        phaseout or reduction is put into effect over a reasonable period of 
        time;
            (3) a determination of lessons learned from the phaseout of stage 2 
        aircraft that might be applicable to a phaseout or reduction in the 
        operations of covered stage 3 aircraft, including comparisons between 
        the benefits, costs, and other impacts associated with the phaseout of 
        stage 2 aircraft and the potential benefits, costs, and other impacts 
        determined under paragraph (2);
            (4) a determination of the costs and logistical challenges 
        associated with recertifying stage 3 aircraft capable of meeting stage 4 
        noise levels; and
            (5) a determination of stakeholder views on the feasibility and 
        desirability of phasing out covered stage 3 aircraft, including the 
        views of--
                    (A) air carriers;
                    (B) airports;
                    (C) communities surrounding airports;
                    (D) aircraft and avionics manufacturers;
                    (E) operators of covered stage 3 aircraft other than air 
                carriers; and
                    (F) such other stakeholders and aviation experts as the 
                Comptroller General considers appropriate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Stage 3 Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
stage 3 aircraft'' means a civil subsonic jet aircraft that is not capable of 
meeting the stage 4 noise levels in part 36 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations.

SEC. 187. AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall 
conclude the Administrator's ongoing review of the relationship between aircraft 
noise exposure and its effects on communities around airports.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report 
        containing the results of the review.
            (2) Preliminary recommendations.--The report shall contain such 
        preliminary recommendations as the Administrator determines appropriate 
        for revising the land use compatibility guidelines in part 150 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations, based on the results of the review and 
        in coordination with other agencies.

SEC. 188. STUDY REGARDING DAY-NIGHT AVERAGE SOUND LEVELS.

    (a) Study.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall 
evaluate alternative metrics to the current average day-night level standard, 
such as the use of actual noise sampling and other methods, to address community 
airplane noise concerns.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the study under subsection (a).

SEC. 189. STUDY ON POTENTIAL HEALTH AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF OVERFLIGHT NOISE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall enter into 
an agreement with an eligible institution of higher education to conduct a study 
on the health impacts of noise from aircraft flights on residents exposed to a 
range of noise levels from such flights.
    (b) Scope of Study.--The study conducted under subsection (a) shall--
            (1) include an examination of the incremental health impacts 
        attributable to noise exposure that result from aircraft flights, 
        including sleep disturbance and elevated blood pressure;
            (2) be focused on residents in the metropolitan area of--
                    (A) Boston;
                    (B) Chicago;
                    (C) the District of Columbia;
                    (D) New York;
                    (E) the Northern California Metroplex;
                    (F) Phoenix;
                    (G) the Southern California Metroplex;
                    (H) Seattle; or
                    (I) such other area as may be identified by the 
                Administrator;
            (3) consider, in particular, the incremental health impacts on 
        residents living partly or wholly underneath flight paths most 
        frequently used by aircraft flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 
        feet, including during takeoff or landing;
            (4) include an assessment of the relationship between a perceived 
        increase in aircraft noise, including as a result of a change in flight 
        paths that increases the visibility of aircraft from a certain location, 
        and an actual increase in aircraft noise, particularly in areas with 
        high or variable levels of nonaircraft-related ambient noise; and
            (5) consider the economic harm or benefits to businesses located 
        party or wholly underneath flight paths most frequently used by aircraft 
        flying at an altitude lower than 10,000 feet, including during takeoff 
        or landing.
    (c) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education is eligible to conduct 
the study if the institution--
            (1) has--
                    (A) a school of public health that has participated in the 
                Center of Excellence for Aircraft Noise and Aviation Emissions 
                Mitigation of the Federal Aviation Administration; or
                    (B) a center for environmental health that receives funding 
                from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences;
            (2) is located in one of the areas identified in subsection (b);
            (3) applies to the Administrator in a timely fashion;
            (4) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that the 
        institution is qualified to conduct the study;
            (5) agrees to submit to the Administrator, not later than 3 years 
        after entering into an agreement under subsection (a), the results of 
        the study, including any source materials used; and
            (6) meets such other requirements as the Administrator determines 
        necessary.
    (d) Submission of Study.--Not later than 90 days after the Administrator 
receives the results of the study, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress the study and a summary of the results.

SEC. 190. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may carry out a pilot 
program involving not more than 6 projects at public-use airports in accordance 
with this section.
    (b) Grants.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary may make grants to 
sponsors of public-use airports from funds apportioned under section 
47117(e)(1)(A) of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Amounts from a grant received by the sponsor of a public-
use airport under the program shall be used for environmental mitigation 
projects that will measurably reduce or mitigate aviation impacts on noise, air 
quality, or water quality at the airport or within 5 miles of the airport.
    (d) Eligibility.--Notwithstanding any other provision of chapter 471 of 
title 49, United States Code, an environmental mitigation project approved under 
this section shall be treated as eligible for assistance under that chapter.
    (e) Selection Criteria.--In selecting from among applicants for 
participation in the program, the Secretary may give priority consideration to 
projects that--
            (1) will achieve the greatest reductions in aircraft noise, airport 
        emissions, or airport water quality impacts either on an absolute basis 
        or on a per dollar of funds expended basis; and
            (2) will be implemented by an eligible consortium.
    (f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out 
under the program shall be 50 percent.
    (g) Maximum Amount.--Not more than $2,500,000 may be made available by the 
Secretary in grants under the program for any single project.
    (h) Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may establish and publish 
information identifying best practices for reducing or mitigating aviation 
impacts on noise, air quality, and water quality at airports or in the vicinity 
of airports based on the projects carried out under the program.
    (i) Sunset.--The program shall terminate 5 years after the Secretary makes 
the first grant under the program.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Eligible consortium.--The term ``eligible consortium'' means a 
        consortium that is composed of 2 or more of the following entities:
                    (A) Businesses incorporated in the United States.
                    (B) Public or private educational or research organizations 
                located in the United States.
                    (C) Entities of State or local governments in the United 
                States.
                    (D) Federal laboratories.
            (2) Environmental mitigation project.--The term ``environmental 
        mitigation project'' means a project that--
                    (A) introduces new environmental mitigation techniques or 
                technologies that have been proven in laboratory demonstrations;
                    (B) proposes methods for efficient adaptation or integration 
                of new concepts into airport operations; and
                    (C) will demonstrate whether new techniques or technologies 
                for environmental mitigation are--
                            (i) practical to implement at or near multiple 
                        public-use airports; and
                            (ii) capable of reducing noise, airport emissions, 
                        or water quality impacts in measurably significant 
                        amounts.
    (k) Authorization for the Transfer of Funds From Department of Defense.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration may accept funds from the Secretary of Defense to 
        increase the authorized funding for this section by the amount of such 
        transfer only to carry out projects designed for environmental 
        mitigation at a site previously, but not currently, managed by the 
        Department of Defense.
            (2) Additional grantees.--If additional funds are made available by 
        the Secretary of Defense under paragraph (1), the Administrator may 
        increase the number of grantees under subsection (a).

SEC. 191. EXTENDING AVIATION DEVELOPMENT STREAMLINING.

    (a) In General.--Section 47171 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
        inserting ``general aviation airport construction or improvement 
        projects,'' after ``congested airports,'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
        project.--A general aviation airport construction or improvement project 
        shall be subject to the coordinated and expedited environmental review 
        process requirements set forth in this section.'';
            (3) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (4) in subsection (d), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)'';
            (5) in subsection (h), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''; and
            (6) in subsection (k), by striking ``subsection (b)(2)'' and 
        inserting ``subsection (b)(3)''.
    (b) Definitions.--Section 47175 of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) General aviation airport construction or improvement 
        project.--The term `general aviation airport construction or improvement 
        project' means--
                    ``(A) a project for the construction or extension of a 
                runway, including any land acquisition, helipad, taxiway, safety 
                area, apron, or navigational aids associated with the runway or 
                runway extension, at a general aviation airport, a reliever 
                airport, or a commercial service airport that is not a primary 
                airport (as such terms are defined in section 47102); and
                    ``(B) any other airport development project that the 
                Secretary designates as facilitating aviation capacity building 
                projects at a general aviation airport.''.

SEC. 192. ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLES AND TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Section 47136 of title 49, United States Code, as so 
redesignated, is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a pilot 
program under which the sponsors of public-use airports may use funds made 
available under this chapter or section 48103 for use at such airports to carry 
out--
            ``(1) activities associated with the acquisition, by purchase or 
        lease, and operation of eligible zero-emission vehicles and equipment, 
        including removable power sources for such vehicles; and
            ``(2) the construction or modification of infrastructure to 
        facilitate the delivery of fuel, power or services necessary for the use 
        of such vehicles.
    ``(b) Eligibility.--A public-use airport is eligible for participation in 
the program if the eligible vehicles or equipment are--
            ``(1) used exclusively on airport property; or
            ``(2) used exclusively to transport passengers and employees between 
        the airport and--
                    ``(A) nearby facilities which are owned or controlled by the 
                airport or which otherwise directly support the functions or 
                services provided by the airport; or
                    ``(B) an intermodal surface transportation facility adjacent 
                to the airport.'';
            (2) by striking subsections (d) through (f) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(d) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project carried out 
under the program shall be the Federal share specified in section 47109.
    ``(e) Technical Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The sponsor of a public-use airport may use not 
        more than 10 percent of the amounts made available to the sponsor under 
        the program in any fiscal year for--
                    ``(A) technical assistance; and
                    ``(B) project management support to assist the airport with 
                the solicitation, acquisition, and deployment of zero-emission 
                vehicles, related equipment, and supporting infrastructure.
            ``(2) Providers of technical assistance.--To receive the technical 
        assistance or project management support described in paragraph (1), 
        participants in the program may use--
                    ``(A) a nonprofit organization selected by the Secretary; or
                    ``(B) a university transportation center receiving grants 
                under section 5505 in the region of the airport.
    ``(f) Materials Identifying Best Practices.--The Secretary may create and 
make available materials identifying best practices for carrying out activities 
funded under the program based on previous related projects and other sources.
    ``(g) Allowable Project Cost.--The allowable project cost for the 
acquisition of a zero-emission vehicle shall be the total cost of purchasing or 
leasing the vehicle, including the cost of technical assistance or project 
management support described in subsection (e).
    ``(h) Flexible Procurement.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may use funds 
made available under the program to acquire, by purchase or lease, a zero-
emission vehicle and a removable power source in separate transactions, 
including transactions by which the airport purchases the vehicle and leases the 
removable power source.
    ``(i) Testing Required.--
            ``(1) In general.--A sponsor of a public-use airport may not use 
        funds made available under the program to acquire a zero-emission 
        vehicle unless that make, model, or type of vehicle has been tested by a 
        Federal vehicle testing facility acceptable to the Secretary.
            ``(2) Penalties for false statements.--A certification of compliance 
        under paragraph (1) shall be considered a certification required under 
        this subchapter for purposes of section 47126.
    ``(j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment.--The term 
        `eligible zero-emission vehicle and equipment' means a zero-emission 
        vehicle, equipment related to such a vehicle, or ground support 
        equipment that includes zero-emission technology that is--
                    ``(A) used exclusively on airport property; or
                    ``(B) used exclusively to transport passengers and employees 
                between the airport and--
                            ``(i) nearby facilities which are owned or 
                        controlled by the airport or which otherwise directly 
                        support the functions or services provided by the 
                        airport; or
                            ``(ii) an intermodal surface transportation facility 
                        adjacent to the airport.
            ``(2) Removable power source.--The term `removable power source' 
        means a power source that is separately installed in, and removable 
        from, a zero-emission vehicle and may include a battery, a fuel cell, an 
        ultra-capacitor, or other power source used in a zero-emission vehicle.
            ``(3) Zero-emission vehicle.--The term `zero-emission vehicle' 
        means--
                    ``(A) a zero-emission vehicle as defined in section 88.102-
                94 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                    ``(B) a vehicle that produces zero exhaust emissions of any 
                criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any possible 
                operational modes and conditions.''.
    (b) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(A) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ``for airport development described 
in section 47102(3)(Q),'' after ``under section 47141,''.
    (c) Deployment of Zero Emission Vehicle Technology.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a 
        zero-emission airport technology program--
                    (A) to facilitate the deployment of commercially viable 
                zero-emission airport vehicles, technology, and related 
                infrastructure; and
                    (B) to minimize the risk of deploying such vehicles, 
                technology, and infrastructure.
            (2) General authority.--
                    (A) Assistance to nonprofit organizations.--The Secretary 
                may provide assistance under the program to not more than 3 
                geographically diverse, eligible organizations to conduct zero-
                emission airport technology and infrastructure projects.
                    (B) Forms of assistance.--The Secretary may provide 
                assistance under the program in the form of grants, contracts, 
                and cooperative agreements.
            (3) Selection of participants.--
                    (A) National solicitation.--In selecting participants, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            (i) conduct a national solicitation for applications 
                        for assistance under the program; and
                            (ii) select the recipients of assistance under the 
                        program on a competitive basis.
                    (B) Considerations.--In selecting from among applicants for 
                assistance under the program, the Secretary shall consider--
                            (i) the ability of an applicant to contribute 
                        significantly to deploying zero-emission technology as 
                        the technology relates to airport operations;
                            (ii) the financing plan and cost-share potential of 
                        the applicant; and
                            (iii) other factors, as the Secretary determines 
                        appropriate.
                    (C) Priority.--ln selecting from among applicants for 
                assistance under the program, the Secretary shall give priority 
                consideration to an applicant that has successfully managed 
                advanced transportation technology projects, including projects 
                related to zero-emission transportation operations.
            (4) Eligible projects.--A recipient of assistance under the program 
        shall use the assistance--
                    (A) to review and conduct demonstrations of zero-emission 
                technologies and related infrastructure at airports;
                    (B) to evaluate the credibility of new, unproven vehicle and 
                energy-efficient technologies in various aspects of airport 
                operations prior to widespread investment in the technologies by 
                airports and the aviation industry;
                    (C) to collect data and make the recipient's findings 
                available to airports, so that airports can evaluate the 
                applicability of new technologies to their facilities; and
                    (D) to report the recipient's findings to the Secretary.
            (5) Administrative provisions.--
                    (A) Federal share.--The Federal share of the cost of a 
                project carried out under the program may not exceed 80 percent.
                    (B) Terms and conditions.--A grant, contract, or cooperative 
                agreement under this section shall be subject to such terms and 
                conditions as the Secretary determines appropriate.
            (6) Definitions.--In this subsection, the following definitions 
        apply:
                    (A) Eligible organization.--The term ``eligible 
                organization'' means an organization that has expertise in zero-
                emission technology.
                    (B) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means--
                            (i) described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
                        Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 
                        501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;
                            (ii) a university transportation center receiving 
                        grants under section 5505 of title 49, United States 
                        Code; or
                            (iii) any other Federal or non-Federal entity as the 
                        Secretary considers appropriate.

                    TITLE II--FAA SAFETY CERTIFICATION REFORM

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) Advisory committee.--The term ``Advisory Committee'' means the 
        Safety Oversight and Certification Advisory Committee established under 
        section 202.
            (3) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        Transportation.
            (5) Systems safety approach.--The term ``systems safety approach'' 
        means the application of specialized technical and managerial skills to 
        the systematic, forward-looking identification and control of hazards 
        throughout the lifecycle of a project, program, or activity.

SEC. 202. SAFETY OVERSIGHT AND CERTIFICATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall establish a Safety Oversight and Certification 
Advisory Committee.
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall provide advice to the Secretary on 
policy-level issues facing the aviation community that are related to FAA safety 
oversight and certification programs and activities, including, at a minimum, 
the following:
            (1) Aircraft and flight standards certification processes, including 
        efforts to streamline those processes.
            (2) Implementation and oversight of safety management systems.
            (3) Risk-based oversight efforts.
            (4) Utilization of delegation and designation authorities, including 
        organization designation authorization.
            (5) Regulatory interpretation standardization efforts.
            (6) Training programs.
            (7) Expediting the rulemaking process and giving priority to rules 
        related to safety.
            (8) Enhancing global competitiveness of United States manufactured 
        and United States certificated aerospace and aviation products and 
        services throughout the world.
    (c) Functions.--In carrying out its duties under subsection (b), the 
Advisory Committee shall:
            (1) Foster industry collaboration in an open and transparent manner.
            (2) Consult with, and ensure participation by--
                    (A) the private sector, including representatives of--
                            (i) general aviation;
                            (ii) commercial aviation;
                            (iii) aviation labor;
                            (iv) aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul;
                            (v) aviation, aerospace, and avionics manufacturing;
                            (vi) unmanned aircraft systems operators and 
                        manufacturers; and
                            (vii) the commercial space transportation industry;
                    (B) members of the public; and
                    (C) other interested parties.
            (3) Recommend consensus national goals, strategic objectives, and 
        priorities for the most efficient, streamlined, and cost-effective 
        certification and safety oversight processes in order to maintain the 
        safety of the aviation system and, at the same time, allow the FAA to 
        meet future needs and ensure that aviation stakeholders remain 
        competitive in the global marketplace.
            (4) Provide policy guidance recommendations for the FAA's 
        certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (5) On a regular basis, review and provide recommendations on the 
        FAA's certification and safety oversight efforts.
            (6) Periodically review and evaluate registration, certification, 
        and related fees.
            (7) Provide appropriate legislative, regulatory, and guidance 
        recommendations for the air transportation system and the aviation 
        safety regulatory environment.
            (8) Recommend performance objectives for the FAA and industry.
            (9) Recommend performance metrics and goals to track and review the 
        FAA and the regulated aviation industry on their progress towards 
        streamlining certification reform, conducting flight standards reform, 
        and carrying out regulation consistency efforts.
            (10) Provide a venue for tracking progress toward national goals and 
        sustaining joint commitments.
            (11) Recommend recruiting, hiring, training, and continuing 
        education objectives for FAA aviation safety engineers and aviation 
        safety inspectors.
            (12) Provide advice and recommendations to the FAA on how to 
        prioritize safety rulemaking projects.
            (13) Improve the development of FAA regulations by providing 
        information, advice, and recommendations related to aviation issues.
            (14) Facilitate the validation and acceptance of United States 
        manufactured and United States certificated products and services 
        throughout the world.
    (d) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of the 
        following members:
                    (A) The Administrator (or the Administrator's designee).
                    (B) At least 11 individuals, appointed by the Secretary, 
                each of whom represents at least 1 of the following interests:
                            (i) Transport aircraft and engine manufacturers.
                            (ii) General aviation aircraft and engine 
                        manufacturers.
                            (iii) Avionics and equipment manufacturers.
                            (iv) Aviation labor organizations, including 
                        collective bargaining representatives of FAA aviation 
                        safety inspectors and aviation safety engineers.
                            (v) General aviation operators.
                            (vi) Air carriers.
                            (vii) Business aviation operators.
                            (viii) Unmanned aircraft systems manufacturers and 
                        operators.
                            (ix) Aviation safety management experts.
                            (x) Aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul.
                            (xi) Airport owners and operators.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--
                    (A) In general.--In addition to the members appointed under 
                paragraph (1), the Advisory Committee shall be composed of 
                nonvoting members appointed by the Secretary from among 
                individuals representing FAA safety oversight program offices.
                    (B) Duties.--The nonvoting members may--
                            (i) take part in deliberations of the Advisory 
                        Committee; and
                            (ii) provide input with respect to any final reports 
                        or recommendations of the Advisory Committee.
                    (C) Limitation.--The nonvoting members may not represent any 
                stakeholder interest other than that of an FAA safety oversight 
                program office.
            (3) Terms.--Each voting member and nonvoting member of the Advisory 
        Committee appointed by the Secretary shall be appointed for a term of 2 
        years.
            (4) Committee characteristics.--The Advisory Committee shall have 
        the following characteristics:
                    (A) Each voting member under paragraph (1)(B) shall be an 
                executive officer of the organization who has decisionmaking 
                authority within the member's organization and can represent and 
                enter into commitments on behalf of such organization.
                    (B) The ability to obtain necessary information from experts 
                in the aviation and aerospace communities.
                    (C) A membership size that enables the Advisory Committee to 
                have substantive discussions and reach consensus on issues in a 
                timely manner.
                    (D) Appropriate expertise, including expertise in 
                certification and risked-based safety oversight processes, 
                operations, policy, technology, labor relations, training, and 
                finance.
            (5) Limitation on statutory construction.--Public Law 104-65 (2 
        U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) may not be construed to prohibit or otherwise limit 
        the appointment of any individual as a member of the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Chairperson.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Advisory Committee shall be 
        appointed by the Secretary from among those members of the Advisory 
        Committee that are voting members under subsection (d)(1)(B).
            (2) Term.--Each member appointed under paragraph (1) shall serve a 
        term of 2 years as Chairperson.
    (f) Meetings.--
            (1) Frequency.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at least twice 
        each year at the call of the Chairperson.
            (2) Public attendance.--The meetings of the Advisory Committee shall 
        be open and accessible to the public.
    (g) Special Committees.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Advisory Committee may establish special 
        committees composed of private sector representatives, members of the 
        public, labor representatives, and other relevant parties in complying 
        with consultation and participation requirements under this section.
            (2) Rulemaking advice.--A special committee established by the 
        Advisory Committee may--
                    (A) provide rulemaking advice and recommendations to the 
                Advisory Committee with respect to aviation-related issues;
                    (B) provide the FAA additional opportunities to obtain 
                firsthand information and insight from those parties that are 
                most affected by existing and proposed regulations; and
                    (C) assist in expediting the development, revision, or 
                elimination of rules without circumventing public rulemaking 
                processes and procedures.
            (3) Applicable law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to a special 
        committee established by the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Sunset.--The Advisory Committee shall terminate on the last day of the 
6-year period beginning on the date of the initial appointment of the members of 
the Advisory Committee.
    (i) Termination of Air Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee.--The Air 
Traffic Procedures Advisory Committee established by the FAA shall terminate on 
the date of the initial appointment of the members of the Advisory Committee.

                    Subtitle B--Aircraft Certification Reform

SEC. 211. AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which the 
Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the Administrator shall 
establish performance objectives and apply and track performance metrics for the 
FAA and the aviation industry relating to aircraft certification in accordance 
with this section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section in 
collaboration with the Advisory Committee and update agency performance 
objectives and metrics after considering the recommendations of the Advisory 
Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and the 
aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to aircraft certification, 
progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating certification delays and improving cycle times;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation 
        industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and designation 
        authorities, including organizational designation authorization;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems 
        safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) increasing transparency;
            (7) developing and providing training, including recurrent training, 
        in auditing and a systems safety approach to certification oversight;
            (8) improving the process for approving or accepting certification 
        actions between the FAA and bilateral partners;
            (9) maintaining and improving safety;
            (10) streamlining the hiring process for--
                    (A) qualified systems safety engineers to support the FAA's 
                efforts to implement a systems safety approach; and
                    (B) qualified systems engineers to guide the engineering of 
                complex systems within the FAA; and
            (11) maintaining the leadership of the United States in 
        international aviation and aerospace.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and the regulated aviation 
industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the 
        Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for the FAA 
        and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the Administrator 
        shall generate initial data with respect to each of the performance 
        metrics applied and tracked under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The Administrator 
        shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this section to generate 
        data on an ongoing basis and to measure progress toward the achievement 
        of national goals recommended by the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using the 
performance metrics applied and tracked under this section available to the 
public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable format through the internet 
website of the FAA or other appropriate methods and shall ensure that the data 
are made available in a manner that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an individual 
        or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary information.

SEC. 212. ORGANIZATION DESIGNATION AUTHORIZATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44736. Organization designation authorizations
    ``(a) Delegations of Functions.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), when 
        overseeing an ODA holder, the Administrator of the FAA shall--
                    ``(A) require, based on an application submitted by the ODA 
                holder and approved by the Administrator (or the Administrator's 
                designee), a procedures manual that addresses all procedures and 
                limitations regarding the functions to be performed by the ODA 
                holder;
                    ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the functions 
                to be performed as specified in the procedures manual, unless 
                the Administrator determines, after the date of the delegation 
                and as a result of an inspection or other investigation, that 
                the public interest and safety of air commerce requires a 
                limitation with respect to 1 or more of the functions;
                    ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting the 
                ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on 
                validated inspection findings; and
                    ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph 
                (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's 
                capability to execute that function safely and effectively and 
                return to full authority status.
            ``(2) Duties of oda holders.--An ODA holder shall--
                    ``(A) perform each specified function delegated to the ODA 
                holder in accordance with the approved procedures manual for the 
                delegation;
                    ``(B) make the procedures manual available to each member of 
                the appropriate ODA unit; and
                    ``(C) cooperate fully with oversight activities conducted by 
                the Administrator in connection with the delegation.
            ``(3) Existing oda holders.--With regard to an ODA holder operating 
        under a procedures manual approved by the Administrator before the date 
        of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator 
        shall--
                    ``(A) at the request of the ODA holder and in an expeditious 
                manner, approve revisions to the ODA holder's procedures manual;
                    ``(B) delegate fully to the ODA holder each of the functions 
                to be performed as specified in the procedures manual, unless 
                the Administrator determines, after the date of the delegation 
                and as a result of an inspection or other investigation, that 
                the public interest and safety of air commerce requires a 
                limitation with respect to one or more of the functions;
                    ``(C) conduct regular oversight activities by inspecting the 
                ODA holder's delegated functions and taking action based on 
                validated inspection findings; and
                    ``(D) for each function that is limited under subparagraph 
                (B), work with the ODA holder to develop the ODA holder's 
                capability to execute that function safely and effectively and 
                return to full authority status.
    ``(b) ODA Office.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Administrator of the FAA shall identify, 
        within the FAA Office of Aviation Safety, a centralized policy office to 
        be known as the Organization Designation Authorization Office or the ODA 
        Office.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of the ODA Office shall be to provide 
        oversight and ensure the consistency of the FAA's audit functions under 
        the ODA program across the FAA.
            ``(3) Functions.--The ODA Office shall--
                    ``(A)(i) at the request of an ODA holder, eliminate all 
                limitations specified in a procedures manual in place on the day 
                before the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 
                2018 that are low and medium risk as determined by a risk 
                analysis using criteria established by the ODA Office and 
                disclosed to the ODA holder, except where an ODA holder's 
                performance warrants the retention of a specific limitation due 
                to documented concerns about inadequate current performance in 
                carrying out that authorized function;
                    ``(ii) require an ODA holder to establish a corrective 
                action plan to regain authority for any retained limitations;
                    ``(iii) require an ODA holder to notify the ODA Office when 
                all corrective actions have been accomplished; and
                    ``(iv) make a reassessment to determine if subsequent 
                performance in carrying out any retained limitation warrants 
                continued retention and, if such reassessment determines 
                performance meets objectives, lift such limitation immediately;
                    ``(B) improve FAA and ODA holder performance and ensure full 
                utilization of the authorities delegated under the ODA program;
                    ``(C) develop a more consistent approach to audit 
                priorities, procedures, and training under the ODA program;
                    ``(D) review, in a timely fashion, a random sample of 
                limitations on delegated authorities under the ODA program to 
                determine if the limitations are appropriate;
                    ``(E) ensure national consistency in the interpretation and 
                application of the requirements of the ODA program, including 
                any limitations, and in the performance of the ODA program; and
                    ``(F) at the request of an ODA holder, review and approve 
                new limitations to ODA functions.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) FAA.--The term `FAA' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            ``(2) ODA holder.--The term `ODA holder' means an entity authorized 
        to perform functions pursuant to a delegation made by the Administrator 
        of the FAA under section 44702(d).
            ``(3) ODA unit.--The term ``ODA unit'' means a group of 2 or more 
        individuals who perform, under the supervision of an ODA holder, 
        authorized functions under an ODA.
            ``(4) Organization.--The term ``organization'' means a firm, 
        partnership, corporation, company, association, joint-stock association, 
        or governmental entity.
            ``(5) Organization designation authorization; oda.--The term 
        `Organization Designation Authorization' or `ODA' means an authorization 
        by the FAA under section 44702(d) for an organization composed of 1 or 
        more ODA units to perform approved functions on behalf of the FAA.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44736. Organization designation authorizations.''.

SEC. 213. ODA REVIEW.

    (a) Establishment of Expert Review Panel.--
            (1) Expert panel.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall convene a 
        multidisciplinary expert review panel (in this section referred to as 
        the ``Panel'').
            (2) Composition of panel.--
                    (A) Appointment of members.--The Panel shall be composed of 
                not more than 20 members appointed by the Administrator.
                    (B) Qualifications.--The members appointed to the Panel 
                shall--
                            (i) each have a minimum of 5 years of experience in 
                        processes and procedures under the ODA program; and
                            (ii) represent, at a minimum, ODA holders, aviation 
                        manufacturers, safety experts, and FAA labor 
                        organizations, including labor representatives of FAA 
                        aviation safety inspectors and aviation safety 
                        engineers.
    (b) Survey.--The Panel shall conduct a survey of ODA holders and ODA program 
applicants to document and assess FAA certification and oversight activities, 
including use of the ODA program and the timeliness and efficiency of the 
certification process. In carrying out this subsection, the Panel shall consult 
with appropriate survey experts to best design and conduct the survey.
    (c) Assessment and Recommendations.--The Panel shall assess and make 
recommendations concerning--
            (1) the FAA's processes and procedures under the ODA program and 
        whether the processes and procedures function as intended;
            (2) the best practices of and lessons learned by ODA holders and FAA 
        personnel who provide oversight of ODA holders;
            (3) performance incentive policies that--
                    (A) are related to the ODA program for FAA personnel; and
                    (B) do not conflict with the public interest;
            (4) training activities related to the ODA program for FAA personnel 
        and ODA holders;
            (5) the impact, if any, that oversight of the ODA program has on FAA 
        resources and the FAA's ability to process applications for 
        certifications outside of the ODA program; and
            (6) the results of the survey conducted under subsection (b).
    (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the Panel is convened 
under subsection (a), the Panel shall submit to the Administrator, the Advisory 
Committee, and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings 
and recommendations of the Panel.
    (e) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 44736 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act, apply to this section.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the Panel.
    (g) Sunset.--The Panel shall terminate on the date of submission of the 
report under subsection (d), or on the date that is 1 year after the Panel is 
convened under subsection (a), whichever occurs first.

SEC. 214. TYPE CERTIFICATION RESOLUTION PROCESS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44704(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Type certification resolution process.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 15 months after the date 
                of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the 
                Administrator shall establish an effective, timely, and 
                milestone-based issue resolution process for type certification 
                activities under this subsection.
                    ``(B) Process requirements.--The resolution process shall 
                provide for--
                            ``(i) resolution of technical issues at pre-
                        established stages of the certification process, as 
                        agreed to by the Administrator and the type certificate 
                        applicant;
                            ``(ii) automatic elevation to appropriate management 
                        personnel of the Federal Aviation Administration and the 
                        type certificate applicant of any major certification 
                        process milestone that is not completed or resolved 
                        within a specific period of time agreed to by the 
                        Administrator and the type certificate applicant; and
                            ``(iii) resolution of a major certification process 
                        milestone elevated pursuant to clause (ii) within a 
                        specific period of time agreed to by the Administrator 
                        and the type certificate applicant.
                    ``(C) Major certification process milestone defined.--In 
                this paragraph, the term `major certification process milestone' 
                means a milestone related to a type certification basis, type 
                certification plan, type inspection authorization, issue paper, 
                or other major type certification activity agreed to by the 
                Administrator and the type certificate applicant.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--Section 44704 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended in the section heading by striking ``airworthiness certificates,,'' and 
inserting ``airworthiness certificates,''.

SEC. 215. REVIEW OF CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR SMALL GENERAL AVIATION AIRPLANES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a review of the 
Federal Aviation Administration's implementation of the final rule titled 
``Revision of Airworthiness Standards for Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and 
Commuter Category Airplanes'' (81 Fed. Reg. 96572).
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller General 
shall assess--
            (1) how the rule puts into practice the Administration's efforts to 
        implement performance and risk-based safety standards;
            (2) the extent to which the rule has resulted in the implementation 
        of a streamlined regulatory regime to improve safety, reduce regulatory 
        burden, and decrease costs;
            (3) whether the rule and its implementation have spurred innovation 
        and technological adoption;
            (4) how consensus standards accepted by the FAA facilitate the 
        development of new safety equipment and aircraft capabilities; and
            (5) whether lessons learned from the rule and its implementation 
        have resulted in best practices that could be applied to airworthiness 
        standards for other categories of aircraft.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation of the 
review, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review, including findings and 
recommendations.

SEC. 216. ODA STAFFING AND OVERSIGHT.

    (a) Report to Congress.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the Administration's progress with respect to--
            (1) determining what additional model inputs and labor distribution 
        codes are needed to identify ODA oversight staffing needs;
            (2) developing and implementing system-based evaluation criteria and 
        risk-based tools to aid ODA team members in targeting their oversight 
        activities;
            (3) developing agreements and processes for sharing resources to 
        ensure adequate oversight of ODA personnel performing certification and 
        inspection work at supplier and company facilities; and
            (4) ensuring full utilization of ODA authority.
    (b) ODA Defined.--In this section, the term ``ODA'' has the meaning given 
that term in section 44736 of title 49, United States Code, as added by this 
Act.

                       Subtitle C--Flight Standards Reform

SEC. 221. FLIGHT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND METRICS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date on which the 
Advisory Committee is established under section 202, the Administrator shall 
establish performance objectives and apply and track performance metrics for the 
FAA and the aviation industry relating to flight standards activities in 
accordance with this section.
    (b) Collaboration.--The Administrator shall carry out this section in 
collaboration with the Advisory Committee, and update agency performance 
objectives and metrics after considering the recommendations of the Advisory 
Committee under paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 202(c).
    (c) Performance Objectives.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall establish performance objectives for the FAA and the 
aviation industry to ensure that, with respect to flight standards activities, 
progress is made toward, at a minimum--
            (1) eliminating delays with respect to such activities;
            (2) increasing accountability for both the FAA and the aviation 
        industry;
            (3) achieving full utilization of FAA delegation and designation 
        authorities, including organizational designation authority;
            (4) fully implementing risk management principles and a systems 
        safety approach;
            (5) reducing duplication of effort;
            (6) eliminating inconsistent regulatory interpretations and 
        inconsistent enforcement activities;
            (7) improving and providing greater opportunities for training, 
        including recurrent training, in auditing and a systems safety approach 
        to oversight;
            (8) developing and allowing utilization of a single master source 
        for guidance;
            (9) providing and utilizing a streamlined appeal process for the 
        resolution of regulatory interpretation questions;
            (10) maintaining and improving safety; and
            (11) increasing transparency.
    (d) Performance Metrics.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall apply and track performance metrics for the FAA and the regulated aviation 
industry established by the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Data Generation.--
            (1) Baselines.--Not later than 1 year after the date on which the 
        Advisory Committee recommends initial performance metrics for the FAA 
        and the regulated aviation industry under section 202, the Administrator 
        shall generate initial data with respect to each of the performance 
        metrics applied and tracked under this section.
            (2) Benchmarks to measure progress toward goals.--The Administrator 
        shall use the metrics applied and tracked under this section to generate 
        data on an ongoing basis and to measure progress toward the achievement 
        of national goals recommended by the Advisory Committee.
    (f) Publication.--The Administrator shall make data generated using the 
performance metrics applied and tracked under this section available to the 
public in a searchable, sortable, and downloadable format through the internet 
website of the FAA or other appropriate methods and shall ensure that the data 
are made available in a manner that--
            (1) does not provide identifying information regarding an individual 
        or entity; and
            (2) prevents inappropriate disclosure of proprietary information.

SEC. 222. FAA TASK FORCE ON FLIGHT STANDARDS REFORM.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall establish the FAA Task Force on Flight 
Standards Reform (in this section referred to as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Appointment.--The membership of the Task Force shall be 
        appointed by the Administrator.
            (2) Number.--The Task Force shall be composed of not more than 20 
        members.
            (3) Representation requirements.--The membership of the Task Force 
        shall include representatives, with knowledge of flight standards 
        regulatory processes and requirements, of--
                    (A) air carriers;
                    (B) general aviation;
                    (C) business aviation;
                    (D) repair stations;
                    (E) unmanned aircraft systems operators;
                    (F) flight schools;
                    (G) labor unions, including those representing FAA aviation 
                safety inspectors and those representing FAA aviation safety 
                engineers;
                    (H) aviation and aerospace manufacturers; and
                    (I) aviation safety experts.
    (c) Duties.--The duties of the Task Force shall include, at a minimum, 
identifying best practices and providing recommendations, for current and 
anticipated budgetary environments, with respect to--
            (1) simplifying and streamlining flight standards regulatory 
        processes, including issuance and oversight of certificates;
            (2) reorganizing Flight Standards Services to establish an entity 
        organized by function rather than geographic region, if appropriate;
            (3) FAA aviation safety inspector training opportunities;
            (4) ensuring adequate and timely provision of Flight Standards 
        activities and responses necessary for type certification, operational 
        evaluation, and entry into service of newly manufactured aircraft;
            (5) FAA aviation safety inspector standards and performance; and
            (6) achieving, across the FAA, consistent--
                    (A) regulatory interpretations; and
                    (B) application of oversight activities.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the establishment of 
the Task Force, the Task Force shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report detailing--
            (1) the best practices identified and recommendations provided by 
        the Task Force under subsection (c); and
            (2) any recommendations of the Task Force for additional regulatory, 
        policy, or cost-effective legislative action to improve the efficiency 
        of agency activities.
    (e) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the Task Force.
    (f) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate on the earlier of--
            (1) the date on which the Task Force submits the report required 
        under subsection (d); or
            (2) the date that is 18 months after the date on which the Task 
        Force is established under subsection (a).

SEC. 223. CENTRALIZED SAFETY GUIDANCE DATABASE.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall establish a centralized safety guidance 
database that will--
            (1) encompass all of the regulatory guidance documents of the FAA 
        Office of Aviation Safety;
            (2) contain, for each such guidance document, a link to the Code of 
        Federal Regulations provision to which the document relates; and
            (3) be publicly available in a manner that--
                    (A) protects from disclosure identifying information 
                regarding an individual or entity; and
                    (B) prevents inappropriate disclosure proprietary 
                information.
    (b) Data Entry Timing.--
            (1) Existing documents.--Not later than 14 months after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin entering into the 
        database established under subsection (a) all of the regulatory guidance 
        documents of the Office of Aviation Safety that are in effect and were 
        issued before the date on which the Administrator begins such entry 
        process.
            (2) New documents and changes.--On and after the date on which the 
        Administrator begins the document entry process under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall ensure that all new regulatory guidance documents of 
        the Office of Aviation Safety and any changes to existing documents are 
        included in the database established under subsection (a) as such 
        documents or changes to existing documents are issued.
    (c) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the database under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall consult and collaborate with appropriate 
stakeholders, including labor organizations (including those representing 
aviation workers, FAA aviation safety engineers and FAA aviation safety 
inspectors) and aviation industry stakeholders.
    (d) Regulatory Guidance Documents Defined.--In this section, the term 
``regulatory guidance documents'' means all forms of written information issued 
by the FAA that an individual or entity may use to interpret or apply FAA 
regulations and requirements, including information an individual or entity may 
use to determine acceptable means of compliance with such regulations and 
requirements, such as an order, manual, circular, policy statement, legal 
interpretation memorandum, or rulemaking document.

SEC. 224. REGULATORY CONSISTENCY COMMUNICATIONS BOARD.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall establish a Regulatory Consistency 
Communications Board (in this section referred to as the ``Board'').
    (b) Consultation Requirement.--In establishing the Board, the Administrator 
shall consult and collaborate with appropriate stakeholders, including FAA labor 
organizations (including labor organizations representing FAA aviation safety 
inspectors) and industry stakeholders.
    (c) Membership.--The Board shall be composed of FAA representatives, 
appointed by the Administrator, from--
            (1) the Flight Standards Service;
            (2) the Aircraft Certification Service; and
            (3) the Office of the Chief Counsel.
    (d) Functions.--The Board shall carry out the following functions:
            (1) Establish, at a minimum, processes by which--
                    (A) FAA personnel and persons regulated by the FAA may 
                submit anonymous regulatory interpretation questions without 
                fear of retaliation;
                    (B) FAA personnel may submit written questions, and receive 
                written responses, as to whether a previous approval or 
                regulatory interpretation issued by FAA personnel in another 
                office or region is correct or incorrect; and
                    (C) any other person may submit written anonymous regulatory 
                interpretation questions.
            (2) Meet on a regular basis to discuss and resolve questions 
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) and the appropriate application of 
        regulations and policy with respect to each question.
            (3) Provide to a person that submitted a question pursuant to 
        subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) a timely written response to 
        the question.
            (4) Establish a process to make resolutions of common regulatory 
        interpretation questions publicly available to FAA personnel, persons 
        regulated by the FAA, and the public without revealing any identifying 
        data of the person that submitted the question and in a manner that 
        protects any proprietary information.
            (5) Ensure the incorporation of resolutions of questions submitted 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) into regulatory guidance documents, as such 
        term is defined in section 223(d).
    (e) Performance Metrics, Timelines, and Goals.--Not later than 180 days 
after the date on which the Advisory Committee recommends performance objectives 
and performance metrics for the FAA and the regulated aviation industry under 
section 202, the Administrator, in collaboration with the Advisory Committee, 
shall--
            (1) establish performance metrics, timelines, and goals to measure 
        the progress of the Board in resolving regulatory interpretation 
        questions submitted pursuant to subsection (d)(1); and
            (2) implement a process for tracking the progress of the Board in 
        meeting the performance metrics, timelines, and goals established under 
        paragraph (1).

                          Subtitle D--Safety Workforce

SEC. 231. SAFETY WORKFORCE TRAINING STRATEGY.

    (a) Safety Workforce Training Strategy.--Not later than 60 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review and revise its 
safety workforce training strategy to ensure that such strategy--
            (1) aligns with an effective risk-based approach to safety 
        oversight;
            (2) best uses available resources;
            (3) allows FAA employees participating in organization management 
        teams or conducting ODA program audits to complete, in a timely fashion, 
        appropriate training, including recurrent training, in auditing and a 
        systems safety approach to oversight;
            (4) seeks knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and the 
        aviation industry in new technologies, equipment and systems, best 
        practices, and other areas of interest related to safety oversight;
            (5) functions within the current and anticipated budgetary 
        environments;
            (6) fosters an inspector and engineer workforce that has the skills 
        and training necessary to improve risk-based approaches that focus on 
        requirements management and auditing skills; and
            (7) includes, as appropriate, milestones and metrics for meeting the 
        requirements of paragraphs (1) through (5).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the revision of the 
strategy required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the implementation of the 
strategy and progress in meeting any milestones and metrics included in the 
strategy.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ODA; oda holder.--The terms ``ODA'' and ``ODA holder'' have the 
        meanings given those terms in section 44736 of title 49, United States 
        Code, as added by this Act.
            (2) ODA program.--The term ``ODA program'' means the program to 
        standardize FAA management and oversight of the organizations that are 
        approved to perform certain functions on behalf of the Administration 
        under section 44702(d) of title 49, United States Code.
            (3) Organization management team.--The term ``organization 
        management team'' means a team consisting of FAA aviation safety 
        engineers, flight test pilots, and aviation safety inspectors overseeing 
        an ODA holder and its certification activity.

SEC. 232. WORKFORCE REVIEW.

    (a) Workforce Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review to 
assess the workforce and training needs of the FAA Office of Aviation Safety in 
the anticipated budgetary environment.
    (b) Contents.--The review required under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of current aviation safety inspector and aviation 
        safety engineer hiring, training, and recurrent training requirements;
            (2) an analysis of the skills and qualifications required of 
        aviation safety inspectors and aviation safety engineers for successful 
        performance in the current and future projected aviation safety 
        regulatory environment, including the need for a systems engineering 
        discipline within the FAA to guide the engineering of complex systems, 
        with an emphasis on auditing designated authorities;
            (3) a review of current performance incentive policies of the FAA, 
        as applied to the Office of Aviation Safety, including awards for 
        performance;
            (4) an analysis of ways the FAA can work with industry and labor, 
        including labor groups representing FAA aviation safety inspectors and 
        aviation safety engineers, to establish knowledge-sharing opportunities 
        between the FAA and the aviation industry regarding new equipment and 
        systems, best practices, and other areas of interest; and
            (5) recommendations on the most effective qualifications, training 
        programs (including e-learning training), and performance incentive 
        approaches to address the needs of the future projected aviation safety 
        regulatory system in the anticipated budgetary environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review required under subsection (a).

                       Subtitle E--International Aviation

SEC. 241. PROMOTION OF UNITED STATES AEROSPACE STANDARDS, PRODUCTS, AND SERVICES 
              ABROAD.

    Section 40104 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(d) Promotion of United States Aerospace Standards, Products, and Services 
Abroad.--The Secretary shall take appropriate actions to--
            ``(1) promote United States aerospace-related safety standards 
        abroad;
            ``(2) facilitate and vigorously defend approvals of United States 
        aerospace products and services abroad;
            ``(3) with respect to bilateral partners, utilize bilateral safety 
        agreements and other mechanisms to improve validation of United States 
        certificated aeronautical products, services, and appliances and enhance 
        mutual acceptance in order to eliminate redundancies and unnecessary 
        costs; and
            ``(4) with respect to the aeronautical safety authorities of a 
        foreign country, streamline validation and coordination processes.''.

SEC. 242. BILATERAL EXCHANGES OF SAFETY OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITIES.

    Section 44701(e) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(5) Foreign airworthiness directives.--
                    ``(A) Acceptance.--Subject to subparagraph (D), the 
                Administrator may accept an airworthiness directive, as defined 
                in section 39.3 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, issued 
                by an aeronautical safety authority of a foreign country, and 
                leverage that authority's regulatory process, if--
                            ``(i) the country is the state of design for the 
                        product that is the subject of the airworthiness 
                        directive;
                            ``(ii) the United States has a bilateral safety 
                        agreement relating to aircraft certification with the 
                        country;
                            ``(iii) as part of the bilateral safety agreement 
                        with the country, the Administrator has determined that 
                        such aeronautical safety authority has an aircraft 
                        certification system relating to safety that produces a 
                        level of safety equivalent to the level produced by the 
                        system of the Federal Aviation Administration;
                            ``(iv) the aeronautical safety authority of the 
                        country utilizes an open and transparent notice and 
                        comment process in the issuance of airworthiness 
                        directives; and
                            ``(v) the airworthiness directive is necessary to 
                        provide for the safe operation of the aircraft subject 
                        to the directive.
                    ``(B) Alternative approval process.--Notwithstanding 
                subparagraph (A), the Administrator may issue a Federal Aviation 
                Administration airworthiness directive instead of accepting an 
                airworthiness directive otherwise eligible for acceptance under 
                such subparagraph, if the Administrator determines that such 
                issuance is necessary for safety or operational reasons due to 
                the complexity or unique features of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration airworthiness directive or the United States 
                aviation system.
                    ``(C) Alternative means of compliance.--The Administrator 
                may--
                            ``(i) accept an alternative means of compliance, 
                        with respect to an airworthiness directive accepted 
                        under subparagraph (A), that was approved by the 
                        aeronautical safety authority of the foreign country 
                        that issued the airworthiness directive; or
                            ``(ii) notwithstanding subparagraph (A), and at the 
                        request of any person affected by an airworthiness 
                        directive accepted under such subparagraph, approve an 
                        alternative means of compliance with respect to the 
                        airworthiness directive.
                    ``(D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not accept an 
                airworthiness directive issued by an aeronautical safety 
                authority of a foreign country if the airworthiness directive 
                addresses matters other than those involving the safe operation 
                of an aircraft.''.

SEC. 243. FAA LEADERSHIP ABROAD.

    (a) In General.--To promote United States aerospace safety standards, reduce 
redundant regulatory activity, and facilitate acceptance of FAA design and 
production approvals abroad, the Administrator shall--
            (1) attain greater expertise in issues related to dispute 
        resolution, intellectual property, and export control laws to better 
        support FAA certification and other aerospace regulatory activities 
        abroad;
            (2) work with United States companies to more accurately track the 
        amount of time it takes foreign authorities, including bilateral 
        partners, to validate United States certificated aeronautical products;
            (3) provide assistance to United States companies that have 
        experienced significantly long foreign validation wait times;
            (4) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral partners, to 
        collect and analyze data to determine the timeliness of the acceptance 
        and validation of FAA design and production approvals by foreign 
        authorities and the acceptance and validation of foreign-certified 
        products by the FAA;
            (5) establish appropriate benchmarks and metrics to measure the 
        success of bilateral aviation safety agreements and to reduce the 
        validation time for United States certificated aeronautical products 
        abroad; and
            (6) work with foreign authorities, including bilateral partners, to 
        improve the timeliness of the acceptance and validation of FAA design 
        and production approvals by foreign authorities and the acceptance and 
        validation of foreign-certified products by the FAA.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report that--
            (1) describes the FAA's strategic plan for international engagement;
            (2) describes the structure and responsibilities of all FAA offices 
        that have international responsibilities, including the Aircraft 
        Certification Office, and all the activities conducted by those offices 
        related to certification and production;
            (3) describes current and forecasted staffing and travel needs for 
        the FAA's international engagement activities, including the needs of 
        the Aircraft Certification Office in the current and forecasted 
        budgetary environment;
            (4) provides recommendations, if appropriate, to improve the 
        existing structure and personnel and travel policies supporting the 
        FAA's international engagement activities, including the activities of 
        the Aviation Certification Office, to better support the growth of 
        United States aerospace exports; and
            (5) identifies cost-effective policy initiatives, regulatory 
        initiatives, or legislative initiatives needed to improve and enhance 
        the timely acceptance of United States aerospace products abroad.
    (c) International Travel.--The Administrator, or the Administrator's 
designee, may authorize international travel for any FAA employee, without the 
approval of any other person or entity, if the Administrator determines that the 
travel is necessary--
            (1) to promote United States aerospace safety standards; or
            (2) to support expedited acceptance of FAA design and production 
        approvals.

SEC. 244. REGISTRATION, CERTIFICATION, AND RELATED FEES.

    Section 45305 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``Subject to subsection (b)'' and 
        inserting ``Subject to subsection (c)'';
            (2) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections (c) and 
        (d), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Certification Services.--Subject to subsection (c), and 
notwithstanding section 45301(a), the Administrator may establish and collect a 
fee from a foreign government or entity for services related to certification, 
regardless of where the services are provided, if the fee--
            ``(1) is established and collected in a manner consistent with 
        aviation safety agreements; and
            ``(2) does not exceed the estimated costs of the services.''.

                                TITLE III--SAFETY

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 301. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.

SEC. 302. FAA TECHNICAL TRAINING.

    (a) E-learning Training Pilot Program.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with the 
exclusive bargaining representatives of covered FAA personnel, shall establish 
an e-learning training pilot program in accordance with the requirements of this 
section.
    (b) Curriculum.--The pilot program shall--
            (1) include a recurrent training curriculum for covered FAA 
        personnel to ensure that the covered FAA personnel receive instruction 
        on the latest aviation technologies, processes, and procedures;
            (2) focus on providing specialized technical training for covered 
        FAA personnel, as determined necessary by the Administrator;
            (3) include training courses on applicable regulations of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration; and
            (4) consider the efficacy of instructor-led online training.
    (c) Pilot Program Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate 1 year 
after the date of establishment of the pilot program.
    (d) E-learning Training Program.--Upon termination of the pilot program, the 
Administrator shall assess and establish or update an e-learning training 
program that incorporates lessons learned for covered FAA personnel as a result 
of the pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Covered faa personnel.--The term ``covered FAA personnel'' means 
        airway transportation systems specialists and aviation safety inspectors 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) E-learning training.--The term ``e-learning training'' means 
        learning utilizing electronic technologies to access educational 
        curriculum outside of a traditional classroom.

SEC. 303. SAFETY CRITICAL STAFFING.

    (a) Update of FAA's Safety Critical Staffing Model.--Not later than 270 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall update the 
safety critical staffing model of the Administration to determine the number of 
aviation safety inspectors that will be needed to fulfill the safety oversight 
mission of the Administration.
    (b) Audit by DOT Inspector General.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the 
        Administrator has updated the safety critical staffing model under 
        subsection (a), the Inspector General of the Department of 
        Transportation shall conduct an audit of the staffing model.
            (2) Contents.--The audit shall include, at a minimum--
                    (A) a review of the assumptions and methodologies used in 
                devising and implementing the staffing model to assess the 
                adequacy of the staffing model in predicting the number of 
                aviation safety inspectors needed--
                            (i) to properly fulfill the mission of the 
                        Administration; and
                            (ii) to meet the future growth of the aviation 
                        industry; and
                    (B) a determination on whether the staffing model takes into 
                account the Administration's authority to fully utilize 
                designees.
            (3) Report on audit.--
                    (A) Report to secretary.--Not later than 30 days after the 
                date of completion of the audit, the Inspector General shall 
                submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the audit.
                    (B) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date of receipt of the report, the Secretary shall submit to the 
                appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the report, 
                together with, if appropriate, a description of any actions 
                taken or to be taken to address the results of the audit.

SEC. 304. INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS REGARDING TRACKING OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT.

    The Administrator shall exercise leadership on creating a global approach to 
improving aircraft tracking by working with--
            (1) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the International 
        Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary organizations;
            (2) other international organizations and fora; and
            (3) the private sector.

SEC. 305. AIRCRAFT DATA ACCESS AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS.

    (a) Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall initiate an assessment of aircraft data access and 
retrieval systems for part 121 air carrier aircraft that are used in extended 
overwater operations to--
            (1) determine if the systems provide improved access and retrieval 
        of aircraft data and cockpit voice recordings in the event of an 
        aircraft accident; and
            (2) assess the cost effectiveness of each system assessed.
    (b) Systems To Be Examined.--The systems to be examined under this section 
shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) various methods for improving detection and retrieval of flight 
        data, including--
                    (A) low-frequency underwater locating devices; and
                    (B) extended battery life for underwater locating devices;
            (2) automatic deployable flight recorders;
            (3) emergency locator transmitters;
            (4) triggered transmission of flight data and other satellite-based 
        solutions;
            (5) distress-mode tracking; and
            (6) protections against disabling flight recorder systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of the 
assessment, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the assessment.
    (d) Part 121 Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``part 121 air 
carrier'' means an air carrier with authority to conduct operations under part 
121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 306. ADVANCED COCKPIT DISPLAYS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of heads-up display systems, 
heads-down display systems employing synthetic vision systems, and enhanced 
vision systems (in this section referred to as ``HUD systems'', ``SVS'', and 
``EVS'', respectively).
    (b) Contents.--The review shall--
            (1) evaluate the impacts of single- and dual-installed HUD systems, 
        SVS, and EVS on the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations within 
        the national airspace system; and
            (2) review a sufficient quantity of commercial aviation accidents or 
        incidents in order to evaluate if HUD systems, SVS, or EVS would have 
        produced a better outcome in each accident or incident.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the review, the Administrator shall consult 
with aviation manufacturers, representatives of pilot groups, aviation safety 
organizations, and any government agencies the Administrator considers 
appropriate.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report containing the results of the review, the actions the Administrator plans 
to take with respect to the systems reviewed, and the associated timeline for 
such actions.

SEC. 307. EMERGENCY MEDICAL EQUIPMENT ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall evaluate and revise, as appropriate, regulations in 
part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, regarding emergency medical 
equipment, including the contents of first-aid kits, applicable to all 
certificate holders operating passenger aircraft under that part.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
consider whether the minimum contents of approved emergency medical kits, 
including approved first-aid kits, include appropriate medications and equipment 
to meet the emergency medical needs of children and pregnant women.

SEC. 308. FAA AND NTSB REVIEW OF GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY.

    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Chairman of the National 
Transportation Safety Board, shall initiate a study of general aviation safety.
    (b) Study Contents.--The study required under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of all general aviation accidents since 2000, including 
        a review of--
                    (A) the number of such accidents;
                    (B) the number of injuries and fatalities, including with 
                respect to both occupants of aircraft and individuals on the 
                ground, as a result of such accidents;
                    (C) the number of such accidents investigated by the 
                National Transportation Safety Board;
                    (D) the number of such accidents investigated by the FAA; 
                and
                    (E) a summary of the factual findings and probable cause 
                determinations with respect to such accidents;
            (2) an assessment of the most common probable cause determinations 
        issued for general aviation accidents since 2000;
            (3) an assessment of the most common facts analyzed by the FAA and 
        the National Transportation Safety Board in the course of investigations 
        of general aviation accidents since 2000, including operational details;
            (4) a review of the safety recommendations of the National 
        Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents since 
        2000;
            (5) an assessment of the responses of the FAA and the general 
        aviation community to the safety recommendations of the National 
        Transportation Safety Board related to general aviation accidents since 
        2000;
            (6) an assessment of the most common general aviation safety issues;
            (7) a review of the total costs to the Federal Government to conduct 
        investigations of general aviation accidents over the last 10 years; and
            (8) other matters the Administrator or the Chairman considers 
        appropriate.
    (c) Recommendations and Actions To Address General Aviation Safety.--Based 
on the results of the study required under subsection (a), the Administrator, in 
consultation with the Chairman, shall make such recommendations, including with 
respect to regulations and enforcement activities, as the Administrator 
considers necessary to--
            (1) address general aviation safety issues identified under the 
        study;
            (2) protect persons and property on the ground; and
            (3) improve the safety of general aviation operators in the United 
        States.
    (d) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
Administrator shall have the authority to undertake actions to address the 
recommendations made under subsection (c).
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the study required under subsection (a), including the 
recommendations described in subsection (c).
    (f) General Aviation Defined.--In this section, the term ``general 
aviation'' means aircraft operation for personal, recreational, or other 
noncommercial purposes.

SEC. 309. CALL TO ACTION AIRLINE ENGINE SAFETY REVIEW.

    (a) Call to Action Airline Engine Safety Review.--Not later than 90 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall initiate a Call 
to Action safety review on airline engine safety in order to bring stakeholders 
together to share best practices and implement actions to address airline engine 
safety.
    (b) Contents.--The Call to Action safety review required pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and directives 
        related to airline engines during design and production, including the 
        oversight of those processes;
            (2) a review of Administration regulations, guidance, and directives 
        related to airline engine operation and maintenance and the oversight of 
        those processes;
            (3) a review of reportable accidents and incidents involving airline 
        engines during calendar years 2014 through 2018, including any 
        identified contributing factors to the reportable accident or incident; 
        and
            (4) a process for stakeholders, including inspectors, manufacturers, 
        maintenance providers, airlines, labor, and aviation safety experts, to 
        provide feedback and share best practices.
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the conclusion 
of the Call to Action safety review pursuant to subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the results of the review and any recommendations for actions or best practices 
to improve airline engine safety.

SEC. 310. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACCESS TO AIR CARRIER FLIGHT DECKS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administrator should collaborate with 
other aviation authorities to advance a global standard for access to air 
carrier flight decks and redundancy requirements consistent with the flight deck 
access and redundancy requirements in the United States.

SEC. 311. PART 135 ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT DATA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) determine, in collaboration with the National Transportation 
        Safety Board and part 135 industry stakeholders, what, if any, 
        additional data should be reported as part of an accident or incident 
        notice--
                    (A) to more accurately measure the safety of on-demand part 
                135 aircraft activity;
                    (B) to pinpoint safety problems; and
                    (C) to form the basis for critical research and analysis of 
                general aviation issues; and
            (2) provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress on 
        the findings under paragraph (1), including a description of any 
        additional data to be collected, a timeframe for implementing the 
        additional data collection, and any potential obstacles to 
        implementation.
    (b) Definition of Part 135.--In this section, the term ``part 135'' means 
part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 312. SENSE OF CONGRESS; PILOT IN COMMAND AUTHORITY.

    It is the sense of Congress that the pilot in command of an aircraft is 
directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of 
that aircraft, as set forth in section 91.3(a) of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any successor regulation thereto).

SEC. 313. REPORT ON CONSPICUITY NEEDS FOR SURFACE VEHICLES OPERATING ON THE 
              AIRSIDE OF AIR CARRIER SERVED AIRPORTS.

    (a) Study Required.--The Administrator shall carry out a study on the need 
for the FAA to prescribe conspicuity standards for surface vehicles operating on 
the airside of the categories of airports that air carriers serve as specified 
in subsection (b).
    (b) Covered Airports.--The study required by subsection (a) shall cover, at 
a minimum, 1 large hub airport, 1 medium hub airport, and 1 small hub airport, 
as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than July 1, 2019, the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report setting forth 
the results of the study required by subsection (a), including such 
recommendations as the Administrator considers appropriate regarding the need 
for the Administration to prescribe conspicuity standards as described in 
subsection (a).

SEC. 314. HELICOPTER AIR AMBULANCE OPERATIONS DATA AND REPORTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in collaboration with helicopter air ambulance industry 
stakeholders, shall assess the availability of information to the general public 
related to the location of heliports and helipads used by helicopters providing 
air ambulance services, including helipads and helipads outside of those listed 
as part of any existing databases of Airport Master Record (5010) forms.
    (b) Requirements.--Based on the assessment under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) update, as necessary, any existing guidance on what information 
        is included in the current databases of Airport Master Record (5010) 
        forms to include information related to heliports and helipads used by 
        helicopters providing air ambulance services; or
            (2) develop, as appropriate and in collaboration with helicopter air 
        ambulance industry stakeholders, a new database of heliports and 
        helipads used by helicopters providing air ambulance services.
    (c) Reports.--
            (1) Assessment report.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
        assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        assessment, including any recommendations on how to make information 
        related to the location of heliports and helipads used by helicopters 
        providing air ambulance services available to the general public.
            (2) Implementation report.--Not later than 30 days after completing 
        action under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of subsection (b), the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on such action.
    (d) Incident and Accident Data.--Section 44731 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``not 
                later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, 
                and annually thereafter'' and inserting ``annually'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``flights and hours flown, 
                by registration number, during which helicopters operated by the 
                certificate holder were providing helicopter air ambulance 
                services'' and inserting ``hours flown by the helicopters 
                operated by the certificate holder'';
                    (C) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``of flight'' and inserting ``of 
                        patients transported and the number of patient 
                        transport'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``or'' after ``interfacility 
                        transport,''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``, or ferry or repositioning 
                        flight'';
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) by striking ``flights and''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``while providing air ambulance 
                        services''; and
                    (E) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) The number of hours flown at night by helicopters operated by 
        the certificate holder.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than 2 years after the date of 
                enactment of this section, and annually thereafter, the 
                Administrator shall submit'' and inserting ``The Administrator 
                shall submit annually''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following: ``The report shall 
                include the number of accidents experienced by helicopter air 
                ambulance operations, the number of fatal accidents experienced 
                by helicopter air ambulance operations, and the rate, per 
                100,000 flight hours, of accidents and fatal accidents 
                experienced by operators providing helicopter air ambulance 
                services.'';
            (3) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (4) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Implementation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator, in 
collaboration with part 135 certificate holders providing helicopter air 
ambulance services, shall--
            ``(1) propose and develop a method to collect and store the data 
        submitted under subsection (a), including a method to protect the 
        confidentiality of any trade secret or proprietary information 
        submitted; and
            ``(2) ensure that the database under subsection (c) and the report 
        under subsection (d) include data and analysis that will best inform 
        efforts to improve the safety of helicopter air ambulance operations.''.

SEC. 315. AVIATION RULEMAKING COMMITTEE FOR PART 135 PILOT REST AND DUTY RULES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall convene an aviation rulemaking committee to review, 
and develop findings and recommendations regarding, pilot rest and duty rules 
under part 135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Duties.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report based on the 
        findings of the aviation rulemaking committee; and
            (2) not later than 1 year after the date of submission of the report 
        under paragraph (1), issue a notice of proposed rulemaking based on any 
        consensus recommendations reached by the aviation rulemaking committee.
    (c) Composition.--The aviation rulemaking committee shall consist of members 
appointed by the Administrator, including--
            (1) representatives of industry;
            (2) representatives of aviation labor organizations, including 
        collective bargaining units representing pilots who are covered by part 
        135 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, and subpart K of part 91 
        of such title; and
            (3) aviation safety experts with specific knowledge of flight 
        crewmember education and training requirements under part 135 of such 
        title.
    (d) Considerations.--The Administrator shall direct the aviation rulemaking 
committee to consider--
            (1) recommendations of prior part 135 rulemaking committees;
            (2) accommodations necessary for small businesses;
            (3) scientific data derived from aviation-related fatigue and sleep 
        research;
            (4) data gathered from aviation safety reporting programs;
            (5) the need to accommodate the diversity of operations conducted 
        under part 135, including the unique duty and rest time requirements of 
        air ambulance pilots; and
            (6) other items, as appropriate.

SEC. 316. REPORT ON OBSOLETE TEST EQUIPMENT.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the National Test Equipment Program of the FAA (in this section 
referred to as the ``Program'').
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include--
            (1) a list of all known outstanding requests for test equipment, 
        cataloged by type and location, under the Program;
            (2) a description of the current method under the Program of 
        ensuring calibrated equipment is in place for utilization;
            (3) a plan by the Administrator for appropriate inventory of such 
        equipment;
            (4) the Administrator's recommendations for increasing 
        multifunctionality in future test equipment and all known and 
        foreseeable manufacturer technological advances; and
            (5) a plan to replace, as appropriate, obsolete test equipment 
        throughout the service areas.

SEC. 317. HELICOPTER FUEL SYSTEM SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44737. Helicopter fuel system safety
    ``(a) Prohibition.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person may not operate a covered rotorcraft in 
        United States airspace unless the design of the rotorcraft is certified 
        by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to--
                    ``(A) comply with the requirements applicable to the 
                category of the rotorcraft under paragraphs (1), (2), (3), (5), 
                and (6) of section 27.952(a), section 27.952(c), section 
                27.952(f), section 27.952(g), section 27.963(g) (but allowing 
                for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if successfully drop 
                tested in-structure), and section 27.975(b) or paragraphs (1), 
                (2), (3), (5), and (6) of section 29.952(a), section 29.952(c), 
                section 29.952(f), section 29.952(g), section 29.963(b) (but 
                allowing for a minimum puncture force of 250 pounds if 
                successfully drop tested in-structure), and 29.975(a)(7) of 
                title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date 
                of enactment of this section; or
                    ``(B) employ other means acceptable to the Administrator to 
                provide an equivalent level of fuel system crash resistance.
            ``(2) Covered rotorcraft defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        `covered rotorcraft' means a rotorcraft not otherwise required to comply 
        with section 27.952, section 27.963, and section 27.975, or section 
        29.952, section 29.963, and section 29.975 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations as in effect on the date of enactment of this section for 
        which manufacture was completed, as determined by the Administrator, on 
        or after the date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
        section.
    ``(b) Administrative Provisions.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) expedite the certification and validation of United States and 
        foreign type designs and retrofit kits that improve fuel system 
        crashworthiness; and
            ``(2) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
        section, and periodically thereafter, issue a bulletin to--
                    ``(A) inform rotorcraft owners and operators of available 
                modifications to improve fuel system crashworthiness; and
                    ``(B) urge that such modifications be installed as soon as 
                practicable.
    ``(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
affect the operation of a rotorcraft by the Department of Defense.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44737. Helicopter fuel system safety.''.

SEC. 318. APPLICABILITY OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATION STANDARDS TO OPERATORS OF AIR 
              BALLOONS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Commercial Balloon 
Pilot Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall revise section 61.3(c) of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (relating to second-class medical certificates), to apply to an 
operator of an air balloon to the same extent such regulations apply to a pilot 
flight crewmember of other aircraft.
    (c) Air Balloon Defined.--In this section, the term ``air balloon'' has the 
meaning given the term ``balloon'' in section 1.1 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling).

SEC. 319. DESIGNATED PILOT EXAMINER REFORMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation Rulemaking 
Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the ``Committee'') the task 
of reviewing all regulations and policies related to designated pilot examiners 
appointed under section 183.23 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. The 
Committee shall focus on the processes and requirements by which the FAA 
selects, trains, and deploys individuals as designated pilot examiners, and 
provide recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy changes 
necessary to ensure an adequate number of designated pilot examiners are 
deployed and available to perform their duties. The Committee also shall make 
recommendations with respect to the regulatory and policy changes if necessary 
to allow a designated pilot examiner perform a daily limit of 3 new check rides 
with no limit for partial check rides and to serve as a designed pilot examiner 
without regard to any individual managing office.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after receiving 
recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator shall take such action 
as the Administrator considers appropriate with respect to those 
recommendations.

SEC. 320. VOLUNTARY REPORTS OF OPERATIONAL OR MAINTENANCE ISSUES RELATED TO 
              AVIATION SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--There shall be a presumption that an individual's voluntary 
report of an operational or maintenance issue related to aviation safety under 
an aviation safety action program meets the criteria for acceptance as a valid 
report under such program.
    (b) Disclaimer Required.--Any dissemination, within the participating 
organization, of a report that was submitted and accepted under an aviation 
safety action program pursuant to the presumption under subsection (a), but that 
has not undergone review by an event review committee, shall be accompanied by a 
disclaimer stating that the report--
            (1) has not been reviewed by an event review committee tasked with 
        reviewing such reports; and
            (2) may subsequently be determined to be ineligible for inclusion in 
        the aviation safety action program.
    (c) Rejection of Report.--
            (1) In general.--A report described under subsection (a) shall be 
        rejected from an aviation safety action program if, after a review of 
        the report, an event review committee tasked with reviewing such report, 
        or the Federal Aviation Administration member of the event review 
        committee in the case that the review committee does not reach 
        consensus, determines that the report fails to meet the criteria for 
        acceptance under such program.
            (2) Protections.--In any case in which a report of an individual 
        described under subsection (a) is rejected under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) the enforcement-related incentive offered to the 
                individual for making such a report shall not apply; and
                    (B) the protection from disclosure of the report itself 
                under section 40123 of title 49, United States Code, shall not 
                apply.
            (3) Aviation safety action program defined.--In this section, the 
        term ``aviation safety action program'' means a program established in 
        accordance with Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular 120-
        66B, issued November 15, 2002 (including any similar successor advisory 
        circular), to allow an individual to voluntarily disclose operational or 
        maintenance issues related to aviation safety.

SEC. 321. EVALUATION REGARDING ADDITIONAL GROUND BASED TRANSMITTERS.

    The Administrator shall conduct an evaluation of providing additional ground 
based transmitters for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcasts (ADS-B) to 
provide a minimum operational network in Alaska along major flight routes.

SEC. 322. IMPROVED SAFETY IN RURAL AREAS.

    The Administrator shall permit an air carrier operating pursuant to part 135 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to operate to a destination with a 
published approach, in a noncontiguous State under instrument flight rules and 
conduct an instrument approach without a destination Meteorological Aerodrome 
Report (METAR) if a current Area Forecast, supplemented by noncertified local 
weather observations (such as weather cameras and human observations) is 
available, and an alternate airport that has a weather report is specified. The 
operator shall have approved procedures for departure and en route weather 
evaluation.

SEC. 323. EXIT ROWS.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator shall conduct a review of current safety 
procedures regarding unoccupied exit rows on a covered aircraft in passenger air 
transportation during all stages of flight.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Administrator shall 
consult with air carriers, aviation manufacturers, and labor stakeholders.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the review.
    (d) Covered Aircraft Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered 
aircraft'' means an aircraft operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations.

SEC. 324. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REPORT ON FAA ENFORCEMENT POLICY.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall complete a study, and report to 
the appropriate committees of Congress on the results thereof, on the 
effectiveness of Order 8000.373, Federal Aviation Administration Compliance 
Philosophy, announced on June 26, 2015. Such study shall include information 
about--
            (1) whether reports of safety incidents increased following the 
        order;
            (2) whether reduced enforcement penalties increased the overall 
        number of safety incidents that occurred; and
            (3) whether FAA enforcement staff registered complaints about 
        reduced enforcement reducing compliance with safety regulations.

SEC. 325. ANNUAL SAFETY INCIDENT REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator, shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding part 121 airline safety 
oversight.
    (b) Contents.--The annual report shall include--
            (1) a description of the Federal Aviation Administration's safety 
        oversight process to ensure the safety of the traveling public;
            (2) a description of risk-based oversight methods applied to ensure 
        aviation safety, including to specific issues addressed in the year 
        preceding the report that in the determination of the Administrator 
        address safety risk; and
            (3) in the instance of specific reviews of air carrier performance 
        to safety regulations, a description of cases where the timelines for 
        recurrent reviews are advanced.

SEC. 326. AIRCRAFT AIR QUALITY.

    (a) Educational Materials.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with relevant 
stakeholders, establish and make available on a publicly available Internet 
website of the Administration, educational materials for flight attendants, 
pilots, and aircraft maintenance technicians on how to respond to incidents on 
board aircraft involving smoke or fumes.
    (b) Reporting of Incidents of Smoke or Fumes on Board Aircraft.--Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, 
in consultation with relevant stakeholders, issue guidance for flight 
attendants, pilots, and aircraft maintenance technicians to report incidents of 
smoke or fumes on board an aircraft operated by a commercial air carrier and 
with respect to the basis on which commercial air carriers shall report such 
incidents through the Service Difficulty Reporting System.
    (c) Research to Develop Techniques to Monitor Bleed Air Quality.--Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
commission a study by the Airliner Cabin Environment Research Center of 
Excellence--
            (1) to identify and measure the constituents and levels of 
        constituents resulting from bleed air in the cabins of a representative 
        set of commercial aircraft in operation of the United States;
            (2) to assess the potential health effects of such constituents on 
        passengers and cabin and flight deck crew;
            (3) to identify technologies suitable to provide reliable and 
        accurate warning of bleed air contamination, including technologies to 
        effectively monitor the aircraft air supply system when the aircraft is 
        in flight; and
            (4) to identify potential techniques to prevent fume events.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the feasibility, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of 
certification and installation of systems to evaluate bleed air quality.
    (e) Pilot Program.--The FAA may conduct a pilot program to evaluate the 
effectiveness of technologies identified in subsection (c).

SEC. 327. APPROACH CONTROL RADAR.

    The Administrator shall--
            (1) identify airports that are currently served by FAA towers with 
        nonradar approach and departure control (type 4 classification in the 
        Federal Aviation Administration OPSNET); and
            (2) develop an implementation plan, which takes into account 
        budgetary and flight volume considerations, to provide an airport 
        identified under paragraph (1), if appropriate, with approach control 
        radar.

SEC. 328. REPORT ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER SAFETY.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on airline and passenger safety.
    (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) the average age of commercial aircraft owned and operated by 
        United States air carriers;
            (2) the over-all use of planes, including average lifetime of 
        commercial aircraft;
            (3) the number of hours aircraft are in flight over the life of the 
        aircraft and the average number of hours on domestic and international 
        flights, respectively;
            (4) the impact of metal fatigue on aircraft usage and safety;
            (5) a review on contractor assisted maintenance of commercial 
        aircraft; and
            (6) a re-evaluation of the rules on inspection of aging airplanes.

SEC. 329. PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARDS.

    The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent possible and consistent with 
Federal law, and based on input by the public, ensure that regulations, 
guidance, and policies issued by the FAA on and after the date of enactment of 
this Act are issued in the form of performance-based standards, providing an 
equal or higher level of safety.

SEC. 330. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON CERTAIN AVIATION SAFETY RISKS.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
that--
            (1) identifies safety risks associated with power outages at 
        airports caused by weather or other factors, and recommends actions to 
        improve resilience of aviation communication, navigation, and 
        surveillance systems in the event of such outages; and
            (2) reviews alerting mechanisms, devices, and procedures for 
        enhancing the situational awareness of pilots and air traffic 
        controllers in the event of a failure or an irregularity of runway 
        lights, and provides recommendations on the further implementation of 
        such mechanisms, devices, or procedures.

SEC. 331. REVIEW OF FAA'S AVIATION SAFETY INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND SHARING 
              SYSTEM.

    (a) Audit by Department of Transportation Inspector General.--Not later than 
90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the 
Department of Transportation shall initiate a follow-up review of the FAA's 
Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS) system to assess FAA's 
efforts and plans to improve the system.
    (b) Review.--The review shall include, at a minimum, an evaluation of FAA's 
efforts to improve the ASIAS system's predictive capabilities and solutions 
developed to more widely disseminate results of ASIAS data analyses, as well as 
an update on previous inspector general recommendations to improve this safety 
analysis and sharing system.
    (c) Report.--The inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review carried out under 
this section and any recommendations to improve FAA's ASIAS system.

SEC. 332. AIRPORT RESCUE AND FIREFIGHTING.

    (a) Firefighting Foam.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, using the latest version of National Fire 
Protection Association 403, ``Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting 
Services at Airports'', and in coordination with the Administrator of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, aircraft manufacturers and airports, shall not 
require the use of fluorinated chemicals to meet the performance standards 
referenced in chapter 6 of AC No: 150/5210-6D and acceptable under 139.319(l) of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Training Facilities.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress--
            (1) a report on the number and sufficiency of aircraft rescue and 
        firefighting training facilities in each FAA region; and
            (2) a plan, if appropriate, to address any coverage gaps identified 
        in the report.

SEC. 333. SAFE AIR TRANSPORTATION OF LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES.

    (a) Harmonization With ICAO Technical Instructions.--
            (1) Adoption of icao instructions.--
                    (A) In general.--Pursuant to section 828 of the FAA 
                Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note), not 
                later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
                Secretary of Transportation shall conform United States 
                regulations on the air transport of lithium cells and batteries 
                with the lithium cells and battery requirements in the 2015-2016 
                edition of the International Civil Aviation Organization's 
                (referred to in this subsection as ``ICAO'') Technical 
                Instructions (to include all addenda), including the revised 
                standards adopted by ICAO which became effective on April 1, 
                2016 and any further revisions adopted by ICAO prior to the 
                effective date of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018.
                    (B) Further proceedings.--Beginning on the date the revised 
                regulations under subparagraph (A) are published in the Federal 
                Register, any lithium cell and battery rulemaking action or 
                update commenced on or after that date shall continue to comply 
                with the requirements under section 828 of the FAA Modernization 
                and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
            (2) Review of other regulations.--Pursuant to section 828 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note), the 
        Secretary of Transportation may initiate a review of other existing 
        regulations regarding the air transportation, including passenger-
        carrying and cargo aircraft, of lithium batteries and cells.
    (b) Medical Device Batteries.--
            (1) In general.--For United States applicants, the Secretary of 
        Transportation shall consider and either grant or deny, not later than 
        45 days after receipt of an application, an application submitted in 
        compliance with part 107 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, for 
        special permits or approvals for air transportation of lithium ion cells 
        or batteries specifically used by medical devices. Not later than 30 
        days after the date of application, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
        Safety Administration shall provide a draft special permit to the 
        Federal Aviation Administration based on the application. The Federal 
        Aviation Administration shall conduct an on-site inspection for issuance 
        of the special permit not later than 20 days after the date of receipt 
        of the draft special permit from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
        Safety Administration.
            (2) Limited exceptions to restrictions on air transportation of 
        medical device batteries.--The Secretary shall issue limited exceptions 
        to the restrictions on transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal 
        batteries to allow the shipment on a passenger aircraft of not more than 
        2 replacement batteries specifically used for a medical device if--
                    (A) the intended destination of the batteries is not 
                serviced daily by cargo aircraft if a battery is required for 
                medically necessary care; and
                    (B) with regard to a shipper of lithium ion or lithium metal 
                batteries for medical devices that cannot comply with a charge 
                limitation in place at the time, each battery is--
                            (i) individually packed in an inner packaging that 
                        completely encloses the battery;
                            (ii) placed in a rigid outer packaging; and
                            (iii) protected to prevent a short circuit.
            (3) Medial device defined.--ln this subsection, the term ``medical 
        device'' means an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, 
        contrivance, implant, or in vitro reagent, including any component, 
        part, or accessory thereof, which is intended for use in the diagnosis 
        of disease or other conditions, or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, 
        or prevention of disease, of a person.
            (4) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed 
        as expanding or constricting any other authority the Secretary of 
        Transportation has under section 828 of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
        Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
    (c) Lithium Battery Safety Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a lithium 
        battery safety working group (referred to as the ``working group'' in 
        this section) to promote and coordinate efforts related to the promotion 
        of the safe manufacture, use, and transportation of lithium batteries 
        and cells.
            (2) Duties.--The working group shall coordinate and facilitate the 
        transfer of knowledge and expertise among the following Federal 
        agencies:
                    (A) The Department of Transportation.
                    (B) The Consumer Product Safety Commission.
                    (C) The National Institute on Standards and Technology.
                    (D) The Food and Drug Administration.
            (3) Members.--The Secretary shall appoint not more than 8 members to 
        the working group with expertise in the safe manufacture, use, or 
        transportation of lithium batteries and cells.
            (4) Subcommittees.--The Secretary, or members of the working group, 
        may--
                    (A) establish working group subcommittees to focus on 
                specific issues related to the safe manufacture, use, or 
                transportation of lithium batteries and cells; and
                    (B) include in a subcommittee the participation of nonmember 
                stakeholders with expertise in areas that the Secretary or 
                members consider necessary.
            (5) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date it is established, 
        the working group shall--
                    (A) identify and assess--
                            (i) additional ways to decrease the risk of fires 
                        and explosions from lithium batteries and cells;
                            (ii) additional ways to ensure uniform 
                        transportation requirements for both bulk and individual 
                        batteries; and
                            (iii) new or existing technologies that may reduce 
                        the fire and explosion risk of lithium batteries and 
                        cells; and
                    (B) transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
                report on the assessments conducted under subparagraph (A), 
                including any legislative recommendations to effectuate the 
                safety improvements described in clauses (i) through (iii) of 
                that subparagraph.
            (6) Termination.--The working group, and any working group 
        subcommittees, shall terminate 90 days after the date the report is 
        transmitted under paragraph (5).
    (d) Lithium Battery Air Safety Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish, in accordance with 
        the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), 
        a lithium ion and lithium metal battery air safety advisory committee 
        (in this subsection referred to as the ``Committee'').
            (2) Duties.--The Committee shall--
                    (A) facilitate communication between manufacturers of 
                lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries, manufacturers 
                of products incorporating both large and small lithium ion and 
                lithium metal batteries, air carriers, and the Federal 
                Government regarding the safe air transportation of lithium ion 
                and lithium metal cells and batteries and the effectiveness and 
                economic and social impacts of the regulation of such 
                transportation;
                    (B) provide the Secretary, the Federal Aviation 
                Administration, and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety 
                Administration with timely information about new lithium ion and 
                lithium metal battery technology and transportation safety 
                practices and methodologies;
                    (C) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide information 
                on and to discuss the activities of the Department of 
                Transportation relating to lithium ion and lithium metal battery 
                transportation safety, the policies underlying the activities, 
                and positions to be advocated in international forums;
                    (D) provide a forum for the Secretary to provide information 
                and receive advice on--
                            (i) activities carried out throughout the world to 
                        communicate and enforce relevant United States 
                        regulations and the ICAO Technical Instructions; and
                            (ii) the effectiveness of the activities;
                    (E) provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary with 
                respect to lithium ion and lithium metal battery air 
                transportation safety, including how best to implement 
                activities to increase awareness of relevant requirements and 
                their importance to travelers and shippers; and
                    (F) review methods to decrease the risk posed by air 
                shipment of undeclared hazardous materials and efforts to 
                educate those who prepare and offer hazardous materials for 
                shipment via air transport.
            (3) Membership.--The Committee shall be composed of the following 
        members:
                    (A) Individuals appointed by the Secretary to represent--
                            (i) large volume manufacturers of lithium ion and 
                        lithium metal cells and batteries;
                            (ii) domestic manufacturers of lithium ion and 
                        lithium metal batteries or battery packs;
                            (iii) manufacturers of consumer products powered by 
                        lithium ion and lithium metal batteries;
                            (iv) manufacturers of vehicles powered by lithium 
                        ion and lithium metal batteries;
                            (v) marketers of products powered by lithium ion and 
                        lithium metal batteries;
                            (vi) cargo air service providers based in the United 
                        States;
                            (vii) passenger air service providers based in the 
                        United States;
                            (viii) pilots and employees of air service providers 
                        described in clauses (vi) and (vii);
                            (ix) shippers of lithium ion and lithium metal 
                        batteries for air transportation;
                            (x) manufacturers of battery-powered medical devices 
                        or batteries used in medical devices; and
                            (xi) employees of the Department of Transportation, 
                        including employees of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials 
                        Safety Administration.
                    (B) Representatives of such other Government departments and 
                agencies as the Secretary determines appropriate.
                    (C) Any other individuals the Secretary determines are 
                appropriate to comply with Federal law.
            (4) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                establishment of the Committee, the Committee shall submit to 
                the Secretary and the appropriate committees of Congress a 
                report that--
                            (i) describes and evaluates the steps being taken in 
                        the private sector and by international regulatory 
                        authorities to implement and enforce requirements 
                        relating to the safe transportation by air of bulk 
                        shipments of lithium ion cells and batteries; and
                            (ii) identifies any areas of enforcement or 
                        regulatory requirements for which there is consensus 
                        that greater attention is needed.
                    (B) Independent statements.--Each member of the Committee 
                shall be provided an opportunity to submit an independent 
                statement of views with the report submitted pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A).
            (5) Meetings.--
                    (A) In general.--The Committee shall meet at the direction 
                of the Secretary and at least twice a year.
                    (B) Preparation for icao meetings.--Notwithstanding 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall convene a meeting of the 
                Committee in connection with and in advance of each meeting of 
                the International Civil Aviation Organization, or any of its 
                panels or working groups, addressing the safety of air 
                transportation of lithium ion and lithium metal batteries to 
                brief Committee members on positions to be taken by the United 
                States at such meeting and provide Committee members a 
                meaningful opportunity to comment.
            (6) Termination.--The Committee shall terminate on the date that is 
        6 years after the date on which the Committee is established.
            (7) Termination of future of aviation advisory committee.--The 
        Future of Aviation Advisory Committee shall terminate on the date on 
        which the lithium ion battery air safety advisory committee is 
        established.
    (e) Cooperative Efforts to Ensure Compliance With Safety Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation, in coordination 
        with appropriate Federal agencies, shall carry out cooperative efforts 
        to ensure that shippers who offer lithium ion and lithium metal 
        batteries for air transport to or from the United States comply with 
        U.S. Hazardous Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
            (2) Cooperative efforts.--The cooperative efforts the Secretary 
        shall carry out pursuant to paragraph (1) include the following:
                    (A) Encouraging training programs at locations outside the 
                United States from which substantial cargo shipments of lithium 
                ion or lithium metal batteries originate for manufacturers, 
                freight forwarders, and other shippers and potential shippers of 
                lithium ion and lithium metal batteries.
                    (B) Working with Federal, regional, and international 
                transportation agencies to ensure enforcement of U.S. Hazardous 
                Materials Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions with 
                respect to shippers who offer noncompliant shipments of lithium 
                ion and lithium metal batteries.
                    (C) Sharing information, as appropriate, with Federal, 
                regional, and international transportation agencies regarding 
                noncompliant shipments.
                    (D) Pursuing a joint effort with the international aviation 
                community to develop a process to obtain assurances that 
                appropriate enforcement actions are taken to reduce the 
                likelihood of noncompliant shipments, especially with respect to 
                jurisdictions in which enforcement activities historically have 
                been limited.
                    (E) Providing information in brochures and on the internet 
                in appropriate foreign languages and dialects that describes the 
                actions required to comply with U.S. Hazardous Materials 
                Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
                    (F) Developing joint efforts with the international aviation 
                community to promote a better understanding of the requirements 
                of and methods of compliance with U.S. Hazardous Materials 
                Regulations and ICAO Technical Instructions.
            (3) Reporting.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and annually thereafter for 2 years, the Secretary shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on compliance 
        with the policy set forth in subsection (e) and the cooperative efforts 
        carried out, or planned to be carried out, under this subsection.
    (f) Packaging Improvements.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with interested 
stakeholders, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an 
evaluation of current practices for the packaging of lithium ion batteries and 
cells for air transportation, including recommendations, if any, to improve the 
packaging of such batteries and cells for air transportation in a safe, 
efficient, and cost-effective manner.
    (g) Department of Transportation Policy on International Representation.--
            (1) In general.--It shall be the policy of the Department of 
        Transportation to support the participation of industry and labor 
        stakeholders in all panels and working groups of the dangerous goods 
        panel of the ICAO and any other international test or standard setting 
        organization that considers proposals on the safety or transportation of 
        lithium ion and lithium metal batteries in which the United States 
        participates.
            (2) Participation.--The Secretary of Transportation shall request 
        that as part of the ICAO deliberations in the dangerous goods panel on 
        these issues, that appropriate experts on issues under consideration be 
        allowed to participate.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) ICAO technical instructions.--The term ``ICAO Technical 
        Instructions'' has the meaning given that term in section 828(c) of the 
        FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44701 note).
            (2) U.S. hazardous materials regulations.--The term ``U.S. Hazardous 
        Materials Regulations'' means the regulations in parts 100 through 177 
        of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (including amendments adopted 
        after the date of enactment of this Act).

SEC. 334. RUNWAY SAFETY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on improving runway safety.
    (b) Contents.--In the report required under this section, the Administrator 
shall--
            (1) review the relative benefits and risks of requiring the use of 
        runway awareness and advisory systems in turbine-powered airplanes with 
        a maximum takeoff weight greater than 19,000 pounds;
            (2) review systems capable of detecting wrong-surface alignment to 
        determine whether the capability exists to detect imminent wrong-surface 
        landings at each airport where such a system is in use;
            (3) describe information gathered from the use of the Airport 
        Surface Surveillance Capability system at San Francisco International 
        Airport since July 2017;
            (4) assess available technologies to determine whether it is 
        feasible, cost-effective, and appropriate to install and deploy, at any 
        airport, systems to provide a direct warning capability to flight crews 
        or air traffic controllers, or both, of potential runway incursions; and
            (5) describe FAA efforts to develop metrics that would allow the FAA 
        to determine whether runway incursions are increasing and to assess the 
        effectiveness of implemented runway safety initiatives.
    (c) Consultation.--The Administrator shall consult with the National 
Transportation Safety Board in developing the report required under this 
section.

SEC. 335. FLIGHT ATTENDANT DUTY PERIOD LIMITATIONS AND REST REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Modification of Final Rule.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall modify the final rule 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration published in the Federal Register 
        on August 19, 1994 (59 Fed. Reg. 42974; relating to flight attendant 
        duty period limitations and rest requirements) in accordance with the 
        requirements of this subsection.
            (2) Contents.--The final rule, as modified under paragraph (1), 
        shall ensure that--
                    (A) a flight attendant scheduled to a duty period of 14 
                hours or less is given a scheduled rest period of at least 10 
                consecutive hours; and
                    (B) the rest period is not reduced under any circumstances.
    (b) Fatigue Risk Management Plan.--
            (1) Submission of plan by part 121 air carriers.--Not later than 90 
        days after the date of enactment of this Act, each air carrier operating 
        under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (in this section 
        referred to as a ``part 121 air carrier''), shall submit to the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration for review and 
        acceptance a fatigue risk management plan for the carrier's flight 
        attendants.
            (2) Contents of plan.--A fatigue risk management plan submitted by a 
        part 121 air carrier under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
                    (A) Current flight time and duty period limitations.
                    (B) A rest scheme consistent with such limitations that 
                enables the management of flight attendant fatigue, including 
                annual training to increase awareness of--
                            (i) fatigue;
                            (ii) the effects of fatigue on flight attendants; 
                        and
                            (iii) fatigue countermeasures.
                    (C) Development and use of a methodology that continually 
                assesses the effectiveness of implementation of the plan, 
                including the ability of the plan--
                            (i) to improve alertness; and
                            (ii) to mitigate performance errors.
            (3) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Administrator shall review and accept or reject each 
        fatigue risk management plan submitted under this subsection. If the 
        Administrator rejects a plan, the Administrator shall provide suggested 
        modifications for resubmission of the plan.
            (4) Plan updates.--
                    (A) In general.--A part 121 air carrier shall update its 
                fatigue risk management plan under paragraph (1) every 2 years 
                and submit the update to the Administrator for review and 
                acceptance.
                    (B) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
                submission of a plan update under subparagraph (A), the 
                Administrator shall review and accept or reject the update. If 
                the Administrator rejects an update, the Administrator shall 
                provide suggested modifications for resubmission of the update.
            (5) Compliance.--A part 121 air carrier shall comply with the 
        fatigue risk management plan of the air carrier that is accepted by the 
        Administrator under this subsection.
            (6) Civil penalties.--A violation of this subsection by a part 121 
        air carrier shall be treated as a violation of chapter 447 of title 49, 
        United States Code, for purposes of the application of civil penalties 
        under chapter 463 of that title.

SEC. 336. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Saracini Aviation 
Safety Act of 2018''.
    (b) Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue 
an order requiring installation of a secondary cockpit barrier on each new 
aircraft that is manufactured for delivery to a passenger air carrier in the 
United States operating under the provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations.

SEC. 337. AIRCRAFT CABIN EVACUATION PROCEDURES.

    (a) Review.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall 
review--
            (1) evacuation certification of transport-category aircraft used in 
        air transportation, with regard to--
                    (A) emergency conditions, including impacts into water;
                    (B) crew procedures used for evacuations under actual 
                emergency conditions;
                    (C) any relevant changes to passenger demographics and legal 
                requirements, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 
                1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), that affect emergency 
                evacuations; and
                    (D) any relevant changes to passenger seating 
                configurations, including changes to seat width, padding, 
                reclining, size, pitch, leg room, and aisle width; and
            (2) recent accidents and incidents in which passengers evacuated 
        such aircraft.
    (b) Consultation; Review of Data.--In conducting the review under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) consult with the National Transportation Safety Board, 
        transport-category aircraft manufacturers, air carriers, and other 
        relevant experts and Federal agencies, including groups representing 
        passengers, airline crew members, maintenance employees, and emergency 
        responders; and
            (2) review relevant data with respect to evacuation certification of 
        transport-category aircraft.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review under subsection (a) and related 
recommendations, if any, including recommendations for revisions to the 
assumptions and methods used for assessing evacuation certification of 
transport-category aircraft.

SEC. 338. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each air carrier should have in place policies and procedures to 
        address sexual misconduct, including policies and procedures to--
                    (B) facilitate the reporting of sexual misconduct to 
                appropriate law enforcement agencies;
                    (C) communicate to personnel and passengers of the air 
                carrier the rights of such individuals with respect to sexual 
                misconduct;
                    (D) train personnel of the air carrier to recognize and 
                respond appropriately to, and to notify the appropriate law 
                enforcement agency of, sexual misconduct; and
                    (E) ensure other appropriate actions are undertaken to 
                respond effectively to sexual misconduct; and
            (2) individuals who perpetrate sexual misconduct should be held 
        accountable under all applicable Federal and State laws.

SEC. 339. CIVIL PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE.

    (a) Interference With Cabin or Flight Crew.--Section 46318(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``or sexually'' after ``physically'' each place it 
        appears; and
            (2) by striking ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$35,000''.

SEC. 339A. NATIONAL IN-FLIGHT SEXUAL MISCONDUCT TASK FORCE.

    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
establish a task force, to be known as the ``National In-Flight Sexual 
Misconduct Task Force'' (referred to in this section as ``Task Force'') to--
            (1) review current practices, protocols and requirements of air 
        carriers in responding to allegations of sexual misconduct by passengers 
        onboard aircraft, including training, reporting and data collection; and
            (2) provide recommendations on training, reporting and data 
        collection regarding allegations of sexual misconduct occurring on 
        passenger airline flights that are informed by the review of information 
        described in paragraph (1) and subsection (c)(5) on passengers who have 
        experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft.
    (b) Membership.--The Task Force shall be composed of, at a minimum, 
representatives from--
            (1) Department of Transportation;
            (2) Department of Justice, including the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation, Office of Victims for Crimes, and the Office on Violence 
        Against Women;
            (3) National organizations that specialize in providing services to 
        sexual assault victims;
            (4) labor organizations that represent flight attendants;
            (5) labor organizations that represent pilots;
            (6) airports;
            (7) air carriers;
            (8) State and local law enforcement agencies; and
            (9) such other Federal agencies and stakeholder organizations as the 
        Secretary of Transportation considers appropriate.
    (c) Purpose of Task Force.--The purpose of the Task Force shall be to--
            (1) issue recommendations for addressing allegations of sexual 
        misconduct by passengers onboard aircraft, including airline employee 
        and contractor training;
            (2) issue recommendations on effective ways for passengers involved 
        in incidents of alleged sexual misconduct to report such allegation of 
        sexual misconduct;
            (3) issue recommendations on how to most effectively provide data on 
        instances of alleged sexual misconduct onboard aircraft and to whom the 
        data collected should be reported in a manner that protects the privacy 
        and confidentiality of individuals involved in incidents of alleged 
        sexual misconduct and precludes the release of data that publically 
        identifies an individual air carrier to enable better understanding of 
        the frequency and severity of such misconduct;
            (4) issue recommendations for flight attendants, pilots, and other 
        appropriate airline personnel on law enforcement notification in 
        incidents of alleged sexual misconduct;
            (5) review and utilize first-hand accounts from passengers who have 
        experienced sexual misconduct onboard aircraft; and
            (6) other matters deemed necessary by the Task Force.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Task Force shall submit a report with its recommendations and findings 
developed pursuant to subsection (c) to the Secretary of Transportation.
    (e) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after receiving the report required under 
subsection (d) the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with relevant 
federal agencies, shall submit to appropriate committees of Congress a plan to 
address the recommendations in the report required under subsection (d). The 
Secretary of Transportation shall make changes to guidance, policies and 
regulations, as necessary, within 1 year of submitting the plan required in this 
subsection.
    (f) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after submitting the plan required 
in this subsection, the Secretary of Transportation may issue regulations as 
deemed necessary to require each air carrier and other covered entity to develop 
a policy concerning sexual misconduct in accordance with the recommendations and 
findings of the Task Force under subsection (c).
    (g) Sunset.--The Task Force established pursuant to subsection (a) shall 
terminate upon the submission of the report pursuant to subsection (d).

SEC. 339B. REPORTING PROCESS FOR SEXUAL MISCONDUCT ONBOARD AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, 
shall establish a streamlined process, based on the plan required under section 
339A(e) of this Act, for individuals involved in incidents of alleged sexual 
misconduct onboard aircraft to report such allegations of sexual misconduct to 
law enforcement in a manner that protects the privacy and confidentiality of 
individuals involved in such allegations.
    (b) Availability of Reporting Process.--The process for reporting 
established under subsection (a) shall be made available to the public on the 
primary Internet websites of--
            (1) the Office for Victims of Crime and the Office on Violence 
        Against Women of the Department of Justice;
            (2) the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and
            (3) the Department of Transportation.

                      Subtitle B--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SEC. 341. DEFINITIONS; INTEGRATION OF CIVIL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTO 
              NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.

    (a) In General.--Part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting after chapter 447 the following:

                    ``CHAPTER 448--UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

``Sec.
``44801. Definitions.
``44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into national 
                            airspace system.
``Sec. 44801. Definitions
    ``In this chapter, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Actively tethered unmanned aircraft system.--The term 
        `actively tethered unmanned aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft 
        system in which the unmanned aircraft component--
                    ``(A) weighs 4.4 pounds or less, including payload but not 
                including the tether;
                    ``(B) is physically attached to a ground station with a 
                taut, appropriately load-rated tether that provides continuous 
                power to the unmanned aircraft and is unlikely to be separated 
                from the unmanned aircraft; and
                    ``(C) is controlled and retrieved by such ground station 
                through physical manipulation of the tether.
            ``(2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term `appropriate 
        committees of Congress' means the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
            ``(3) Arctic.--The term `Arctic' means the United States zone of the 
        Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and Bering Sea north of the Aleutian chain.
            ``(4) Certificate of waiver; certificate of authorization.--The 
        terms `certificate of waiver' and `certificate of authorization' mean a 
        Federal Aviation Administration grant of approval for a specific flight 
        operation.
            ``(5) Counter-UAS system.--The term `counter-UAS system' means a 
        system or device capable of lawfully and safely disabling, disrupting, 
        or seizing control of an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system.
            ``(6) Permanent areas.--The term `permanent areas' means areas on 
        land or water that provide for launch, recovery, and operation of small 
        unmanned aircraft.
            ``(7) Public unmanned aircraft system.--The term `public unmanned 
        aircraft system' means an unmanned aircraft system that meets the 
        qualifications and conditions required for operation of a public 
        aircraft.
            ``(8) Sense and avoid capability.--The term `sense and avoid 
        capability' means the capability of an unmanned aircraft to remain a 
        safe distance from and to avoid collisions with other airborne aircraft, 
        structures on the ground, and other objects.
            ``(9) Small unmanned aircraft.--The term `small unmanned aircraft' 
        means an unmanned aircraft weighing less than 55 pounds, including the 
        weight of anything attached to or carried by the aircraft.
            ``(10) Test range.--The term `test range' means a defined geographic 
        area where research and development are conducted as authorized by the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and includes any 
        of the 6 test ranges established by the Administrator under section 
        332(c) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 
        note), as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the FAA 
        Reauthorization Act of 2018, and any public entity authorized by the 
        Federal Aviation Administration as an unmanned aircraft system flight 
        test center before January 1, 2009.
            ``(11) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' means an 
        aircraft that is operated without the possibility of direct human 
        intervention from within or on the aircraft.
            ``(12) Unmanned aircraft system.--The term `unmanned aircraft 
        system' means an unmanned aircraft and associated elements (including 
        communication links and the components that control the unmanned 
        aircraft) that are required for the operator to operate safely and 
        efficiently in the national airspace system.
            ``(13) UTM.--The term `UTM' means an unmanned aircraft system 
        traffic management system or service.
``Sec. 44802. Integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into national 
              airspace system
    ``(a) Required Planning for Integration.--
            ``(1) Comprehensive plan.--Not later than November 10, 2012, the 
        Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with representatives of the 
        aviation industry, Federal agencies that employ unmanned aircraft 
        systems technology in the national airspace system, and the unmanned 
        aircraft systems industry, shall develop a comprehensive plan to safely 
        accelerate the integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system.
            ``(2) Contents of plan.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall 
        contain, at a minimum, recommendations or projections on--
                    ``(A) the rulemaking to be conducted under subsection (b), 
                with specific recommendations on how the rulemaking will--
                            ``(i) define the acceptable standards for operation 
                        and certification of civil unmanned aircraft systems;
                            ``(ii) ensure that any civil unmanned aircraft 
                        system includes a sense-and-avoid capability; and
                            ``(iii) establish standards and requirements for the 
                        operator and pilot of a civil unmanned aircraft system, 
                        including standards and requirements for registration 
                        and licensing;
                    ``(B) the best methods to enhance the technologies and 
                subsystems necessary to achieve the safe and routine operation 
                of civil unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace 
                system;
                    ``(C) a phased-in approach to the integration of civil 
                unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace system;
                    ``(D) a timeline for the phased-in approach described under 
                subparagraph (C);
                    ``(E) creation of a safe airspace designation for 
                cooperative manned and unmanned flight operations in the 
                national airspace system;
                    ``(F) establishment of a process to develop certification, 
                flight standards, and air traffic requirements for civil 
                unmanned aircraft systems at test ranges where such systems are 
                subject to testing;
                    ``(G) the best methods to ensure the safe operation of civil 
                unmanned aircraft systems and public unmanned aircraft systems 
                simultaneously in the national airspace system; and
                    ``(H) incorporation of the plan into the annual NextGen 
                Implementation Plan document (or any successor document) of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Deadline.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall provide 
        for the safe integration of civil unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system as soon as practicable, but not later than 
        September 30, 2015.
            ``(4) Report to congress.--Not later than February 14, 2013, the 
        Secretary shall submit to Congress a copy of the plan required under 
        paragraph (1).
            ``(5) Roadmap.--Not later than February 14, 2013, the Secretary 
        shall approve and make available in print and on the Administration's 
        internet website a 5-year roadmap for the introduction of civil unmanned 
        aircraft systems into the national airspace system, as coordinated by 
        the Unmanned Aircraft Program Office of the Administration. The 
        Secretary shall update, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
        National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and relevant 
        stakeholders, including those in industry and academia, the roadmap 
        annually. The roadmap shall include, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) cost estimates, planned schedules, and performance 
                benchmarks, including specific tasks, milestones, and timelines, 
                for unmanned aircraft systems integration into the national 
                airspace system, including an identification of--
                            ``(i) the role of the unmanned aircraft systems test 
                        ranges established under subsection (c) and the Unmanned 
                        Aircraft Systems Center of Excellence;
                            ``(ii) performance objectives for unmanned aircraft 
                        systems that operate in the national airspace system; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) research and development priorities for 
                        tools that could assist air traffic controllers as 
                        unmanned aircraft systems are integrated into the 
                        national airspace system, as appropriate;
                    ``(B) a description of how the Administration plans to use 
                research and development, including research and development 
                conducted through NASA's Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic 
                Management initiatives, to accommodate, integrate, and provide 
                for the evolution of unmanned aircraft systems in the national 
                airspace system;
                    ``(C) an assessment of critical performance abilities 
                necessary to integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the 
                national airspace system, and how these performance abilities 
                can be demonstrated; and
                    ``(D) an update on the advancement of technologies needed to 
                integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace 
                system, including decisionmaking by adaptive systems, such as 
                sense-and-avoid capabilities and cyber physical systems 
                security.
    ``(b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 18 months after the date on which the plan 
required under subsection (a)(1) is submitted to Congress under subsection 
(a)(4), the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register--
            ``(1) a final rule on small unmanned aircraft systems that will 
        allow for civil operation of such systems in the national airspace 
        system, to the extent the systems do not meet the requirements for 
        expedited operational authorization under section 44807;
            ``(2) a notice of proposed rulemaking to implement the 
        recommendations of the plan required under subsection (a)(1), with the 
        final rule to be published not later than 16 months after the date of 
        publication of the notice; and
            ``(3) an update to the Administration's most recent policy statement 
        on unmanned aircraft systems, contained in Docket No. FAA-2006-25714.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of chapters.--The table of chapters for subtitle VII of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to chapter 447 the following:

``448 . Unmanned aircraft systems...........................   44801''.
            (2) Repeal.--Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the 
        table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.

SEC. 342. UPDATE OF FAA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall update the comprehensive plan 
described in section 44802 of title 49, United States Code, to develop a concept 
of operations for the integration of unmanned aircraft into the national 
airspace system.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the update under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) the potential use of UTM and other technologies to ensure the 
        safe and lawful operation of unmanned aircraft in the national airspace 
        system;
            (2) the appropriate roles, responsibilities, and authorities of 
        government agencies and the private sector in identifying and reporting 
        unlawful or harmful operations and operators of unmanned aircraft;
            (3) the use of models, threat assessments, probabilities, and other 
        methods to distinguish between lawful and unlawful operations of 
        unmanned aircraft; and
            (4) appropriate systems, training, intergovernmental processes, 
        protocols, and procedures to mitigate risks and hazards posed by 
        unlawful or harmful operations of unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Consultation.--The Secretary shall carry out the update under subsection 
(a) in consultation with representatives of the aviation industry, Federal 
agencies that employ unmanned aircraft systems technology in the national 
airspace system, and the unmanned aircraft systems industry.
    (d) Program Alignment Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress, a report that describes a strategy to--
            (1) avoid duplication;
            (2) leverage capabilities learned across programs;
            (3) support the safe integration of UAS into the national airspace; 
        and
            (4) systematically and timely implement or execute--
                    (A) commercially-operated Low Altitude Authorization and 
                Notification Capability;
                    (B) the Unmanned Aircraft System Integration Pilot Program; 
                and
                    (C) the Unmanned Traffic Management Pilot Program.

SEC. 343. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TEST RANGES.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44803. Unmanned aircraft test ranges
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall carry out and update, as appropriate, a program for the use of the test 
ranges to facilitate the safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the 
national airspace system.
    ``(b) Program Requirements.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) designate airspace for safely testing the integration of 
        unmanned flight operations in the national airspace system;
            ``(2) develop operational standards and air traffic requirements for 
        unmanned flight operations at test ranges;
            ``(3) coordinate with, and leverage the resources of, the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Department of Defense;
            ``(4) address both civil and public unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(5) ensure that the program is coordinated with relevant aspects 
        of the Next Generation Air Transportation System;
            ``(6) provide for verification of the safety of unmanned aircraft 
        systems and related navigation procedures as it relates to continued 
        development of standards for integration into the national airspace 
        system;
            ``(7) engage test range operators, as necessary and within available 
        resources, in projects for research, development, testing, and 
        evaluation of unmanned aircraft systems to facilitate the Federal 
        Aviation Administration's development of standards for the safe 
        integration of unmanned aircraft into the national airspace system, 
        which may include solutions for--
                    ``(A) developing and enforcing geographic and altitude 
                limitations;
                    ``(B) providing for alerts by the manufacturer of an 
                unmanned aircraft system regarding any hazards or limitations on 
                flight, including prohibition on flight as necessary;
                    ``(C) sense and avoid capabilities;
                    ``(D) beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, nighttime 
                operations, operations over people, operation of multiple small 
                unmanned aircraft systems, and unmanned aircraft systems traffic 
                management, or other critical research priorities; and
                    ``(E) improving privacy protections through the use of 
                advances in unmanned aircraft systems technology;
            ``(8) coordinate periodically with all test range operators to 
        ensure test range operators know which data should be collected, what 
        procedures should be followed, and what research would advance efforts 
        to safely integrate unmanned aircraft systems into the national airspace 
        system;
            ``(9) streamline to the extent practicable the approval process for 
        test ranges when processing unmanned aircraft certificates of waiver or 
        authorization for operations at the test sites;
            ``(10) require each test range operator to protect proprietary 
        technology, sensitive data, or sensitive research of any civil or 
        private entity when using that test range without the need to obtain an 
        experimental or special airworthiness certificate;
            ``(11) allow test range operators to receive Federal funding, other 
        than from the Federal Aviation Administration, including in-kind 
        contributions, from test range participants in the furtherance of 
        research, development, and testing objectives.
    ``(c) Waivers.--In carrying out this section the Administrator may waive the 
requirements of section 44711 of title 49, United States Code, including related 
regulations, to the extent consistent with aviation safety.
    ``(d) Review of Operations by Test Range Operators.--The operator of each 
test range under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) review the operations of unmanned aircraft systems conducted 
        at the test range, including--
                    ``(A) ongoing or completed research; and
                    ``(B) data regarding operations by private and public 
                operators; and
            ``(2) submit to the Administrator, in such form and manner as 
        specified by the Administrator, the results of the review, including 
        recommendations to further enable private research and development 
        operations at the test ranges that contribute to the Federal Aviation 
        Administration's safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the 
        national airspace system, on a quarterly basis until the program 
        terminates.
    ``(e) Testing.--The Secretary of Transportation may authorize an operator of 
a test range described in subsection (a) to administer testing requirements 
established by the Administrator for unmanned aircraft systems operations.
    ``(f) Collaborative Research and Development Agreements.--The Administrator 
may use the other transaction authority under section 106(l)(6) and enter into 
collaborative research and development agreements, to direct research related to 
unmanned aircraft systems, including at any test range under subsection (a), and 
in coordination with the Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
    ``(g) Use of Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--The 
Administrator, in carrying out research necessary to implement the consensus 
safety standards requirements in section 44805 shall, to the maximum extent 
practicable, leverage the research and testing capacity and capabilities of the 
Center of Excellence for Unmanned Aircraft Systems and the test ranges.
    ``(h) Termination.--The program under this section shall terminate on 
September 30, 2023.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``44803. Unmanned aircraft system test ranges.''.

SEC. 344. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN THE ARCTIC.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a plan and 
initiate a process to work with relevant Federal agencies and national and 
international communities to designate permanent areas in the Arctic where small 
unmanned aircraft may operate 24 hours per day for research and commercial 
purposes.
    ``(b) Plan Contents.--The plan under subsection (a) shall include the 
development of processes to facilitate the safe operation of small unmanned 
aircraft beyond the visual line of sight.
    ``(c) Requirements.--Each permanent area designated under subsection (a) 
shall enable over-water flights from the surface to at least 2,000 feet in 
altitude, with ingress and egress routes from selected coastal launch sites.
    ``(d) Agreements.--To implement the plan under subsection (a), the Secretary 
may enter into an agreement with relevant national and international 
communities.
    ``(e) Aircraft Approval.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than 1 year 
        after the entry into force of an agreement necessary to effectuate the 
        purposes of this section, the Secretary shall work with relevant 
        national and international communities to establish and implement a 
        process for approving the use of a small unmanned aircraft in the 
        designated permanent areas in the Arctic without regard to whether the 
        small unmanned aircraft is used as a public aircraft, a civil aircraft, 
        or a model aircraft.
            ``(2) Existing process.--The Secretary may implement an existing 
        process to meet the requirements under paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``44804. Small unmanned aircraft in the Arctic.''.

SEC. 345. SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44805. Small Unmanned aircraft safety standards
    ``(a) FAA Process for Acceptance and Authorization.--The Administrator of 
the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a process for--
            ``(1) accepting risk-based consensus safety standards related to the 
        design, production, and modification of small unmanned aircraft systems;
            ``(2) authorizing the operation of small unmanned aircraft system 
        make and model designed, produced, or modified in accordance with the 
        consensus safety standards accepted under paragraph (1);
            ``(3) authorizing a manufacturer to self-certify a small unmanned 
        aircraft system make or model that complies with consensus safety 
        standards accepted under paragraph (1); and
            ``(4) certifying a manufacturer of small unmanned aircraft systems, 
        or an employee of such manufacturer, that has demonstrated compliance 
        with the consensus safety standards accepted under paragraph (1) and met 
        any other qualifying criteria, as determined by the Administrator, to 
        alternatively satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Considerations.--Before accepting consensus safety standards under 
subsection (a), the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall 
consider the following:
            ``(1) Technologies or standards related to geographic limitations, 
        altitude limitations, and sense and avoid capabilities.
            ``(2) Using performance-based requirements.
            ``(3) Assessing varying levels of risk posed by different small 
        unmanned aircraft systems and their operation and tailoring performance-
        based requirements to appropriately mitigate risk.
            ``(4) Predetermined action to maintain safety in the event that a 
        communications link between a small unmanned aircraft and its operator 
        is lost or compromised.
            ``(5) Detectability and identifiability to pilots, the Federal 
        Aviation Administration, and air traffic controllers, as appropriate.
            ``(6) Means to prevent tampering with or modification of any system, 
        limitation, or other safety mechanism or standard under this section or 
        any other provision of law, including a means to identify any tampering 
        or modification that has been made.
            ``(7) Consensus identification standards under section 2202 of the 
        FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 
        Stat. 615).
            ``(8) To the extent not considered previously by the consensus body 
        that crafted consensus safety standards, cost-benefit and risk analyses 
        of consensus safety standards that may be accepted pursuant to 
        subsection (a) for newly designed small unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(9) Applicability of consensus safety standards to small unmanned 
        aircraft systems that are not manufactured commercially.
            ``(10) Any technology or standard related to small unmanned aircraft 
        systems that promotes aviation safety.
            ``(11) Any category of unmanned aircraft systems that should be 
        exempt from the consensus safety standards based on risk factors.
    ``(e) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--The process for authorizing the 
operation of small unmanned aircraft systems under subsection (a) may allow for 
operation of any applicable small unmanned aircraft systems within the national 
airspace system without requiring--
            ``(1) airworthiness certification requirements under section 44704 
        of this title; or
            ``(2) type certification under part 21 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations.
    ``(f) Revocation.--The Administrator may suspend or revoke the 
authorizations in subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that the 
manufacturer or the small unmanned aircraft system is no longer in compliance 
with the standards accepted by the Administrator under subsection (a)(1) or with 
the manufacturer's statement of compliance under subsection (h).
    ``(g) Requirements.--With regard to an authorization under the processes in 
subsection (a), the Administrator may require a manufacturer of small unmanned 
aircraft systems to provide the Federal Aviation Administration with the 
following:
            ``(1) The aircraft system's operating instructions.
            ``(2) The aircraft system's recommended maintenance and inspection 
        procedures.
            ``(3) The manufacturer's statement of compliance described in 
        subsection (h).
            ``(4) Upon request, a sample aircraft to be inspected by the Federal 
        Aviation Administration to ensure compliance with the consensus safety 
        standards accepted by the Administrator under subsection (a).
    ``(h) Manufacturer's Statement of Compliance for Small UAS.--A 
manufacturer's statement of compliance shall--
            ``(1) identify the aircraft make, model, range of serial numbers, 
        and any applicable consensus safety standards used and accepted by the 
        Administrator;
            ``(2) state that the aircraft make and model meets the provisions of 
        the consensus safety standards identified in paragraph (1);
            ``(3) state that the aircraft make and model conforms to the 
        manufacturer's design data and is manufactured in a way that ensures 
        consistency across units in the production process in order to meet the 
        applicable consensus safety standards accepted by the Administrator;
            ``(4) state that the manufacturer will make available to the 
        Administrator, operators, or customers--
                    ``(A) the aircraft's operating instructions, which conform 
                to the consensus safety standards identified in paragraph (1); 
                and
                    ``(B) the aircraft's recommended maintenance and inspection 
                procedures, which conform to the consensus safety standards 
                identified in paragraph (1);
            ``(5) state that the manufacturer will monitor safety-of-flight 
        issues and take action to ensure it meets the consensus safety standards 
        identified in paragraph (1) and report these issues and subsequent 
        actions to the Administrator;
            ``(6) state that at the request of the Administrator, the 
        manufacturer will provide reasonable access for the Administrator to its 
        facilities for the purposes of overseeing compliance with this section; 
        and
            ``(7) state that the manufacturer, in accordance with the consensus 
        safety standards accepted by the Federal Aviation Administration, has--
                    ``(A) ground and flight tested random samples of the 
                aircraft;
                    ``(B) found the sample aircraft performance acceptable; and
                    ``(C) determined that the make and model of aircraft is 
                suitable for safe operation.
    ``(i) Prohibitions.--
            ``(1) False statements of compliance.--It shall be unlawful for any 
        person to knowingly submit a statement of compliance described in 
        subsection (h) that is fraudulent or intentionally false.
            ``(2) Introduction into interstate commerce.--Unless the 
        Administrator determines operation of an unmanned aircraft system may be 
        conducted without an airworthiness certificate or permission, 
        authorization, or approval under subsection (a), it shall be unlawful 
        for any person to knowingly introduce or deliver for introduction into 
        interstate commerce any small unmanned aircraft system that is 
        manufactured after the date that the Administrator accepts consensus 
        safety standards under this section unless--
                    ``(A) the make and model has been authorized for operation 
                under subsection (a); or
                    ``(B) the aircraft has alternatively received design and 
                production approval issued by the Federal Aviation 
                Administration.
    ``(j) Exclusions.--The Administrator may exempt from the requirements of 
this section small unmanned aircraft systems that are not capable of navigating 
beyond the visual line of sight of the operator through advanced flight systems 
and technology, if the Administrator determines that such an exemption does not 
pose a risk to the safety of the national airspace system.''.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research Facility.--The Center of Excellence 
for Unmanned Aircraft Systems shall establish an unmanned aircraft systems 
research facility to study appropriate safety standards for unmanned aircraft 
systems and to validate such standards, as directed by the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration, consistent with section 44805 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this section.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``44805. Small unmanned aircraft safety standards.''.

SEC. 346. PUBLIC UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) Guidance.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue guidance 
regarding the operation of a public unmanned aircraft system--
            ``(1) to streamline and expedite the process for the issuance of a 
        certificate of authorization or a certificate of waiver;
            ``(2) to facilitate the capability of public agencies to develop and 
        use test ranges, subject to operating restrictions required by the 
        Federal Aviation Administration, to test and operate public unmanned 
        aircraft systems; and
            ``(3) to provide guidance on a public agency's responsibilities when 
        operating an unmanned aircraft without a civil airworthiness certificate 
        issued by the Administration.
    ``(b) Agreements With Government Agencies.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an agreement with 
        each appropriate public agency to simplify the process for issuing a 
        certificate of waiver or a certificate of authorization with respect to 
        an application for authorization to operate a public unmanned aircraft 
        system in the national airspace system.
            ``(2) Contents.--An agreement under paragraph (1) shall--
                    ``(A) with respect to an application described in paragraph 
                (1)--
                            ``(i) provide for an expedited review of the 
                        application;
                            ``(ii) require a decision by the Administrator on 
                        approval or disapproval not later than 60 business days 
                        after the date of submission of the application; and
                            ``(iii) allow for an expedited appeal if the 
                        application is disapproved;
                    ``(B) allow for a one-time approval of similar operations 
                carried out during a fixed period of time; and
                    ``(C) allow a government public safety agency to operate an 
                unmanned aircraft weighing 4.4 pounds or less if that unmanned 
                aircraft is operated--
                            ``(i) within or beyond the visual line of sight of 
                        the operator;
                            ``(ii) less than 400 feet above the ground;
                            ``(iii) during daylight conditions;
                            ``(iv) within Class G airspace; and
                            ``(v) outside of 5 statute miles from any airport, 
                        heliport, seaplane base, spaceport, or other location 
                        with aviation activities.
    ``(c) Public Actively Tethered Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration shall permit the use of, and may issue guidance 
        regarding, the use of public actively tethered unmanned aircraft systems 
        that are--
                    ``(A) operated at an altitude of less than 150 feet above 
                ground level;
                    ``(B) operated--
                            ``(i) within class G airspace; or
                            ``(ii) at or below the ceiling depicted on the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration's published UAS facility 
                        maps for class B, C, D, or E surface area airspace;
                    ``(C) not flown directly over non-participating persons;
                    ``(D) operated within visual line of sight of the operator; 
                and
                    ``(E) operated in a manner that does not interfere with and 
                gives way to any other aircraft.
            ``(2) Requirements.--Public actively tethered unmanned aircraft 
        systems may be operated --
                    ``(A) without any requirement to obtain a certificate of 
                authorization, certificate of waiver, or other approval by the 
                Federal Aviation Administration;
                    ``(B) without requiring airman certification under section 
                44703 of this title or any rule or regulation relating to airman 
                certification; and
                    ``(C) without requiring airworthiness certification under 
                section 44704 of this title or any rule or regulation relating 
                to aircraft certification.
            ``(3) Safety standards.--Public actively tethered unmanned aircraft 
        systems operated within the scope of the guidance issued pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall be exempt from the requirements of section 44805 of 
        this title.
            ``(4) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed to preclude the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration from issuing new regulations for public actively tethered 
        unmanned aircraft systems in order to ensure the safety of the national 
        airspace system.
    ``(d) Federal Agency Coordination to Enhance the Public Health and Safety 
Capabilities of Public Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--The Administrator shall 
assist Federal civilian Government agencies that operate unmanned aircraft 
systems within civil-controlled airspace, in operationally deploying and 
integrating sense and avoid capabilities, as necessary to operate unmanned 
aircraft systems safely within the national airspace system.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
        title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
        by adding at the end the following:

``44806. Public unmanned aircraft systems.''.
            (2) Public unmanned aircraft systems.--Section 334 of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item 
        relating to that section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of 
        that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.
            (3) Facilitating interagency cooperation.--Section 2204(a) of the 
        FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 
        Stat. 615) is amended by striking ``section 334(c) of the FAA 
        Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note)'' and 
        inserting ``section 44806 of title 49, United States Code''.

SEC. 347. SPECIAL AUTHORITY FOR CERTAIN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems
    ``(a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other requirement of this chapter, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall use a risk-based approach to determine if 
certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the national airspace 
system notwithstanding completion of the comprehensive plan and rulemaking 
required by section 44802 or the guidance required by section 44806.
    ``(b) Assessment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems.--In making the determination 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall determine, at a minimum--
            ``(1) which types of unmanned aircraft systems, if any, as a result 
        of their size, weight, speed, operational capability, proximity to 
        airports and populated areas, operation over people, and operation 
        within or beyond the visual line of sight, or operation during the day 
        or night, do not create a hazard to users of the national airspace 
        system or the public; and
            ``(2) whether a certificate under section 44703 or section 44704 of 
        this title, or a certificate of waiver or certificate of authorization, 
        is required for the operation of unmanned aircraft systems identified 
        under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
    ``(c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Secretary determines under 
this section that certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the 
national airspace system, the Secretary shall establish requirements for the 
safe operation of such aircraft systems in the national airspace system, 
including operation related to research, development, and testing of proprietary 
systems.
    ``(d) Sunset.--The authority under this section for the Secretary to 
determine if certain unmanned aircraft systems may operate safely in the 
national airspace system terminates effective September 30, 2023.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as 
        added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
        following:

``44807. Special authority for certain unmanned aircraft systems.''.
            (2) Special rules for certain unmanned aircraft systems.--Section 
        333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 
        note) and the item relating to that section in the table of contents 
        under section 1(b) of that Act (126 Stat. 13) are repealed.

SEC. 348. CARRIAGE OF PROPERTY BY SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS FOR 
              COMPENSATION OR HIRE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
              compensation or hire
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the 
FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall update existing regulations to authorize the carriage of 
property by operators of small unmanned aircraft systems for compensation or 
hire within the United States.
    ``(b) Contents.--Any rulemaking conducted under subsection (a) shall provide 
for the following:
            ``(1) Use performance-based requirements.
            ``(2) Consider varying levels of risk to other aircraft and to 
        persons and property on the ground posed by different unmanned aircraft 
        systems and their operation and tailor performance-based requirements to 
        appropriately mitigate risk.
            ``(3) Consider the unique characteristics of highly automated, small 
        unmanned aircraft systems.
            ``(4) Include requirements for the safe operation of small unmanned 
        aircraft systems that, at a minimum, address--
                    ``(A) airworthiness of small unmanned aircraft systems;
                    ``(B) qualifications for operators and the type and nature 
                of the operations;
                    ``(C) operating specifications governing the type and nature 
                of the unmanned aircraft system air carrier operations; and
                    ``(D) the views of State, local, and tribal officials 
                related to potential impacts of the carriage of property by 
                operators of small unmanned aircraft systems for compensation or 
                hire within the communities to be served.
            ``(5) Small uas.--The Secretary may amend part 298 of title 14, Code 
        of Federal Regulations, to update existing regulations to establish 
        economic authority for the carriage of property by small unmanned 
        aircraft systems for compensation or hire. Such authority shall only 
        require--
                    ``(A) registration with the Department of Transportation;
                    ``(B) authorization from the Federal Aviation Administration 
                to conduct operations; and
                    ``(C) compliance with chapters 401, 411, and 417.
            ``(6) Availability of current certification processes.--Pending 
        completion of the rulemaking required in subsection (a) of this section, 
        a person may seek an air carrier operating certificate and certificate 
        of public convenience and necessity, or an exemption from such 
        certificate, using existing processes.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``44808. Carriage of property by small unmanned aircraft systems for 
                            compensation or hire.''.

SEC. 349. EXCEPTION FOR LIMITED RECREATIONAL OPERATIONS OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned aircraft
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (e), and notwithstanding 
chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, a person may operate a small 
unmanned aircraft without specific certification or operating authority from the 
Federal Aviation Administration if the operation adheres to all of the following 
limitations:
            ``(1) The aircraft is flown strictly for recreational purposes.
            ``(2) The aircraft is operated in accordance with or within the 
        programming of a community-based organization's set of safety guidelines 
        that are developed in coordination with the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            ``(3) The aircraft is flown within the visual line of sight of the 
        person operating the aircraft or a visual observer co-located and in 
        direct communication with the operator.
            ``(4) The aircraft is operated in a manner that does not interfere 
        with and gives way to any manned aircraft.
            ``(5) In Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace or within the lateral 
        boundaries of the surface area of Class E airspace designated for an 
        airport, the operator obtains prior authorization from the Administrator 
        or designee before operating and complies with all airspace restrictions 
        and prohibitions.
            ``(6) In Class G airspace, the aircraft is flown from the surface to 
        not more than 400 feet above ground level and complies with all airspace 
        restrictions and prohibitions.
            ``(7) The operator has passed an aeronautical knowledge and safety 
        test described in subsection (g) and maintains proof of test passage to 
        be made available to the Administrator or law enforcement upon request.
            ``(8) The aircraft is registered and marked in accordance with 
        chapter 441 of this title and proof of registration is made available to 
        the Administrator or a designee of the Administrator or law enforcement 
        upon request.
    ``(b) Other Operations.--Unmanned aircraft operations that do not conform to 
the limitations in subsection (a) must comply with all statutes and regulations 
generally applicable to unmanned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems.
    ``(c) Operations at Fixed Sites.--
            ``(1) Operating procedure required.--Persons operating unmanned 
        aircraft under subsection (a) from a fixed site within Class B, Class C, 
        or Class D airspace or within the lateral boundaries of the surface area 
        of Class E airspace designated for an airport, or a community-based 
        organization conducting a sanctioned event within such airspace, shall 
        make the location of the fixed site known to the Administrator and shall 
        establish a mutually agreed upon operating procedure with the air 
        traffic control facility.
            ``(2) Unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds.--A person may 
        operate an unmanned aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds, including the 
        weight of anything attached to or carried by the aircraft, under 
        subsection (a) if--
                    ``(A) the unmanned aircraft complies with standards and 
                limitations developed by a community-based organization and 
                approved by the Administrator; and
                    ``(B) the aircraft is operated from a fixed site as 
                described in paragraph (1).
    ``(d) Updates.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        government, stakeholders, and community-based organizations, shall 
        initiate a process to periodically update the operational parameters 
        under subsection (a), as appropriate.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In updating an operational parameter under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    ``(A) appropriate operational limitations to mitigate risks 
                to aviation safety and national security, including risk to the 
                uninvolved public and critical infrastructure;
                    ``(B) operations outside the membership, guidelines, and 
                programming of a community-based organization;
                    ``(C) physical characteristics, technical standards, and 
                classes of aircraft operating under this section;
                    ``(D) trends in use, enforcement, or incidents involving 
                unmanned aircraft systems;
                    ``(E) ensuring, to the greatest extent practicable, that 
                updates to the operational parameters correspond to, and 
                leverage, advances in technology; and
                    ``(F) equipage requirements that facilitate safe, efficient, 
                and secure operations and further integrate all unmanned 
                aircraft into the national airspace system.
            ``(3) Savings clause.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed 
        as expanding the authority of the Administrator to require a person 
        operating an unmanned aircraft under this section to seek permissive 
        authority of the Administrator, beyond that required in subsection (a) 
        of this section, prior to operation in the national airspace system.
    ``(e) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an enforcement action against 
a person operating any unmanned aircraft who endangers the safety of the 
national airspace system.
    ``(f) Exceptions.--Nothing in this section prohibits the Administrator from 
promulgating rules generally applicable to unmanned aircraft, including those 
unmanned aircraft eligible for the exception set forth in this section, relating 
to--
            ``(1) updates to the operational parameters for unmanned aircraft in 
        subsection (a);
            ``(2) the registration and marking of unmanned aircraft;
            ``(3) the standards for remotely identifying owners and operators of 
        unmanned aircraft systems and associated unmanned aircraft; and
            ``(4) other standards consistent with maintaining the safety and 
        security of the national airspace system.
    ``(g) Aeronautical Knowledge and Safety Test.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Administrator, in consultation with 
        manufacturers of unmanned aircraft systems, other industry stakeholders, 
        and community-based organizations, shall develop an aeronautical 
        knowledge and safety test, which can then be administered electronically 
        by the Administrator, a community-based organization, or a person 
        designated by the Administrator.
            ``(2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall ensure the aeronautical 
        knowledge and safety test is designed to adequately demonstrate an 
        operator's--
                    ``(A) understanding of aeronautical safety knowledge; and
                    ``(B) knowledge of Federal Aviation Administration 
                regulations and requirements pertaining to the operation of an 
                unmanned aircraft system in the national airspace system.
    ``(h) Community-based Organization Defined.--In this section, the term 
`community-based organization' means a membership-based association entity 
that--
            ``(1) is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code 
        of 1986;
            ``(2) is exempt from tax under section 501(a) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986;
            ``(3) the mission of which is demonstrably the furtherance of model 
        aviation;
            ``(4) provides a comprehensive set of safety guidelines for all 
        aspects of model aviation addressing the assembly and operation of model 
        aircraft and that emphasize safe aeromodelling operations within the 
        national airspace system and the protection and safety of individuals 
        and property on the ground, and may provide a comprehensive set of 
        safety rules and programming for the operation of unmanned aircraft that 
        have the advanced flight capabilities enabling active, sustained, and 
        controlled navigation of the aircraft beyond visual line of sight of the 
        operator;
            ``(5) provides programming and support for any local charter 
        organizations, affiliates, or clubs; and
            ``(6) provides assistance and support in the development and 
        operation of locally designated model aircraft flying sites.
    ``(i) Recognition of Community-based Organizations.--In collaboration with 
aeromodelling stakeholders, the Administrator shall publish an advisory circular 
within 180 days of the date of enactment of this section that identifies the 
criteria and process required for recognition of community-based 
organizations.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448 of 
        title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, is further amended 
        by adding at the end the following:

``44809. Exception for limited recreational operations of unmanned 
                            aircraft.''.
            (2) Repeal.--Section 336 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item relating to that section in the 
        table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are repealed.

SEC. 350. USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AT INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

    (a) Educational and Research Purposes.--For the purposes of section 44809 of 
title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, a ``recreational purpose'' 
as distinguished in subsection (a)(1) of such section shall include an unmanned 
aircraft system operated by an institution of higher education for educational 
or research purposes.
    (b) Updates.--In updating an operational parameter under subsection (d)(1) 
of such section for unmanned aircraft systems operated by an institution of 
higher education for educational or research purposes, the Administrator shall 
consider--
            (1) use of small unmanned aircraft systems and operations at an 
        accredited institution of higher education, for educational or research 
        purposes, as a component of the institution's curricula or research;
            (2) the development of streamlined, risk-based operational approval 
        for unmanned aircraft systems operated by institutions of higher 
        education; and
            (3) the airspace and aircraft operators that may be affected by such 
        operations at the institution of higher education.
    (c) Deadline for Establishment of Procedures and Standards.--Not later than 
270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration may establish regulations, procedures, and 
standards, as necessary, to facilitate the safe operation of unmanned aircraft 
systems operated by institutions of higher education for educational or research 
purposes.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Institution of higher education.--The term ``institution of 
        higher education'' has the meaning given to that term by section 101(a) 
        of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a)).
            (2) Educational or research purposes.--The term ``education or 
        research purposes'', with respect to the operation of an unmanned 
        aircraft system by an institution of higher education, includes--
                    (A) instruction of students at the institution;
                    (B) academic or research related uses of unmanned aircraft 
                systems that have been approved by the institution, including 
                Federal research;
                    (C) activities undertaken by the institution as part of 
                research projects, including research projects sponsored by the 
                Federal Government; and
                    (D) other academic activities approved by the institution.
    (e) Statutory Construction.--
            (1) Enforcement.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
        limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an enforcement action 
        against a person operating any unmanned aircraft who endangers the 
        safety of the national airspace system.
            (2) Regulations and standards.--Nothing in this section prohibits 
        the Administrator from promulgating any rules or standards consistent 
        with maintaining the safety and security of the national airspace 
        system.

SEC. 351. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTEGRATION PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) Authority.--The Secretary of Transportation may establish a pilot 
program to enable enhanced drone operations as required in the October 25, 2017 
Presidential Memorandum entitled ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot 
Program'' and described in 82 Federal Register 50301.
    (b) Applications.--The Secretary shall accept applications from State, 
local, and Tribal governments, in partnership with unmanned aircraft system 
operators and other private-sector stakeholders, to test and evaluate the 
integration of civil and public UAS operations into the low-altitude national 
airspace system.
    (c) Objectives.--The purpose of the pilot program is to accelerate existing 
UAS integration plans by working to solve technical, regulatory, and policy 
challenges, while enabling advanced UAS operations in select areas subject to 
ongoing safety oversight and cooperation between the Federal Government and 
applicable State, local, or Tribal jurisdictions, in order to--
            (1) accelerate the safe integration of UAS into the NAS by testing 
        and validating new concepts of beyond visual line of sight operations in 
        a controlled environment, focusing on detect and avoid technologies, 
        command and control links, navigation, weather, and human factors;
            (2) address ongoing concerns regarding the potential security and 
        safety risks associated with UAS operating in close proximity to human 
        beings and critical infrastructure by ensuring that operators 
        communicate more effectively with Federal, State, local, and Tribal law 
        enforcement to enable law enforcement to determine if a UAS operation 
        poses such a risk;
            (3) promote innovation in and development of the United States 
        unmanned aviation industry, especially in sectors such as agriculture, 
        emergency management, inspection, and transportation safety, in which 
        there are significant public benefits to be gained from the deployment 
        of UAS; and
            (4) identify the most effective models of balancing local and 
        national interests in UAS integration.
    (d) Application Submission.--The Secretary shall establish application 
requirements and require applicants to include the following information:
            (1) Identification of the airspace to be used, including shape files 
        and altitudes.
            (2) Description of the types of planned operations.
            (3) Identification of stakeholder partners to test and evaluate 
        planned operations.
            (4) Identification of available infrastructure to support planned 
        operations.
            (5) Description of experience with UAS operations and regulations.
            (6) Description of existing UAS operator and any other stakeholder 
        partnerships and experience.
            (7) Description of plans to address safety, security, competition, 
        privacy concerns, and community outreach.
    (e) Monitoring and Enforcement of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Monitoring and enforcement of any limitations 
        enacted pursuant to this pilot project shall be the responsibility of 
        the jurisdiction.
            (2) Savings provision.--Nothing in paragraph (1) may be construed to 
        prevent the Secretary from enforcing Federal law.
            (3) Examples of limitations.--Limitations under this section may 
        include--
                    (A) prohibiting flight during specified morning and evening 
                rush hours or only permitting flight during specified hours such 
                as daylight hours, sufficient to ensure reasonable airspace 
                access;
                    (B) establishing designated take-off and landing zones, 
                limiting operations over moving locations or fixed site public 
                road and parks, sidewalks or private property based on zoning 
                density, or other land use considerations;
                    (C) requiring notice to public safety or zoning or land use 
                authorities before operating; and
                    (D) prohibiting operations in connection with community or 
                sporting events that do not remain in one place (for example, 
                parades and running events).
    (f) Selection Criteria.--In making determinations, the Secretary shall 
evaluate whether applications meet or exceed the following criteria:
            (1) Overall economic, geographic, and climatic diversity of the 
        selected jurisdictions.
            (2) Overall diversity of the proposed models of government 
        involvement.
            (3) Overall diversity of the UAS operations to be conducted.
            (4) The location of critical infrastructure.
            (5) The involvement of commercial entities in the proposal and their 
        ability to advance objectives that may serve the public interest as a 
        result of further integration of UAS into the NAS.
            (6) The involvement of affected communities in, and their support 
        for, participating in the pilot program.
            (7) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators involved in 
        the proposal to comply with requirements related to national defense, 
        homeland security, and public safety and to address competition, 
        privacy, and civil liberties concerns.
            (8) The commitment of the governments and UAS operators involved in 
        the proposal to achieve the following policy objectives:
                    (A) Promoting innovation and economic development.
                    (B) Enhancing transportation safety.
                    (C) Enhancing workplace safety.
                    (D) Improving emergency response and search and rescue 
                functions.
                    (E) Using radio spectrum efficiently and competitively.
    (g) Implementation.--The Secretary shall use the data collected and 
experience gained over the course of this pilot program to--
            (1) identify and resolve technical challenges to UAS integration;
            (2) address airspace use to safely and efficiently integrate all 
        aircraft;
            (3) inform operational standards and procedures to improve safety 
        (for example, detect and avoid capabilities, navigation and altitude 
        performance, and command and control link);
            (4) inform FAA standards that reduce the need for waivers (for 
        example, for operations over human beings, night operations, and beyond 
        visual line of sight); and
            (5) address competing interests regarding UAS operational expansion, 
        safety, security, roles and responsibilities of non-Federal Government 
        entities, and privacy issues.
    (h) Notification.--Prior to initiating any additional rounds of agreements 
with State, local, or Tribal governments as part of the pilot program 
established under subsection (a), the Secretary shall notify the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Appropriations of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation and the Committee on Appropriations in the Senate.
    (i) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) shall 
terminate 3 years after the date on which the memorandum referenced in 
subsection (a) is signed by the President.
    (j) Savings Clause.-- Nothing in this section shall affect any proposals, 
selections, imposition of conditions, operations, or other decisions made--
            (1) under the pilot program developed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation pursuant to the Presidential memorandum titled ``Unmanned 
        Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'', as published in the 
        Federal Register on October 30, 2017 (82 Fed. Reg. 50301); and
            (2) prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
    (k) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) The term ``Lead Applicant'' means an eligible State, local or 
        Tribal government that has submitted a timely application.
            (2) The term ``NAS'' means the low-altitude national airspace 
        system.
            (3) The term ``UAS'' means unmanned aircraft system.

SEC. 352. PART 107 TRANSPARENCY AND TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Transparency.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall publish on the FAA website a representative 
sample of the safety justifications, offered by applicants for small unmanned 
aircraft system waivers and airspace authorizations, that have been approved by 
the Administration for each regulation waived or class of airspace authorized, 
except that any published justification shall not reveal proprietary or 
commercially sensitive information.
    (b) Technology Improvements.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the online waiver and 
certificates of authorization processes--
            (1) to provide real time confirmation that an application filed 
        online has been received by the Administration; and
            (2) to provide an applicant with an opportunity to review the status 
        of the applicant's application.

SEC. 353. EMERGENCY EXEMPTION PROCESS.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the use of unmanned 
aircraft systems by civil and public operators--
            (1) is an increasingly important tool in response to a catastrophe, 
        disaster, or other emergency;
            (2) helps facilitate emergency response operations, such as 
        firefighting and search and rescue; and
            (3) helps facilitate post-catastrophic response operations, such as 
        utility and infrastructure restoration efforts and the safe and prompt 
        processing, adjustment, and payment of insurance claims.
    (b) Updates.--The Administrator shall, as necessary, update and improve the 
Special Government Interest process described in chapter 7 of Federal Aviation 
Administration Order JO 7200.23A to ensure that civil and public operators, 
including local law enforcement agencies and first responders, continue to use 
unmanned aircraft system operations quickly and efficiently in response to a 
catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency.
    (c) Best Practices.--The Administrator shall develop best practices for the 
use of unmanned aircraft systems by States and localities to respond to a 
catastrophe, disaster, or other emergency response and recovery operation.

SEC. 354. TREATMENT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATING UNDERGROUND.

    An unmanned aircraft system that is operated underground for mining purposes 
shall not be subject to regulation or enforcement by the FAA under title 49, 
United States Code.

SEC. 355. PUBLIC UAS OPERATIONS BY TRIBAL GOVERNMENTS.

    (a) Public UAS Operations by Tribal Governments.--Section 40102(a)(41) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) An unmanned aircraft that is owned and operated by, or 
                exclusively leased for at least 90 continuous days by, an Indian 
                Tribal government, as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. 
                Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
                5122), except as provided in section 40125(b).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 40125(b) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ``or (D)'' and inserting ``(D), or (F)''.

SEC. 356. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR KNOW BEFORE YOU FLY CAMPAIGN.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023, 
out of funds made available under section 106(k), for the Know Before You Fly 
educational campaign or similar public informational efforts intended to broaden 
unmanned aircraft systems safety awareness.

SEC. 357. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS PRIVACY POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States that the operation of any unmanned 
aircraft or unmanned aircraft system shall be carried out in a manner that 
respects and protects personal privacy consistent with the United States 
Constitution and Federal, State, and local law.

SEC. 358. UAS PRIVACY REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--The Comptroller General of the United States, in consideration 
of relevant efforts led by the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration, shall carry out a review of the privacy issues and concerns 
associated with the operation of unmanned aircraft systems in the national 
airspace system.
    (b) Consultation.--In carrying out the review, the Comptroller General 
shall--
            (1) consult with the Department of Transportation and the National 
        Telecommunications and Information Administration of the Department of 
        Commerce on its ongoing efforts responsive to the Presidential 
        memorandum titled ``Promoting Economic Competitiveness While 
        Safeguarding Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties in Domestic Use 
        of Unmanned Aircraft Systems'' and dated February 15, 2015;
            (2) examine and identify the existing Federal, State, or relevant 
        local laws that address an individual's personal privacy;
            (3) identify specific issues and concerns that may limit the 
        availability of civil or criminal legal remedies regarding inappropriate 
        operation of unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace system;
            (4) identify any deficiencies in Federal, State, or local privacy 
        protections; and
            (5) provide recommendations to address any limitations and 
        deficiencies identified in paragraphs (3) and (4).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the review required under subsection (a).

SEC. 359. STUDY ON FIRE DEPARTMENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICE AGENCY USE OF UNMANNED 
              AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct a study on the use 
        of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency service 
        agencies. Such study shall include an analysis of--
                    (A) how fire departments and emergency service agencies 
                currently use unmanned aircraft systems;
                    (B) obstacles to greater use of unmanned aircraft systems by 
                fire departments and emergency service agencies;
                    (C) the best way to provide outreach to support greater use 
                of unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
                service agencies;
                    (D) laws or regulations that present barriers to career, 
                combination, and volunteer fire departments' ability to use 
                unmanned aircraft systems;
                    (E) training and certifications required for the use of 
                unmanned aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency 
                service agencies;
                    (F) airspace limitations and concerns in the use of unmanned 
                aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency service 
                agencies;
                    (G) roles of unmanned aircraft systems in the provision of 
                fire and emergency services;
                    (H) technological challenges to greater adoption of unmanned 
                aircraft systems by fire departments and emergency service 
                agencies; and
                    (I) other issues determined appropriate by the 
                Administrator.
            (2) Consultation.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall consult with national fire and emergency service 
        organizations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the study conducted under subsection (a), including the 
Administrator's findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

SEC. 360. STUDY ON FINANCING OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a study on 
appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the costs of--
            (1) the regulation and safety oversight of unmanned aircraft and 
        unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) the provision of air navigation services to unmanned aircraft 
        and unmanned aircraft systems.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the study, the Comptroller General 
shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) any recommendations of Task Group 3 of the Drone Advisory 
        Committee chartered by the Federal Aviation Administration on August 31, 
        2016;
            (2) the total annual costs incurred by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration for the regulation and safety oversight of activities 
        related to unmanned aircraft;
            (3) the annual costs attributable to various types, classes, and 
        categories of unmanned aircraft activities;
            (4) air traffic services provided to unmanned aircraft operating 
        under instrument flight rules, excluding public aircraft;
            (5) the number of full-time Federal Aviation Administration 
        employees dedicated to unmanned aircraft programs;
            (6) the use of privately operated UTM and other privately operated 
        unmanned aircraft systems;
            (7) the projected growth of unmanned aircraft operations for various 
        applications and the estimated need for regulation, oversight, and other 
        services;
            (8) the number of small businesses involved in the various sectors 
        of the unmanned aircraft industry and operating as primary users of 
        unmanned aircraft; and
            (9) any best practices or policies utilized by jurisdictions outside 
        the United States relating to partial or total recovery of regulation 
        and safety oversight costs related to unmanned aircraft and other 
        emergent technologies.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating the study, 
the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report containing recommendations on appropriate fee mechanisms to recover the 
costs of regulating and providing air navigation services to unmanned aircraft 
and unmanned aircraft systems.

SEC. 361. REPORT ON UAS AND CHEMICAL AERIAL APPLICATION.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
evaluating which aviation safety requirements under part 137 of title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations, should apply to unmanned aircraft system operations 
engaged in aerial spraying of chemicals for agricultural purposes.

SEC. 362. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SAFETY.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the unauthorized operation of unmanned aircraft near airports 
        presents a serious hazard to aviation safety;
            (2) a collision between an unmanned aircraft and a conventional 
        aircraft in flight could jeopardize the safety of persons aboard the 
        aircraft and on the ground;
            (3) Federal aviation regulations, including sections 91.126 through 
        91.131 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit unauthorized 
        operation of an aircraft in controlled airspace near an airport;
            (4) Federal aviation regulations, including section 91.13 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations, prohibit the operation of an aircraft 
        in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property 
        of another;
            (5) the Administrator should pursue all available civil and 
        administrative remedies available to the Administrator, including 
        referrals to other government agencies for criminal investigations, with 
        respect to persons who operate unmanned aircraft in an unauthorized 
        manner;
            (6) the Administrator should--
                    (A) place particular priority in continuing measures, 
                including partnering with nongovernmental organizations and 
                State and local agencies, to educate the public about the 
                dangers to public safety of operating unmanned aircraft over 
                areas that have temporary flight restrictions in place, for 
                purposes such as wildfires, without appropriate authorization; 
                and
                    (B) partner with State and local agencies to effectively 
                enforce relevant laws so that unmanned aircrafts do not 
                interfere with the efforts of emergency responders;
            (7) the Administrator should place particular priority on continuing 
        measures, including partnerships with nongovernmental organizations, to 
        educate the public about the dangers to the public safety of operating 
        unmanned aircraft near airports without the appropriate approvals or 
        authorizations; and
            (8) manufacturers and retail sellers of small unmanned aircraft 
        systems should take steps to educate consumers about the safe and lawful 
        operation of such systems.

SEC. 363. PROHIBITION REGARDING WEAPONS.

    (a) In General.--Unless authorized by the Administrator, a person may not 
operate an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system that is equipped or 
armed with a dangerous weapon.
    (b) Dangerous Weapon Defined.--In this section, the term ``dangerous 
weapon'' has the meaning given that term in section 930(g)(2) of title 18, 
United States Code.
    (c) Penalty.--A person who violates this section is liable to the United 
States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $25,000 for each 
violation.

SEC. 364. U.S. COUNTER-UAS SYSTEM REVIEW OF INTERAGENCY COORDINATION PROCESSES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after that date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in consultation with government agencies currently 
authorized to operate Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System (C-UAS) systems within 
the United States (including the territories and possessions of the United 
States), shall initiate a review of the following:
            (1) The process the Administration is using for interagency 
        coordination of C-UAS activity pursuant to a relevant Federal statute 
        authorizing such activity within the United States (including the 
        territories and possessions of the United States).
            (2) The standards the Administration is utilizing for operation of a 
        C-UAS systems pursuant to a relevant Federal statute authorizing such 
        activity within the United States (including the territories and 
        possessions of the United States), including whether the following 
        criteria are being taken into consideration in the development of the 
        standards:
                    (A) Safety of the national airspace.
                    (B) Protecting individuals and property on the ground.
                    (C) Non-interference with avionics of manned aircraft, and 
                unmanned aircraft, operating legally in the national airspace.
                    (D) Non-interference with air traffic control systems.
                    (E) Adequate coordination procedures and protocols with the 
                Federal Aviation Administration during the operation of C-UAS 
                systems.
                    (F) Adequate training for personnel operating C-UAS systems.
                    (G) Assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
                coordination and review processes to ensure national airspace 
                safety while minimizing bureaucracy.
                    (H) Best practices for the consistent operation of C-UAS 
                systems to the maximum extent practicable.
                    (I) Current airspace authorization information shared by 
                automated approval processes for airspace authorizations, such 
                as the Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability.
                    (J) Such other matters the Administrator considers necessary 
                for the safe and lawful operation of C-UAS systems.
            (3) Similar interagency coordination processes already used for 
        other matters that may be used as a model for improving the interagency 
        coordination for the usage of C-UAS systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date upon which the review in 
subsection (a) is initiated, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee 
on Armed Services of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation in the Senate, and the Committee on Armed 
Services of the Senate, a report on the Administration's activities related to 
C-UAS systems, including--
            (1) any coordination with Federal agencies and States, subdivisions 
        and States, political authorities of at least 2 States that operate C-
        UAS systems;
            (2) an assessment of the standards being utilized for the operation 
        of a counter-UAS systems within the United States (including the 
        territories and possessions of the United States);
            (3) an assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of the 
        interagency coordination and review processes to ensure national 
        airspace safety while minimizing bureaucracy; and
            (4) a review of any additional authorities needed by the Federal 
        Aviation Administration to effectively oversee the management of C-UAS 
        systems within the United States (including the territories and 
        possessions of the United States).

SEC. 365. COOPERATION RELATED TO CERTAIN COUNTER-UAS TECHNOLOGY.

    In matters relating to the use of systems in the national airspace system 
intended to mitigate threats posed by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system 
operations, the Secretary of Transportation shall consult with the Secretary of 
Defense to streamline deployment of such systems by drawing upon the expertise 
and experience of the Department of Defense in acquiring and operating such 
systems consistent with the safe and efficient operation of the national 
airspace system.

SEC. 366. STRATEGY FOR RESPONDING TO PUBLIC SAFETY THREATS AND ENFORCEMENT 
              UTILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall develop a 
comprehensive strategy to provide outreach to State and local governments and 
provide guidance for local law enforcement agencies and first responders with 
respect to--
            (1) how to identify and respond to public safety threats posed by 
        unmanned aircraft systems; and
            (2) how to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use 
        unmanned aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law 
        enforcement agencies and first responders.
    (b) Resources.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall establish a publicly available Internet website 
that contains resources for State and local law enforcement agencies and first 
responders seeking--
            (1) to respond to public safety threats posed by unmanned aircraft 
        systems; and
            (2) to identify and take advantage of opportunities to use unmanned 
        aircraft systems to enhance the effectiveness of local law enforcement 
        agencies and public safety response efforts.
    (c) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term ``unmanned 
aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term in section 44801 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act.

SEC. 367. INCORPORATION OF FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OCCUPATIONS RELATING 
              TO UNMANNED AIRCRAFT INTO VETERANS EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS OF THE 
              ADMINISTRATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of 
Labor, shall determine whether occupations of the Administration relating to 
unmanned aircraft systems technology and regulations can be incorporated into 
the Veterans' Employment Program of the Administration, particularly in the 
interaction between such program and the New Sights Work Experience Program and 
the Vet-Link Cooperative Education Program.

SEC. 368. PUBLIC UAS ACCESS TO SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall issue guidance for the expedited and timely 
access to special use airspace for public unmanned aircraft systems in order to 
assist Federal, State, local, or tribal law enforcement organizations in 
conducting law enforcement, emergency response, or for other activities.

SEC. 369. APPLICATIONS FOR DESIGNATION.

    Section 2209 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public 
Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(i), by striking ``and distribution 
        facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``distribution facilities and 
        equipment, and railroad facilities''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Deadlines.--
            ``(1) Not later than March 31, 2019, the Administrator shall publish 
        a notice of proposed rulemaking to carry out the requirements of this 
        section.
            ``(2) Not later than 12 months after publishing the notice of 
        proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall issue a 
        final rule.''.

SEC. 370. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ADDITIONAL RULEMAKING AUTHORITY.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) beyond visual line of sight operations, nighttime operations, 
        and operations over people of unmanned aircraft systems have tremendous 
        potential--
                    (A) to enhance both commercial and academic use;
                    (B) to spur economic growth and development through 
                innovative applications of this emerging technology; and
                    (C) to improve emergency response efforts as it relates to 
                assessing damage to critical infrastructure such as roads, 
                bridges, and utilities, including water and power, ultimately 
                speeding response time;
            (2) advancements in miniaturization of safety technologies, 
        including for aircraft weighing under 4.4 pounds, have increased 
        economic opportunities for using unmanned aircraft systems while 
        reducing kinetic energy and risk compared to unmanned aircraft that may 
        weigh 4.4 pounds or more, but less than 55 pounds;
            (3) advancements in unmanned technology will have the capacity to 
        ultimately improve manned aircraft safety; and
            (4) integrating unmanned aircraft systems safely into the national 
        airspace, including beyond visual line of sight operations, nighttime 
        operations on a routine basis, and operations over people should remain 
        a top priority for the Federal Aviation Administration as it pursues 
        additional rulemakings under the amendments made by this section.

SEC. 371. ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION FOR SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) Evaluation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall enter into an agreement with the 
National Academy of Public Administration, to estimate and assess compliance 
with and the effectiveness of the registration of small unmanned aircraft 
systems by the Federal Aviation Administration pursuant to the interim final 
rule issued on December 16, 2015, titled ``Registration and Marking Requirements 
for Small Unmanned Aircraft'' (80 Fed. Reg. 78593).
    (b) Metrics.--Upon receiving the assessment, the Secretary shall, to the 
extent practicable, develop metrics to measure compliance with the interim final 
rule described in subsection (a), and any subsequent final rule, including 
metrics with respect to--
            (1) the levels of compliance with the interim final rule and any 
        subsequent final rule;
            (2) the number of enforcement actions taken by the Administration 
        for violations of or noncompliance with the interim final rule and any 
        subsequent final rule, together with a description of the actions; and
            (3) the effect of the interim final rule and any subsequent final 
        rule on compliance with any fees associated with the use of small 
        unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report containing--
            (1) the results of the assessment required under subsection (a);
            (2) the metrics required under subsection (b) and how the Secretary 
        will track these metrics; and
            (3) recommendations to Congress for improvements to the registration 
        process for small unmanned aircraft, if necessary.

SEC. 372. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) UAS Safety Enforcement.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall establish a pilot program to utilize available remote 
detection or identification technologies for safety oversight, including 
enforcement actions against operators of unmanned aircraft systems that are not 
in compliance with applicable Federal aviation laws, including regulations.
    (b) Reporting.--As part of the pilot program, the Administrator shall 
establish and publicize a mechanism for the public and Federal, State, and local 
law enforcement to report suspected operation of unmanned aircraft in violation 
of applicable Federal laws and regulations.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, and annually thereafter through the 
duration of the pilot program established in subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
following:
            (1) The number of unauthorized unmanned aircraft operations detected 
        in restricted airspace, including in and around airports, together with 
        a description of such operations.
            (2) The number of enforcement cases brought by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration or other Federal agencies for unauthorized operation of 
        unmanned aircraft detected through the program, together with a 
        description of such cases.
            (3) Recommendations for safety and operational standards for 
        unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation systems.
            (4) Recommendations for any legislative or regulatory changes 
        related to mitigation or detection or identification of unmanned 
        aircraft systems.
    (d) Sunset.--The pilot program established in subsection (a) shall terminate 
on September 30, 2023.
    (e) Civil Penalties.--Section 46301 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)(A), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after 
        ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),'';
            (2) in subsection (a)(5)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after 
        ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717-44723),'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(2), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after 
        ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''; and
            (4) in subsection (f)(1)(A)(i), by inserting ``chapter 448,'' after 
        ``chapter 447 (except sections 44717 and 44719-44723),''.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
limit the authority of the Administrator to pursue an enforcement action for a 
violation of this subtitle or any other applicable provision of aviation safety 
law or regulation using remote detection or identification or other technology 
following the sunset of the pilot program.

SEC. 373. FEDERAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct a study on the relative roles of the Federal Government, 
        State, local and Tribal governments in the regulation and oversight of 
        low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft systems in the national 
        airspace system; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        study, including the Comptroller General's findings and conclusions.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall review the following:
            (1) The current state of the law with respect to Federal authority 
        over low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft systems in the 
        national airspace system.
            (2) The current state of the law with respect to State, local, and 
        Tribal authority over low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft 
        systems in the national airspace system.
            (3) Potential gaps between authorities under paragraphs (1) and (2).
            (4) The degree of regulatory consistency required among the Federal 
        Government, State governments, local governments, and Tribal governments 
        for the safe and financially viable growth and development of the 
        unmanned aircraft industry.
            (5) The interests of Federal, State, local, and Tribal governments 
        affected by low-altitude operations of unmanned aircraft systems and the 
        authorities of those governments to protect such interests.
            (6) The infrastructure requirements necessary for monitoring the 
        low-altitude operations of small unmanned aircraft and enforcing 
        applicable laws.

SEC. 374. SPECTRUM.

    (a) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and after consultation with relevant stakeholders, the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration, the National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration, and the Federal Communications Commission, shall submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, and the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report--
            (1) on whether unmanned aircraft systems operations should be 
        permitted, but not required, to operate on spectrum that was recommended 
        for allocation for AM(R)S and control links for UAS by the World Radio 
        Conferences in 2007 (L-band, 960-1164 MHz) and 2012 (C-band, 5030-5091 
        MHz), on an unlicensed, shared, or exclusive basis, for operations 
        within the UTM system or outside of such a system;
            (2) that addresses any technological, statutory, regulatory, and 
        operational barriers to the use of such spectrum; and
            (3) that, if it is determined that some spectrum frequencies are not 
        suitable for beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations by unmanned aircraft 
        systems, includes recommendations of other spectrum frequencies that may 
        be appropriate for such operations.
    (b) No Effect on Other Spectrum.--The report required under subsection (a) 
does not prohibit or delay use of any licensed spectrum to satisfy control 
links, tracking, diagnostics, payload communications, collision avoidance, and 
other functions for unmanned aircraft systems operations.

SEC. 375. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--A violation of a privacy policy by a person that uses an 
unmanned aircraft system for compensation or hire, or in the furtherance of a 
business enterprise, in the national airspace system shall be an unfair and 
deceptive practice in violation of section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission 
Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``unmanned aircraft'' and 
``unmanned aircraft system'' have the meanings given those terms in section 
44801 of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 376. PLAN FOR FULL OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS 
              TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.

    (a) In General.--In conjunction with completing the requirements of section 
2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 
note), subject to subsection (b) of this section, the Administrator, in 
coordination with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, and in consultation with unmanned aircraft systems industry 
stakeholders, shall develop a plan to allow for the implementation of unmanned 
aircraft systems traffic management (UTM) services that expand operations beyond 
visual line of sight, have full operational capability, and ensure the safety 
and security of all aircraft.
    (b) Completion of UTM System Pilot Program.--The Administrator shall ensure 
that the UTM system pilot program, as established in section 2208 of the FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), is conducted 
to meet the following objectives of a comprehensive UTM system by the conclusion 
of the pilot program:
            (1) In cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration and manned and unmanned aircraft industry stakeholders, 
        allow testing of unmanned aircraft operations, of increasing volumes and 
        density, in airspace above test ranges, as such term is defined in 
        section 44801 of title 49, United States Code, as well as other sites 
        determined by the Administrator to be suitable for UTM testing, 
        including those locations selected under the pilot program required in 
        the October 25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned 
        Aircraft Systems Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 Federal 
        Register 50301.
            (2) Permit the testing of various remote identification and tracking 
        technologies evaluated by the Unmanned Aircraft Systems Identification 
        and Tracking Aviation Rulemaking Committee.
            (3) Where the particular operational environment permits, permit 
        blanket waiver authority to allow any unmanned aircraft approved by a 
        UTM system pilot program selectee to be operated under conditions 
        currently requiring a case-by-case waiver under part 107, title 14, Code 
        of Federal Regulations, provided that any blanket waiver addresses risks 
        to airborne objects as well as persons and property on the ground.
    (c) Implementation Plan Contents.--The plan required by subsection (a) 
shall--
            (1) include the development of safety standards to permit, 
        authorize, or allow the use of UTM services, which may include the 
        demonstration and validation of such services at the test ranges, as 
        defined in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code, or other sites 
        as authorized by the Administrator;
            (2) outline the roles and responsibilities of industry and 
        government in establishing UTM services that allow applicants to conduct 
        commercial and noncommercial operations, recognizing the primary private 
        sector role in the development and implementation of the Low Altitude 
        Authorization and Notification Capability and future expanded UTM 
        services;
            (3) include an assessment of various components required for 
        necessary risk reduction and mitigation in relation to the use of UTM 
        services, including--
                    (A) remote identification of both cooperative and non-
                cooperative unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace 
                system;
                    (B) deconfliction of cooperative unmanned aircraft systems 
                in the national airspace system by such services;
                    (C) the manner in which the Federal Aviation Administration 
                will conduct oversight of UTM systems, including interfaces 
                between UTM service providers and air traffic control;
                    (D) the need for additional technologies to detect 
                cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft;
                    (E) collaboration and coordination with air traffic control, 
                or management services and technologies to ensure the safety 
                oversight of manned and unmanned aircraft, including--
                            (i) the Federal Aviation Administration 
                        responsibilities to collect and disseminate relevant 
                        data to UTM service providers; and
                            (ii) data exchange protocols to share UAS operator 
                        intent, operational approvals, operational restraints, 
                        and other data necessary to ensure safety or security of 
                        the National Airspace System;
                    (F) the potential for UTM services to manage unmanned 
                aircraft systems carrying either cargo, payload, or passengers, 
                weighing more than 55 pounds, and operating at altitudes higher 
                than 400 feet above ground level; and
                    (G) cybersecurity protections, data integrity, and national 
                and homeland security benefits; and
            (4) establish a process for--
                    (A) accepting applications for operation of UTM services in 
                the national airspace system;
                    (B) setting the standards for independent private sector 
                validation and verification that the standards for UTM services 
                established pursuant to paragraph (1) enabling operations beyond 
                visual line of sight, have been met by applicants; and
                    (C) notifying the applicant, not later than 120 days after 
                the Administrator receives a complete application, with a 
                written approval, disapproval, or request to modify the 
                application.
    (d) Safety Standards.--In developing the safety standards in subsection 
(c)(1), the Administrator--
            (1) shall require that UTM services help ensure the safety of 
        unmanned aircraft and other aircraft operations that occur primarily or 
        exclusively in airspace 400 feet above ground level and below, including 
        operations conducted under a waiver issued pursuant to subpart D of part 
        107 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations;
            (2) shall consider, as appropriate--
                    (A) protection of persons and property on the ground;
                    (B) remote identification and tracking of aircraft;
                    (C) collision avoidance with respect to obstacles and non-
                cooperative aircraft;
                    (D) deconfliction of cooperative aircraft and integration of 
                other relevant airspace considerations;
                    (E) right of way rules, inclusive of UAS operations;
                    (F) safe and reliable coordination between air traffic 
                control and other systems operated in the national airspace 
                system;
                    (G) detection of non-cooperative aircraft;
                    (H) geographic and local factors including but not limited 
                to terrain, buildings and structures;
                    (I) aircraft equipage; and
                    (J) qualifications, if any, necessary to operate UTM 
                services; and
            (3) may establish temporary flight restrictions or other means 
        available such as a certificate of waiver or authorization (COA) for 
        demonstration and validation of UTM services.
    (e) Revocation.--The Administrator may revoke the permission, authorization, 
or approval for the operation of UTM services if the Administrator determines 
that the services or its operator are no longer in compliance with applicable 
safety standards.
    (f) Low-risk Areas.--The Administrator shall establish expedited procedures 
for approval of UTM services operated in--
            (1) airspace away from congested areas; or
            (2) other airspace above areas in which operations of unmanned 
        aircraft pose low risk, as determined by the Administrator.
    (g) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall 
consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (h) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that, in developing the 
safety standards for UTM services, the Federal Aviation Administration shall 
consider ongoing research and development efforts on UTM services conducted by--
            (1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in partnership 
        with industry stakeholders;
            (2) the UTM System pilot program required by section 2208 of the FAA 
        Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note); and
            (3) the participants in the pilot program required in the October 
        25, 2017, Presidential Memorandum entitled, ``Unmanned Aircraft Systems 
        Integration Pilot Program'' and described in 82 Federal Register 50301.
    (i) Deadline.--Not later than 1 year after the date of conclusion of the UTM 
pilot program established in section 2208 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note), the Administrator shall--
            (1) complete the plan required by subsection (a);
            (2) submit the plan to--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
                of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
                Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives; and
            (3) publish the plan on a publicly accessible Internet website of 
        the Federal Aviation Administration.

SEC. 377. EARLY IMPLEMENTATION OF CERTAIN UTM SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall, upon request of a UTM service provider, 
determine if certain UTM services may operate safely in the national airspace 
system before completion of the implementation plan required by section 376.
    (b) Assessment of UTM Services.--In making the determination under 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall assess, at a minimum, whether the 
proposed UTM services, as a result of their operational capabilities, 
reliability, intended use, areas of operation, and the characteristics of the 
aircraft involved, will maintain the safety and efficiency of the national 
airspace system and address any identified risks to manned or unmanned aircraft 
and persons and property on the ground.
    (c) Requirements for Safe Operation.--If the Administrator determines that 
certain UTM services may operate safely in the national airspace system, the 
Administrator shall establish requirements for their safe operation in the 
national airspace system.
    (d) Expedited Procedures.--The Administrator shall provide expedited 
procedures for making the assessment and determinations under this section where 
the UTM services will be provided primarily or exclusively in airspace above 
areas in which the operation of unmanned aircraft poses low risk, including but 
not limited to croplands and areas other than congested areas.
    (e) Consultation.--In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall 
consult with other Federal agencies, as appropriate.
    (f) Preexisting UTM Services Approvals.--Nothing in this Act shall affect or 
delay approvals, waivers, or exemptions granted by the Administrator for UTM 
services already in existence or approved by the Administrator prior to the date 
of enactment of this Act, including approvals under the Low Altitude 
Authorization and Notification Capability.

SEC. 378. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) each person that uses an unmanned aircraft system for 
        compensation or hire, or in the furtherance of a business enterprise, 
        except those operated for purposes protected by the First Amendment of 
        the Constitution, should have a written privacy policy consistent with 
        section 357 that is appropriate to the nature and scope of the 
        activities regarding the collection, use, retention, dissemination, and 
        deletion of any data collected during the operation of an unmanned 
        aircraft system;
            (2) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be 
        periodically reviewed and updated as necessary; and
            (3) each privacy policy described in paragraph (1) should be 
        publicly available.

SEC. 379. COMMERCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL OPERATORS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable and consistent with 
applicable law, make available in a single location on the website of the 
Department of Transportation:
            (1) Any certificate of waiver or authorization issued by the 
        Administration to Federal, State, tribal or local governments for the 
        operation of unmanned aircraft systems within 30 days of issuance of 
        such certificate of waiver or authorization.
            (2) A spreadsheet of UAS registrations, including the city, state, 
        and zip code of each registered drone owner, on its website that is 
        updated once per quarter each calendar year.
            (3) Summary descriptions and general purposes of public unmanned 
        aircraft operations, including the locations where such unmanned 
        aircraft may generally operate.
            (4) Summary descriptions of common civil unmanned aircraft 
        operations.
            (5) The expiration date of any authorization of public or civil 
        unmanned aircraft operations.
            (6) Links to websites of State agencies that enforce any applicable 
        privacy laws.
            (7) For any unmanned aircraft system, except with respect to any 
        operation protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the 
        United States, that will collect personally identifiable information 
        about individuals, including the use of facial recognition--
                    (A) the circumstance under which the system will be used;
                    (B) the specific kinds of personally identifiable 
                information that the system will collect about individuals; and
                    (C) how the information referred to in subparagraph (B), and 
                the conclusions drawn from such information, will be used, 
                disclosed, and otherwise handled, including--
                            (i) how the collection or retention of such 
                        information that is unrelated to the specific use will 
                        be minimized;
                            (ii) under what circumstances such information might 
                        be sold, leased, or otherwise provided to third parties;
                            (iii) the period during which such information will 
                        be retained;
                            (iv) when and how such information, including 
                        information no longer relevant to the specified use, 
                        will be destroyed; and
                            (v) steps that will be used to protect against the 
                        unauthorized disclosure of any information or data, such 
                        as the use of encryption methods and other security 
                        features.
            (8) With respect to public unmanned aircraft systems--
                    (A) the locations where the unmanned aircraft system will 
                operate;
                    (B) the time during which the unmanned aircraft system will 
                operate;
                    (C) the general purpose of the flight; and
                    (D) the technical capabilities that the unmanned aircraft 
                system possesses.
    (b) Exceptions.--The Administrator shall not disclose information pursuant 
to subsection (a) if the Administrator determines that the release of such 
information--
            (1) is not applicable;
            (2) is not practicable, including when the information is not 
        available to the Administrator;
            (3) is not in compliance with applicable law;
            (4) would compromise national defense, homeland security or law 
        enforcement activity;
            (5) would be withheld pursuant to an exception of the section 552 of 
        title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Freedom of 
        Information Act''); or
            (6) is otherwise contrary to the public interest.
    (c) Sunset.--This section will cease to be effective on the date that is the 
earlier of--
            (1) the date of publication of a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking or 
        guidance regarding remote identification standards under section 2202 of 
        the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 
        130 Stat. 615); or
            (2) September 30, 2023.

SEC. 380. TRANSITION LANGUAGE.

    (a) Regulations.--Notwithstanding the repeals under sections 341, 348, 347, 
and 383 of this Act, all orders, determinations, rules, regulations, permits, 
grants, and contracts, which have been issued under any law described under 
subsection (b) of this section before the effective date of this Act shall 
continue in effect until modified or revoked by the Secretary of Transportation, 
acting through the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, as 
applicable, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law other 
than this Act.
    (b) Laws Described.--The laws described under this subsection are as 
follows:
            (1) Section 332 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (2) Section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (3) Section 334 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 40101 note).
            (4) Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 
        2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).
    (c) Effect on Pending Proceedings.--This Act shall not affect administrative 
or judicial proceedings pending on the effective date of this Act.

SEC. 381. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN RESTRICTED BUILDINGS OR GROUNDS.

    Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after 
subsection (a)(4) the following:
            ``(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft system 
        with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or otherwise cause 
        such unmanned aircraft system to enter or operate within or above a 
        restricted building or grounds;''.

SEC. 382. PROHIBITION.

    (a) Amendment.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), an individual who 
operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or recklessly interferes with a 
wildfire suppression, or law enforcement or emergency response efforts related 
to a wildfire suppression, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not 
more than 2 years, or both.
    ``(b) Exceptions.--This section does not apply to the operation of an 
unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States Government 
or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any individual conducting 
such operation pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into with the 
unit or agency) for the purpose of protecting the public safety and welfare, 
including firefighting, law enforcement, or emergency response.
    ``(c) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Unmanned aircraft.--The term `unmanned aircraft' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 44801 of title 49, United States Code.
            ``(2) Wildfire.--The term `wildfire' has the meaning given that term 
        in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1856m).
            ``(3) Wildfire suppression.--The term `wildfire suppression' means 
        an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 2 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
40 the following:

``40A. Operation of unauthorized unmanned aircraft over wildfires.''.

SEC. 383. AIRPORT SAFETY AND AIRSPACE HAZARD MITIGATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 448 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end the following:
``Sec. 44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and enforcement
    ``(a) Coordination.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration shall work with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of 
Homeland Security, and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and 
agencies for the purpose of ensuring that technologies or systems that are 
developed, tested, or deployed by Federal departments and agencies to detect and 
mitigate potential risks posed by errant or hostile unmanned aircraft system 
operations do not adversely impact or interfere with safe airport operations, 
navigation, air traffic services, or the safe and efficient operation of the 
national airspace system.
    ``(b) Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a plan for the 
        certification, permitting, authorizing, or allowing of the deployment of 
        technologies or systems for the detection and mitigation of unmanned 
        aircraft systems.
            ``(2) Contents.--The plan shall provide for the development of 
        policies, procedures, or protocols that will allow appropriate officials 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration to utilize such technologies or 
        systems to take steps to detect and mitigate potential airspace safety 
        risks posed by unmanned aircraft system operations.
            ``(3) Aviation rulemaking committee.--The Administrator shall 
        charter an aviation rulemaking committee to make recommendations for 
        such a plan and any standards that the Administrator determines may need 
        to be developed with respect to such technologies or systems. The 
        Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to an 
        aviation rulemaking committee chartered under this paragraph.
            ``(4) Non-delegation.--The plan shall not delegate any authority 
        granted to the Administrator under this section to other Federal, State, 
        local, territorial, or tribal agencies, or an airport sponsor, as 
        defined in section 47102 of title 49, United States Code.
    ``(c) Airspace Hazard Mitigation Program.--In order to test and evaluate 
technologies or systems that detect and mitigate potential aviation safety risks 
posed by unmanned aircraft, the Administrator shall deploy such technologies or 
systems at 5 airports, including 1 airport that ranks in the top 10 of the FAA's 
most recent Passenger Boarding Data.
    ``(d) Authority.--Under the testing and evaluation in subsection (c), the 
Administrator shall use unmanned aircraft detection and mitigation systems to 
detect and mitigate the unauthorized operation of an unmanned aircraft that 
poses a risk to aviation safety.
    ``(e) Aip Funding Eligibility.--Upon the certification, permitting, 
authorizing, or allowing of such technologies and systems that have been 
successfully tested under this section, an airport sponsor may apply for a grant 
under subchapter I of chapter 471 to purchase an unmanned aircraft detection and 
mitigation system. For purposes of this subsection, purchasing an unmanned 
aircraft detection and mitigation system shall be considered airport development 
(as defined in section 47102).
    ``(f) Briefing.--The Administrator shall annually brief the appropriate 
committees of Congress, including the Committee on Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, on the 
implementation of this section.
    ``(g) Applicability of Other Laws.--Section 46502 of this title, section 32 
of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the Aircraft Sabotage Act), 
section 1031 of title 18, United States Code (commonly known as the Computer 
Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986), sections 2510-2522 of title 18, United States Code 
(commonly known as the Wiretap Act), and sections 3121-3127 of title 18, United 
States Code (commonly known as the Pen/Trap Statute), shall not apply to 
activities authorized by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (c) and (d).
    ``(h) Sunset.--This section ceases to be effective September 30, 2023.
    ``(i) Non-delegation.--The Administrator shall not delegate any authority 
granted to the Administrator under this section to other Federal, State, local, 
territorial, or tribal agencies, or an airport sponsor, as defined in section 
47102 of title 49, United States Code. The Administrator may partner with other 
Federal agencies under this section, subject to any restrictions contained in 
such agencies' authority to operate counter unmanned aircraft systems.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 448, as 
        amended by this Act, is further amended by inserting at the end the 
        following:

``44810. Airport safety and airspace hazard mitigation and 
                            enforcement.''.
            (2) Pilot project for airport safety and airspace hazard 
        mitigation.--Section 2206 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act 
        of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615) and the item relating to 
        that section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act are 
        repealed.

SEC. 384. UNSAFE OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 2 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after section 39A the following:
``Sec. 39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft
    ``(a) Offense.--Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and:
            ``(1) Knowingly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, an 
        aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special aircraft 
        jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses an imminent 
        safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as provided in 
        subsection (c).
            ``(2) Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, an 
        aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special aircraft 
        jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses an imminent 
        safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as provided in 
        subsection (c).
    ``(b) Operation of Unmanned Aircraft in Close Proximity to Airports.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who, without authorization, knowingly 
        operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway exclusion zone shall be 
        punished as provided in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Runway exclusion zone defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        `runway exclusion zone' means a rectangular area--
                    ``(A) centered on the centerline of an active runway of an 
                airport immediately around which the airspace is designated as 
                class B, class C, or class D airspace at the surface under part 
                71 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
                    ``(B) the length of which extends parallel to the runway's 
                centerline to points that are 1 statute mile from each end of 
                the runway and the width of which is \1/2\ statute mile.
    ``(c) Penalty.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        punishment for an offense under subsections (a) or (b) shall be a fine 
        under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.
            ``(2) Serious bodily injury or death.--Any person who:
                    ``(A) Causes serious bodily injury or death during the 
                commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) shall be fined 
                under this title, imprisoned for a term of up to 10 years, or 
                both.
                    ``(B) Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, serious 
                bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense under 
                subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be fined under this title, 
                imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 2 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
39A the following:

``39B. Unsafe operation of unmanned aircraft.''.

                       Subtitle C--General Aviation Safety

SEC. 391. SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Fairness for Pilots Act''.

SEC. 392. EXPANSION OF PILOT'S BILL OF RIGHTS.

    (a) Notification of Investigation.--Subsection (b) of section 2 of the 
Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 U.S.C. 44703 
note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting ``and the specific activity on 
        which the investigation is based'' after ``nature of the 
        investigation'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``timely''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5), by striking ``section 44709(c)(2)'' and 
        inserting ``section 44709(e)(2)''.
    (b) Release of Investigative Reports.--Section 2 of the Pilot's Bill of 
Rights (Public Law 112-153; 126 Stat. 1159; 49 U.S.C. 44703 note) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Release of Investigative Reports.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Emergency orders.--In any proceeding conducted under 
                part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, relating to 
                the amendment, modification, suspension, or revocation of an 
                airman certificate, in which the Administrator issues an 
                emergency order under subsections (d) and (e) of section 44709, 
                section 44710, or section 46105(c) of title 49, United States 
                Code, or another order that takes effect immediately, the 
                Administrator shall provide, upon request, to the individual 
                holding the airman certificate the releasable portion of the 
                investigative report at the time the Administrator issues the 
                order. If the complete Report of Investigation is not available 
                at the time of the request, the Administrator shall issue all 
                portions of the report that are available at the time and shall 
                provide the full report not later than 5 days after its 
                completion.
                    ``(B) Other orders.--In any nonemergency proceeding 
                conducted under part 821 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                Regulations, relating to the amendment, modification, 
                suspension, or revocation of an airman certificate, in which the 
                Administrator notifies the certificate holder of a proposed 
                certificate action under subsections (b) and (c) of section 
                44709 or section 44710 of title 49, United States Code, the 
                Administrator shall, upon the written request of the covered 
                certificate holder and at any time after that notification, 
                provide to the covered certificate holder the releasable portion 
                of the investigative report.
            ``(2) Motion for dismissal.--If the Administrator does not provide 
        the releasable portions of the investigative report to the individual 
        holding the airman certificate subject to the proceeding referred to in 
        paragraph (1) by the time required by that paragraph, the individual may 
        move to dismiss the complaint of the Administrator or for other relief 
        and, unless the Administrator establishes good cause for the failure to 
        provide the investigative report or for a lack of timeliness, the 
        administrative law judge shall order such relief as the judge considers 
        appropriate.
            ``(3) Releasable portion of investigative report.--For purposes of 
        paragraph (1), the releasable portion of an investigative report is all 
        information in the report, except for the following:
                    ``(A) Information that is privileged.
                    ``(B) Information that constitutes work product or reflects 
                internal deliberative process.
                    ``(C) Information that would disclose the identity of a 
                confidential source.
                    ``(D) Information the disclosure of which is prohibited by 
                any other provision of law.
                    ``(E) Information that is not relevant to the subject matter 
                of the proceeding.
                    ``(F) Information the Administrator can demonstrate is 
                withheld for good cause.
                    ``(G) Sensitive security information, as defined in section 
                15.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
                corresponding similar ruling or regulation).
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed to prevent the Administrator from releasing to an individual 
        subject to an investigation described in subsection (b)(1)--
                    ``(A) information in addition to the information included in 
                the releasable portion of the investigative report; or
                    ``(B) a copy of the investigative report before the 
                Administrator issues a complaint.''.

SEC. 393. NOTIFICATION OF REEXAMINATION OF CERTIFICATE HOLDERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44709(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Administrator'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator'';
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Notification of reexamination of airman.--Before taking any 
        action to reexamine an airman under paragraph (1) the Administrator 
        shall provide to the airman--
                    ``(A) a reasonable basis, described in detail, for 
                requesting the reexamination; and
                    ``(B) any information gathered by the Federal Aviation 
                Administration, that the Administrator determines is appropriate 
                to provide, such as the scope and nature of the requested 
                reexamination, that formed the basis for that justification.''.

SEC. 394. EXPEDITING UPDATES TO NOTAM PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator may not take any enforcement action 
against any individual for a violation of a NOTAM (as defined in section 3 of 
the Pilot's Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44701 note)) until the Administrator 
certifies to the appropriate committees of Congress that the Administrator has 
complied with the requirements of section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights, as 
amended by this section.
    (b) Amendments.--Section 3 of the Pilot's Bill of Rights (Public Law 112-
153; 126 Stat. 1162; 49 U.S.C. 44701 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``this Act'' and inserting ``the 
                        Fairness for Pilots Act''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``begin'' and inserting ``complete 
                        the implementation of'';
                    (B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:
                    ``(B) to continue developing and modernizing the NOTAM 
                repository, in a public central location, to maintain and 
                archive all NOTAMs, including the original content and form of 
                the notices, the original date of publication, and any 
                amendments to such notices with the date of each amendment, in a 
                manner that is Internet-accessible, machine-readable, and 
                searchable;'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end 
                and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) to specify the times during which temporary flight 
                restrictions are in effect and the duration of a designation of 
                special use airspace in a specific area.''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Designation of Repository as Sole Source for NOTAMs.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator--
                    ``(A) shall consider the repository for NOTAMs under 
                subsection (a)(2)(B) to be the sole location for airmen to check 
                for NOTAMs; and
                    ``(B) may not consider a NOTAM to be announced or published 
                until the NOTAM is included in the repository for NOTAMs under 
                subsection (a)(2)(B).
            ``(2) Prohibition on taking action for violations of notams not in 
        repository.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
                beginning on the date that the repository under subsection 
                (a)(2)(B) is final and published, the Administrator may not take 
                any enforcement action against an airman for a violation of a 
                NOTAM during a flight if--
                            ``(i) that NOTAM is not available through the 
                        repository before the commencement of the flight; and
                            ``(ii) that NOTAM is not reasonably accessible and 
                        identifiable to the airman.
                    ``(B) Exception for national security.--Subparagraph (A) 
                shall not apply in the case of an enforcement action for a 
                violation of a NOTAM that directly relates to national 
                security.''.

SEC. 395. ACCESSIBILITY OF CERTAIN FLIGHT DATA.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting after section 47124 the following:
``Sec. 47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data
    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administration.--The term `Administration' means the Federal 
        Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(3) Applicable individual.--The term `applicable individual' means 
        an individual who is the subject of an investigation initiated by the 
        Administrator related to a covered flight record.
            ``(4) Contract tower.--The term `contract tower' means an air 
        traffic control tower providing air traffic control services pursuant to 
        a contract with the Administration under section 47124.
            ``(5) Covered flight record.--The term `covered flight record' means 
        any air traffic data (as defined in section 2(b)(4)(B) of the Pilot's 
        Bill of Rights (49 U.S.C. 44703 note)), created, maintained, or 
        controlled by any program of the Administration, including any program 
        of the Administration carried out by employees or contractors of the 
        Administration, such as contract towers, flight service stations, and 
        controller training programs.
    ``(b) Provision of Covered Flight Record to Administration.--
            ``(1) Requests.--Whenever the Administration receives a written 
        request for a covered flight record from an applicable individual and 
        the covered flight record is not in the possession of the 
        Administration, the Administrator shall request the covered flight 
        record from the contract tower or other contractor of the Administration 
        in possession of the covered flight record.
            ``(2) Provision of records.--Any covered flight record created, 
        maintained, or controlled by a contract tower or another contractor of 
        the Administration that maintains covered flight records shall be 
        provided to the Administration if the Administration requests the record 
        pursuant to paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Notice of proposed certificate action.--If the Administrator 
        has issued, or subsequently issues, a Notice of Proposed Certificate 
        Action relying on evidence contained in the covered flight record and 
        the individual who is the subject of an investigation has requested the 
        record, the Administrator shall promptly produce the record and extend 
        the time the individual has to respond to the Notice of Proposed 
        Certificate Action until the covered flight record is provided.
    ``(c) Implementation.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act, the Administrator shall 
        promulgate regulations or guidance to ensure compliance with this 
        section.
            ``(2) Compliance by contractors.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Compliance with this section by a 
                contract tower or other contractor of the Administration that 
                maintains covered flight records shall be included as a material 
                term in any contract between the Administration and the contract 
                tower or contractor entered into or renewed on or after the date 
                of enactment of the Fairness for Pilots Act.
                    ``(B) Nonapplicability.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to 
                any contract or agreement in effect on the date of enactment of 
                the Fairness for Pilots Act unless the contract or agreement is 
                renegotiated, renewed, or modified after that date.
    ``(d) Protection of Certain Data.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
Administration may withhold information that would otherwise be required to be 
made available under section only if--
            ``(1) the Administrator determines, based on information in the 
        possession of the Administrator, that the Administrator may withhold the 
        information in accordance with section 552a of title 5, United States 
        Code; or
            ``(2) the information is submitted pursuant to a voluntary safety 
        reporting program covered by section 40123 of title 49, United States 
        Code.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents for chapter 
471 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 47124 the 
following:

``47124a. Accessibility of certain flight data.''.

SEC. 396. AUTHORITY FOR LEGAL COUNSEL TO ISSUE CERTAIN NOTICES.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall designate the appropriate legal counsel of the 
Administration as an appropriate official for purposes of section 13.11 of title 
14, Code of Federal Regulations.

                       TITLE IV--AIR SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS

                Subtitle A--Airline Customer Service Improvements

SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Covered air carrier.--The term ``covered air carrier'' means an 
        air carrier or a foreign air carrier as those terms are defined in 
        section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Online service.--The term ``online service'' means any service 
        available over the internet, or that connects to the internet or a wide-
        area network.
            (3) Ticket agent.--The term ``ticket agent'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 402. RELIABLE AIR SERVICE IN AMERICAN SAMOA.

    Section 40109(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(C) review the exemption at least every 30 days (or, in the case 
        of an exemption that is necessary to provide and sustain air 
        transportation in American Samoa between the islands of Tutuila and 
        Manu'a, at least every 180 days) to ensure that the unusual 
        circumstances that established the need for the exemption still 
        exist.''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) Renewal of exemptions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), 
                the Secretary may renew an exemption (including renewals) under 
                this subsection for not more than 30 days.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The Secretary may renew an exemption 
                (including renewals) under this subsection that is necessary to 
                provide and sustain air transportation in American Samoa between 
                the islands of Tutuila and Manu'a for not more than 180 days.
            ``(4) Continuation of exemptions.--An exemption granted by the 
        Secretary under this subsection may continue for not more than 5 days 
        after the unusual circumstances that established the need for the 
        exemption cease.''.

SEC. 403. CELL PHONE VOICE COMMUNICATION BAN.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications
    ``(a) Prohibition.--The Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
regulations--
            ``(1) to prohibit an individual on an aircraft from engaging in 
        voice communications using a mobile communications device during a 
        flight of that aircraft in scheduled passenger interstate or intrastate 
        air transportation; and
            ``(2) that exempt from the prohibition described in paragraph (1) 
        any--
                    ``(A) member of the flight crew on duty on an aircraft;
                    ``(B) flight attendant on duty on an aircraft; and
                    ``(C) Federal law enforcement officer acting in an official 
                capacity.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Flight.--The term `flight' means, with respect to an aircraft, 
        the period beginning when the aircraft takes off and ending when the 
        aircraft lands.
            ``(2) Mobile communications device.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `mobile communications device' 
                means any portable wireless telecommunications equipment 
                utilized for the transmission or reception of voice data.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The term `mobile communications device' 
                does not include a phone installed on an aircraft.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 41724 
the following:

``41725. Prohibition on certain cell phone voice communications.''.

SEC. 404. IMPROVED NOTIFICATION OF INSECTICIDE USE.

    Section 42303(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(b) Required Disclosures.--An air carrier, foreign air carrier, or ticket 
agent selling, in the United States, a ticket for a flight in foreign air 
transportation to a country listed on the internet website established under 
subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) disclose, on its own internet website or through other means, 
        that the destination country may require the air carrier or foreign air 
        carrier to treat an aircraft passenger cabin with insecticides prior to 
        the flight or to apply an aerosol insecticide in an aircraft cabin used 
        for such a flight when the cabin is occupied with passengers; and
            ``(2) refer the purchaser of the ticket to the internet website 
        established under subsection (a) for additional information.''.

SEC. 405. CONSUMER COMPLAINTS HOTLINE.

    Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(d) Use of New Technologies.--The Secretary shall periodically evaluate 
the benefits of using mobile phone applications or other widely used 
technologies to provide new means for air passengers to communicate complaints 
in addition to the telephone number established under subsection (a) and shall 
provide such new means as the Secretary determines appropriate.''.

SEC. 406. CONSUMER INFORMATION ON ACTUAL FLIGHT TIMES.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study on the 
feasibility and advisability of modifying regulations contained in section 
234.11 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to ensure that--
            (1) a reporting carrier (including its contractors), during the 
        course of a reservation or ticketing discussion or other inquiry, 
        discloses to a consumer upon reasonable request the projected period 
        between the actual wheels-off and wheels-on times for a reportable 
        flight; and
            (2) a reporting carrier displays, on the public internet website of 
        the carrier, information on the actual wheels-off and wheels-on times 
        during the most recent calendar month for a reportable flight.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section, the terms ``reporting carrier'' and 
``reportable flight'' have the meanings given those terms in section 234.2 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of 
this Act).
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure 
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 407. TRAINING POLICIES REGARDING RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND RELIGIOUS 
              NONDISCRIMINATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress and the Secretary of Transportation a report 
describing--
            (1) each air carrier's training policy for its employees and 
        contractors regarding racial, ethnic, and religious nondiscrimination; 
        and
            (2) how frequently an air carrier is required to train new employees 
        and contractors because of turnover in positions that require such 
        training.
    (b) Best Practices.--After the date the report is submitted under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall develop and disseminate to air carriers best practices 
necessary to improve the training policies described in subsection (a), based on 
the findings of the report and in consultation with--
            (1) passengers of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious backgrounds;
            (2) national organizations that represent impacted communities;
            (3) air carriers;
            (4) airport operators; and
            (5) contract service providers.

SEC. 408. TRAINING ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR CERTAIN STAFF.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff
    ``In addition to other training requirements, each air carrier shall provide 
training to ticket counter agents, gate agents, and other air carrier workers 
whose jobs require regular interaction with passengers on recognizing and 
responding to potential human trafficking victims.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, United 
States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``44738. Training on human trafficking for certain staff.''.

SEC. 409. PROHIBITIONS AGAINST SMOKING ON PASSENGER FLIGHTS.

    Section 41706 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Electronic Cigarettes.--
            ``(1) Inclusion.--The use of an electronic cigarette shall be 
        treated as smoking for purposes of this section.
            ``(2) Electronic cigarette defined.--In this section, the term 
        `electronic cigarette' means a device that delivers nicotine to a user 
        of the device in the form of a vapor that is inhaled to simulate the 
        experience of smoking.''.

SEC. 410. REPORT ON BAGGAGE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) study and publicize for comment a cost-benefit analysis to air 
        carriers and consumers of changing the baggage reporting requirements of 
        section 234.6 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, before the 
        implementation of such requirements; and
            (2) submit a report on the findings of the cost-benefit analysis to 
        the appropriate committees of Congress.

SEC. 411. ENFORCEMENT OF AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION RULES.

    (a) In General.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct 
a study to consider and evaluate Department of Transportation enforcement of 
aviation consumer protection rules.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall include an evaluation 
of--
            (1) available enforcement mechanisms;
            (2) any obstacles to enforcement; and
            (3) trends in Department of Transportation enforcement actions.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the study, including the Comptroller General's findings, conclusions, 
and recommendations.

SEC. 412. STROLLERS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter I of chapter 417 of title 49, United States 
Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 41726. Strollers
    ``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a covered air 
carrier shall not deny a passenger the ability to check a stroller at the 
departure gate if the stroller is being used by a passenger to transport a child 
traveling on the same flight as the passenger.
    ``(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply in instances where the size 
or weight of the stroller poses a safety or security risk.
    ``(c) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term `covered air 
carrier' means an air carrier or a foreign air carrier as those terms are 
defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, is further amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
41725 the following:

``41726. Strollers.''.

SEC. 413. CAUSES OF AIRLINE DELAYS OR CANCELLATIONS.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall review the 
        categorization of delays and cancellations with respect to air carriers 
        that are required to report such data.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
                    (A) whether delays and cancellations were the result of--
                            (i) decisions or matters within the control or 
                        within the discretion of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration, including ground stop or delay 
                        management programs in response to adverse weather 
                        conditions;
                            (ii) business decisions or other matters within the 
                        air carrier's control or discretion in response to 
                        adverse weather conditions, including efforts to disrupt 
                        the travel of the fewest number of passengers; or
                            (iii) other factors;
                    (B) if the data indicate whether and to what extent delays 
                and cancellations attributed by an air carrier to weather 
                disproportionately impact service to smaller airports and 
                communities;
                    (C) whether it is an unfair or deceptive practice for an air 
                carrier to inform a passenger that a flight is delayed or 
                cancelled due to weather alone when other factors are involved;
                    (D) limitations, if any, in the Federal Aviation 
                Administration air traffic control systems that reduce the 
                capacity or efficiency of the national airspace system during 
                adverse weather events; and
                    (E) relevant analytical work by academic institutions.
            (3) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult air carriers and the 
        Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, established under 
        section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 
        42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting the review and providing 
        recommendations on improving the quality and quantity of information 
        provided to passengers adversely affected by a cancellation or delay.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the review under subsection (a), including 
any recommendations.
    (c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as 
affecting or penalizing--
            (1) the decision of an air carrier to maximize its system capacity 
        during weather-related events to accommodate the greatest number of 
        passengers; or
            (2) any decisions of an air carrier or the Federal Aviation 
        Administration in any matter related to or affecting the safety of any 
        person.

SEC. 414. INVOLUNTARY CHANGES TO ITINERARIES.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall review the rate at 
        which air carriers change passenger itineraries more than 24 hours 
        before departure, where the new itineraries involve additional stops or 
        depart 3 hours earlier or later than originally scheduled and 
        compensation or other suitable air transportation is not offered. In 
        conducting the review, the Secretary shall consider the compensation and 
        alternative travel options provided or offered by the air carrier in 
        such situations.
            (2) Consultation.--The Secretary may consult with air carriers and 
        the Advisory Committee for Aviation Consumer Protection, established 
        under section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 
        U.S.C. 42301 prec. note), to assist in conducting the review and 
        providing recommendations.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date the review under 
subsection (a) is complete, the Secretary shall submit to appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the review under subsection (a).

SEC. 415. EXTENSION OF ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION.

    Section 411 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 42301 
prec. note) is amended in subsection (h) by striking ``2018'' and inserting 
``2023''.

SEC. 416. ONLINE ACCESS TO AVIATION CONSUMER PROTECTION INFORMATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) complete an evaluation of the aviation consumer protection 
        portion of the Department of Transportation's public internet website to 
        identify any changes to the user interface, including the interface 
        presented to individuals accessing the website from a mobile device, 
        that will improve usability, accessibility, consumer satisfaction, and 
        website performance;
            (2) in completing the evaluation under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) consider the best practices of other Federal agencies 
                with effective websites; and
                    (B) consult with the Federal Web Managers Council;
            (3) develop a plan, including an implementation timeline, for--
                    (A) making the changes identified under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) making any necessary changes to that portion of the 
                website that will enable a consumer, in a manner that protects 
                the privacy of consumers and employees, to--
                            (i) access information regarding each complaint 
                        filed with the Aviation Consumer Protection Division of 
                        the Department of Transportation;
                            (ii) search the complaints described in clause (i) 
                        by the name of the air carrier, the dates of departure 
                        and arrival, the airports of origin and departure, and 
                        the type of complaint; and
                            (iii) determine the date a complaint was filed and 
                        the date a complaint was resolved; and
            (4) submit the evaluation and plan to appropriate committees of 
        Congress.

SEC. 417. PROTECTION OF PETS ON AIRPLANES.

    (a) Prohibition.--Chapter 447 of title 49, United States Code, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44739. Pets on airplanes
    ``(a) Prohibition.--It shall be unlawful for any person to place a live 
animal in an overhead storage compartment of an aircraft operated under part 121 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    ``(b) Civil Penalty.--The Administrator may impose a civil penalty under 
section 46301 for each violation of this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 447 of title 49, United 
States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``44739. Pets on airplanes.''.

SEC. 418. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AIR AMBULANCE AND PATIENT BILLING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Health and Human Services, shall establish an advisory committee for the purpose 
of reviewing options to improve the disclosure of charges and fees for air 
medical services, better inform consumers of insurance options for such 
services, and protect consumers from balance billing.
    (b) Composition of the Advisory Committee.--The advisory committee shall be 
composed of the following members:
            (1) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary's designee.
            (2) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, or the Secretary's 
        designee.
            (3) One representative, to be appointed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation, of each of the following:
                    (A) Each relevant Federal agency, as determined by the 
                Secretary of Transportation.
                    (B) State insurance regulators
                    (C) Health insurance providers.
                    (D) Patient advocacy groups.
                    (E) Consumer advocacy groups.
                    (F) Physician specializing in emergency, trauma, cardiac, or 
                stroke.
            (4) Three representatives, to be appointed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation, to represent the various segments of the air ambulance 
        industry.
            (5) Additional three representatives not covered under paragraphs 
        (1) through (4), as determined necessary and appropriate by the 
        Secretary.
    (c) Consultation.--The advisory committee shall, as appropriate, consult 
with relevant experts and stakeholders not captured in (b) while conducting its 
review.
    (d) Recommendations.--The advisory committee shall make recommendations with 
respect to disclosure of charges and fees for air ambulance services and 
insurance coverage, consumer protection and enforcement authorities of both the 
Department of Transportation and State authorities, and the prevention of 
balance billing to consumers. The recommendations shall address, at a minimum--
            (1) the costs, benefits, practicability, and impact on all 
        stakeholders of clearly distinguishing between charges for air 
        transportation services and charges for non-air transportation services 
        in bills and invoices, including the costs, benefits, and practicability 
        of--
                    (A) developing cost-allocation methodologies to separate 
                charges for air transportation services from charges for non-air 
                transportation services; and
                    (B) formats for bills and invoices that clearly distinguish 
                between charges for air transportation services and charges for 
                non-air transportation services;
            (2) options, best practices, and identified standards to prevent 
        instances of balance billing such as improving network and contract 
        negotiation, dispute resolution between health insurance and air medical 
        service providers, and explanation of insurance coverage and 
        subscription programs to consumers;
            (3) steps that can be taken by State legislatures, State insurance 
        regulators, State attorneys general, and other State officials as 
        appropriate, consistent with current legal authorities regarding 
        consumer protection;
            (4) recommendations made by the Comptroller General study, GAO-17-
        637, including what additional data from air ambulance providers and 
        other sources should be collected by the Department of Transportation to 
        improve its understanding of the air ambulance market and oversight of 
        the air ambulance industry for the purposes of pursuing action related 
        to unfair or deceptive practices or unfair methods of competition, which 
        may include--
                    (A) cost data;
                    (B) standard charges and payments received per transport;
                    (C) whether the provider is part of a hospital-sponsored 
                program, municipality-sponsored program, hospital-independent 
                partnership (hybrid) program, or independent program;
                    (D) number of transports per base and helicopter;
                    (E) market shares of air ambulance providers inclusive of 
                any parent or holding companies;
                    (F) any data indicating the extent of competition among air 
                ambulance providers on the basis of price and service;
                    (G) prices assessed to consumers and insurers for air 
                transportation and any non-transportation services provided by 
                air ambulance providers; and
                    (H) financial performance of air ambulance providers;
            (5) definitions of all applicable terms that are not defined in 
        statute or regulations; and
            (6) other matters as determined necessary or appropriate.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the first meeting of 
the advisory committee, the advisory committee shall submit to the Secretary of 
Transportation, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing the recommendations made under 
subsection (d).
    (f) Rulemaking.--Upon receipt of the report under subsection (e), the 
Secretary of Transportation shall consider the recommendations of the advisory 
committee and issue regulations or other guidance as deemed necessary--
            (1) to require air ambulance providers to regularly report data to 
        the Department of Transportation;
            (2) to increase transparency related to Department of Transportation 
        actions related to consumer complaints; and
            (3) to provide other consumer protections for customers of air 
        ambulance providers.
    (g) Elimination of Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics.--The 
Advisory Council on Transportation Statistics shall terminate on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 419. AIR AMBULANCE COMPLAINTS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) Consumer Complaints.--Section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, is 
further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by inserting ``(including transportation by 
        air ambulance (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation))'' after 
        ``air transportation''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Air Ambulance Providers.--Each air ambulance provider shall include 
the hotline telephone number, link to the Internet website established under 
subsection (a), and contact information for the Aviation Consumer Advocate 
established under section 425 on--
            ``(1) any invoice, bill, or other communication provided to a 
        passenger or customer of the provider; and
            ``(2) its Internet Web site, and any related mobile device 
        application.''.
    (b) Unfair and Deceptive Practices and Unfair Methods of Competition.--
Section 41712(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``air 
ambulance consumer (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation),'' after 
``foreign air carrier,'' in the first place it appears.

SEC. 420. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AIR AMBULANCE OVERSIGHT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after submission of the report 
required under section 418, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a 
report to the appropriate committees of Congress on air ambulance oversight.
    (b) Contents of Report.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) a description of how the Secretary will conduct oversight of air 
        ambulance providers, including the information sources the Secretary 
        will use to conduct such oversight; and
            (2) a timeline for the issuance of any guidance concerning unfair 
        and deceptive practices among air ambulance providers, including 
        guidance for States and political subdivisions of States to refer such 
        matters to the Secretary.

SEC. 421. REFUNDS FOR OTHER FEES THAT ARE NOT HONORED BY A COVERED AIR CARRIER.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Transportation shall promulgate regulations that require each covered air 
carrier to promptly provide a refund to a passenger of any ancillary fees paid 
for services related to air travel that the passenger does not receive, 
including on the passenger's scheduled flight, on a subsequent replacement 
itinerary if there has been a rescheduling, or for a flight not taken by the 
passenger.

SEC. 422. ADVANCE BOARDING DURING PREGNANCY .

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall review air carrier policies regarding 
traveling during pregnancy and, if appropriate, may revise regulations, as the 
Secretary considers necessary, to require an air carrier to offer advance 
boarding of an aircraft to a pregnant passenger who requests such assistance.

SEC. 423. CONSUMER COMPLAINT PROCESS IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 42302(c) of title 49, United States Code is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``An air 
        carrier or foreign air carrier providing scheduled air transportation 
        using any aircraft that as originally designed has a passenger capacity 
        of 30 or more passenger seats'' and inserting ``Each air carrier and 
        foreign air carrier'';
            (2) in paragraph (1), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting 
        ``carrier''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``air carrier'' and inserting 
        ``carrier''.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall promulgate regulations to implement 
the requirements of section 42302 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act.

SEC. 424. AVIATION CONSUMER ADVOCATE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall review aviation 
consumer complaints received that allege a violation of law and, as appropriate, 
pursue enforcement or corrective actions that would be in the public interest.
    (b) Considerations.--In considering which cases to pursue for enforcement or 
corrective action under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider--
            (1) the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 Stat. 
        1080);
            (2) unfair and deceptive practices by air carriers (including air 
        ambulance operators), foreign air carriers, and ticket agents;
            (3) the terms and conditions agreed to between passengers and air 
        carriers (including air ambulance operators), foreign air carriers, or 
        ticket agents;
            (4) aviation consumer protection and tarmac delay contingency 
        planning requirements for both airports and airlines;
            (5) protection of air ambulance consumers; and
            (6) any other applicable law.
    (c) Aviation Consumer Advocate.--
            (1) In general.--Within the Aviation Consumer Protection Division of 
        the Department of Transportation, there shall be an Aviation Consumer 
        Advocate.
            (2) Functions.--The Aviation Consumer Advocate shall--
                    (A) assist consumers in resolving carrier service complaints 
                filed with the Aviation Consumer Protection Division;
                    (B) review the resolution by the Department of 
                Transportation of carrier service complaints;
                    (C) identify and recommend actions the Department can take 
                to improve the enforcement of aviation consumer protection 
                rules, protection of air ambulance consumers, and resolution of 
                carrier service complaints; and
                    (D) identify and recommend regulations and policies that can 
                be amended to more effectively resolve carrier service 
                complaints.
    (d) Annual Reports.--The Secretary, through the Aviation Consumer Advocate, 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual report 
summarizing the following:
            (1) The total number of annual complaints received by the 
        Department, including the number of complaints by the name of each air 
        carrier and foreign air carrier.
            (2) The total number of annual complaints by category of complaint.
            (3) The number of complaints referred in the preceding year for 
        enforcement or corrective action by the Department.
            (4) Any recommendations under paragraphs (2)(C) and (2)(D) of 
        subsection (c).
            (5) Such other data as the Aviation Consumer Advocate considers 
        appropriate.
    (e) Sunset on Reporting Requirement.--The reporting requirement of 
subsection (d) shall terminate on September 30, 2023.

SEC. 425. TICKETS ACT.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Transparency 
Improvements and Compensation to Keep Every Ticketholder Safe Act of 2018'' or 
the ``TICKETS Act''.
    (b) Boarded Passengers.--Beginning on the date of enactment of this Act, a 
covered air carrier may not deny a revenue passenger traveling on a confirmed 
reservation permission to board, or involuntarily remove that passenger from the 
aircraft, once a revenue passenger has--
            (1) checked in for the flight prior to the check-in deadline; and
            (2) had their ticket or boarding pass collected or electronically 
        scanned and accepted by the gate agent.
    (c) Limitations.--The prohibition pursuant to subsection (b) shall not apply 
when--
            (1) there is a safety, security, or health risk with respect to that 
        revenue passenger or there is a safety or security issue requiring 
        removal of a revenue passenger; or
            (2) the revenue passenger is engaging in behavior that is obscene, 
        disruptive, or otherwise unlawful.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to limit 
or otherwise affect the responsibility or authority of a pilot in command of an 
aircraft under section 121.533 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
limit any penalty under section 46504 of title 49, United States Code.
    (e) Involuntary Denied Boarding Compensation.--Not later than 60 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a 
final rule to revise part 250 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to 
clarify that--
            (1) there is not a maximum level of compensation an air carrier or 
        foreign air carrier may pay to a passenger who is involuntarily denied 
        boarding as the result of an oversold flight;
            (2) the compensation levels set forth in that part are the minimum 
        levels of compensation an air carrier or foreign air carrier must pay to 
        a passenger who is involuntarily denied boarding as the result of an 
        oversold flight; and
            (3) an air carrier or foreign air carrier must proactively offer to 
        pay compensation to a passenger who is voluntarily or involuntarily 
        denied boarding on an oversold flight, rather than waiting until the 
        passenger requests the compensation.
    (f) GAO Report on Oversales.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
        review airline policies and practices related to oversales of flights.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the review under paragraph (1), 
        the Comptroller General shall examine--
                    (A) the impact on passengers as a result of an oversale, 
                including increasing or decreasing the costs of passenger air 
                transportation;
                    (B) economic and operational factors which result in 
                oversales;
                    (C) whether, and if so how, the incidence of oversales 
                varies depending on markets;
                    (D) potential consequences on the limiting of oversales; and
                    (E) best practices on how oversale policies can be 
                communicated to passengers at airline check-in desks and airport 
                gates.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the review under paragraph (2).
    (g) Gate Notice of Policies.--The Secretary may provide guidance on how 
these policies should be communicated at covered air carrier check-in desks and 
airport gates.

SEC. 426. REPORT ON AVAILABILITY OF LAVATORIES ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report assessing--
            (1) the availability of functional lavatories on commercial aircraft
            (2) the extent to which flights take off without functional 
        lavatories;
            (3) the ability of passengers with disabilities to access lavatories 
        on commercial aircraft;
            (4) the extent of complaints to the Department of Transportation and 
        air carriers related to lavatories and efforts they have taken to 
        address complaints; and
            (5) the extent to which air carriers are reducing the size and 
        number of lavatories to add more seats and whether this creates 
        passenger lavatory access issues.

SEC. 427. CONSUMER PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO LARGE TICKET AGENTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue a final rule to require large 
ticket agents to adopt minimum customer service standards.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the final rule shall be to ensure that, to the 
extent feasible, there is a consistent level of consumer protection regardless 
of where consumers purchase air fares and related air transportation services.
    (c) Standards.--In issuing the final rule, the Secretary shall consider, to 
the extent feasible, establishing standards consistent with all customer service 
and disclosure requirements applicable to covered air carriers under this title 
and associated regulations.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Ticket agent.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the term 
                ``ticket agent'' has the meaning given that term in section 
                40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``ticket agent'' includes a person 
                who acts as an intermediary involved in the sale of air 
                transportation directly or indirectly to consumers, including by 
                operating an electronic airline information system, if the 
                person--
                            (i) holds the person out as a source of information 
                        about, or reservations for, the air transportation 
                        industry; and
                            (ii) receives compensation in any way related to the 
                        sale of air transportation.
            (2) Large ticket agent.--The term ``large ticket agent'' means a 
        ticket agent with annual revenues of $100,000,000 or more.
    (e) Enforcement.--No large ticket agent may be found in noncompliance of any 
standard or requirement adopted in the final rule required by this section if--
            (1) the large ticket agent is unable to meet the new standard or 
        requirement due to the lack of information or data from the covered air 
        carrier and the information is required for the large ticket agent to 
        comply with such standard or requirement; or
            (2) the sale of air transportation is made by a large ticket agent 
        pursuant to a specific corporate or government fare management contract.

SEC. 428. WIDESPREAD DISRUPTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 423 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 42304. Widespread disruptions
    ``(a) General Requirements.--In the event of a widespread disruption, a 
covered air carrier shall immediately publish, via a prominent link on the air 
carrier's public internet website, a clear statement indicating whether, with 
respect to a passenger of the air carrier whose travel is interrupted as a 
result of the widespread disruption, the air carrier will--
            ``(1) provide for hotel accommodations;
            ``(2) arrange for ground transportation;
            ``(3) provide meal vouchers;
            ``(4) arrange for air transportation on another air carrier or 
        foreign air carrier to the passenger's destination; and
            ``(5) provide for sleeping facilities inside the airport terminal.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            ``(1) Widespread disruption.--The term `widespread disruption' 
        means, with respect to a covered air carrier, the interruption of all or 
        the overwhelming majority of the air carrier's systemwide flight 
        operations, including flight delays and cancellations, as the result of 
        the failure of 1 or more computer systems or computer networks of the 
        air carrier.
            ``(2) Covered air carrier.--The term `covered air carrier' means an 
        air carrier that provides scheduled passenger air transportation by 
        operating an aircraft that as originally designed has a passenger 
        capacity of 30 or more seats.
    ``(c) Savings Provision.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
modify, abridge, or repeal any obligation of an air carrier under section 
42301.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 423 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``42304. Widespread disruptions.''.

SEC. 429. PASSENGER RIGHTS.

    (a) Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall require each covered air carrier to 
submit a summarized 1-page document that describes the rights of passengers in 
air transportation, including guidelines for the following:
            (1) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, and 
        lodging) for flight delays of various lengths.
            (2) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, and 
        lodging) for flight diversions.
            (3) Compensation (regarding rebooking options, refunds, meals, and 
        lodging) for flight cancellations.
            (4) Compensation for mishandled baggage, including delayed, damaged, 
        pilfered, or lost baggage.
            (5) Voluntary relinquishment of a ticketed seat due to overbooking 
        or priority of other passengers.
            (6) Involuntary denial of boarding and forced removal for whatever 
        reason, including for safety and security reasons.
    (b) Filing of Summarized Guidelines.--Not later than 90 days after each air 
carrier submits its guidelines to the Secretary under subsection (a), the air 
carrier shall make available such 1-page document in a prominent location on its 
website.

                Subtitle B--Aviation Consumers With Disabilities

SEC. 431. AVIATION CONSUMERS WITH DISABILITIES STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study that 
includes--
            (1) a review of airport accessibility best practices for individuals 
        with disabilities, including best practices that improve infrastructure 
        facilities and communications methods, including those related to 
        wayfinding, amenities, and passenger care;
            (2) a review of air carrier and airport training policies related to 
        section 41705 of title 49, United States Code;
            (3) a review of air carrier training policies related to properly 
        assisting passengers with disabilities; and
            (4) a review of accessibility best practices that exceed those 
        recommended under Public Law 90-480 (popularly known as the 
        Architectural Barriers Act of 1968; 42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq.), the 
        Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), the Air Carrier 
        Access Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-435; 100 Stat. 1080 et seq.), and the 
        Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date the Comptroller General 
initiates the study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit 
to the Secretary of Transportation and the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the study, including findings and recommendations.

SEC. 432. STUDY ON IN-CABIN WHEELCHAIR RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Transportation, aircraft manufacturers, air carriers, and 
disability advocates, shall conduct a study to determine--
            (1) the feasibility of in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems; and
            (2) if feasible, the ways in which individuals with significant 
        disabilities using wheelchairs, including power wheelchairs, can be 
        accommodated with in-cabin wheelchair restraint systems.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the initiation of the study under 
subsection (a), the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board 
shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings 
of the study.

SEC. 433. IMPROVING WHEELCHAIR ASSISTANCE FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES .

    Following the receipt of the report required under section 2107 of the FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 622), 
the Secretary of Transportation shall develop, if appropriate, specific 
recommendations regarding improvements to wheelchair assistance provided by air 
carriers and recommendations on how training programs by air carriers can 
address consumer complaints regarding wheelchair assistance.

SEC. 434. AIRLINE PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES BILL OF RIGHTS.

    (a) Airline Passengers With Disabilities Bill of Rights.--The Secretary of 
Transportation shall develop a document, to be known as the ``Airline Passengers 
with Disabilities Bill of Rights'', using plain language to describe the basic 
protections and responsibilities of covered air carriers, their employees and 
contractors, and people with disabilities under the section 41705 of title 49, 
United States Code.
    (b) Content.--In developing the Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of 
Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary shall include, at a minimum, plain 
language descriptions of protections and responsibilities provided in law 
related to the following:
            (1) The right of passengers with disabilities to be treated with 
        dignity and respect.
            (2) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive timely 
        assistance, if requested, from properly trained covered air carrier and 
        contractor personnel.
            (3) The right of passengers with disabilities to travel with 
        wheelchairs, mobility aids, and other assistive devices, including 
        necessary medications and medical supplies, including stowage of such 
        wheelchairs, aids, and devices.
            (4) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive seating 
        accommodations, if requested, to accommodate a disability.
            (5) The right of passengers with disabilities to receive 
        announcements in an accessible format.
            (6) The right of passengers with disabilities to speak with a 
        complaint resolution officer or to file a complaint with a covered air 
        carrier or the Department of Transportation.
    (c) Rule of Construction.--The development of the Airline Passengers with 
Disabilities Bill of Rights under subsections (a) and (b) shall not be construed 
as expanding or restricting the rights available to passengers with disabilities 
on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act pursuant to any statute 
or regulation.
    (d) Consultations.--In developing the Airline Passengers with Disabilities 
Bill of Rights under subsection (a), the Secretary of Transportation shall 
consult with stakeholders, including disability organizations and covered air 
carriers and their contractors.
    (e) Display.--Each covered air carrier shall include the Airline Passengers 
with Disabilities Bill of Rights--
            (1) on a publicly available internet website of the covered air 
        carrier; and
            (2) in any pre-flight notifications or communications provided to 
        passengers who alert the covered air carrier in advance of the need for 
        accommodations relating to a disability.
    (f) Training.--Covered air carriers and contractors of covered air carriers 
shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation plans that ensure employees of 
covered air carriers and their contractors receive training on the protections 
and responsibilities described in the Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill 
of Rights. The Secretary shall review such plans to ensure the plans address the 
matters described in subsection (b).

SEC. 435. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING EQUAL ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
              DISABILITIES.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the aviation industry and every relevant stakeholder must work 
        to ensure that every individual who experiences a disability has equal 
        access to air travel;
            (2) as technology and ease of travel continue to advance, 
        accessibility must be a priority; and
            (3) accommodations must--
                    (A) extend to every airport and service or facility of an 
                air carrier; and
                    (B) be inclusive of every disability.

SEC. 436. CIVIL PENALTIES RELATING TO HARM TO PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    Section 46301(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(7) Penalties Relating to Harm to Passengers With Disabilities.--
            ``(A) Penalty for bodily harm or damage to wheelchair or other 
        mobility aid.--The amount of a civil penalty assessed under this section 
        for a violation of section 41705 that involves damage to a passenger's 
        wheelchair or other mobility aid or injury to a passenger with a 
        disability may be increased above the otherwise applicable maximum 
        amount under this section for a violation of section 41705 to an amount 
        not to exceed 3 times the maximum penalty otherwise allowed.
            ``(B) Each act constitutes separate offense.--Notwithstanding 
        paragraph (2), a separate violation of section 41705 occurs for each act 
        of discrimination prohibited by that section.''.

SEC. 437. HARMONIZATION OF SERVICE ANIMAL STANDARDS.

    (a) Rulemaking.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a rulemaking 
proceeding--
            (1) to define the term ``service animal'' for purposes of air 
        transportation; and
            (2) to develop minimum standards for what is required for service 
        and emotional support animals carried in aircraft cabins.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the rulemaking under subsection (a), the 
Secretary shall consider, at a minimum--
            (1) whether to align the definition of ``service animal'' with the 
        definition of that term in regulations of the Department of Justice 
        implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Public Law 
        101-336);
            (2) reasonable measures to ensure pets are not claimed as service 
        animals, such as--
                    (A) whether to require photo identification for a service 
                animal identifying the type of animal, the breed of animal, and 
                the service the animal provides to the passenger;
                    (B) whether to require documentation indicating whether or 
                not a service animal was trained by the owner or an approved 
                training organization;
                    (C) whether to require, from a licensed physician, 
                documentation indicating the mitigating task or tasks a service 
                animal provides to its owner; and
                    (D) whether to allow a passenger to be accompanied by more 
                than 1 service animal;
            (3) reasonable measures to ensure the safety of all passengers, such 
        as--
                    (A) whether to require health and vaccination records for a 
                service animal; and
                    (B) whether to require third-party proof of behavioral 
                training for a service animal;
            (4) the impact additional requirements on service animals could have 
        on access to air transportation for passengers with disabilities; and
            (5) if impacts on access to air transportation for passengers with 
        disabilities are found, ways to eliminate or mitigate those impacts.
    (c) Final Rule.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall issue a final rule pursuant to the rulemaking 
conducted under this section.

SEC. 438. REVIEW OF PRACTICES FOR TICKETING, PRE-FLIGHT SEAT ASSIGNMENTS, AND 
              STOWING OF ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the first meeting of 
        the advisory committee on the air travel needs of passengers with 
        disabilities established in section 439 (referred to in this section as 
        the ``Advisory Committee''), the Secretary of Transportation shall 
        direct the Advisory Committee to review current regulations with respect 
        to practices for ticketing, pre-flight seat assignments, and stowing of 
        assistive devices for passengers with disabilities.
            (2) Recommendations.--In carrying out the review under paragraph 
        (1), the Advisory Committee shall, at a minimum, provide recommendations 
        on whether current regulations should be modified or prescribed to--
                    (A) provide accommodations for passengers with disabilities, 
                if requested, in ticketing and pre-flight assignments;
                    (B) require covered air carriers to provide priority access 
                to bulkhead seating to passengers with disabilities who need 
                access to features of those seats due to disabilities regardless 
                of class of service of ticket purchased; and
                    (C) ensure passengers with disabilities are able to stow 
                assistive devices without cost.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of their first meeting, 
the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation and the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the review conducted under 
subsection (a)(1), including the recommendations developed under subsection 
(a)(2).

SEC. 439. ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE AIR TRAVEL NEEDS OF PASSENGERS WITH 
              DISABILITIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish an 
advisory committee on issues related to the air travel needs of passengers with 
disabilities (referred to in this section as the ``Advisory Committee'').
    (b) Duties.--The Advisory Committee shall--
            (1) identify and assess the disability-related access barriers 
        encountered by passengers with disabilities;
            (2) determine the extent to which the programs and activities of the 
        Department of Transportation are addressing the barriers identified in 
        paragraph (1);
            (3) recommend consumer protection improvements to the air travel 
        experience of passengers with disabilities;
            (4) advise the Secretary with regard to the implementation of 
        section 41705 of title 49, United States Code; and
            (5) conduct such activities as the Secretary considers necessary to 
        carry out this section.
    (c) Membership.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of at 
        least 1 representative of each of the following groups:
                    (A) Passengers with disabilities.
                    (B) National disability organizations.
                    (C) Air carriers.
                    (D) Airport operators.
                    (E) Contractor service providers.
                    (F) Aircraft manufacturers.
                    (G) Wheelchair manufacturers.
                    (H) National veterans organizations representing disabled 
                veterans.
            (2) Appointment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall appoint each 
        member of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall be filled 
        in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
    (d) Chairperson.--The Secretary of Transportation shall designate, from 
among the members appointed under subsection (c), an individual to serve as 
chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
    (e) Travel Expenses.--Members of the Advisory Committee shall serve without 
pay, but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
subsistence, in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United 
States Code.
    (f) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 14 months after the date of 
        establishment of the Advisory Committee, and annually thereafter, the 
        Advisory Committee shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation a 
        report on the needs of passengers with disabilities in air travel, 
        including--
                    (A) an assessment of existing disability-related access 
                barriers, and any emerging disability-related access barriers 
                that will likely be an issue in the next 5 calendar years;
                    (B) an evaluation of the extent to which the Department of 
                Transportation's programs and activities are eliminating 
                disability-related access barriers;
                    (C) a description of the Advisory Committee's actions;
                    (D) a description of improvements related to the air travel 
                experience of passengers with disabilities; and
                    (E) any recommendations for legislation, administrative 
                action, or other action that the Advisory Committee considers 
                appropriate.
            (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after the date the 
        Secretary receives the report under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the report, 
        including any additional findings or recommendations that the Secretary 
        considers appropriate.
    (g) Termination.--The Advisory Committee established under this section 
shall terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (h) Termination of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Senior 
Policy Committee.--The Next Generation Air Transportation System Senior Policy 
Committee established by the Secretary of Transportation shall terminate on the 
date of the initial appointment of the members of the Advisory Committee.

SEC. 440. REGULATIONS ENSURING ASSISTANCE FOR PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES IN 
              AIR TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall--
            (1) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations to 
        ensure that passengers with disabilities who request assistance while 
        traveling in air transportation receive dignified, timely, and effective 
        assistance at airports and on aircraft from trained personnel; and
            (2) review, and if necessary revise, applicable regulations related 
        to covered air carrier training programs for air carrier personnel, 
        including contractors, who provide physical assistance to passengers 
        with disabilities to ensure that training under such programs--
                    (A) occurs on an annual schedule for all new and continuing 
                personnel charged with providing physical assistance; and
                    (B) includes, as appropriate, instruction by personnel, with 
                hands-on training for employees who physically lift or otherwise 
                physically assist passengers with disabilities, including the 
                use of relevant equipment.
    (b) Types of Assistance.--The assistance referred to subsection (a)(1) may 
include requests for assistance in boarding or deplaning an aircraft, requests 
for assistance in connecting between flights, and other similar or related 
requests, as appropriate.

SEC. 441. TRANSPARENCY FOR DISABLED PASSENGERS.

    The compliance date of the final rule, dated November 2, 2016, on the 
reporting of data for mishandled baggage and wheelchairs in aircraft cargo 
compartments (81 Fed. Reg. 76300) shall be effective not later than 60 days 
after the date of enactment of this Act.

                     Subtitle C--Small Community Air Service

SEC. 451. ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE AUTHORIZATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 41742(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2011'' and all that follows 
before ``to carry out'' and inserting ``$155,000,000 for fiscal year 2018, 
$158,000,000 for fiscal year 2019, $161,000,000 for fiscal year 2020, 
$165,000,000 for fiscal year 2021, $168,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, and 
$172,000,000 for fiscal year 2023''.
    (b) Seasonal Service.--The Secretary of Transportation may consider the 
flexibility of current operational dates and airport accessibility to meet local 
community needs when issuing requests for proposal of essential air service at 
seasonal airports.

SEC. 452. STUDY ON ESSENTIAL AIR SERVICE REFORM.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
        conduct a study on the effects of section 6 of the Airport and Airway 
        Extension Act of 2011, Part IV (Public Law 112-27), section 421 of the 
        FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95), and other 
        relevant Federal laws enacted after 2010, including the amendments made 
        by those laws, on the Essential Air Service program.
            (2) Scope.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the 
        Comptroller General shall analyze, at a minimum--
                    (A) the impact of each relevant Federal law, including the 
                amendments made by each law, on the Essential Air Service 
                program;
                    (B) what actions communities and air carriers have taken to 
                reduce ticket prices or increase enplanements as a result of 
                each law;
                    (C) the issuance of waivers by the Secretary under section 
                41731(e) of title 49, United States Code;
                    (D) whether budgetary savings resulted from each law; and
                    (E) options for further reform of the Essential Air Service 
                program.
    (b) Required Analysis on Communities.--In carrying out subsection (a)(2)(E) 
the Comptroller General shall include, for each option for further reform, an 
analysis of the impact on local economies of communities with airports receiving 
Essential Air Service funding, access to air travel for residents of rural 
communities and the impact to local businesses in such communities.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 453. AIR TRANSPORTATION TO NONELIGIBLE PLACES.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 41731(a)(1)(A)(ii) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform 
Act for the 21st Century,'' and inserting ``FAA Extension, Safety, and Security 
Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190),''.
    (b) Program Sunset.--Section 41736 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Sunset.--
            ``(1) Proposals.--No proposal under subsection (a) may be accepted 
        by the Secretary after the date of enactment of this subsection.
            ``(2) Program.--The Secretary may not provide any compensation under 
        this section after the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment 
        of this subsection.''.

SEC. 454. INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF SERVICE AND OVERSIGHT OF UNSUBSIDIZED 
              CARRIERS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall conduct and 
complete a review of orders issued by the Department of Transportation from 2005 
through the date of enactment of this Act to determine whether the carriers 
providing unsubsidized service provided basic essential air service, and whether 
the Department conducted sufficient oversight of carriers providing unsubsidized 
service to ensure air service quality and community satisfaction.
    (b) Contents.--The review shall include, at a minimum--
            (1) a review of the Department's efforts to communicate to the 
        community served by the unsubsidized carrier on any material air service 
        changes; and
            (2) a review of the Department's efforts to closely monitor the 
        quality of air service provided by the unsubsidized carrier and request 
        proposals for basic essential air service if necessary.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date of completion of the 
review, the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review.

SEC. 455. SMALL COMMUNITY AIR SERVICE.

    (a) Eligibility.--Section 41743(c) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Size.--On the date of submission of the relevant application 
        under subsection (b), the airport serving the community or consortium--
                    ``(A) is not larger than a small hub airport, as determined 
                using the Department of Transportation's most recently published 
                classification; and
                    ``(B) has--
                            ``(i) insufficient air carrier service; or
                            ``(ii) unreasonably high air fares.'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Overall limit.--
                    ``(A) In general.--No more than 40 communities or consortia 
                of communities, or a combination thereof, may be selected to 
                participate in the program in each year for which funds are 
                appropriated for the program.
                    ``(B) Same projects.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (C), no community, consortia of communities, or combination 
                thereof may participate in the program in support of the same 
                project more than once in a 10-year period, but any community, 
                consortia of communities, or combination thereof may apply, 
                subsequent to such participation, to participate in the program 
                in support of a different project at any time.
                    ``(C) Exception.--The Secretary may waive the limitation 
                under subparagraph (B) related to projects that are the same if 
                the Secretary determines that the community or consortium spent 
                little or no money on its previous project or encountered 
                industry or environmental challenges, due to circumstances that 
                were reasonably beyond the control of the community or 
                consortium.'';
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and (F) as 
                subparagraphs (F) and (G), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                    ``(E) the assistance will be used to help restore scheduled 
                passenger air service that has been terminated;''.
    (b) Authority to Make Agreements.--Section 41743(e)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: ``The Secretary may 
amend the scope of a grant agreement at the request of the community or 
consortium and any participating air carrier, and may limit the scope of a grant 
agreement to only the elements using grant assistance or to only the elements 
achieved, if the Secretary determines that the amendment is reasonably 
consistent with the original purpose of the project.''
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 41743(e)(2) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 
        through 2023 to carry out this section. Such sums shall remain available 
        until expended.''.

SEC. 456. WAIVERS.

    Section 41732 is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Waivers.--Notwithstanding section 41733(e), upon request by an 
eligible place, the Secretary may waive, in whole or in part, subsections (a) 
and (b) of this section or subsections (a) through (c) of section 41734. A 
waiver issued under this subsection shall remain in effect for a limited period 
of time, as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 457. EXTENSION OF FINAL ORDER ESTABLISHING MILEAGE ADJUSTMENT ELIGIBILITY.

    Section 409(d) of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act 
(49 U.S.C. 41731 note) is amended by striking ``2018'' and inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 458. REDUCTION IN SUBSIDY-PER-PASSENGER.

    Section 426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (126 Stat. 98) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Reduction in Subsidy-per-passenger.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall waive application of the 
        subsidy-per-passenger cap described under subsection (c) if the 
        Secretary finds that the community's subsidy-per-passenger for a fiscal 
        year is lower than the subsidy-per-passenger for any of the 3 previous 
        fiscal years.
            ``(2) Exception.--The Secretary shall waive application of the 
        subsidy-per-passenger cap if the subsidy-per-passenger for a fiscal year 
        is less than 10 percent higher than the highest subsidy-per-passenger 
        from any of the 3 previous fiscal years. The Secretary may only waive 
        application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap under this paragraph once 
        per community.
            ``(3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed to limit the Secretary's ability under subsection (c) to waive 
        application of the subsidy-per-passenger cap.''.

                             TITLE V--MISCELLANEOUS

SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administration.--The term ``Administration'' means the Federal 
        Aviation Administration.
            (2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the FAA.
            (3) ADS-B.--The term ``ADS-B'' means automatic dependent 
        surveillance-broadcast.
            (4) ADS-B out.--The term ``ADS-B Out'' means automatic dependent 
        surveillance-broadcast with the ability to transmit information from the 
        aircraft to ground stations and to other equipped aircraft.
            (5) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (6) Nextgen.--The term ``NextGen'' means the Next Generation Air 
        Transportation System.

SEC. 502. REPORT ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL MODERNIZATION.

    (a) FAA Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report describing the multiyear effort of the Administration to modernize the 
air transportation system (in this section referred to as the ``modernization 
effort''), including--
            (1) the number of years that the modernization effort has been 
        underway as of the date of the report;
            (2) the total amount of money expended on the modernization effort 
        as of the date of the report (including a description of how that amount 
        was calculated);
            (3) the net present value of the benefits reported from aircraft 
        operators resulting from the money expended on the modernization effort 
        as of the date of the report;
            (4) a definition for NextGen, including a description of any changes 
        to that definition that occurred between 2003 and the date of the 
        report;
            (5) the net present value of the money expended on NextGen as of the 
        date of the report if such money had been deposited into a Government 
        trust fund instead of being expended on NextGen;
            (6) a description of the benefits promised and benefits delivered 
        with respect to NextGen as of the date of the report;
            (7) any changes to the benefits promised with respect to NextGen 
        between the date on which NextGen began and the date of the report;
            (8) a description of each program or project that comprises NextGen, 
        including--
                    (A) when the program or project was initiated;
                    (B) the total budget for the program or project;
                    (C) the initial budget for the program or project;
                    (D) the acquisition program baseline for the program or 
                project;
                    (E) whether the program or project has ever breached the 
                acquisition program baseline and, if so, a description of when, 
                why, and how the breach was resolved;
                    (F) whether the program or project has been re-baselined or 
                divided into smaller segments and, if so, a description of when, 
                why, and the impact to the cost of the program or project;
                    (G) the initial schedule for the program or project;
                    (H) whether the program or project was delayed and, if so, a 
                description of how long, why, and the impact to the cost of the 
                program or project;
                    (I) whether the Administration changed any contract term or 
                deliverable for the program or project and, if so, a description 
                of the change, why it happened, and the impact to the cost of 
                the program or project;
                    (J) benefits promised with respect to the program or project 
                at initiation;
                    (K) benefits delivered with respect to the program or 
                project as of the date of the report;
                    (L) whether the program or project was cancelled and, if so, 
                a description of why and when;
                    (M) for cancelled programs or projects, whether there were 
                any costs associated with the decision to cancel and, if so, a 
                description of the amount of the costs (including for both the 
                Administration and the private sector);
                    (N) the metrics, milestones, and deadlines set for the 
                program or project and how the Administration tracked and 
                ensured compliance with those metrics, milestones, and 
                deadlines;
                    (O) how the Administration conducted oversight of the 
                program or project and any related stakeholder collaboration 
                efforts;
                    (P) the status of the program or project as of the date of 
                the report; and
                    (Q) an assessment of the key risks to the full 
                implementation of the program and a description of how the 
                Administration is mitigating, or plans to mitigate, those risks;
            (9) the date upon which, or milestone by which, the Administration 
        anticipates NextGen will be complete; and
            (10) any lessons learned during the NextGen effort, and whether, 
        how, and to what effect those lessons have been applied.
    (b) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date on 
which the report required under subsection (a) is submitted, the inspector 
general of the Department of Transportation shall review the report and submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a statement of the inspector general 
that--
            (1) determines the accuracy of the information reported;
            (2) describes any concerns with the accuracy of the information 
        reported;
            (3) summarizes concerns raised by the inspector general, the 
        Government Accountability Office, and other sources with respect to the 
        Administration's implementation and oversight of NextGen since the date 
        on which NextGen began;
            (4) describes--
                    (A) any pertinent recommendations made by the inspector 
                general related to the Administration's implementation and 
                oversight of NextGen since the date on which NextGen began; and
                    (B) whether and how the Administration addressed the 
                recommendations; and
            (5) provides any other information that the inspector general 
        determines is appropriate.

SEC. 503. RETURN ON INVESTMENT REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter until the date that each NextGen program has a 
positive return on investment, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the status of each NextGen program, including 
the most recent NextGen priority list under subsection (c).
    (b) Contents.--The report under subsection (a) shall include, for each 
NextGen program--
            (1) an estimate of the date the program will have a positive return 
        on investment;
            (2) an explanation for any delay in the delivery of expected 
        benefits from previously published estimates on delivery of such 
        benefits, in implementing or utilizing the program;
            (3) an estimate of the completion date;
            (4) an assessment of the long-term and near-term user benefits of 
        the program for--
                    (A) the Federal Government; and
                    (B) the users of the national airspace system; and
            (5) a description of how the program directly contributes to a safer 
        and more efficient air traffic control system.
    (c) NextGen Priority List.--Based on the assessment under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall--
            (1) develop, in coordination with the NextGen Advisory Committee and 
        considering the need for a balance between long-term and near-term user 
        benefits, a prioritization of the NextGen programs;
            (2) annually update the priority list under paragraph (1); and
            (3) prepare budget submissions to reflect the current status of 
        NextGen programs and projected returns on investment for each NextGen 
        program.
    (d) Definition of Return on Investment.--In this section, the term ``return 
on investment'' means the cost associated with technologies that are required by 
law or policy as compared to the financial benefits derived from such 
technologies by a government or a user of airspace.
    (e) Repeal of Nextgen Priorities.--Section 202 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (Public Law 112-95; 49 U.S.C. 40101 note) and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents under section 1(b) of that Act 
are repealed.

SEC. 504. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLANS.

    (a) Air Traffic Control Operational Contingency Plans.--Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the 
Administration's air traffic control operational contingency plans (FAA Order JO 
1900.47E), and, as the Administrator considers appropriate, update such plans, 
to address potential air traffic facility outages that could have a major impact 
on the operation of the national airspace system, including the most recent 
findings and recommendations in the report under subsection (c).
    (b) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the air traffic control 
operational contingency plans are reviewed under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the review, including any recommendations for ensuring air traffic facility 
outages do not have a major impact on the operation of the national airspace 
system.
    (c) Resiliency Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter as the Administrator 
considers appropriate, the Administrator shall convene NextGen program officials 
to evaluate, expedite, and complete a report on how planned NextGen capabilities 
can enhance the resiliency and continuity of national airspace system operations 
and mitigate the impact of future air traffic control disruptions.

SEC. 505. 2020 ADS-B OUT MANDATE PLAN.

    The Administrator, in collaboration with the NextGen Advisory Committee, 
shall--
            (1) not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act--
                    (A) identify any known and potential barriers to compliance 
                with the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate under section 91.225 of title 
                14, Code of Federal Regulations;
                    (B) develop a plan to address the known barriers identified 
                in paragraph (1), including a schedule for--
                            (i) periodically reevaluating the potential barriers 
                        identified in paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) developing solutions and implementing actions 
                        to address the known and potential barriers; and
                    (C) submit the plan to the appropriate committees of 
                Congress; and
            (2) not later than 90 days after the date the plan is submitted 
        under paragraph (1), submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        report on the progress made toward meeting the 2020 ADS-B Out mandate.

SEC. 506. SECURING AIRCRAFT AVIONICS SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall consider, where appropriate, 
revising Federal Aviation Administration regulations regarding airworthiness 
certification--
            (1) to address cybersecurity for avionics systems, including 
        software components; and
            (2) to require that aircraft avionics systems used for flight 
        guidance or aircraft control be secured against unauthorized access via 
        passenger in-flight entertainment systems through such means as the 
        Administrator determines appropriate to protect the avionics systems 
        from unauthorized external and internal access.
    (b) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall 
consider the recommendations of the Aircraft Systems Information Security 
Protection Working Group under section 2111 of the FAA Extension Safety and 
Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615).

SEC. 507. HUMAN FACTORS.

    (a) In General.--In order to avoid having to subsequently modify products 
and services developed as a part of NextGen, the Administrator shall--
            (1) recognize and incorporate, in early design phases of all 
        relevant NextGen programs, the human factors and procedural and airspace 
        implications of stated goals and associated technical changes; and
            (2) ensure that a human factors specialist, separate from the 
        research and certification groups, is directly involved with the NextGen 
        approval process.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the progress made toward implementing the requirements under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 508. PROGRAMMATIC RISK MANAGEMENT.

    To better inform the Administration's decisions regarding the prioritization 
of efforts and allocation of resources for NextGen, the Administrator shall--
            (1) solicit input from specialists in probability and statistics to 
        identify and prioritize the programmatic and implementation risks to 
        NextGen; and
            (2) develop a method to manage and mitigate the risks identified in 
        paragraph (1).

SEC. 509. REVIEW OF FAA STRATEGIC CYBERSECURITY PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall initiate a review of the comprehensive and 
strategic framework of principles and policies (referred to in this section as 
the ``framework'') developed pursuant to section 2111 of the FAA Extension, 
Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44903 note).
    (b) Contents.--In undertaking the review under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) assess the degree to which the framework identifies and 
        addresses known cybersecurity risks associated with the aviation system;
            (2) review existing short- and long-term objectives for addressing 
        cybersecurity risks to the national airspace system; and
            (3) assess the Administration's level of engagement and coordination 
        with aviation stakeholders and other appropriate agencies, 
        organizations, or groups with which the Administration consults to carry 
        out the framework.
    (c) Updates.--Upon completion of the review under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall modify the framework, as appropriate, to address any 
deficiencies identified by the review.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after initiating the review 
required by subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the review, including a 
description of any modifications made to the framework.

SEC. 510. CONSOLIDATION AND REALIGNMENT OF FAA SERVICES AND FACILITIES.

    (a) Purpose and Input.--Section 804(a) of the FAA Modernization and Reform 
Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``The purpose of the report shall 
        be--'' and all that follows through ``(B) to reduce'' and inserting 
        ``The purpose of the report shall be to reduce''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following:
            ``(4) Input.--The report shall be prepared by the Administrator (or 
        the Administrator's designee) with the participation of--
                    ``(A) representatives of labor organizations representing 
                air traffic control system employees of the FAA; and
                    ``(B) industry stakeholders.''.
    (b) Military Operations Exclusion.--Section 804 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
    ``(e) Military Operations Exclusion.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator may not realign or consolidate 
        a combined TRACON and tower with radar facility of the FAA under this 
        section if, in 2015, the total annual military operations at the 
        facility comprised at least 40 percent of the total annual TRACON 
        operations at the facility.
            ``(2) TRACON defined.--In this subsection, the term `TRACON' means 
        terminal radar approach control.''.

SEC. 511. FAA REVIEW AND REFORM.

    (a) Agency Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a detailed analysis of any actions taken to address the findings and 
recommendations included in the report required under section 812(d) of the FAA 
Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 106 note), including--
            (1) consolidating, phasing-out, or eliminating duplicative 
        positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) eliminating or streamlining wasteful practices;
            (3) eliminating or phasing-out redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary 
        functions;
            (4) reforming and streamlining inefficient processes so that the 
        activities of the Administration are completed in an expedited and 
        efficient manner; and
            (5) reforming or eliminating ineffectual or outdated policies.
    (b) Additional Review.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall undertake and complete a thorough review of 
each program, office, and organization within the Administration to identify--
            (1) duplicative positions, programs, roles, or offices;
            (2) wasteful practices;
            (3) redundant, obsolete, or unnecessary functions;
            (4) inefficient processes; and
            (5) ineffectual or outdated policies.
    (c) Actions To Streamline and Reform FAA.--Not later than 60 days after the 
date of completion of the review under subsection (b), the Administrator shall 
undertake such actions as may be necessary to address the findings of the 
Administrator under such subsection.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
completion of the review under subsection (b), the Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the actions taken by the 
Administrator pursuant to subsection (c), including any recommendations for 
legislative or administrative actions.

SEC. 512. AIR SHOWS.

    On an annual basis, the Administrator shall work with representatives of 
Administration-approved air shows, the general aviation community, and stadiums 
and other large outdoor events and venues to identify and resolve, to the 
maximum extent practicable, scheduling conflicts between Administration-approved 
air shows and large outdoor events and venues where--
            (1) flight restrictions will be imposed pursuant to section 521 of 
        title V of division F of Public Law 108-199 (118 Stat. 343); or
            (2) any other restriction will be imposed pursuant to Federal 
        Aviation Administration Flight Data Center Notice to Airmen 4/3621 (or 
        any successor notice to airmen).

SEC. 513. PART 91 REVIEW, REFORM, AND STREAMLINING.

    (a) Establishment of Task Force.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a task force comprised 
of representatives of the general aviation industry who regularly perform part 
91 operations, labor unions (including those representing FAA aviation safety 
inspectors and FAA aviation safety engineers), manufacturers, and the Government 
to--
            (1) conduct an assessment of the FAA oversight and authorization 
        processes and requirements for aircraft under part 91; and
            (2) make recommendations to streamline the applicable authorization 
        and approval processes, improve safety, and reduce regulatory cost 
        burdens and delays for the FAA and aircraft owners and operators who 
        operate pursuant to part 91.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the assessment and making recommendations under 
subsection (a), the task force shall consider--
            (1) process reforms and improvements to allow the FAA to review and 
        approve applications in a fair and timely fashion;
            (2) the appropriateness of requiring an authorization for each 
        experimental aircraft rather than using a broader all-makes-and-models 
        approach;
            (3) ways to improve the timely response to letters of authorization 
        applications for aircraft owners and operators who operate pursuant to 
        part 91, including setting deadlines and granting temporary or automatic 
        authorizations if deadlines are missed by the FAA;
            (4) methods for enhancing the effective use of delegation systems;
            (5) methods for training the FAA's field office employees in risk-
        based and safety management system oversight; and
            (6) such other matters related to streamlining part 91 authorization 
        and approval processes as the task force considers appropriate.
    (c) Report to Congress.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the results of the task force's 
        assessment.
            (2) Contents.--The report shall include an explanation of how the 
        Administrator will--
                    (A) implement the recommendations of the task force;
                    (B) measure progress in implementing the recommendations; 
                and
                    (C) measure the effectiveness of the implemented 
                recommendations.
    (d) Implementation of Recommendations.--Not later than 18 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall implement the 
recommendations made under this section.
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``part 91'' means part 91 of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (f) Applicable Law.--Public Law 92-463 shall not apply to the task force.
    (g) Sunset.--The task force shall terminate on the day the Administrator 
submits the report required under subsection (c).

SEC. 514. AIRCRAFT LEASING.

    Section 44112(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``on land or water''; and
            (2) by inserting ``operational'' before ``control''.

SEC. 515. PILOTS SHARING FLIGHT EXPENSES WITH PASSENGERS.

    (a) Guidance.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall make publicly available, in a clear 
        and concise format, advisory guidance that describes how a pilot may 
        share flight expenses with passengers in a manner consistent with 
        Federal law, including regulations.
            (2) Examples included.--The guidance shall include examples of--
                    (A) flights for which pilots and passengers may share 
                expenses;
                    (B) flights for which pilots and passengers may not share 
                expenses;
                    (C) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers 
                may use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared; and
                    (D) the methods of communication that pilots and passengers 
                may not use to arrange flights for which expenses are shared.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
        guidance is made publicly available under subsection (a), the 
        Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report analyzing Federal policy with respect to 
        pilots sharing flight expenses with passengers.
            (2) Evaluations included.--The report submitted under paragraph (1) 
        shall include an evaluation of--
                    (A) the rationale for such Federal policy;
                    (B) safety and other concerns related to pilots sharing 
                flight expenses with passengers; and
                    (C) benefits related to pilots sharing flight expenses with 
                passengers.

SEC. 516. TERMINAL AERODROME FORECAST.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall permit a covered air carrier to 
operate to or from a location in a noncontiguous State without a Terminal 
Aerodrome Forecast or Meteorological Aerodrome Report if--
            (1) such location is determined to be under visual meteorological 
        conditions;
            (2) a current Area Forecast, supplemented by other local weather 
        observations or reports, is available; and
            (3) an alternate airport that has an available Terminal Aerodrome 
        Forecast and weather report is specified.
    (b) Procedures.--A covered air carrier shall--
            (1) have approved procedures for dispatch or release and enroute 
        weather evaluation; and
            (2) operate under instrument flight rules enroute to the 
        destination.
    (c) Limitation.--Without a written finding of necessity, based on objective 
and historical evidence of imminent threat to safety, the Administrator shall 
not promulgate any operation specification, policy, or guidance document 
pursuant to this section that is more restrictive than, or requires procedures 
that are not expressly stated in, the regulations.
    (d) Covered Air Carrier Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered air 
carrier'' means an air carrier operating in a noncontiguous State under part 121 
of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.

SEC. 517. PUBLIC AIRCRAFT ELIGIBLE FOR LOGGING FLIGHT TIMES.

    The Administrator shall issue regulations modifying section 61.51(j)(4) of 
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, so as to include aircraft under the 
direct operational control of forestry and fire protection agencies as public 
aircraft eligible for logging flight times.

SEC. 518. AIRCRAFT REGISTRY OFFICE.

    The Administrator shall designate employees at the Aircraft Registry Office 
in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, as excepted employees in the event of a shutdown or 
emergency furlough to ensure that the office remains open for the duration of 
the lapse in Federal Government appropriations to the Federal Aviation 
Administration.

SEC. 519. FAA DATA TRANSPARENCY.

    Section 45303 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(g) Data Transparency.--
            ``(1) Air traffic services initial data report.--
                    ``(A) Initial report.--Not later than 6 months after the 
                date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018, the 
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer of the Air Traffic 
                Organization shall, based upon the most recently available full 
                fiscal year data, complete the following calculations for each 
                segment of air traffic services users:
                            ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of air 
                        traffic services for that segment during such fiscal 
                        year.
                            ``(ii) The total revenues received from that segment 
                        during such fiscal year.
                    ``(B) Validation of model.--
                            ``(i) Review and determination.--Not later than 3 
                        months after completion of the initial report required 
                        under subparagraph (A), the inspector general of the 
                        Department of Transportation shall review and determine 
                        the validity of the model used by the Administrator and 
                        the Chief Operating Officer to complete the calculations 
                        required under subparagraph (A).
                            ``(ii) Validation process.--In the event that the 
                        inspector general determines that the model used by the 
                        Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer to 
                        complete the calculations required by subparagraph (A) 
                        is not valid--
                                    ``(I) the inspector general shall provide 
                                the Administrator and Chief Operating Officer 
                                recommendations on how to revise the model;
                                    ``(II) the Administrator and the Chief 
                                Operating Officer shall complete the 
                                calculations required by subparagraph (A) 
                                utilizing the revised model and resubmit the 
                                revised initial report required under 
                                subparagraph (A) to the inspector general; and
                                    ``(III) not later than 3 months after 
                                completion of the revised initial report 
                                required under subparagraph (A), the inspector 
                                general shall review and determine the validity 
                                of the revised model used by the Administrator 
                                and the Chief Operating Officer to complete the 
                                calculations required by subparagraph (A).
                            ``(iii) Access to data.--The Administrator and the 
                        Chief Operating Officer shall provide the inspector 
                        general of the Department of Transportation with 
                        unfettered access to all data produced by the cost 
                        accounting system operated and maintained pursuant to 
                        subsection (e).
                    ``(C) Report to congress.--Not later than 60 days after 
                completion of the review and receiving a determination that the 
                model used is valid under subparagraph (B), the Administrator 
                and the Chief Operating Officer shall submit to the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House 
                of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation, the Committee on Appropriations, and the 
                Committee on Finance of the Senate a report describing the 
                results of the calculations completed under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after submission 
                of the report required under subparagraph (C), the Administrator 
                and Chief Operating Officer shall publish the initial report, 
                including any revision thereto if required as a result of the 
                validation process for the model.
            ``(2) Air traffic services biennial data reporting.--
                    ``(A) Biennial data reporting.--Not later than March 31, 
                2019, and biennially thereafter for 8 years, the Administrator 
                and the Chief Operating Officer shall, using the validated 
                model, complete the following calculations for each segment of 
                air traffic services users for the most recent full fiscal year:
                            ``(i) The total costs allocable to the use of the 
                        air traffic services for that segment.
                            ``(ii) The total revenues received from that 
                        segment.
                    ``(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 15 days after 
                completing the calculations under subparagraph (A), the 
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer shall complete and 
                submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, 
                the Committee on Appropriations, and the Committee on Ways and 
                Means of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on 
                Appropriations, and the Committee on Finance of the Senate a 
                report containing the results of such calculations.
                    ``(C) Publication.--Not later than 60 days after completing 
                the calculations pursuant to subparagraph (A), the Administrator 
                and the Chief Operating Officer shall publish the results of 
                such calculations.
            ``(3) Segments of air traffic services users.--
                    ``(A) In general.--For purposes of this subsection, each of 
                the following shall constitute a separate segment of air traffic 
                services users:
                            ``(i) Passenger air carriers conducting operations 
                        under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
                            ``(ii) All-cargo air carriers conducting operations 
                        under part 121 of such title.
                            ``(iii) Operators covered by part 125 of such title.
                            ``(iv) Air carriers and operators of piston-engine 
                        aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                            ``(v) Air carriers and operators of turbine-engine 
                        aircraft operating under part 135 of such title.
                            ``(vi) Foreign air carriers providing passenger air 
                        transportation.
                            ``(vii) Foreign air carriers providing all-cargo air 
                        transportation.
                            ``(viii) Operators of turbine-engine aircraft 
                        operating under part 91 of such title, excluding those 
                        operating under subpart (K) of such part.
                            ``(ix) Operators of piston-engine aircraft operating 
                        under part 91 of such title, excluding those operating 
                        under subpart (K) of such part.
                            ``(x) Operators covered by subpart (K) of part 91 of 
                        such title.
                            ``(xi) Operators covered by part 133 of such title.
                            ``(xii) Operators covered by part 136 of such title.
                            ``(xiii) Operators covered by part 137 of such 
                        title.
                            ``(xiv) Operators of public aircraft that qualify 
                        under section 40125.
                            ``(xv) Operators of aircraft that neither take off 
                        from, nor land in, the United States.
                    ``(B) Additional segments.--The Secretary may identify and 
                include additional segments of air traffic users under 
                subparagraph (A) as revenue and air traffic services cost data 
                become available for that additional segment of air traffic 
                services users.
            ``(4) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection:
                    ``(A) Air traffic services.--The term `air traffic services' 
                means services--
                            ``(i) used for the monitoring, directing, control, 
                        and guidance of aircraft or flows of aircraft and for 
                        the safe conduct of flight, including communications, 
                        navigation, and surveillance services and provision of 
                        aeronautical information; and
                            ``(ii) provided directly, or contracted for, by the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration.
                    ``(B) Air traffic services user.--The term `air traffic 
                services user' means any individual or entity using air traffic 
                services provided directly, or contracted for, by the Federal 
                Aviation Administration within United States airspace or 
                international airspace delegated to the United States.''.

SEC. 520. INTRA-AGENCY COORDINATION.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall implement a policy that--
            (1) designates the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
        Transportation as the primary liaison between the commercial space 
        transportation industry and the Administration;
            (2) recognizes the necessity of, and set forth processes for, launch 
        license and permit holder coordination with the Air Traffic Organization 
        on matters including--
                    (A) the use of air navigation facilities;
                    (B) airspace safety; and
                    (C) planning of commercial space launch and launch support 
                activities;
            (3) designates a single point of contact within the Air Traffic 
        Organization who is responsible for--
                    (A) maintaining letters of agreement between a launch 
                license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation Administration 
                facility;
                    (B) making such letters of agreement available to the 
                Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation;
                    (C) ensuring that a facility that has entered into such a 
                letter of agreement is aware of and fulfills its 
                responsibilities under the letter; and
                    (D) liaising between the Air Traffic Organization and the 
                Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation on 
                any matter relating to such a letter of agreement; and
            (4) requires the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space 
        Transportation to facilitate, upon the request of a launch license or 
        permit holder--
                    (A) coordination between a launch license and permit holder 
                and the Air Traffic Organization; and
                    (B) the negotiation of letters of agreement between a launch 
                license or permit holder and a Federal Aviation Administration 
                facility or the Air Traffic Organization.

SEC. 521. ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FRANCHISE FUND.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this 
section, the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall 
initiate an audit of the Administrative Services Franchise Fund of the FAA (in 
this section referred to as the ``Franchise Fund'').
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the audit pursuant to subsection (a), the 
inspector general shall--
            (1) review the history, intended purpose, and objectives of the 
        Franchise Fund;
            (2) describe and assess each program, service, or activity that uses 
        the Franchise Fund, including--
                    (A) the agencies or government bodies that use each program, 
                service, or activity;
                    (B) the number of employees, including full-time equivalents 
                and contractors, associated with each program, service, or 
                activity;
                    (C) the costs associated with the employees described in 
                subparagraph (B) and the extent to which such costs are covered 
                by Federal appropriations or Franchise Fund revenue;
                    (D) the revenue, expenses, and profits or losses associated 
                with each program, service, or activity;
                    (E) overhead rates associated with each program, service, or 
                activity; and
                    (F) a breakdown of the revenue collected from services 
                provided to the FAA, Department of Transportation, other Federal 
                entities, and non-Federal entities;
            (3) assess the FAA's governance and oversight of the Franchise Fund 
        and the programs, service, and activities that use the Franchise Fund, 
        including the use of internal and publicly available performance 
        metrics;
            (4) evaluate the current and historical unobligated and unexpended 
        balances of the Franchise Fund; and
            (5) assess the degree to which FAA policies and controls associated 
        with the Franchise Fund conform with generally accepted accounting 
        principles, Federal policies, best practices, or other guidance relating 
        to revolving funds.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of initiation of the 
audit described in subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the audit, 
including findings and recommendations.

SEC. 522. AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE-BROADCAST.

    (a) Repeal.--Subsection (b) of section 211 of the FAA Modernization and 
Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is repealed.
    (b) Requirement.--The Administrator shall ensure that any regulation issued 
pursuant to such subsection has no force or effect.

SEC. 523. CONTRACT WEATHER OBSERVERS.

    Section 2306(b) of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 
(Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 641) is amended by striking ``2018'' and 
inserting ``2023''.

SEC. 524. REGIONS AND CENTERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44507 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking the section heading and inserting ``Regions and 
        centers'';
            (2) by striking ``The Civil Aeromedical Institute'' and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(a) Civil Aeromedical Institute.--The Civil Aeromedical Institute''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) William J. Hughes Technical Center.--The Secretary of Transportation 
shall define the roles and responsibilities of the William J. Hughes Technical 
Center in a manner that is consistent with the defined roles and 
responsibilities of the Civil Aeromedical Institute under subsection (a).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 445 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 44507 and 
inserting the following:

``44507. Regions and centers.''.

SEC. 525. GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS.

    The Administrator, to the extent practicable, shall encourage the use of 
durable, resilient, and sustainable materials and practices, including the use 
of geosynthetic materials and other innovative technologies, in carrying out the 
activities of the Federal Aviation Administration.

SEC. 526. NATIONAL AIRMAIL MUSEUM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 1930, commercial airmail carriers began operations at Smith 
        Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana;
            (2) the United States lacks a national museum dedicated to airmail; 
        and
            (3) the airmail hangar at Smith Field in Fort Wayne, Indiana--
                    (A) will educate the public on the role of airmail in 
                aviation history; and
                    (B) honor the role of the hangar in the history of the 
                Nation's airmail service.
    (b) Designation.--
            (1) In general.--The airmail museum located at the Smith Field in 
        Fort Wayne, Indiana, is designated as the ``National Airmail Museum''.
            (2) Effect of designation.--The national museum designated by this 
        section is not a unit of the National Park System and the designation of 
        the National Airmail Museum shall not require or permit Federal funds to 
        be expended for any purpose related to that national memorial.

SEC. 527. STATUS OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN FAA AND LITTLE ROCK PORT AUTHORITY.

    (a) Briefing Requirement.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a briefing on the agreement between the FAA and the 
Little Rock Port Authority to relocate the Little Rock Very High Frequency 
Omnidirectional Range with Collocated Tactical Air Control and Navigation (LIT 
VORTAC).
    (b) Briefing Contents.--The briefing required under subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
            (1) The status of the efforts by the Federal Aviation Administration 
        to relocate the LIT VORTAC.
            (2) The long-term and short-term budget projections for the 
        relocation project.
            (3) A description of and timeline for each phase of the relocation 
        project.
            (4) A description of and explanation for the required location 
        radius.
            (5) A description of work completed by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration as of the date of the briefing.

SEC. 528. BRIEFING ON AIRCRAFT DIVERSIONS FROM LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 
              TO HAWTHORNE MUNICIPAL AIRPORT.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall provide a briefing to appropriate committees of Congress on 
diversions of aircraft from Los Angeles International Airport to Hawthorne 
Municipal Airport, also known as Jack Northrop Field, in the City of Hawthorne, 
California. This briefing shall cover at least the previous one-year period and 
include the total number of aircraft diversions, the average number of 
diversions per day, the types of aircraft diverted, and the reasons for the 
diversions.

SEC. 529. TFR REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act (except as described in subsection (d)), the Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the 
study described in subsection (b).
    (b) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall make recommendations based 
on--
            (1) an analysis of--
                    (A) the economic effects of temporary flight restrictions, 
                particularly temporary flight restrictions issued pursuant to 
                section 91.141 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, on 
                airports or aviation-related businesses located or based in an 
                area covered by the temporary flight restriction; and
                    (B) potential options and recommendations for mitigating 
                identified negative economic effects on airports or aviation-
                related businesses located or based in an area frequently 
                covered by a temporary flight restriction; and
            (2) an analysis of the potential for using security procedures 
        similar to those described in the Maryland Three Program (allowing 
        properly vetted private pilots to fly to, from, or between the three 
        general aviation airports closest to the National Capital Region) during 
        temporary flight restrictions in the following airports:
                    (A) Solberg Airport.
                    (B) Somerset Airport.
                    (C) Palm Beach County Park Airport (also known as Lantana 
                Airport).
    (c) Collaboration.--In making the recommendations described in subsection 
(b), the Administrator shall consult with--
            (1) industry stakeholders; and
            (2) the head of any other agency that, in the Administrator's 
        determination, is a stakeholder agency.
    (d) Special Deadline.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report containing the results of the portion of the study described 
in subsection (b)(1)(A).

SEC. 530. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AT AVIATION EVENTS.

    (a) Requirement to Provide Services and Related Support.--The Administrator 
shall provide air traffic services and aviation safety support for large, 
multiday aviation events, including airshows and fly-ins, where the average 
daily number of manned operations were 1,000 or greater in at least one of the 
preceding two years, without the imposition or collection of any fee, tax, or 
other charge for that purpose. Amounts for the provision of such services and 
support shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise available for 
the Administration.
    (b) Determination of Services and Support to Be Provided.--In determining 
the services and support to be provided for an aviation event for purposes of 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall take into account the following:
            (1) The services and support required to meet levels of activity at 
        prior events, if any, similar to the event.
            (2) The anticipated need for services and support at the event.

SEC. 531. APPLICATION OF VETERANS' PREFERENCE TO FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 
              PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    Section 40122(g)(2)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``3304(f), to the extent consistent with the 
        Federal Aviation Administration's status as an excepted service 
        agency,'' before ``3308-3320''; and
            (2) by inserting ``3330a, 3330b, 3330c, and 3330d,'' before 
        ``relating''.

SEC. 532. CLARIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVING HISTORY FLIGHTS.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other law or regulation, in 
administering sections 61.113(c), 91.9, 91.315, 91.319(a)(1), 91.319(a)(2), 
119.5(g), and 119.21(a) of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
successor regulations), the Administrator shall allow an aircraft owner or 
operator to accept monetary or in-kind donations for a flight operated by a 
living history flight experience provider, if the aircraft owner or operator 
has--
            (1) volunteered to provide such transportation; and
            (2) notified any individual that will be on the flight, at the time 
        of inquiry about the flight, that the flight operation is for charitable 
        purposes and is not subject to the same requirements as a commercial 
        flight.
    (b) Conditions To Ensure Public Safety.--The Administrator, consistent with 
current standards of the Administration for such operations, shall impose 
minimum standards with respect to training and flight hours for operations 
conducted by an owner or operator of an aircraft providing living history flight 
experience operations, including mandating that the pilot in command of such 
aircraft hold a commercial pilot certificate with instrument rating and be 
current and qualified with respect to all ratings or authorizations applicable 
to the specific aircraft being flown to ensure the safety of flight operations 
described in subsection (a).
    (c) Living History Flight Experience Provider Defined.--In this section, the 
term ``living history flight experience provider'' means an aircraft owner, 
aircraft operator, or organization that provides, arranges, or otherwise fosters 
living history flight experiences for the purpose of fulfilling its mission.

SEC. 533. REVIEW AND REFORM OF FAA PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    (a) Establishment of Advisory Panel.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish an 
advisory panel comprising no more than 7 independent, nongovernmental experts in 
budget, finance, or personnel management to review and evaluate the 
effectiveness of the FAA's personnel management system and performance 
management program for employees not covered by collective bargaining 
agreements.
    (b) Review, Evaluation, and Recommendations.--The advisory panel shall, at a 
minimum--
            (1) review all appropriate FAA orders, policies, procedures, 
        guidance, and the Human Resources Policy Manual;
            (2) review any applicable reports regarding FAA's personnel 
        management system, including reports of the Department of Transportation 
        Office of Inspector General, Government Accountability Office, and 
        National Academy of Public Administration, and determine the status of 
        recommendations made in those reports;
            (3) review the personnel management system of any other agency or 
        governmental entity with a similar system to the FAA for best practices 
        with regard to personnel management;
            (4) assess the unique personnel authorities granted to the FAA, 
        determine whether the FAA has taken full advantage of those authorities, 
        and identify those authorities the FAA has not fully taken advantage of;
            (5) review and determine the overall effectiveness of the FAA's 
        compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation processes 
        for employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements;
            (6) review whether existing performance metrics and bonus pay 
        practices align with the FAA's mission and significantly improve the 
        FAA's provision of air traffic services, implementation of air traffic 
        control modernization initiatives, and accomplishment of other FAA 
        operational objectives;
            (7) identify the highest, lowest, and average complete compensation 
        for each position of employees not covered by collective bargaining 
        agreements;
            (8) survey interested parties and stakeholders, including 
        representatives of the aviation industry, for their views and 
        recommendations regarding improvements to the FAA's personnel management 
        system and performance management program;
            (9) develop recommendations to address the findings of the work done 
        pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (7), and to address views and 
        recommendations raised by interested parties pursuant to paragraph (8); 
        and
            (10) develop recommendations to improve the FAA's personnel 
        management system and performance management program, including the 
        compensation, bonus pay, performance metrics, and evaluation processes, 
        for employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating the review and 
evaluation pursuant to subsection (a), the advisory panel shall submit a report 
on the results of the review and evaluation and its recommendations to the 
Secretary, the Administrator, the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 3 months after submittal of the 
report pursuant to subsection (c), the Administrator shall transmit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report summarizing the findings of the 
advisory panel that--
            (1) contains an explanation of how the Administrator will implement 
        the recommendations of the advisory panel and measure the effectiveness 
        of the recommendations; and
            (2) specifies any recommendations that the Administrator will not 
        implement and the reasons for not implementing such recommendations.
    (e) Sunset.--The advisory panel shall terminate on the date that is 60 days 
after the transmittal of the report pursuant to subsection (d).

SEC. 534. NEXTGEN DELIVERY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this Act, the 
inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall initiate a study of 
the potential impacts of a significantly delayed, significantly diminished, or 
completely failed delivery of the Next Generation Air Transportation System 
modernization initiative by the Federal Aviation Administration, including 
impacts to the air traffic control system and the national airspace system as a 
whole.
    (b) Scope of Study.--In carrying out the study under subsection (a), the 
inspector general shall assess the Administration's performance related to the 
NextGen modernization initiative, including--
            (1) the potential impacts on the operational efficiency of our 
        aviation system;
            (2) an analysis of potential economic losses and stranded 
        investments directly related to NextGen;
            (3) an analysis of the potential impacts to our international 
        competitiveness in aviation innovation;
            (4) an analysis of the main differences that would be seen in our 
        air traffic control system;
            (5) the potential impacts on the flying public, including potential 
        impacts to flight times, fares, and delays in the air and on the ground;
            (6) the effects on supply chains reliant on air transportation of 
        cargo;
            (7) the potential impacts on the long-term benefits promised by 
        NextGen;
            (8) an analysis of the potential impacts on aircraft noise and 
        flight paths;
            (9) the potential changes in separation standards, fuel consumption, 
        flight paths, block times, and landing procedures or lack thereof;
            (10) the potential impacts on aircraft taxi times and aircraft 
        emissions or lack thereof;
            (11) a determination of the total potential costs and logistical 
        challenges of the failure of NextGen, including a comparison of the 
        potential loss of the return on public and private sector investment 
        related to NextGen, as compared to other available investment 
        alternatives, between December 12, 2003, and the date of enactment of 
        this Act; and
            (12) other matters arising in the course of the study.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of initiation of the study 
under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report on the results of the study.

SEC. 535. STUDY ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) study the prevalence of allergic reactions on board flights, 
        whether airlines universally report reactions to the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, and the frequency of first aid inventory checks to 
        ensure medicine to prevent anaphylactic shock is in an aircraft; and
            (2) submit a report to the Committees on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committees on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation, Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and 
        Appropriations of the Senate.

SEC. 536. OXYGEN MASK DESIGN STUDY.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall conduct a study to review and evaluate the design and 
effectiveness of commercial aircraft oxygen masks. In conducting the study, the 
Administrator shall determine whether the current design of oxygen masks is 
adequate, and whether changes to the design could increase correct passenger 
usage of the masks.

SEC. 537. AIR CARGO STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall begin a study of 
international air cargo services among the United States and Central American, 
South American, and Caribbean Basin countries, that--
            (1) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo transportation 
        services among the United States and Central American, South American, 
        and Caribbean Basin countries;
            (2) analyzes the supply of and demand for air cargo transportation 
        services between--
                    (A) the United States, Central American, South American, and 
                Caribbean Basin countries; and
                    (B) African and European countries;
            (3) identifies the busiest routes in terms of cargo capacity and 
        frequency of air service;
            (4) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in 
        Central American, South American, and Caribbean Basin countries at which 
        a significant amount of air cargo is sorted, handled, or consolidated 
        for transportation to or from the United States;
            (5) identifies any air carrier or foreign air carrier hubs in the 
        United States at which a significant amount of air cargo is sorted, 
        handled, or consolidated for transportation to or from Central American, 
        South American, and Caribbean Basin countries.
            (6) identifies any significant gaps in the air cargo services or 
        cargo air carrier networks--
                    (A) among the countries described in paragraph (2)(A);
                    (B) between such countries and African countries; and
                    (C) between such countries and European countries; and
            (7) assesses the possible impact of the establishment of an air 
        carrier hub in Puerto Rico at which air cargo is sorted, handled, or 
        consolidated for transportation to or from the United States, including 
        the impact on--
                    (A) the employment rate and economy of Puerto Rico;
                    (B) domestic and foreign air transportation of cargo;
                    (C) United States competitiveness in the air transportation 
                of cargo;
                    (D) air cargo operations at other airports in the United 
                States; and
                    (E) domestic air carrier employment.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the study described in subsection (a).
    (c) Definition.--In this section, the term ``Caribbean Basin countries'' has 
the same meaning given the term ``Caribbean Basin country'' in section 501 of 
the Food for Peace Act (7 U.S.C. 1737).

SEC. 538. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON PREVENTING THE TRANSPORTATION OF DISEASE-CARRYING 
              MOSQUITOES AND OTHER INSECTS ON COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Transportation and the 
Secretary of Agriculture should, in coordination and consultation with the World 
Health Organization, develop a framework and guidance for the use of safe, 
effective, and nontoxic means of preventing the transportation of disease-
carrying mosquitoes and other insects on commercial aircraft.

SEC. 539. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS.

    (a) Airport Capacity Enhancement Projects at Congested Airports.--Section 
40104(c) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 
47176'' and inserting ``section 47175''.
    (b) Passenger Facility Charges.--Section 40117(a)(5) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``charge or charge'' and inserting 
``charge''.
    (c) Overflights of National Parks.--Section 40128(a)(3) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``under part 91 of the title 14,'' and 
inserting ``under part 91 of title 14,''.
    (d) Plans To Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involved in Foreign Air 
Carrier Accidents.--Section 41313(c)(16) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``An assurance that the foreign air carrier'' and inserting 
``An assurance that''.
    (e) Operations of Carriers.--The analysis for chapter 417 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 41718 
and inserting the following:

``41718. Special rules for Ronald Reagan Washington National 
                            Airport.''.
    (f) Schedules for Certain Transportation of Mail.--Section 41902(a) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 41906'' and inserting 
``section 41905''.
    (g) Weighing Mail.--Section 41907 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by striking ``and'' and all that follows through ``administrative'' and 
inserting ``and administrative''.
    (h) Structures Interfering With Air Commerce or National Security.--Section 
44718(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ``air 
        navigation facilities and equipment'' and inserting ``air or space 
        navigation facilities and equipment''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A)--
                    (A) in clause (v) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (B) by redesignating clause (vi) as clause (vii); and
                    (C) by inserting after clause (v) the following:
                            ``(vi) the impact on launch and reentry for launch 
                        and reentry vehicles arriving or departing from a launch 
                        site or reentry site licensed by the Secretary of 
                        Transportation; and''.
    (i) Flight Attendant Certification.--Section 44728 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c), by striking ``chapter'' and inserting 
        ``title''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``is'' and inserting ``be''.
    (j) Fees Involving Aircraft Not Providing Air Transportation.--Section 45302 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``44703(f)(2)'' each 
place it appears and inserting ``44703(g)(2)''.
    (k) Schedule of Fees.--Section 45301(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ``United States government'' and inserting ``United 
States Government''.
    (l) Classified Evidence.--Section 46111(g)(2)(A) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``(18 U.S.C. App.)'' and inserting ``(18 U.S.C. 
App.))''.
    (m) Chapter 465.--The analysis for chapter 465 of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking the following item:

``46503. Repealed.''.
    (n) Allowable Cost Standards.--Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``compatability'' and inserting 
        ``compatibility''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking ``climactic'' and inserting 
        ``climatic''.
    (o) Definition of Qualified HUBZone Small Business Concern.--Section 
47113(a)(3) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``(15 U.S.C. 
632(o))'' and inserting ``(15 U.S.C. 632(p))''.
    (p) Special Apportionment Categories.--Section 47117(e)(1)(B) is amended by 
striking ``at least'' and inserting ``At least''.
    (q) Solicitation and Consideration of Comments.--Section 47171(l) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by striking ``4371'' and inserting ``4321''.
    (r) Operations and Maintenance.--Section 48104 is amended by striking ``(a) 
Authorization of Appropriations.--the'' and inserting ``The''.
    (s) Adjustments to Compensation for Significantly Increased Costs.--Section 
426 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) (49 U.S.C. 41737 note) by striking 
        ``Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (2) in subsection (c) (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) by striking ``the 
        Secretary may waive'' and inserting ``the Secretary of Transportation 
        may waive''.
    (t) Aircraft Departure Queue Management Pilot Program.--Section 507(a) of 
the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 (49 U.S.C. 44505 note) is amended 
by striking ``section 48101(a)'' and inserting ``section 48101(a) of title 49, 
United States Code,''.

SEC. 540. REPORT ON ILLEGAL CHARTER FLIGHTS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Transportation shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress an analysis of reports filed during the 10-year period preceding such 
date of enactment through the illegal charter hotline of the FAA and other 
sources that includes--
            (1) what followup action the Department of Transportation or the 
        Administration takes when a report of illegal charter operations is 
        received;
            (2) how the Department of Transportation or the Administration 
        decides to allocate resources;
            (3) challenges the Department of Transportation or the 
        Administration face in identifying illegal operators; and
            (4) recommendations for improving the efforts of the Department of 
        Transportation or the Administration to combat illegal charter carrier 
        operations.

SEC. 541. USE OF NASA'S SUPER GUPPY AIRCRAFT FOR COMMERCIAL TRANSPORT.

    Notwithstanding section 40125 of title 49, United States Code, the Aero 
Spacelines Super Guppy Turbine B-377-SGT aircraft, serial number 0004, may be 
used to provide the transport, for compensation or hire, of oversized space 
launch vehicle components or oversized spacecraft components while continuing to 
qualify as a public aircraft operation pursuant to section 40102(a)(41)(A) of 
title 49, United States Code, if--
            (1) the aircraft is owned and operated by the National Aeronautics 
        and Space Administration;
            (2) commercial operation is limited to operations conducted wholly 
        in United States airspace; and
            (3) no commercially available domestic air transport alternative 
        exists.

SEC. 542. PROHIBITED AIRSPACE ASSESSMENT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with appropriate Federal 
agencies, shall conduct an assessment on the security of United States 
prohibited airspace designated by the Federal Aviation Administration, with a 
focus on permanent prohibited airspace (in this section referred to as ``United 
States prohibited airspace'').
    (b) Minimum Components.--The assessment developed under subsection (a) shall 
be unclassified but may contain a classified annex. It shall, at a minimum, 
include--
            (1) a summary of the number and types of violations of United States 
        prohibited airspace and historical trends of such numbers and types;
            (2) an assessment of the processes used to establish United States 
        prohibited airspace;
            (3) an assessment of manned and unmanned aircraft, current and 
        future, with the ability to penetrate United States prohibited airspace 
        undetected;
            (4) an assessment of the current and future capabilities of the 
        United States to mitigate threats to United States prohibited airspace;
            (5) recommendations on how to improve security of United States 
        prohibited airspace; and
            (6) a process to modify section 99.7 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, to expand the Administrator's authority to establish 
        temporary flight restrictions in cooperation with State and local law 
        enforcement agencies, or as required for purposes of national security, 
        homeland security, or law enforcement support.

SEC. 543. REPORT ON MULTIAGENCY USE OF AIRSPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 
shall submit to the covered committees of Congress a report documenting efforts 
made toward improving processes to resolve persistent challenges for special use 
airspace requests in support of, or associated with, short notice testing 
requirements at Major Range and Test Facility Bases, including the establishment 
of temporary military operations areas used for conducting short-term, scheduled 
exercises.
    (b) Elements.--The report required under subsection (a) shall include the 
following elements:
            (1) Analysis of previous efforts to streamline internal processes 
        associated with the designation of temporary military operations areas 
        at Major Range and Test Facility Bases and the use of such areas for 
        scheduled exercises.
            (2) Analysis of progress made to ensure consistency of environmental 
        review, including impact analysis, associated environmental studies, or 
        consultation, while complying with the National Environmental Policy Act 
        of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and other environmental requirements.
            (3) Identification of challenges, if any, in complying with the 
        National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.
            (4) A description of airspace requirements, current test and 
        training needs statements completed during the 10-year period preceding 
        the report, and future 5-year requirements, including all temporary 
        military operating areas, special use airspaces, instrument routes, 
        visual routes, and unfulfilled user requirements.
            (5) Proposed options and solutions to overcome identified 
        challenges, if any, including identifying whether--
                    (A) a solution or solutions can be incorporated within the 
                existing Federal Aviation Administration and Department of 
                Defense Memorandum of Understanding; or
                    (B) changes to current law are required.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered committees of congress.--The term ``covered committees 
        of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
                and the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and 
                the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Major range and test facility base.--The term ``Major Range and 
        Test Facility Base'' has the meaning given the term in section 196(i) of 
        title 10, United States Code.
            (3) Special use airspace.--The term ``special use airspace'' means 
        certain designations of airspace designated by the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, as administered by the Secretary of Defense.

SEC. 544. AGENCY PROCUREMENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    Section 40110(d) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(5) Annual report on the purchase of foreign manufactured 
        articles.--
                    ``(A) Report.--(i) Not later than 90 days after the end of 
                the fiscal year, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a 
                report to Congress on the dollar amount of acquisitions subject 
                to the Buy American Act made by the agency from entities that 
                manufacture the articles, materials, or supplies outside of the 
                United States in such fiscal year.
                    ``(ii) The report required by clause (i) shall only include 
                acquisitions with total value exceeding the micro-purchase 
                level.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The report required by subparagraph (A) 
                shall separately indicate--
                            ``(i) the dollar value of any articles, materials, 
                        or supplies purchased that were manufactured outside of 
                        the United States; and
                            ``(ii) a summary of the total procurement funds 
                        spent on goods manufactured in the United States versus 
                        funds spent on goods manufactured outside of the United 
                        States.
                    ``(C) Availability of report.--The Secretary shall make the 
                report under subparagraph (A) publicly available on the agency's 
                website not later than 30 days after submission to Congress.''.

SEC. 545. FAA ORGANIZATIONAL REFORM.

    (a) Chief Technology Officer.--Section 106(s) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(s) Chief Technology Officer.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There shall be a Chief Technology 
                Officer appointed by the Chief Operating Officer. The Chief 
                Technology Officer shall report directly to the Chief Operating 
                Officer.
                    ``(B) Minimum qualifications.--The Chief Technology Officer 
                shall have--
                            ``(i) at least 10 years experience in engineering 
                        management or another relevant technical management 
                        field; and
                            ``(ii) knowledge of or experience in the aviation 
                        industry.
                    ``(C) Removal.--The Chief Technology Officer shall serve at 
                the pleasure of the Administrator.
                    ``(D) Restriction.--The Chief Technology Officer may not 
                also be the Deputy Administrator.
            ``(2) Responsibilities.--The responsibilities of the Chief 
        Technology Officer shall include--
                    ``(A) ensuring the proper operation, maintenance, and 
                cybersecurity of technology systems relating to the air traffic 
                control system across all program offices of the Administration;
                    ``(B) coordinating the implementation, operation, 
                maintenance, and cybersecurity of technology programs relating 
                to the air traffic control system with the aerospace industry 
                and other Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) reviewing and providing advice to the Secretary, the 
                Administrator, and the Chief Operating Officer on the 
                Administration's budget, cost-accounting system, and benefit-
                cost analyses with respect to technology programs relating to 
                the air traffic control system;
                    ``(D) consulting with the Administrator on the Capital 
                Investment Plan of the Administration prior to its submission to 
                Congress;
                    ``(E) developing an annual air traffic control system 
                technology operation and maintenance plan that is consistent 
                with the annual performance targets established under paragraph 
                (4); and
                    ``(F) ensuring that the air traffic control system 
                architecture remains, to the maximum extent practicable, 
                flexible enough to incorporate future technological advances 
                developed and directly procured by aircraft operators.
            ``(3) Compensation.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Chief Technology Officer shall be 
                paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be determined by the 
                Administrator, in consultation with the Chief Operating Officer. 
                The annual rate may not exceed the annual compensation paid 
                under section 102 of title 3. The Chief Technology Officer shall 
                be subject to the postemployment provisions of section 207 of 
                title 18 as if the position of Chief Technology Officer were 
                described in section 207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.
                    ``(B) Bonus.--In addition to the annual rate of basic pay 
                authorized by subparagraph (A), the Chief Technology Officer may 
                receive a bonus for any calendar year not to exceed 30 percent 
                of the annual rate of basic pay, based upon the Administrator's 
                evaluation of the Chief Technology Officer's performance in 
                relation to the performance targets established under paragraph 
                (4).
            ``(4) Annual performance targets.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator and the Chief Operating 
                Officer, in consultation with the Chief Technology Officer, 
                shall establish measurable annual performance targets for the 
                Chief Technology Officer in key operational areas.
                    ``(B) Report.--The Administrator shall transmit to the 
                Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
                Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
                Transportation of the Senate a report describing the annual 
                performance targets established under subparagraph (A).
            ``(5) Annual performance report.--The Chief Technology Officer shall 
        prepare and transmit to the Secretary of Transportation, the Committee 
        on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, 
        and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
        an annual report containing--
                    ``(A) detailed descriptions and metrics of how successful 
                the Chief Technology Officer was in meeting the annual 
                performance targets established under paragraph (4); and
                    ``(B) other information as may be requested by the 
                Administrator and the Chief Operating Officer.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 709(a)(3)(L) of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation 
        Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by striking 
        ``Chief NextGen Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology Officer''.
            (2) Section 804(a)(4)(A) of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 
        2012 (49 U.S.C. 44501 note) is amended by striking ``Chief NextGen 
        Officer'' and inserting ``Chief Technology Officer''.

SEC. 546. FAA CIVIL AVIATION REGISTRY UPGRADE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall complete 
covered upgrades of the Administration's Civil Aviation Registry (in this 
section referred to as the ``Registry'').
    (b) Covered Upgrade Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered upgrades'' 
means--
            (1) the digitization of nondigital Registry information, including 
        paper documents, microfilm images, and photographs, from an analog or 
        nondigital format to a digital format;
            (2) the digitalization of Registry manual and paper-based processes, 
        business operations, and functions by leveraging digital technologies 
        and a broader use of digitized data;
            (3) the implementation of systems allowing a member of the public to 
        submit any information or form to the Registry and conduct any 
        transaction with the Registry by electronic or other remote means; and
            (4) allowing more efficient, broader, and remote access to the 
        Registry.
    (c) Applicability.--The requirements of subsection (a) shall apply to the 
entire Civil Aviation Registry, including the Aircraft Registration Branch and 
the Airmen Certification Branch.
    (d) Manual Surcharge.--Chapter 453 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 45306. Manual surcharge
    ``(a) In General.--Not later 3 years after the date of enactment of the FAA 
Reauthorization Act of 2018, the Administrator shall impose and collect a 
surcharge on a Civil Aviation Registry transaction that--
            ``(1) is conducted in person at the Civil Aviation Registry;
            ``(2) could be conducted, as determined by the Administrator, with 
        the same or greater level of efficiency by electronic or other remote 
        means; and
            ``(3) is not related to research or other non-commercial activities.
    ``(b) Maximum Surcharge.--A surcharge imposed and collected under subsection 
(a) shall not exceed twice the maximum fee the Administrator is authorized to 
charge for the registration of an aircraft, not used to provide air 
transportation, after the transfer of ownership under section 45302(b)(2).
    ``(c) Credit to Account and Availability.--Monies collected from a surcharge 
imposed under subsection (a) shall be treated as monies collected under section 
45302 and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in section 45302(d).''.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after date of enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter until the covered upgrades required under subsection (a) are 
complete, the Administrator shall submit a report to the appropriate committees 
of Congress describing--
            (1) the schedule for the covered upgrades to the Registry;
            (2) the office responsible for the implementation of the such 
        covered upgrades;
            (3) the metrics being used to measure progress in implementing the 
        covered upgrades; and
            (4) the status of the covered upgrades as of the date of the report.

SEC. 547. ENHANCED AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot program to provide air traffic 
control services on a preferential basis to aircraft equipped with certain 
NextGen avionics that--
            (1) lasts at least 2 years; and
            (2) operates in at least 3 suitable airports.
    (b) Duration of Daily Service.--The air traffic control services provided 
under the pilot program established under subsection (a) shall occur for at 
least 3 consecutive hours between 0600 and 2200 local time during each day of 
the pilot program.
    (c) Airport Selection.--The Administrator shall designate airports for 
participation in the pilot program after consultation with aircraft operators, 
manufacturers, and airport sponsors.
    (d) Definitions.--
            (1) Certain nextgen avionics.--The term ``certain NextGen avionics'' 
        means those avionics and related software designated by the 
        Administrator after consultations with aircraft operators and 
        manufacturers.
            (2) Preferential basis.--The term ``preferential basis'' means--
                    (A) prioritizing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen 
                avionics during a Ground Delay Program by assigning them fewer 
                minutes of delay relative to other aircraft based upon 
                principles established after consultation with aircraft 
                operators and manufacturers; or
                    (B) sequencing aircraft equipped with certain NextGen 
                avionics ahead of other aircraft in the Traffic Flow Management 
                System to the maximum extent consistent with safety.
    (e) Sunset.--The pilot program established under subsection (a) shall 
terminate on September 30, 2023.
    (f) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date on which the pilot 
program terminates, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the pilot program.

SEC. 548. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AVIATION.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Administration should, in consultation 
with appropriate Federal agencies and industry stakeholders, periodically review 
the use or proposed use of artificial intelligence technologies within the 
aviation system and assess whether the Administration needs a plan regarding 
artificial intelligence standards and best practices to carry out its mission.

SEC. 549. STUDY ON CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE OF FAA.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall enter into an agreement with the National Academy 
of Sciences to conduct a study on the cybersecurity workforce of the 
Administration in order to develop recommendations to increase the size, 
quality, and diversity of such workforce, including cybersecurity researchers 
and specialists.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 180 days after the completion of the 
study conducted under subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of such study.

SEC. 550. TREATMENT OF MULTIYEAR LESSEES OF LARGE AND TURBINE-POWERED 
              MULTIENGINE AIRCRAFT.

    The Secretary of Transportation shall revise such regulations as may be 
necessary to ensure that multiyear lessees and owners of large and turbine-
powered multiengine aircraft are treated equally for purposes of joint ownership 
policies of the FAA.

SEC. 551. EMPLOYEE ASSAULT PREVENTION AND RESPONSE PLANS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, each air carrier operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations (in this section referred to as a ``part 121 air carrier''), shall 
submit to the Administrator for review and acceptance an Employee Assault 
Prevention and Response Plan related to the customer service agents of the air 
carrier and that is developed in consultation with the labor union representing 
such agents.
    (b) Contents of Plan.--An Employee Assault Prevention and Response Plan 
submitted under subsection (a) shall include the following:
            (1) Reporting protocols for air carrier customer service agents who 
        have been the victim of a verbal or physical assault.
            (2) Protocols for the immediate notification of law enforcement 
        after an incident of verbal or physical assault committed against an air 
        carrier customer service agent.
            (3) Protocols for informing Federal law enforcement with respect to 
        violations of section 46503 of title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Protocols for ensuring that a passenger involved in a violent 
        incident with a customer service agent of an air carrier is not allowed 
        to move through airport security or board an aircraft until appropriate 
        law enforcement has had an opportunity to assess the incident and take 
        appropriate action.
            (5) Protocols for air carriers to inform passengers of Federal laws 
        protecting Federal, airport, and air carrier employees who have security 
        duties within an airport.
    (c) Employee Training.--A part 121 air carrier shall conduct initial and 
recurrent training for all employees, including management, of the air carrier 
with respect to the plan required under subsection (a), which shall include 
training on de-escalating hostile situations, written protocols on dealing with 
hostile situations, and the reporting of relevant incidents.
    (d) Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) complete a study of crimes of violence (as defined in section 16 
        of title 18, United States Code) committed against airline customer 
        service representatives while they are performing their duties and on 
        airport property; and
            (2) submit the findings of the study, including any recommendations, 
        to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (e) Gap Analysis.--The study required under subsection (d) shall include a 
gap analysis to determine if State and local laws and resources are adequate to 
deter or otherwise address the crimes of violence described in subsection (a) 
and recommendations on how to address any identified gaps.

SEC. 552. STUDY ON TRAINING OF CUSTOMER-FACING AIR CARRIER EMPLOYEES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study on the training 
received by customer-facing employees of air carriers.
    (b) Contents.--The study shall include--
            (1) an analysis of the training received by customer-facing 
        employees with respect to the management of disputes on aircraft;
            (2) an examination of how institutions of higher learning, in 
        coordination with air carriers, customer-facing employees and their 
        representatives, consumer advocacy organizations, and other 
        stakeholders, could--
                    (A) review such training and related practices;
                    (B) produce recommendations; and
                    (C) if determined appropriate, provide supplemental 
                training; and
            (3) the effectiveness of air carriers' Employee Assault Prevention 
        and Response Plans required under section 551.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the results of the study.

SEC. 553. AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS POLICY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) update automated weather observing systems standards to maximize 
        the use of new technologies that promote the reduction of equipment or 
        maintenance cost for non-Federal automated weather observing systems, 
        including the use of remote monitoring and maintenance, unless 
        demonstrated to be ineffective;
            (2) review, and if necessary update, existing policies in accordance 
        with the standards developed under paragraph (1); and
            (3) establish a process under which appropriate onsite airport 
        personnel or an aviation official may, with appropriate manufacturer 
        training or alternative training as determined by the Administrator, be 
        permitted to conduct the minimum triannual preventative maintenance 
        checks under the advisory circular for non-Federal automated weather 
        observing systems (AC 150/5220-16E) and any other similar, successor 
        checks.
    (b) Permission.--Permission to conduct the minimum triannual preventative 
maintenance checks described under subsection (a)(3) and any similar, successor 
checks shall not be withheld but for specific cause.
    (c) Standards.--In updating the standards under subsection (a)(1), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure the standards are performance-based;
            (2) use risk analysis to determine the accuracy of the automated 
        weather observing systems outputs required for pilots to perform safe 
        aircraft operations; and
            (3) provide a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether the 
        benefits outweigh the cost for any requirement not directly related to 
        safety.
    (d) AIP Eligibility of AWOS Equipment.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other law, the Administrator is 
        authorized to and shall waive any positive benefit-cost ratio 
        requirement for automated weather-observing system equipment under 
        subchapter I of chapter 471, of title 49, United States Code, if--
                    (A) the airport sponsor or State, as applicable, certifies 
                that a grant for such automated weather observing systems 
                equipment under that chapter will assist an applicable airport 
                to respond to regional emergency needs, including medical, 
                firefighting, and search and rescue needs;
                    (B) the Secretary determines, after consultation with the 
                airport sponsor or State, as applicable, that the placement of 
                automated weather-observing equipment at the airport will not 
                cause unacceptable radio frequency congestion; and
                    (C) the other requirements under that chapter are met.
            (2) Applicability to low population density states.--This subsection 
        is applicable only to airports located in states with a population 
        density, based on the most recent decennial census, of 50 or fewer 
        persons per square mile.
    (e) Report.--Not later than September 30, 2025, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the implementation 
of the requirements under this section.

SEC. 554. PRIORITIZING AND SUPPORTING THE HUMAN INTERVENTION MOTIVATION STUDY 
              (HIMS) PROGRAM AND THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT DRUG AND ALCOHOL PROGRAM 
              (FADAP).

    (a) In General.--The Administration shall continue to prioritize and support 
the Human Intervention Motivation Study (HIMS) program for flight crewmembers 
and the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol Program (FADAP) for flight attendants.
    (b) Study and Recommendations.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into an 
        agreement with the Transportation Research Board (in this subsection 
        referred to as the ``Board'') under which the Board shall--
                    (A) conduct a study on the Human Intervention Motivation 
                Study (HIMS) program, the Flight Attendant Drug and Alcohol 
                Program (FADAP), and any other drug and alcohol programs within 
                the other modal administrations within the Department of 
                Transportation;
                    (B) to the extent justified by the findings from the study 
                described in subparagraph (A), make recommendations to the 
                Federal Aviation Administration and other administrations within 
                the Department of Transportation on how to implement programs, 
                or changes to existing programs, that seek to help 
                transportation workers get treatment for drug and alcohol abuse 
                and return to work; and
                    (C) upon the completion of the study described in 
                subparagraph (A), submit to the appropriate committees of 
                Congress a report on such study, including the Board's findings, 
                conclusions, and recommendations.
            (2) Requirement.--In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the 
        Board shall identify--
                    (A) best policies and practices within existing programs; 
                and
                    (B) best prevention, early intervention, and return to work 
                practices specifically around prescription medication abuse, 
                with a special emphasis on employee use of opioids.

SEC. 555. COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF EQUIPMENT RENTAL.

    (a) Agency Analysis of Equipment Acquisition.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided for under subsection (d), the 
        head of each executive agency shall acquire equipment using the method 
        of acquisition most advantageous to the Federal Government based on a 
        case-by-case analysis of comparative costs and other factors, including 
        those factors listed in section 7.401 of the Federal Acquisition 
        Regulation.
            (2) Methods of acquisition.--The methods of acquisition to be 
        compared in the analysis under paragraph (1) shall include, at a 
        minimum, purchase, short-term rental or lease, long-term rental or 
        lease, interagency acquisition, and acquisition agreements with a State 
        or a local government as described in subsection (c).
            (3) Amendment of federal acquisition regulation.--Not later than 180 
        days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Federal 
        Acquisition Regulatory Council shall amend the Federal Acquisition 
        Regulation to implement the requirement of this subsection, including a 
        determination of the factors for executive agencies to consider for 
        purposes of performing the analysis under paragraph (1).
            (4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection shall be 
        construed to affect the requirements of chapter 37 of title 41, United 
        States Code, section 2305 of title 10, United States Code, or section 
        1535 of title 31, United States Code.
    (b) Date of Implementation.--The analysis described in subsection (a) shall 
be applied to contracts for the acquisition of equipment entered into on or 
after the date that the Federal Acquisition Regulation is amended pursuant to 
paragraph (3) of such subsection.
    (c) Acquisition Agreements With States or Local Governments.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
        including chapter 37 of title 41, United States Code, the Small Business 
        Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.), and section 2305 of title 10, United States 
        Code, the head of an executive agency may enter into an acquisition 
        agreement authorized by this section directly with a State or a local 
        government if the agency head determines that the agreement otherwise 
        satisfies the requirements of subsection (a)(1).
            (2) Terms and conditions.--Any agreement under paragraph (1) shall 
        contain such terms and conditions as the head of the agency deems 
        necessary or appropriate to protect the interests of the United States.
    (d) Exceptions.--The analysis otherwise required under subsection (a) is not 
required--
            (1) when the President has issued an emergency declaration or a 
        major disaster declaration pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.);
            (2) in other emergency situations if the agency head makes a 
        determination that obtaining such equipment is necessary in order to 
        protect human life or property; or
            (3) when otherwise authorized by law.
    (e) Study of Agency Analyses.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
of the Senate a comprehensive report on the decisions made by the executive 
agencies with the highest levels of acquisition spending, and a sample of 
executive agencies with lower levels of acquisition spending, to acquire high-
value equipment by lease, rental, or purchase pursuant to subpart 7.4 of the 
Federal Acquisition Regulation.
    (f) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has the meaning 
        given that term in section 102 of title 40, United States Code.
            (2) Interagency acquisition.--The term ``interagency acquisition'' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2.101 of the Federal 
        Acquisition Regulation.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 6501 of title 31, United States Code.
            (4) Local government.--The term ``local government'' means any unit 
        of local government within a State, including a county, municipality, 
        city, borough, town, township, parish, local public authority, school 
        district, special district, intrastate district, council of governments, 
        or regional or interstate government entity, and any agency or 
        instrumentality of a local government.

SEC. 556. AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall initiate a rulemaking to increase the duration of 
aircraft registrations for noncommercial general aviation aircraft to 7 years.
    (b) Considerations.--In promulgating the notice of proposed rulemaking 
described in subsection (a), the Administrator may consider any events, 
circumstances, changes in any ownership entity or structure, or other condition 
that would necessitate renewal prior to the expiration of an aircraft 
registration.

SEC. 557. REQUIREMENT TO CONSULT WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN DEFINING SCOPE AND 
              REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE FLIGHT SERVICE PROGRAM.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall consult with stakeholders in defining the scope and 
requirements for any new Future Flight Service Program of the Administration to 
be used in a competitive source selection for the next flight service contract 
with the Administration.

SEC. 558. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION PERFORMANCE MEASURES AND TARGETS.

    (a) Performance Measures.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish 
performance measures relating to the management of the Administration, which 
shall, at a minimum, include measures to assess--
            (1) the timely and cost-effective completion of projects; and
            (2) the effectiveness of the Administration in achieving the goals 
        described in section 47171 of title 49, United States Code.
    (b) Performance Targets.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which 
the Secretary establishes performance measures in accordance with subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall establish performance targets relating to each of the 
measures described in that subsection.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the inspector general of the Department of Transportation shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the progress of the 
Secretary in meeting the performance targets established under subsection (b).

SEC. 559. REPORT ON PLANS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL FACILITIES IN THE NEW YORK 
              CITY AND NEWARK REGION.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on 
the Administration's staffing and scheduling plans for air traffic control 
facilities in the New York City and Newark region for the 1-year period 
beginning on such date of enactment.

SEC. 560. WORK PLAN FOR THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY/PHILADELPHIA METROPOLITAN AREA 
              AIRSPACE PROJECT.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall develop and publish in the Federal Register a work plan for 
the New York/New Jersey/Philadelphia Metropolitan Area Airspace Project.

SEC. 561. ANNUAL REPORT ON INCLUSION OF DISABLED VETERAN LEAVE IN PERSONNEL 
              MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and not less 
frequently than annually there after until the date that is 5 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall publish on a publicly 
accessible internet website a report on--
            (1) the effect of the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of 
        section 2 of the Federal Aviation Administration Veteran Transition 
        Improvement Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-242), on the Administration's 
        work force; and
            (2) the number of disabled veterans benefitting from such 
        subsections.

SEC. 562. ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE CAPABILITY.

    Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall identify and implement a strategy to--
            (1) advance near-term and long-term uses of enhanced surveillance 
        systems, such as space-based ADS-B, within United States airspace or 
        international airspace delegated to the United States;
            (2) exercise leadership on setting global standards for the 
        separation of aircraft in oceanic airspace by working with--
                    (A) foreign counterparts of the Administrator in the 
                International Civil Aviation Organization and its subsidiary 
                organizations;
                    (B) other international organizations and fora; and
                    (C) the private sector; and
            (3) ensure the participation of the Administration in the analysis 
        of trials of enhanced surveillance systems, such as space-based ADS-B, 
        performed by foreign air navigation service providers in North Atlantic 
        airspace.

SEC. 563. ACCESS OF AIR CARRIERS TO INFORMATION ABOUT APPLICANTS TO BE PILOTS 
              FROM NATIONAL DRIVER REGISTER.

    Section 30305(b)(8) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(8)(A) An individual who is seeking employment by an air carrier 
        as a pilot may request the chief driver licensing official of a State to 
        provide information about the individual under subsection (a) of this 
        section to the prospective employer of the individual, the authorized 
        agent of the prospective employer, or the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(B) An air carrier that is the prospective employer of an 
        individual described in subparagraph (A), or an authorized agent of such 
        an air carrier, may request and receive information about that 
        individual from the National Driver Register through an organization 
        approved by the Secretary for purposes of requesting, receiving, and 
        transmitting such information directly to the prospective employer of 
        such an individual or the authorized agent of the prospective employer. 
        This paragraph shall be carried out in accordance with paragraphs (2) 
        and (11) of section 44703(h) and the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 
        U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).
            ``(C) Information may not be obtained from the National Driver 
        Register under this paragraph if the information was entered in the 
        Register more than 5 years before the request unless the information is 
        about a revocation or suspension still in effect on the date of the 
        request.''.

SEC. 564. REGULATORY REFORM.

    Section 106(p)(5) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Committee, or'' and inserting ``Committee,''; and
            (2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``, or such 
        aerospace rulemaking committees as the Secretary shall designate.''.

SEC. 565. AVIATION FUEL.

    (a) Use of Unleaded Aviation Gasoline.--The Administrator shall allow the 
use of an unleaded aviation gasoline in an aircraft as a replacement for a 
leaded gasoline if the Administrator--
            (1) determines that the unleaded aviation gasoline qualifies as a 
        replacement for an approved leaded gasoline;
            (2) identifies the aircraft and engines that are eligible to use the 
        qualified replacement unleaded gasoline; and
            (3) adopts a process (other than the traditional means of 
        certification) to allow eligible aircraft and engines to operate using 
        qualified replacement unleaded gasoline in a manner that ensures safety.
    (b) Timing.--The Administrator shall adopt the process described in 
subsection (a)(3) not later than 180 days after the later of--
            (1) the date on which the Administration completes the Piston 
        Aviation Fuels Initiative; or
            (2) the date on which the American Society for Testing and Materials 
        publishes a production specification for an unleaded aviation gasoline.
    (c) Type Certification.--Existing regulatory mechanisms by which an unleaded 
aviation gasoline can be approved for use in an engine or aircraft by Type or 
Supplemental Type Certificate for individual aircraft and engine types or by 
Approved Model List Supplemental Type Certificate providing coverage for a broad 
range of applicable types of aircraft or engines identified in the application 
shall continue to be fully available as a means of approving and bringing an 
unleaded aviation gasoline into general use in the United States. Such approvals 
shall be issued when the Administrator finds that the aircraft or engine 
performs properly and meets the applicable regulations and minimum standards 
under the normal certification process.

SEC. 566. RIGHT TO PRIVACY WHEN USING AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator shall, upon 
request of a private aircraft owner or operator, block the registration number 
of the aircraft of the owner or operator from any public dissemination or 
display, except in data made available to a Government agency, for the 
noncommercial flights of the owner or operator.

SEC. 567. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WORKFORCE REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a review to 
assess the workforce and training needs of the FAA in the anticipated budgetary 
environment.
    (b) Contents.--In conducting the review, the Comptroller General shall--
            (1) identify the long-term workforce and training needs of the FAA 
        workforce;
            (2) assess the impact of automation, digitalization, and artificial 
        intelligence on the FAA workforce;
            (3) analyze the skills and qualifications required of the FAA 
        workforce for successful performance in the current and future projected 
        aviation environment;
            (4) review current performance incentive policies of the FAA, 
        including awards for performance;
            (5) analyze ways in which the FAA can work with industry and labor, 
        including labor groups representing the FAA workforce, to establish 
        knowledge-sharing opportunities between the FAA and the aviation 
        industry regarding new equipment and systems, best practices, and other 
        areas of interest; and
            (6) develop recommendations on the most effective qualifications, 
        training programs (including e-learning training), and performance 
        incentive approaches to address the needs of the future projected 
        aviation regulatory system in the anticipated budgetary environment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the review.

SEC. 568. REVIEW OF APPROVAL PROCESS FOR USE OF LARGE AIR TANKERS AND VERY LARGE 
              AIR TANKERS FOR WILDLAND FIREFIGHTING.

    (a) Review and Improvement of Current Approval Process.--The Chief of the 
Forest Service, in consultation with the Administrator, shall conduct a review 
of the process used by the Forest Service to approve the use of large air 
tankers and very large air tankers for wildland firefighting for the purpose 
of--
            (1) determining the current effectiveness, safety, and consistency 
        of the approval process;
            (2) developing recommendations for improving the effectiveness, 
        safety, and consistency of the approval process; and
            (3) assisting in developing standardized next-generation 
        requirements for air tankers used for firefighting.
    (b) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Chief of the Forest Service shall submit to Congress 
a report describing the outcome of the review conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 569. FAA TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) identify and assess barriers to attracting, developing, 
        training, and retaining a talented workforce in the areas of systems 
        engineering, architecture, systems integration, digital communications, 
        and cybersecurity;
            (2) develop a comprehensive plan to attract, develop, train, and 
        retain talented individuals in those fields; and
            (3) identify existing authorities available to the Administrator, 
        through personnel reform, to attract, develop, and retain this talent.
    (b) Report.--The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the progress made toward implementing the requirements 
under subsection (a).

SEC. 570. STUDY ON AIRPORT CREDIT ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a 
        review to determine whether a Federal credit assistance program would be 
        beneficial and feasible for airport-related projects as defined in 
        section 40117(a) of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Considerations.--In carrying out the review under paragraph (1), 
        the Secretary may consider--
                    (A) expanding eligibility under an existing Federal credit 
                assistance program to include such projects; and
                    (B) establishing a new credit assistance program for such 
                projects.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on the Environment 
and Public Works of the Senate a report on the results of the review carried out 
under subsection (a). The report shall include a description of--
            (1) the benefits and other effects;
            (2) potential projects;
            (3) the budgetary impacts, including an estimate of--
                    (A) the average annual loan volume;
                    (B) the average subsidy rate; and
                    (C) any loss of Federal revenue;
            (4) impacts on existing programs;
            (5) the administrative costs; and
            (6) any personnel changes.

SEC. 571. SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) requires 
        the Secretary of Commerce to identify 30 megahertz of electromagnetic 
        spectrum below the frequency of 3 gigahertz to be reallocated to non-
        Federal use, to shared Federal and non-Federal use, or to a combination 
        thereof.
            (2) The Spectrum Pipeline Act of 2015 (47 U.S.C. 921 note) 
        authorized the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to use 
        amounts made available through the Spectrum Relocation Fund to make 
        payments to Federal entities for research and development, engineering 
        studies, economic analyses, and other activities intended to improve the 
        efficiency and effectiveness of Federal spectrum use in order to make 
        such spectrum available for reallocation for non-Federal use, for shared 
        Federal and non-Federal use, or for a combination thereof.
            (3) The Federal Aviation Administration, in coordination with the 
        Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, and the Department of 
        Homeland Security, established the Spectrum Efficient National 
        Surveillance Radar (referred to in this section as ``SENSR'') Program to 
        assess the feasibility of consolidating certain long-range, short-range, 
        and weather radar systems in order to make available the 1300-1350 
        megahertz band.
            (4) The SENSR Program received approval and approximately 
        $71,500,000 from Office of Management and Budget on June 2, 2017, to 
        proceed with Phase I of the SENSR Spectrum Pipeline Plan, which will 
        focus on requirements and concept development as well as documenting 
        expected costs and information for all impacted Federal spectrum 
        systems.
    (b)  Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the SENSR Program 
of the FAA should continue its assessment of the feasibility of making the 1300-
1350 megahertz band of electromagnetic spectrum available for non-Federal use.

SEC. 572. SPECIAL REVIEW RELATING TO AIR SPACE CHANGES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Federal Aviation Management Advisory Council established under section 
106(p) of title 49, United States Code (in this section referred to as the 
``Council'') shall initiate a special review of the Federal Aviation 
Administration.
    (b) Review.--The special review of the Administration required under 
subsection (a) shall consist of the following:
            (1) A review of the practices and procedures of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration for developing proposals with respect to changes in 
        regulations, policies, or guidance of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration relating to airspace that affect airport operations, 
        airport capacity, the environment, or communities in the vicinity of 
        airports, including an assessment of the extent to which there is 
        consultation, or a lack of consultation, with respect to such 
        proposals--
                    (A) between and among the affected elements of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration, including the Air Traffic Organization, 
                the Office of Airports, the Flight Standards Service, the Office 
                of NextGen, and the Office of Energy and Environment; and
                    (B) between the Federal Aviation Administration and affected 
                entities, including airports, aircraft operators, communities, 
                and State and local governments.
            (2) Recommendations for revisions to such practices and procedures 
        to improve communications and coordination between and among affected 
        elements of the Federal Aviation Administration and with other affected 
        entities with respect to proposals described in paragraph (1) and the 
        potential effects of such proposals.
    (c) Consultation.--In conducting the special review, the Council shall 
consult with--
            (1) air carriers, including passenger and cargo air carriers;
            (2) general aviation, including business aviation and fixed wing 
        aircraft and rotorcraft;
            (3) airports of various sizes and types;
            (4) exclusive bargaining representatives of air traffic controllers 
        certified under section 7111 of title 5, United States Code; and
            (5) State aviation officials.
    (d) Report Required.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the results of the special review conducted by the Council, 
including a description of the comments, recommendations, and dissenting views 
received from the Council and a description of how the Administrator plans to 
implement the recommendations of the Council.

SEC. 573. REIMBURSEMENT FOR IMMIGRATION INSPECTIONS.

    Section 286(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1356(i)) is 
amended--
            (1) by inserting ``, train,'' after ``commercial aircraft''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, rail line,'' after ``airport''.

SEC. 574. FAA EMPLOYEES IN GUAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall use existing 
authorities to negotiate an agreement that shall be renegotiated after no sooner 
than 3 years with the Secretary of Defense--
            (1) to authorize Federal Aviation Administration employees assigned 
        to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children access to 
        Department of Defense health care facilities located in Guam on a space 
        available basis; and
            (2) to provide for payments by the Federal Aviation Administration 
        to the Department of Defense for the administrative and any other costs 
        associated with--
                    (A) enrolling Federal Aviation Administration employees 
                assigned to Guam, their spouses, and their dependent children in 
                any Department of Defense health care facility necessary to 
                allow access pursuant to paragraph (1); and
                    (B) third-party billing for any medical costs incurred as a 
                result of Federal Aviation Administration employees, their 
                spouses, or their dependent children accessing and receiving 
                medical treatment or services at a Department of Defense health 
                care facility located in Guam.
    (b) Funds Subject to Appropriations.--Funds for payments by the Federal 
Aviation Administration described in subsection (a)(2) are subject to the 
availability of amounts specifically provided in advance for that purpose in 
appropriations Acts.
    (c) Report on Access to Facilities of the Department of Defense in Guam.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary 
        of Defense shall jointly submit a report to the Committees on Armed 
        Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Committee 
        on Commerce of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on eligibility for and 
        access to Department of Defense support facilities by Federal Aviation 
        Administration employees in the U.S. territory of Guam.
            (2) Scope.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall:
                    (A) Evaluate the ability of Department of Defense support 
                facilities in Guam to adequately serve current military 
                personnel and dependent populations.
                    (B) Determine how any substantial increases to military 
                personnel and dependent populations in Guam would impact the 
                ability of existing Department of Defense support facilities to 
                provide services for military personnel and dependents stationed 
                in Guam.
                    (C) Provide recommendations on any improvements to existing 
                Department of Defense facilities which may be needed to ensure 
                those facilities in Guam can support an increased population of 
                military personnel and dependent population in Guam.
                    (D) Consider the impact of expanded access to Department of 
                Defense support facilities in Guam to Federal Aviation 
                Administration employees and their families on the ability of 
                those facilities to provide services to military personnel and 
                their families.
                    (E) Recognize the Federal Aviation Administration's vital 
                role as the sole provider of radar air traffic control services 
                for aircraft traversing into and out of the airspace near and 
                above Guam the vast majority of which are military operations, 
                Department of Defense aircraft, or other aircraft traveling to 
                Guam in order to interact with Department of Defense facilities.
                    (F) Review the existing authorities authorizing eligibility 
                and access for non-military personnel and their dependents to 
                Department of Defense support facilities, including health care 
                facilities, commissaries, and exchanges, outside the continental 
                United States.
                    (G) Determine the applicability of those existing 
                authorities to Department of Defense support facilities in the 
                U.S. territory of Guam.
                    (H) Outline the specific conditions on Guam, which may 
                necessitate access to Department of Defense support facilities 
                in Guam by Federal Aviation Administration personnel and their 
                families.
                    (I) Determine any changes in laws or regulations that may be 
                necessary to authorize Federal Aviation Administration employees 
                and their families access to Department of Defense health care 
                facilities, commissaries, and exchanges in Guam.

SEC. 575. GAO STUDY ON AIRLINE COMPUTER NETWORK DISRUPTIONS.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a report containing a review of the following:
            (1) Direct and indirect effects on passengers, if any, resulting 
        from significant computer network disruptions of part 121 (of title 49, 
        Code of Federal Regulations) air carriers between January 1, 2014, and 
        the date of enactment of this section, including--
                    (A) systemwide delays;
                    (B) flight cancellations; and
                    (C) disrupted or broken itineraries.
            (2) An estimate of any expenses incurred by passengers during 
        significant computer network disruptions, including--
                    (A) meals, lodging, and ancillary expenses per persons;
                    (B) late hotel check-in or car rental fees;
                    (C) missed cruise-ship departures; and
                    (D) lost productivity.
            (3) Air carriers' contracts of carriage and interline agreements to 
        determine if and how air carriers accommodate passengers affected by 
        significant computer network disruptions on other air carriers or 
        foreign air carriers.
            (4) Whether passengers who have been displaced by significant 
        computer network disruptions are furnished with alternative 
        transportation aboard another air carrier or foreign air carrier.
            (5) Costs incurred by airports, if any, to meet the essential needs 
        of passengers, including increased demands on utilities, food 
        concessionaires, restroom facilities, and security staffing, during 
        significant computer network disruptions.
            (6) Other costs, if any, incurred by passengers, airports, and other 
        entities as a direct result of significant computer network disruptions.
            (7) Processes, plans, and redundancies in place at air carriers to 
        respond to and recover from such network disruptions.

SEC. 576. TOWER MARKING.

    Section 2110 of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 
U.S.C. 44718 note) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 2110. TOWER MARKING.

    ``(a) Application.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), not later 
        than 18 months after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization 
        Act of 2018 or the date of availability of the database developed by the 
        Administrator pursuant to subsection (c), whichever is later, all 
        covered towers shall be either--
                    ``(A) clearly marked consistent with applicable guidance in 
                the advisory circular of the FAA issued December 4, 2015 (AC 70/
                7460-IL); or
                    ``(B) included in the database described in subsection (c).
            ``(2) Meteorological evaluation tower.--A covered tower that is a 
        meteorological evaluation tower shall be subject to the requirements of 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).
    ``(b) Definitions.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
                    ``(A) Covered tower.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term `covered tower' means a 
                        structure that--
                                    ``(I) is a meteorological evaluation tower, 
                                a self-standing tower, or tower supported by guy 
                                wires and ground anchors;
                                    ``(II) is 10 feet or less in diameter at the 
                                above-ground base, excluding concrete footing;
                                    ``(III) at the highest point of the 
                                structure is at least 50 feet above ground 
                                level;
                                    ``(IV) at the highest point of the structure 
                                is not more than 200 feet above ground level;
                                    ``(V) has accessory facilities on which an 
                                antenna, sensor, camera, meteorological 
                                instrument, or other equipment is mounted; and
                                    ``(VI) is located on land that is--
                                            ``(aa) in a rural area; and
                                            ``(bb) used for agricultural 
                                        purposes or immediately adjacent to such 
                                        land.
                            ``(ii) Exclusions.--The term `covered tower' does 
                        not include any structure that--
                                    ``(I) is adjacent to a house, barn, electric 
                                utility station, or other building;
                                    ``(II) is within the curtilage of a 
                                farmstead or adjacent to another building or 
                                visible structure;
                                    ``(III) supports electric utility 
                                transmission or distribution lines;
                                    ``(IV) is a wind-powered electrical 
                                generator with a rotor blade radius that exceeds 
                                6 feet;
                                    ``(V) is a street light erected or 
                                maintained by a Federal, State, local, or tribal 
                                entity;
                                    ``(VI) is designed and constructed to 
                                resemble a tree or visible structure other than 
                                a tower;
                                    ``(VII) is an advertising billboard;
                                    ``(VIII) is located within the right-of-way 
                                of a rail carrier, including within the 
                                boundaries of a rail yard, and is used for a 
                                railroad purpose;
                                    ``(IX)(aa) is registered with the Federal 
                                Communications Commission under the Antenna 
                                Structure Registration program set forth under 
                                part 17 of title 47, Code of Federal 
                                Regulations; and
                                    ``(bb) is determined by the Administrator to 
                                pose no hazard to air navigation; or
                                    ``(X) has already mitigated any hazard to 
                                aviation safety in accordance with Federal 
                                Aviation Administration guidance or as otherwise 
                                approved by the Administrator.
                    ``(B) Rural area.--The term `rural area' has the meaning 
                given the term in section 609(a)(5) of the Public Utility 
                Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 918c(a)(5)).
                    ``(C) Agricultural purposes.--The term `agricultural 
                purposes' means farming in all its branches and the cultivation 
                and tillage of the soil, the production, cultivation, growing, 
                and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural commodities 
                performed by a farmer or on a farm, or on pasture land or 
                rangeland.
            ``(2) Other definitions.--The Administrator shall define such other 
        terms as may be necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(c) Database.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) develop a new database, or if appropriate use an existing 
        database that meets the requirements under this section, that contains 
        the location and height of each covered tower that, pursuant to 
        subsection (a), the owner or operator of such tower elects not to mark 
        (unless the Administrator has determined that there is a significant 
        safety risk requiring that the tower be marked), except that 
        meteorological evaluation towers shall be marked and contained in the 
        database;
            ``(2) keep the database current to the extent practicable;
            ``(3) ensure that any proprietary information in the database is 
        protected from disclosure in accordance with law;
            ``(4) ensure that, by virtue of accessing the database, users agree 
        and acknowledge that information in the database--
                    ``(A) may only be used for aviation safety purposes; and
                    ``(B) may not be disclosed for purposes other than aviation 
                safety, regardless of whether or not the information is marked 
                or labeled as proprietary or with a similar designation;
            ``(5) ensure that the tower information in the database is de-
        identified and that the information only includes the location and 
        height of covered towers and whether the tower has guy wires;
            ``(6) ensure that information in the dataset is encrypted at rest 
        and in transit and is protected from unauthorized access and 
        acquisition;
            ``(7) ensure that towers excluded from the definition of covered 
        tower under subsection (d)(1)(B)(ii)(VIII) must be registered by its 
        owner in the database;
            ``(8) ensure that a tower to be included in the database pursuant to 
        subsection (c)(1) and constructed after the date on which the database 
        is fully operational is submitted by its owner to the FAA for inclusion 
        in the database before its construction;
            ``(9) ensure that pilots who intend to conduct low-altitude 
        operations in locations described in subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)(VI) consult 
        the relevant parts of the database before conducting such operations; 
        and
            ``(10) make the database available for use not later than 1 year 
        after the date of enactment of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018.
    ``(d) Exclusion and Waiver Authorities.--As part of a rulemaking conducted 
pursuant to this section, the Administrator--
            ``(1) may exclude a class, category, or type of tower that is 
        determined by the Administrator, after public notice and comment, to not 
        pose a hazard to aviation safety;
            ``(2) shall establish a process to waive specific covered towers 
        from the marking requirements under this section as required under the 
        rulemaking if the Administrator later determines such tower or towers do 
        not pose a hazard to aviation safety;
            ``(3) shall consider, in establishing exclusions and granting 
        waivers under this subsection, factors that may sufficiently mitigate 
        risks to aviation safety, such as the length of time the tower has been 
        in existence or alternative marking methods or technologies that 
        maintains a tower's level of conspicuousness to a degree which 
        adequately maintains the safety of the airspace; and
            ``(4) shall consider excluding towers located in a State that has 
        enacted tower marking requirements according to the Federal Aviation 
        Administration's recommended guidance for the voluntary marking of 
        meteorological evaluation towers erected in remote and rural areas that 
        are less than 200 feet above ground level to enhance the conspicuity of 
        the towers for low level agricultural operations in the vicinity of 
        those towers.
    ``(e) Periodic Review.--The Administrator shall, in consultation with the 
Federal Communications Commission, periodically review any regulations or 
guidance regarding the marking of covered towers issued pursuant to this section 
and update them as necessary, consistent with this section, and in the interest 
of safety of low-altitude aircraft operations.
    ``(f) FCC Regulations.--The Federal Communications Commission shall amend 
section 17.7 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, to require a notification 
to the Federal Aviation Administration for any construction or alteration of an 
antenna structure, as defined in section 17.2(a) of title 47, Code of Federal 
Regulations, that is a covered tower as defined by this section.''.

SEC. 577. MINIMUM DIMENSIONS FOR PASSENGER SEATS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and after providing notice and an opportunity for comment, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue regulations 
that establish minimum dimensions for passenger seats on aircraft operated by 
air carriers in interstate air transportation or intrastate air transportation, 
including minimums for seat pitch, width, and length, and that are necessary for 
the safety of passengers.
    (b) Definitions.--The definitions contained in section 40102(a) of title 49, 
United States Code, apply to this section.

SEC. 578. JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW AND 
              APPROVAL PROCEDURES.

    Section 330 of title 23, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``5 States'' and inserting ``2 
        States''; and
            (2) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``2 years'' and 
                inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking ``2 years'' and 
                inserting ``150 days as set forth in section 139(l)''.

SEC. 579. REGULATORY STREAMLINING.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a final 
regulation revising section 121.333(c)(3) of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations, to apply only to flight altitudes above flight level 410.

SEC. 580. SPACEPORTS.

    (a) Sense of Congress on State Spaceport Contributions.--It is the Sense of 
Congress that--
            (1) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports have 
        contributed hundreds of millions of dollars in infrastructure 
        improvements to the national space launch infrastructure, providing the 
        United States Government and commercial customers with world-class space 
        launch and processing infrastructure that is necessary to support 
        continued American leadership in space;
            (2) State and local government-owned or -operated spaceports play a 
        critical role in providing resiliency and redundancy in the national 
        launch infrastructure to support national security and civil government 
        capabilities, and should be recognized as a critical infrastructure in 
        Federal strategy and planning;
            (3) continued State and local government investments at launch and 
        reentry facilities should be encouraged and to the maximum extent 
        practicable supported in Federal policies, planning and infrastructure 
        investment considerations, including through Federal, State, and local 
        partnerships;
            (4) Federal investments in space infrastructure should enable 
        partnerships between Federal agencies and state and local spaceports to 
        modernize and enable expanded 21st century space transportation 
        infrastructure, especially multi-modal networks needed for robust space 
        transportation that support national security, civil, and commercial 
        launch customers; and
            (5) States and local governments that have made investments to 
        build, maintain, operate, and improve capabilities for national 
        security, civil, and commercial customers should be commended for their 
        infrastructure contributions to launch and reentry sites, and encouraged 
        through a variety of programs and policies to continue these investments 
        in the national interest.
    (b) Establishment of Office of Spaceports.--
            (1) Establishment of office of spaceports.--Title 51, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end of subtitle V the following:

                       ``CHAPTER 515--OFFICE OF SPACEPORTS

``Sec. 51501. Establishment of Office of Spaceports
    ``(a) Establishment of Office.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall identify, 
within the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, a centralized policy 
office to be known as the Office of Spaceports.
    ``(b) Functions.--The Office of Spaceports shall--
            ``(1) support licensing activities for operation of launch and 
        reentry sites;
            ``(2) develop policies that promote infrastructure improvements at 
        spaceports;
            ``(3) provide technical assistance and guidance to spaceports;
            ``(4) promote United States spaceports within the Department; and
            ``(5) strengthen the Nation's competitiveness in commercial space 
        transportation infrastructure and increase resilience for the Federal 
        Government and commercial customers.
    ``(c) Recognition.--In carrying out the functions assigned in subsection 
(b), the Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and distinctions of 
spaceports that host--
            ``(1) launches to or reentries from orbit; and
            ``(2) are involved in suborbital launch activities.
    ``(d) Director.--The head of the Office of the Associate Administrator for 
Commercial Space Transportation shall designate a Director of the Office of 
Spaceports.
    ``(e) Definition.--In this section the term `spaceport' means a launch or 
reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the Secretary of 
Transportation.''.
            (2) Technical and conforming amendment.--The table of chapters of 
        title 51, United State Code, is amended by adding at the end of subtitle 
        V the following:

``515. Office of Spaceports.................................   51501''.
    (c) Report on National Spaceports Policy.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) A robust network of space transportation infrastructure, 
                including spaceports, is vital to the growth of the domestic 
                space industry and America's competitiveness and access to 
                space.
                    (B) Non-Federal spaceports have significantly increased the 
                space transportation infrastructure of the United States through 
                significant investments by State and local governments, which 
                have encouraged greater private investment.
                    (C) These spaceports have led to the development of a 
                growing number of orbital and suborbital launch and reentry 
                sites that are available to the national security, civil, and 
                commercial space customers at minimal cost to the Federal 
                Government.
                    (D) The Federal Government, led by the Secretary of 
                Transportation, should seek to promote the growth, resilience, 
                and capabilities of this space transportation infrastructure 
                through policies and through partnerships with State and local 
                governments.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit to Congress a 
        report that--
                    (A) evaluates the Federal Government's national security and 
                civil space transportation demands and the needs of the United 
                States and international commercial markets;
                    (B) proposes policies and programs designed to ensure a 
                robust and resilient orbital and suborbital spaceport 
                infrastructure to serve and capitalize on these space 
                transportation opportunities;
                    (C) reviews the development and investments made by 
                international competitors in foreign spaceports, to the extent 
                practicable;
                    (D) makes recommendations on how the Federal Government can 
                support, encourage, promote, and facilitate greater investments 
                in infrastructure at spaceports; and
                    (E) considers and makes recommendations about how spaceports 
                can fully support and enable the national space policy.
            (3) Updates to the report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act and every 2 years until December 2024, the 
        Secretary shall--
                    (A) update the previous report prepared under this 
                subsection; and
                    (B) submit the updated report to Congress.
            (4) Consultations required.--In preparing the reports required by 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall consult with individuals 
        including--
                    (A) the Secretary of Defense;
                    (B) the Secretary of Commerce;
                    (C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
                Administration; and
                    (D) interested persons at spaceports, State and local 
                governments, and industry.
    (d) Report on Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants.--
            (1) GAO study and report.--The Comptroller General of the United 
        States shall conduct a study regarding spaceport activities carried out 
        pursuant to chapters 509 and 511 of title 51, United States Code, 
        including--
                    (A) an assessment of potential mechanisms to provide Federal 
                support to spaceports, including the airport improvement program 
                established under subchapter I of chapter 471 of title 49, 
                United States Code, and the program established under chapter 
                511 of title 51, United States Code;
                    (B) recommendations for potential funding options; and
                    (C) any necessary changes to improve the spaceport 
                application review process.
            (2) Consultation.--In carrying out the study described in paragraph 
        (1), the Comptroller General shall consult with sources from each 
        component of the commercial space transportation sector, including 
        interested persons in industry and government officials at the Federal, 
        State, and local levels.
            (3) User-funded spaceports.--In reviewing funding options, the 
        Comptroller General shall distinguish between spaceports that are funded 
        by users and those that are not.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report 
        containing results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).
    (e) Definition.--In this section, the term ``spaceport'' means a launch or 
reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the Secretary of 
Transportation.

SEC. 581. SPECIAL RULE FOR CERTAIN AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS (SPACE SUPPORT VEHICLES).

    (a) Space Support Vehicle Definitions.--Section 50902 of title 51, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (21) through (25) as paragraphs (23) 
        through (27), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (20) the following:
            ``(21) `space support vehicle flight' means a flight in the air 
        that--
                    ``(A) is not a launch or reentry; but
                    ``(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle.
            ``(22) `space support vehicle' means a vehicle that is--
                    ``(A) a launch vehicle;
                    ``(B) a reentry vehicle; or
                    ``(C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.''.
    (b) Special Rule for Certain Aircraft Operations.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 447, of title 49, United States Code, as 
        amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
        following:
``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.
    ``(a) In General.--The operator of an aircraft with a special airworthiness 
certification in the experimental category may--
            ``(1) operate the aircraft for the purpose of conducting a space 
        support vehicle flight (as that term is defined in chapter 50902 of 
        title 51); and
            ``(2) conduct such flight under such certificate carrying persons or 
        property for compensation or hire --
                    ``(A) notwithstanding any rule or term of a certificate 
                issued by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration that would prohibit flight for compensation or 
                hire; or
                    ``(B) without obtaining a certificate issued by the 
                Administrator to conduct air carrier or commercial operations.
    ``(b) Limited Applicability.--Subsection (a) shall apply only to a space 
support vehicle flight that satisfies each of the following:
            ``(1) (1) The aircraft conducting the space support vehicle flight--
                    ``(A) takes flight and lands at a single site that is 
                operated by an entity licensed for operation under chapter 509 
                of title 51;
                    ``(B) is owned or operated by a launch or reentry vehicle 
                operator licensed under chapter 509 of title 51, or on behalf of 
                a launch or reentry vehicle operator licensed under chapter 509 
                of title 51;
                    ``(C) is a launch vehicle, a reentry vehicle, or a component 
                of a launch or reentry vehicle licensed for operations pursuant 
                to chapter 509 of title 51; and
                    ``(D) is used only to simulate space flight conditions in 
                support of--
                            ``(i) training for potential space flight 
                        participants, government astronauts, or crew (as those 
                        terms are defined in chapter 509 of title 51);
                            ``(ii) the testing of hardware to be used in space 
                        flight; or
                            ``(iii) research and development tasks, which 
                        require the unique capabilities of the aircraft 
                        conducting the flight.
    ``(c) Rules of Construction.--
            ``(1) Space support vehicles.--Section 44711(a)(1) shall not apply 
        to a person conducting a space support vehicle flight under this section 
        only to the extent that a term of the experimental certificate under 
        which the person is operating the space support vehicle prohibits the 
        carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire.
            ``(2) Authority of administrator.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed to limit the authority of the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration to exempt a person from a regulatory prohibition 
        on the carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire subject 
        to terms and conditions other than those described in this section''.
            (2) Technical amendment.--The table of contents of 447 of title 49, 
        United States Code, as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding 
        at the end the following:

``Sec. 44737. Special rule for certain aircraft operations.''.
            (3) Rule of construction relating to role of nasa.--Nothing in this 
        subsection shall be construed as limiting the ability of National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to place conditions on or 
        otherwise qualify the operations of NASA contractors providing NASA 
        services.

SEC. 582. PORTABILITY OF REPAIRMAN CERTIFICATES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall assign to the Aviation Rulemaking 
Advisory Committee the task of making recommendations with respect to the 
regulatory and policy changes, as appropriate, to allow a repairman certificate 
issued under section 65.101 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, to be 
portable from one employing certificate holder to another.
    (b) Action Based on Recommendations.--Not later than 1 year after receiving 
recommendations under subsection (a), the Administrator may take such action as 
the Administrator considers appropriate with respect to those recommendations.

SEC. 583. UNDECLARED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a public 
awareness campaign to reduce the amount of undeclared hazardous materials 
traveling through air commerce.
    (b) Campaign Requirements.--The public awareness campaign required under 
subsection (a) shall do the following:
            (1) Focus on targeting segments of the hazardous materials industry 
        with high rates of undeclared shipments through air commerce and educate 
        air carriers, shippers, manufacturers, and other relevant stakeholders 
        of such segments on properly packaging and classifying such shipments.
            (2) Educate the public on proper ways to declare and ship hazardous 
        materials, examples of everyday items that are considered hazardous 
        materials, and penalties associated with intentional shipments of 
        undeclared hazardous materials.
    (c) Interagency Working Group.--
            (1) Establishment.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish 
        an interagency working group to promote collaboration and engagement 
        between the Department of Transportation and other relevant agencies, 
        and develop recommendations and guidance on how best to conduct the 
        public awareness campaign required under subsection (a).
            (2) Duties.--The interagency working group shall consult with 
        relevant stakeholders, including cargo air carriers, passenger air 
        carriers, and labor organizations representing pilots for cargo and 
        passenger air carriers operating under part 121 of title 14, Code of 
        Federal Regulations.
    (d) Update.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall provide to the appropriate committees of 
Congress an update on the status of the public awareness campaign required under 
subsection (a).

SEC. 584. LIABILITY PROTECTION FOR VOLUNTEER PILOTS WHO FLY FOR THE PUBLIC 
              BENEFIT.

    Section 4 of the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 14503) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (b) through (f) as subsections (c) 
        through (g), respectively;
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``subsections (b) and (d)'' and 
        inserting ``subsections (b), (c), and (e)''; and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Liability Protection for Pilots That Fly for Public Benefit.--Except 
as provided in subsections (c) and (e), no volunteer of a volunteer pilot 
nonprofit organization that arranges flights for public benefit shall be liable 
for harm caused by an act or omission of the volunteer on behalf of the 
organization if, at the time of the act or omission, the volunteer--
            ``(1) was operating an aircraft in furtherance of the purpose of, 
        and acting within the scope of the volunteer's responsibilities on 
        behalf of, the nonprofit organization to provide patient and medical 
        transport (including medical transport for veterans), disaster relief, 
        humanitarian assistance, or other similar charitable missions;
            ``(2) was properly licensed and insured for the operation of the 
        aircraft;
            ``(3) was in compliance with all requirements of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration for recent flight experience; and
            ``(4) did not cause the harm through willful or criminal misconduct, 
        gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a conscious, flagrant 
        indifference to the rights or safety of the individual harmed by the 
        volunteer.''; and
            (4) in subsection (g)(2), as redesignated, by striking ``(e)'' and 
        inserting ``(f)''.

                          TITLE VI--AVIATION WORKFORCE

                          Subtitle A--Youth in Aviation

SEC. 601. STUDENT OUTREACH REPORT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes the Administration's 
existing outreach efforts, such as the STEM Aviation and Space Education 
Outreach Program, to elementary and secondary students who are interested in 
careers in science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics--
            (1) to prepare and inspire such students for aviation and 
        aeronautical careers; and
            (2) to mitigate an anticipated shortage of pilots and other aviation 
        professionals.

SEC. 602. YOUTH ACCESS TO AMERICAN JOBS IN AVIATION TASK FORCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a 
Youth Access to American Jobs in Aviation Task Force (in this section referred 
to as the ``Task Force'').
    (b) Duties.--Not later than 12 months after its establishment under 
subsection (a), the Task Force shall develop and submit to the Administrator 
recommendations and strategies for the Administration to--
            (1) facilitate and encourage high school students in the United 
        States, beginning in their junior year, to enroll in and complete career 
        and technical education courses, including STEM, that would prepare them 
        to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation career at an 
        institution of higher education, including a community college or trade 
        school;
            (2) facilitate and encourage the students described in paragraph (1) 
        to enroll in a course of study related to an aviation career, including 
        aviation manufacturing, engineering and maintenance, at an institution 
        of higher education, including a community college or trade school; and
            (3) identify and develop pathways for students who complete a course 
        of study described in paragraph (2) to secure registered 
        apprenticeships, workforce development programs, or careers in the 
        aviation industry of the United States.
    (c) Considerations.--When developing recommendations and strategies under 
subsection (b), the Task Force shall--
            (1) identify industry trends that encourage or discourage youth in 
        the United States from pursuing careers in aviation;
            (2) consider how the Administration; air carriers; aircraft, 
        powerplant, and avionics manufacturers; aircraft repair stations; and 
        other aviation stakeholders can coordinate efforts to support youth in 
        pursuing careers in aviation;
            (3) identify methods of enhancing aviation apprenticeships, job 
        skills training, mentorship, education, and outreach programs that are 
        exclusive to youth in the United States; and
            (4) identify potential sources of government and private sector 
        funding, including grants and scholarships, that may be used to carry 
        out the recommendations and strategies described in subsection (b) and 
        to support youth in pursuing careers in aviation.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 30 days after submission of the recommendations 
and strategies under subsection (b), the Task Force shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report outlining such recommendations and 
strategies.
    (e) Composition of Task Force.--The Administrator shall appoint members of 
the Task Force, including representatives from the following:
            (1) Air carriers.
            (2) Aircraft, powerplant, and avionics manufacturers.
            (3) Aircraft repair stations.
            (4) Local educational agencies or high schools.
            (5) Institutions of higher education, including community colleges 
        and aviation trade schools.
            (6) Such other aviation and educational stakeholders and experts as 
        the Administrator considers appropriate.
    (f) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Task Force for 
the duration of the existence of the Task Force.
    (g) Compensation.--Task Force members shall serve without compensation.
    (h) Sunset.--The Task Force shall terminate upon the submittal of the report 
pursuant to subsection (d).
    (i) Definition of STEM.--The term ``STEM'' means--
            (1) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics; and
            (2) other career and technical education subjects that build on the 
        subjects described in paragraph (1).

                          Subtitle B--Women in Aviation

SEC. 611. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING WOMEN IN AVIATION.

    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry should explore all 
opportunities, including pilot training, science, technology, engineering, and 
mathematics education, and mentorship programs, to encourage and support female 
students and aviators to pursue a career in aviation.

SEC. 612. SUPPORTING WOMEN'S INVOLVEMENT IN THE AVIATION FIELD.

    (a) Advisory Board.--To encourage women and girls to enter the field of 
aviation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall create 
and facilitate the Women in Aviation Advisory Board (referred to in this section 
as the ``Board''), with the objective of promoting organizations and programs 
that are providing education, training, mentorship, outreach, and recruitment of 
women into the aviation industry.
    (b) Composition.--The Board shall consist of members whose diverse 
background and expertise allow them to contribute balanced points of view and 
ideas regarding the strategies and objectives set forth in subsection (f).
    (c) Selection.--Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall appoint members of the Board, including 
representatives from the following:
            (1) Major airlines and aerospace companies.
            (2) Nonprofit organizations within the aviation industry.
            (3) Aviation business associations.
            (4) Engineering business associations.
            (5) United States Air Force Auxiliary, Civil Air Patrol.
            (6) Institutions of higher education and aviation trade schools.
    (d) Period of Appointment.--Members shall be appointed to the Board for the 
duration of the existence of the Board.
    (e) Compensation.--Board members shall serve without compensation.
    (f) Duties.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Board shall present a comprehensive plan for strategies the 
Administration can take, which include the following objectives:
            (1) Identifying industry trends that directly or indirectly 
        encourage or discourage women from pursuing careers in aviation.
            (2) Coordinating the efforts of airline companies, nonprofit 
        organizations, and aviation and engineering associations to facilitate 
        support for women pursuing careers in aviation.
            (3) Creating opportunities to expand existing scholarship 
        opportunities for women in the aviation industry.
            (4) Enhancing aviation training, mentorship, education, and outreach 
        programs that are exclusive to women.
    (g) Reports.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Board shall submit a report outlining the comprehensive 
        plan for strategies pursuant to subsection (f) to the Administrator and 
        the appropriate committees of Congress.
            (2) Availability online.--The Administrator shall make the report 
        publicly available online and in print.
    (h) Sunset.--The Board shall terminate upon the submittal of the report 
pursuant to subsection (g).

                    Subtitle C--Future of Aviation Workforce

SEC. 621. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) in 2016, United States air carriers carried a record high number 
        of passengers on domestic flights, 719 million passengers;
            (2) the United States aerospace and defense industry employed 1.7 
        million workers in 2015, or roughly 2 percent of the Nation's total 
        employment base;
            (3) the average salary of an employee in the aerospace and defense 
        industry is 44 percent above the national average;
            (4) in 2015, the aerospace and defense industry contributed nearly 
        $202.4 billion in value added to the United States economy;
            (5) an effective aviation industry relies on individuals with unique 
        skill sets, many of which can be directly obtained through career and 
        technical education opportunities; and
            (6) industry and the Federal Government have taken some actions to 
        attract qualified individuals to careers in aviation and aerospace and 
        to retain qualified individuals in such careers.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) public and private education institutions should make available 
        to students and parents information on approved programs of study and 
        career pathways, including career exploration, work-based learning 
        opportunities, dual and concurrent enrollment opportunities, and 
        guidance and advisement resources;
            (2) public and private education institutions should partner with 
        aviation and aerospace companies to promote career paths available 
        within the industry and share information on the unique benefits and 
        opportunities the career paths offer;
            (3) aviation companies, including air carriers, manufacturers, 
        commercial space companies, unmanned aircraft system companies, and 
        repair stations, should create opportunities, through apprenticeships or 
        other mechanisms, to attract young people to aviation and aerospace 
        careers and to enable individuals to gain the critical skills needed to 
        thrive in such professions; and
            (4) the Federal Government should consider the needs of men and 
        women interested in pursuing careers in the aviation and aerospace 
        industry, the long-term personnel needs of the aviation and aerospace 
        industry, and the role of aviation in the United States economy in the 
        creation and administration of educational and financial aid programs.

SEC. 622. AVIATION AND AEROSPACE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a study--
            (1) to evaluate the current and future supply of individuals in the 
        aviation and aerospace workforce;
            (2) to identify the factors influencing the supply of individuals 
        pursuing a career in the aviation or aerospace industry, including 
        barriers to entry into the workforce; and
            (3) to identify methods to increase the future supply of individuals 
        in the aviation and aerospace workforce, including best practices or 
        programs to incentivize, recruit, and retain young people in aviation 
        and aerospace professions.
    (b) Consultation.--The Comptroller General shall conduct the study in 
consultation with--
            (1) appropriate Federal agencies; and
            (2) the aviation and aerospace industry, institutions of higher 
        education, and labor stakeholders.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a report on the results of the study and related recommendations.

SEC. 623. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON HIRING VETERANS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the aviation industry, including 
certificate holders under parts 121, 135, and 145 of title 14, Code of Federal 
Regulations, should hire more of the Nation's veterans.

SEC. 624. AVIATION MAINTENANCE INDUSTRY TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.

    (a) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue a 
final rule to modernize training programs at aviation maintenance technician 
schools governed by part 147 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Guidance.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall coordinate with government, educational 
institutions, labor organizations representing aviation maintenance workers, and 
businesses to develop and publish guidance or model curricula for aviation 
maintenance technician schools referred to in subsection (a) to ensure workforce 
readiness for industry needs, including curricula related to training in 
avionics, troubleshooting, and other areas of industry needs.
    (c) Review and Periodic Updates.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) ensure training programs referred to in subsection (a) are 
        revised and updated in correlation with aviation maintenance technician 
        airman certification standards as necessary to reflect current 
        technology and maintenance practices; and
            (2) publish updates to the guidance or model curricula required 
        under subsection (b) at least once every 2 years, as necessary, from the 
        date of initial publication.
    (d) Report to Congress.--If the Administrator does not issue such final rule 
by the deadline specified in subsection (a), the Administrator shall, not later 
than 30 days after such deadline, submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report containing--
            (1) an explanation as to why such final rule was not issued by such 
        deadline; and
            (2) a schedule for issuing such final rule .
    (e) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study on technical workers in the aviation maintenance industry.
    (f) Contents.--In conducting the study under subsection (e), the Comptroller 
General shall--
            (1) analyze the current Standard Occupational Classification system 
        with regard to the aviation profession, particularly technical workers 
        in the aviation maintenance industry;
            (2) analyze how changes to the Federal employment classification of 
        aviation maintenance industry workers might affect government data on 
        unemployment rates and wages;
            (3) analyze how changes to the Federal employment classification of 
        aviation maintenance industry workers might affect projections for 
        future aviation maintenance industry workforce needs and project 
        technical worker shortfalls;
            (4) analyze the impact of Federal regulation, including Federal 
        Aviation Administration oversight of certification, testing, and 
        education programs, on employment of technical workers in the aviation 
        maintenance industry;
            (5) develop recommendations on how Federal Aviation Administration 
        regulations and policies could be improved to modernize training 
        programs at aviation maintenance technical schools and address aviation 
        maintenance industry needs for technical workers;
            (6) develop recommendations for better coordinating actions by 
        government, educational institutions, and businesses to support 
        workforce growth in the aviation maintenance industry; and
            (7) develop recommendations for addressing the needs for government 
        funding, private investment, equipment for training purposes, and other 
        resources necessary to strengthen existing training programs or develop 
        new training programs to support workforce growth in the aviation 
        industry.
    (g) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the results of the study.
    (h) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Aviation maintenance industry.--The term ``aviation maintenance 
        industry'' means repair stations certificated under part 145 of title 
        14, Code of Federal Regulations.
            (2) Technical worker.--The term ``technical worker'' means an 
        individual authorized under part 43 of title 14, Code of Federal 
        Regulations, to maintain, rebuild, alter, or perform preventive 
        maintenance on an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, 
        appliance, or component part or employed by an entity so authorized to 
        perform such a function.

SEC. 625. AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish--
            (1) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to support the 
        education of future aircraft pilots and the development of the aircraft 
        pilot workforce; and
            (2) a program to provide grants for eligible projects to support the 
        education and recruitment of aviation maintenance technical workers and 
        the development of the aviation maintenance workforce.
    (b) Project Grants.--
            (1) In general.--Out of amounts made available under section 48105 
        of title 49, United States Code, not more than $5,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is authorized to be expended to provide 
        grants under the program established under subsection (a)(1), and 
        $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023 is authorized to 
        provide grants under the program established under subsection (a)(2).
            (2) Dollar amount limit.--Not more than $500,000 shall be available 
        for any 1 grant in any 1 fiscal year under the programs established 
        under subsection (a).
    (c) Eligible Applications.--
            (1) An application for a grant under the program established under 
        subsection (a)(1) shall be submitted, in such form as the Secretary may 
        specify, by--
                    (A) an air carrier, as defined in section 40102 of title 49, 
                United States Code, or a labor organization representing 
                aircraft pilots;
                    (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as 
                defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U. S. C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined 
                in section 7801 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                7801));
                    (C) a flight school that provides flight training, as 
                defined in part 61 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
                that holds a pilot school certificate under part 141 of title 
                14, Code of Federal Regulations; or
                    (D) a State or local governmental entity.
            (2) An application for a grant under the pilot program established 
        under subsection (a)(2) shall be submitted, in such form as the 
        Secretary may specify, by--
                    (A) a holder of a certificate issued under part 21, 121, 
                135, or 145 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations or a labor 
                organization representing aviation maintenance workers;
                    (B) an accredited institution of higher education (as 
                defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 1001)) or a high school or secondary school (as defined 
                in section 7801 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
                1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); and
                    (C) a State or local governmental entity.
    (d) Eligible Projects.--
            (1) For purposes of the program established under subsection (a)(1), 
        an eligible project is a project--
                    (A) to create and deliver curriculum designed to provide 
                high school students with meaningful aviation education that is 
                designed to prepare the students to become aircraft pilots, 
                aerospace engineers, or unmanned aircraft systems operators; or
                    (B) to support the professional development of teachers 
                using the curriculum described in subparagraph (A).
            (2) For purposes of the pilot program established under subsection 
        (a)(2), an eligible project is a project--
                    (A) to establish new educational programs that teach 
                technical skills used in aviation maintenance, including 
                purchasing equipment, or to improve existing such programs;
                    (B) to establish scholarships or apprenticeships for 
                individuals pursuing employment in the aviation maintenance 
                industry;
                    (C) to support outreach about careers in the aviation 
                maintenance industry to--
                            (i) primary, secondary, and post-secondary school 
                        students; or
                            (ii) to communities underrepresented in the 
                        industry;
                    (D) to support educational opportunities related to aviation 
                maintenance in economically disadvantaged geographic areas;
                    (E) to support transition to careers in aviation 
                maintenance, including for members of the Armed Forces; or
                    (F) to otherwise enhance aviation maintenance technical 
                education or the aviation maintenance industry workforce.
    (e) Grant Application Review.--In reviewing and selecting applications for 
grants under the programs established under subsection (a), the Secretary 
shall--
            (1) prior to selecting among competing applications, consult, as 
        appropriate, with representatives of aircraft repair stations, design 
        and production approval holders, air carriers, labor organizations, 
        business aviation, general aviation, educational institutions, and other 
        relevant aviation sectors; and
            (2) ensure that the applications selected for projects established 
        under subsection (a)(1) will allow participation from a diverse 
        collection of public and private schools in rural, suburban, and urban 
        areas.

                 Subtitle D--Unmanned Aircraft Systems Workforce

SEC. 631. COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN SMALL 
              UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY TRAINING.

    (a) Designation.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of 
Education and the Secretary of Labor, shall establish a process to designate 
consortia of public, 2-year institutions of higher education as Community and 
Technical College Centers of Excellence in Small Unmanned Aircraft System 
Technology Training (in this section referred to as the ``Centers of 
Excellence'').
    (b) Functions.--A Center of Excellence designated under subsection (a) shall 
have the capacity to train students for career opportunities in industry and 
government service related to the use of small unmanned aircraft systems.
    (c) Education and Training Requirements.--In order to be designated as a 
Center of Excellence under subsection (a), a consortium shall be able to address 
education and training requirements associated with various types of small 
unmanned aircraft systems, components, and related equipment, including with 
respect to--
            (1) multirotor and fixed-wing small unmanned aircraft;
            (2) flight systems, radio controllers, components, and 
        characteristics of such aircraft;
            (3) routine maintenance, uses and applications, privacy concerns, 
        safety, and insurance for such aircraft;
            (4) hands-on flight practice using small unmanned aircraft systems 
        and computer simulator training;
            (5) use of small unmanned aircraft systems in various industry 
        applications and local, State, and Federal government programs and 
        services, including in agriculture, law enforcement, monitoring oil and 
        gas pipelines, natural disaster response and recovery, fire and 
        emergency services, and other emerging areas;
            (6) Federal policies concerning small unmanned aircraft;
            (7) dual credit programs to deliver small unmanned aircraft training 
        opportunities to secondary school students; or
            (8) training with respect to sensors and the processing, analyzing, 
        and visualizing of data collected by small unmanned aircraft.
    (d) Collaboration.--Each Center of Excellence shall seek to collaborate with 
institutions participating in the Alliance for System Safety of UAS through 
Research Excellence of the Federal Aviation Administration and with the test 
ranges defined under section 44801 of title 49, United States Code, as added by 
this Act.
    (e) Institution of Higher Education.--In this section, the term 
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the term in section 
101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

SEC. 632. COLLEGIATE TRAINING INITIATIVE PROGRAM FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall establish a 
collegiate training initiative program relating to unmanned aircraft systems by 
making new agreements or continuing existing agreements with institutions of 
higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 1001)) under which the institutions prepare students for careers 
involving unmanned aircraft systems. The Administrator may establish standards 
for the entry of such institutions into the program and for their continued 
participation in the program.
    (b) Unmanned Aircraft System Defined.--In this section, the term ``unmanned 
aircraft system'' has the meaning given that term by section 44801 of title 49, 
United States Code, as added by this Act.

                            TITLE VII--FLIGHT R&D ACT

                         Subtitle A--General Provisions

SEC. 701. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``FAA Leadership in Groundbreaking High-Tech 
Research and Development Act'' or the ``FLIGHT R&D Act''.

SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration.
            (2) FAA.--The term ``FAA'' means the Federal Aviation 
        Administration.
            (3) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics and 
        Space Administration.
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        Transportation.

SEC. 703. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Authorizations.--Section 48102(a) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``and, for 
        each of fiscal years 2012 through 2015, under subsection (g)'';
            (2) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
            (3) by striking paragraph (10) and inserting the following:
            ``(10) $189,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
            ``(11) $194,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(12) $199,000,000 for fiscal year 2020;
            ``(13) $204,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
            ``(14) $209,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; and
            ``(15) $214,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.''.
    (b) Research Priorities.--Section 48102(b) of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``consider'' and inserting 
        ``prioritize safety in considering'';
            (2) by striking paragraph (3);
            (3) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) As safety related activities shall be the highest research 
        priority, at least 70 percent of the amount appropriated under 
        subsection (a) of this section shall be for safety research and 
        development projects.''.
    (c) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--Section 
48102(g) of title 49, United States, Code, is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Annual Submission of the National Aviation Research Plan.--The 
Administrator shall submit the national aviation research plan to Congress no 
later than the date of submission of the President's budget request to Congress 
for that fiscal year, as required under section 44501(c).''.

              Subtitle B--FAA Research and Development Organization

SEC. 711. ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Appointment.--Not later than 3 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall appoint an Assistant Administrator for 
Research and Development.
    (b) Responsibilities.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development shall, at a minimum, be responsible for--
            (1) management and oversight of all the FAA's research and 
        development programs and activities; and
            (2) production of all congressional reports from the FAA relevant to 
        research and development, including the national aviation research plan 
        required under section 44501(c) of title 49, United States Code.
    (c) Dual Appointment.--The Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development may be a dual-appointment, holding the responsibilities of another 
Assistant Administrator.

SEC. 712. RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Advice and Recommendations.--Section 44508(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(A) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration and Congress about needs, objectives, 
        plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of all aviation research 
        and development activities and programs carried out, including those 
        under sections 40119, 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511-44513, and 44912 of 
        this title;''.
    (b) Written Reply to Research Advisory Committee.--Section 44508 of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Written Reply.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after receiving any 
        recommendation from the research advisory committee, the Administrator 
        shall provide a written reply to the research advisory committee that, 
        at a minimum--
                    ``(A) clearly states whether the Administrator accepts or 
                rejects the recommendation;
                    ``(B) explains the rationale for the Administrator's 
                decision;
                    ``(C) sets forth the timeframe in which the Administrator 
                will implement the recommendation; and
                    ``(D) describes the steps the Administrator will take to 
                implement the recommendation.
            ``(2) Transparency.--The written reply to the research advisory 
        committee, when transmitted to the research advisory committee, shall 
        be--
                    ``(A) made publicly available on the research advisory 
                committee website; and
                    ``(B) transmitted to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
                Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
            ``(3) National aviation research plan.--The national aviation 
        research plan required under section 44501(c) shall include a summary of 
        all research advisory committee recommendations and a description of the 
        status of their implementation.''.

                      Subtitle C--Unmanned Aircraft Systems

SEC. 721. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ROADMAP.

    The Secretary shall submit the unmanned aircraft systems roadmap to Congress 
on an annual basis as required under section 48802(a) of title 49, United States 
Code, as added by this Act.

            Subtitle D--Cybersecurity and Responses to Other Threats

SEC. 731. CYBER TESTBED.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall develop an integrated Cyber Testbed for research, 
development, evaluation, and validation of air traffic control modernization 
technologies, before they enter the national airspace system, as being compliant 
with FAA data security regulations. The Cyber Testbed shall be part of an 
integrated research and development test environment capable of creating, 
identifying, defending, and solving cybersecurity-related problems for the 
national airspace system. This integrated test environment shall incorporate 
integrated test capacities within the FAA related to the national airspace 
system and NextGen.

SEC. 732. STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EXTREME WEATHER ON AIR TRAVEL.

    (a) Study Required.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall jointly complete a study on the effect of extreme weather on commercial 
air travel.
    (b) Elements.--The study required by subsection (a) shall include assessment 
of the following:
            (1) Whether extreme weather may result in an increase in turbulence.
            (2) The effect of extreme weather on current commercial air routes.
            (3) The effect of extreme weather on domestic airports, air traffic 
        control facilities, and associated facilities.

               Subtitle E--FAA Research and Development Activities

SEC. 741. RESEARCH PLAN FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE 
              NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator, in consultation with NASA, shall transmit a comprehensive 
research plan for the certification of new technologies into the national 
airspace system to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate. This plan shall identify research necessary to support the 
certification and implementation of NextGen, including both ground and air 
elements, and explain the plan's relationship to other activities and procedures 
required for certification and implementation of new technologies into the 
national airspace system. This plan shall be informed by the recommendations of 
the National Research Council report titled ``Transformation in the Air--A 
Review of the FAA Research Plan'', issued on June 8, 2015. This plan shall 
include, at a minimum--
            (1) a description of the strategic and prescriptive value of the 
        research plan;
            (2) an explanation of the expected outcomes from executing the plan;
            (3) an assessment of the FAA's plan to use research and development 
        to improve cybersecurity over the next 5 years;
            (4) an assessment of the current software assurance practices, and 
        the desired level or attributes to target in the software assurance 
        program; and
            (5) best practices in research and development used by other 
        organizations, such as NASA, NavCanada, and Eurocontrol.

SEC. 742. TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall conduct a review of current 
        and planned research on the use of advanced aircraft technologies, 
        innovative materials, alternative fuels, additive manufacturing, and 
        novel aircraft designs, to increase aircraft fuel efficiency.
            (2) Summaries.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) shall 
        include summaries of projects and missions to examine--
                    (A) the effectiveness of such technologies, materials, 
                fuels, and aircraft designs to enhance fuel efficiency and 
                aerodynamic performance, and reduce drag, weight, noise, and 
                fuel consumption; and
                    (B) the potential for novel flight pattern planning and 
                communications systems to reduce aircraft taxiing and airport 
                circling.
            (3) Recommendations.--The review conducted under paragraph (1) shall 
        identify potential opportunities for additional research and 
        development, public or private, to increase aircraft fuel efficiency.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report containing the results of the review 
conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 743. CLEEN AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP.

    (a) Cooperative Agreement.--Subchapter I of chapter 475 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall enter into a cost-sharing cooperative agreement, using a competitive 
process, with institutions, entities, or consortiums to carry out a program for 
the development, maturation, and testing of certifiable CLEEN aircraft, engine 
technologies, and jet fuels for civil subsonic airplanes.
    ``(b) CLEEN Engine and Airframe Technology Defined.--In this section, the 
term `CLEEN aircraft and engine technology' means continuous lower energy, 
emissions, and noise aircraft and engine technology.
    ``(c) Performance Objective.--The Administrator shall establish the 
performance objectives for the program in terms of the specific objectives to 
reduce fuel burn, emissions and noise.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of contents of subchapter 
I of chapter 475 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 
47510 the following:

``47511. CLEEN engine and airframe technology partnership.''.

SEC. 744. RESEARCH AND DEPLOYMENT OF CERTAIN AIRFIELD PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES.

    Using amounts made available under section 48102(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration may carry 
out a program for the research and development of aircraft pavement technologies 
under which the Administrator makes grants to, and enters into cooperative 
agreements with, institutions of higher education and nonprofit organizations 
that--
            (1) research concrete and asphalt airfield pavement technologies 
        that extend the life of airfield pavements;
            (2) develop and conduct training;
            (3) provide for demonstration projects; and
            (4) promote the latest airfield pavement technologies to aid in the 
        development of safer, more cost effective, and more durable airfield 
        pavements.

                           Subtitle F--Geospatial Data

SEC. 751. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS.

    (a) Short Title.--This subtitle may be cited as the ``Geospatial Data Act of 
2018''.
    (b) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) open and publicly available data is essential to the successful 
        operation of the GeoPlatform;
            (2) the private sector in the United States, for the purposes of 
        acquiring and producing quality geospatial data and geospatial data 
        services, has been and continues to be invaluable in carrying out the 
        varying missions of Federal departments and agencies, as well as 
        contributing positively to the United States economy; and
            (3) over the last 2 decades, Congress has passed legislation that 
        promotes greater access and use of Government information and data, 
        which has--
                    (A) sparked new, innovative start-ups and services;
                    (B) spurred economic growth in many sectors, such as in the 
                geospatial services;
                    (C) advanced scientific research;
                    (D) promoted public access to Federally funded services and 
                data; and
                    (E) improved access to geospatial data for the purposes of 
                promoting public health, weather forecasting, economic 
                development, environmental protection, flood zone research, and 
                other purposes.

SEC. 752. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle--
            (1) the term ``Advisory Committee'' means the National Geospatial 
        Advisory Committee established under section 754(a);
            (2) the term ``Committee'' means the Federal Geographic Data 
        Committee established under section 753(a);
            (3) the term ``covered agency''--
                    (A) means--
                            (i) an Executive department, as defined in section 
                        101 of title 5, United States Code, that collects, 
                        produces, acquires, maintains, distributes, uses, or 
                        preserves geospatial data on paper or in electronic form 
                        to fulfill the mission of the Executive department, 
                        either directly or through a relationship with another 
                        organization, including a State, local government, 
                        Indian tribe, institution of higher education, business 
                        partner or contractor of the Federal Government, and the 
                        public;
                            (ii) the National Aeronautics and Space 
                        Administration; or
                            (iii) the General Services Administration; and
                    (B) does not include the Department of Defense (including 30 
                components and agencies performing national missions) or any 
                element of the intelligence community;
            (4) the term ``GeoPlatform'' means the GeoPlatform described in 
        section 758(a);
            (5) the term ``geospatial data''--
                    (A) means information that is tied to a location on the 
                Earth, including by identifying the geographic location and 
                characteristics of natural or constructed features and 
                boundaries on the Earth, and that is generally represented in 
                vector datasets by points, lines, polygons, or other complex 
                geographic features or phenomena;
                    (B) may be derived from, among other things, remote sensing, 
                mapping, and surveying technologies;
                    (C) includes images and raster datasets, aerial photographs, 
                and other forms of geospatial data or datasets in digitized or 
                non-digitized form; and
                    (D) does not include--
                            (i) geospatial data and activities of an Indian 
                        tribe not carried out, in whole or in part, using 
                        Federal funds, as determined by the tribal government;
                            (ii) classified national security-related geospatial 
                        data and activities of the Department of Defense, unless 
                        declassified;
                            (iii) classified national security-related 
                        geospatial data and activities of the Department of 
                        Energy, unless declassified;
                            (iv) geospatial data and activities under chapter 22 
                        of title 10, United States Code, or section 110 of the 
                        National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3045);
                            (v) intelligence geospatial data and activities, as 
                        determined by the Director of National Intelligence; or
                            (vi) certain declassified national security-related 
                        geospatial data and activities of the intelligence 
                        community, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, 
                        the Secretary of Energy, or the Director of National 
                        Intelligence;
            (6) the term ``Indian tribe'' has the meaning given that term under 
        section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act 
        (25 U.S.C. 450b);
            (7) the term ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning 
        given that term under section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
        (20 U.S.C. 1002);
            (8) the term ``intelligence community'' has the meaning given that 
        term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003);
            (9) the term ``lead covered agency'' means a lead covered agency for 
        a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme designated under section 
        756(b)(1);
            (10) the term ``local government'' means any city, county, township, 
        town, borough, parish, village, or other general purpose political 
        subdivision of a State;
            (11) the term ``metadata for geospatial data'' means information 
        about geospatial data, including the content, source, vintage, accuracy, 
        condition, projection, method of collection, and other characteristics 
        or descriptions of the geospatial data;
            (12) the term ``National Geospatial Data Asset data theme'' means 
        the National Geospatial Data Asset core geospatial datasets (including 
        electronic records and coordinates) relating to a topic or subject 
        designated under section 756;
            (13) the term ``National Spatial Data Infrastructure'' means the 
        technology, policies, criteria, standards, and employees necessary to 
        promote geospatial data sharing throughout the Federal Government, 
        State, tribal, and local governments, and the private sector (including 
        nonprofit organizations and institutions of higher education); and
            (14) the term ``proven practices'' means methods and activities that 
        advance the use of geospatial data for the benefit of society.

SEC. 753. FEDERAL GEOGRAPHIC DATA COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--There is established within the Department of the Interior 
an interagency committee to be known as the Federal Geographic Data Committee, 
which shall act as the lead entity in the executive branch for the development, 
implementation, and review of policies, practices, and standards relating to 
geospatial data.
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Chairperson and vice chairperson.--The Secretary of the Interior 
        and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall serve as 
        Chairperson of the Committee and Vice Chairperson of the Committee, 
        respectively.
            (2) Other members.--
                    (A) In general.--The head of each covered agency and the 
                Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency shall 
                each designate a representative of their respective agency to 
                serve as a member of the Committee.
                    (B) Requirement for appointments.--An officer appointed to 
                serve as a member of the Committee shall hold a position as an 
                assistant secretary, or an equivalent position, or a higher 
                ranking position.
            (3) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, and as needed thereafter, the Director of the Office of 
        Management and Budget shall update guidance with respect to membership 
        of the Committee and the roles of members of the Committee.
    (c) Duties.--The Committee shall--
            (1) lead the development and management of and operational decision 
        making for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure strategic plan and 
        geospatial data policy in accordance with section 755;
            (2) designate National Geospatial Data Asset data themes and oversee 
        the coordinated management of the National Geospatial Data Asset data 
        themes in accordance with section 756;
            (3) establish and maintain geospatial data standards in accordance 
        with section 757;
            (4) periodically review and determine the extent to which covered 
        agencies comply with geospatial data standards;
            (5) ensure that the GeoPlatform operates in accordance with section 
        758;
            (6) direct and facilitate national implementation of the system of 
        National Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
            (7) communicate with and foster communication among covered agencies 
        and other entities and individuals relating to geospatial data 
        technology development, transfer, and exchange in order to--
                    (A) identify and meet the needs of users of geospatial data;
                    (B) promote cost-effective data collection, documentation, 
                maintenance, distribution, and preservation strategies; and
                    (C) leverage Federal and non-Federal resources, such as 
                promoting Federal shared services and cross-agency coordination 
                for marketplace solutions;
            (8) define roles and responsibilities and promote and guide 
        cooperation and coordination among agencies of the Federal Government, 
        State, tribal, and local governments, institutions of higher education, 
        and the private sector in the collection, production, sharing, and use 
        of geospatial information, the implementation of the National Spatial 
        Data Infrastructure, and the identification of proven practices;
            (9) coordinate with international organizations having an interest 
        in the National Spatial Data Infrastructure or global spatial data 
        infrastructures;
            (10) make available online and update at least annually--
                    (A) a summary of the status for each National Geospatial 
                Data Asset data theme, based on the report submitted by the 
                applicable lead covered agency under section 
                756(b)(3)(E)(ii)(I), which shall include--
                            (i) an evaluation of the progress of each lead 
                        covered agency in achieving the requirements under 
                        subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 
                        756(b)(3); and
                            (ii) a determination of whether, for each of 
                        subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 
                        756(b)(3), each lead covered agency meets expectations, 
                        has made progress toward expectations, or fails to meet 
                        expectations;
                    (B) a summary and evaluation of the achievements of each 
                covered agency, based on the annual report submitted by the 
                covered agency under section 759(b)(1), which shall include a 
                determination of whether the covered agency meets expectations, 
                has made progress toward expectations, or fails to meet 
                expectations for each of paragraphs (1) through (13) of section 
                759(a);
                    (C) a collection of periodic technical publications, 
                management articles, and reports related to the National Spatial 
                Data Infrastructure; and
                    (D) a membership directory for the Committee, including 
                identifying members of any subcommittee or working group of the 
                Committee;
            (11)(A) make available to and request comments from the Advisory 
        Committee regarding the summaries and evaluations required under 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (10);
            (B) if requested by the Advisory Committee, respond to any comments 
        by the Advisory Committee; and
            (C) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a report 
        that includes the summaries and evaluations required under subparagraphs 
        (A) and (B) of paragraph (10), the comments of the Advisory Committee, 
        and the responses of the Committee to the comments;
            (12)(A) make available to and request comments from covered agencies 
        regarding the summaries and evaluations required under subparagraphs (A) 
        and (B) of paragraph (10); and
            (B) not less than once every 2 years, submit to Congress a report 
        that includes the comments of the covered agencies and the responses of 
        the Committee to the comments; and
            (13) support and promote the infrastructure of networks, systems, 
        services, and standards that provide a digital representation of the 
        Earth to users for many applications.
    (d) Staff Support.--The Committee shall establish an Office of the 
Secretariat within the Department of the Interior to provide administrative 
support, strategic planning, funding, and technical support to the Committee.

SEC. 754. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary of the Interior shall establish within the 
Department of the Interior the National Geospatial Advisory Committee to provide 
advice and recommendations to the Chairperson of the Committee.
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of not 
        more than 30 members, at least one of which will be from the National 
        Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, who shall--
                    (A) be appointed by the Chairperson of the Committee;
                    (B) be selected--
                            (i) to generally achieve a balanced representation 
                        of the viewpoints of various interested parties involved 
                        in national geospatial activities and the development of 
                        the National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and
                            (ii) with consideration of a geographic balance of 
                        residence of the members; and
                    (C) be selected from among groups involved in the geospatial 
                community, including--
                            (i) States;
                            (ii) local governments;
                            (iii) regional governments;
                            (iv) tribal governments;
                            (v) private sector entities;
                            (vi) geospatial information user industries;
                            (vii) professional associations;
                            (viii) scholarly associations;
                            (ix) nonprofit organizations;
                            (x) academia;
                            (xi) licensed geospatial data acquisition 
                        professionals; and
                            (xii) the Federal Government.
            (2) Chairperson.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall appoint the 
        Chairperson of the Advisory Committee.
            (3) Period of appointment; vacancies.--
                    (A) In general.--Members shall be appointed for a term of 3 
                years, with the term of \1/3\ of the members expiring each year.
                    (B) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Advisory Committee shall 
                not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner as 
                the original appointment.
            (4) Limit on terms.--Except for the member from the National 
        Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, an individual--
                    (A) may not be appointed to more than 2 consecutive terms as 
                a member of the Advisory Committee; and
                    (B) after serving for 2 consecutive terms, is eligible to be 
                appointed as a member of the Advisory Committee on and after the 
                date that is 2 years after the end of the second consecutive 
                term of the individual as a member of the Advisory Committee.
            (5) Ethical requirements.--A member of the Advisory Committee may 
        not participate in any specific-party matter (including a lease, 
        license, permit, contract, claim, agreement, or related litigation) with 
        the Department of the Interior in which the member has a direct 
        financial interest.
            (6) Incumbents.--
                    (A) In general.--An individual serving on the day before the 
                date of enactment of this Act as a member of the National 
                Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the Secretary of 
                the Interior may serve as a member of the Advisory Committee 
                until the end of the term of the individual under the 
                appointment.
                    (B) Limit on terms.--Any period of service as a member of 
                the National Geospatial Advisory Committee established by the 
                Secretary of the Interior shall be considered a period of 
                service as a member of the Advisory Committee for purposes of 
                paragraph (4).
    (c) Subcommittees.--A subcommittee of the Advisory Committee--
            (1) may be formed for the purposes of compiling information or 
        conducting research;
            (2) shall be composed of members appointed by the Chairperson of the 
        Advisory Committee;
            (3) shall act under the direction of the Chairperson of the Advisory 
        Committee and the officer or employee designated under section 10(e) of 
        the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) with respect to the 
        Advisory Committee;
            (4) shall report the recommendations of the subcommittee to the 
        Advisory Committee for consideration; and
            (5) shall meet as necessary to accomplish the objectives of the 
        subcommittee, subject to the approval of the Chairperson of the Advisory 
        Committee and the availability of resources.
    (d) Meetings.--
            (1) In general.--The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of 
        the Chairperson, not less than 1 time each year and not more than 4 
        times each year.
            (2) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Advisory Committee 
        shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may hold 
        meetings or hearings.
    (e) Duties of the Advisory Committee.--The Advisory Committee shall--
            (1) provide advice and recommendations relating to--
                    (A) the management of Federal and national geospatial 
                programs;
                    (B) the development of the National Spatial Data 
                Infrastructure; and
                    (C) implementation of this subtitle;
            (2) review and comment on geospatial policy and management issues; 
        and
            (3) ensure the views of representatives of non-Federal interested 
        parties involved in national geospatial activities are conveyed to the 
        Committee.
    (f) Powers of the Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Meetings.--The Advisory Committee may hold meetings (which shall 
        be open to the public) and sit and act at such times and places as the 
        Advisory Committee considers advisable to carry out this subtitle.
            (2) Information from covered agencies.--
                    (A) In general.--The Advisory Committee, with the 
                concurrence of the Chairperson of the Committee, may secure 
                directly from any covered agency such information as the 
                Advisory Committee considers necessary to carry out this 
                subtitle. Upon request of the Chairperson of the Advisory 
                Committee, the head of such agency shall furnish such 
                information to the Advisory Committee.
                    (B) Noncooperation.--The Advisory Committee shall include in 
                the comments of the Advisory Committee submitted under section 
                753(c)(11) a discussion of any failure by a covered agency to 
                furnish information in response to a request under subparagraph 
                (A) of this paragraph.
            (3) Postal services.--The Advisory Committee may use the United 
        States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as other 
        agencies of the Federal Government.
    (g) Advisory Committee Personnel Matters.--
            (1) No compensation of members.--
                    (A) Non-federal employees.--A member of the Advisory 
                Committee who is not an officer or employee of the Federal 
                Government shall serve without compensation.
                    (B) Federal employees.--A member of the Advisory Committee 
                who is an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall 
                serve without compensation in addition to the compensation 
                received for the services of the member as an officer or 
                employee of the Federal Government.
            (2) Travel expenses.--The members of the Advisory Committee shall be 
        allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at 
        rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 
        57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes or 
        regular places of business in the performance of services for the 
        Advisory Committee.
            (3) Detail of government employees.--Any Federal Government employee 
        may be detailed to the Committee to support the Advisory Committee 
        without reimbursement, and such detail shall be without interruption or 
        loss of civil service status or privilege.
            (4) Staff support.--The Office of the Secretariat established by the 
        Committee under section 753(d) shall provide administrative support to 
        the Advisory Committee.
    (h) Applicability of FACA.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Federal 
        Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to the Advisory 
        Committee.
            (2) No termination.--Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee.
    (i) Termination.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Advisory 
        Committee shall terminate 10 years after the date of enactment of this 
        Act.
            (2) Continuation.--The Advisory Committee may be continued for 
        successive 10-year periods by action taken by the Secretary of the 
        Interior to renew the Advisory Committee before the date on which the 
        Advisory Committee would otherwise terminate.

SEC. 755. NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) In General.--The National Spatial Data Infrastructure shall ensure that 
geospatial data from multiple sources (including the covered agencies, State, 
local, and tribal governments, the private sector, and institutions of higher 
education) is available and easily integrated to enhance the understanding of 
the physical and cultural world.
    (b) Goals.--The goals of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure are to--
            (1) ensure--
                    (A) that geospatial data are reviewed prior to disclosure to 
                ensure--
                            (i) compliance with section 552a of title 5 
                        (commonly known as the ``Privacy Act of 1974''); and
                            (ii) that personally identifiable information is not 
                        disclosed, which shall include an assessment of re-
                        identification risk when determining what data 
                        constitute personally identifiable information;
                    (B) that geospatial data are designed to enhance the 
                accuracy of statistical information, both in raw form and in 
                derived information products;
                    (C) free and open access for the public to geospatial data, 
                information, and interpretive products, in accordance with 
                Office of Management and Budget Circular A-130, or any successor 
                thereto;
                    (D) the protection of proprietary interests related to 
                licensed information and data; and
                    (E) the interoperability and sharing capabilities of Federal 
                information systems and data to enable the drawing of resources 
                from covered agencies and partners of covered agencies; and
            (2) support and advance the establishment of a Global Spatial Data 
        Infrastructure, consistent with national security, national defense, 
        national intelligence, and international trade requirements, including 
        ensuring that covered agencies develop international geospatial data in 
        accordance with international voluntary consensus standards, as defined 
        in Office of Management and Budget Circular A-119, or any successor 
        thereto.
    (c) Strategic Plan.--The Committee shall prepare and maintain a strategic 
plan for the development and implementation of the National Spatial Data 
Infrastructure in a manner consistent with national security, national defense, 
and emergency preparedness program policies regarding data accessibility.
    (d) Advisory Role.--The Committee shall advise Federal and non-Federal users 
of geospatial data on their responsibilities relating to implementation of the 
National Spatial Data Infrastructure.

SEC. 756. NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL DATA ASSET DATA THEMES.

    (a) In General.--The Committee shall designate as National Geospatial Data 
Asset data themes the primary topics and subjects for which the coordinated 
development, maintenance, and dissemination of geospatial data will benefit the 
Federal Government and the interests of the people of the United States, which 
shall--
            (1) be representations of conceptual topics describing digital 
        spatial information for the Nation; and
            (2) contain associated datasets (with attribute records and 
        coordinates)--
                    (A) that are documented, verifiable, and officially 
                designated to meet recognized standards;
                    (B) that may be used in common; and
                    (C) from which other datasets may be derived.
    (b) Lead Covered Agencies.--
            (1) In general.--For each National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, 
        the Committee shall designate one or more covered agencies as the lead 
        covered agencies for the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme.
            (2) General responsibility.--The lead covered agencies for a 
        National Geospatial Data Asset data theme shall be responsible for 
        ensuring the coordinated management of the data, supporting resources 
        (including technology and personnel), and related services and products 
        of the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme.
            (3) Specific responsibilities.--To assist in fulfilling the 
        responsibilities under paragraph (2) with respect to a National 
        Geospatial Data Asset data theme, the lead covered agencies shall--
                    (A) provide leadership and facilitate the development and 
                implementation of geospatial data standards for the National 
                Geospatial Data Asset data theme, with a particular emphasis on 
                a data content standard for the National Geospatial Data Asset 
                data theme, including by--
                            (i) assessing existing standards;
                            (ii) identifying anticipated or needed data 
                        standards; and
                            (iii) developing a plan to originate and implement 
                        needed standards with relevant community and 
                        international practices--
                                    (I) in accordance with Office of Management 
                                and Budget Circular A-119, or any successor 
                                thereto; and
                                    (II) consistent with or as a part of the 
                                plan described in subparagraph (B);
                    (B) provide leadership and facilitate the development and 
                implementation of a plan for nationwide population of the 
                National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which shall--
                            (i) include developing partnership programs with 
                        States, Indian tribes, institutions of higher education, 
                        private sector entities, other Federal agencies, and 
                        local governments;
                            (ii) meet the needs of users of geospatial data;
                            (iii) address human and financial resource needs;
                            (iv) identify needs relating to standards, metadata 
                        for geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data 
                        Asset data theme, and the GeoPlatform; and
                            (v) expedite the development of necessary National 
                        Geospatial Data Asset data themes;
                    (C) establish goals that support the strategic plan for the 
                National Spatial Data Infrastructure prepared under section 
                755(c);
                    (D) as necessary, collect and analyze information from users 
                of geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset 
                data theme regarding the needs of the users for geospatial data 
                and incorporate the needs of users in strategies relating to the 
                National Geospatial Data Asset data theme; and
                    (E) as part of administering the National Geospatial Data 
                Asset data theme--
                            (i) designate a point of contact within the lead 
                        covered agency who shall be responsible for developing, 
                        maintaining, coordination relating to, and disseminating 
                        data using the GeoPlatform;
                            (ii) submit to the Committee--
                                    (I) a performance report, at least annually, 
                                that documents the activities relating to and 
                                implementation of the National Geospatial Data 
                                Asset data theme, including progress in 
                                achieving the requirements under subparagraphs 
                                (A), (B), (C), and (D); and
                                    (II) comments, as appropriate, regarding the 
                                summary and evaluation of the performance report 
                                provided by the Committee under section 
                                753(c)(12);
                            (iii) publish maps or comparable graphics online (in 
                        accordance with the mapping conventions specified by the 
                        Committee) showing the extent and status of the National 
                        Geospatial Data Asset data themes for which the covered 
                        agency is a lead covered agency;
                            (iv) encourage individuals and entities that are a 
                        source of geospatial data or metadata for geospatial 
                        data for the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme 
                        to provide access to such data through the GeoPlatform;
                            (v) coordinate with the GeoPlatform; and
                            (vi) identify and publish proven practices for the 
                        use and application of geospatial data of the lead 
                        covered agency.

SEC. 757. GEOSPATIAL DATA STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 216 of the E-Government Act of 
2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note), the Committee shall establish standards for each 
National Geospatial Data Asset data theme, which--
            (1) shall include--
                    (A) rules, conditions, guidelines, and characteristics for 
                the geospatial data within the National Geospatial Data Asset 
                data theme and related processes, technology, and organization; 
                and
                    (B) content standards for metadata for geospatial data 
                within the National Geospatial Data Asset data theme;
            (2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be consistent with 
        international standards and protocols;
            (3) shall include universal data standards that shall be acceptable 
        for the purposes of declassified intelligence community data; and
            (4) the Committee shall periodically review and update as necessary 
        for the standards to remain current, relevant, and effective.
    (b) Development of Standards.--The Committee shall--
            (1) develop and promulgate standards under this section--
                    (A) in accordance with Office of Management and Budget 
                Circular A-119, or any successor thereto; and
                    (B) after consultation with a broad range of data users and 
                providers;
            (2) to the maximum extent possible, use national and international 
        standards adopted by voluntary standards consensus bodies; and
            (3) establish new standards only to the extent standards described 
        in paragraph (2) do not exist.
    (c) Exclusion.--The Secretary of the Interior shall withhold from public 
disclosure any information the disclosure of which reasonably could be expected 
to cause damage to the national interest, security, or defense of the United 
States, including information relating to geospatial intelligence data 
activities, as determined in consultation with the Director of National 
Intelligence.

SEC. 758. GEOPLATFORM.

    (a) In General.--The Committee shall operate an electronic service that 
provides access to geospatial data and metadata for geospatial data to the 
general public, to be known as the GeoPlatform.
    (b) Implementation.--
            (1) In general.--The GeoPlatform--
                    (A) shall--
                            (i) be available through the internet and other 
                        communications means;
                            (ii) be accessible through a common interface;
                            (iii) include metadata for all geospatial data 
                        collected by covered agencies, directly or indirectly;
                            (iv) include download access to all open geospatial 
                        data directly or indirectly collected by covered 
                        agencies; and
                            (v) include a set of programming instructions and 
                        standards providing an automated means of accessing 
                        available geospatial data, which--
                                    (I) harmonize sources and data standards 
                                associated with geospatial data, including 
                                metadata; and
                                    (II) to the maximum extent practicable, as 
                                determined by the Chairperson of the Committee, 
                                shall be made publicly available;
                    (B) may include geospatial data from a source other than a 
                covered agency, if determined appropriate by the Committee; and
                    (C) shall not store or serve proprietary information or data 
                acquired under a license by the Federal Government, unless 
                authorized by the data provider.
            (2) Managing partner.--The Chairperson of the Committee shall 
        designate an agency to serve as the managing partner for developing and 
        operating the GeoPlatform, taking direction from the Committee on the 
        scope, functionality, and performance of the GeoPlatform.
    (c) Clarification.--Although the GeoPlatform is intended to include all 
National Geospatial Data Asset and other Federal datasets, nothing in this 
subtitle shall be construed to prevent a covered agency from also presenting, 
providing, or disseminating data that is--
            (1) specific to the functions of the covered agency; or
            (2) targeted to information consumers that directly interface with 
        the services, portals, or other mechanisms of the covered agency.

SEC. 759. COVERED AGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.

    (a) In General.--Each covered agency shall--
            (1) prepare, maintain, publish, and implement a strategy for 
        advancing geographic information and related geospatial data and 
        activities appropriate to the mission of the covered agency, in support 
        of the strategic plan for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure 
        prepared under section 755(c);
            (2) collect, maintain, disseminate, and preserve geospatial data 
        such that the resulting data, information, or products can be readily 
        shared with other Federal agencies and non-Federal users;
            (3) promote the integration of geospatial data from all sources;
            (4) ensure that data information products and other records created 
        in geospatial data and activities are included on agency record 
        schedules that have been approved by the National Archives and Records 
        Administration;
            (5) allocate resources to fulfill the responsibilities of effective 
        geospatial data collection, production, and stewardship with regard to 
        related activities of the covered agency, and as necessary to support 
        the activities of the Committee;
            (6) use the geospatial data standards, including the standards for 
        metadata for geospatial data, and other appropriate standards, including 
        documenting geospatial data with the relevant metadata and making 
        metadata available through the GeoPlatform;
            (7) coordinate and work in partnership with other Federal agencies, 
        agencies of State, tribal, and local governments, institutions of higher 
        education, and the private sector to efficiently and cost-effectively 
        collect, integrate, maintain, disseminate, and preserve geospatial data, 
        building upon existing non-Federal geospatial data to the extent 
        possible;
            (8) use geospatial information to--
                    (A) make Federal geospatial information and services more 
                useful to the public;
                    (B) enhance operations;
                    (C) support decision making; and
                    (D) enhance reporting to the public and to Congress;
            (9) protect personal privacy and maintain confidentiality in 
        accordance with Federal policy and law;
            (10) participate in determining, when applicable, whether 
        declassified data can contribute to and become a part of the National 
        Spatial Data Infrastructure;
            (11) search all sources, including the GeoPlatform, to determine if 
        existing Federal, State, local, or private geospatial data meets the 
        needs of the covered agency before expending funds for geospatial data 
        collection;
            (12) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that a person 
        receiving Federal funds for geospatial data collection provides high-
        quality data; and
            (13) appoint a contact to coordinate with the lead covered agencies 
        for collection, acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of the 
        National Geospatial Data Asset data themes used by the covered agency.
    (b) Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--Each covered agency shall submit to the Committee 
        an annual report regarding the achievements of the covered agency in 
        preparing and implementing the strategy described in subsection (a)(1) 
        and complying with the other requirements under subsection (a).
            (2) Budget submission.--Each covered agency shall--
                    (A) include geospatial data in preparing the budget 
                submission of the covered agency to the President under sections 
                1105(a) and 1108 of title 31, United States Code;
                    (B) maintain an inventory of all geospatial data assets in 
                accordance with OMB Circular A-130, or any successor thereto; 
                and
                    (C) prepare an annual report to Congress identifying 
                Federal-wide geospatial data assets, as defined in OMB Circular 
                A-16, as set forth in OMB memo M-11-03, Issuance of OMB Circular 
                A-16 Supplemental Guidance (November 10, 2010), or any successor 
                thereto.
            (3) Disclosure.--Each covered agency shall disclose each contract, 
        cooperative agreement, grant, or other transaction that deals with 
        geospatial data, which may include posting information relating to the 
        contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or other transaction on 
        www.USAspending.gov and www.itdashboard.gov, or any successors thereto.
            (4) OMB review.--In reviewing the annual budget justifications 
        submitted by covered agencies, the Office of Management and Budget shall 
        take into consideration the summary and evaluations required under 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 753(c)(10), comments, and replies 
        to comments as required under paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 
        753(c), in its annual evaluation of the budget justification of each 
        covered agency.
            (5) Reporting.--The Office of Management and Budget shall include a 
        discussion of the summaries and evaluation of the progress in 
        establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure in each E-
        Government status report submitted under section 3606 of title 44, 
        United States Code.
    (c) Audits.--Not less than once every 2 years, the inspector general of a 
covered agency (or senior ethics official of the covered agency for a covered 
agency without an inspector general) shall submit to Congress an audit of the 
collection, production, acquisition, maintenance, distribution, use, and 
preservation of geospatial data by the covered agency, which shall include a 
review of--
            (1) the compliance of the covered agency with the standards for 
        geospatial data, including metadata for geospatial data, established 
        under section 757;
            (2) the compliance of the covered agency with the requirements under 
        subsection (a); and
            (3) the compliance of the covered agency on the limitation on the 
        use of Federal funds under section 759A.

SEC. 759A. LIMITATION ON USE OF FEDERAL FUNDS.

    (a) Definition.--In this section, the term ``implementation date'' means the 
date that is 5 years after the date on which standards for each National 
Geospatial Data Asset data theme are established under section 757.
    (b) Limitation.--Except as provided otherwise in this section, on and after 
the implementation date, a covered agency may not use Federal funds for the 
collection, production, acquisition, maintenance, or dissemination of geospatial 
data that does not comply with the applicable standards established under 
section 757, as determined by the Committee.
    (c) Exception for Existing Geospatial Data.--On and after the implementation 
date, a covered agency may use Federal funds to maintain and disseminate 
geospatial data that does not comply with the applicable standards established 
under section 757 if the geospatial data was collected, produced, or acquired by 
the covered agency before the implementation date.
    (d) Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--The Chairperson of the Committee may grant a waiver 
        of the limitation under subsection (b), upon a request from a covered 
        agency submitted in accordance with paragraph (2).
            (2) Requirements.--A request for a waiver under paragraph (1) 
        shall--
                    (A) be submitted not later than 30 days before the 
                implementation date;
                    (B) provide a detailed explanation of the reasons for 
                seeking a waiver;
                    (C) provide a detailed plan to achieve compliance with the 
                applicable standards established under section 757; and
                    (D) provide the date by which the covered agency shall 
                achieve compliance with the applicable standards established 
                under section 757.
    (e) Best Efforts to Comply During Transition.--During the period beginning 
on the date on which standards for a National Geospatial Data Asset data theme 
are established under section 757 and ending on the implementation date, each 
covered agency, to the maximum extent practicable, shall collect, produce, 
acquire, maintain, and disseminate geospatial data within the National 
Geospatial Data Asset data theme in accordance with the standards.

SEC. 759B. SAVINGS PROVISION.

    Nothing in this subtitle shall repeal, amend, or supersede any existing law 
unless specifically provided in this subtitle.

SEC. 759C. PRIVATE SECTOR.

    The Committee and each covered agency may, to the maximum extent practical, 
rely upon and use the private sector in the United States for the provision of 
geospatial data and services.

                            Subtitle G--Miscellaneous

SEC. 761. NEXTGEN RESEARCH.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate a report specifying the top 5 priority research areas for the 
implementation and advancement of NextGen, including--
            (1) an assessment of why the research areas are a priority for the 
        implementation and advancement of NextGen;
            (2) an identification of the other Federal agencies and private 
        organizations assisting the Administration with the research; and
            (3) an estimate of when the research will be completed.

SEC. 762. ADVANCED MATERIALS CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 445 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
shall continue operation of the Advanced Materials Center of Excellence 
(referred to in this section as the `Center') under its structure as in effect 
on March 1, 2016, which shall focus on applied research and training on the 
durability and maintainability of advanced materials in transport airframe 
structures.
    ``(b) Responsibilities.--The Center shall--
            ``(1) promote and facilitate collaboration among academia, the 
        Transportation Division of the Federal Aviation Administration, and the 
        commercial aircraft industry, including manufacturers, commercial air 
        carriers, and suppliers; and
            ``(2) establish goals set to advance technology, improve engineering 
        practices, and facilitate continuing education in relevant areas of 
        study.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 445 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``44518. Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.''.

                     TITLE VIII--AVIATION REVENUE PROVISIONS

SEC. 801. EXPENDITURE AUTHORITY FROM AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Section 9502(d)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ``October 
        1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 2023''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (A) by striking the semicolon at the end and 
        inserting ``or the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018;''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 9502(e)(2) of such Code is amended by 
striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 1, 2023''.

SEC. 802. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.

    (a) Fuel Taxes.--Section 4081(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
is amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 
2023''.
    (b) Ticket Taxes.--
            (1) Persons.--Section 4261(k)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is amended by 
        striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.
            (2) Property.--Section 4271(d)(1)(A)(ii) of such Code is amended by 
        striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.
    (c) Fractional Ownership Programs.--
            (1) Fuel tax.--Section 4043(d) of such Code is amended by striking 
        ``September 30, 2021'' and inserting ``September 30, 2023''.
            (2) Treatment as noncommercial aviation.--Section 4083(b) of such 
        Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2018'' and inserting ``October 
        1, 2023''.
            (3) Exemption from ticket taxes.--Section 4261(j) of such Code is 
        amended by striking ``September 30, 2018'' and inserting ``September 30, 
        2023''.

  DIVISION C--NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018

SEC. 1101. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``National Transportation Safety Board 
Reauthorization Act''.

SEC. 1102. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the National Transportation 
        Safety Board.
            (2) Chairman.--The term ``Chairman'' means the Chairman of the 
        National Transportation Safety Board.
            (3) Most wanted list.--The term ``Most Wanted List'' means the Board 
        publication entitled ``Most Wanted List''.

SEC. 1103. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 1118(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended to read as 
follows:
    ``(a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes 
of this chapter $111,400,000 for fiscal year 2019, $112,400,000 for fiscal year 
2020, $113,400,000 for fiscal year 2021, and $114,400,000 for fiscal year 2022. 
Such sums shall remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 1104. STILL IMAGES.

    (a) Still Images, Voice Recorders, and Video Recorders.--
            (1) Cockpit recordings and transcripts.--Section 1114(c) of title 
        49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
                    (B) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by inserting 
                ``References to information in making safety recommendations.--
                '' before ``This''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board'' 
                        and inserting ``Confidentiality of recordings.--Except 
                        as provided in paragraph (2), the Board''; and
                            (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as 
                        follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board 
        shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction of 
        visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still image 
        obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant to the 
        accident or incident--
                    ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident or 
                incident, at the time of the hearing; or
                    ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the 
                time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident or 
                incident are placed in the public docket.''.
            (2) Surface vehicle recordings and transcripts.--Section 1114(d) of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and
                    (B) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by striking ``The Board'' 
                        and inserting ``Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
                        Board''; and
                            (ii) by amending the second sentence to read as 
                        follows:
            ``(2) Exception.--Subject to subsections (b) and (g), the Board 
        shall make public any part of a transcript, any written depiction of 
        visual information obtained from a video recorder, or any still image 
        obtained from a video recorder the Board decides is relevant to the 
        accident--
                    ``(A) if the Board holds a public hearing on the accident, 
                at the time of the hearing; or
                    ``(B) if the Board does not hold a public hearing, at the 
                time a majority of the other factual reports on the accident are 
                placed in the public docket.''.
            (3) Privacy protections.--Section 1114 of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Privacy Protections.--Before making public any still image obtained 
from a video recorder under subsection (c)(2) or subsection (d)(2), the Board 
shall take such action as appropriate to protect from public disclosure any 
information that readily identifies an individual, including a decedent.''.
    (b) Cockpit and Surface Vehicle Recordings and Transcripts.--Section 1154(a) 
of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``Transcripts and Recordings'' and 
        inserting ``In General'';
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
                    ``(A) any still image that the National Transportation 
                Safety Board has not made available to the public under section 
                1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title;'';
            (3) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
                ``recorder recording'' and inserting ``recorder recording, 
                including with regard to a video recording any still image that 
                the National Transportation Safety Board has not made available 
                to the public under section 1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title,''; 
                and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``recorder recording'' 
                and inserting ``recorder recording, including with regard to a 
                video recording any still image that the National Transportation 
                Safety Board has not made available to the public under section 
                1114(c) or 1114(d) of this title,'';
            (4) in paragraph (4)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a 
                        part of a cockpit''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the 
                        recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the 
                        still image, the part of the transcript, or the 
                        recording'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by inserting ``a still image or'' before ``a 
                        part of a cockpit''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the part of the transcript or the 
                        recording'' each place it appears and inserting ``the 
                        still image, the part of the transcript, or the 
                        recording''; and
            (5) in paragraph (6)--
                    (A) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); 
                and
                    (B) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
            ``(B) Still image.--The term `still image' means any still image 
        obtained from a video recorder.''.

SEC. 1105. ELECTRONIC RECORDS.

    Section 1134(a)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
``including an electronic record,'' after ``record,''.

SEC. 1106. REPORT ON MOST WANTED LIST METHODOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than the date on which the first Most Wanted List 
to be published after the date of enactment of this Act is published, the 
Chairman shall publish on a publicly available website of the Board and submit 
to appropriate committees of Congress a report on the methodology used to 
prioritize and select recommendations to be included by the Board in the Most 
Wanted List.
    (b) Elements.--The report under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a detailed description of how the Board accounts for the risk to 
        safety addressed in each of its recommendations, including the extent to 
        which the Board considers--
                    (A) the types of data and other information, including 
                studies and reports, used to identify the amount and probability 
                of risk to safety;
                    (B) the reduction of the risk to safety, estimated over a 
                period of time, by implementing each recommendation;
                    (C) the practicality and feasibility of achieving the 
                reduction of the risk to safety described in subparagraph (B); 
                and
                    (D) any alternate means of reducing the risk;
            (2) a detailed description of the extent to which the Board 
        considers any prior, related investigation, safety recommendation, or 
        other safety action when prioritizing and selecting recommendations; and
            (3) a description of the extent of coordination and consultation 
        when prioritizing and selecting the recommendations.
    (c) GAO Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date that the 
methodology report is published under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report examining the methodology used by the Board to prioritize and select 
safety recommendations for inclusion in the Most Wanted List.

SEC. 1107. METHODOLOGY.

    (a) Redesignation.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Annual Report.--The National Transportation Safety Board shall submit 
a report to Congress on July 1 of each year. The report shall include--
            ``(1) a statistical and analytical summary of the transportation 
        accident investigations conducted and reviewed by the Board during the 
        prior calendar year;
            ``(2) a survey and summary of the recommendations made by the Board 
        to reduce the likelihood of recurrence of those accidents together with 
        the observed response to each recommendation;
            ``(3) a detailed appraisal of the accident investigation and 
        accident prevention activities of other departments, agencies, and 
        instrumentalities of the United States Government and State and local 
        governmental authorities having responsibility for those activities 
        under a law of the United States or a State;
            ``(4) a description of the activities and operations of the National 
        Transportation Safety Board Training Center during the prior calendar 
        year;
            ``(5) a list of accidents, during the prior calendar year, that the 
        Board was required to investigate under section 1131 but did not 
        investigate and an explanation of why they were not investigated; and
            ``(6) a list of ongoing investigations that have exceeded the 
        expected time allotted for completion by Board order and an explanation 
        for the additional time required to complete each such investigation.''.
    (b) Methodology.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1117 of title 49, United States Code, is 
        amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 1117. Methodology
    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the 
National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act, the Chairman shall 
include with each investigative report in which a recommendation is issued by 
the Board a methodology section detailing the process and information underlying 
the selection of each recommendation.
    ``(b) Elements.--Except as provided in subsection (c), the methodology 
section under subsection (a) shall include, for each recommendation--
            ``(1) a brief summary of the Board's collection and analysis of the 
        specific accident investigation information most relevant to the 
        recommendation;
            ``(2) a description of the Board's use of external information, 
        including studies, reports, and experts, other than the findings of a 
        specific accident investigation, if any were used to inform or support 
        the recommendation, including a brief summary of the specific safety 
        benefits and other effects identified by each study, report, or expert; 
        and
            ``(3) a brief summary of any examples of actions taken by regulated 
        entities before the publication of the safety recommendation, to the 
        extent such actions are known to the Board, that were consistent with 
        the recommendation.
    ``(c) Acceptable Limitation.--If the Board knows of more than 3 examples 
taken by regulated entities before the publication of the safety recommendation 
that were consistent with the recommendation, the brief summary under subsection 
(b)(3) may be limited to only 3 of those examples.
    ``(d) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply if the recommendation is 
only for a person to disseminate information on--
            ``(1) an existing agency best practices document; or
            ``(2) an existing regulatory requirement.
    ``(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
require any change to a recommendation made by the Board before the date of 
enactment of the National Transportation Safety Board Reauthorization Act, 
unless the recommendation is a repeat recommendation issued on or after the date 
of enactment of such Act.
    ``(f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section may be construed--
            ``(1) to delay publication of the findings, cause, or probable cause 
        of a Board investigation;
            ``(2) to delay the issuance of an urgent recommendation that the 
        Board has determined must be issued to avoid immediate loss, death, or 
        injury; or
            ``(3) to limit the number of examples the Board may consider before 
        issuing a recommendation.''.
            (2) Clerical amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49, 
        United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
        section 1116 the following:

``117. Methodology.''.

SEC. 1108. MULTIMODAL ACCIDENT DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Board shall establish and maintain a multimodal accident database 
management system for Board investigators.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the system shall be to support the Board in 
improving--
            (1) the quality of accident data the Board makes available to the 
        public; and
            (2) the selection of accidents for investigation and allocation of 
        limited resources.
    (c) Requirements.--The system shall--
            (1) maintain a historical record of accidents that are investigated 
        by the Board; and
            (2) be capable of the secure storage, retrieval, and management of 
        information associated with the investigations of such accidents.

SEC. 1109. ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FAMILIES OF INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN 
              ACCIDENTS.

    (a) Air Carriers Holding Certificates of Public Convenience and Necessity.--
Section 41113 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``a major'' and inserting 
        ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (9), by striking ``(and any other victim of 
                the accident)'' and inserting ``(and any other victim of the 
                accident, including any victim on the ground)'';
                    (B) in paragraph (16), by striking ``major'' and inserting 
                ``any''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and 
                inserting ``any''.
    (b) Foreign Air Carriers Providing Foreign Air Transportation.--Section 
41313 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``a major'' and inserting 
        ``any''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``a significant'' and 
                inserting ``any'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``a significant'' and 
                inserting ``any'';
                    (C) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows:
            ``(9) Equal treatment of passengers.--An assurance that the 
        treatment of the families of nonrevenue passengers (and any other victim 
        of the accident, including any victim on the ground) will be the same as 
        the treatment of the families of revenue passengers.'';
                    (D) in paragraph (16)--
                            (i) by striking ``major'' and inserting ``any''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the foreign air carrier will 
                        consult'' and inserting ``will consult''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (17)(A), by striking ``significant'' and 
                inserting ``any''.
    (c) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Aircraft Accidents.--
Section 1136 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``aircraft accident within the 
        United States involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier and 
        resulting in a major loss of life'' and inserting ``aircraft accident 
        involving an air carrier or foreign air carrier, resulting in any loss 
        of life, and for which the National Transportation Safety Board will 
        serve as the lead investigative agency''; and
            (2) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Aircraft accident.--The term `aircraft accident' means any 
        aviation disaster, regardless of its cause or suspected cause, for which 
        the National Transportation Safety Board is the lead investigative 
        agency.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
                        inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at 
                        the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) any other person injured or killed in the aircraft 
                accident, as determined appropriate by the Board.''.
    (d) Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Rail Passenger 
Accidents.--Section 1139 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``resulting in a major loss of 
        life'' and inserting ``resulting in any loss of life, and for which the 
        National Transportation Safety Board will serve as the lead 
        investigative agency''; and
            (2) by amending subsection (h)(1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) Rail passenger accident.--The term `rail passenger accident' 
        means any rail passenger disaster that--
                    ``(A) results in any loss of life;
                    ``(B) the National Transportation Safety Board will serve as 
                the lead investigative agency for; and
                    ``(C) occurs in the provision of--
                            ``(i) interstate intercity rail passenger 
                        transportation (as such term is defined in section 
                        24102); or
                            ``(ii) high-speed rail (as such term is defined in 
                        section 26105) transportation, regardless of its cause 
                        or suspected cause.''.
    (e) Information for Families of Individuals Involved in Accidents.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter III of chapter 11 of subtitle II of 
        title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
        following:
``Sec. 1140. Information for families of individuals involved in accidents
    ``In the course of an investigation of an accident described in section 
1131(a)(1), except an aircraft accident described in section 1136 or a rail 
passenger accident described in section 1139, the Board may, to the maximum 
extent practicable, ensure that the families of individuals involved in the 
accident, and other individuals the Board deems appropriate--
            ``(1) are informed as to the roles, with respect to the accident and 
        the post-accident activities, of the Board;
            ``(2) are briefed, before any public briefing, about the accident, 
        its causes, and any other findings from the investigation; and
            ``(3) are individually informed of and allowed to attend any public 
        hearings and meetings of the Board about the accident.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 11 of 
        subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
        after the item relating to section 1139 the following:

``1140. Information for families of individuals involved in 
                            accidents.''.

SEC. 1110. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE REPORT ON INVESTIGATION LAUNCH 
              DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES.

    Section 1138 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs 
                (6) and (7), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) the process and procedures to select an accident to 
        investigate;''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by inserting a comma after ``Science''.

SEC. 1111. PERIODIC REVIEW OF SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Reports.--Section 1116 of title 49, United States Code, as amended by 
this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``and studies'' and inserting ``, 
        studies, and retrospective reviews''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Retrospective Reviews.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), not later than June 1, 
        2019, and at least every 5 years thereafter, the Chairman shall complete 
        a retrospective review of recommendations issued by the Board that are 
        classified as open by the Board.
            ``(2) Contents.--A review under paragraph (1) shall include--
                    ``(A) a determination of whether the recommendation should 
                be updated, closed, or reissued in light of--
                            ``(i) changed circumstances;
                            ``(ii) more recently issued recommendations;
                            ``(iii) the availability of new technologies; or
                            ``(iv) new information making the recommendation 
                        ineffective or insufficient for achieving its objective; 
                        and
                    ``(B) a justification for each determination under 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date a review under 
        paragraph (1) is complete, the Chairman shall submit to the Committee on 
        Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
        report that includes--
                    ``(A) the findings of the review under paragraph (1);
                    ``(B) each determination under paragraph (2)(A) and 
                justification under paragraph (2)(B); and
                    ``(C) if applicable, a schedule for updating, closing, or 
                reissuing a recommendation.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 11 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 1116 and 
inserting the following:

``1116. Reports, studies, and retrospective reviews.''.
    (c) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section or the amendments made by this 
section may be construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority of the Board 
to update, close, or reissue a recommendation.

SEC. 1112. GENERAL ORGANIZATION.

    (a) Terms of the Chairman and Vice Chairman.--Section 1111(d) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``2 years'' and inserting ``3 
years''.
    (b) Nonpublic Collaborative Discussions.--Section 1111 of such title is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Open Meetings.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Board shall be deemed to be an agency for 
        purposes of section 552b of title 5.
            ``(2) Nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552b of title 5, 
                a majority of the members may hold a meeting that is not open to 
                public observation to discuss official agency business if--
                            ``(i) no formal or informal vote or other official 
                        agency action is taken at the meeting;
                            ``(ii) each individual present at the meeting is a 
                        member or an employee of the Board;
                            ``(iii) at least 1 member of the Board from each 
                        political party is present at the meeting, if 
                        applicable; and
                            ``(iv) the General Counsel of the Board is present 
                        at the meeting.
                    ``(B) Disclosure of nonpublic collaborative discussions.--
                Except as provided under subparagraphs (C) and (D), not later 
                than 2 business days after the conclusion of a meeting under 
                subparagraph (A), the Board shall make available to the public, 
                in a place easily accessible to the public--
                            ``(i) a list of the individuals present at the 
                        meeting; and
                            ``(ii) a summary of the matters, including key 
                        issues, discussed at the meeting, except for any matter 
                        the Board properly determines may be withheld from the 
                        public under section 552b(c) of title 5.
                    ``(C) Summary.--If the Board properly determines a matter 
                may be withheld from the public under section 552b(c) of title 
                5, the Board shall provide a summary with as much general 
                information as possible on each matter withheld from the public.
                    ``(D) Active investigations.--If a discussion under 
                subparagraph (A) directly relates to an active investigation, 
                the Board shall make the disclosure under subparagraph (B) on 
                the date the Board adopts the final report.
                    ``(E) Preservation of open meetings requirements for agency 
                action.--Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit the 
                applicability of section 552b of title 5 with respect to a 
                meeting of the members other than that described in this 
                paragraph.
                    ``(F) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this paragraph may 
                be construed--
                            ``(i) to limit the applicability of section 552b of 
                        title 5 with respect to any information which is 
                        proposed to be withheld from the public under 
                        subparagraph (B)(ii); or
                            ``(ii) to authorize the Board to withhold from any 
                        individual any record that is accessible to that 
                        individual under section 552a of title 5.''.
    (c) Authority To Acquire Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Investigation 
Purposes.--Section 1113(b)(1) of such title is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) notwithstanding section 1343 of title 31, acquire 1 or 
                more small unmanned aircraft (as defined in section 44801) for 
                use in investigations under this chapter.''.
    (d) Investigative Officers.--Section 1113 of such title is amended by 
striking subsection (h).
    (e) Technical Amendment.--Section 1113(a)(1) of such title is amended by 
striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''.

SEC. 1113. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter III of chapter 
11 of subtitle II of title 49, United States Code, is amended in the item 
relating to section 1138 by striking ``Board'' and inserting ``Board.''.
    (b) General Authority.--Section 1131(a)(1)(A) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended by striking ``a public aircraft as defined by section 
40102(a)(37) of this title'' and inserting ``a public aircraft as defined by 
section 40102(a) of this title''.

                      DIVISION D--DISASTER RECOVERY REFORM

SEC. 1201. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018''.

SEC. 1202. APPLICABILITY.

    (a) Applicability for Stafford Act.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, 
the amendments in this division to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) apply to each major disaster 
and emergency declared by the President on or after August 1, 2017, under the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
    (b) Division Applicability.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, the 
authorities provided under this division apply to each major disaster and 
emergency declared by the President under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act on or after January 1, 2016.

SEC. 1203. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
            (2) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' has the meaning given that term in 
        section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122).

SEC. 1204. WILDFIRE PREVENTION.

    (a) Mitigation Assistance.--Section 420 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5187) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
    ``(d) Hazard Mitigation Assistance.--Whether or not a major disaster is 
declared, the President may provide hazard mitigation assistance in accordance 
with section 404 in any area affected by a fire for which assistance was 
provided under this section.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 404(a) (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) (as amended by this 
        division)--
                    (A) by inserting before the first period ``, or any area 
                affected by a fire for which assistance was provided under 
                section 420''; and
                    (B) in the third sentence by inserting ``or event under 
                section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place it appears; 
                and
            (2) in section 322(e)(1) (42 U.S.C. 5165(e)(1)), by inserting ``or 
        event under section 420'' after ``major disaster'' each place it 
        appears.
    (c) Reporting Requirement.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to 
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, 
and the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of 
Representatives a report containing a summary of any projects carried out, and 
any funding provided to those projects, under subsection (d) of section 420 of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5187) (as amended by this section).

SEC. 1205. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES.

    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Use of Assistance.--Recipients of hazard mitigation assistance 
provided under this section and section 203 may use the assistance to conduct 
activities to help reduce the risk of future damage, hardship, loss, or 
suffering in any area affected by a wildfire or windstorm, such as--
            ``(1) reseeding ground cover with quick-growing or native species;
            ``(2) mulching with straw or chipped wood;
            ``(3) constructing straw, rock, or log dams in small tributaries to 
        prevent flooding;
            ``(4) placing logs and other erosion barriers to catch sediment on 
        hill slopes;
            ``(5) installing debris traps to modify road and trail drainage 
        mechanisms;
            ``(6) modifying or removing culverts to allow drainage to flow 
        freely;
            ``(7) adding drainage dips and constructing emergency spillways to 
        keep roads and bridges from washing out during floods;
            ``(8) planting grass to prevent the spread of noxious weeds;
            ``(9) installing warning signs;
            ``(10) establishing defensible space measures;
            ``(11) reducing hazardous fuels;
            ``(12) mitigating windstorm damage, including replacing or 
        installing electrical transmission or distribution utility pole 
        structures with poles that are resilient to extreme wind and combined 
        ice and wind loadings for the basic wind speeds and ice conditions 
        associated with the relevant location;
            ``(13) removing standing burned trees; and
            ``(14) replacing water systems that have been burned and have caused 
        contamination.''.

SEC. 1206. ELIGIBILITY FOR CODE IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 402 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170a) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
            ``(5) provide assistance to State and local governments for building 
        code and floodplain management ordinance administration and enforcement, 
        including inspections for substantial damage compliance; and''.
    (b) Repair, Restoration, and Replacement of Damaged Facilities.--Section 
406(a)(2) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 5172(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(D) base and overtime wages for extra hires to facilitate 
                the implementation and enforcement of adopted building codes for 
                a period of not more than 180 days after the major disaster is 
                declared.''.

SEC. 1207. PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Hazard Mitigation.--Section 406(c) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``90 percent of''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``75 percent of''.
    (b) Flood Insurance.--Section 406(d)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(d)(1)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: ``This section shall not apply to more than one 
building of a multi-structure educational, law enforcement, correctional, fire, 
or medical campus, for any major disaster or emergency declared by the President 
under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after January 
1, 2016, through December 31, 2018.''.
    (c) Participation.--Section 428(d) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Participation in'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Participation in''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) No conditions.--The President may not condition the provision 
        of Federal assistance under this Act on the election by a State, local, 
        or Indian tribal government, or owner or operator of a private nonprofit 
        facility to participate in the alternative procedures adopted under this 
        section.''.
    (d) Certification.--Section 428(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189f(e)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) once certified by a professionally licensed engineer 
                and accepted by the Administrator, the estimates on which grants 
                made pursuant to this section are based shall be presumed to be 
                reasonable and eligible costs, as long as there is no evidence 
                of fraud.''.

SEC. 1208. PRIORITIZATION OF FACILITIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall provide guidance and training on an annual basis to State, 
local, and Indian tribal governments, first responders, and utility companies 
on--
            (1) the need to prioritize assistance to hospitals, nursing homes, 
        and other long-term care facilities to ensure that such health care 
        facilities remain functioning or return to functioning as soon as 
        practicable during power outages caused by natural hazards, including 
        severe weather events;
            (2) how hospitals, nursing homes and other long-term care facilities 
        should adequately prepare for power outages during a major disaster or 
        emergency, as those terms are defined in section 102 of the Robert T. 
        Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122); 
        and
            (3) how State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first 
        responders, utility companies, hospitals, nursing homes, and other long-
        term care facilities should develop a strategy to coordinate emergency 
        response plans, including the activation of emergency response plans, in 
        anticipation of a major disaster, including severe weather events.

SEC. 1209. GUIDANCE ON EVACUATION ROUTES.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Identification.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
        Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall develop and 
        issue guidance for State, local, and Indian tribal governments regarding 
        the identification of evacuation routes.
            (2) Guidance.--The Administrator of the Federal Highway 
        Administration, in coordination with the Administrator, shall revise 
        existing guidance or issue new guidance as appropriate for State, local, 
        and Indian tribal governments regarding the design, construction, 
        maintenance, and repair of evacuation routes.
    (b) Considerations.--
            (1) Identification.--In developing the guidance under subsection 
        (a)(1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) whether evacuation routes have resisted impacts and 
                recovered quickly from disasters, regardless of cause;
                    (B) the need to evacuate special needs populations, 
                including--
                            (i) individuals with a physical or mental 
                        disability;
                            (ii) individuals in schools, daycare centers, mobile 
                        home parks, prisons, nursing homes and other long-term 
                        care facilities, and detention centers;
                            (iii) individuals with limited-English proficiency;
                            (iv) the elderly; and
                            (v) individuals who are tourists, seasonal workers, 
                        or homeless;
                    (C) the sharing of information and other public 
                communications with evacuees during evacuations;
                    (D) the sheltering of evacuees, including the care, 
                protection, and sheltering of animals;
                    (E) the return of evacuees to their homes; and
                    (F) such other items the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
            (2) Design, construction, maintenance, and repair.--In revising or 
        issuing guidance under subsection (a)(2), the Administrator of the 
        Federal Highway Administration shall consider--
                    (A) methods that assist evacuation routes to--
                            (i) withstand likely risks to viability, including 
                        flammability and hydrostatic forces;
                            (ii) improve durability, strength (including the 
                        ability to withstand tensile stresses and compressive 
                        stresses), and sustainability; and
                            (iii) provide for long-term cost savings;
                    (B) the ability of evacuation routes to effectively manage 
                contraflow operations;
                    (C) for evacuation routes on public lands, the viewpoints of 
                the applicable Federal land management agency regarding 
                emergency operations, sustainability, and resource protection; 
                and
                    (D) such other items the Administrator of the Federal 
                Highway Administration considers appropriate.
    (c) Study.--The Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator of the 
Federal Highway Administration and State, local, territorial, and Indian tribal 
governments, may--
            (1) conduct a study of the adequacy of available evacuation routes 
        to accommodate the flow of evacuees; and
            (2) submit recommendations on how to help with anticipated 
        evacuation route flow, based on the study conducted under paragraph (1), 
        to--
                    (A) the Federal Highway Administration;
                    (B) the Agency;
                    (C) State, local, territorial, and Indian tribal 
                governments; and
                    (D) Congress.

SEC. 1210. DUPLICATION OF BENEFITS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Authority.--Section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Waiver of general prohibition.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The President may waive the general 
                prohibition provided in subsection (a) upon request of a 
                Governor on behalf of the State or on behalf of a person, 
                business concern, or any other entity suffering losses as a 
                result of a major disaster or emergency, if the President finds 
                such waiver is in the public interest and will not result in 
                waste, fraud, or abuse. In making this decision, the President 
                may consider the following:
                            ``(i) The recommendations of the Administrator of 
                        the Federal Emergency Management Agency made in 
                        consultation with the Federal agency or agencies 
                        administering the duplicative program.
                            ``(ii) If a waiver is granted, the assistance to be 
                        funded is cost effective.
                            ``(iii) Equity and good conscience.
                            ``(iv) Other matters of public policy considered 
                        appropriate by the President.
                    ``(B) Grant or denial of waiver.--A request under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be granted or denied not later than 45 
                days after submission of such request.
                    ``(C) Prohibition on determination that loan is a 
                duplication.--Notwithstanding subsection (c), in carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the President may not determine that a loan is 
                a duplication of assistance, provided that all Federal 
                assistance is used toward a loss suffered as a result of the 
                major disaster or emergency.''.
            (2) Limitation.--This subsection, including the amendment made by 
        paragraph (1), shall not be construed to apply to section 406 or 408 of 
        the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5172, 5174).
            (3) Applicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall apply 
        to any major disaster or emergency declared by the President under 
        section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) between 
        January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021.
            (4) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, section 312(b) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
        and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155(b)) is amended by striking 
        paragraph (4), as added by subsection (a)(1) of this section.
            (5) Report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with 
                other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the 
                congressional committees of jurisdiction a report conducted by 
                all relevant Federal agencies to improve the comprehensive 
                delivery of disaster assistance to individuals following a major 
                disaster or emergency declaration under the Robert T. Stafford 
                Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act.
                    (B) Contents.--The report required under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include both administrative actions taken, or planned to 
                be taken, by the agencies as well as legislative proposals, 
                where appropriate, of the following:
                            (i) Efforts to improve coordination between the 
                        Agency and other relevant Federal agencies when 
                        delivering disaster assistance to individuals.
                            (ii) Clarify the sequence of delivery of disaster 
                        assistance to individuals from the Agency, and other 
                        relevant Federal agencies.
                            (iii) Clarify the interpretation and implementation 
                        of section 312 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
                        and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5155) when 
                        providing disaster assistance to individuals, including 
                        providing a common interpretation across the Agency, and 
                        other relevant Federal agencies, of the definitions and 
                        requirements under such section 312.
                            (iv) Increase the effectiveness of communication to 
                        applicants for assistance programs for individuals after 
                        a disaster declaration, including the breadth of 
                        programs available and the potential impacts of 
                        utilizing one program versus another.
                    (C) Report update.--Not later than 4 years after the date of 
                enactment of this subsection, the Administrator, in coordination 
                with other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the 
                congressional committees of jurisdiction an update to the report 
                required under subparagraph (A).
    (b) Funding of a Federally Authorized Water Resources Development Project.--
            (1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 312 of the Robert 
        T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
        5155) and its implementing regulations, assistance provided pursuant to 
        section 404 of such Act may be used to fund activities authorized for 
        construction within the scope of a federally authorized water resources 
        development project of the Army Corps of Engineers if such activities 
        are also eligible activities under such section.
            (2) Federal funding.--All Federal funding provided under section 404 
        pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the Federal share of 
        such project.
            (3) Non-federal match.--All non-Federal matching funds required 
        under section 404 pursuant to this section shall be applied toward the 
        non-Federal share of such project.
            (4) Total federal share.--Funding provided under section 404 
        pursuant to this section may not exceed the total Federal share for such 
        project.
            (5) No effect.--Nothing in this section shall--
                    (A) affect the cost-share requirement of a hazard mitigation 
                measure under section 404;
                    (B) affect the eligibility criteria for a hazard mitigation 
                measure under section 404;
                    (C) affect the cost share requirements of a federally 
                authorized water resources development project; and
                    (D) affect the responsibilities of a non-Federal interest 
                with respect to the project, including those related to the 
                provision of lands, easements, rights-of-way, dredge material 
                disposal areas, and necessary relocations.
            (6) Limitation.--If a federally authorized water resources 
        development project of the Army Corps of Engineers is constructed with 
        funding provided under section 404 pursuant to this subsection, no 
        further Federal funding shall be provided for construction of such 
        project

SEC. 1211. STATE ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE FOR DIRECT TEMPORARY HOUSING AND 
              PERMANENT HOUSING CONSTRUCTION.

    (a) State Role.--Section 408(f) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief 
and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(f)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking the paragraph heading and inserting ``State- 
                or indian tribal government-administered assistance and other 
                needs assistance.--'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting 
                        ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e) if the 
                        President and the State or Indian tribal government 
                        comply, as determined by the Administrator, with 
                        paragraph (3)''; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``financial''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``subsection (e)'' and inserting 
                        ``subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Requirements.--
                    ``(A) Application.--A State or Indian tribal government 
                desiring to provide assistance under subsection (c)(1)(B), 
                (c)(4), or (e) shall submit to the President an application for 
                a grant to provide financial assistance under the program.
                    ``(B) Criteria.--The President, in consultation and 
                coordination with State and Indian tribal governments, shall 
                establish criteria for the approval of applications submitted 
                under subparagraph (A). The criteria shall include, at a 
                minimum--
                            ``(i) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal 
                        government submit a housing strategy under subparagraph 
                        (C);
                            ``(ii) the demonstrated ability of the State or 
                        Indian tribal government to manage the program under 
                        this section;
                            ``(iii) there being in effect a plan approved by the 
                        President as to how the State or Indian tribal 
                        government will comply with applicable Federal laws and 
                        regulations and how the State or Indian tribal 
                        government will provide assistance under its plan;
                            ``(iv) a requirement that the State or Indian tribal 
                        government comply with rules and regulations established 
                        pursuant to subsection (j); and
                            ``(v) a requirement that the President, or the 
                        designee of the President, comply with subsection (i).
                    ``(C) Requirement of housing strategy.--
                            ``(i) In general.--A State or Indian tribal 
                        government submitting an application under this 
                        paragraph shall have an approved housing strategy, which 
                        shall be developed and submitted to the President for 
                        approval.
                            ``(ii) Requirements.--The housing strategy required 
                        under clause (i) shall--
                                    ``(I) outline the approach of the State in 
                                working with Federal partners, Indian tribal 
                                governments, local communities, nongovernmental 
                                organizations, and individual disaster survivors 
                                to meet disaster-related sheltering and housing 
                                needs; and
                                    ``(II) include the establishment of an 
                                activation plan for a State Disaster Housing 
                                Task Force, as outlined in the National Disaster 
                                Housing Strategy, to bring together State, 
                                tribal, local, Federal, nongovernmental, and 
                                private sector expertise to evaluate housing 
                                requirements, consider potential solutions, 
                                recognize special needs populations, and propose 
                                recommendations.
                    ``(D) Quality assurance.--Before approving an application 
                submitted under this section, the President, or the designee of 
                the President, shall institute adequate policies, procedures, 
                and internal controls to prevent waste, fraud, abuse, and 
                program mismanagement for this program and for programs under 
                subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). The President shall 
                monitor and conduct quality assurance activities on a State or 
                Indian tribal government's implementation of programs under 
                subsections (c)(1)(B), (c)(4), and (e). If, after approving an 
                application of a State or Indian tribal government submitted 
                under this paragraph, the President determines that the State or 
                Indian tribal government is not administering the program 
                established by this section in a manner satisfactory to the 
                President, the President shall withdraw the approval.
                    ``(E) Audits.--The Inspector General of the Department of 
                Homeland Security shall provide for periodic audits of the 
                programs administered by States and Indian tribal governments 
                under this subsection.
                    ``(F) Applicable laws.--All Federal laws applicable to the 
                management, administration, or contracting of the programs by 
                the Federal Emergency Management Agency under this section shall 
                be applicable to the management, administration, or contracting 
                by a non-Federal entity under this section.
                    ``(G) Report on effectiveness.--Not later than 18 months 
                after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Inspector 
                General of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a 
                report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
                Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the State or 
                Indian tribal government's role to provide assistance under this 
                section. The report shall contain an assessment of the 
                effectiveness of the State or Indian tribal government's role in 
                providing assistance under this section, including--
                            ``(i) whether the State or Indian tribal 
                        government's role helped to improve the general speed of 
                        disaster recovery;
                            ``(ii) whether the State or Indian tribal government 
                        providing assistance under this section had the capacity 
                        to administer this section; and
                            ``(iii) recommendations for changes to improve the 
                        program if the State or Indian tribal government's role 
                        to administer the programs should be continued.
                    ``(H) Report on incentives.--Not later than 12 months after 
                the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator of 
                the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall submit a report to 
                the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of 
                the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
                Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on a potential 
                incentive structure for awards made under this section to 
                encourage participation by eligible States and Indian tribal 
                governments. In developing this report, the Administrator of the 
                Federal Emergency Management Agency shall consult with State, 
                local, and Indian tribal entities to gain their input on any 
                such incentive structure to encourage participation and shall 
                include this information in the report. This report should 
                address, among other options, potential adjustments to the cost-
                share requirement and management costs to State and Indian 
                tribal governments.
                    ``(I) Prohibition.--The President may not condition the 
                provision of Federal assistance under this Act on a State or 
                Indian tribal government requesting a grant under this section.
                    ``(J) Miscellaneous.--
                            ``(i) Notice and comment.--The Administrator of the 
                        Federal Emergency Management Agency may waive notice and 
                        comment rulemaking with respect to rules to carry out 
                        this section, if the Administrator determines doing so 
                        is necessary to expeditiously implement this section, 
                        and may carry out this section as a pilot program until 
                        such regulations are promulgated.
                            ``(ii) Final rule.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                        date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator 
                        of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall issue 
                        final regulations to implement this subsection as 
                        amended by the Disaster Recovery Reform Act of 2018.
                            ``(iii) Waiver and expiration.--The authority under 
                        clause (i) and any pilot program implemented pursuant to 
                        such clause shall expire 2 years after the date of 
                        enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final 
                        regulations pursuant to clause (ii), whichever occurs 
                        sooner.''.
    (b) Reimbursement.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) shall 
reimburse State and local units of government (for requests received within a 
period of 3 years after the declaration of a major disaster under section 401 of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5170)) upon determination that a locally implemented housing solution, 
implemented by State or local units of government--
            (1) costs 50 percent of comparable FEMA solution or whatever the 
        locally implemented solution costs, whichever is lower;
            (2) complies with local housing regulations and ordinances; and
            (3) the housing solution was implemented within 90 days of the 
        disaster.

SEC. 1212. ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS.

    Section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, excluding financial 
        assistance to rent alternate housing accommodations under subsection 
        (c)(1)(A)(i) and financial assistance to address other needs under 
        subsection (e)'' after ``disaster'';
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Other needs assistance.--The maximum financial assistance any 
        individual or household may receive under subsection (e) shall be 
        equivalent to the amount set forth in paragraph (1) with respect to a 
        single major disaster.'';
            (4) in paragraph (3) (as so redesignated), by striking ``paragraph 
        (1)'' and inserting ``paragraphs (1) and (2)''; and
            (5) by inserting after paragraph (3) (as so redesignated) the 
        following:
            ``(4) Exclusion of necessary expenses for individuals with 
        disabilities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The maximum amount of assistance 
                established under paragraph (1) shall exclude expenses to repair 
                or replace damaged accessibility-related improvements under 
                paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (c) for individuals 
                with disabilities.
                    ``(B) Other needs assistance.--The maximum amount of 
                assistance established under paragraph (2) shall exclude 
                expenses to repair or replace accessibility-related personal 
                property under subsection (e)(2) for individuals with 
                disabilities.''.

SEC. 1213. MULTIFAMILY LEASE AND REPAIR ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Lease and Repair of Rental Units for Temporary Housing.--Section 
408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(II)) is amended to read as follows:
                                    ``(II) Improvements or repairs.--Under the 
                                terms of any lease agreement for property 
                                entered into under this subsection, the value of 
                                the improvements or repairs shall be deducted 
                                from the value of the lease agreement.''.
    (b) Rental Properties Impacted.--Section 408(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa) of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5174(c)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(aa)) is amended to read as follows:
                                            ``(aa) enter into lease agreements 
                                        with owners of multifamily rental 
                                        property impacted by a major disaster or 
                                        located in areas covered by a major 
                                        disaster declaration to house 
                                        individuals and households eligible for 
                                        assistance under this section; and''.
    (c) Inspector General Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the inspector general of the Department of Homeland 
Security shall--
            (1) assess the use of the authority provided under section 
        408(c)(1)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(c)(1)(B)), as amended by this division, 
        including the adequacy of any benefit-cost analysis done to justify the 
        use of this alternative; and
            (2) submit a report on the results of the assessment conducted under 
        paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of Congress.

SEC. 1214. PRIVATE NONPROFIT FACILITY.

    Section 102(11)(B) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(B)) is amended by inserting ``food banks,'' 
after ``shelter workshops,''.

SEC. 1215. MANAGEMENT COSTS.

    Section 324 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5165b) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a) by striking ``any administrative expense, and 
        any other expense not directly chargeable to'' and inserting ``any 
        direct administrative cost, and any other administrative expense 
        associated with''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), as added by subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``establish'' and inserting ``implement''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Specific management costs.--The Administrator of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency shall provide the following percentage 
        rates, in addition to the eligible project costs, to cover direct and 
        indirect costs of administering the following programs:
                    ``(A) Hazard mitigation.--A grantee under section 404 may be 
                reimbursed not more than 15 percent of the total amount of the 
                grant award under such section of which not more than 10 percent 
                may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the subgrantee for 
                such costs.
                    ``(B) Public assistance.--A grantee under sections 403, 406, 
                407, and 502 may be reimbursed not more than 12 percent of the 
                total award amount under such sections, of which not more than 7 
                percent may be used by the grantee and 5 percent by the 
                subgrantee for such costs.''.

SEC. 1216. FLEXIBILITY.

    (a) Waiver Authority.--
            (1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term ``covered assistance'' 
        means assistance provided--
                    (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
                Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
                    (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared by 
                the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of the 
                Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after October 28, 2012.
            (2) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, United 
        States Code, the Administrator--
                    (A) subject to subparagraph (B), may waive a debt owed to 
                the United States related to covered assistance provided to an 
                individual or household if--
                            (i) the covered assistance was distributed based on 
                        an error by the Agency;
                            (ii) there was no fault on behalf of the debtor; and
                            (iii) the collection of the debt would be against 
                        equity and good conscience; and
                    (B) may not waive a debt under subparagraph (A) if the debt 
                involves fraud, the presentation of a false claim, or 
                misrepresentation by the debtor or any party having an interest 
                in the claim.
            (3) Monitoring of covered assistance distributed based on error.--
                    (A) In general.--The Inspector General of the Department of 
                Homeland Security shall monitor the distribution of covered 
                assistance to individuals and households to determine the 
                percentage of such assistance distributed based on an error.
                    (B) Removal of waiver authority based on excessive error 
                rate.--If the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland 
                Security determines, with respect to any 12-month period, that 
                the amount of covered assistance distributed based on an error 
                by the Agency exceeds 4 percent of the total amount of covered 
                assistance distributed--
                            (i) the Inspector General shall notify the 
                        Administrator and publish the determination in the 
                        Federal Register; and
                            (ii) with respect to any major disaster or emergency 
                        declared by the President under section 401 or section 
                        501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
                        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 
                        U.S.C. 5191) after the date on which the determination 
                        is published under subparagraph (A), the authority of 
                        the Administrator to waive debt under paragraph (2) 
                        shall no longer be effective.
    (b) Recoupment of Certain Assistance Prohibited.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, United 
        States Code, and unless there is evidence of civil or criminal fraud, 
        the Agency may not take any action to recoup covered assistance from the 
        recipient of such assistance if the receipt of such assistance occurred 
        on a date that is more than 3 years before the date on which the Agency 
        first provides to the recipient written notification of an intent to 
        recoup.
            (2) Covered assistance defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``covered assistance'' means assistance provided--
                    (A) under section 408 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
                Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174); and
                    (B) in relation to a major disaster or emergency declared by 
                the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of such 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191) on or after January 1, 
                2012.
    (c)  Statute of Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
        Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1)--
                            (i) by striking ``Except'' and inserting 
                        ``Notwithstanding section 3716(e) of title 31, United 
                        States Code, and except''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``report for the disaster or 
                        emergency'' and inserting ``report for project 
                        completion as certified by the grantee''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1) by striking ``report for the 
                        disaster or emergency'' and inserting ``report for 
                        project completion as certified by the grantee''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3) by inserting ``for project 
                        completion as certified by the grantee'' after ``final 
                        expenditure report''.
            (2) Applicability.--
                    (A) In general.--With respect to disaster or emergency 
                assistance provided to a State or local government on or after 
                January 1, 2004--
                            (i) no administrative action may be taken to recover 
                        a payment of such assistance after the date of enactment 
                        of this Act if the action is prohibited under section 
                        705(a)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
                        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205(a)(1)), as 
                        amended by paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) any administrative action to recover a payment 
                        of such assistance that is pending on such date of 
                        enactment shall be terminated if the action is 
                        prohibited under section 705(a)(1) of that Act, as 
                        amended by paragraph (1).
                    (B) Limitation.--This section, including the amendments made 
                by this section, may not be construed to invalidate or otherwise 
                affect any administration action completed before the date of 
                enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1217. ADDITIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Disaster Mitigation.--Section 209 of the Public Works and Economic 
Development Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3149) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(e) Disaster Mitigation.--In providing assistance pursuant to subsection 
(c)(2), if appropriate and as applicable, the Secretary may encourage hazard 
mitigation in assistance provided pursuant to such subsection.''.
    (b) Emergency Management Assistance Compact Grants.--Section 661(d) of the 
Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 761(d)) is 
amended by striking ``for fiscal year 2008'' and inserting ``for each of fiscal 
years 2018 through 2022''.
    (c) Emergency Management Performance Grants Program.--Section 662(f) of the 
Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 762(f)) is 
amended by striking ``the program'' and all that follows through ``2012'' and 
inserting ``the program, for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2022''.
    (d) Technical Amendment.--Section 403(a)(3) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b(a)(3)) is amended 
by striking the second subparagraph (J).

SEC. 1218. NATIONAL VETERINARY EMERGENCY TEAMS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency may establish one or more national veterinary emergency teams at 
accredited colleges of veterinary medicine.
    (b) Responsibilities.--A national veterinary emergency team shall--
            (1) deploy with a team of the National Urban Search and Rescue 
        Response System to assist with--
                    (A) veterinary care of canine search teams;
                    (B) locating and treating companion animals, service 
                animals, livestock, and other animals; and
                    (C) surveillance and treatment of zoonotic diseases;
            (2) recruit, train, and certify veterinary professionals, including 
        veterinary students, in accordance with an established set of plans and 
        standard operating guidelines to carry out the duties associated with 
        planning for and responding to major disasters and emergencies as 
        described in paragraph (1);
            (3) assist State governments, Indian tribal governments, local 
        governments, and nonprofit organizations in developing emergency 
        management and evacuation plans that account for the care and rescue of 
        animals and in improving local readiness for providing veterinary 
        medical response during an emergency or major disaster; and
            (4) coordinate with the Department of Homeland Security, the 
        Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Agriculture, 
        State, local, and Indian tribal governments (including departments of 
        animal and human health), veterinary and health care professionals, and 
        volunteers.

SEC. 1219. RIGHT OF ARBITRATION.

    Section 423 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5189a) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Right of Arbitration.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding this section, an applicant for 
        assistance under this title may request arbitration to dispute the 
        eligibility for assistance or repayment of assistance provided for a 
        dispute of more than $500,000 for any disaster that occurred after 
        January 1, 2016. Such arbitration shall be conducted by the Civilian 
        Board of Contract Appeals and the decision of such Board shall be 
        binding.
            ``(2) Review.--The Civilian Board of Contract Appeals shall consider 
        from the applicant all original and additional documentation, testimony, 
        or other such evidence supporting the applicant's position at any time 
        during arbitration.
            ``(3) Rural areas.--For an applicant for assistance in a rural area 
        under this title, the assistance amount eligible for arbitration 
        pursuant to this subsection shall be $100,000.
            ``(4) Rural area defined.--For the purposes of this subsection, the 
        term `rural area' means an area with a population of less than 200,000 
        outside an urbanized area.
            ``(5) Eligibility.--To participate in arbitration under this 
        subsection, an applicant--
                    ``(A) shall submit the dispute to the arbitration process 
                established under the authority granted under section 601 of 
                Public Law 111-5; and
                    ``(B) may submit a request for arbitration after the 
                completion of the first appeal under subsection (a) at any time 
                before the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
                Agency has issued a final agency determination or 180 days after 
                the Administrator's receipt of the appeal if the Administrator 
                has not provided the applicant with a final determination on the 
                appeal. The applicant's request shall contain documentation from 
                the administrative record for the first appeal and may contain 
                additional documentation supporting the applicant's position.''.

SEC. 1220. UNIFIED FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION REVIEW.

    (a) Review and Analysis.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall review the Unified Federal 
Environmental and Historic Preservation review process established pursuant to 
section 429 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5189g), and submit a report to the Committee on Transportation 
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate that includes the following:
            (1) An analysis of whether and how the unified process has expedited 
        the interagency review process to ensure compliance with the 
        environmental and historic requirements under Federal law relating to 
        disaster recovery projects.
            (2) A survey and analysis of categorical exclusions used by other 
        Federal agencies that may be applicable to any activity related to a 
        major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 
        or 501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191).
            (3) Recommendations on any further actions, including any 
        legislative proposals, needed to expedite and streamline the review 
        process.
    (b) Regulations.--After completing the review, survey, and analyses under 
subsection (a), but not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and after providing notice and opportunity for public comment, the 
Administrator shall issue regulations to implement any regulatory 
recommendations, including any categorical exclusions identified under 
subsection (a), to the extent that the categorical exclusions meet the criteria 
for a categorical exclusion under section 1508.4 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations, and section II of DHS Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01.

SEC. 1221. CLOSEOUT INCENTIVES.

    (a) Facilitating Closeout.--Section 705 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5205) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(d) Facilitating Closeout.--
            ``(1) Incentives.--The Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency may develop incentives and penalties that encourage 
        State, local, or Indian tribal governments to close out expenditures and 
        activities on a timely basis related to disaster or emergency 
        assistance.
            ``(2) Agency requirements.--The Federal Emergency Management Agency 
        shall, consistent with applicable regulations and required procedures, 
        meet its responsibilities to improve closeout practices and reduce the 
        time to close disaster program awards.''.
    (b) Regulations.--The Administrator shall issue regulations to implement the 
amendment made by this section.

SEC. 1222. PERFORMANCE OF SERVICES.

    Section 306 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5149) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency is 
authorized to appoint temporary personnel, after serving continuously for 3 
years, to positions in the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the same 
manner that competitive service employees with competitive status are considered 
for transfer, reassignment, or promotion to such positions. An individual 
appointed under this subsection shall become a career-conditional employee, 
unless the employee has already completed the service requirements for career 
tenure.''.

SEC. 1223. STUDY TO STREAMLINE AND CONSOLIDATE INFORMATION COLLECTION.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator--
            (1) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the 
        Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster Assistance 
        Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 
        Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies, conduct a study and develop 
        a plan, consistent with law, under which the collection of information 
        from disaster assistance applicants and grantees will be modified, 
        streamlined, expedited, efficient, flexible, consolidated, and 
        simplified to be less burdensome, duplicative, and time consuming for 
        applicants and grantees;
            (2) in coordination with the Small Business Administration, the 
        Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Disaster Assistance 
        Working Group of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and 
        Efficiency, and other appropriate agencies, develop a plan for the 
        regular collection and reporting of information on Federal disaster 
        assistance awarded, including the establishment and maintenance of a 
        website for presenting the information to the public; and
            (3) submit the plans developed under paragraphs (1) and (2) to the 
        Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate.

SEC. 1224. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.

    Title IV of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5170 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 430. AGENCY ACCOUNTABILITY.

    ``(a) Public Assistance.--Not later than 5 days after an award of a public 
assistance grant is made under section 406 that is in excess of $1,000,000, the 
Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall publish on the 
website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency the specifics of each such 
grant award, including--
            ``(1) identifying the Federal Emergency Management Agency Region;
            ``(2) the disaster or emergency declaration number;
            ``(3) the State, county, and applicant name;
            ``(4) if the applicant is a private nonprofit organization;
            ``(5) the damage category code;
            ``(6) the amount of the Federal share obligated; and
            ``(7) the date of the award.
    ``(b) Mission Assignments.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 5 days after the issuance of a 
        mission assignment or mission assignment task order, the Administrator 
        of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall publish on the website 
        of the Federal Emergency Management Agency any mission assignment or 
        mission assignment task order to another Federal department or agency 
        regarding a major disaster in excess of $1,000,000, including--
                    ``(A) the name of the impacted State or Indian Tribe;
                    ``(B) the disaster declaration for such State or Indian 
                Tribe;
                    ``(C) the assigned agency;
                    ``(D) the assistance requested;
                    ``(E) a description of the disaster;
                    ``(F) the total cost estimate;
                    ``(G) the amount obligated;
                    ``(H) the State or Indian tribal government cost share, if 
                applicable;
                    ``(I) the authority under which the mission assignment or 
                mission assignment task order was directed; and
                    ``(J) if applicable, the date a State or Indian Tribe 
                requested the mission assignment.
            ``(2) Recording changes.--Not later than 10 days after the last day 
        of each month until a mission assignment or mission assignment task 
        order described in paragraph (1) is completed and closed out, the 
        Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall update 
        any changes to the total cost estimate and the amount obligated.
    ``(c) Disaster Relief Monthly Report.--Not later than 10 days after the 
first day of each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
reports, including a specific description of the methodology and the source data 
used in developing such reports, including--
            ``(1) an estimate of the amounts for the fiscal year covered by the 
        President's most recent budget pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31, 
        United States Code, including--
                    ``(A) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over 
                from the prior fiscal year to the budget year;
                    ``(B) the unobligated balance of funds to be carried over 
                from the budget year to the budget year plus 1;
                    ``(C) the amount of obligations for noncatastrophic events 
                for the budget year;
                    ``(D) the amount of obligations for the budget year for 
                catastrophic events delineated by event and by State;
                    ``(E) the total amount that has been previously obligated or 
                will be required for catastrophic events delineated by event and 
                by State for all prior years, the current fiscal year, the 
                budget year, and each fiscal year thereafter;
                    ``(F) the amount of previously obligated funds that will be 
                recovered for the budget year;
                    ``(G) the amount that will be required for obligations for 
                emergencies, as described in section 102(1), major disasters, as 
                described in section 102(2), fire management assistance grants, 
                as described in section 420, surge activities, and disaster 
                readiness and support activities; and
                    ``(H) the amount required for activities not covered under 
                section 251(b)(2)(D)(iii) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
                Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(D)(iii)); and
            ``(2) an estimate or actual amounts, if available, of the following 
        for the current fiscal year, which shall be submitted not later than the 
        fifth day of each month, published by the Administrator of the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency on the website of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency not later than the fifth day of each month:
                    ``(A) A summary of the amount of appropriations made 
                available by source, the transfers executed, the previously 
                allocated funds recovered, and the commitments, allocations, and 
                obligations made.
                    ``(B) A table of disaster relief activity delineated by 
                month, including--
                            ``(i) the beginning and ending balances;
                            ``(ii) the total obligations to include amounts 
                        obligated for fire assistance, emergencies, surge, and 
                        disaster support activities;
                            ``(iii) the obligations for catastrophic events 
                        delineated by event and by State; and
                            ``(iv) the amount of previously obligated funds that 
                        are recovered.
                    ``(C) A summary of allocations, obligations, and 
                expenditures for catastrophic events delineated by event.
                    ``(D) The cost of the following categories of spending:
                            ``(i) Public assistance.
                            ``(ii) Individual assistance.
                            ``(iii) Mitigation.
                            ``(iv) Administrative.
                            ``(v) Operations.
                            ``(vi) Any other relevant category (including 
                        emergency measures and disaster resources) delineated by 
                        disaster.
                    ``(E) The date on which funds appropriated will be 
                exhausted.
    ``(d) Contracts.--
            ``(1) Information.--Not later than 10 days after the first day of 
        each month, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
        shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency 
        the specifics of each contract in excess of $1,000,000 that the Federal 
        Emergency Management Agency enters into, including--
                    ``(A) the name of the party;
                    ``(B) the date the contract was awarded;
                    ``(C) the amount and scope of the contract;
                    ``(D) if the contract was awarded through a competitive 
                bidding process;
                    ``(E) if no competitive bidding process was used, the reason 
                why competitive bidding was not used; and
                    ``(F) the authority used to bypass the competitive bidding 
                process.
        The information shall be delineated by disaster, if applicable, and 
        specify the damage category code, if applicable.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than 10 days after the last day of the 
        fiscal year, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency shall provide a report to the appropriate committees of Congress 
        summarizing the following information for the preceding fiscal year:
                    ``(A) The number of contracts awarded without competitive 
                bidding.
                    ``(B) The reasons why a competitive bidding process was not 
                used.
                    ``(C) The total amount of contracts awarded with no 
                competitive bidding.
                    ``(D) The damage category codes, if applicable, for 
                contracts awarded without competitive bidding.
    ``(e) Collection of Public Assistance Recipient and Subrecipient 
Contracts.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall initiate and maintain an effort to collect and 
        store information, prior to the project closeout phase on any contract 
        entered into by a public assistance recipient or subrecipient that 
        through the base award, available options, or any subsequent 
        modifications has an estimated value of more than $1,000,000 and is 
        funded through section 324, 403, 404, 406, 407, 428, or 502, including--
                    ``(A) the disaster number, project worksheet number, and the 
                category of work associated with each contract;
                    ``(B) the name of each party;
                    ``(C) the date the contract was awarded;
                    ``(D) the amount of the contract;
                    ``(E) the scope of the contract;
                    ``(F) the period of performance for the contract; and
                    ``(G) whether the contract was awarded through a competitive 
                bidding process.
            ``(2) Availability of information collected.--The Administrator of 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall make the information 
        collected and stored under paragraph (1) available to the Inspector 
        General of the Department of Homeland Security, the Government 
        Accountability Office, and appropriate committees of Congress, upon 
        request.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of enactment 
        of this subsection, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
        Management Agency shall submit a report to the Committee on Homeland 
        Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the 
        efforts of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to collect the 
        information described in paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 1225. AUDIT OF CONTRACTS.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency shall not reimburse a State or local government, an 
Indian tribal government (as defined in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), or the owner or 
operator of a private nonprofit facility (as defined in section 102 of the 
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122) 
for any activities made pursuant to a contract entered into after August 1, 
2017, that prohibits the Administrator or the Comptroller General of the United 
States from auditing or otherwise reviewing all aspects relating to the 
contract.

SEC. 1226. INSPECTOR GENERAL AUDIT OF FEMA CONTRACTS FOR TARPS AND PLASTIC 
              SHEETING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security shall initiate 
an audit of the contracts awarded by the Agency for tarps and plastic sheeting 
for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in 
response to Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the audit under subsection (a), the 
inspector general shall review--
            (1) the contracting process used by the Agency to evaluate offerors 
        and award the relevant contracts to contractors;
            (2) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the past performance 
        of the contractors, including any historical information showing that 
        the contractors had supported large-scale delivery quantities in the 
        past;
            (3) the assessment conducted by the Agency of the capacity of the 
        contractors to carry out the relevant contracts, including with respect 
        to inventory, production, and financial capabilities;
            (4) how the Agency ensured that the contractors met the terms of the 
        relevant contracts; and
            (5) whether the failure of the contractors to meet the terms of the 
        relevant contracts and the subsequent cancellation by the Agency of the 
        relevant contracts affected the provision of tarps and plastic sheeting 
        to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 270 days after the date of initiation of the 
audit under subsection (a), the inspector general shall submit to the Committee 
on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report 
on the results of the audit, including findings and recommendations.

SEC. 1227. RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS.

    Section 309 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5152) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and other relief or'' and 
        inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and other 
        relief, or''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``and other relief or'' and 
        inserting ``long-term recovery groups, domestic hunger relief, and other 
        relief, or''.

SEC. 1228. GUIDANCE ON INUNDATED AND SUBMERGED ROADS.

    The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, in 
coordination with the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, shall 
develop and issue guidance for State, local, and Indian tribal governments 
regarding repair, restoration, and replacement of inundated and submerged roads 
damaged or destroyed by a major disaster, and for associated expenses incurred 
by the Government, with respect to roads eligible for assistance under section 
406 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5172).

SEC. 1229. EXTENSION OF ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of 
an individual eligible to receive unemployment assistance under section 410(a) 
of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 5177(a)) as a result of a disaster declaration made for Hurricane Irma 
and Hurricane Maria in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the United States 
Virgin Islands, the President shall make such assistance available for 52 weeks 
after the date of the disaster declaration effective as if enacted at the time 
of the disaster declaration.
    (b) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are authorized to 
carry out the requirements of this section.

SEC. 1230. GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

    (a) Guidance.--The Administrator shall provide guidance to a common interest 
community that provides essential services of a governmental nature on actions 
that a common interest community may take in order to be eligible to receive 
reimbursement from a grantee that receives funds from the Agency for certain 
activities performed after an event that results in a major disaster declared by 
the President under section 401 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170).
    (b) Recommendations.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a legislative proposal on how to 
provide eligibility for disaster assistance with respect to common areas of 
condominiums and housing cooperatives.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1231. GUIDANCE ON HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall issue guidance regarding the acquisition of 
property for open space as a mitigation measure under section 404 of the Robert 
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c) that 
includes--
            (1) a process by which the State hazard mitigation officer appointed 
        for such an acquisition shall, not later than 60 days after the 
        applicant for assistance enters into an agreement with the Administrator 
        regarding the acquisition, provide written notification to each affected 
        unit of local government for such acquisition that includes--
                    (A) the location of the acquisition;
                    (B) the State-local assistance agreement for the hazard 
                mitigation grant program;
                    (C) a description of the acquisition; and
                    (D) a copy of the deed restriction; and
            (2) recommendations for entering into and implementing a memorandum 
        of understanding between units of local government and covered entities 
        that includes provisions to allow an affected unit of local government 
        notified under paragraph (1) to--
                    (A) use and maintain the open space created by such a 
                project, consistent with section 404 (including related 
                regulations, standards, and guidance) and consistent with all 
                adjoining property, subject to the notification of the adjoining 
                property, so long as the cost of the maintenance is borne by the 
                local government; and
                    (B) maintain the open space pursuant to standards exceeding 
                any local government standards defined in the agreement with the 
                Administrator described under paragraph (1).
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Affected unit of local government.--The term ``affected unit of 
        local government'' means any entity covered by the definition of local 
        government in section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122), that has jurisdiction over 
        the property subject to the acquisition described in subsection (a).
            (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
                    (A) the grantee or subgrantee receiving assistance for an 
                open space project described in subsection (a);
                    (B) the State in which such project is located; and
                    (C) the applicable Regional Administrator of the Agency.

SEC. 1232. LOCAL IMPACT.

    (a) In General.--In making recommendations to the President regarding a 
major disaster declaration, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall give greater consideration to severe local impact or 
recent multiple disasters. Further, the Administrator shall make corresponding 
adjustments to the Agency's policies and regulations regarding such 
consideration. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
section, the Administrator shall report to the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate on the changes made to 
regulations and policies and the number of declarations that have been declared 
based on the new criteria.
    (b) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1233. ADDITIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.

    Section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c), as amended by this division, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) Use of Assistance for Earthquake Hazards.--Recipients of hazard 
mitigation assistance provided under this section and section 203 may use the 
assistance to conduct activities to help reduce the risk of future damage, 
hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by earthquake hazards, 
including--
            ``(1) improvements to regional seismic networks in support of 
        building a capability for earthquake early warning;
            ``(2) improvements to geodetic networks in support of building a 
        capability for earthquake early warning; and
            ``(3) improvements to seismometers, Global Positioning System 
        receivers, and associated infrastructure in support of building a 
        capability for earthquake early warning.''.

SEC. 1234. NATIONAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PREDISASTER HAZARD MITIGATION.

    (a) Predisaster Hazard Mitigation.--Section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c) by inserting ``Public Infrastructure'' after 
        ``the National'';
            (2) in subsection (e)(1)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of clause (ii);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of clause (iii) and 
                inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) to establish and carry out enforcement 
                        activities and implement the latest published editions 
                        of relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and 
                        standards that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant 
                        designs and establish minimum acceptable criteria for 
                        the design, construction, and maintenance of residential 
                        structures and facilities that may be eligible for 
                        assistance under this Act for the purpose of protecting 
                        the health, safety, and general welfare of the 
                        buildings' users against disasters.'';
            (3) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``for mitigation 
                activities that are cost effective'' after ``competitive 
                basis''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Redistribution of unobligated amounts.--The President may--
                    ``(A) withdraw amounts of financial assistance made 
                available to a State (including amounts made available to local 
                governments of a State) under this subsection that remain 
                unobligated by the end of the third fiscal year after the fiscal 
                year for which the amounts were allocated; and
                    ``(B) in the fiscal year following a fiscal year in which 
                amounts were withdrawn under subparagraph (A), add the amounts 
                to any other amounts available to be awarded on a competitive 
                basis pursuant to paragraph (1).'';
            (4) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by inserting ``provide financial assistance only in 
                States that have received a major disaster declaration in the 
                previous 7 years, or to any Indian tribal government located 
                partially or entirely within the boundaries of such States, 
                and'' after ``the President shall'';
                    (B) in paragraph (9) by striking ``and'' at the end;
                    (C) by redesignating paragraph (10) as paragraph (12); and
                    (D) by adding after paragraph (9) the following:
            ``(10) the extent to which the State, local, Indian tribal, or 
        territorial government has facilitated the adoption and enforcement of 
        the latest published editions of relevant consensus-based codes, 
        specifications, and standards, including amendments made by State, 
        local, Indian tribal, or territorial governments during the adoption 
        process that incorporate the latest hazard-resistant designs and 
        establish criteria for the design, construction, and maintenance of 
        residential structures and facilities that may be eligible for 
        assistance under this Act for the purpose of protecting the health, 
        safety, and general welfare of the buildings' users against disasters;
            ``(11) the extent to which the assistance will fund activities that 
        increase the level of resiliency; and'';
            (5) by striking subsection (i) and inserting the following:
    ``(i) National Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The President may set aside from the Disaster 
        Relief Fund, with respect to each major disaster, an amount equal to 6 
        percent of the estimated aggregate amount of the grants to be made 
        pursuant to sections 403, 406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 for the major 
        disaster in order to provide technical and financial assistance under 
        this section and such set aside shall be deemed to be related to 
        activities carried out pursuant to major disasters under this Act.
            ``(2) Estimated aggregate amount.--Not later than 180 days after 
        each major disaster declaration pursuant to this Act, the estimated 
        aggregate amount of grants for purposes of paragraph (1) shall be 
        determined by the President and such estimated amount need not be 
        reduced, increased, or changed due to variations in estimates.
            ``(3) No reduction in amounts.--The amount set aside pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) shall not reduce the amounts otherwise made available for 
        sections 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 416, and 428 under this Act.''; 
        and
            (6) by striking subsections (j) and (m);
            (7) by redesignating subsections (k), (l), and (n) as subsections 
        (j), (k), and (l), respectively and
            (8) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(m) Latest Published Editions.--For purposes of subsections (e)(1)(B)(iv) 
and (g)(10), the term `latest published editions' means, with respect to 
relevant consensus-based codes, specifications, and standards, the 2 most 
recently published editions.''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made to section 203 of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) by 
paragraphs (3) and (5) of subsection (a) shall apply to funds appropriated on or 
after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) all funding expended from the National Public Infrastructure 
        Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by Section 203(i)(1) of the 
        Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5133), as added by this section, shall not be considered part of 
        FEMA's regular appropriations for non-Stafford activities, also known as 
        the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Disaster Relief Fund base; and
            (2) the President should have the funds related to the National 
        Public Infrastructure Predisaster Mitigation Assistance created by 
        Section 203(i)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133), as added by this section, 
        identified in and allocated from the Federal Emergency Management 
        Agency's Disaster Relief Fund for major disasters declared pursuant to 
        the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 
        U.S.C. 5121 et seq.).
    (d) Sunset.--On the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, section 203 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5133) is amended by striking subsection (m), as added 
by subsection (a)(8) of this section.

SEC. 1235. ADDITIONAL MITIGATION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Hazard Mitigation Clarification.--Section 404(a) of the Robert T. 
Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c(a)) is 
amended by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: ``The 
President may contribute up to 75 percent of the cost of hazard mitigation 
measures which the President has determined are cost effective and which 
substantially reduce the risk of, or increase resilience to, future damage, 
hardship, loss, or suffering in any area affected by a major disaster.''.
    (b) Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)(1)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding clause (i), by inserting after 
        ``section,'' the following: ``for disasters declared on or after August 
        1, 2017, or a disaster in which a cost estimate has not yet been 
        finalized for a project, or for any project for which the finalized cost 
        estimate is on appeal,'';
            (2) in clause (i), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in clause (ii)--
                    (A) by striking ``codes, specifications, and standards'' and 
                inserting ``the latest published editions of relevant consensus-
                based codes, specifications, and standards that incorporate the 
                latest hazard-resistant designs and establish minimum acceptable 
                criteria for the design, construction, and maintenance of 
                residential structures and facilities that may be eligible for 
                assistance under this Act for the purposes of protecting the 
                health, safety, and general welfare of a facility's users 
                against disasters'';
                    (B) by striking ``applicable at the time at which the 
                disaster occurred''; and
                    (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iii) in a manner that allows the facility to meet 
                        the definition of resilient developed pursuant to this 
                        subsection.''.
    (c) Other Eligible Cost.--Section 406(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford 
Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)(1)) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Contributions.--Contributions for the eligible cost 
                made under this section may be provided on an actual cost basis 
                or on cost-estimation procedures.''.
    (d) New Rules.--Section 406(e) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5172(e)) is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(5) New rules.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date 
                of enactment of this paragraph, the President, acting through 
                the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 
                and in consultation with the heads of relevant Federal 
                departments and agencies, shall issue a final rulemaking that 
                defines the terms `resilient' and `resiliency' for purposes of 
                this subsection.
                    ``(B) Interim guidance.--Not later than 60 days after the 
                date of enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall 
                issue interim guidance to implement this subsection. Such 
                interim guidance shall expire 18 months after the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph or upon issuance of final 
                regulations pursuant to subparagraph (A), whichever occurs 
                first.
                    ``(C) Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after the date on 
                which the Administrator issues the final rulemaking under this 
                paragraph, the Administrator shall issue any necessary guidance 
                related to the rulemaking.
                    ``(D) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall submit to 
                Congress a report summarizing the regulations and guidance 
                issued pursuant to this paragraph.''.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 205(d)(2) of the Disaster Mitigation Act 
of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 5172 note) is amended by inserting ``(B)'' after ``except 
that paragraph (1)''.

SEC. 1236. GUIDANCE AND TRAINING BY FEMA ON COORDINATION OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE 
              PLANS.

    (a) Training Requirement.--The Administrator, in coordination with other 
relevant agencies, shall provide guidance and training on an annual basis to 
State, local, and Indian tribal governments, first responders, and facilities 
that store hazardous materials on coordination of emergency response plans in 
the event of a major disaster or emergency, including severe weather events. The 
guidance and training shall include the following:
            (1) Providing a list of equipment required in the event a hazardous 
        substance is released into the environment.
            (2) Outlining the health risks associated with exposure to hazardous 
        substances to improve treatment response.
            (3) Publishing best practices for mitigating further danger to 
        communities from hazardous substances.
    (b) Implementation.--The requirement of subsection (a) shall be implemented 
not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1237. CERTAIN RECOUPMENT PROHIBITED.

    (a) In General.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Agency 
shall deem any covered disaster assistance to have been properly procured, 
provided, and utilized, and shall restore any funding of covered disaster 
assistance previously provided but subsequently withdrawn or deobligated.
    (b) Covered Disaster Assistance Defined.--In this section, the term 
``covered disaster assistance'' means assistance--
            (1) provided to a local government pursuant to section 403, 406, or 
        407 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, or 5173); and
            (2) with respect to which the inspector general of the Department of 
        Homeland Security has determined, after an audit, that--
                    (A) the Agency deployed to the local government a Technical 
                Assistance Contractor to review field operations, provide 
                eligibility advice, and assist with day-to-day decisions;
                    (B) the Technical Assistance Contractor provided inaccurate 
                information to the local government; and
                    (C) the local government relied on the inaccurate 
                information to determine that relevant contracts were eligible, 
                reasonable, and reimbursable.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1238. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUALS AND HOUSEHOLDS AND NONPROFIT 
              FACILITIES.

    (a) Critical Document Fee Waiver.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 1 of the Passport Act of 
        June 4, 1920 (22 U.S.C. 214) or any other provision of law, the 
        President, in consultation with the Governor of a State, may provide a 
        waiver under this subsection to an individual or household described in 
        section 408(e)(1) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
        Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(e)(1)) for the following 
        document replacement fees:
                    (A) The passport application fee for individuals who lost 
                their United States passport in a major disaster within the 
                preceding three calendar years.
                    (B) The file search fee for a United States passport.
                    (C) The Application for Waiver of Passport and/or Visa form 
                (Form I-193) fee.
                    (D) The Permanent Resident Card replacement form (Form I-90) 
                filing fee.
                    (E) The Declaration of Intention form (Form N-300) filing 
                fee.
                    (F) The Naturalization/Citizenship Document replacement form 
                (Form N-565) filing fee.
                    (G) The Employment Authorization form (Form I-765) filing 
                fee.
                    (H) The biometric service fee.
            (2) Exemption from form requirement.--The authority of the President 
        to waive fees under subparagraphs (C) through (H) of paragraph (1) 
        applies regardless of whether the individual or household qualifies for 
        a Form I-912 Request for Fee Waiver, or any successor thereto.
            (3) Exemption from assistance maximum.--The assistance limit in 
        section 408(h) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
        Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5174(h)) shall not apply to any fee waived 
        under this subsection.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 365 days after the date of enactment of 
        this subsection, the Administrator and the head of any other agency 
        given critical document fee waiver authority under this subsection shall 
        submit a report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on the costs associated 
        with providing critical document fee waivers as described in paragraph 
        (1).
    (b) Federal Assistance to Private Nonprofit Childcare Facilities.--Section 
102(11)(A) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5122(11)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in the second subparagraph (A) (as added by Public Law 115-123), 
        by inserting ``center-based childcare,'' after ``facility),''; and
            (2) in the first subparagraph (A), by striking ``(a) in general.--
        The term `private nonprofit facility' means private nonprofit 
        educational, utility'' and all that follows through ``President.''.
    (c) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (b)(1) shall apply to 
any major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 
501, respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170, 5191) on or after the date of enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 1239. COST OF ASSISTANCE ESTIMATES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall review the factors considered when evaluating a 
request for a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.), specifically the 
estimated cost of the assistance, and provide a report and briefing to the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
    (b) Rulemaking.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall review and initiate a rulemaking to update the 
factors considered when evaluating a Governor's request for a major disaster 
declaration, including reviewing how the Agency estimates the cost of major 
disaster assistance, and consider other impacts on the capacity of a 
jurisdiction to respond to disasters. In determining the capacity of a 
jurisdiction to respond to disasters, and prior to the issuance of such a rule, 
the Administrator shall engage in meaningful consultation with relevant 
representatives of State, regional, local, and Indian tribal government 
stakeholders.

SEC. 1240. REPORT ON INSURANCE SHORTFALLS.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this section, and each 
year thereafter until 2023, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency shall submit a report to Congress on the number of instances 
and the estimated amounts involved, by State, for cases in which self-insurance 
amounts have been insufficient to address flood damages.

SEC. 1241. POST DISASTER BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT.

    (a) Building Safety Assessment Team.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall coordinate with State and 
        local governments and organizations representing design professionals, 
        such as architects and engineers, to develop guidance, including best 
        practices, for post-disaster assessment of buildings by licensed 
        architects and engineers to ensure the design professionals properly 
        analyze the structural integrity and livability of buildings and 
        structures.
            (2) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish the guidance 
        required to be developed under paragraph (1) not later than 1 year after 
        the date of enactment of this Act.
    (b) National Incident Management System.--The Administrator shall revise or 
issue guidance as required to the National Incident Management System Resource 
Management component to ensure the functions of post-disaster building safety 
assessment, such as those functions performed by design professionals are 
accurately resource typed within the National Incident Management System.
    (c) Effective Date.--This section shall be effective on the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1242. FEMA UPDATES ON NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS ASSESSMENT.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 
months thereafter until completion, the Administrator shall submit to the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committees on Transportation and Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the 
House of Representatives an update on the progress of the Agency in completing 
action 6 with respect to the report published by the Government Accountability 
Office entitled ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce Duplication, 
Overlap and Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance Revenue'' (February 28, 
2012), which recommends the Agency to--
            (1) complete a national preparedness assessment of capability gaps 
        at each level based on tiered, capability-specific performance 
        objectives to enable prioritization of grant funding; and
            (2) identify the potential costs for establishing and maintaining 
        those capabilities at each level and determine what capabilities Federal 
        agencies should provide.

SEC. 1243. FEMA REPORT ON DUPLICATION IN NON-NATURAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS GRANT 
              PROGRAMS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on Transportation and 
Infrastructure and Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report on 
the results of the efforts of the Agency to identify and prevent unnecessary 
duplication within and across the non-natural disaster preparedness grant 
programs of the Agency, as recommended in the report published by the Government 
Accountability Office entitled ``2012 Annual Report: Opportunities to Reduce 
Duplication, Overlap and Fragmentation, Achieve Savings, and Enhance Revenue'' 
(February 28, 2012), including with respect to--
            (1) the Urban Area Security Initiative established under section 
        2003 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 604);
            (2) the Port Security Grant Program authorized under section 70107 
        of title 46, United States Code;
            (3) the State Homeland Security Grant Program established under 
        section 2004 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 605); and
            (4) the Transit Security Grant Program authorized under titles XIV 
        and XV of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 
        2007 (6 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.).

SEC. 1244. STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall enter into a contract with the National Academy of 
Medicine to conduct a study and prepare a report as described in subsection (b).
    (b) Study and Report.--
            (1) Study.--
                    (A) In general.--The study described in this subsection 
                shall be a study of matters concerning best practices in 
                mortality counts as a result of a major disaster (as defined in 
                section 102 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and 
                Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5122)).
                    (B) Contents.--The study described in this subsection shall 
                address approaches to quantifying mortality and significant 
                morbidity among populations affected by major disasters, which 
                shall include best practices and policy recommendations for--
                            (i) equitable and timely attribution, in order to 
                        facilitate access to available benefits, among other 
                        things;
                            (ii) timely prospective tracking of population 
                        levels of mortality and significant morbidity, and their 
                        causes, in order to continuously inform response 
                        efforts; and
                            (iii) a retrospective study of disaster-related 
                        mortality and significant morbidity to inform after-
                        action analysis and improve subsequent preparedness 
                        efforts.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which the 
        contract described in subsection (a) is entered into, the National 
        Academy of Medicine shall complete and transmit to the Administrator a 
        report on the study described in paragraph (1).
    (c) No Additional Funds Authorized.--No additional funds are authorized to 
carry out the requirements of this section.

SEC. 1245. REVIEW OF ASSISTANCE FOR DAMAGED UNDERGROUND WATER INFRASTRUCTURE.

    (a) Definition of Public Assistance Grant Program.--The term ``public 
assistance grant program'' means the public assistance grant program authorized 
under sections 403, 406, 407, 428, and 502(a) of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster 
Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170b, 5172, 5173, 5192(a)).
    (b) Review and Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the assessment and eligibility process under 
        the public assistance grant program with respect to assistance provided 
        for damaged underground water infrastructure as a result of a major 
        disaster declared under section 401 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 5170), 
        including wildfires, and shall include the extent to which local 
        technical memoranda, prepared by a local unit of government in 
        consultation with the relevant State or Federal agencies, identified 
        damaged underground water infrastructure that should be eligible for the 
        public assistance grant program; and
            (2) provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a briefing on the review 
        conducted under paragraph (1).
    (c) Report and Recommendations.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        issue a report on the review conducted under subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
        Administrator issues the report required under paragraph (1), initiate a 
        rulemaking, if appropriate, to address any recommendations contained in 
        the report.

SEC. 1246. EXTENSION.

    The Administrator shall extend the deadlines to implement the reasonable and 
prudent alternative outlined in the jeopardy biological opinion dated April 14, 
2016, by up to 3 years from the date of enactment of this Act. Within 18 months 
from the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on 
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on Environment and Public 
Works of the Senate; and the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
Natural Resources, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives a report on the status of implementing these reasonable 
and prudent alternatives.

                          DIVISION E--CONCRETE MASONRY

SEC. 1301. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Concrete Masonry Products Research, 
Education, and Promotion Act of 2018''.

SEC. 1302. DECLARATION OF POLICY.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this division is to authorize the establishment 
of an orderly program for developing, financing, and carrying out an effective, 
continuous, and coordinated program of research, education, and promotion, 
including funds for marketing and market research activities, that is designed 
to--
            (1) strengthen the position of the concrete masonry products 
        industry in the domestic marketplace;
            (2) maintain, develop, and expand markets and uses for concrete 
        masonry products in the domestic marketplace; and
            (3) promote the use of concrete masonry products in construction and 
        building.
    (b) Limitation.--Nothing in this division may be construed to provide for 
the control of production or otherwise limit the right of any person to 
manufacture concrete masonry products.

SEC. 1303. DEFINITIONS.

    For the purposes of this division:
            (1) Block machine.--The term ``block machine'' means a piece of 
        equipment that utilizes vibration and compaction to form concrete 
        masonry products.
            (2) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Concrete Masonry Products 
        Board established under section 1305.
            (3) Cavity.--The term ``cavity'' means the open space in the mold of 
        a block machine capable of forming a single concrete masonry unit having 
        nominal plan dimensions of 8 inches by 16 inches.
            (4) Concrete masonry products.--The term ``concrete masonry 
        products'' refers to a broader class of products, including concrete 
        masonry units as well as hardscape products such as concrete pavers and 
        segmental retaining wall units, manufactured on a block machine using 
        dry-cast concrete.
            (5) Concrete masonry unit.--The term ``concrete masonry unit''--
                    (A) means a concrete masonry product that is a manmade 
                masonry unit having an actual width of 3 inches or greater and 
                manufactured from dry-cast concrete using a block machine; and
                    (B) includes concrete block and related concrete units used 
                in masonry applications.
            (6) Conflict of interest.--The term ``conflict of interest'' means, 
        with respect to a member or employee of the Board, a situation in which 
        such member or employee has a direct or indirect financial or other 
        interest in a person that performs a service for, or enters into a 
        contract with, for anything of economic value.
            (7) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department of 
        Commerce.
            (8) Dry-cast concrete.--The term ``dry-cast concrete'' means a 
        composite material that is composed essentially of aggregates embedded 
        in a binding medium composed of a mixture of cementitious materials 
        (including hydraulic cement, pozzolans, or other cementitious materials) 
        and water of such a consistency to maintain its shape after forming in a 
        block machine.
            (9) Education.--The term ``education'' means programs that will 
        educate or communicate the benefits of concrete masonry products in safe 
        and environmentally sustainable development, advancements in concrete 
        masonry product technology and development, and other information and 
        programs designed to generate increased demand for commercial, 
        residential, multifamily, and institutional projects using concrete 
        masonry products and to generally enhance the image of concrete masonry 
        products.
            (10) Machine cavities.--The term ``machine cavities'' means the 
        cavities with which a block machine could be equipped.
            (11) Machine cavities in operation.--The term ``machine cavities in 
        operation'' means those machine cavities associated with a block machine 
        that have produced concrete masonry units within the last 6 months of 
        the date set for determining eligibility and is fully operable and 
        capable of producing concrete masonry units.
            (12) Manufacturer.--The term ``manufacturer'' means any person 
        engaged in the manufacturing of commercial concrete masonry products in 
        the United States.
            (13) Masonry unit.--The term ``masonry unit'' means a noncombustible 
        building product intended to be laid by hand or joined using mortar, 
        grout, surface bonding, post-tensioning or some combination of these 
        methods.
            (14) Order.--The term ``order'' means an order issued under section 
        1304.
            (15) Person.--The term ``person'' means any individual, group of 
        individuals, partnership, corporation, association, cooperative, or any 
        other entity.
            (16) Promotion.--The term ``promotion'' means any action, including 
        paid advertising, to advance the image and desirability of concrete 
        masonry products with the express intent of improving the competitive 
        position and stimulating sales of concrete masonry products in the 
        marketplace.
            (17) Research.--The term ``research'' means studies testing the 
        effectiveness of market development and promotion efforts, studies 
        relating to the improvement of concrete masonry products and new product 
        development, and studies documenting the performance of concrete 
        masonry.
            (18) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        Commerce.
            (19) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the several 
        States and the District of Columbia.

SEC. 1304. ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Issuance.--The Secretary, subject to the procedures provided in 
        subsection (b), shall issue orders under this division applicable to 
        manufacturers of concrete masonry products.
            (2) Scope.--Any order shall be national in scope.
            (3) One order.--Not more than 1 order shall be in effect at any one 
        time.
    (b) Procedures.--
            (1) Development or receipt of proposed order.--A proposed order with 
        respect to the generic research, education, and promotion with regards 
        to concrete masonry products may be--
                    (A) proposed by the Secretary at any time; or
                    (B) requested by or submitted to the Secretary by--
                            (i) an existing national organization of concrete 
                        masonry product manufacturers; or
                            (ii) any person that may be affected by the issuance 
                        of an order.
            (2) Publication of proposed order.--If the Secretary determines that 
        a proposed order received in accordance with paragraph (1)(B) is 
        consistent with and will effectuate the purpose of this division, the 
        Secretary shall publish such proposed order in the Federal Register not 
        later than 90 days after receiving the order, and give not less than 30 
        days notice and opportunity for public comment on the proposed order.
            (3) Issuance of order.--
                    (A) In general.--After notice and opportunity for public 
                comment are provided in accordance with paragraph (2), the 
                Secretary shall issue the order, taking into consideration the 
                comments received and including in the order such provisions as 
                are necessary to ensure that the order is in conformity with 
                this division.
                    (B) Effective date.--If there is an affirmative vote in a 
                referendum as provided in section 1307, the Secretary shall 
                issue the order and such order shall be effective not later than 
                140 days after publication of the proposed order.
    (c) Amendments.--The Secretary may, from time to time, amend an order. The 
provisions of this division applicable to an order shall be applicable to any 
amendment to an order.

SEC. 1305. REQUIRED TERMS IN ORDERS.

    (a) In General.--Any order issued under this division shall contain the 
terms and provisions specified in this section.
    (b) Concrete Masonry Products Board.--
            (1) Establishment and membership.--
                    (A) Establishment.--The order shall provide for the 
                establishment of a Concrete Masonry Products Board to carry out 
                a program of generic promotion, research, and education 
                regarding concrete masonry products.
                    (B) Membership.--
                            (i) Number of members.--The Board shall consist of 
                        not fewer than 15 and not more than 25 members.
                            (ii) Appointment.--The members of the Board shall be 
                        appointed by the Secretary from nominations submitted as 
                        provided in the order.
                            (iii) Composition.--The Board shall consist of 
                        manufacturers. No employee of an industry trade 
                        organization exempt from tax under paragraph (3) or (6) 
                        of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
                        representing the concrete masonry industry or related 
                        industries shall serve as a member of the Board and no 
                        member of the Board may serve concurrently as an officer 
                        of the board of directors of a national concrete masonry 
                        products industry trade association. Only 2 individuals 
                        from any single company or its affiliates may serve on 
                        the Board at any one time.
            (2) Distribution of appointments.--
                    (A) Representation.--To ensure fair and equitable 
                representation of the concrete masonry products industry, the 
                composition of the Board shall reflect the geographical 
                distribution of the manufacture of concrete masonry products in 
                the United States, the types of concrete masonry products 
                manufactured, and the range in size of manufacturers in the 
                United States.
                    (B) Adjustment in board representation.--Three years after 
                the assessment of concrete masonry products commences pursuant 
                to an order, and at the end of each 3-year period thereafter, 
                the Board, subject to the review and approval of the Secretary, 
                shall, if warranted, recommend to the Secretary the 
                reapportionment of the Board membership to reflect changes in 
                the geographical distribution of the manufacture of concrete 
                masonry products and the types of concrete masonry products 
                manufactured.
            (3) Nominations process.--The Secretary may make appointments from 
        nominations by manufacturers pursuant to the method set forth in the 
        order.
            (4) Failure to appoint.--If the Secretary fails to make an 
        appointment to the Board within 60 days of receiving nominations for 
        such appointment, the first nominee for such appointment shall be deemed 
        appointed, unless the Secretary provides reasonable justification for 
        the delay to the Board and to Congress and provides a reasonable date by 
        which approval or disapproval will be made.
            (5) Alternates.--The order shall provide for the selection of 
        alternate members of the Board by the Secretary in accordance with 
        procedures specified in the order.
            (6) Terms.--
                    (A) In general.--The members and any alternates of the Board 
                shall each serve for a term of 3 years, except that members and 
                any alternates initially appointed to the Board shall serve for 
                terms of not more than 2, 3, and 4 years, as specified by the 
                order.
                    (B) Limitation on consecutive terms.--A member or an 
                alternate may serve not more than 2 consecutive terms.
                    (C) Continuation of term.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), 
                each member or alternate shall continue to serve until a 
                successor is appointed by the Secretary.
                    (D) Vacancies.--A vacancy arising before the expiration of a 
                term of office of an incumbent member or alternate of the Board 
                shall be filled in a manner provided for in the order.
            (7) Disqualification from board service.--The order shall provide 
        that if a member or alternate of the Board who was appointed as a 
        manufacturer ceases to qualify as a manufacturer, such member or 
        alternate shall be disqualified from serving on the Board.
            (8) Compensation.--
                    (A) In general.--Members and any alternates of the Board 
                shall serve without compensation.
                    (B) Travel expenses.--If approved by the Board, members or 
                alternates shall be reimbursed for reasonable travel expenses, 
                which may include per diem allowance or actual subsistence 
                incurred while away from their homes or regular places of 
                business in the performance of services for the Board.
    (c) Powers and Duties of the Board.--The order shall specify the powers and 
duties of the Board, including the power and duty--
            (1) to administer the order in accordance with its terms and 
        conditions and to collect assessments;
            (2) to develop and recommend to the Secretary for approval such 
        bylaws as may be necessary for the functioning of the Board and such 
        rules as may be necessary to administer the order, including activities 
        authorized to be carried out under the order;
            (3) to meet, organize, and select from among members of the Board a 
        chairperson, other officers, and committees and subcommittees, as the 
        Board determines appropriate;
            (4) to establish regional organizations or committees to administer 
        regional initiatives;
            (5) to establish working committees of persons other than Board 
        members;
            (6) to employ such persons, other than the members, as the Board 
        considers necessary, and to determine the compensation and specify the 
        duties of the persons;
            (7) to prepare and submit for the approval of the Secretary, before 
        the beginning of each fiscal year, rates of assessment under section 
        1306 and an annual budget of the anticipated expenses to be incurred in 
        the administration of the order, including the probable cost of each 
        promotion, research, and information activity proposed to be developed 
        or carried out by the Board;
            (8) to borrow funds necessary for the startup expenses of the order;
            (9) to carry out generic research, education, and promotion programs 
        and projects relating to concrete masonry products, and to pay the costs 
        of such programs and projects with assessments collected under section 
        1306;
            (10) subject to subsection (e), to enter into contracts or 
        agreements to develop and carry out programs or projects of research, 
        education, and promotion relating to concrete masonry products;
            (11) to keep minutes, books, and records that reflect the actions 
        and transactions of the Board, and promptly report minutes of each Board 
        meeting to the Secretary;
            (12) to receive, investigate, and report to the Secretary complaints 
        of violations of the order;
            (13) to furnish the Secretary with such information as the Secretary 
        may request;
            (14) to recommend to the Secretary such amendments to the order as 
        the Board considers appropriate; and
            (15) to provide the Secretary with advance notice of meetings to 
        permit the Secretary, or the representative of the Secretary, to attend 
        the meetings.
    (d) Programs and Projects; Budgets; Expenses.--
            (1) Programs and projects.--
                    (A) In general.--The order shall require the Board to submit 
                to the Secretary for approval any program or project of 
                research, education, or promotion relating to concrete masonry 
                products.
                    (B) Statement required.--Any educational or promotional 
                activity undertaken with funds provided by the Board shall 
                include a statement that such activities were supported in whole 
                or in part by the Board.
            (2) Budgets.--
                    (A) Submission.--The order shall require the Board to submit 
                to the Secretary for approval a budget of the anticipated 
                expenses and disbursements of the Board in the implementation of 
                the order, including the projected costs of concrete masonry 
                products research, education, and promotion programs and 
                projects.
                    (B) Timing.--The budget shall be submitted before the 
                beginning of a fiscal year and as frequently as may be necessary 
                after the beginning of the fiscal year.
                    (C) Approval.--If the Secretary fails to approve or reject a 
                budget within 60 days of receipt, such budget shall be deemed 
                approved, unless the Secretary provides to the Board and to 
                Congress, in writing, reasonable justification for the delay and 
                provides a reasonable date by which approval or disapproval will 
                be made.
            (3) Administrative expenses.--
                    (A) Incurring expenses.--The Board may incur the expenses 
                described in paragraph (2) and other expenses for the 
                administration, maintenance, and functioning of the Board as 
                authorized by the Secretary.
                    (B) Payment of expenses.--Expenses incurred under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be paid by the Board using assessments 
                collected under section 1306, earnings obtained from 
                assessments, and other income of the Board. Any funds borrowed 
                by the Board shall be expended only for startup costs and 
                capital outlays.
                    (C) Limitation on spending.--For fiscal years beginning 3 or 
                more years after the date of the establishment of the Board, the 
                Board may not expend for administration (except for 
                reimbursement to the Secretary required under subparagraph (D)), 
                maintenance, and functioning of the Board in a fiscal year an 
                amount that exceeds 10 percent of the assessment and other 
                income received by the Board for the fiscal year.
                    (D) Reimbursement of secretary.--The order shall require 
                that the Secretary be reimbursed by the Board from assessments 
                for all expenses incurred by the Secretary in the 
                implementation, administration, and supervision of the order, 
                including all referenda costs incurred in connection with the 
                order.
    (e) Contracts and Agreements.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that, with the approval of 
        the Secretary, the Board may--
                    (A) enter into contracts and agreements to carry out generic 
                research, education, and promotion programs and projects 
                relating to concrete masonry products, including contracts and 
                agreements with manufacturer associations or other entities as 
                considered appropriate by the Secretary;
                    (B) enter into contracts and agreements for administrative 
                services; and
                    (C) pay the cost of approved generic research, education, 
                and promotion programs and projects using assessments collected 
                under section 1306, earnings obtained from assessments, and 
                other income of the Board.
            (2) Requirements.--Each contract or agreement shall provide that any 
        person who enters into the contract or agreement with the Board shall--
                    (A) develop and submit to the Board a proposed program or 
                project together with a budget that specifies the cost to be 
                incurred to carry out the program or project;
                    (B) keep accurate records of all transactions relating to 
                the contract or agreement;
                    (C) account for funds received and expended in connection 
                with the contract or agreement;
                    (D) make periodic reports to the Board of activities 
                conducted under the contract or agreement; and
                    (E) make such other reports as the Board or the Secretary 
                considers relevant.
            (3) Failure to approve.--If the Secretary fails to approve or reject 
        a contract or agreement entered into under paragraph (1) within 60 days 
        of receipt, the contract or agreement shall be deemed approved, unless 
        the Secretary provides to the Board and to Congress, in writing, 
        reasonable justification for the delay and provides a reasonable date by 
        which approval or disapproval will be made.
    (f) Books and Records of Board.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require the Board to--
                    (A) maintain such books and records (which shall be 
                available to the Secretary for inspection and audit) as the 
                Secretary may require;
                    (B) collect and submit to the Secretary, at any time the 
                Secretary may specify, any information the Secretary may 
                request; and
                    (C) account for the receipt and disbursement of all funds in 
                the possession, or under the control, of the Board.
            (2) Audits.--The order shall require the Board to have--
                    (A) the books and records of the Board audited by an 
                independent auditor at the end of each fiscal year; and
                    (B) a report of the audit submitted directly to the 
                Secretary.
    (g) Prohibited Activities.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Board shall not 
        engage in any program or project to, nor shall any funds received by the 
        Board under this division be used to--
                    (A) influence legislation, elections, or governmental 
                action;
                    (B) engage in an action that would be a conflict of 
                interest;
                    (C) engage in advertising that is false or misleading;
                    (D) engage in any promotion, research, or education that 
                would be disparaging to other construction materials; or
                    (E) engage in any promotion or project that would benefit 
                any individual manufacturer.
            (2) Exceptions.--Paragraph (1) does not preclude--
                    (A) the development and recommendation of amendments to the 
                order;
                    (B) the communication to appropriate government officials of 
                information relating to the conduct, implementation, or results 
                of research, education, and promotion activities under the order 
                except communications described in paragraph (1)(A); or
                    (C) any lawful action designed to market concrete masonry 
                products directly to a foreign government or political 
                subdivision of a foreign government.
    (h) Periodic Evaluation.--The order shall require the Board to provide for 
the independent evaluation of all research, education, and promotion programs or 
projects undertaken under the order, beginning 5 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act and every 3 years thereafter. The Board shall submit to 
the Secretary and make available to the public the results of each such 
evaluation.
    (i) Objectives.--The Board shall establish annual research, education, and 
promotion objectives and performance metrics for each fiscal year subject to 
approval by the Secretary.
    (j) Biennial Report.--Every 2 years the Board shall prepare and make 
publicly available a comprehensive and detailed report that includes an 
identification and description of all programs and projects undertaken by the 
Board during the previous 2 years as well as those planned for the subsequent 2 
years and detail the allocation or planned allocation of Board resources for 
each such program or project. Such report shall also include--
            (1) the overall financial condition of the Board;
            (2) a summary of the amounts obligated or expended during the 2 
        preceding fiscal years; and
            (3) a description of the extent to which the objectives of the Board 
        were met according to the metrics required under subsection (i).
    (k) Books and Records of Persons Covered by Order.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall require that manufacturers shall--
                    (A) maintain records sufficient to ensure compliance with 
                the order and regulations; and
                    (B) make the records described in subparagraph (A) 
                available, during normal business hours, for inspection by 
                employees or agents of the Board or the Department.
            (2) Time requirement.--Any record required to be maintained under 
        paragraph (1) shall be maintained for such time period as the Secretary 
        may prescribe.
            (3) Confidentiality of information.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
                paragraph, trade secrets and commercial or financial information 
                that is privileged or confidential reported to, or otherwise 
                obtained by the Board or the Secretary (or any representative of 
                the Board or the Secretary) under this division shall not be 
                disclosed by any officers, employees, and agents of the 
                Department or the Board.
                    (B) Suits and hearings.--Information referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) may be disclosed only if--
                            (i) the Secretary considers the information 
                        relevant; and
                            (ii) the information is revealed in a judicial 
                        proceeding or administrative hearing brought at the 
                        direction or on the request of the Secretary or to which 
                        the Secretary or any officer of the Department is a 
                        party.
                    (C) General statements and publications.--This paragraph 
                does not prohibit--
                            (i) the issuance of general statements based on 
                        reports or on information relating to a number of 
                        persons subject to an order if the statements do not 
                        identify the information furnished by any person; or
                            (ii) the publication, by direction of the Secretary, 
                        of the name of any person violating any order and a 
                        statement of the particular provisions of the order 
                        violated by the person.
                    (D) Penalty.--Any officer, employee, or agent of the 
                Department of Commerce or any officer, employee, or agent of the 
                Board who willfully violates this paragraph shall be fined not 
                more than $1,000 and imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or 
                both.
            (4) Withholding information.--This subsection does not authorize the 
        withholding of information from Congress.

SEC. 1306. ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) Assessments.--The order shall provide that assessments shall be paid by 
a manufacturer if the manufacturer has manufactured concrete masonry products 
during a period of at least 180 days prior to the date the assessment is to be 
remitted.
    (b) Collection.--
            (1) In general.--Assessments required under the order shall be 
        remitted by the manufacturer to the Board in the manner prescribed by 
        the order.
            (2) Timing.--The order shall provide that assessments required under 
        the order shall be remitted to the Board not less frequently than 
        quarterly.
            (3) Records.--As part of the remittance of assessments, 
        manufacturers shall identify the total amount due in assessments on all 
        sales receipts, invoices or other commercial documents of sale as a 
        result of the sale of concrete masonry units in a manner as prescribed 
        by the Board to ensure compliance with the order.
    (c) Assessment Rates.--With respect to assessment rates, the order shall 
contain the following terms:
            (1) Initial rate.--The assessment rate on concrete masonry products 
        shall be $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
            (2) Changes in the rate.--
                    (A) Authority to change rate.--The Board shall have the 
                authority to change the assessment rate. A two-thirds majority 
                of voting members of the Board shall be required to approve a 
                change in the assessment rate.
                    (B) Limitation on increases.--An increase or decrease in the 
                assessment rate with respect to concrete masonry products may 
                not exceed $0.01 per concrete masonry unit sold.
                    (C) Maximum rate.--The assessment rate shall not be in 
                excess of $0.05 per concrete masonry unit.
                    (D) Limitation on frequency of changes.--The assessment rate 
                may not be increased or decreased more than once annually.
    (d) Late-Payment and Interest Charges.--
            (1) In general.--Late-payment and interest charges may be levied on 
        each person subject to the order who fails to remit an assessment in 
        accordance with subsection (b).
            (2) Rate.--The rate for late-payment and interest charges shall be 
        specified by the Secretary.
    (e) Investment of Assessments.--Pending disbursement of assessments under a 
budget approved by the Secretary, the Board may invest assessments collected 
under this section in--
            (1) obligations of the United States or any agency of the United 
        States;
            (2) general obligations of any State or any political subdivision of 
        a State;
            (3) interest-bearing accounts or certificates of deposit of 
        financial institutions that are members of the Federal Reserve System; 
        or
            (4) obligations fully guaranteed as to principal and interest by the 
        United States.
    (f) Assessment Funds for Regional Initiatives.--
            (1) In general.--The order shall provide that not less than 50 
        percent of the assessments (less administration expenses) paid by a 
        manufacturer shall be used to support research, education, and promotion 
        programs and projects in support of the geographic region of the 
        manufacturer.
            (2) Geographic regions.--The order shall provide for the following 
        geographic regions:
                    (A) Region I shall comprise Connecticut, Delaware, the 
                District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New 
                Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, 
                Vermont, and West Virginia.
                    (B) Region II shall comprise Alabama, Florida, Georgia, 
                Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and 
                Virginia.
                    (C) Region III shall comprise Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 
                Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, 
                South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
                    (D) Region IV shall comprise Arizona, Arkansas, Kansas, 
                Louisiana, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
                    (E) Region V shall comprise Alaska, California, Colorado, 
                Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and 
                Wyoming.
            (3) Adjustment of geographic regions.--The order shall provide that 
        the Secretary may, upon recommendation of the Board, modify the 
        composition of the geographic regions described in paragraph (2).

SEC. 1307. REFERENDA.

    (a) Initial Referendum.--
            (1) Referendum required.--During the 60-day period immediately 
        preceding the proposed effective date of the order issued under section 
        1304, the Secretary shall conduct a referendum among manufacturers 
        eligible under subsection (b)(2) subject to assessments under section 
        1306.
            (2) Approval of order needed.--The order shall become effective only 
        if the Secretary determines that the order has been approved by a 
        majority of manufacturers voting who also represent a majority of the 
        machine cavities in operation of those manufacturers voting in the 
        referendum.
    (b) Votes Permitted.--
            (1) In general.--Each manufacturer eligible to vote in a referendum 
        conducted under this section shall be entitled to cast 1 vote.
            (2) Eligibility.--For purposes of paragraph (1), a manufacturer 
        shall be considered to be eligible to vote if the manufacturer has 
        manufactured concrete masonry products during a period of at least 180 
        days prior to the first day of the period during which voting in the 
        referendum will occur.
    (c) Manner of Conducting Referenda.--
            (1) In general.--Referenda conducted pursuant to this section shall 
        be conducted in a manner determined by the Secretary.
            (2) Advance registration.--A manufacturer who chooses to vote in any 
        referendum conducted under this section shall register with the 
        Secretary prior to the voting period, after receiving notice from the 
        Secretary concerning the referendum under paragraph (4).
            (3) Voting.--The Secretary shall establish procedures for voting in 
        any referendum conducted under this section. The ballots and other 
        information or reports that reveal or tend to reveal the identity or 
        vote of voters shall be strictly confidential.
            (4) Notice.--Not later than 30 days before a referendum is conducted 
        under this section with respect to an order, the Secretary shall notify 
        all manufacturers, in such a manner as determined by the Secretary, of 
        the period during which voting in the referendum will occur. The notice 
        shall explain any registration and voting procedures established under 
        this subsection.
    (d) Subsequent Referenda.--If an order is approved in a referendum conducted 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall conduct a subsequent referendum--
            (1) at the request of the Board, subject to the voting requirements 
        of subsections (b) and (c), to ascertain whether eligible manufacturers 
        favor suspension, termination, or continuance of the order; or
            (2) effective beginning on the date that is 5 years after the date 
        of the approval of the order, and at 5-year intervals thereafter, at the 
        request of 25 percent or more of the total number of persons eligible to 
        vote under subsection (b).
    (e) Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result of a referendum conducted 
under subsection (d), the Secretary determines that suspension or termination of 
the order is favored by a majority of all votes cast in the referendum as 
provided in subsection (a)(2), the Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after the referendum, suspend or 
        terminate, as appropriate, collection of assessments under the order; 
        and
            (2) suspend or terminate, as appropriate, programs and projects 
        under the order as soon as practicable and in an orderly manner.
    (f) Costs of Referenda.--The Board established under an order with respect 
to which a referendum is conducted under this section shall reimburse the 
Secretary from assessments for any expenses incurred by the Secretary to conduct 
the referendum.

SEC. 1308. PETITION AND REVIEW.

    (a) Petition.--
            (1) In general.--A person subject to an order issued under this 
        division may file with the Secretary a petition--
                    (A) stating that the order, any provision of the order, or 
                any obligation imposed in connection with the order, is not 
                established in accordance with law; and
                    (B) requesting a modification of the order or an exemption 
                from the order.
            (2) Hearing.--The Secretary shall give the petitioner an opportunity 
        for a hearing on the petition, in accordance with regulations issued by 
        the Secretary.
            (3) Ruling.--After the hearing, the Secretary shall make a ruling on 
        the petition. The ruling shall be final, subject to review as set forth 
        in subsection (b).
            (4) Limitation on petition.--Any petition filed under this 
        subsection challenging an order, any provision of the order, or any 
        obligation imposed in connection with the order, shall be filed not less 
        than 2 years after the effective date of the order, provision, or 
        obligation subject to challenge in the petition.
    (b) Review.--
            (1) Commencement of action.--The district courts of the United 
        States in any district in which a person who is a petitioner under 
        subsection (a) resides or conducts business shall have jurisdiction to 
        review the ruling of the Secretary on the petition of the person, if a 
        complaint requesting the review is filed no later than 30 days after the 
        date of the entry of the ruling by the Secretary.
            (2) Process.--Service of process in proceedings under this 
        subsection shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of 
        Civil Procedure.
            (3) Remands.--If the court in a proceeding under this subsection 
        determines that the ruling of the Secretary on the petition of the 
        person is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the matter 
        to the Secretary with directions--
                    (A) to make such ruling as the court shall determine to be 
                in accordance with law; or
                    (B) to take such further action as, in the opinion of the 
                court, the law requires.
    (c) Enforcement.--The pendency of proceedings instituted under this section 
shall not impede, hinder, or delay the Attorney General or the Secretary from 
obtaining relief under section 1309.

SEC. 1309. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Jurisdiction.--A district court of the United States shall have 
jurisdiction to enforce, and to prevent and restrain any person from violating, 
this division or an order or regulation issued by the Secretary under this 
division.
    (b) Referral to Attorney General.--A civil action authorized to be brought 
under this section shall be referred to the Attorney General of the United 
States for appropriate action.
    (c) Civil Penalties and Orders.--
            (1) Civil penalties.--A person who willfully violates an order or 
        regulation issued by the Secretary under this division may be assessed 
        by the Secretary a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each 
        violation.
            (2) Separate offense.--Each violation and each day during which 
        there is a failure to comply with an order or regulation issued by the 
        Secretary shall be considered to be a separate offense.
            (3) Cease-and-desist orders.--In addition to, or in lieu of, a civil 
        penalty, the Secretary may issue an order requiring a person to cease 
        and desist from violating the order or regulation.
            (4) Notice and hearing.--No order assessing a penalty or cease-and-
        desist order may be issued by the Secretary under this subsection unless 
        the Secretary provides notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the 
        record with respect to the violation.
            (5) Finality.--An order assessing a penalty or a cease-and-desist 
        order issued under this subsection by the Secretary shall be final and 
        conclusive unless the person against whom the order is issued files an 
        appeal from the order with the appropriate district court of the United 
        States.
    (d) Additional Remedies.--The remedies provided in this division shall be in 
addition to, and not exclusive of, other remedies that may be available.

SEC. 1310. INVESTIGATION AND POWER TO SUBPOENA.

    (a) Investigations.--The Secretary may conduct such investigations as the 
Secretary considers necessary for the effective administration of this division, 
or to determine whether any person has engaged or is engaging in any act that 
constitutes a violation of this division or any order or regulation issued under 
this division.
    (b) Subpoenas, Oaths, and Affirmations.--
            (1) Investigations.--For the purpose of conducting an investigation 
        under subsection (a), the Secretary may administer oaths and 
        affirmations, subpoena witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, 
        take evidence, and require the production of any records that are 
        relevant to the inquiry. The production of the records may be required 
        from any place in the United States.
            (2) Administrative hearings.--For the purpose of an administrative 
        hearing held under section 1308(a)(2) or section 1309(c)(4), the 
        presiding officer may administer oaths and affirmations, subpoena 
        witnesses, compel the attendance of witnesses, take evidence, and 
        require the production of any records that are relevant to the inquiry. 
        The attendance of witnesses and the production of the records may be 
        required from any place in the United States.
    (c) Aid of Courts.--
            (1) In general.--In the case of contumacy by, or refusal to obey a 
        subpoena issued under subsection (b) to, any person, the Secretary may 
        invoke the aid of any court of the United States within the jurisdiction 
        of which the investigation or proceeding is conducted, or where the 
        person resides or conducts business, in order to enforce a subpoena 
        issued under subsection (b).
            (2) Order.--The court may issue an order requiring the person 
        referred to in paragraph (1) to comply with a subpoena referred to in 
        paragraph (1).
            (3) Failure to obey.--Any failure to obey the order of the court may 
        be punished by the court as a contempt of court.
            (4) Process.--Process in any proceeding under this subsection may be 
        served in the United States judicial district in which the person being 
        proceeded against resides or conducts business, or wherever the person 
        may be found.

SEC. 1311. SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION.

    (a) Mandatory Suspension or Termination.--The Secretary shall suspend or 
terminate an order or a provision of an order if the Secretary finds that an 
order or provision of an order obstructs or does not tend to effectuate the 
purpose of this division, or if the Secretary determines that the order or a 
provision of an order is not favored by a majority of all votes cast in the 
referendum as provided in section 1307(a)(2).
    (b) Implementation of Suspension or Termination.--If, as a result of a 
referendum conducted under section 1307, the Secretary determines that the order 
is not approved, the Secretary shall--
            (1) not later than 180 days after making the determination, suspend 
        or terminate, as the case may be, collection of assessments under the 
        order; and
            (2) as soon as practicable, suspend or terminate, as the case may 
        be, activities under the order in an orderly manner.

SEC. 1312. AMENDMENTS TO ORDERS.

    The provisions of this division applicable to the order shall be applicable 
to any amendment to the order, except that section 1308 shall not apply to an 
amendment.

SEC. 1313. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.

    This division shall not affect or preempt any other Federal or State law 
authorizing research, education, and promotion relating to concrete masonry 
products.

SEC. 1314. REGULATIONS.

    The Secretary may issue such regulations as may be necessary to carry out 
this division and the power vested in the Secretary under this division.

SEC. 1315. LIMITATION ON EXPENDITURES FOR ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.

    Funds appropriated to carry out this division may not be used for the 
payment of the expenses or expenditures of the Board in administering the order.

SEC. 1316. LIMITATIONS ON OBLIGATION OF FUNDS.

    (a) In General.--In each fiscal year of the covered period, the Board may 
not obligate an amount greater than the sum of--
            (1) 73 percent of the amount of assessments estimated to be 
        collected under section 1306 in such fiscal year;
            (2) 73 percent of the amount of assessments actually collected under 
        section 1306 in the most recent fiscal year for which an audit report 
        has been submitted under section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of the beginning of 
        the fiscal year for which the amount that may be obligated is being 
        determined, less the estimate made pursuant to paragraph (1) for such 
        most recent fiscal year; and
            (3) amounts permitted in preceding fiscal years to be obligated 
        pursuant to this subsection that have not been obligated.
    (b) Excess Amounts Deposited in Escrow Account.--Assessments collected under 
section 1306 in excess of the amount permitted to be obligated under subsection 
(a) in a fiscal year shall be deposited in an escrow account for the duration of 
the covered period.
    (c) Treatment of Amounts in Escrow Account.--During the covered period, the 
Board may not obligate, expend, or borrow against amounts required under 
subsection (b) to be deposited in the escrow account. Any interest earned on 
such amounts shall be deposited in the escrow account and shall be unavailable 
for obligation for the duration of the covered period.
    (d) Release of Amounts in Escrow Account.--After the covered period, the 
Board may withdraw and obligate in any fiscal year an amount in the escrow 
account that does not exceed \1/5\ of the amount in the escrow account on the 
last day of the covered period.
    (e) Special Rule for Estimates for Particular Fiscal Years.--
            (1) Rule.--For purposes of subsection (a)(1), the amount of 
        assessments estimated to be collected under section 1306 in a fiscal 
        year specified in paragraph (2) shall be equal to 62 percent of the 
        amount of assessments actually collected under such section in the most 
        recent fiscal year for which an audit report has been submitted under 
        section 1305(f)(2)(B) as of the beginning of the fiscal year for which 
        the amount that may be obligated is being determined.
            (2) Fiscal years specified.--The fiscal years specified in this 
        paragraph are the 9th and 10th fiscal years that begin on or after the 
        date of enactment of this Act.
    (f) Covered Period Defined.--In this section, the term ``covered period'' 
means the period that begins on the date of enactment of this Act and ends on 
the last day of the 11th fiscal year that begins on or after such date of 
enactment.

SEC. 1317. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE.

    Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall prepare a study, and not later 
than 8 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General 
shall submit to Congress and the Secretary a report, examining--
            (1) how the Board spends assessments collected;
            (2) the extent to which the reported activities of the Board help 
        achieve the annual objectives of the Board;
            (3) any changes in demand for concrete masonry products relative to 
        other building materials;
            (4) any impact of the activities of the Board on the market share of 
        competing products;
            (5) any impact of the activities of the Board on the overall size of 
        the market for building products;
            (6) any impact of the activities of the Board on the total number of 
        concrete-masonry-related jobs, including manufacturing, sales, and 
        installation;
            (7) any significant effects of the activities of the Board on 
        downstream purchasers of concrete masonry products and real property 
        into which concrete masonry products are incorporated;
            (8) effects on prices of concrete masonry products as a result of 
        the activities of the Board;
            (9) the cost to the Federal Government of an increase in concrete 
        masonry product prices, if any, as a result of the program established 
        by this division;
            (10) the extent to which key statutory requirements are met;
            (11) the extent and strength of Federal oversight of the program 
        established by this division;
            (12) the appropriateness of administering the program from within 
        the Office of the Secretary of Commerce and the appropriateness of 
        administering the program from within any division of the Department, 
        including whether the Department has the expertise, knowledge, or other 
        capabilities necessary to adequately administer the program; and
            (13) any other topic that the Comptroller General considers 
        appropriate.

SEC. 1318. STUDY AND REPORT BY THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.

    Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall prepare a study and submit to Congress a report examining the 
appropriateness and effectiveness of applying the commodity check-off program 
model (such as those programs established under the Commodity Promotion, 
Research, and Information Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7411 et seq.)) to a 
nonagricultural industry, taking into account the program established by this 
division and any other check-off program involving a nonagricultural industry.

                          DIVISION F--BUILD ACT OF 2018

SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Better Utilization of Investments 
Leading to Development Act of 2018'' or the ``BUILD Act of 2018''.

SEC. 1402. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term ``appropriate 
        congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
                Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
                Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Less developed country.--The term ``less developed country'' 
        means a country with a low-income economy, lower-middle-income economy, 
        or upper-middle-income economy, as defined by the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development and the International Development 
        Association (collectively referred to as the ``World Bank'').
            (3) Predecessor authority.--The term ``predecessor authority'' means 
        authorities repealed by title VI.
            (4) Qualifying sovereign entity.--The term ``qualifying sovereign 
        entity'' means--
                    (A) any agency or instrumentality of a foreign state (as 
                defined in section 1603 of title 28, United States Code) that 
                has a purpose that is similar to the purpose of the Corporation 
                as described in section 1412(b); or
                    (B) any international financial institution (as defined in 
                section 1701(c) of the International Financial Institutions Act 
                (22 U.S.C. 262r(c))).

                             TITLE I--ESTABLISHMENT

SEC. 1411. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to facilitate market-based private 
sector development and inclusive economic growth in less developed countries 
through the provision of credit, capital, and other financial support--
            (1) to mobilize private capital in support of sustainable, broad-
        based economic growth, poverty reduction, and development through 
        demand-driven partnerships with the private sector that further the 
        foreign policy interests of the United States;
            (2) to finance development that builds and strengthens civic 
        institutions, promotes competition, and provides for public 
        accountability and transparency;
            (3) to help private sector actors overcome identifiable market gaps 
        and inefficiencies without distorting markets;
            (4) to achieve clearly defined economic and social development 
        outcomes;
            (5) to coordinate with institutions with purposes similar to the 
        purposes of the Corporation to leverage resources of those institutions 
        to produce the greatest impact;
            (6) to provide countries a robust alternative to state-directed 
        investments by authoritarian governments and United States strategic 
        competitors using best practices with respect to transparency and 
        environmental and social safeguards, and which take into account the 
        debt sustainability of partner countries;
            (7) to leverage private sector capabilities and innovative 
        development tools to help countries transition from recipients of 
        bilateral development assistance toward increased self-reliance; and
            (8) to complement and be guided by overall United States foreign 
        policy, development, and national security objectives, taking into 
        account the priorities and needs of countries receiving support.

SEC. 1412. UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the executive branch the United 
States International Development Finance Corporation (in this division referred 
to as the ``Corporation''), which shall be a wholly owned Government corporation 
for purposes of chapter 91 of title 31, United States Code, under the foreign 
policy guidance of the Secretary of State.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Corporation shall be to mobilize and 
facilitate the participation of private sector capital and skills in the 
economic development of less developed countries, as described in subsection 
(c), and countries in transition from nonmarket to market economies, in order to 
complement the development assistance objectives, and advance the foreign policy 
interests, of the United States. In carrying out its purpose, the Corporation, 
utilizing broad criteria, shall take into account in its financing operations 
the economic and financial soundness and development objectives of projects for 
which it provides support under title II.
    (c) Less Developed Country Focus.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall prioritize the provision of 
        support under title II in less developed countries with a low-income 
        economy or a lower-middle-income economy.
            (2) Support in upper-middle-income countries.--The Corporation shall 
        restrict the provision of support under title II in a less developed 
        country with an upper-middle-income economy unless--
                    (A) the President certifies to the appropriate congressional 
                committees that such support furthers the national economic or 
                foreign policy interests of the United States; and
                    (B) such support is designed to produce significant 
                developmental outcomes or provide developmental benefits to the 
                poorest population of that country.

SEC. 1413. MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATION.

    (a) Structure of Corporation.--There shall be in the Corporation a Board of 
Directors (in this division referred to as the ``Board''), a Chief Executive 
Officer, a Deputy Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Risk Officer, a Chief 
Development Officer, and such other officers as the Board may determine.
    (b) Board of Directors.--
            (1) Duties.--All powers of the Corporation shall vest in and be 
        exercised by or under the authority of the Board. The Board--
                    (A) shall perform the functions specified to be carried out 
                by the Board in this division;
                    (B) may prescribe, amend, and repeal bylaws, rules, 
                regulations, policies, and procedures governing the manner in 
                which the business of the Corporation may be conducted and in 
                which the powers granted to the Corporation by law may be 
                exercised; and
                    (C) shall develop, in consultation with stakeholders, other 
                interested parties, and the appropriate congressional 
                committees, a publicly available policy with respect to 
                consultations, hearings, and other forms of engagement in order 
                to provide for meaningful public participation in the Board's 
                activities.
            (2) Membership of board.--
                    (A) In general.--The Board shall consist of--
                            (i) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation;
                            (ii) the officers specified in subparagraph (B); and
                            (iii) four other individuals who shall be appointed 
                        by the President, by and with the advice and consent of 
                        the Senate, of which--
                                    (I) one individual should be appointed from 
                                among a list of at least 5 individuals submitted 
                                by the majority leader of the Senate after 
                                consultation with the chairman of the Committee 
                                on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                                    (II) one individual should be appointed from 
                                among a list of at least 5 individuals submitted 
                                by the minority leader of the Senate after 
                                consultation with the ranking member of the 
                                Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                                    (III) one individual should be appointed 
                                from among a list of at least 5 individuals 
                                submitted by the Speaker of the House of 
                                Representatives after consultation with the 
                                chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
                                the House of Representatives; and
                                    (IV) one individual should be appointed from 
                                among a list of at least 5 individuals submitted 
                                by the minority leader of the House of 
                                Representatives after consultation with the 
                                ranking member of the Committee on Foreign 
                                Affairs of the House of Representatives.
                    (B) Officers specified.--
                            (i) In general.--The officers specified in this 
                        subparagraph are the following:
                                    (I) The Secretary of State or a designee of 
                                the Secretary.
                                    (II) The Administrator of the United States 
                                Agency for International Development or a 
                                designee of the Administrator.
                                    (III) The Secretary of the Treasury or a 
                                designee of the Secretary.
                                    (IV) The Secretary of Commerce or a designee 
                                of the Secretary.
                            (ii) Requirements for designees.--A designee under 
                        clause (i) shall be selected from among officers--
                                    (I) appointed by the President, by and with 
                                the advice and consent of the Senate;
                                    (II) whose duties relate to the programs of 
                                the Corporation; and
                                    (III) who is designated by and serving at 
                                the pleasure of the President.
                    (C) Requirements for nongovernment members.--A member of the 
                Board described in subparagraph (A)(iii)--
                            (i) may not be an officer or employee of the United 
                        States Government;
                            (ii) shall have relevant experience, which may 
                        include experience relating to the private sector, the 
                        environment, labor organizations, or international 
                        development, to carry out the purpose of the 
                        Corporation;
                            (iii) shall be appointed for a term of 3 years and 
                        may be reappointed for one additional term;
                            (iv) shall serve until the member's successor is 
                        appointed and confirmed;
                            (v) shall be compensated at a rate equivalent to 
                        that of level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 
                        5315 of title 5, United States Code, when engaged in the 
                        business of the Corporation; and
                            (vi) may be paid per diem in lieu of subsistence at 
                        the applicable rate under the Federal Travel Regulation 
                        under subtitle F of title 41, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations, from time to time, while away from the home 
                        or usual place of business of the member.
            (3) Chairperson.--The Secretary of State, or the designee of the 
        Secretary under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(I), shall serve as the Chairperson 
        of the Board.
            (4) Vice chairperson.--The Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, or the designee of the Administrator 
        under paragraph (2)(B)(i)(II), shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of 
        the Board.
            (5) Quorum.--Five members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for 
        the transaction of business by the Board.
    (c) Public Hearings.--The Board shall hold at least 2 public hearings each 
year in order to afford an opportunity for any person to present views with 
respect to whether--
            (1) the Corporation is carrying out its activities in accordance 
        with this division; and
            (2) any support provided by the Corporation under title II in any 
        country should be suspended, expanded, or extended.
    (d) Chief Executive Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--There shall be in the Corporation a Chief 
        Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
        the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall serve at the 
        pleasure of the President.
            (2) Authorities and duties.--The Chief Executive Officer shall be 
        responsible for the management of the Corporation and shall exercise the 
        powers and discharge the duties of the Corporation subject to the 
        bylaws, rules, regulations, and procedures established by the Board.
            (3) Relationship to board.--The Chief Executive Officer shall report 
        to and be under the direct authority of the Board.
            (4) Compensation.--Section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, is 
        amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``Chief Executive Officer, United States International Development 
        Finance Corporation.''.
    (e) Deputy Chief Executive Officer.--There shall be in the Corporation a 
Deputy Chief Executive Officer, who shall be appointed by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall serve at the pleasure 
of the President.
    (f) Chief Risk Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the Chief 
        Executive Officer of the Corporation shall appoint a Chief Risk Officer, 
        from among individuals with experience at a senior level in financial 
        risk management, who--
                    (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                    (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Risk Officer shall, in coordination with the 
        audit committee of the Board established under section 1441, develop, 
        implement, and manage a comprehensive process for identifying, 
        assessing, monitoring, and limiting risks to the Corporation, including 
        the overall portfolio diversification of the Corporation.
    (g) Chief Development Officer.--
            (1) Appointment.--Subject to the approval of the Board, the Chief 
        Executive Officer, with the concurrence of the Administrator of the 
        United States Agency for International Development, shall appoint a 
        Chief Development Officer, from among individuals with experience in 
        development, who--
                    (A) shall report directly to the Board; and
                    (B) shall be removable only by a majority vote of the Board.
            (2) Duties.--The Chief Development Officer shall--
                    (A) coordinate the Corporation's development policies and 
                implementation efforts with the United States Agency for 
                International Development, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, 
                and other relevant United States Government departments and 
                agencies, including directly liaising with missions of the 
                United States Agency for International Development, to ensure 
                that departments, agencies, and missions have training, 
                awareness, and access to the Corporation's tools in relation to 
                development policy and projects in countries;
                    (B) under the guidance of the Chief Executive Officer, 
                manage employees of the Corporation that are dedicated to 
                structuring, monitoring, and evaluating transactions and 
                projects co-designed with the United States Agency for 
                International Development and other relevant United States 
                Government departments and agencies;
                    (C) authorize and coordinate transfers of funds or other 
                resources to and from such agencies, departments, or missions 
                upon the concurrence of those institutions in support of the 
                Corporation's projects or activities;
                    (D) manage the responsibilities of the Corporation under 
                paragraphs (1) and (4) of section 1442(b) and paragraphs (1)(A) 
                and (3)(A) of section 1443(b);
                    (E) coordinate and implement the activities of the 
                Corporation under section 1445; and
                    (F) be an ex officio member of the Development Advisory 
                Council established under subsection (i) and participate in or 
                send a representative to each meeting of the Council.
    (h) Officers and Employees.--
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this section, 
        officers, employees, and agents shall be selected and appointed by the 
        Corporation, and shall be vested with such powers and duties as the 
        Corporation may determine.
            (2) Administratively determined employees.--
                    (A) Appointment; compensation; removal.--Of officers and 
                employees employed by the Corporation under paragraph (1), not 
                more than 50 may be appointed, compensated, or removed without 
                regard to title 5, United States Code.
                    (B) Reinstatement.--Under such regulations as the President 
                may prescribe, officers and employees appointed to a position 
                under subparagraph (A) may be entitled, upon removal from such 
                position (unless the removal was for cause), to reinstatement to 
                the position occupied at the time of appointment or to a 
                position of comparable grade and salary.
                    (C) Additional positions.--Positions authorized by 
                subparagraph (A) shall be in addition to those otherwise 
                authorized by law, including positions authorized under section 
                5108 of title 5, United States Code.
                    (D) Rates of pay for officers and employees.--The 
                Corporation may set and adjust rates of basic pay for officers 
                and employees appointed under subparagraph (A) without regard to 
                the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53 of 
                title 5, United States Code, relating to classification of 
                positions and General Schedule pay rates, respectively.
            (3) Liability of employees.--
                    (A) In general.--An individual who is a member of the Board 
                or an officer or employee of the Corporation has no liability 
                under this division with respect to any claim arising out of or 
                resulting from any act or omission by the individual within the 
                scope of the employment of the individual in connection with any 
                transaction by the Corporation.
                    (B) Rule of construction.--Subparagraph (A) shall not be 
                construed to limit personal liability of an individual for 
                criminal acts or omissions, willful or malicious misconduct, 
                acts or omissions for private gain, or any other acts or 
                omissions outside the scope of the individual's employment.
                    (C) Conflicts of interest.--The Corporation shall establish 
                and publish procedures for avoiding conflicts of interest on the 
                part of officers and employees of the Corporation and members of 
                the Development Advisory Council established under subsection 
                (i).
                    (D) Savings provision.--This paragraph shall not be 
                construed--
                            (i) to affect--
                                    (I) any other immunities and protections 
                                that may be available to an individual described 
                                in subparagraph (A) under applicable law with 
                                respect to a transaction described in that 
                                subparagraph; or
                                    (II) any other right or remedy against the 
                                Corporation, against the United States under 
                                applicable law, or against any person other than 
                                an individual described in subparagraph (A) 
                                participating in such a transaction; or
                            (ii) to limit or alter in any way the immunities 
                        that are available under applicable law for Federal 
                        officers and employees not described in this paragraph.
    (i) Development Advisory Council.--
            (1) In general.--There is established a Development Advisory Council 
        (in this subsection referred to as the ``Council'') to advise the Board 
        on development objectives of the Corporation.
            (2) Membership.--Members of the Council shall be appointed by the 
        Board, on the recommendation of the Chief Executive Officer and the 
        Chief Development Officer, and shall be composed of not more than 9 
        members broadly representative of nongovernmental organizations, think 
        tanks, advocacy organizations, foundations, and other institutions 
        engaged in international development.
            (3) Functions.--The Board shall call upon members of the Council, 
        either collectively or individually, to advise the Board regarding the 
        extent to which the Corporation is meeting its development mandate and 
        any suggestions for improvements in with respect to meeting that 
        mandate, including opportunities in countries and project development 
        and implementation challenges and opportunities.
            (4) Federal advisory committee act.--The Council shall not be 
        subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.).

SEC. 1414. INSPECTOR GENERAL OF THE CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--Section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 
U.S.C. App.) is amended by inserting ``the United States International 
Development Finance Corporation,'' after ``the Smithsonian Institution,''.
    (b) Oversight Independence.--Section 8G(a)(4) of the Inspector General Act 
of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
        semicolon;
            (2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the semicolon and inserting ``; 
        and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(J) with respect to the United States International 
                Development Finance Corporation, such term means the Board of 
                Directors of the United States International Development Finance 
                Corporation;''.

SEC. 1415. INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM.

    (a) In General.--The Board shall establish a transparent and independent 
accountability mechanism.
    (b) Functions.--The independent accountability mechanism established 
pursuant to subsection (a) shall--
            (1) annually evaluate and report to the Board and Congress regarding 
        compliance with environmental, social, labor, human rights, and 
        transparency standards, consistent with Corporation statutory mandates;
            (2) provide a forum for resolving concerns regarding the impacts of 
        specific Corporation-supported projects with respect to such standards; 
        and
            (3) provide advice regarding Corporation projects, policies, and 
        practices.

                              TITLE II--AUTHORITIES

SEC. 1421. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO PROVISION OF SUPPORT.

    (a) In General.--The authorities in this title shall only be exercised to--
            (1) carry out of the policy of the United States in section 1411 and 
        the purpose of the Corporation in section 1412;
            (2) mitigate risks to United States taxpayers by sharing risks with 
        the private sector and qualifying sovereign entities through co-
        financing and structuring of tools; and
            (3) ensure that support provided under this title is additional to 
        private sector resources by mobilizing private capital that would 
        otherwise not be deployed without such support.
    (b) Lending and Guaranties.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may make loans or guaranties upon 
        such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Loans and guaranties issued under paragraph (1) 
        may be denominated and repayable in United States dollars or foreign 
        currencies. Foreign currency denominated loans and guaranties should 
        only be provided if the Board determines there is a substantive policy 
        rationale for such loans and guaranties.
            (3) Applicability of federal credit reform act of 1990.--Loans and 
        guaranties issued under paragraph (1) shall be subject to the 
        requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 et 
        seq.).
    (c) Equity Investments.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, as a minority investor, 
        support projects with funds or use other mechanisms for the purpose of 
        purchasing, and may make and fund commitments to purchase, invest in, 
        make pledges in respect of, or otherwise acquire, equity or quasi-equity 
        securities or shares or financial interests of any entity, including as 
        a limited partner or other investor in investment funds, upon such terms 
        and conditions as the Corporation may determine.
            (2) Denomination.--Support provided under paragraph (1) may be 
        denominated and repayable in United States dollars or foreign currency. 
        Foreign currency denominated support provided by paragraph (1) should 
        only be provided if the Board determines there is a substantive policy 
        rationale for such support.
            (3) Guidelines and criteria.--The Corporation shall develop 
        guidelines and criteria to require that the use of the authority 
        provided by paragraph (1) with respect to a project has a clearly 
        defined development and foreign policy purpose, taking into account the 
        following objectives:
                    (A) The support for the project would be more likely than 
                not to substantially reduce or overcome the effect of an 
                identified market failure in the country in which the project is 
                carried out.
                    (B) The project would not have proceeded or would have been 
                substantially delayed without the support.
                    (C) The support would meaningfully contribute to 
                transforming local conditions to promote the development of 
                markets.
                    (D) The support can be shown to be aligned with commercial 
                partner incentives.
                    (E) The support can be shown to have significant 
                developmental impact and will contribute to long-term commercial 
                sustainability.
                    (F) The support furthers the policy of the United States 
                described in section 1411.
            (4) Limitations on equity investments.--
                    (A) Per project limit.--The aggregate amount of support 
                provided under this subsection with respect to any project shall 
                not exceed 30 percent of the aggregate amount of all equity 
                investment made to the project at the time that the Corporation 
                approves support of the project.
                    (B) Total limit.--Support provided pursuant to this 
                subsection shall be limited to not more than 35 percent of the 
                Corporation's aggregate exposure on the date that such support 
                is provided.
            (5) Sales and liquidation of position.--The Corporation shall seek 
        to sell and liquidate any support for a project provided under this 
        subsection as soon as commercially feasible, commensurate with other 
        similar investors in the project and taking into consideration the 
        national security interests of the United States.
            (6) Timetable.--The Corporation shall create a project-specific 
        timetable for support provided under paragraph (1).
    (d) Insurance and Reinsurance.--The Corporation may issue insurance or 
reinsurance, upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may determine, to 
private sector entities and qualifying sovereign entities assuring protection of 
their investments in whole or in part against any or all political risks such as 
currency inconvertibility and transfer restrictions, expropriation, war, 
terrorism, civil disturbance, breach of contract, or nonhonoring of financial 
obligations.
    (e) Promotion of and Support for Private Investment Opportunities.--
            (1) In general.--In order to carry out the purpose of the 
        Corporation described in section 1412(b), the Corporation may initiate 
        and support, through financial participation, incentive grant, or 
        otherwise, and on such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
        determine, feasibility studies for the planning, development, and 
        management of, and procurement for, potential bilateral and multilateral 
        development projects eligible for support under this title, including 
        training activities undertaken in connection with such projects, for the 
        purpose of promoting investment in such projects and the identification, 
        assessment, surveying, and promotion of private investment 
        opportunities, utilizing wherever feasible and effective, the facilities 
        of private investors.
            (2) Contributions to costs.--The Corporation shall, to the maximum 
        extent practicable, require any person receiving funds under the 
        authorities of this subsection to--
                    (A) share the costs of feasibility studies and other project 
                planning services funded under this subsection; and
                    (B) reimburse the Corporation those funds provided under 
                this section, if the person succeeds in project implementation.
    (f) Special Projects and Programs.--The Corporation may administer and 
manage special projects and programs in support of specific transactions 
undertaken by the Corporation, including programs of financial and advisory 
support that provide private technical, professional, or managerial assistance 
in the development of human resources, skills, technology, capital savings, or 
intermediate financial and investment institutions or cooperatives, and 
including the initiation of incentives, grants, or studies for energy, women's 
economic empowerment, microenterprise households, or other small business 
activities.
    (g) Enterprise Funds.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may, following consultation with 
        the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, and the heads of other relevant 
        departments or agencies, establish and operate enterprise funds in 
        accordance with this subsection.
            (2) Private character of funds.--Nothing in this section shall be 
        construed to make an enterprise fund an agency or establishment of the 
        United States Government, or to make the officers, employees, or members 
        of the Board of Directors of an enterprise fund officers or employees of 
        the United States for purposes of title 5, United States Code.
            (3) Purposes for which support may be provided.--The Corporation, 
        subject to the approval of the Board, may designate private, nonprofit 
        organizations as eligible to receive support under this title for the 
        following purposes:
                    (A) To promote development of economic freedom and private 
                sectors, including small- and medium-sized enterprises and joint 
                ventures with the United States and host country participants.
                    (B) To facilitate access to credit to small- and medium-
                sized enterprises with sound business plans in countries where 
                there is limited means of accessing credit on market terms.
                    (C) To promote policies and practices conducive to economic 
                freedom and private sector development.
                    (D) To attract foreign direct investment capital to further 
                promote private sector development and economic freedom.
                    (E) To complement the work of the United States Agency for 
                International Development and other donors to improve the 
                overall business-enabling environment, financing the creation 
                and expansion of the private business sector.
                    (F) To make financially sustainable investments designed to 
                generate measurable social benefits and build technical capacity 
                in addition to financial returns.
            (4) Operation of funds.--
                    (A) Expenditures.--Funds made available to an enterprise 
                fund shall be expended at the minimum rate necessary to make 
                timely payments for projects and activities carried out under 
                this subsection.
                    (B) Administrative expenses.--Not more than 3 percent per 
                annum of the funds made available to an enterprise fund may be 
                obligated or expended for the administrative expenses of the 
                enterprise fund.
            (5) Board of directors.--Each enterprise fund established under this 
        subsection should be governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 
        private citizens of the United States or the host country, who--
                    (A) shall be appointed by the President after consultation 
                with the chairmen and ranking members of the appropriate 
                congressional committees; and
                    (B) have pursued careers in international business and have 
                demonstrated expertise in international and emerging market 
                investment activities.
            (6) Majority member requirement.--The majority of the members of the 
        Board of Directors shall be United States citizens who shall have 
        relevant experience relating to the purposes described in paragraph (3).
            (7) Reports.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
        establishment of an enterprise fund under this subsection, and annually 
        thereafter until the enterprise fund terminates in accordance with 
        paragraph (10), the Board of Directors of the enterprise fund shall--
                    (A) submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
                report--
                            (i) detailing the administrative expenses of the 
                        enterprise fund during the year preceding the submission 
                        of the report;
                            (ii) describing the operations, activities, 
                        engagement with civil society and relevant local private 
                        sector entities, development objectives and outcomes, 
                        financial condition, and accomplishments of the 
                        enterprise fund during that year;
                            (iii) describing the results of any audit conducted 
                        under paragraph (8); and
                            (iv) describing how audits conducted under paragraph 
                        (8) are informing the operations and activities of the 
                        enterprise fund; and
                    (B) publish, on a publicly available internet website of the 
                enterprise fund, each report required by subparagraph (A).
            (8) Oversight.--
                    (A) Inspector general performance audits.--
                            (i) In general.--The Inspector General of the 
                        Corporation shall conduct periodic audits of the 
                        activities of each enterprise fund established under 
                        this subsection.
                            (ii) Consideration.--In conducting an audit under 
                        clause (i), the Inspector General shall assess whether 
                        the activities of the enterprise fund--
                                    (I) support the purposes described in 
                                paragraph (3);
                                    (II) result in profitable private sector 
                                investing; and
                                    (III) generate measurable social benefits.
                    (B) Recordkeeping requirements.--The Corporation shall 
                ensure that each enterprise fund receiving support under this 
                subsection--
                            (i) keeps separate accounts with respect to such 
                        support; and
                            (ii) maintains such records as may be reasonably 
                        necessary to facilitate effective audits under this 
                        paragraph.
            (9) Return of funds to treasury.--Any funds resulting from any 
        liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of an enterprise fund, in whole 
        or in part, shall be returned to the Treasury of the United States.
            (10) Termination.--The authority of an enterprise fund to provide 
        support under this subsection shall terminate on the earlier of--
                    (A) the date that is 10 years after the date of the first 
                expenditure of amounts from the enterprise fund; or
                    (B) the date on which the enterprise fund is liquidated.
    (h) Supervision of Support.--Support provided under this title shall be 
subject to section 622(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2382(c)).
    (i) Small Business Development.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall undertake, in cooperation 
        with appropriate departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the 
        United States as well as private entities and others, to broaden the 
        participation of United States small businesses and cooperatives and 
        other small United States investors in the development of small private 
        enterprise in less developed friendly countries or areas.
            (2) Outreach to minority-owned and women-owned businesses.--
                    (A) In general.--The Corporation shall collect data on the 
                involvement of minority- and women-owned businesses in projects 
                supported by the Corporation, including--
                            (i) the amount of insurance and financing provided 
                        by the Corporation to such businesses in connection with 
                        projects supported by the Corporation; and
                            (ii) to the extent such information is available, 
                        the involvement of such businesses in procurement 
                        activities conducted or supported by the Corporation.
                    (B) Inclusion in annual report.--The Corporation shall 
                include, in its annual report submitted to Congress under 
                section 1443, the aggregate data collected under this paragraph, 
                in such form as to quantify the effectiveness of the 
                Corporation's outreach activities to minority- and women-owned 
                businesses.

SEC. 1422. TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), support provided by 
the Corporation under this title shall be on such terms and conditions as the 
Corporation may prescribe.
    (b) Requirements.--The following requirements apply to support provided by 
the Corporation under this title:
            (1) The Corporation shall provide support using authorities under 
        this title only if it is necessary--
                    (A) to alleviate a credit market imperfection; or
                    (B) to achieve specified development or foreign policy 
                objectives of the United States Government by providing support 
                in the most efficient way to meet those objectives on a case-by-
                case basis.
            (2) The final maturity of a loan made or guaranteed by the 
        Corporation shall not exceed the lesser of--
                    (A) 25 years; or
                    (B) debt servicing capabilities of the project to be 
                financed by the loan (as determined by the Corporation).
            (3) The Corporation shall, with respect to providing any loan 
        guaranty to a project, require the parties to the project to bear the 
        risk of loss in an amount equal to at least 20 percent of the guaranteed 
        support by the Corporation in the project.
            (4) The Corporation may not make or guarantee a loan unless the 
        Corporation determines that the borrower or lender is responsible and 
        that adequate provision is made for servicing the loan on reasonable 
        terms and protecting the financial interest of the United States.
            (5) The interest rate for direct loans and interest supplements on 
        guaranteed loans shall be set by reference to a benchmark interest rate 
        (yield) on marketable Treasury securities or other widely recognized or 
        appropriate benchmarks with a similar maturity to the loans being made 
        or guaranteed, as determined in consultation with the Director of the 
        Office of Management and Budget and the Secretary of the Treasury. The 
        Corporation shall establish appropriate minimum interest rates for 
        loans, guaranties, and other instruments as necessary.
            (6) The minimum interest rate for new loans as established by the 
        Corporation shall be adjusted periodically to take account of changes in 
        the interest rate of the benchmark financial instrument.
            (7)(A) The Corporation shall set fees or premiums for support 
        provided under this title at levels that minimize the cost to the 
        Government while supporting achievement of the objectives of support.
            (B) The Corporation shall review fees for loan guaranties 
        periodically to ensure that the fees assessed on new loan guaranties are 
        at a level sufficient to cover the Corporation's most recent estimates 
        of its costs.
            (8) Any loan guaranty provided by the Corporation shall be 
        conclusive evidence that--
                    (A) the guaranty has been properly obtained;
                    (B) the loan qualified for the guaranty; and
                    (C) but for fraud or material misrepresentation by the 
                holder of the guaranty, the guaranty is presumed to be valid, 
                legal, and enforceable.
            (9) The Corporation shall prescribe explicit standards for use in 
        periodically assessing the credit risk of new and existing direct loans 
        or guaranteed loans.
            (10) The Corporation may not make loans or loan guaranties except to 
        the extent that budget authority to cover the costs of the loans or 
        guaranties is provided in advance in an appropriations Act, as required 
        by section 504 of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c).
            (11) The Corporation shall rely upon specific standards to assess 
        the developmental and strategic value of projects for which it provides 
        support and should only provide the minimum level of support necessary 
        in order to support such projects.
            (12) Any loan or loan guaranty made by the Corporation should be 
        provided on a senior basis or pari passu with other senior debt unless 
        there is a substantive policy rationale to provide such support 
        otherwise.

SEC. 1423. PAYMENT OF LOSSES.

    (a) Payments for Defaults on Guaranteed Loans.--
            (1) In general.--If the Corporation determines that the holder of a 
        loan guaranteed by the Corporation suffers a loss as a result of a 
        default by a borrower on the loan, the Corporation shall pay to the 
        holder the percent of the loss, as specified in the guaranty contract, 
        after the holder of the loan has made such further collection efforts 
        and instituted such enforcement proceedings as the Corporation may 
        require.
            (2) Subrogation.--Upon making a payment described in paragraph (1), 
        the Corporation shall ensure the Corporation will be subrogated to all 
        the rights of the recipient of the payment.
            (3) Recovery efforts.--The Corporation shall pursue recovery from 
        the borrower of the amount of any payment made under paragraph (1) with 
        respect to the loan.
    (b) Limitation on Payments.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), compensation 
        for insurance, reinsurance, or a guaranty issued under this title shall 
        not exceed the dollar value of the tangible or intangible contributions 
        or commitments made in the project, plus interest, earnings, or profits 
        actually accrued on such contributions or commitments, to the extent 
        provided by such insurance, reinsurance, or guaranty.
            (2) Exception.--
                    (A) In general.--The Corporation may provide that--
                            (i) appropriate adjustments in the insured dollar 
                        value be made to reflect the replacement cost of project 
                        assets; and
                            (ii) compensation for a claim of loss under 
                        insurance of an equity investment under section 1421 may 
                        be computed on the basis of the net book value 
                        attributable to the equity investment on the date of 
                        loss.
            (3) Additional limitation.--
                    (A) In general.--Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A)(ii) and 
                except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Corporation shall 
                limit the amount of direct insurance and reinsurance issued 
                under section 1421 with respect to a project so as to require 
                that the insured and its affiliates bear the risk of loss for at 
                least 10 percent of the amount of the Corporation's exposure to 
                that insured and its affiliates in the project.
                    (B) Exception.--The limitation under subparagraph (A) shall 
                not apply to direct insurance or reinsurance of loans provided 
                by banks or other financial institutions to unrelated parties.
    (c) Actions by Attorney General.--The Attorney General shall take such 
action as may be appropriate to enforce any right accruing to the United States 
as a result of the issuance of any loan or guaranty under this title.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
preclude any forbearance for the benefit of a borrower that may be agreed upon 
by the parties to a loan guaranteed by the Corporation if budget authority for 
any resulting costs to the United States Government (as defined in section 502 
of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a)) is available.

SEC. 1424. TERMINATION.

    (a) In General.--The authorities provided under this title terminate on the 
date that is 7 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Termination of Corporation.--The Corporation shall terminate on the date 
on which the portfolio of the Corporation is liquidated.

                TITLE III--ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1431. OPERATIONS.

    (a) Bilateral Agreements.--The Corporation may provide support under title 
II in connection with projects in any country the government of which has 
entered into an agreement with the United States authorizing the Corporation to 
provide such support in that country.
    (b) Claims Settlement.--
            (1) In general.--Claims arising as a result of support provided 
        under title II or under predecessor authority may be settled, and 
        disputes arising as a result thereof may be arbitrated with the consent 
        of the parties, on such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
        determine.
            (2) Settlements conclusive.--Payment made pursuant to any settlement 
        pursuant to paragraph (1), or as a result of an arbitration award, shall 
        be final and conclusive notwithstanding any other provision of law.
    (c) Presumption of Compliance.--Each contract executed by such officer or 
officers as may be designated by the Board shall be conclusively presumed to be 
issued in compliance with the requirements of this division.
    (d) Electronic Payments and Documents.--The Corporation shall implement 
policies to accept electronic documents and electronic payments in all of its 
programs.

SEC. 1432. CORPORATE POWERS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation--
            (1) may adopt, alter, and use a seal, to include an identifiable 
        symbol of the United States;
            (2) may make and perform such contracts, including no-cost contracts 
        (as defined by the Corporation), grants, and other agreements 
        notwithstanding division C of subtitle I of title 41, United States 
        Code, with any person or government however designated and wherever 
        situated, as may be necessary for carrying out the functions of the 
        Corporation;
            (3) may lease, purchase, or otherwise acquire, improve, and use such 
        real property wherever situated, as may be necessary for carrying out 
        the functions of the Corporation, except that, if the real property is 
        for the Corporation's own occupancy, the lease, purchase, acquisition, 
        improvement, or use of the real property shall be entered into or 
        conducted in consultation with the Administrator of General Services;
            (4) may accept cash gifts or donations of services or of property 
        (real, personal, or mixed), tangible or intangible, for the purpose of 
        carrying out the functions of the Corporation;
            (5) may use the United States mails in the same manner and on the 
        same conditions as the Executive departments (as defined in section 101 
        of title 5, United States Code);
            (6) may contract with individuals for personal services, who shall 
        not be considered Federal employees for any provision of law 
        administered by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;
            (7) may hire or obtain passenger motor vehicles;
            (8) may sue and be sued in its corporate name;
            (9) may acquire, hold, or dispose of, upon such terms and conditions 
        as the Corporation may determine, any property, real, personal, or 
        mixed, tangible or intangible, or any interest in such property, except 
        that, in the case of real property that is for the Corporation's own 
        occupancy, the acquisition, holding, or disposition of the real property 
        shall be conducted in consultation with the Administrator of General 
        Services;
            (10) may lease office space for the Corporation's own use, with the 
        obligation of amounts for such lease limited to the current fiscal year 
        for which payments are due until the expiration of the current lease 
        under predecessor authority, as of the day before the date of the 
        enactment of this Act;
            (11) may indemnify directors, officers, employees, and agents of the 
        Corporation for liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with 
        their activities on behalf of the Corporation;
            (12) notwithstanding any other provision of law, may represent 
        itself or contract for representation in any legal or arbitral 
        proceeding;
            (13) may exercise any priority of the Government of the United 
        States in collecting debts from bankrupt, insolvent, or decedents' 
        estates;
            (14) may collect, notwithstanding section 3711(g)(1) of title 31, 
        United States Code, or compromise any obligations assigned to or held by 
        the Corporation, including any legal or equitable rights accruing to the 
        Corporation;
            (15) may make arrangements with foreign governments (including 
        agencies, instrumentalities, or political subdivisions of such 
        governments) or with multilateral organizations or institutions for 
        sharing liabilities;
            (16) may sell direct investments of the Corporation to private 
        investors upon such terms and conditions as the Corporation may 
        determine; and
            (17) shall have such other powers as may be necessary and incident 
        to carrying out the functions of the Corporation.
    (b) Treatment of Property.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law 
relating to the acquisition, handling, or disposal of property by the United 
States, the Corporation shall have the right in its discretion to complete, 
recondition, reconstruct, renovate, repair, maintain, operate, or sell any 
property acquired by the Corporation pursuant to the provisions of this 
division, except that, in the case of real property that is for the 
Corporation's own occupancy, the completion, reconditioning, reconstruction, 
renovation, repair, maintenance, operation, or sale of the real property shall 
be conducted in consultation with the Administrator of General Services.

SEC. 1433. MAXIMUM CONTINGENT LIABILITY.

    The maximum contingent liability of the Corporation outstanding at any one 
time shall not exceed in the aggregate $60,000,000,000.

SEC. 1434. CORPORATE FUNDS.

    (a) Corporate Capital Account.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
United States a fund to be known as the ``Corporate Capital Account'' to carry 
out the purposes of the Corporation.
    (b) Funding.--The Corporate Capital Account shall consist of--
            (1) fees charged and collected pursuant to subsection (c);
            (2) any amounts received pursuant to subsection (e);
            (3) investments and returns on such investments pursuant to 
        subsection (g);
            (4) unexpended balances transferred to the Corporation pursuant to 
        subsection (i);
            (5) payments received in connection with settlements of all 
        insurance and reinsurance claims of the Corporation; and
            (6) all other collections transferred to or earned by the 
        Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the 
        Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661a), of loans and loan 
        guaranties.
    (c) Fee Authority.--Fees may be charged and collected for providing services 
in amounts to be determined by the Corporation.
    (d) Uses.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to Acts making appropriations, the 
        Corporation is authorized to pay--
                    (A) the cost, as defined in section 502 of the Federal 
                Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties;
                    (B) administrative expenses of the Corporation;
                    (C) for the cost of providing support authorized by 
                subsections (c), (e), (f), and (g) of section 1421;
                    (D) project-specific transaction costs.
            (2) Income and revenue.--In order to carry out the purposes of the 
        Corporation, all collections transferred to or earned by the 
        Corporation, excluding the cost, as defined in section 502 of the 
        Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, of loans and loan guaranties, shall 
        be deposited into the Corporate Capital Account and shall be available 
        to carry out its purpose, including without limitation--
                    (A) payment of all insurance and reinsurance claims of the 
                Corporation;
                    (B) repayments to the Treasury of amounts borrowed under 
                subsection (e); and
                    (C) dividend payments to the Treasury under subsection (f).
    (e) Full Faith and Credit.--
            (1) In general.--All support provided pursuant to predecessor 
        authorities or title II shall continue to constitute obligations of the 
        United States, and the full faith and credit of the United States is 
        hereby pledged for the full payment and performance of such obligations.
            (2) Authority to borrow.--The Corporation is authorized to borrow 
        from the Treasury such sums as may be necessary to fulfill such 
        obligations of the United States and any such borrowing shall be at a 
        rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into 
        consideration the current average market yields on outstanding 
        marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities, 
        for a period jointly determined by the Corporation and the Secretary, 
        and subject to such terms and conditions as the Secretary may require.
    (f) Dividends.--The Board, in consultation with the Director of the Office 
of Management and Budget, shall annually assess a dividend payment to the 
Treasury if the Corporation's insurance portfolio is more than 100 percent 
reserved.
    (g) Investment Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation may request the Secretary of the 
        Treasury to invest such portion of the Corporate Capital Account as is 
        not, in the Corporation's judgment, required to meet the current needs 
        of the Corporate Capital Account.
            (2) Form of investments.--Such investments shall be made by the 
        Secretary of the Treasury in public debt obligations, with maturities 
        suitable to the needs of the Corporate Capital Account, as determined by 
        the Corporation, and bearing interest at rates determined by the 
        Secretary, taking into consideration current market yields on 
        outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable 
        maturities.
    (h) Collections.--Interest earnings made pursuant to subsection (g), 
earnings collected related to equity investments, and amounts, excluding fees 
related to insurance or reinsurance, collected pursuant to subsection (c), shall 
not be collected for any fiscal year except to the extent provided in advance in 
appropriations Acts.
    (i) Transfer From Predecessor Agencies and Programs.--By the end of the 
transition period described in title VI, the unexpended balances, assets, and 
responsibilities of any agency specified in the plan required by section 1462 
shall be transferred to the Corporation.
    (j) Transfer of Funds.--In order to carry out this division, funds 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) may be transferred to the Corporation and funds 
authorized to be appropriated to the Corporation may be transferred to the 
Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development.
    (k) Definition.--In this section, the term ``project-specific transaction 
costs''--
            (1) means those costs incurred by the Corporation for travel, legal 
        expenses, and direct and indirect costs incurred in claims settlements 
        associated with the provision of support under title II and shall not be 
        considered administrative expenses for the purposes of this section; and
            (2) does not include information technology (as such term is defined 
        in section 11101 of title 40, United States Code).

SEC. 1435. COORDINATION WITH OTHER DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Corporation should use relevant data of 
the Department of State, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States 
Agency for International Development, and other departments and agencies that 
have development functions to better inform the decisions of the Corporation 
with respect to providing support under title II.

                 TITLE IV--MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND REPORTING

SEC. 1441. ESTABLISHMENT OF RISK AND AUDIT COMMITTEES.

    (a) In General.--To assist the Board to fulfill its duties and 
responsibilities under section 1421(a), the Corporation shall establish a risk 
committee and an audit committee.
    (b) Duties and Responsibilities of Risk Committee.--Subject to the direction 
of the Board, the risk committee established under subsection (a) shall have 
oversight responsibility of--
            (1) formulating risk management policies of the operations of the 
        Corporation;
            (2) reviewing and providing guidance on operation of the 
        Corporation's global risk management framework;
            (3) developing policies for enterprise risk management, monitoring, 
        and management of strategic, reputational, regulatory, operational, 
        developmental, environmental, social, and financial risks;
            (4) developing the risk profile of the Corporation, including a risk 
        management and compliance framework and governance structure to support 
        such framework; and
            (5) developing policies and procedures for assessing, prior to 
        providing, and for any period during which the Corporation provides, 
        support to any foreign entities, whether such entities have in place 
        sufficient enhanced due diligence policies and practices to prevent 
        money laundering and corruption to ensure the Corporation does not 
        provide support to persons that are--
                    (A) knowingly engaging in acts of corruption;
                    (B) knowingly providing material or financial support for 
                terrorism, drug trafficking, or human trafficking; or
                    (C) responsible for ordering or otherwise directing serious 
                or gross violations of human rights.
    (c) Duties and Responsibilities of Audit Committee.--Subject to the 
direction of the Board, the audit committee established under subsection (a) 
shall have the oversight responsibility of--
            (1) the integrity of the Corporation's financial reporting and 
        systems of internal controls regarding finance and accounting;
            (2) the integrity of the Corporation's financial statements;
            (3) the performance of the Corporation's internal audit function; 
        and
            (4) compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related to the 
        finances of the Corporation.

SEC. 1442. PERFORMANCE MEASURES, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation shall develop a performance measurement 
system to evaluate and monitor projects supported by the Corporation under title 
II and to guide future projects of the Corporation.
    (b) Considerations.--In developing the performance measurement system 
required by subsection (a), the Corporation shall--
            (1) develop a successor for the development impact measurement 
        system of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (as such system 
        was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act);
            (2) develop a mechanism for ensuring that support provided by the 
        Corporation under title II is in addition to private investment;
            (3) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, appropriate 
        financial performance of the Corporation's portfolio; and
            (4) develop standards for, and a method for ensuring, appropriate 
        development performance of the Corporation's portfolio, including--
                    (A) measurement of the projected and ex post development 
                impact of a project; and
                    (B) the information necessary to comply with section 1443.
    (c) Public Availability of Certain Information.--The Corporation shall make 
available to the public on a regular basis information about support provided by 
the Corporation under title II and performance metrics about such support on a 
country-by-country basis.
    (d) Consultation.--In developing the performance measurement system required 
by subsection (a), the Corporation shall consult with the Development Advisory 
Council established under section 1413(i) and other stakeholders and interested 
parties engaged in sustainable economic growth and development.

SEC. 1443. ANNUAL REPORT.

    (a) In General.--After the end of each fiscal year, the Corporation shall 
submit to the appropriate congressional committees a complete and detailed 
report of its operations during that fiscal year, including an assessment of--
            (1) the economic and social development impact, including with 
        respect to matters described in subsections (d), (e), and (f) of section 
        1451, of projects supported by the Corporation under title II;
            (2) the extent to which the operations of the Corporation complement 
        or are compatible with the development assistance programs of the United 
        States and qualifying sovereign entities;
            (3) the Corporation's institutional linkages with other relevant 
        United States Government department and agencies, including efforts to 
        strengthen such linkages; and
            (4) the compliance of projects supported by the Corporation under 
        title II with human rights, environmental, labor, and social policies, 
        or other such related policies that govern the Corporation's support for 
        projects, promulgated or otherwise administered by the Corporation.
    (b) Elements.--Each annual report required by subsection (a) shall include 
analyses of the effects of projects supported by the Corporation under title II, 
including--
            (1) reviews and analyses of--
                    (A) the desired development outcomes for projects and 
                whether or not the Corporation is meeting the associated 
                metrics, goals, and development objectives, including, to the 
                extent practicable, in the years after conclusion of projects; 
                and
                    (B) the effect of the Corporation's support on access to 
                capital and ways in which the Corporation is addressing 
                identifiable market gaps or inefficiencies and what impact, if 
                any, such support has on access to credit for a specific 
                project, country, or sector;
            (2) an explanation of any partnership arrangement or cooperation 
        with a qualifying sovereign entity in support of each project;
            (3) projections of--
                    (A) development outcomes, and whether or not support for 
                projects are meeting the associated performance measures, both 
                during the start-up phase and over the duration of the support, 
                and to the extent practicable, measures of such development 
                outcomes should be on a gender-disaggregated basis, such as 
                changes in employment, access to financial services, enterprise 
                development and growth, and composition of executive boards and 
                senior leadership of enterprises receiving support under title 
                II; and
                    (B) the value of private sector assets brought to bear 
                relative to the amount of support provided by the Corporation 
                and the value of any other public sector support; and
            (4) an assessment of the extent to which lessons learned from the 
        monitoring and evaluation activities of the Corporation, and from annual 
        reports from previous years compiled by the Corporation, have been 
        applied to projects.

SEC. 1444. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE PROJECT INFORMATION.

    The Corporation shall--
            (1) maintain a user-friendly, publicly available, machine-readable 
        database with detailed project-level information, as appropriate and to 
        the extent practicable, including a description of the support provided 
        by the Corporation under title II, including, to the extent feasible, 
        the information included in the report to Congress under section 1443 
        and project-level performance metrics; and
            (2) include a clear link to information about each project supported 
        by the Corporation under title II on the internet website of the 
        Department of State, ``ForeignAssistance.gov'', or a successor website 
        or other online publication.

SEC. 1445. ENGAGEMENT WITH INVESTORS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation, acting through the Chief Development 
Officer, shall, in cooperation with the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development--
            (1) develop a strategic relationship with private sector entities 
        focused at the nexus of business opportunities and development 
        priorities;
            (2) engage such entities and reduce business risks primarily through 
        direct transaction support and facilitating investment partnerships;
            (3) develop and support tools, approaches, and intermediaries that 
        can mobilize private finance at scale in the developing world;
            (4) pursue highly developmental projects of all sizes, especially 
        those that are small but designed for work in the most underdeveloped 
        areas, including countries with chronic suffering as a result of extreme 
        poverty, fragile institutions, or a history of violence; and
            (5) pursue projects consistent with the policy of the United States 
        described in section 1411 and the Joint Strategic Plan and the Mission 
        Country Development Cooperation Strategies of the United States Agency 
        for International Development.
    (b) Assistance.--To achieve the goals described in subsection (a), the 
Corporation shall--
            (1) develop risk mitigation tools;
            (2) provide transaction structuring support for blended finance 
        models;
            (3) support intermediaries linking capital supply and demand;
            (4) coordinate with other Federal agencies to support or accelerate 
        transactions;
            (5) convene financial, donor, civil society, and public sector 
        partners around opportunities for private finance within development 
        priorities;
            (6) offer strategic planning and programming assistance to catalyze 
        investment into priority sectors;
            (7) provide transaction structuring support;
            (8) deliver training and knowledge management tools for engaging 
        private investors;
            (9) partner with private sector entities that provide access to 
        capital and expertise; and
            (10) identify and screen new investment partners.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--The Corporation shall coordinate with the United 
States Agency for International Development and other agencies and departments, 
as necessary, on projects and programs supported by the Corporation that include 
technical assistance.

SEC. 1446. NOTIFICATIONS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CORPORATION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 15 days prior to the Corporation making a 
financial commitment associated with the provision of support under title II in 
an amount in excess of $10,000,000, the Chief Executive Officer of the 
Corporation shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report in 
writing that contains the information required by subsection (b).
    (b) Information Required.--The information required by this subsection 
includes--
            (1) the amount of each such financial commitment;
            (2) an identification of the recipient or beneficiary; and
            (3) a description of the project, activity, or asset and the 
        development goal or purpose to be achieved by providing support by the 
        Corporation.
    (c) Bilateral Agreements.--The Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation 
shall notify the appropriate congressional committees not later than 30 days 
after entering into a new bilateral agreement described in section 1431(a).

               TITLE V--CONDITIONS, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS

SEC. 1451. LIMITATIONS AND PREFERENCES.

    (a) Limitation on Support for Single Entity.--No entity receiving support 
from the Corporation under title II may receive more than an amount equal to 5 
percent of the Corporation's maximum contingent liability authorized under 
section 1433.
    (b) Preference for Support for Projects Sponsored by United States 
Persons.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
        consideration to projects sponsored by or involving private sector 
        entities that are United States persons.
            (2) United states person defined.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``United States person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen; or
                    (B) an entity owned or controlled by an individual or 
                individuals described in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Preference for Support in Countries in Compliance With International 
Trade Obligations.--
            (1) Consultations with united states trade representative.--Not less 
        frequently than annually, the Corporation shall consult with the United 
        States Trade Representative with respect to the status of countries 
        eligible to receive support from the Corporation under title II and the 
        compliance of those countries with their international trade 
        obligations.
            (2) Preferential consideration.--The Corporation shall give 
        preferential consideration to providing support under title II for 
        projects in countries in compliance with or making substantial progress 
        coming into compliance with their international trade obligations.
    (d) Worker Rights.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation shall only support projects under 
        title II in countries that are taking steps to adopt and implement laws 
        that extend internationally recognized worker rights (as defined in 
        section 507 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467)) to workers in 
        that country, including any designated zone in that country.
            (2) Required contract language.--The Corporation shall also include 
        the following language, in substantially the following form, in all 
        contracts which the Corporation enters into with persons receiving 
        support under title II: ``The person receiving support agrees not to 
        take actions to prevent employees of the foreign enterprise from 
        lawfully exercising their right of association and their right to 
        organize and bargain collectively. The person further agrees to observe 
        applicable laws relating to a minimum age for employment of children, 
        acceptable conditions of work with respect to minimum wages, hours of 
        work, and occupational health and safety, and not to use forced labor or 
        the worst forms of child labor (as defined in section 507 of the Trade 
        Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2467)). The person is not responsible under this 
        paragraph for the actions of a foreign government.''.
    (e) Impact Notification.--The Board shall not vote in favor of any project 
proposed to be supported by the Corporation under title II that is likely to 
have significant adverse environmental or social impacts that are sensitive, 
diverse, or unprecedented, unless--
            (1) at least 60 days before the date of the vote, an environmental 
        and social impact assessment or initial environmental and social audit, 
        analyzing the environmental and social impacts of the proposed project 
        and of alternatives to the proposed project, including mitigation 
        measures, is completed;
            (2) such assessment or audit has been made available to the public 
        of the United States, locally affected groups in the country in which 
        the project will be carried out, and nongovernmental organizations in 
        that country; and
            (3) the Corporation, applying best practices with respect to 
        environmental and social safeguards, includes in any contract relating 
        to the project provisions to ensure the mitigation of any such adverse 
        environmental or social impacts.
    (f) Women's Economic Empowerment.--In utilizing its authorities under title 
II, the Corporation shall consider the impacts of its support on women's 
economic opportunities and outcomes and shall prioritize the reduction of gender 
gaps and maximize development impact by working to improve women's economic 
opportunities.
    (g) Preference for Provision of Support in Countries Embracing Private 
Enterprise.--
            (1) In general.--The Corporation should give preferential 
        consideration to projects for which support under title II may be 
        provided in countries the governments of which have demonstrated 
        consistent support for economic policies that promote the development of 
        private enterprise, both domestic and foreign, and maintaining the 
        conditions that enable private enterprise to make a full contribution to 
        the development of such countries, including--
                    (A) market-based economic policies;
                    (B) protection of private property rights;
                    (C) respect for the rule of law; and
                    (D) systems to combat corruption and bribery.
            (2) Sources of information.--The Corporation should rely on both 
        third-party indicators and United States Government information, such as 
        the Department of State's Investment Climate Statements, the Department 
        of Commerce's Country Commercial Guides, or the Millennium Challenge 
        Corporation's Constraints Analysis, to assess whether countries meet the 
        conditions described in paragraph (1).
    (h) Consideration of Foreign Boycott Participation.--In providing support 
for projects under title II, the Corporation shall consider, using information 
readily available, whether the project is sponsored by or substantially 
affiliated with any person taking or knowingly agreeing to take actions, or 
having taken or knowingly agreed to take actions within the past 3 years, which 
demonstrate or otherwise evidence intent to comply with, further, or support any 
boycott described in section 1773(a) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 
(subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232).
    (i) Ensuring Opportunities for Small Businesses in Foreign Development.--The 
Corporation shall, using broad criteria, make, to the maximum extent possible 
consistent with this division, efforts--
            (1) to give preferential consideration in providing support under 
        title II to projects sponsored by or involving small businesses; and
            (2) to ensure that the proportion of projects sponsored by or 
        involving United States small businesses, including women-, minority-, 
        and veteran-owned small businesses, is not less than 50 percent of all 
        projects for which the Corporation provides support and that involve 
        United States persons.

SEC. 1452. ADDITIONALITY AND AVOIDANCE OF MARKET DISTORTION.

    (a) In General.--Before the Corporation provides support for a project under 
title II, the Corporation shall ensure that private sector entities are afforded 
an opportunity to support the project.
    (b) Safeguards, Policies, and Guidelines.--The Corporation shall develop 
appropriate safeguards, policies, and guidelines to ensure that support provided 
by the Corporation under title II--
            (1) supplements and encourages, but does not compete with, private 
        sector support;
            (2) operates according to internationally recognized best practices 
        and standards with respect to ensuring the avoidance of market 
        distorting government subsidies and the crowding out of private sector 
        lending; and
            (3) does not have a significant adverse impact on United States 
        employment.

SEC. 1453. PROHIBITION ON SUPPORT IN COUNTRIES THAT SUPPORT TERRORISM OR VIOLATE 
              HUMAN RIGHTS AND WITH SANCTIONED PERSONS.

    (a) In General.--The Corporation is prohibited from providing support under 
title II for a government, or an entity owned or controlled by a government, if 
the Secretary of State has determined that the government--
            (1) has repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
        terrorism for purposes of--
                    (A) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control Reform 
                Act of 2018 (subtitle B of title XVII of Public Law 115-232);
                    (B) section 620A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
                (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));
                    (C) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
                2780(d)); or
                    (D) any other relevant provision of law; or
            (2) has engaged in a consistent pattern of gross violations of 
        internationally recognized human rights for purposes of section 116(a) 
        or 502B(a)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151n(a) 
        and 2304(a)(2)) or any other relevant provision of law.
    (b) Prohibition on Support of Sanctioned Persons.--The Corporation is 
prohibited from all dealings related to any project under title II prohibited 
under United States sanctions laws or regulations, including dealings with 
persons on the list of specially designated persons and blocked persons 
maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the 
Treasury, except to the extent otherwise authorized by the Secretary of the 
Treasury or the Secretary of State.
    (c) Prohibition on Support of Activities Subject to Sanctions.--The 
Corporation shall require any person receiving support under title II to certify 
that the person, and any entity owned or controlled by the person, is in 
compliance with all United States sanctions laws and regulations.

SEC. 1454. APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF LAW.

    Subsections (g), (l), (m), and (n) of section 237 of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2197) shall apply with respect to the Corporation to the 
same extent and in the same manner as such subsections applied with respect to 
the Overseas Private Investment Corporation on the day before the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

                        TITLE VI--TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 1461. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' includes any entity, organizational 
        unit, program, or function.
            (2) Transition period.--The term ``transition period'' means the 
        period--
                    (A) beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act; and
                    (B) ending on the effective date of the reorganization plan 
                required by section 1462(e).

SEC. 1462. REORGANIZATION PLAN.

    (a) Submission of Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the President shall transmit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a reorganization plan regarding the following:
                    (A) The transfer of agencies, personnel, assets, and 
                obligations to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
                    (B) Any consolidation, reorganization, or streamlining of 
                agencies transferred to the Corporation pursuant to this title.
                    (C) Any efficiencies or cost savings achieved or additional 
                costs incurred as a result of the transfer of agencies, 
                personnel, assets, and obligations to the Corporation pursuant 
                to this title, including reductions in unnecessary or 
                duplicative operations, assets, and personnel.
            (2) Consultation.--Not later than 15 days before the date on which 
        the plan is transmitted pursuant to this subsection, the President shall 
        consult with the appropriate congressional committees on such plan.
    (b) Plan Elements.--The plan transmitted under subsection (a) shall contain, 
consistent with this division, such elements as the President deems appropriate, 
including the following:
            (1) Identification of any functions of agencies transferred to the 
        Corporation pursuant to this title that will not be transferred to the 
        Corporation under the plan.
            (2) Specification of the steps to be taken to organize the 
        Corporation, including the delegation or assignment of functions 
        transferred to the Corporation.
            (3) Specification of the funds available to each agency that will be 
        transferred to the Corporation as a result of transfers under the plan.
            (4) Specification of the proposed allocations within the Corporation 
        of unexpended funds transferred in connection with transfers under the 
        plan.
            (5) Specification of any proposed disposition of property, 
        facilities, contracts, records, and other assets and obligations of 
        agencies transferred under the plan.
            (6) Specification of the number of authorized positions and 
        personnel employed before the end of the transition period that will be 
        transferred to the Corporation, including plans to mitigate the impact 
        of such transfers on the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
    (c) Report on Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The transfer of functions authorized by this 
        section may occur only after the President and Chief Executive Officer 
        of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the Administrator of 
        the United States Agency for International Development jointly submit to 
        the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Appropriations of the 
        House of Representatives and Committee on Foreign Relations and 
        Committee on Appropriations of the Senate a report in writing that 
        contains the information required by paragraph (2).
            (2) Information required.--The information required by this 
        paragraph includes a description in detail of the procedures to be 
        followed after the transfer of functions authorized by this section have 
        occurred to coordinate between the Corporation and the United States 
        Agency for International Development in carrying out the functions so 
        transferred.
    (d) Modification of Plan.--The President shall consult with the appropriate 
congressional committees before making any material modification or revision to 
the plan before the plan becomes effective in accordance with subsection (e).
    (e) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--The reorganization plan described in this section, 
        including any modifications or revisions of the plan under subsection 
        (c), shall become effective for an agency on the date specified in the 
        plan (or the plan as modified pursuant to subsection (d)), except that 
        such date may not be earlier than 90 days after the date the President 
        has transmitted the reorganization plan to the appropriate congressional 
        committees pursuant to subsection (a).
            (2) Statutory construction.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
        construed to require the transfer of functions, personnel, records, 
        balances of appropriations, or other assets of an agency on a single 
        date.

SEC. 1463. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Effective at the end of the transition period, there shall 
be transferred to the Corporation the functions, personnel, assets, and 
liabilities of--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, as in existence on 
        the day before the date of the enactment of this Act; and
            (2) the following elements of the United States Agency for 
        International Development:
                    (A) The Development Credit Authority.
                    (B) The existing Legacy Credit portfolio under the Urban 
                Environment Program and any other direct loan programs and non-
                Development Credit Authority guaranty programs authorized by the 
                Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or other 
                predecessor Acts, as in existence on the date of the enactment 
                of this Act, other than any sovereign loan guaranties.
    (b) Additional Transfer Authority.--Effective at the end of the transition 
period, there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation, with the 
concurrence of the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, the functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the following 
elements of the United States Agency for International Development:
            (1) The Office of Private Capital and Microenterprise.
            (2) The enterprise funds.
    (c) Sovereign Loan Guaranty Transfer.--
            (1) In general.--Effective at the end of the transition period, 
        there is authorized to be transferred to the Corporation or any other 
        appropriate department or agency of the United States Government the 
        loan accounts and the legal rights and responsibilities for the 
        sovereign loan guaranty portfolio held by the United States Agency for 
        International Development as in existence on the day before the date of 
        the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Inclusion in reorganization plan.--The President shall include 
        in the reorganization plan submitted under section 1462 a description of 
        the transfer authorized under paragraph (1).
    (d) Bilateral Agreements.--Any bilateral agreement of the United States in 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act that serves as the basis for 
programs of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation and the Development 
Credit Authority shall be considered as satisfying the requirements of section 
1431(a).
    (e) Transition.--During the transition period, the agencies specified in 
subsection (a) shall--
            (1) continue to administer the assets and obligations of those 
        agencies; and
            (2) carry out such programs and activities authorized under this 
        division as may be determined by the President.

SEC. 1464. TERMINATION OF OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND OTHER 
              SUPERCEDED AUTHORITIES.

    Effective at the end of the transition period--
            (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation is terminated; and
            (2) title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.) (other than subsections (g), (l), (m), and 
        (n) of section 237 of that Act) is repealed.

SEC. 1465. TRANSITIONAL AUTHORITIES.

    (a) Provision of Assistance by Officials.--Until the transfer of an agency 
to the Corporation under section 1463, any official having authority over, or 
functions relating to, the agency on the day before the date of the enactment of 
this Act shall provide to the Corporation such assistance, including the use of 
personnel and assets, as the Corporation may request in preparing for the 
transfer and integration of the agency into the Corporation.
    (b) Services and Personnel.--During the transition period, upon the request 
of the Corporation, the head of any executive agency may, on a reimbursable or 
non-reimbursable basis, provide services or detail personnel to assist with the 
transition.
    (c) Acting Officials.--
            (1) In general.--During the transition period, pending the advice 
        and consent of the Senate to the appointment of an officer required by 
        this division to be appointed by and with such advice and consent, the 
        President may designate any officer whose appointment was required to be 
        made by and with such advice and consent and who was such an officer 
        before the end of the transition period (and who continues in office) or 
        immediately before such designation, to act in such office until the 
        same is filled as provided in this division. While so acting, such 
        officers shall receive compensation at the higher of--
                    (A) the rates provided by this division for the respective 
                offices in which they act; or
                    (B) the rates provided for the offices held at the time of 
                designation.
            (2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this division shall be 
        construed to require the advice and consent of the Senate to the 
        appointment by the President to a position in the Corporation of any 
        officer whose agency is transferred to the Corporation pursuant to this 
        title and whose duties following such transfer are germane to those 
        performed before such transfer.
    (d) Transfer of Personnel, Assets, Obligations, and Functions.--Upon the 
transfer of an agency to the Corporation under section 1463--
            (1) the personnel, assets, and obligations held by or available in 
        connection with the agency shall be transferred to the Corporation for 
        appropriate allocation, subject to the approval of the Director of the 
        Office of Management and Budget and in accordance with section 
        1531(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code; and
            (2) the Corporation shall have all functions--
                    (A) relating to the agency that any other official could by 
                law exercise in relation to the agency immediately before such 
                transfer; and
                    (B) vested in the Corporation by this division or other law.

SEC. 1466. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.

    (a) Completed Administrative Actions.--
            (1) In general.--Completed administrative actions of an agency shall 
        not be affected by the enactment of this Act or the transfer of such 
        agency to the Corporation under section 1463, but shall continue in 
        effect according to their terms until amended, modified, superseded, 
        terminated, set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by an officer 
        of the United States or a court of competent jurisdiction, or by 
        operation of law.
            (2) Completed administrative action defined.--In this subsection, 
        the term ``completed administrative action'' includes orders, 
        determinations, rules, regulations, personnel actions, permits, 
        agreements, grants, contracts, certificates, policies, licenses, 
        registrations, and privileges.
    (b) Pending Proceedings.--
            (1) In general.--Pending proceedings in an agency, including notices 
        of proposed rulemaking, and applications for licenses, permits, 
        certificates, grants, and financial assistance, shall continue 
        notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer of the agency 
        to the Corporation, unless discontinued or modified under the same terms 
        and conditions and to the same extent that such discontinuance could 
        have occurred if such enactment or transfer had not occurred.
            (2) Orders.--Orders issued in proceedings described in paragraph 
        (1), and appeals therefrom, and payments made pursuant to such orders, 
        shall issue in the same manner and on the same terms as if this division 
        had not been enacted or the agency had not been transferred, and any 
        such orders shall continue in effect until amended, modified, 
        superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked by an officer of the 
        United States or a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of 
        law.
    (c) Pending Civil Actions.--Pending civil actions shall continue 
notwithstanding the enactment of this Act or the transfer of an agency to the 
Corporation, and in such civil actions, proceedings shall be had, appeals taken, 
and judgments rendered and enforced in the same manner and with the same effect 
as if such enactment or transfer had not occurred.
    (d) References.--References relating to an agency that is transferred to the 
Corporation under section 1463 in statutes, Executive orders, rules, 
regulations, directives, or delegations of authority that precede such transfer 
or the date of the enactment of this Act shall be deemed to refer, as 
appropriate, to the Corporation, to its officers, employees, or agents, or to 
its corresponding organizational units or functions. Statutory reporting 
requirements that applied in relation to such an agency immediately before the 
effective date of this division shall continue to apply following such transfer 
if they refer to the agency by name.
    (e) Employment Provisions.--
            (1) Regulations.--The Corporation may, in regulations prescribed 
        jointly with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, adopt 
        the rules, procedures, terms, and conditions, established by statute, 
        rule, or regulation before the date of the enactment of this Act, 
        relating to employment in any agency transferred to the Corporation 
        under section 1463.
            (2) Effect of transfer on conditions of employment.--Except as 
        otherwise provided in this division, or under authority granted by this 
        division, the transfer pursuant to this title of personnel shall not 
        alter the terms and conditions of employment, including compensation, of 
        any employee so transferred.
    (f) Statutory Reporting Requirements.--Any statutory reporting requirement 
that applied to an agency transferred to the Corporation under this title 
immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act shall continue to apply 
following that transfer if the statutory requirement refers to the agency by 
name.

SEC. 1467. OTHER TERMINATIONS.

    Except as otherwise provided in this division, whenever all the functions 
vested by law in any agency have been transferred pursuant to this title, each 
position and office the incumbent of which was authorized to receive 
compensation at the rates prescribed for an office or position at level II, III, 
IV, or V of the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, 
United States Code, shall terminate.

SEC. 1468. INCIDENTAL TRANSFERS.

    The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with 
the Corporation, is authorized and directed to make such additional incidental 
dispositions of personnel, assets, and liabilities held, used, arising from, 
available, or to be made available, in connection with the functions transferred 
by this title, as the Director may determine necessary to accomplish the 
purposes of this division.

SEC. 1469. REFERENCE.

    With respect to any function transferred under this title (including under a 
reorganization plan under section 1462) and exercised on or after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, reference in any other Federal law to any department, 
commission, or agency or any officer or office the functions of which are so 
transferred shall be deemed to refer to the Corporation or official or component 
of the Corporation to which that function is so transferred.

SEC. 1470. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Exempt Programs.--Section 255(g) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905(g)) is amended by striking ``Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation, Noncredit Account (71-4184-0-3-151).'' and 
inserting ``United States International Development Finance Corporation.''.
    (b) Executive Schedule.--Title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in section 5314, by striking ``President, Overseas Private 
        Investment Corporation.'';
            (2) in section 5315, by striking ``Executive Vice President, 
        Overseas Private Investment Corporation.''; and
            (3) in section 5316, by striking ``Vice Presidents, Overseas Private 
        Investment Corporation (3).''.
    (c) Office of International Trade of the Small Business Administration.--
Section 22 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 649) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
        striking ``the President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 
        Director'' and inserting ``the Board of Directors of the United States 
        International Development Finance Corporation, the Director''; and
            (2) by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``United States International Development 
        Finance Corporation''.
    (d) United States and Foreign Commercial Service.--Section 2301 of the 
Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each place it appears and inserting 
``United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (e) Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee.--Section 2312(d)(1)(K) of the 
Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4727(d)(1)(K)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (f) Interagency Trade Data Advisory Committee.--Section 5402(b) of the 
Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4902(b)) is amended by 
striking ``the President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
inserting ``the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (g) Misuse of Names of Federal Agencies.--Section 709 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ```Overseas Private Investment', `Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation', or `OPIC','' and inserting ```United States 
International Development Finance Corporation' or `DFC'''.
    (h) Engagement on Currency Exchange Rate and Economic Policies.--Section 
701(c)(1)(A) of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (19 
U.S.C. 4421(c)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (i) Internships With Institute for International Public Policy.--Section 625 
of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1131c(a)) is amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (j) Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 116--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ``, and no support may 
                be provided under title II of the Better Utilization of 
                Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018,'' after ``this 
                part'';
                    (B) in the first subsection (b)--
                            (i) by inserting ``or title II of the Better 
                        Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
                        2018'' after ``this part'';
                            (ii) by inserting ``or the Chief Executive Officer 
                        of the United States International Development Finance 
                        Corporation, as applicable,'' after ``this Act'';
                            (iii) by inserting ``or support'' after ``the 
                        assistance''; and
                            (iv) by inserting ``or support'' after ``such 
                        assistance'' each place it appears;
                    (C) in the second subsection (b), by inserting ``under this 
                part, and no support may be provided under title II of the 
                Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
                2018,'' after ``provided''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c), by striking ``under this part, the 
                Administrator'' and inserting ``under this part, or support 
                provided under title II of the Better Utilization of Investments 
                Leading to Development Act of 2018, the Administrator, or the 
                Chief Executive Officer of the United States International 
                Development Finance Corporation, as applicable,'';
            (2) in section 449B(b)(2) (22 U.S.C. 2296b(b)(2)), by striking 
        ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
        States International Development Finance Corporation''; and
            (3) in section 481(e)(4)(A) (22 U.S.C. 2291(e)(4)(A)), in the matter 
        preceding clause (i), by striking ``(including programs under title IV 
        of chapter 2, relating to the Overseas Private Investment Corporation)'' 
        and inserting ``(and any support under title II of the Better 
        Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 2018, relating 
        to the United States International Development Finance Corporation)''.
    (k) Electrify Africa Act of 2015.--Sections 5 and 7 of the Electrify Africa 
Act of 2015 (Public Law 114-121; 22 U.S.C. 2293 note) are amended by striking 
``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' each place it appears and inserting 
``United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (l) Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016.--Section 2(3) 
of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-
191; 22 U.S.C. 2394c note) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``except for'' and all that 
        follows through ``chapter 3'' and insert ``except for chapter 3'';
            (2) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to 
                Development Act of 2018.''.
    (m) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program.--The Support for 
East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 5401 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 2(c) (22 U.S.C. 5401(c)), by striking paragraph (12) 
        and inserting the following:
            ``(12) United states international development finance 
        corporation.--Programs of the United States International Development 
        Finance Corporation.''; and
            (2) in section 201 (22 U.S.C. 5421), by striking subsection (e) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(e) Grants to Enterprise Funds.--Funds appropriated to the President 
pursuant to subsection (b) shall be granted to the Enterprise Funds to carry out 
the purposes specified in subsection (a) and for the administrative expenses of 
each Enterprise Fund--
            ``(1) except as provided in paragraph (2), by the United States 
        Agency for International Development; or
            ``(2) if the Enterprise Funds are transferred to the United States 
        International Development Finance Corporation pursuant to section 
        1463(b) of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development 
        Act of 2018, by the Corporation.''.
    (n) Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996.--Section 
202(b)(2)(B)(iv) of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act 
of 1996 (22 U.S.C. 6062(b)(2)(B)(iv)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development 
Finance Corporation''.
    (o) International Religious Freedom Act of 1998.--Section 405(a)(10) of the 
International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. 6445(a)(10)) is amended 
by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United 
States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (p) Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.--Section 103(8)(A) of the 
Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7102(8)(A)) is amended in 
clause (viii) to read as follows:
                            ``(viii) any support under title II of the Better 
                        Utilization of Investments Leading to Development Act of 
                        2018 relating to the United States International 
                        Development Finance Corporation; and''.
    (q) Technology Deployment in Developing Countries.--Section 732(b) of the 
Global Environmental Protection Assistance Act of 1989 (22 U.S.C. 7902(b)) is 
amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting 
``United States International Development Finance Corporation''.
    (r) Expanded Nonmilitary Assistance for Ukraine.--Section 7(c)(3) of the 
Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8926(c)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in the paragraph heading, by striking ``Overseas private 
        investment corporation'' and inserting ``United states international 
        development finance corporation'';
            (2) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``Overseas 
        Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States 
        International Development Finance Corporation''; and
            (3) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``by eligible investors (as 
        defined in section 238 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
        2198))''.
    (s) Global Food Security Act of 2016.--Section 4(7) of the Global Food 
Security Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 9303(7)) is amended by striking ``Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International 
Development Finance Corporation''.
    (t) Sense of Congress on European and Eurasian Energy Security.--Section 
257(c)(2)(B) of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 
2017 (22 U.S.C. 9546(c)(2)(B)) is amended by striking ``Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development 
Finance Corporation''.
    (u) Wholly Owned Government Corporation.--Section 9101(3) of title 31, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation'' and inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
Corporation''.
    (v) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.--Title IX of the Energy 
Independence and Security Act of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17321 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 914 (42 U.S.C. 17334)--
                    (A) in the section heading, by striking ``overseas private 
                investment corporation'' and inserting ``united states 
                international development finance corporation'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph 
                (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation'' and 
                inserting ``United States International Development Finance 
                Corporation''; and
                    (C) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph 
                (1), by striking ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation shall 
                include in its annual report required under section 240A of the 
                Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2200a)'' and inserting 
                ``United States International Development Finance Corporation 
                shall include in its annual report required under section 1443 
                of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to Development 
                Act of 2018''; and
            (2) in section 916(a)(2)(I) (42 U.S.C. 17336(a)(2)(I)), by striking 
        ``Overseas Private Investment Corporation:'' and inserting ``United 
        States International Development Finance Corporation;''.
    (w) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take effect 
at the end of the transition period.

                          DIVISION G--SYRIA STUDY GROUP

SEC. 1501. SYRIA STUDY GROUP.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a working group to be known as the 
``Syria Study Group'' (in this section referred to as the ``Group'').
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Group is to examine and make 
recommendations on the military and diplomatic strategy of the United States 
with respect to the conflict in Syria.
    (c) Composition.--
            (1) Membership.--The Group shall be composed of 12 members, none of 
        whom may be members of Congress, who shall be appointed as follows:
                    (A) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
                Armed Services of the Senate.
                    (B) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
                the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate.
                    (C) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
                Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                    (D) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
                the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.
                    (E) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
                Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
                    (F) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
                the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
                    (G) One member appointed by the chair of the Committee on 
                Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.
                    (H) One member appointed by the ranking minority member of 
                the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
                Representatives.
                    (I) One member appointed by the majority leader of the 
                Senate.
                    (J) One member appointed by the minority leader of the 
                Senate.
                    (K) One member appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives.
                    (L) One member appointed by the minority leader of the House 
                of Representatives.
            (2) Co-chairs.--
                    (A) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be 
                jointly designated by--
                            (i) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services 
                        and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
                            (ii) the chairs of the Committee on Armed Services 
                        and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
                        Representatives;
                            (iii) the majority leader of the Senate; and
                            (iv) the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
                    (B) Of the members of the Group, one co-chair shall be 
                jointly designated by--
                            (i) the ranking minority members of the Committee on 
                        Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
                        the Senate;
                            (ii) the ranking minority members of the Committee 
                        on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs 
                        of the House of Representatives;
                            (iii) the minority leader of the Senate; and
                            (iv) the minority leader of the House of 
                        Representatives.
            (3) Period of appointment.--A member shall be appointed for the life 
        of the Group.
            (4) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Group shall be filled in the same 
        manner as the original appointment.
    (d) Duties.--
            (1) Review.--The Group shall conduct a review on the current United 
        States military and diplomatic strategy with respect to the conflict in 
        Syria that includes a review of current United States objectives in 
        Syria and the desired end state in Syria.
            (2) Assessment and recommendations.--The Group shall--
                    (A) conduct a comprehensive assessment of the current 
                situation in Syria, the impact of such situation on neighboring 
                countries, the resulting regional and geopolitical threats to 
                the United States, and current military, diplomatic, and 
                political efforts to achieve a stable Syria; and
                    (B) develop recommendations on the military and diplomatic 
                strategy of the United States with respect to the conflict in 
                Syria.
    (e) Cooperation of United States Government.--
            (1) In general.--The Group shall receive the full and timely 
        cooperation of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the 
        Director of National Intelligence in providing the Group with analyses, 
        briefings, and other information necessary for the discharge of the 
        duties of the Group under subsection (d).
            (2) Liaison.--The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and 
        the Director of National Intelligence shall each designate at least one 
        officer or employee of the Department of Defense, the Department of 
        State, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 
        respectively, to serve as a liaison to the Group.
            (3) Facilitation.--The United States Institute of Peace shall take 
        appropriate actions to facilitate the Group in the discharge of the 
        duties of the Group under this section.
    (f) Reports.--
            (1) Final report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the 
                President, the Secretary of Defense, the Committee on Armed 
                Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
                the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign 
                Affairs of the House of Representatives, the majority and 
                minority leaders of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of 
                Representatives, and the minority leader of the House of 
                Representatives a report that sets forth the findings, 
                conclusions, and recommendations of the Group under this 
                section.
                    (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A) shall 
                include each of the following:
                            (i) An assessment of the current security, 
                        political, humanitarian, and economic situations in 
                        Syria.
                            (ii) An assessment of the current participation and 
                        objectives of the various external actors in Syria.
                            (iii) An assessment of the consequences of continued 
                        conflict in Syria.
                            (iv) Recommendations for a resolution to the 
                        conflict in Syria, including--
                                    (I) options for a gradual political 
                                transition to a post-Assad Syria; and
                                    (II) actions necessary for reconciliation.
                            (v) A roadmap for a United States and coalition 
                        strategy to reestablish security and governance in 
                        Syria, including recommendations for the synchronization 
                        of stabilization, development, counterterrorism, and 
                        reconstruction efforts.
                            (vi) Any other matter with respect to the conflict 
                        in Syria that the Group considers to be appropriate.
            (2) Interim report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this section, the Group shall submit to the Committee on 
        Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, the 
        Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
        House of Representatives, the majority and minority leaders of the 
        Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the minority 
        leader of the House of Representatives a report that describes the 
        status of the review and assessment under subsection (d) and any interim 
        recommendations developed by the Group as of the date of the briefing.
            (3) Form of report.--The report submitted to Congress under 
        paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a 
        classified annex.
    (g) Termination.--The Group shall terminate on the date that is 180 days 
after the date on which the Group submits the report required by subsection 
(f)(1).

                     DIVISION H--PREVENTING EMERGING THREATS

SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Preventing Emerging Threats Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 1602. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 210G. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AND ASSETS FROM UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    ``(a) Authority.--Notwithstanding section 46502 of title 49, United States 
Code, or sections 32, 1030, 1367 and chapters 119 and 206 of title 18, United 
States Code, the Secretary and the Attorney General may, for their respective 
Departments, take, and may authorize personnel with assigned duties that include 
the security or protection of people, facilities, or assets, to take such 
actions as are described in subsection (b)(1) that are necessary to mitigate a 
credible threat (as defined by the Secretary or the Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Transportation) that an unmanned aircraft 
system or unmanned aircraft poses to the safety or security of a covered 
facility or asset.
    ``(b) Actions Described.--
            ``(1) In general.--The actions authorized in subsection (a) are the 
        following:
                    ``(A) During the operation of the unmanned aircraft system, 
                detect, identify, monitor, and track the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including by 
                means of intercept or other access of a wire communication, an 
                oral communication, or an electronic communication used to 
                control the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(B) Warn the operator of the unmanned aircraft system or 
                unmanned aircraft, including by passive or active, and direct or 
                indirect physical, electronic, radio, and electromagnetic means.
                    ``(C) Disrupt control of the unmanned aircraft system or 
                unmanned aircraft, without prior consent, including by disabling 
                the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft by 
                intercepting, interfering, or causing interference with wire, 
                oral, electronic, or radio communications used to control the 
                unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(D) Seize or exercise control of the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(E) Seize or otherwise confiscate the unmanned aircraft 
                system or unmanned aircraft.
                    ``(F) Use reasonable force, if necessary, to disable, 
                damage, or destroy the unmanned aircraft system or unmanned 
                aircraft.
            ``(2) Required coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney General 
        shall develop for their respective Departments the actions described in 
        paragraph (1) in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(3) Research, testing, training, and evaluation.--The Secretary 
        and the Attorney General shall conduct research, testing, training on, 
        and evaluation of any equipment, including any electronic equipment, to 
        determine its capability and utility prior to the use of any such 
        technology for any action described in subsection (b)(1).
            ``(4) Coordination.--The Secretary and the Attorney General shall 
        coordinate with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
        when any action authorized by this section might affect aviation safety, 
        civilian aviation and aerospace operations, aircraft airworthiness, or 
        the use of the airspace.
    ``(c) Forfeiture.--Any unmanned aircraft system or unmanned aircraft 
described in subsection (a) that is seized by the Secretary or the Attorney 
General is subject to forfeiture to the United States.
    ``(d) Regulations and Guidance.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
        Secretary of Transportation may prescribe regulations and shall issue 
        guidance in the respective areas of each Secretary or the Attorney 
        General to carry out this section.
            ``(2) Coordination.--
                    ``(A) Coordination with department of transportation.--The 
                Secretary and the Attorney General shall coordinate the 
                development of their respective guidance under paragraph (1) 
                with the Secretary of Transportation.
                    ``(B) Effect on aviation safety.--The Secretary and the 
                Attorney General shall respectively coordinate with the 
                Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration before issuing any guidance, or 
                otherwise implementing this section, if such guidance or 
                implementation might affect aviation safety, civilian aviation 
                and aerospace operations, aircraft airworthiness, or the use of 
                airspace.
    ``(e) Privacy Protection.--The regulations or guidance issued to carry out 
actions authorized under subsection (b) by each Secretary or the Attorney 
General, as the case may be, shall ensure that--
            ``(1) the interception or acquisition of, or access to, or 
        maintenance or use of, communications to or from an unmanned aircraft 
        system under this section is conducted in a manner consistent with the 
        First and Fourth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and 
        applicable provisions of Federal law;
            ``(2) communications to or from an unmanned aircraft system are 
        intercepted or acquired only to the extent necessary to support an 
        action described in subsection (b)(1);
            ``(3) records of such communications are maintained only for as long 
        as necessary, and in no event for more than 180 days, unless the 
        Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General determine that 
        maintenance of such records is necessary to investigate or prosecute a 
        violation of law, directly support an ongoing security operation, is 
        required under Federal law, or for the purpose of any litigation;
            ``(4) such communications are not disclosed outside the Department 
        of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice unless the 
        disclosure--
                    ``(A) is necessary to investigate or prosecute a violation 
                of law;
                    ``(B) would support the Department of Defense, a Federal law 
                enforcement agency, or the enforcement activities of a 
                regulatory agency of the Federal Government in connection with a 
                criminal or civil investigation of, or any regulatory, 
                statutory, or other enforcement action relating to an action 
                described in subsection (b)(1);
                    ``(C) is between the Department of Homeland Security and the 
                Department of Justice in the course of a security or protection 
                operation of either agency or a joint operation of such 
                agencies; or
                    ``(D) is otherwise required by law; and
            ``(5) to the extent necessary, the Department of Homeland Security 
        and the Department of Justice are authorized to share threat 
        information, which shall not include communications referred to in 
        subsection (b), with State, local, territorial, or tribal law 
        enforcement agencies in the course of a security or protection 
        operation.
    ``(f) Budget.--The Secretary and the Attorney General shall submit to 
Congress, as a part of the homeland security or justice budget materials for 
each fiscal year after fiscal year 2019, a consolidated funding display that 
identifies the funding source for the actions described in subsection (b)(1) 
within the Department of Homeland Security or the Department of Justice. The 
funding display shall be in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
annex.
    ``(g) Semiannual Briefings and Notifications.--
            ``(1) In general.--On a semiannual basis during the period beginning 
        6 months after the date of enactment of this section and ending on the 
        date specified in subsection (i), the Secretary and the Attorney General 
        shall, respectively, provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional 
        committees on the activities carried out pursuant to this section.
            ``(2) Requirement.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) shall 
        be conducted jointly with the Secretary of Transportation.
            ``(3) Content.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) policies, programs, and procedures to mitigate or 
                eliminate impacts of such activities to the National Airspace 
                System;
                    ``(B) a description of instances in which actions described 
                in subsection (b)(1) have been taken, including all such 
                instances that may have resulted in harm, damage, or loss to a 
                person or to private property;
                    ``(C) a description of the guidance, policies, or procedures 
                established to address privacy, civil rights, and civil 
                liberties issues implicated by the actions allowed under this 
                section, as well as any changes or subsequent efforts that would 
                significantly affect privacy, civil rights or civil liberties;
                    ``(D) a description of options considered and steps taken to 
                mitigate any identified impacts to the national airspace system 
                related to the use of any system or technology, including the 
                minimization of the use of any technology that disrupts the 
                transmission of radio or electronic signals, for carrying out 
                the actions described in subsection (b)(1);
                    ``(E) a description of instances in which communications 
                intercepted or acquired during the course of operations of an 
                unmanned aircraft system were held for more than 180 days or 
                shared outside of the Department of Justice or the Department of 
                Homeland Security;
                    ``(F) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
                Secretary of Transportation have informed the public as to the 
                possible use of authorities under this section;
                    ``(G) how the Secretary, the Attorney General, and the 
                Secretary of Transportation have engaged with Federal, State, 
                and local law enforcement agencies to implement and use such 
                authorities.
            ``(4) Unclassified form.--Each briefing required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be in unclassified form, but may be accompanied by an additional 
        classified briefing.
            ``(5) Notification.--Within 30 days of deploying any new technology 
        to carry out the actions described in subsection (b)(1), the Secretary 
        and the Attorney General shall, respectively, submit a notification to 
        the appropriate congressional committees. Such notification shall 
        include a description of options considered to mitigate any identified 
        impacts to the national airspace system related to the use of any system 
        or technology, including the minimization of the use of any technology 
        that disrupts the transmission of radio or electronic signals, for 
        carrying out the actions described in subsection (b)(1).
    ``(h) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to--
            ``(1) vest in the Secretary or the Attorney General any authority of 
        the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration;
            ``(2) vest in the Secretary of Transportation or the Administrator 
        of the Federal Aviation Administration any authority of the Secretary or 
        the Attorney General;
            ``(3) vest in the Secretary of Homeland Security any authority of 
        the Attorney General;
            ``(4) vest in the Attorney General any authority of the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security; or
            ``(5) provide a new basis of liability for any State, local, 
        territorial, or tribal law enforcement officers who participate in the 
        protection of a mass gathering identified by the Secretary or Attorney 
        General under subsection (k)(3)(C)(iii)(II), act within the scope of 
        their authority, and do not exercise the authority granted to the 
        Secretary and Attorney General by this section.
    ``(i) Termination.--The authority to carry out this section with respect to 
a covered facility or asset specified in subsection (k)(3) shall terminate on 
the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of this section.
    ``(j) Scope of Authority.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
provide the Secretary or the Attorney General with additional authorities beyond 
those described in subsections (a) and (k)(3)(C)(iii).
    ``(k) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) The term `appropriate congressional committees' means--
                    ``(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
                Affairs, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 
                and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and
                    ``(B) the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on 
                Transportation and Infrastructure, the Committee on Energy and 
                Commerce, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
                Representatives.
            ``(2) The term `budget', with respect to a fiscal year, means the 
        budget for that fiscal year that is submitted to Congress by the 
        President under section 1105(a) of title 31.
            ``(3) The term `covered facility or asset' means any facility or 
        asset that--
                    ``(A) is identified as high-risk and a potential target for 
                unlawful unmanned aircraft activity by the Secretary or the 
                Attorney General, in coordination with the Secretary of 
                Transportation with respect to potentially impacted airspace, 
                through a risk-based assessment for purposes of this section 
                (except that in the case of the missions described in 
                subparagraph (C)(i)(II) and (C)(iii)(I), such missions shall be 
                presumed to be for the protection of a facility or asset that is 
                assessed to be high-risk and a potential target for unlawful 
                unmanned aircraft activity);
                    ``(B) is located in the United States (including the 
                territories and possessions, territorial seas or navigable 
                waters of the United States); and
                    ``(C) directly relates to one or more--
                            ``(i) missions authorized to be performed by the 
                        Department of Homeland Security, consistent with 
                        governing statutes, regulations, and orders issued by 
                        the Secretary, pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) security or protection functions of 
                                the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 
                                including securing or protecting facilities, 
                                aircraft, and vessels, whether moored or 
                                underway;
                                    ``(II) United States Secret Service 
                                protection operations pursuant to sections 
                                3056(a) and 3056A(a) of title 18, United States 
                                Code, and the Presidential Protection Assistance 
                                Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note); or
                                    ``(III) protection of facilities pursuant to 
                                section 1315(a) of title 40, United States Code;
                            ``(ii) missions authorized to be performed by the 
                        Department of Justice, consistent with governing 
                        statutes, regulations, and orders issued by the Attorney 
                        General, pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) personal protection operations by--
                                            ``(aa) the Federal Bureau of 
                                        Investigation as specified in section 
                                        533 of title 28, United States Code; and
                                            ``(bb) the United States Marshals 
                                        Service of Federal jurists, court 
                                        officers, witnesses, and other 
                                        threatened persons in the interests of 
                                        justice, as specified in section 
                                        566(e)(1)(A) of title 28, United States 
                                        Code;
                                    ``(II) protection of penal, detention, and 
                                correctional facilities and operations conducted 
                                by the Federal Bureau of Prisons; or
                                    ``(III) protection of the buildings and 
                                grounds leased, owned, or operated by or for the 
                                Department of Justice, and the provision of 
                                security for Federal courts, as specified in 
                                section 566(a) of title 28, United States Code;
                            ``(iii) missions authorized to be performed by the 
                        Department of Homeland Security or the Department of 
                        Justice, acting together or separately, consistent with 
                        governing statutes, regulations, and orders issued by 
                        the Secretary or the Attorney General, respectively, 
                        pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) protection of a National Special 
                                Security Event and Special Event Assessment 
                                Rating event;
                                    ``(II) the provision of support to State, 
                                local, territorial, or tribal law enforcement, 
                                upon request of the chief executive officer of 
                                the State or territory, to ensure protection of 
                                people and property at mass gatherings, that is 
                                limited to a specified timeframe and location, 
                                within available resources, and without 
                                delegating any authority under this section to 
                                State, local, territorial, or tribal law 
                                enforcement; or
                                    ``(III) protection of an active Federal law 
                                enforcement investigation, emergency response, 
                                or security function, that is limited to a 
                                specified timeframe and location; and
                            ``(iv) missions authorized to be performed by the 
                        United States Coast Guard, including those described in 
                        clause (iii) as directed by the Secretary, and as 
                        further set forth in section 104 of title 14, United 
                        States Code, and consistent with governing statutes, 
                        regulations, and orders issued by the Secretary of the 
                        Department in which the Coast Guard is operating.
            ``(4) The terms `electronic communication', `intercept', `oral 
        communication', and `wire communication' have the meaning given those 
        terms in section 2510 of title 18, United States Code.
            ``(5) The term `homeland security or justice budget materials', with 
        respect to a fiscal year, means the materials submitted to Congress by 
        the Secretary and the Attorney General in support of the budget for that 
        fiscal year.
            ``(6) For purposes of subsection (a), the term `personnel' means 
        officers and employees of the Department of Homeland Security or the 
        Department of Justice.
            ``(7) The terms `unmanned aircraft' and `unmanned aircraft system' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 44801, of title 49, 
        United States Code.
            ``(8) For purposes of this section, the term `risk-based assessment' 
        includes an evaluation of threat information specific to a covered 
        facility or asset and, with respect to potential impacts on the safety 
        and efficiency of the national airspace system and the needs of law 
        enforcement and national security at each covered facility or asset 
        identified by the Secretary or the Attorney General, respectively, of 
        each of the following factors:
                    ``(A) Potential impacts to safety, efficiency, and use of 
                the national airspace system, including potential effects on 
                manned aircraft and unmanned aircraft systems, aviation safety, 
                airport operations, infrastructure, and air navigation services 
                related to the use of any system or technology for carrying out 
                the actions described in subsection (b)(1).
                    ``(B) Options for mitigating any identified impacts to the 
                national airspace system related to the use of any system or 
                technology, including minimizing when possible the use of any 
                technology which disrupts the transmission of radio or 
                electronic signals, for carrying out the actions described in 
                subsection (b)(1).
                    ``(C) Potential consequences of the impacts of any actions 
                taken under subsection (b)(1) to the national airspace system 
                and infrastructure if not mitigated.
                    ``(D) The ability to provide reasonable advance notice to 
                aircraft operators consistent with the safety of the national 
                airspace system and the needs of law enforcement and national 
                security.
                    ``(E) The setting and character of any covered facility or 
                asset, including whether it is located in a populated area or 
                near other structures, whether the facility is open to the 
                public, whether the facility is also used for nongovernmental 
                functions, and any potential for interference with wireless 
                communications or for injury or damage to persons or property.
                    ``(F) The setting, character, timeframe, and national 
                airspace system impacts of National Special Security Event and 
                Special Event Assessment Rating events.
                    ``(G) Potential consequences to national security, public 
                safety, or law enforcement if threats posed by unmanned aircraft 
                systems are not mitigated or defeated.
    ``(l) Department of Homeland Security Assessment.--
            ``(1) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
        of this section, the Secretary shall conduct, in coordination with the 
        Attorney General and the Secretary of Transportation, an assessment to 
        the appropriate congressional committees, including--
                    ``(A) an evaluation of the threat from unmanned aircraft 
                systems to United States critical infrastructure (as defined in 
                this Act) and to domestic large hub airports (as defined in 
                section 40102 of title 49, United States Code);
                    ``(B) an evaluation of current Federal and State, local, 
                territorial, or tribal law enforcement authorities to counter 
                the threat identified in subparagraph (A), and recommendations, 
                if any, for potential changes to existing authorities to allow 
                State, local, territorial, and tribal law enforcement to assist 
                Federal law enforcement to counter the threat where appropriate;
                    ``(C) an evaluation of the knowledge of, efficiency of, and 
                effectiveness of current procedures and resources available to 
                owners of critical infrastructure and domestic large hub 
                airports when they believe a threat from unmanned aircraft 
                systems is present and what additional actions, if any, the 
                Department of Homeland Security or the Department of 
                Transportation could implement under existing authorities to 
                assist these entities to counter the threat identified in 
                subparagraph (A);
                    ``(D) an assessment of what, if any, additional authorities 
                are needed by each Department and law enforcement to counter the 
                threat identified in subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(E) an assessment of what, if any, additional research and 
                development the Department needs to counter the threat 
                identified in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Unclassified form.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections at the beginning of such 
chapter is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 210F the 
following:

``Sec. 210G. Protection of certain facilities and assets from unmanned 
                            aircraft.''.

SEC. 1603. PROTECTING AGAINST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 5 of title 14, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after section 103 the following:
``Sec. 104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft
    ``For the purposes of section 210G(k)(3)(C)(iv) of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002, the missions authorized to be performed by the United States Coast 
Guard shall be those related to--
            ``(1) functions of the U.S. Coast Guard relating to security or 
        protection of facilities and assets assessed to be high-risk and a 
        potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity, including the 
        security and protection of--
                    ``(A) a facility, including a facility that is under the 
                administrative control of the Commandant; and
                    ``(B) a vessel (whether moored or underway) or an aircraft, 
                including a vessel or aircraft--
                            ``(i) that is operated by the Coast Guard, or that 
                        the Coast Guard is assisting or escorting; and
                            ``(ii) that is directly involved in a mission of the 
                        Coast Guard pertaining to--
                                    ``(I) assisting or escorting a vessel of the 
                                Department of Defense;
                                    ``(II) assisting or escorting a vessel of 
                                national security significance, a high interest 
                                vessel, a high capacity passenger vessel, or a 
                                high value unit, as those terms are defined by 
                                the Secretary;
                                    ``(III) section 91(a) of this title;
                                    ``(IV) assistance in protecting the 
                                President or the Vice President (or other 
                                officer next in order of succession to the 
                                Office of the President) pursuant to the 
                                Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 
                                (18 U.S.C. 3056 note);
                                    ``(V) protection of a National Special 
                                Security Event and Special Event Assessment 
                                Rating events;
                                    ``(VI) air defense of the United States, 
                                including air sovereignty, ground-based air 
                                defense, and the National Capital Region 
                                integrated air defense system; or
                                    ``(VII) a search and rescue operation; and
            ``(2) missions directed by the Secretary pursuant to 
        210G(k)(3)(C)(iii) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 5 of title 14, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 103 the 
following:

``104. Protecting against unmanned aircraft.''.

        DIVISION I--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DISASTER RELIEF, 2018

    The following sums are hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury 
not otherwise appropriated, and out of applicable corporate or other revenues, 
receipts, and funds, for the several departments, agencies, corporations, and 
other organizational units of Government for fiscal year 2018, and for other 
purposes, namely:
    

                   DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

                       Community Planning and Development

                           community development fund

                         (including transfers of funds)

    For an additional amount for ``Community Development Fund'', $1,680,000,000, 
to remain available until expended, for necessary expenses for activities 
authorized under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 
(42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.) related to disaster relief, long-term recovery, 
restoration of infrastructure and housing, and economic revitalization in the 
most impacted and distressed areas resulting from a major disaster declared in 
2018 pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.): Provided, That funds shall be awarded directly to 
the State or unit of general local government at the discretion of the 
Secretary: Provided further, That as a condition of making any grant, the 
Secretary shall certify in advance that such grantee has in place proficient 
financial controls and procurement processes and has established adequate 
procedures to prevent any duplication of benefits as defined by section 312 of 
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
5155), to ensure timely expenditure of funds, to maintain comprehensive websites 
regarding all disaster recovery activities assisted with these funds, and to 
detect and prevent waste, fraud, and abuse of funds: Provided further, That 
prior to the obligation of funds a grantee shall submit a plan to the Secretary 
for approval detailing the proposed use of all funds, including criteria for 
eligibility and how the use of these funds will address long-term recovery and 
restoration of infrastructure and housing and economic revitalization in the 
most impacted and distressed areas: Provided further, That such funds may not be 
used for activities reimbursable by, or for which funds are made available by, 
the Federal Emergency Management Agency or the Army Corps of Engineers: Provided 
further, That funds allocated under this heading shall not be considered 
relevant to the non-disaster formula allocations made pursuant to section 106 of 
the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306): Provided 
further, That a State or subdivision thereof may use up to 5 percent of its 
allocation for administrative costs: Provided further, That in administering the 
funds under this heading, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development may 
waive, or specify alternative requirements for, any provision of any statute or 
regulation that the Secretary administers in connection with the obligation by 
the Secretary or the use by the recipient of these funds (except for 
requirements related to fair housing, nondiscrimination, labor standards, and 
the environment), if the Secretary finds that good cause exists for the waiver 
or alternative requirement and such waiver or alternative requirement would not 
be inconsistent with the overall purpose of title I of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974: Provided further, That, notwithstanding the preceding 
proviso, recipients of funds provided under this heading that use such funds to 
supplement Federal assistance provided under section 402, 403, 404, 406, 407, 
408(c)(4), or 502 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) may adopt, without review or public 
comment, any environmental review, approval, or permit performed by a Federal 
agency, and such adoption shall satisfy the responsibilities of the recipient 
with respect to such environmental review, approval or permit: Provided further, 
That, notwithstanding section 104(g)(2) of the Housing and Community Development 
Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5304(g)(2)), the Secretary may, upon receipt of a request 
for release of funds and certification, immediately approve the release of funds 
for an activity or project assisted under this heading if the recipient has 
adopted an environmental review, approval or permit under the preceding proviso 
or the activity or project is categorically excluded from review under the 
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.): Provided 
further, That the Secretary shall publish via notice in the Federal Register any 
waiver, or alternative requirement, to any statute or regulation that the 
Secretary administers pursuant to title I of the Housing and Community 
Development Act of 1974 no later than 5 days before the effective date of such 
waiver or alternative requirement: Provided further, That of the amounts made 
available under this heading, up to $2,500,000 may be transferred, in aggregate, 
to ``Department of Housing and Urban Development--Program Office Salaries and 
Expenses--Community Planning and Development'' for necessary costs, including 
information technology costs, of administering and overseeing the obligation and 
expenditure of amounts under this heading: Provided further, That such amount is 
designated by the Congress as being for an emergency requirement pursuant to 
section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act 
of 1985: Provided further, That the amount designated under this heading as an 
emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget 
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 shall be available only if the 
President subsequently so designates such amount and transmits such designation 
to the Congress.

SEC. 1701. BUDGETARY EFFECTS.

    (a) Statutory PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this division 
shall not be entered on either PAYGO scorecard maintained pursuant to section 
4(d) of the Statutory Pay As-You-Go Act of 2010.
    (b) Senate PAYGO Scorecards.--The budgetary effects of this division shall 
not be entered on any PAYGO scorecard maintained for purposes of section 4106 of 
H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress).
    (c) Classification of Budgetary Effects.-- Notwithstanding Rule 3 of the 
Budget Scorekeeping Guidelines set forth in the joint explanatory statement of 
the committee of conference accompanying Conference Report 105-217 and section 
250(c)(7) and (c)(8) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985, the budgetary effects of this division shall be estimated for purposes of 
section 251 of such Act.
    This division may be cited as the ``Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster 
Relief Act, 2018''.

                          DIVISION J--MARITIME SECURITY

SEC. 1801. SHORT TITLE.

    This division may be cited as the ``Maritime Security Improvement Act of 
2018''.

SEC. 1802. DEFINITIONS.

    In this division:
            (1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate 
        committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
                of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
                Affairs of the Senate;
                    (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (D) the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of 
                the House of Representatives.
            (2) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security 
        Administration.

SEC. 1803. COORDINATION WITH TSA ON MARITIME FACILITIES.

    The Secretary of Homeland Security shall--
            (1) provide the Administrator of the TSA with updates to 
        vulnerability assessments required under section 70102(b)(3) of title 
        46, United States Code, to avoid any duplication of effort between the 
        Coast Guard and the TSA; and
            (2) identify any security gaps between authorities of operating 
        entities within the Department of Homeland Security that a threat could 
        exploit to cause a transportation security incident (as defined in 
        section 70101 of title 46, United States Code).

SEC. 1804. STRATEGIC PLAN TO ENHANCE THE SECURITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY 
              CHAIN.

    Section 201 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 
U.S.C. 941) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``as appropriate'' and inserting 
        ``triennially''; and
            (2) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and inserting 
                ``Reports''; and
                    (B) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows:
            ``(2) Updates.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment 
        of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018 and triennially 
        thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report that contains any updates to the strategic plan 
        under subsection (a) since the prior report.''.

SEC. 1805. CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION SHARING AND COORDINATION IN PORTS.

    (a) Maritime Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Model.--The Secretary of Homeland 
Security, through the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Under Secretary 
responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure protection, 
cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department of Homeland 
Security, shall--
            (1) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        coordinate with the National Maritime Security Advisory Committee, the 
        Area Maritime Security Advisory Committees, and other maritime 
        stakeholders, as necessary, to develop and implement a maritime 
        cybersecurity risk assessment model, consistent with the activities 
        described in section 2(e) of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)), to evaluate current and future 
        cybersecurity risks that have the potential to affect the marine 
        transportation system or that would cause a transportation security 
        incident (as defined in section 70101 of title 46, United States Code) 
        in ports; and
            (2) not less than biennially thereafter, evaluate the effectiveness 
        of the cybersecurity risk assessment model established under paragraph 
        (1).
    (b) Port Security; Definitions.--Section 70101 of title 46, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs (3) 
        through (7), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) The term `cybersecurity risk' has the meaning given the term 
        in section 227 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 148).''.
    (c) National Maritime Security Advisory Committee.--
            (1) Functions.--Section 70112(a)(1)(A) of title 46, United States 
        Code, is amended by inserting before the semicolon the following: ``, 
        including on enhancing the sharing of information related to 
        cybersecurity risks that may cause a transportation security incident, 
        between relevant Federal agencies and--
                            ``(i) State, local, and tribal governments;
                            ``(ii) relevant public safety and emergency response 
                        agencies;
                            ``(iii) relevant law enforcement and security 
                        organizations;
                            ``(iv) maritime industry;
                            ``(v) port owners and operators; and
                            ``(vi) terminal owners and operators;''.
            (2) Information sharing.--The Commandant of the Coast Guard and the 
        Under Secretary responsible for overseeing the critical infrastructure 
        protection, cybersecurity, and other related programs of the Department 
        of Homeland Security shall--
                    (A) ensure there is a process for each Area Maritime 
                Security Advisory Committee established under section 70112 of 
                title 46, United States Code--
                            (i) to facilitate the sharing of information related 
                        to cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation 
                        security incidents;
                            (ii) to timely report transportation security 
                        incidents to the national level; and
                            (iii) to disseminate such reports across the entire 
                        maritime transportation system via the National 
                        Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center; and
                    (B) issue voluntary guidance for the management of such 
                cybersecurity risks in each Area Maritime Transportation 
                Security Plan and facility security plan required under section 
                70103 of title 46, United States Code, approved after the date 
                that the cybersecurity risk assessment model is developed under 
                subsection (a) of this section.
    (d) Vulnerability Assessments and Security Plans.--
            (1) Facility and vessel assessments.--Section 70102(b)(1) of title 
        46, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 
                ``and by not later than December 31, 2004''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``security against 
                cybersecurity risks,'' after ``physical security,''.
            (2) Maritime transportation security plans.--Section 70103 of title 
        46, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than April 
                1, 2005, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                    (B) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(K) A plan to detect, respond to, and recover from 
                cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation security 
                incidents.'';
                    (C) in subsection (b)(2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (G)(ii), by striking ``; and'' 
                        and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraph (H) as 
                        subparagraph (I); and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (G) the 
                        following:
                    ``(H) include a plan for detecting, responding to, and 
                recovering from cybersecurity risks that may cause 
                transportation security incidents; and''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c)(3)(C)--
                            (i) in clause (iv), by striking ``; and'' and 
                        inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) by redesignating clause (v) as clause (vi); and
                            (iii) by inserting after clause (iv) the following:
                            ``(v) detecting, responding to, and recovering from 
                        cybersecurity risks that may cause transportation 
                        security incidents; and''.
            (3) Applicability.--The amendments made by this subsection shall 
        apply to assessments or security plans, or updates to such assessments 
        or plans, submitted after the date that the cybersecurity risk 
        assessment model is developed under subsection (a).
    (e) Brief to Congress.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Commandant of the Coast Guard and the Under Secretary responsible 
for overseeing the critical infrastructure protection, cybersecurity, and other 
related programs of the Department of Homeland Security shall provide to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a briefing on how the Coast Guard will assist 
in security and response in the port environment when a cyber-caused 
transportation security incident occurs, to include the use of cyber protection 
teams.

SEC. 1806. FACILITY INSPECTION INTERVALS.

    Section 70103(c)(4)(D) of title 46, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows:
                    ``(D) subject to the availability of appropriations, 
                periodically, but not less than one time per year, conduct a 
                risk-based, no notice facility inspection to verify the 
                effectiveness of each such facility security plan.''.

SEC. 1807. UPDATES OF MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN .

    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 435. MARITIME OPERATIONS COORDINATION PLAN.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 2018, and biennially thereafter, the 
Secretary shall--
            ``(1) update the Maritime Operations Coordination Plan, published by 
        the Department on July 7, 2011, to strengthen coordination, planning, 
        information sharing, and intelligence integration for maritime 
        operations of components and offices of the Department with 
        responsibility for maritime security missions; and
            ``(2) submit each update to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
        Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives.
    ``(b) Contents.--Each update shall address the following:
            ``(1) Coordinating the planning, integration of maritime operations, 
        and development of joint maritime domain awareness efforts of any 
        component or office of the Department with responsibility for maritime 
        security missions.
            ``(2) Maintaining effective information sharing and, as appropriate, 
        intelligence integration, with Federal, State, and local officials and 
        the private sector, regarding threats to maritime security.
            ``(3) Cooperating and coordinating with Federal departments and 
        agencies, and State and local agencies, in the maritime environment, in 
        support of maritime security missions.
            ``(4) Highlighting the work completed within the context of other 
        national and Department maritime security strategic guidance and how 
        that work fits with the Maritime Operations Coordination Plan.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136) is amended by 
adding after the item relating to section 434 the following:

``435. Maritime operations coordination plan.''.

SEC. 1808. EVALUATION OF COAST GUARD DEPLOYABLE SPECIALIZED FORCES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and 
Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
Representatives a report on the state of the Coast Guard's Deployable 
Specialized Forces (referred to in this section as DSF).
    (b) Contents.--The report shall include, at a minimum, the following:
            (1) For each of the past 3 fiscal years, and for each type of DSF, 
        the following:
                    (A) A cost analysis, including training, operating, and 
                travel costs.
                    (B) The number of personnel assigned.
                    (C) The total number of units.
                    (D) The total number of operations conducted.
                    (E) The number of operations requested by each of the 
                following:
                            (i) Coast Guard.
                            (ii) Other components or offices of the Department 
                        of Homeland Security.
                            (iii) Other Federal departments or agencies.
                            (iv) State agencies.
                            (v) Local agencies.
                    (F) The number of operations fulfilled in support of each 
                entity described in clauses (i) through (v) of subparagraph (E).
            (2) An examination of alternative distributions of deployable 
        specialized forces, including the feasibility, cost (including cost 
        savings), and impact on mission capability of such distributions, 
        including at a minimum the following:
                    (A) Combining deployable specialized forces, primarily 
                focused on counterdrug operations, under one centralized 
                command.
                    (B) Distributing counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism 
                capabilities to deployable specialized forces in each major 
                United States port.
    (c) Definition of Deployable Specialized Forces or DSF.--In this section, 
the term ``deployable specialized forces'' or ``DSF'' means the deployable 
specialized forces established under section 70106 of title 46, United States 
Code.

SEC. 1809. REPEAL OF INTERAGENCY OPERATIONAL CENTERS FOR PORT SECURITY AND 
              SECURE SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORTATION.

    (a) Interagency Operational Centers for Port Security.--
            (1) Repeal.--Section 70107A of title 46, United States Code, is 
        repealed.
            (2) Savings clause.--A repeal made by this subsection shall not 
        affect an interagency operational center established before the date of 
        enactment of this Act.
            (3) Notice to congress.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
        notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives at 
        least 1 year before ceasing operations of any interagency operational 
        center established before the date of enactment of the Security and 
        Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 
        1884).
    (b) Secure Systems of Transportation.--Section 70116 of title 46, United 
States Code, is repealed.
    (c) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Table of contents.--The table of contents for chapter 701 of 
        title 46, United States Code, is amended by striking the items relating 
        to sections 70107A and 70116.
            (2) Report requirement.--Section 108 of the Security and 
        Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 
        1893) is amended by striking subsection (b) (46 U.S.C. 70107A note) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(b) [Reserved].''.

SEC. 1810. DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS IN THE MARITIME DOMAIN.

    (a) GAO Analysis.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct an analysis of all operations in the applicable location 
        of--
                    (A) the Air and Marine Operations of the U.S. Customs and 
                Border Protection; and
                    (B) any other agency of the Department of Homeland Security 
                that operates air and marine assets;
            (2) in conducting the analysis under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) examine the extent to which the Air and Marine 
                Operations is synchronizing and deconflicting any duplicative 
                flight hours or patrols with the agencies described in paragraph 
                (1)(B); and
                    (B) include a sector-by-sector analysis of any potential 
                costs savings or other benefits that would be derived through 
                greater coordination of flight hours and patrols; and
            (3) submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the analysis, including any 
        recommendations.
    (b) DHS Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date the report is 
submitted under subsection (a)(3), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on what actions the 
Secretary plans to take in response to the findings of the analysis and 
recommendations of the Comptroller General.
    (c) Definition of Applicable Location.--In this section, the term 
``applicable location'' means any location in which the Air and Marine 
Operations of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection is based within 45 miles of 
a location in which any other agency of the Department of Homeland Security also 
operates air and marine assets.

SEC. 1811. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle C of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 231 et seq.), as amended by section 1807 of this Act, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 436. MARITIME SECURITY CAPABILITIES ASSESSMENTS.

    ``Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Maritime 
Security Improvement Act of 2018, and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland 
Security of the House of Representatives, an assessment of the number and type 
of maritime assets and the number of personnel required to increase the 
Department's maritime response rate pursuant to section 1092 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 223).''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2136), as amended 
by section 1807 of this Act, is further amended by adding after the item 
relating to section 435 the following:

``436. Maritime security capabilities assessments.''.

SEC. 1812. CONTAINER SECURITY INITIATIVE.

    Section 205(l) of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 
(6 U.S.C. 945) is amended--
            (1) by striking paragraph (2); and
            (2) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by striking ``(1) In general.--Not later than September 
                30, 2007,'' and inserting ``Not later than 270 days after the 
                date of enactment of the Maritime Security Improvement Act of 
                2018,''; and
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (H) as 
                paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively.

SEC. 1813. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY REVIEW.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Maritime border.--The term ``maritime border'' means--
                    (A) the transit zone; and
                    (B) the borders and territorial waters of Puerto Rico and 
                the United States Virgin Islands.
            (2) Transit zone.--The term ``transit zone'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 1092(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act 
        for Fiscal Year 2017 (6 U.S.C. 223(a)).
    (b) Maritime Border Threat Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a maritime border threat analysis 
        that includes an identification and description of the following:
                    (A) Current and potential threats posed by the individuals 
                and groups seeking to--
                            (i) enter the United States through the maritime 
                        border; or
                            (ii) exploit border vulnerabilities on the maritime 
                        border.
                    (B) Improvements needed at United States sea ports--
                            (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror 
                        from entering the United States; and
                            (ii) to reduce criminal activity, as measured by the 
                        total flow of illegal goods and illicit drugs, related 
                        to the maritime border.
                    (C) Improvements needed with respect to the maritime 
                border--
                            (i) to prevent terrorists and instruments of terror 
                        from entering the United States; and
                            (ii) reduce criminal activity related to the 
                        maritime border.
                    (D) Vulnerabilities in law, policy, cooperation between 
                State, territorial, and local law enforcement, or international 
                agreements that hinder effective and efficient border security, 
                counterterrorism, anti-human trafficking efforts, and the flow 
                of legitimate trade with respect to the maritime border.
                    (E) Metrics and performance parameters used by the 
                Department of Homeland Security to evaluate maritime security 
                effectiveness, as appropriate.
            (2) Analysis requirements.--In preparing the threat analysis under 
        subsection (a), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consider the 
        following:
                    (A) Technology needs and challenges.
                    (B) Personnel needs and challenges.
                    (C) The role of State, territorial, and local law 
                enforcement in maritime border security activities.
                    (D) The need for cooperation among Federal, State, 
                territorial, local, and appropriate international law 
                enforcement entities relating to maritime border security.
                    (E) The geographic challenges of the maritime border.
                    (F) The impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Nate 
                on general border security activities with respect to the 
                maritime border.
            (3) Classified threat analysis.--
                    (A) In general.--To the extent possible, the Secretary of 
                Homeland Security shall submit the threat analysis under 
                subsection (a) in unclassified form.
                    (B) Classified.--The Secretary may submit a portion of the 
                threat analysis in classified form if the Secretary determines 
                that such form is appropriate for such portion.

SEC. 1814. MARITIME BORDER SECURITY COOPERATION.

    The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall, 
in accordance with law--
            (1) partner with other Federal, State, and local government agencies 
        to leverage existing technology, including existing sensor and camera 
        systems and other sensors, in place along the maritime border to 
        facilitate monitoring of high-risk maritime borders, as determined by 
        the Secretary; and
            (2) subject to the availability of appropriations, enter into such 
        agreements as the Secretary considers necessary to ensure the monitoring 
        described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 1815. TRANSPORTATION WORKER IDENTIFICATION CREDENTIAL APPEALS PROCESS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Homeland Security shall transmit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the following:
            (1) The average completion time of an appeal under the appeals 
        process established under section 70105(c)(4) of title 46, United States 
        Code.
            (2) The most common reasons for any delays at each step in such 
        process.
            (3) Recommendations on how to resolve any such delays as 
        expeditiously as possible.

SEC. 1816. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Study to Identify Redundant Background Records Checks.--Section 105 of 
the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-347; 
120 Stat. 1891) and the item relating to that section in the table of contents 
for that Act are repealed.
    (b) Domestic Radiation Detection and Imaging.--Section 121 of the Security 
and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 921) is amended--
            (1) by striking subsections (c), (d), and (e);
            (2) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) as 
        subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (e)(1)(B), as redesignated, by striking ``(and 
        updating, if any, of that strategy under subsection (c))''.
    (c) Inspection of Car Ferries Entering From Abroad.--Section 122 of the 
Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 922) and the 
item relating to that section in the table of contents for that Act are 
repealed.
    (d) Report on Arrival and Departure Manifest for Certain Commercial Vessels 
in the United States Virgin Islands.--Section 127 of the Security and 
Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (120 Stat. 1900) and the item relating 
to that section in the table of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (e) International Cooperation and Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--Section 233 of the Security and Accountability for 
        Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 983) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 233. INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY AND TRAINING.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary of 
State, the Secretary of Energy, and appropriate representatives of other Federal 
agencies, may provide technical assistance, equipment, and training to 
facilitate the implementation of supply chain security measures at ports 
designated under the Container Security Initiative.
    ``(b) Acquisition and Training.--Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the 
Secretary may--
            ``(1) lease, loan, provide, or otherwise assist in the deployment of 
        nonintrusive inspection and radiation detection equipment at foreign 
        land and sea ports under such terms and conditions as the Secretary 
        prescribes, including nonreimbursable loans or the transfer of ownership 
        of equipment; and
            ``(2) provide training and technical assistance for domestic or 
        foreign personnel responsible for operating or maintaining such 
        equipment.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
        Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-
        347; 120 Stat. 1884) is amended by amending the item relating to section 
        233 to read as follows:

``Sec. 233. Inspection technology and training.''.
    (f) Pilot Program to Improve the Security of Empty Containers.--Section 235 
of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (6 U.S.C. 984) and 
the item relating to that section in the table of contents for that Act are 
repealed.
    (g) Security Plan for Essential Air Service and Small Community Airports.--
Section 701 of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 
(Public Law 109-347; 120 Stat. 1943) and the item relating to that section in 
the table of contents for that Act are repealed.
    (h) Aircraft Charter Customer and Lessee Prescreening Program.--Section 708 
of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-
347; 120 Stat. 1947) and the item relating to that section in the table of 
contents for that Act are repealed.

                       DIVISION K--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

                        TITLE I--TRANSPORTATION SECURITY

SEC. 1901. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES.

    (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``TSA Modernization Act''.
    (b) References to Title 49, United States Code.--Except as otherwise 
expressly provided, wherever in this title an amendment or repeal is expressed 
in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the 
reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of 
title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 1902. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the TSA.
            (2) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term ``appropriate 
        committees of Congress'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
                of the Senate;
                    (B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
                Affairs of the Senate; and
                    (C) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (3) ASAC.--The term ``ASAC'' means the Aviation Security Advisory 
        Committee established under section 44946 of title 49, United States 
        Code.
            (4) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the Department of 
        Homeland Security.
            (5) Explosive detection canine team.--The term ``explosives 
        detection canine team'' means a canine and a canine handler that are 
        trained to detect explosives and other threats as defined by the 
        Secretary.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        Homeland Security.
            (7) TSA.--The term ``TSA'' means the Transportation Security 
        Administration.

                   Subtitle A--Organization and Authorizations

SEC. 1903. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 114(w) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(w) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Transportation Security Administration for salaries, 
operations, and maintenance of the Administration--
            ``(1) $7,849,247,000 for fiscal year 2019;
            ``(2) $7,888,494,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
            ``(3) $7,917,936,000 for fiscal year 2021.''.

SEC. 1904. ADMINISTRATOR OF THE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION; 5-YEAR 
              TERM.

    (a) In General.--Section 114, as amended by section 1903 of this Act, is 
further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Department of Transportation'' 
        and inserting ``Department of Homeland Security'';
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b) Leadership.--
            ``(1) Head of transportation security administration.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--The head of the Administration shall be 
                the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
                (referred to in this section as the `Administrator'). The 
                Administrator shall be appointed by the President, by and with 
                the advice and consent of the Senate.
                    ``(B) Qualifications.--The Administrator must--
                            ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                            ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related 
                        to transportation or security.
                    ``(C) Term.--Effective with respect to any individual 
                appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent 
                of the Senate, after the date of enactment of the TSA 
                Modernization Act, the term of office of an individual appointed 
                as the Administrator shall be 5 years. The term of office of an 
                individual serving as the Administrator on the date of enactment 
                of the TSA Modernization Act shall be 5 years beginning on the 
                date that the Administrator began serving.
            ``(2) Deputy administrator.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
                Transportation Security Administration a Deputy Administrator, 
                who shall assist the Administrator in the management of the 
                Transportation Security Administration. The Deputy Administrator 
                shall be appointed by the President.
                    ``(B) Vacancy.--The Deputy Administrator shall be Acting 
                Administrator during the absence or incapacity of the 
                Administrator or during a vacancy in the office of 
                Administrator.
                    ``(C) Qualifications.--The Deputy Administrator must--
                            ``(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
                            ``(ii) have experience in a field directly related 
                        to transportation or security.
            ``(3) Chief counsel.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--There is established in the 
                Transportation Security Administration a Chief Counsel, who 
                shall advise the Administrator and other senior officials on all 
                legal matters relating to the responsibilities, functions, and 
                management of the Transportation Security Administration.
                    ``(B) Qualifications.--The Chief Counsel must be a citizen 
                of the United States.''; and
            (3) in subsections (c) through (n), (p), (q), and (r), by striking 
        ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
        ``Administrator''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) In general.--Section 114, as amended by subsection (a) of this 
        section, is further amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                                (A), by striking ``Subject to the direction and 
                                control of the Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Subject to the direction and control of the 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of 
                                Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                        Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (j)(1)(D), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (C) in subsection (k), by striking ``functions transferred, 
                on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                Transportation Security Act,'' and inserting ``functions 
                assigned'';
                    (D) in subsection (l)(4)(B), by striking ``Administrator 
                under subparagraph (A)'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration under subparagraph (A)'';
                    (E) in subsection (n), by striking ``Department of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
                Security'';
                    (F) in subsection (o), by striking ``Department of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Department of Homeland 
                Security'';
                    (G) in subsection (p)(4), by striking ``Secretary of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland 
                Security'';
                    (H) in subsection (s)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3)(B), by inserting ``)'' after 
                        ``Act of 2007''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``Submissions of plans to congress'' and 
                                inserting ``Submission of plans'';
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (A);
                                    (III) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) 
                                through (E) as subparagraphs (A) through (D), 
                                respectively;
                                    (IV) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated--
                                            (aa) in the heading, by striking 
                                        ``Subsequent versions'' and inserting 
                                        ``In general''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``After December 
                                        31, 2015, the'' and inserting ``The''; 
                                        and
                                    (V) in subparagraph (B)(ii)(III)(cc), as 
                                redesignated, by striking ``for the Department'' 
                                and inserting ``for the Department of Homeland 
                                Security'';
                    (I) by redesignating subsections (u), (v), and (w) as 
                subsections (t), (u), and (v), respectively;
                    (J) in subsection (t), as redesignated--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking subparagraph (D); and
                                    (II) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as 
                                subparagraph (D);
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                        Security'' after ``Plan, the Secretary'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (4)(B)--
                                    (I) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' 
                                after ``agency within the Department''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``of Homeland Security'' 
                                after ``Secretary'';
                            (iv) by amending paragraph (6) to read as follows:
            ``(6) Annual report on plan.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
        shall annually submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report containing the Plan.''; and
                            (v) in paragraphs (7) and (8), by inserting ``of 
                        Homeland Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                    (K) in subsection (u), as redesignated--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``or 
                                the Administrator'' after ``Secretary of 
                                Homeland Security''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking 
                                ``Secretary's designee'' and inserting 
                                ``Secretary of Defense's designee'';
                                    (III) in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and 
                                (E) of paragraph (3), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                                Security'' after ``Secretary'' each place it 
                                appears;
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                        Security'' after ``Secretary'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``of Homeland 
                        Security'' after ``Secretary''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (7)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not 
                                later than December 31, 2008, and annually 
                                thereafter, the Secretary'' and inserting ``The 
                                Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (D).
            (2) Congressional oversight of security assurance for public and 
        private stakeholders.--Section 1203(b)(1)(B) of the Implementing 
        Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (49 U.S.C. 114 note) 
        is amended by striking ``, under section 114(u)(7) of title 49, United 
        States Code, as added by this section, or otherwise,''.
    (c) Executive Schedule.--
            (1) Administrator of the tsa.--
                    (A) Positions at level ii.--Section 5313 of title 5, United 
                States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
                the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management the 
                following:
    ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.''.
                    (B) Bonus eligibility.--Section 101(c)(2) of the Aviation 
                and Transportation Security Act (5 U.S.C. 5313 note) is 
                amended--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``on the Secretary's'' and 
                        inserting ``on the Secretary of Homeland Security's''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator's''.
            (2) Deputy administrator of the tsa.--Section 5314 of title 5, 
        United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
        Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency the 
        following:
    ``Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.''.
            (3) Nonapplicability.--The amendment made by paragraph (2) of this 
        subsection shall not affect the salary of an individual who is 
        performing the duties of the Deputy Administrator on the date of 
        enactment of this Act, even if that individual is subsequently appointed 
        as Deputy Administrator.

SEC. 1905. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATION.

    Section 114, as amended by sections 1903 and 1904 of this Act, is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(w) Leadership and Organization.--
            ``(1) In general.--For each of the areas described in paragraph (2), 
        the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration shall 
        appoint at least 1 individual who shall--
                    ``(A) report directly to the Administrator or the 
                Administrator's designated direct report; and
                    ``(B) be responsible and accountable for that area.
            ``(2) Areas described.--The areas described in this paragraph are as 
        follows:
                    ``(A) Aviation security operations and training, including 
                risk-based, adaptive security--
                            ``(i) focused on airport checkpoint and baggage 
                        screening operations;
                            ``(ii) workforce training and development programs; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) ensuring compliance with aviation security 
                        law, including regulations, and other specialized 
                        programs designed to secure air transportation.
                    ``(B) Surface transportation security operations and 
                training, including risk-based, adaptive security--
                            ``(i) focused on accomplishing security systems 
                        assessments;
                            ``(ii) reviewing and prioritizing projects for 
                        appropriated surface transportation security grants;
                            ``(iii) operator compliance with surface 
                        transportation security law, including regulations, and 
                        voluntary industry standards; and
                            ``(iv) workforce training and development programs, 
                        and other specialized programs designed to secure 
                        surface transportation.
                    ``(C) Transportation industry engagement and planning, 
                including the development, interpretation, promotion, and 
                oversight of a unified effort regarding risk-based, risk-
                reducing security policies and plans (including strategic 
                planning for future contingencies and security challenges) 
                between government and transportation stakeholders, including 
                airports, domestic and international airlines, general aviation, 
                air cargo, mass transit and passenger rail, freight rail, 
                pipeline, highway and motor carriers, and maritime.
                    ``(D) International strategy and operations, including 
                agency efforts to work with international partners to secure the 
                global transportation network.
                    ``(E) Trusted and registered traveler programs, including 
                the management and marketing of the agency's trusted traveler 
                initiatives, including the PreCheck Program, and coordination 
                with trusted traveler programs of other Department of Homeland 
                Security agencies and the private sector.
                    ``(F) Technology acquisition and deployment, including the 
                oversight, development, testing, evaluation, acquisition, 
                deployment, and maintenance of security technology and other 
                acquisition programs.
                    ``(G) Inspection and compliance, including the integrity, 
                efficiency and effectiveness of the agency's workforce, 
                operations, and programs through objective audits, covert 
                testing, inspections, criminal investigations, and regulatory 
                compliance.
                    ``(H) Civil rights, liberties, and traveler engagement, 
                including ensuring that agency employees and the traveling 
                public are treated in a fair and lawful manner consistent with 
                Federal laws and regulations protecting privacy and prohibiting 
                discrimination and reprisal.
                    ``(I) Legislative and public affairs, including 
                communication and engagement with internal and external 
                audiences in a timely, accurate, and transparent manner, and 
                development and implementation of strategies within the agency 
                to achieve congressional approval or authorization of agency 
                programs and policies.
            ``(3) Notification.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress--
                    ``(A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
                the TSA Modernization Act, a list of the names of the 
                individuals appointed under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(B) an update of the list not later than 5 days after any 
                new individual is appointed under paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 1906. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY.

    (a) Efficiency Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall complete a comprehensive, agency-
        wide efficiency review of the TSA to identify and effectuate spending 
        reductions and administrative savings that can be achieved by the 
        streamlining or restructuring of TSA divisions.
            (2) Requirements.--In carrying out the review under paragraph (1), 
        the Administrator shall consider the following:
                    (A) Eliminating unnecessarily duplicative or overlapping 
                programs and initiatives.
                    (B) Eliminating unnecessary or obsolete rules, regulations, 
                directives, or procedures.
                    (C) Reducing overall operating expenses of the TSA, 
                including costs associated with the number of personnel, as a 
                direct result of efficiencies gained through the implementation 
                of risk-based screening or through any other means as determined 
                appropriate by the Administrator in accordance with this 
                section.
                    (D) Reducing, by 20 percent, the number of positions at the 
                Senior Executive Service level at the TSA as calculated on the 
                date of enactment of this Act.
                    (E) Such other matters the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
    (b) Report to Congress.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
efficiency review under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the findings, 
including a description of any cost savings expected to be achieved by the 
streamlining or restructuring of TSA divisions.

SEC. 1907. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REVIEW.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall convene a working group consisting of 
representatives of the TSA and representatives of the labor organization 
representing security screening personnel to recommend reforms to the TSA's 
personnel management system, including appeals to the Merit Systems Protection 
Board and grievance procedures.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the working group convened under subsection (a) shall submit to the 
Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress a report containing 
proposed, mutually agreed-upon recommendations to reform the TSA's personnel 
management system.
    (c) Implementation.--To the extent authorized under law, the Administrator 
may implement 1 or more of the recommendations submitted under subsection (b).
    (d) Termination.--The working group shall terminate on the date that the 
report is submitted under subsection (b).

SEC. 1908. TSA LEAP PAY REFORM.

    (a) Definition of Basic Pay.--Clause (ii) of section 8331(3)(E) of title 5, 
United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
                            ``(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a 
                        Federal air marshal or criminal investigator (as defined 
                        in section 5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration, subject to all restrictions and earning 
                        limitations imposed on criminal investigators receiving 
                        such pay under section 5545a, including the premium pay 
                        limitations under section 5547;''.
    (b) Effective Date; Applicability.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), this section, and the 
        amendments made by this section, shall take effect on the first day of 
        the first pay period commencing on or after the date of enactment of 
        this section.
            (2) Retroactive application.--
                    (A) In general.--Any availability pay received for any pay 
                period commencing before the date of enactment of this Act by a 
                Federal air marshal or criminal investigator employed by the 
                Transportation Security Administration shall be deemed basic pay 
                under section 8331(3) of title 5, United States Code, if the 
                Transportation Security Administration treated such pay as 
                retirement-creditable basic pay, but the Office of Personnel 
                Management, based on an interpretation of section 8331(3) of 
                title 5, United States Code, did not accept such pay as 
                retirement-creditable basic pay.
                    (B) Implementation.--Not later than 3 months after the date 
                of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of 
                Personnel Management shall commence taking such actions as are 
                necessary to implement the amendments made by this section with 
                respect to availability pay deemed to be basic pay under 
                subparagraph (A).

SEC. 1909. RANK AWARDS PROGRAM FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 
              EXECUTIVES AND SENIOR PROFESSIONALS.

    Section 114(n), as amended by section 1904 of this Act, is further amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(1) In general.--'' before ``The personnel 
        management system'' and indenting appropriately; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Meritorious executive or distinguished executive rank 
        awards.--Notwithstanding section 40122(g)(2) of this title, the 
        applicable sections of title 5 shall apply to the Transportation 
        Security Administration personnel management system, except that--
                    ``(A) for purposes of applying such provisions to the 
                personnel management system--
                            ``(i) the term `agency' means the Department of 
                        Homeland Security;
                            ``(ii) the term `senior executive' means a 
                        Transportation Security Administration executive serving 
                        on a Transportation Security Executive Service 
                        appointment;
                            ``(iii) the term `career appointee' means a 
                        Transportation Security Administration executive serving 
                        on a career Transportation Security Executive Service 
                        appointment; and
                            ``(iv) The term `senior career employee' means a 
                        Transportation Security Administration employee covered 
                        by the Transportation Security Administration Core 
                        Compensation System at the L or M pay band;
                    ``(B) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career 
                employee of the rank of Meritorious Executive or Meritorious 
                Senior Professional entitles the individual to a lump-sum 
                payment of an amount equal to 20 percent of annual basic pay, 
                which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the 
                applicable Transportation Security Administration pay system; 
                and
                    ``(C) receipt by a career appointee or a senior career 
                employee of the rank of Distinguished Executive or Distinguished 
                Senior Professional entitles the individual to a lump-sum 
                payment of an amount equal to 35 percent of annual basic pay, 
                which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under the 
                applicable Transportation Security Administration pay system.
            ``(3) Definition of applicable sections of title 5.--In this 
        subsection, the term `applicable sections of title 5' means--
                    ``(A) subsections (b), (c) and (d) of section 4507 of title 
                5; and
                    ``(B) subsections (b) and (c) of section 4507a of title 
                5.''.

SEC. 1910. TRANSMITTALS TO CONGRESS.

    With regard to each report, legislative proposal, or other communication of 
the Executive Branch related to the TSA and required to be submitted to Congress 
or the appropriate committees of Congress, the Administrator shall transmit such 
communication directly to the appropriate committees of Congress.

                         Subtitle B--Security Technology

SEC. 1911. THIRD PARTY TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--In carrying out the responsibilities under section 
114(f)(9), the Administrator shall develop and implement, not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, a program to enable a vendor of related 
security screening technology to obtain testing and verification, including as 
an alternative to the TSA's test and evaluation process, by an appropriate third 
party, of such technology before procurement or deployment.
    (b) Detection Testing.--
            (1) In general.--The third party testing and verification program 
        authorized under subsection (a) shall include detection testing to 
        evaluate the performance of the security screening technology system 
        regarding the probability of detection, the probability of false alarm, 
        and such other indicators that the system is able to meet the TSA's 
        mission needs.
            (2) Results.--The results of the third party detection testing under 
        paragraph (1) shall be considered final if the results are approved by 
        the Administration in accordance with approval standards developed by 
        the Administrator.
            (3) Coordination with final testing.--To the extent practicable, but 
        without compromising the integrity of the TSA test and evaluation 
        process, the Administrator shall coordinate the third party detection 
        testing under paragraph (1) with any subsequent, final Federal 
        Government testing.
            (4) International standards.--To the extent practicable and 
        permissible under law and considering the national security interests of 
        the United States, the Administrator shall--
                    (A) share detection testing information and standards with 
                appropriate international partners; and
                    (B) coordinate with the appropriate international partners 
                to align TSA testing and evaluation with relevant international 
                standards to maximize the capability to detect explosives and 
                other threats.
    (c) Operational Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the third party testing 
        and verification program authorized under subsection (a) shall include 
        operational testing.
            (2) Limitation.--Third party operational testing under paragraph (1) 
        may not exceed 1 year.
    (d) Alternative.--Third party testing under subsection (a) shall replace as 
an alternative, at the discretion of the Administrator, the testing at the TSA 
Systems Integration Facility, including testing for--
            (1) health and safety factors;
            (2) operator interface;
            (3) human factors;
            (4) environmental factors;
            (5) throughput;
            (6) reliability, maintainability, and availability factors; and
            (7) interoperability.
    (e) Testing and Verification Framework.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) establish a framework for the third party testing and 
                for verifying a security technology is operationally effective 
                and able to meet the TSA's mission needs before it may enter or 
                re-enter, as applicable, the operational context at an airport 
                or other transportation facility;
                    (B) use phased implementation to allow the TSA and the third 
                party to establish best practices; and
                    (C) oversee the third party testing and evaluation 
                framework.
            (2) Recommendations.--The Administrator shall request ASAC's 
        Security Technology Subcommittee, in consultation with representatives 
        of the security manufacturers industry, to develop and submit to the 
        Administrator recommendations for the third party testing and 
        verification framework.
    (f) Field Testing.--The Administrator shall prioritize the field testing and 
evaluation, including by third parties, of security technology and equipment at 
airports and on site at security technology manufacturers whenever possible as 
an alternative to the TSA Systems Integration Facility.
    (g) Appropriate Third Parties.--
            (1) Citizenship requirement.--An appropriate third party under 
        subsection (a) shall be--
                    (A) if an individual, a citizen of the United States; or
                    (B) if an entity, owned and controlled by a citizen of the 
                United States.
            (2) Waiver.--The Administrator may waive the requirement under 
        paragraph (1)(B) if the entity is a United States subsidiary of a parent 
        company that has implemented a foreign ownership, control, or influence 
        mitigation plan that has been approved by the Defense Security Service 
        of the Department of Defense before applying to provide third party 
        testing. The Administrator may reject any application to provide third 
        party testing under subsection (a) submitted by an entity that requires 
        a waiver under this paragraph.
            (3) Conflicts of interest.--The Administrator shall ensure, to the 
        extent possible, that an entity providing third party testing under this 
        section does not have a contractual, business, or other pecuniary 
        interest (exclusive of any such testing) in--
                    (A) the security screening technology subject to such 
                testing; or
                    (B) the vendor of such technology.
    (h) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit 
        to the appropriate committees of Congress a study on the third party 
        testing program developed under this section
            (2) Review.--The study under paragraph (1) shall include a review of 
        the following:
                    (A) Any efficiencies or gains in effectiveness achieved in 
                TSA operations, including technology acquisition or screening 
                operations, as a result of such program.
                    (B) The degree to which the TSA conducts timely and regular 
                oversight of the appropriate third parties engaged in such 
                testing.
                    (C) The effect of such program on the following:
                            (i) The introduction of innovative detection 
                        technologies into security screening operations.
                            (ii) The availability of testing for technologies 
                        developed by small to medium sized businesses.
                    (D) Any vulnerabilities associated with such program, 
                including with respect to the following:
                            (i) National security.
                            (ii) Any conflicts of interest between the 
                        appropriate third parties engaged in such testing and 
                        the entities providing such technologies to be tested.
                            (iii) Waste, fraud, and abuse.

SEC. 1912. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION FACILITY.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall continue to operate the 
Transportation Security Administration Systems Integration Facility (referred to 
in this section as the ``TSIF'') for the purposes of testing and evaluating 
advanced transportation security screening technologies related to the mission 
of the TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The TSIF shall--
            (1) evaluate the technologies described in subsection (a) to enhance 
        the security of transportation systems through screening and threat 
        mitigation and detection;
            (2) test the technologies described in subsection (a) to support 
        identified mission needs of the TSA and to meet requirements for 
        acquisitions and procurement;
            (3) to the extent practicable, provide original equipment 
        manufacturers with test plans to minimize requirement interpretation 
        disputes and adhere to provided test plans;
            (4) collaborate with other technical laboratories and facilities for 
        purposes of augmenting the capabilities of the TSIF;
            (5) deliver advanced transportation security screening technologies 
        that enhance the overall security of domestic transportation systems; 
        and
            (6) to the extent practicable, provide funding and promote efforts 
        to enable participation by a small business concern (as the term is 
        described under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)) 
        that--
                    (A) has an advanced technology or capability; but
                    (B) does not have adequate resources to participate in 
                testing and evaluation processes.
    (c) Staffing and Resource Allocation.--The Administrator shall ensure 
adequate staffing and resource allocations for the TSIF in a manner that--
            (1) prevents unnecessary delays in the testing and evaluation of 
        advanced transportation security screening technologies for acquisitions 
        and procurement determinations;
            (2) ensures the issuance of final paperwork certification no later 
        than 45 days after the date such testing and evaluation has concluded; 
        and
            (3) ensures collaboration with technology stakeholders to close 
        capabilities gaps in transportation security.
    (d) Deadline.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate 
        committees of Congress if testing and evaluation by the TSIF of an 
        advanced transportation security screening technology under this section 
        exceeds 180 days from the delivery date.
            (2) Notification.--The notification under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) information relating to the delivery date;
                    (B) a justification for why the testing and evaluation 
                process has exceeded 180 days; and
                    (C) the estimated date for completion of such testing and 
                evaluation.
            (3) Definition of delivery date.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``delivery date'' means the date that the owner of an advanced 
        transportation security screening technology--
                    (A) after installation, delivers the technology to the TSA 
                for testing and evaluation; and
                    (B) submits to the Administrator, in such form and manner as 
                the Administrator prescribes, a signed notification of the 
                delivery described in subparagraph (A).
    (e) Retesting and Evaluation.--Advanced transportation security screening 
technology that fails testing and evaluation by the TSIF may be retested and 
evaluated at the discretion of the Administrator.
    (f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed to 
affect the authority or responsibility of an officer of the Department, or an 
officer of any other Federal department or agency, with respect to research, 
development, testing, and evaluation of technologies, including such authorities 
or responsibilities of the Undersecretary for Science and Technology of the 
Department and Assistant Secretary of the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction 
Office of the Department.

SEC. 1913. OPPORTUNITIES TO PURSUE EXPANDED NETWORKS FOR BUSINESS.

    (a) Strategy.--Subtitle B of title of title XVI of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end following:

``SEC. 1617. DIVERSIFIED SECURITY TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY MARKETPLACE.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a strategy to 
promote a diverse security technology industry marketplace upon which the 
Administrator can rely to acquire advanced transportation security technologies 
or capabilities, including by increased participation of small business 
innovators.
    ``(b) Contents.--The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            ``(1) Information on how existing Administration solicitation, 
        testing, evaluation, piloting, acquisition, and procurement processes 
        impact the Administrator's ability to acquire from the security 
        technology industry marketplace, including small business innovators 
        that have not previously provided technology to the Administration, 
        innovative technologies or capabilities with the potential to enhance 
        transportation security.
            ``(2) Specific actions that the Administrator will take, including 
        modifications to the processes described in paragraph (1), to foster 
        diversification within the security technology industry marketplace.
            ``(3) Projected timelines for implementing the actions described in 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(4) Plans for how the Administrator could, to the extent 
        practicable, assist a small business innovator periodically during such 
        processes, including when such an innovator lacks adequate resources to 
        participate in such processes, to facilitate an advanced transportation 
        security technology or capability being developed and acquired by the 
        Administrator.
            ``(5) An assessment of the feasibility of partnering with an 
        organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code 
        of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such Code to provide 
        venture capital to businesses, particularly small business innovators, 
        for commercialization of innovative transportation security technologies 
        that are expected to be ready for commercialization in the near term and 
        within 36 months.
    ``(c) Feasibility Assessment.--In conducting the feasibility assessment 
under subsection (b)(5), the Administrator shall consider the following:
            ``(1) Establishing an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under section 
        501(a) of such Code as a venture capital partnership between the private 
        sector and the intelligence community to help businesses, particularly 
        small business innovators, commercialize innovative security-related 
        technologies.
            ``(2) Enhanced engagement through the Science and Technology 
        Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed as 
requiring changes to the Transportation Security Administration standards for 
security technology.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Intelligence community.--The term `intelligence community' has 
        the meaning given the term in section 3 of the National Security Act of 
        1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003).
            ``(2) Small business concern.--The term `small business concern' has 
        the meaning described under section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
        U.S.C. 632).
            ``(3) Small business innovator.--The term `small business innovator' 
        means a small business concern that has an advanced transportation 
        security technology or capability.''.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date the strategy is 
submitted under section 1617 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the extent to which the strategy--
                    (A) addresses the requirements of that section;
                    (B) has resulted in increased participation of small 
                business innovators in the security technology industry 
                marketplace; and
                    (C) has diversified the security technology industry 
                marketplace; and
            (2) submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
        of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives the findings of the review and any recommendations.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 1616 the following:

``1617. Diversified security technology industry marketplace.''.

SEC. 1914. RECIPROCAL RECOGNITION OF SECURITY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator, in coordination with appropriate 
international aviation security authorities, shall develop a validation process 
for the reciprocal recognition of security equipment technology approvals among 
international security partners or recognized certification authorities for 
deployment.
    (b) Requirement.--The validation process shall ensure that the certification 
by each participating international security partner or recognized certification 
authority complies with detection, qualification, and information security, 
including cybersecurity, standards of the TSA, the Department of Homeland 
Security, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

SEC. 1915. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY LABORATORY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Administrator and the 
Undersecretary for Science and Technology--
            (1) shall conduct a review to determine whether the TSA is the most 
        appropriate component within the Department to administer the 
        Transportation Security Laboratory; and
            (2) may direct the TSA to administer the Transportation Security 
        Laboratory if the review under paragraph (1) identifies the TSA as the 
        most appropriate component.
    (b) Periodic Reviews.--The Secretary shall periodically review the screening 
technology test and evaluation process conducted at the Transportation Security 
Laboratory to improve the coordination, collaboration, and communication between 
the Transportation Security Laboratory and the TSA to identify factors 
contributing to acquisition inefficiencies, develop strategies to reduce 
acquisition inefficiencies, facilitate more expeditious initiation and 
completion of testing, and identify how laboratory practices can better support 
acquisition decisions.
    (c) Reports.--The Secretary shall report the findings of each review under 
this section to the appropriate committees of Congress.

SEC. 1916. INNOVATION TASK FORCE.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall establish an innovation task 
force--
            (1) to cultivate innovations in transportation security;
            (2) to develop and recommend how to prioritize and streamline 
        requirements for new approaches to transportation security;
            (3) to accelerate the development and introduction of new innovative 
        transportation security technologies and improvements to transportation 
        security operations; and
            (4) to provide industry with access to the airport environment 
        during the technology development and assessment process to demonstrate 
        the technology and to collect data to understand and refine technical 
        operations and human factor issues.
    (b) Activities.--The task force shall--
            (1) conduct activities to identify and develop an innovative 
        technology, emerging security capability, or process designed to enhance 
        transportation security, including--
                    (A) by conducting a field demonstration of such a 
                technology, capability, or process in the airport environment;
                    (B) by gathering performance data from such a demonstration 
                to inform the acquisition process; and
                    (C) by enabling a small business with an innovative 
                technology or emerging security capability, but less than 
                adequate resources, to participate in such a demonstration;
            (2) conduct at least quarterly collaboration meetings with industry, 
        including air carriers, airport operators, and other transportation 
        security stakeholders to highlight and discuss best practices on 
        innovative security operations and technology evaluation and deployment; 
        and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual 
        report on the effectiveness of key performance data from task force-
        sponsored projects and checkpoint enhancements.
    (c) Composition.--
            (1) Appointment.--The Administrator, in consultation with the 
        Chairperson of ASAC shall appoint the members of the task force.
            (2) Chairperson.--The task force shall be chaired by the 
        Administrator's designee.
            (3) Representation.--The task force shall be comprised of 
        representatives of--
                    (A) the relevant offices of the TSA;
                    (B) if considered appropriate by the Administrator, the 
                Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland 
                Security;
                    (C) any other component of the Department of Homeland 
                Security that the Administrator considers appropriate; and
                    (D) such industry representatives as the Administrator 
                considers appropriate.
    (d) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
require the acquisition or deployment of an innovative technology, emerging 
security capability, or process identified, developed, or recommended under this 
section.
    (e) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. 
App.) shall not apply to the task force established under this section.

SEC. 1917. 5-YEAR TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PLAN UPDATE.

    Section 1611 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 563) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) by striking the matter preceding paragraph (1) and 
                inserting ``The Administrator shall, in collaboration with 
                relevant industry and government stakeholders, annually submit 
                to Congress in an appendix to the budget request and publish in 
                an unclassified format in the public domain--'';
                    (B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``; and'' and inserting a 
                semicolon;
                    (C) in paragraph (2), by striking the period and inserting 
                ``; and''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) information about acquisitions completed during the fiscal 
        year preceding the fiscal year during which the report is submitted.''; 
        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Additional Update Requirements.--Updates and reports under subsection 
(g) shall--
            ``(1) be prepared in consultation with--
                    ``(A) the persons described in subsection (b); and
                    ``(B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
                established under section 404; and
            ``(2) include--
                    ``(A) information relating to technology investments by the 
                Transportation Security Administration and the private sector 
                that the Department supports with research, development, 
                testing, and evaluation for aviation, including air cargo, and 
                surface transportation security;
                    ``(B) information about acquisitions completed during the 
                fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the report is 
                submitted;
                    ``(C) information relating to equipment of the 
                Transportation Security Administration that is in operation 
                after the end of the life-cycle of the equipment specified by 
                the manufacturer of the equipment; and
                    ``(D) to the extent practicable, a classified addendum to 
                report sensitive transportation security risks and associated 
                capability gaps that would be best addressed by security-related 
                technology described in subparagraph (A).''.
    ``(i) Notice of Covered Changes to Plan.--
            ``(1) Notice required.--The Administrator shall submit to the 
        Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the 
        Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives notice of 
        any covered change to the Plan not later than 90 days after the date 
        that the covered change is made.
            ``(2) Definition of covered change.--In this subsection, the term 
        `covered change' means--
                    ``(A) an increase or decrease in the dollar amount allocated 
                to the procurement of a technology; or
                    ``(B) an increase or decrease in the number of a 
                technology.''.

SEC. 1918. MAINTENANCE OF SECURITY-RELATED TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
561 et seq.), as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:

            ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``SEC. 1621. MAINTENANCE VALIDATION AND OVERSIGHT.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and implement a 
preventive maintenance validation process for security-related technology 
deployed to airports.
    ``(b) Maintenance by Administration Personnel at Airports.--For maintenance 
to be carried out by Administration personnel at airports, the process referred 
to in subsection (a) shall include the following:
            ``(1) Guidance to Administration personnel at airports specifying 
        how to conduct and document preventive maintenance actions.
            ``(2) Mechanisms for the Administrator to verify compliance with the 
        guidance issued pursuant to paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Maintenance by Contractors at Airports.--For maintenance to be carried 
by a contractor at airports, the process referred to in subsection (a) shall 
require the following:
            ``(1) Provision of monthly preventative maintenance schedules to 
        appropriate Administration personnel at each airport that includes 
        information on each action to be completed by contractor.
            ``(2) Notification to appropriate Administration personnel at each 
        airport when maintenance action is completed by a contractor.
            ``(3) A process for independent validation by a third party of 
        contractor maintenance.
    ``(d) Penalties for Noncompliance.--The Administrator shall require 
maintenance for any contracts entered into 60 days after the date of enactment 
of the TSA Modernization Act or later for security-related technology deployed 
to airports to include penalties for noncompliance when it is determined that 
either preventive or corrective maintenance has not been completed according to 
contractual requirements and manufacturers' specifications.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of the Homeland Security Act 
of 2002, as amended by section 1913 of this Act, is further amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 1617 the following:

        ``Subtitle C--Maintenance of Security-related Technology

``1621. Maintenance validation and oversight.''.

SEC. 1919. BIOMETRICS EXPANSION.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator and the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection shall consult with each other on the deployment of biometric 
technologies.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
permit the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to facilitate or 
expand the deployment of biometric technologies, or otherwise collect, use, or 
retain biometrics, not authorized by any provision of or amendment made by the 
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108-458; 
118 Stat. 3638) or the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act 
of 2007 (Public Law 110-53; 121 Stat. 266).
    (c) Report Required.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, 
and to any Member of Congress upon the request of that Member, a report that 
includes specific assessments from the Administrator and the Commissioner of 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to the following:
            (1) The operational and security impact of using biometric 
        technology to identify travelers.
            (2) The potential effects on privacy of the expansion of the use of 
        biometric technology under paragraph (1), including methods proposed or 
        implemented to mitigate any risks to privacy identified by the 
        Administrator or the Commissioner related to the active or passive 
        collection of biometric data.
            (3) Methods to analyze and address any matching performance errors 
        related to race, gender, or age identified by the Administrator with 
        respect to the use of biometric technology, including the deployment of 
        facial recognition technology;
            (4) With respect to the biometric entry-exit program, the following:
                    (A) Assessments of--
                            (i) the error rates, including the rates of false 
                        positives and false negatives, and accuracy of biometric 
                        technologies;
                            (ii) the effects of biometric technologies, to 
                        ensure that such technologies do not unduly burden 
                        categories of travelers, such as a certain race, gender, 
                        or nationality;
                            (iii) the extent to which and how biometric 
                        technologies could address instances of travelers to the 
                        United States overstaying their visas, including--
                                    (I) an estimate of how often biometric 
                                matches are contained in an existing database;
                                    (II) an estimate of the rate at which 
                                travelers using fraudulent credentials 
                                identifications are accurately rejected; and
                                    (III) an assessment of what percentage of 
                                the detection of fraudulent identifications 
                                could have been accomplished using conventional 
                                methods;
                            (iv) the effects on privacy of the use of biometric 
                        technologies, including methods to mitigate any risks to 
                        privacy identified by the Administrator or the 
                        Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
                        related to the active or passive collection of biometric 
                        data; and
                            (v) the number of individuals who stay in the United 
                        States after the expiration of their visas each year.
                    (B) A description of--
                            (i) all audits performed to assess--
                                    (I) error rates in the use of biometric 
                                technologies; or
                                    (II) whether the use of biometric 
                                technologies and error rates in the use of such 
                                technologies disproportionately affect a certain 
                                race, gender, or nationality; and
                            (ii) the results of the audits described in clause 
                        (i).
                    (C) A description of the process by which domestic travelers 
                are able to opt-out of scanning using biometric technologies.
                    (D) A description of--
                            (i) what traveler data is collected through scanning 
                        using biometric technologies, what agencies have access 
                        to such data, and how long the agencies possess such 
                        data;
                            (ii) specific actions that the Department and other 
                        relevant Federal departments and agencies take to 
                        safeguard such data; and
                            (iii) a short-term goal for the prompt deletion of 
                        the data of individual United States citizens after such 
                        data is used to verify traveler identities.
    (d) Publication of Assessments.--The Secretary, the Administrator, and the 
Commissioner shall, if practicable, publish a public version of the assessment 
required by subsection (c)(2) on the Internet website of the TSA and of the U.S. 
Customs and Border Protection.

SEC. 1920. PILOT PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATED EXIT LANE TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall establish a pilot program to implement and evaluate 
the use of automated exit lane technology at small hub airports and nonhub 
airports (as those terms are defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
Code).
    (b) Partnership.--The Administrator shall carry out the pilot program in 
partnership with the applicable airport directors.
    (c) Cost Share.--The Federal share of the cost of the pilot program under 
this section shall not exceed 85 percent of the total cost of the program.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out the pilot program under this section $15,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2019 through 2021.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date the pilot program is 
implemented, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the pilot program, including--
            (1) the extent of airport participation in the pilot program and how 
        the program was implemented;
            (2) the results of the pilot program and any reported benefits, 
        including the impact on security and any cost-related efficiencies 
        realized by TSA or at the participating airports; and
            (3) the feasibility of expanding the pilot program to additional 
        airports, including to medium and large hub airports.

SEC. 1921. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS; EXIT LANE SECURITY.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 44903(n)(1) of 
title 49, United States Code, $77,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 
2021.

SEC. 1922. REAL-TIME SECURITY CHECKPOINT WAIT TIMES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall make available to the public information on 
wait times at each airport security checkpoint at which security screening 
operations are conducted or overseen by the TSA.
    (b) Requirements.--The information described in subsection (a) shall be 
provided in real time via technology and published--
            (1) online; and
            (2) in physical locations at applicable airport terminals.
    (c) Considerations.--The Administrator shall only make the information 
described in subsection (a) available to the public if it can do so in a manner 
that does not increase public area security risks.
    (d) Definition of Wait Time.--In this section, the term ``wait time'' means 
the period beginning when a passenger enters a queue for a screening checkpoint 
and ending when that passenger exits the checkpoint.

SEC. 1923. GAO REPORT ON DEPLOYMENT OF SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS AIRPORTS.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study whether the TSA allocates resources, including advanced imaging and 
computed tomography technologies, appropriately based on risk at Category X, I, 
II, III, and IV airports at which security screening operations are conducted or 
overseen by the TSA.
    (b) Cost Analysis.--As a part of the study conducted under subsection (a), 
the Comptroller General shall analyze the costs allocated or incurred by the TSA 
at Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports--
            (1) to purchase and deploy screening equipment and other assets, 
        including advanced imaging and computed tomography technologies, at 
        Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports;
            (2) to install such equipment, including any related variant, and 
        assets in the airport; and
            (3) to maintain such equipment and assets.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
report on the findings of the study under subsection (a).

SEC. 1924. SCREENING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AND PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES.

    (a) Review of Technology Acquisitions Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with relevant officials 
        of the Department, shall conduct a review of existing advanced 
        transportation security screening technology testing and evaluation, 
        acquisitions, and procurement practices within TSA.
            (2) Contents.--Such review shall include--
                    (A) identifying process delays and obstructions within the 
                Department and the Administration regarding how such technology 
                is identified, tested and evaluated, acquired, and deployed;
                    (B) assessing whether the TSA can better leverage existing 
                resources or processes of the Department for the purposes of 
                technology testing and evaluation;
                    (C) assessing whether the TSA can further encourage 
                innovation and competition among technology stakeholders, 
                including through increased participation of and funding for 
                small business concerns (as such term is described under section 
                3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
                    (D) identifying best practices of other Department 
                components or United States Government entities; and
                    (E) a plan to address any problems or challenges identified 
                by such review.
    (b) Briefing.--The Administrator shall provide to the appropriate committees 
of Congress a briefing on the findings of the review required under this section 
and a plan to address any problems or challenges identified by such review.
    (c) Acquisitions and Procurement Enhancement.--Incorporating the results of 
the review in subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
            (1) engage in outreach, coordination, and collaboration with 
        transportation stakeholders to identify and foster innovation of new 
        advanced transportation security screening technologies;
            (2) streamline the overall technology development, testing, 
        evaluation, acquisitions, procurement, and deployment processes of the 
        Administration; and
            (3) ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of such processes.
    (d) Assessment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Chief Privacy 
Officer of the Department, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a compliance assessment of the TSA acquisition process relating to the 
health and safety risks associated with implementation of screening 
technologies.
    (e) Performance Objectives.--The Administrator shall establish performance 
objectives for the testing and verification of security technology, including 
testing and verification conducted by appropriate third parties under section 
1911, to ensure that progress is made, at a minimum, toward--
            (1) reducing time for each phase of testing while maintaining 
        security (including testing for detection testing, operational testing, 
        testing and verification framework, and field testing);
            (2) eliminating testing and verification delays; and
            (3) increasing accountability.
    (f) Tracking.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the Administrator 
        shall establish and continually track performance metrics for each type 
        of security technology submitted for testing and verification, including 
        testing and verification conducted by appropriate third parties under 
        section 1911.
            (2) Measuring progress toward goals.--The Administrator shall use 
        the metrics established and tracked under paragraph (1) to generate data 
        on an ongoing basis and to measure progress toward the achievement of 
        the performance objectives established under subsection (e).
            (3) Report required.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
                appropriate committees of Congress a report assessing the extent 
                to which the performance objectives established under subsection 
                (e), as measured by the performance metrics established and 
                tracked under paragraph (1) of this subsection, have been met.
                    (B) Elements.--The report required by subparagraph (A) shall 
                include--
                            (i) a list of the performance metrics established 
                        under paragraph (1), including the length of time for 
                        each phase of testing and verification for each type of 
                        security technology; and
                            (ii) a comparison of the progress achieved for 
                        testing and verification of security technology 
                        conducted by the TSA and the testing and verification of 
                        security technology conducted by third parties.
                    (C) Proprietary information.--The report required by 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) not include identifying information regarding an 
                        individual or entity or equipment; and
                            (ii) protect proprietary information.
    (g) Information Technology Security.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress a plan to conduct recurring reviews of the operational, 
technical, and management security controls for Administration information 
technology systems at airports

SEC. 1925. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PILOT PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall carry out a pilot program to test the use of 
screening equipment using computed tomography technology to screen baggage at 
passenger screening checkpoints at airports.
    (b) Feasibility Study.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Under Secretary 
        for Science and Technology of the Department, shall submit to the 
        appropriate committees of Congress a feasibility study regarding 
        expanding the use of computed tomography technology for the screening of 
        air cargo transported on passenger aircraft operated by an air carrier 
        or foreign air carrier in air transportation, interstate air 
        transportation, or interstate air commerce.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the feasibility study under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider the following:
                    (A) Opportunities to leverage computed tomography systems 
                used for screening passengers and baggage.
                    (B) Costs and benefits of using computed tomography 
                technology for screening air cargo.
                    (C) An analysis of emerging computed tomography systems that 
                may have potential to enhance the screening of air cargo, 
                including systems that may address aperture challenges 
                associated with screening certain categories of air cargo.
                    (D) An analysis of emerging screening technologies, in 
                addition to computed tomography, that may be used to enhance the 
                screening of air cargo.
    (c) Pilot Program.--Not later than 120 days after the date the feasibility 
study is submitted under subsection (b), the Administrator shall initiate a 2-
year pilot program to achieve enhanced air cargo security screening outcomes 
through the use of new or emerging screening technologies, such as computed 
tomography technology, as identified through such study.
    (d) Updates.--Not later than 60 days after the date the pilot program under 
subsection (c) is initiated, and biannually thereafter for 2 years, the 
Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the progress 
of implementation of such pilot program.
    (e) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Air carrier.--The term ``air carrier'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Air transportation.--The term ``air transportation'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (3) Foreign air carrier.--The term ``foreign air carrier'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
            (4) Interstate air commerce.--The term ``interstate air commerce'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (5) Interstate air transportation.--The term ``interstate air 
        transportation'' has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of 
        title 49, United States Code.

                        Subtitle C--Public Area Security

SEC. 1926. DEFINITIONS.

    In this subtitle:
            (1) Behavioral standards.--The term ``behavioral standards'' means 
        standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working canines for 
        certain factors, including canine temperament, work drive, suitability 
        for training, environmental factors used in evaluations, and canine 
        familiarity with natural or man-made surfaces or working conditions 
        relevant to the canine's expected work area.
            (2) Medical standards.--The term ``medical standards'' means 
        standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working canines for 
        certain factors, including canine health, management of heredity health 
        conditions, breeding practices, genetics, pedigree, and long-term health 
        tracking.
            (3) Technical standards.--The term ``technical standards'' means 
        standards for the evaluation of explosives detection working canines for 
        certain factors, including canine search techniques, handler-canine 
        communication, detection testing conditions and logistics, and learned 
        explosive odor libraries.

SEC. 1927. EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE CAPACITY BUILDING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall establish a working group to determine ways to 
support decentralized, non-Federal domestic canine breeding capacity to produce 
high quality explosives detection canines and modernize canine training 
standards.
    (b) Working Group Composition.--The working group established under 
subsection (a) shall be comprised of representatives from the following:
            (1) The TSA.
            (2) The Science and Technology Directorate of the Department.
            (3) National domestic canine associations with expertise in breeding 
        and pedigree.
            (4) Universities with expertise related to explosives detection 
        canines and canine breeding.
            (5) Domestic canine breeders and vendors.
    (c) Chairpersons.--The Administrator shall approve of 2 individuals from 
among the representatives of the working group specified in subsection (b) to 
serve as the Chairpersons of the working group as follows:
            (1) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in paragraph 
        (1) or (2) of that subsection.
            (2) One Chairperson shall be from an entity specified in paragraph 
        (3), (4), or (5) of that subsection.
    (d) Proposed Standards and Recommendations.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date the working group is established under subsection (a), the working 
group shall submit to the Administrator--
            (1) proposed behavioral standards, medical standards, and technical 
        standards for domestic canine breeding and canine training described in 
        that subsection; and
            (2) recommendations on how the TSA can engage stakeholders to 
        further the development of such domestic non-Federal canine breeding 
        capacity and training.
    (e) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date the recommendations 
are submitted under subsection (d), the Administrator shall develop and submit 
to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for working with non-
Federal stakeholders to facilitate expanded the domestic canine breeding 
capacity described in subsection (a), based on such recommendations.
    (f) Consultation.--In developing the strategy under subsection (e), the 
Administrator shall consult with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology 
of the Department, the Commissioner for U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the 
Director of the United States Secret Service, and the heads of such other 
Federal departments or agencies as the Administrator considers appropriate to 
incorporate, to the extent practicable, mission needs across the Department for 
an expanded non-Federal domestic explosives detection canine breeding capacity 
that can be leveraged to help meet the Department's operational needs.
    (g) Termination.--The working group established under subsection (a) shall 
terminate on the date that the strategy is submitted under subsection (e), 
unless the Administrator extends the termination date for the purposes of 
section 1928.
    (h) Nonapplicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--The Federal 
Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group 
established under this Act.

SEC. 1928. THIRD PARTY DOMESTIC CANINES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, to enhance the efficiency and efficacy of transportation security by 
increasing the supply of canine teams for use by the TSA and transportation 
stakeholders, the Administrator shall develop and issue behavioral standards, 
medical standards, and technical standards, based on the recommendations of the 
working group under section 1927, that a third party explosives detection canine 
must satisfy to be certified for the screening of individuals and property, 
including detection of explosive vapors among individuals and articles of 
property, in public areas of an airport under section 44901 of title 49, United 
States Code.
    (b) Augmenting Public Area Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop guidance on the 
        coordination of development and deployment of explosives detection 
        canine teams for use by transportation stakeholders to enhance public 
        area security at transportation hubs, including airports.
            (2) Consultation.--In developing the guidance under paragraph (1), 
        the Administrator shall consult with--
                    (A) the working group established under section 1927;
                    (B) the officials responsible for carrying out section 1941; 
                and
                    (C) such transportation stakeholders, canine providers, law 
                enforcement, privacy groups, and transportation security 
                providers as the Administrator considers relevant.
    (c) Agreement.--Subject to subsections (d), (e), and (f), not later than 270 
days after the issuance of standards under subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall, to the extent possible, enter into an agreement with at least 1 third 
party to test and certify the capabilities of canines in accordance with the 
standards under subsection (a).
    (d) Expedited Deployment.--In entering into an agreement under subsection 
(c), the Administrator shall use--
            (1) the other transaction authority under section 114(m) of title 
        49, United States Code; or
            (2) such other authority of the Administrator as the Administrator 
        considers appropriate to expedite the deployment of additional canine 
        teams.
    (e) Process.--Before entering into an agreement under subsection (c), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) evaluate and verify the third party's ability to effectively 
        evaluate the capabilities of canines;
            (2) designate key elements required for appropriate evaluation 
        venues where third parties may conduct testing; and
            (3) periodically assess the program at evaluation centers to ensure 
        the proficiency of the canines beyond the initial testing and 
        certification by the third party.
    (f) Consultation.--To determine best practices for the use of third parties 
to test and certify the capabilities of canines, the Administrator shall consult 
with the following persons before entering into an agreement under subsection 
(c):
            (1) The Secretary of State.
            (2) The Secretary of Defense.
            (3) Non-profit organizations that train, certify, and provide the 
        services of canines for various purposes.
            (4) Institutions of higher education with research programs related 
        to use of canines for the screening of individuals and property, 
        including detection of explosive vapors among individuals and articles 
        of property.
    (g) Third Party Explosives Detection Canine Provider List.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
        Administrator enters into an agreement under subsection (c), the 
        Administrator shall develop and maintain a list of the names of each 
        third party from which the TSA procures explosive detection canines, 
        including for each such third party the relevant contractual period of 
        performance.
            (2) Distribution.--The Administrator shall make the list under 
        paragraph (1) available to appropriate transportation stakeholders in 
        such form and manner as the Administrator prescribes.
    (h) Oversight.--The Administrator shall establish a process to ensure 
appropriate oversight of the certification program and compliance with the 
standards under subsection (a), including periodic audits of participating third 
parties.
    (i) Authorization.--
            (1) TSA.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a process 
        for the TSA to procure third party explosives detection canines 
        certified under this section.
            (2) Aviation stakeholders.--
                    (A) In general.--The Administrator shall authorize an 
                aviation stakeholder, under the oversight of and in coordination 
                with the Federal Security Director at an applicable airport, to 
                contract with, procure or purchase, and deploy one or more third 
                party explosives detection canines certified under this section 
                to augment public area security at that airport.
                    (B) Applicable large hub airports.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided under 
                        subparagraph (ii), notwithstanding any law to the 
                        contrary, and subject to the other provisions of this 
                        paragraph, an applicable large hub airport may provide a 
                        certified canine described in subparagraph (A) on an in-
                        kind basis to the TSA to be deployed as a passenger 
                        screening canine at that airport unless the applicable 
                        large hub airport consents to the use of that certified 
                        canine elsewhere.
                            (ii) Exception.--The Administrator may, on a case-
                        by-case basis, deploy a certified canine described in 
                        subparagraph (A) to a transportation facility other than 
                        the applicable large hub airport described in clause (i) 
                        for not more than 90 days per year if the 
                        Administrator--
                                    (I) determines that such deployment is 
                                necessary to meet operational or security needs; 
                                and
                                    (II) notifies the applicable large hub 
                                airport described in clause (i).
                            (iii) Nondeployable canines.--Any certified canine 
                        provided to the TSA under clause (i) that does not 
                        complete training for deployment under that clause shall 
                        be the responsibility of the large hub airport unless 
                        the TSA agrees to a different outcome.
                    (C) Handlers.--Not later than 30 days before a canine begins 
                training to become a certified canine under subparagraph (B), 
                the airport shall notify the TSA of such training and the 
                Administrator shall assign a TSA canine handler to participate 
                in the training with that canine, as appropriate.
                    (D) Limitation.--The Administrator may not reduce the 
                staffing allocation model for an applicable large hub airport 
                based on that airport's provision of a certified canine under 
                this paragraph.
    (j) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable large hub airport.--The term ``applicable large hub 
        airport'' means a large hub airport (as defined in section 40102 of 
        title 49, United States Code) that has less than 100 percent of the 
        allocated passenger screening canine teams staffed by the TSA.
            (2) Aviation stakeholder.--The term ``aviation stakeholder'' 
        includes an airport, airport operator, and air carrier.

SEC. 1929. TRACKING AND MONITORING OF CANINE TRAINING AND TESTING.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall use, to the extent practicable, a digital monitoring system 
for all training, testing, and validation or certification of public and private 
canine assets utilized or funded by the TSA to facilitate improved review, data 
analysis, and record keeping of canine testing performance and program 
administration.

SEC. 1930. VIPR TEAM STATISTICS.

    (a) VIPR Team Statistics.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall notify the 
        appropriate committees of Congress of the number of VIPR teams available 
        for deployment at transportation facilities, including--
                    (A) the number of VIPR team operations that include 
                explosive detection canine teams; and
                    (B) the distribution of VIPR team operations deployed across 
                different modes of transportation.
            (2) Annex.--The notification under paragraph (1) may contain a 
        classified annex.
            (3) Definition of vipr team.--In this subsection, the term ``VIPR'' 
        means a Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team authorized under 
        section 1303 of the National Transit Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 
        U.S.C. 1112).
    (b) Authorization of VIPR Teams.--Section 1303(b) of the National Transit 
Systems Security Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112(b)) is amended by striking ``to the 
extent appropriated, including funds to develop not more than 60 VIPR teams, for 
fiscal years 2016 through 2018'' and inserting ``such sums as necessary, 
including funds to develop at least 30, but not more than 60, VIPR teams, for 
fiscal years 2019 through 2021''.

SEC. 1931. PUBLIC AREA SECURITY WORKING GROUP.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Public and private stakeholders.--The term ``public and private 
        stakeholders'' has the meaning given the term in section 114(t)(1)(C) of 
        title 49, United States Code.
            (2) Surface transportation asset.--The term ``surface transportation 
        asset'' includes--
                    (A) facilities, equipment, or systems used to provide 
                transportation services by--
                            (i) a public transportation agency (as the term is 
                        defined in section 1402 of the Implementing 
                        Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 
                        U.S.C. 1131));
                            (ii) a railroad carrier (as the term is defined in 
                        section 20102 of title 49, United States Code);
                            (iii) an owner or operator of--
                                    (I) an entity offering scheduled, fixed-
                                route transportation services by over-the road 
                                bus (as the term is defined in section 1501 of 
                                the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 
                                Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1151)); or
                                    (II) a bus terminal; or
                    (B) other transportation facilities, equipment, or systems, 
                as determined by the Secretary.
    (b) Public Area Security Working Group.--
            (1) Working group.--The Administrator, in coordination with the 
        National Protection and Programs Directorate, shall establish a working 
        group to promote collaborative engagement between the TSA and public and 
        private stakeholders to develop non-binding recommendations for 
        enhancing security in public areas of transportation facilities 
        (including facilities that are surface transportation assets), including 
        recommendations regarding the following:
                    (A) Information sharing and interoperable communication 
                capabilities among the TSA and public and private stakeholders 
                with respect to terrorist or other threats.
                    (B) Coordinated incident response procedures.
                    (C) The prevention of terrorist attacks and other incidents 
                through strategic planning, security training, exercises and 
                drills, law enforcement patrols, worker vetting, and suspicious 
                activity reporting.
                    (D) Infrastructure protection through effective construction 
                design barriers and installation of advanced surveillance and 
                other security technologies.
            (2) Annual report.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date the 
                working group is established under paragraph (1), the 
                Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committee of 
                Congress a report, covering the 12-month period preceding the 
                date of the report, on--
                            (i) the organization of the working group;
                            (ii) the activities of the working group;
                            (iii) the participation of the TSA and public and 
                        private stakeholders in the activities of the working 
                        group;
                            (iv) the findings of the working group, including 
                        any recommendations.
                    (B) Publication.--The Administrator may publish a public 
                version of such report that describes the activities of the 
                working group and such related matters as would be informative 
                to the public, consistent with section 552(b) of title 5, United 
                States Code.
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
        U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group established under 
        subsection (a) or any subcommittee thereof.
    (c) Technical Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) inform owners and operators of surface transportation 
                assets about the availability of technical assistance, including 
                vulnerability assessment tools and cybersecurity guidelines, to 
                help protect and enhance the resilience of public areas of such 
                assets; and
                    (B) upon request, and subject to the availability of 
                appropriations, provide such technical assistance to owners and 
                operators of surface transportation assets.
            (2) Best practices.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall 
        publish on the Department website and widely disseminate, as 
        appropriate, current best practices for protecting and enhancing the 
        resilience of public areas of transportation facilities (including 
        facilities that are surface transportation assets), including associated 
        frameworks or templates for implementation.
    (d) Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall--
                    (A) review of regulations, directives, policies, and 
                procedures issued by the Administrator regarding the 
                transportation of a firearm and ammunition; and
                    (B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
                report on the findings of the review under subparagraph (A), 
                including, as appropriate, information on any plans to modify 
                any regulation, directive, policy, or procedure based on the 
                review.
            (2) Consultation.--In preparing the report under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall consult with--
                    (A) ASAC;
                    (B) the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
                under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002; and
                    (C) appropriate public and private stakeholders.

SEC. 1932. PUBLIC AREA BEST PRACTICES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall, in accordance with law and as 
received or developed, periodically submit information, on any best practices 
developed by the TSA or appropriate transportation stakeholders related to 
protecting the public spaces of transportation infrastructure from emerging 
threats, to the following:
            (1) Federal Security Directors at airports.
            (2) Appropriate security directors for other modes of 
        transportation.
            (3) Other appropriate transportation security stakeholders.
    (b) Information Sharing.--The Administrator shall, in accordance with law--
            (1) in coordination with the Office of the Director of National 
        Intelligence and industry partners, implement improvements to the Air 
        Domain Intelligence and Analysis Center to encourage increased 
        participation from stakeholders and enhance government and industry 
        security information sharing on transportation security threats, 
        including on cybersecurity threat awareness;
            (2) expand and improve the City and Airport Threat Assessment or 
        similar program to public and private stakeholders to capture, quantify, 
        communicate, and apply applicable intelligence to inform transportation 
        infrastructure mitigation measures, such as--
                    (A) quantifying levels of risk by airport that can be used 
                to determine risk-based security mitigation measures at each 
                location; and
                    (B) determining random and surge employee inspection 
                operations based on changing levels of risk;
            (3) continue to disseminate Transportation Intelligence Notes, tear-
        lines, and related intelligence products to appropriate transportation 
        security stakeholders on a regular basis; and
            (4) continue to conduct both regular routine and threat-specific 
        classified briefings between the TSA and appropriate transportation 
        sector stakeholders on an individual or group basis to provide greater 
        information sharing between public and private sectors.
    (c) Mass Notification.--The Administrator shall encourage security 
stakeholders to utilize mass notification systems, including the Integrated 
Public Alert Warning System of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and 
social media platforms, to disseminate information to transportation community 
employees, travelers, and the general public, as appropriate.
    (d) Public Awareness Programs.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
Administrator, shall expand public programs of the Department of Homeland 
Security and the TSA that increase security threat awareness, education, and 
training to include transportation network public area employees, including 
airport and transportation vendors, local hotels, cab and limousine companies, 
ridesharing companies, cleaning companies, gas station attendants, cargo 
operators, and general aviation members.

SEC. 1933. AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS CONTROLS COST AND FEASIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in consultation with ASAC, shall submit to the 
Comptroller General of the United States and the appropriate committees of 
Congress a study examining the shared cost and feasibility to airports, 
airlines, and the TSA of implementing enhanced employee inspection measures at 
all access points between non-secured areas and secured areas at a statistically 
significant number of Category I, II, III, IV, and X airports.
    (b) Assessment.--To the extent practicable, in conducting the study, the 
Administrator shall assess the cost, operational efficiency, and security 
effectiveness of requiring all employees to present for inspection at every 
access point between non-secured areas and secured areas of airports, and of 
deploying some or all of the following screening measures and technologies:
            (1) A secure door utilizing card and pin entry or biometric 
        technology.
            (2) Surveillance video recording capable of storing video data for 
        at least 30 days.
            (3) Advanced screening technologies, including at least 1 of the 
        following:
                    (A) Magnetometer (walk-through or hand-held).
                    (B) Explosives detection canines.
                    (C) Explosives trace detection swabbing.
                    (D) Advanced imaging technology.
                    (E) X-ray bag screening technology.
            (4) The TSA's Advanced Threat Local Allocation Strategy (commonly 
        known as ``ATLAS'').
    (c) Contents.--To the extent practicable, the study under subsection (a) 
shall include the following:
            (1) Costs associated with establishing an operational minimum number 
        of employee entry and exit points.
            (2) A comparison of estimated costs and security effectiveness 
        associated with implementing the security features specified in 
        paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b) based on information 
        on the experiences from those category I, II, III, IV, and X airports 
        that have already implemented or piloted enhanced employee inspection 
        measures at access points between non-secured areas and secured areas of 
        airports.
    (d) GAO Review.--Not later than 90 days after the date of receipt of the 
study under subsection (a), the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the study to assess the quality and reliability of the 
        study; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        results of the review under paragraph (1).

SEC. 1934. SECURING AIRPORT WORKER ACCESS POINTS.

    (a) Cooperative Efforts to Enhance Airport Security Awareness.--Not later 
than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
consult with air carriers, foreign air carriers, airport operators, and labor 
unions representing credentialed employees to enhance security awareness of 
credentialed airport populations regarding insider threats to aviation security 
and best practices related to airport access controls.
    (b) Credentialing Standards.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with air carriers, 
foreign air carriers, airport operators, and labor unions representing 
credentialed employees, shall assess credentialing standards, policies, and 
practices, including implementation of relevant credentialing updates required 
under the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 
130 Stat. 615), to ensure that insider threats to aviation security are 
adequately addressed.
    (c) SIDA Applications.--
            (1) Social security numbers required.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall revise the 
                application submitted by an individual applying for a credential 
                granting access to the Secure Identification Area of an airport 
                to require the social security number of such individual in 
                order to strengthen security vetting effectiveness.
                    (B) Failure to provide number.--An applicant who does not 
                provide such applicant's social security number may be denied 
                such a credential.
            (2) Screening notice.--The Administrator shall issue requirements 
        for an airport operator to include in each application for access to a 
        Security Identification Display Area notification to the applicant that 
        an employee holding a credential granting access to a Security 
        Identification Display Area may be screened at any time while gaining 
        access to, working in, or leaving a Security Identification Display 
        Area.
    (d) Secured and Sterile Areas of Airports.--The Administrator shall consult 
with airport operators and airline operators to identify advanced technologies, 
including biometric identification technologies, that could be used for securing 
employee access to the secured areas and sterile areas of airports.
    (e) Rap Back Vetting .--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall identify and submit to the appropriate 
committees of Congress the number of credentialed aviation worker populations at 
airports that are continuously vetted through the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation's Rap Back Service, consistent with section 3405(b)(2) of the FAA 
Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note).
    (f) Insider Threat Education and Mitigation.--Not later than 180 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall identify means of 
enhancing the TSA's ability to leverage the resources of the Department and the 
intelligence community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 
1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)) to educate Administration personnel on insider threats to 
aviation security and how the TSA can better mitigate such insider threats.
    (g) Employee Inspections.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), the Administrator 
shall ensure that TSA-led, random employee physical inspection efforts of 
aviation workers are targeted, strategic, and focused on providing the greatest 
level of security effectiveness.
    (h) Covert Testing.--
            (1) In general.--Consistent with the FAA Extension, Safety, and 
        Security Act of 2016 (Public Law 114-190; 130 Stat. 615), the 
        Administrator shall continue to conduct covert testing of TSA-led 
        employee inspection operations at airports and measure existing levels 
        of security effectiveness.
            (2) Requirements.--The Administrator shall provide--
                    (A) the results of such testing to--
                            (i) the airport operator for the airport that is the 
                        subject of any such testing; and
                            (ii) as appropriate, to air carriers and foreign air 
                        carriers that operate at the airport that is the subject 
                        of such testing; and
                    (B) recommendations and technical assistance for air 
                carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators to conduct 
                their own employee inspections, as needed.
            (3) Annual reporting.--The Administrator shall for each of fiscal 
        years 2019 through 2021, submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress a report on the frequency, methodology, strategy, and 
        effectiveness of employee inspection operations at airports.
    (i) Centralized Database.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with ASAC, shall--
                    (A) subject to paragraph (2), establish a national, 
                centralized database of the names of each individual who--
                            (i) has had an airport-issued badge revoked for 
                        failure to comply with aviation security requirements; 
                        or
                            (ii) has had an aircraft operator-issued badge 
                        revoked for failure to comply with aviation security 
                        requirements;
                    (B) determine the appropriate reporting mechanisms for air 
                carriers, foreign air carriers, and airport operators--
                            (i) to submit to the Administration data regarding 
                        an individual described in subparagraph (A); and
                            (ii) to access the database; and
                    (C) establish a process to allow an individual whose name is 
                mistakenly entered into the database to correct the record and 
                have the individual's name expunged from the database.
            (2) Limitation.--The database shall not include the name of any 
        individual whose badge has been revoked as a result of a termination or 
        cessation of employment unrelated to--
                    (A) a violation of a security requirement; or
                    (B) a determination that the individual poses a threat to 
                aviation security.

SEC. 1935. LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER REIMBURSEMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--In accordance with section 44903(c)(1) of title 49, United 
States Code, the Administrator shall increase the number of awards, and the 
total funding amount of each award, under the Law Enforcement Officer 
Reimbursement Program--
            (1) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers in the 
        public areas of airports, including baggage claim, ticket counters, and 
        nearby roads;
            (2) to increase the presence of law enforcement officers at 
        screening checkpoints;
            (3) to reduce the response times of law enforcement officers during 
        security incidents; and
            (4) to provide visible deterrents to potential terrorists.
    (b) Cooperation by Administrator.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall use the authority provided to the Administrator under 
section 114(m) of title 49, United States Code, that is the same authority as is 
provided to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration under 
section 106(m) of that title.
    (c) Administrative Burdens.--The Administrator shall review the regulations 
and compliance policies related to the Law Enforcement Officer Reimbursement 
Program and, if necessary, revise such regulations and policies to reduce any 
administrative burdens on applicants or recipients of such awards.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out section 44901(h) of title 49, United States Code, $55,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021.

SEC. 1936. AIRPORT PERIMETER AND ACCESS CONTROL SECURITY.

    (a) Risk Assessments of Airport Security.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
                this Act, update the Transportation Sector Security Risk 
                Assessment (referred to in this section as the ``TSSRA''); and
                    (B) not later than 90 days after the date the TSSRA is 
                updated under subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) update with the most currently available 
                        intelligence information the Comprehensive Risk 
                        Assessment of Perimeter and Access Control Security 
                        (referred to in this section as the ``Risk Assessment of 
                        Airport Security'');
                            (ii) establish a regular schedule for periodic 
                        updates to the Risk Assessment of Airport Security; and
                            (iii) conduct a system-wide assessment of airport 
                        access control points and airport perimeter security.
            (2) Contents.--The security risk assessments required under 
        paragraph (1)(B) shall--
                    (A) include updates reflected in the TSSRA and Joint 
                Vulnerability Assessment findings;
                    (B) reflect changes to the risk environment relating to 
                airport access control points and airport perimeters;
                    (C) use security event data for specific analysis of system-
                wide trends related to airport access control points and airport 
                perimeter security to better inform risk management decisions; 
                and
                    (D) consider the unique geography of and current best 
                practices used by airports to mitigate potential 
                vulnerabilities.
            (3) Report.--The Administrator shall report the results of the TSSRA 
        and Risk Assessment of Airport Security under paragraph (1) to--
                    (A) the appropriate committees of Congress;
                    (B) relevant Federal departments and agencies; and
                    (C) airport operators.
    (b) Airport Security Strategy Development.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall update the 2012 National Strategy 
        for Airport Perimeter and Access Control Security (referred to in this 
        section as the ``National Strategy'').
            (2) Contents.--The update to the National Strategy shall include--
                    (A) information from the Risk Assessment of Airport 
                Security; and
                    (B) information on--
                            (i) airport security-related activities;
                            (ii) the status of TSA efforts to address the 
                        objectives of the National Strategy;
                            (iii) finalized outcome-based performance measures 
                        and performance levels for--
                                    (I) each activity described in clause (i); 
                                and
                                    (II) each objective described in clause 
                                (ii); and
                            (iv) input from airport operators.
            (3) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the update to 
        the National Strategy is complete, the Administrator shall establish a 
        regular schedule for determining if and when additional updates to the 
        strategy under paragraph (1) are necessary.

                    Subtitle D--Passenger and Cargo Security

SEC. 1937. PRECHECK PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 44919 is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 44919. PreCheck Program
    ``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall continue to administer the PreCheck Program in accordance 
with section 109(a)(3) of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (49 
U.S.C. 114 note).
    ``(b) Expansion.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the 
TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall enter into an agreement, using 
other transaction authority under section 114(m) of this title, with at least 2 
private sector entities to increase the methods and capabilities available for 
the public to enroll in the PreCheck Program.
    ``(c) Minimum Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement under 
subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means other than biometrics, such 
        as a risk assessment, if--
                    ``(A) such means--
                            ``(i) are evaluated and certified by the Secretary 
                        of Homeland Security;
                            ``(ii) meet the definition of a qualified anti-
                        terrorism technology under section 865 of the Homeland 
                        Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 444); and
                            ``(iii) are determined by the Administrator to 
                        provide a risk assessment that is as effective as a 
                        fingerprint-based criminal history records check 
                        conducted through the Federal Bureau of Investigation 
                        with respect to identifying individuals who are not 
                        qualified to participate in the PreCheck Program due to 
                        disqualifying criminal history; and
                    ``(B) with regard to private sector risk assessments, the 
                Secretary has certified that reasonable procedures are in place 
                with regard to the accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization 
                of information employed in such risk assessments.
    ``(d) Additional Capability Requirements.--At least 1 agreement under 
subsection (b) shall include the following capabilities:
            ``(1) Start-to-finish secure online or mobile enrollment capability.
            ``(2) Vetting of an applicant by means of biometrics if the 
        collection--
                    ``(A) is comparable with the appropriate and applicable 
                standards developed by the National Institute of Standards and 
                Technology;
                    ``(B) protects privacy and data security, including that any 
                personally identifiable information is collected, retained, 
                used, and shared in a manner consistent with section 552a of 
                title 5, United States Code (commonly known as `Privacy Act of 
                1974'), and with agency regulations;
                    ``(C) is evaluated and certified by the Secretary of 
                Homeland Security; and
                    ``(D) is determined by the Administrator to provide a risk 
                assessment that is as effective as a fingerprint-based criminal 
                history records check conducted through the Federal Bureau of 
                Investigation with respect to identifying individuals who are 
                not qualified to participate in the PreCheck Program due to 
                disqualifying criminal history.
    ``(e) Target Enrollment.--Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), the 
Administrator shall take actions to expand the total number of individuals 
enrolled in the PreCheck Program as follows:
            ``(1) 7,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2019.
            ``(2) 10,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2020.
            ``(3) 15,000,000 passengers before October 1, 2021.
    ``(f) Marketing of PreCheck Program.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) enter into at least 2 agreements, using other transaction 
        authority under section 114(m) of this title, to market the PreCheck 
        Program; and
            ``(2) implement a long-term strategy for partnering with the private 
        sector to encourage enrollment in such program.
    ``(g) Identity Verification Enhancement.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with the heads of appropriate components of the 
        Department to leverage Department-held data and technologies to verify 
        the identity and citizenship of individuals enrolling in the PreCheck 
        Program;
            ``(2) partner with the private sector to use biometrics and 
        authentication standards, such as relevant standards developed by the 
        National Institute of Standards and Technology, to facilitate enrollment 
        in the program; and
            ``(3) consider leveraging the existing resources and abilities of 
        airports to collect fingerprints for use in background checks to 
        expedite identity verification.
    ``(h) PreCheck Program Lanes Operation.--The Administrator shall--
            ``(1) ensure that PreCheck Program screening lanes are open and 
        available during peak and high-volume travel times at appropriate 
        airports to individuals enrolled in the PreCheck Program; and
            ``(2) make every practicable effort to provide expedited screening 
        at standard screening lanes during times when PreCheck Program screening 
        lanes are closed to individuals enrolled in the program in order to 
        maintain operational efficiency.
    ``(i) Eligibility of Members of the Armed Forces for Expedited Security 
Screening.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), an individual specified 
        in paragraph (2) is eligible for expedited security screening under the 
        PreCheck Program.
            ``(2) Individuals specified.--An individual specified in this 
        subsection is any of the following:
                    ``(A) A member of the Armed Forces, including a member of a 
                reserve component or the National Guard.
                    ``(B) A cadet or midshipman of the United States Military 
                Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air 
                Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy.
                    ``(C) A family member of an individual specified in 
                subparagraph (A) or (B) who is younger than 12 years old and 
                accompanying the individual.
            ``(3) Implementation.--The eligibility of an individual specified in 
        paragraph (2) for expedited security screening under the PreCheck 
        Program is subject to such policies and procedures as the Administrator 
        may prescribe to carry out this subsection, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Defense and, with respect to the United States Coast Guard, 
        the Commandant of the United States Coast Guard.
    ``(j) Vetting for PreCheck Program Participants.--The Administrator shall 
initiate an assessment to identify any security vulnerabilities in the vetting 
process for the PreCheck Program, including determining whether subjecting 
PreCheck Program participants to recurrent fingerprint-based criminal history 
records checks, in addition to recurrent checks against the terrorist watchlist, 
could be done in a cost-effective manner to strengthen the security of the 
PreCheck Program.
    ``(k) Assurance of Separate Program.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator shall ensure that the additional private sector application 
capabilities under subsections (b), (c), and (d) are undertaken in addition to 
any other related TSA program, initiative, or procurement, including the 
Universal Enrollment Services program.
    ``(l) Expenditure of Funds.--Any Federal funds expended by the Administrator 
to expand PreCheck Program enrollment shall be expended in a manner that 
includes the requirements of this section.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Repeal.--Subtitle A of title III of the FAA Extension, Safety, 
        and Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the items relating 
        to that subtitle in the table of contents of that Act are repealed.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
        amended by amending the item relating to section 44919 to read as 
        follows:

``44919. PreCheck Program.''.
            (3) Screening passengers and property.--Section 44901(a) is amended 
        by striking ``44919 or''.

SEC. 1938. PRECHECK EXPEDITED SCREENING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that only a traveler who is a member of 
a trusted traveler program specified in subsection (b) is permitted to use a TSA 
PreCheck security screening lane at a passenger screening checkpoint.
    (b) Trusted Traveler Programs Specified.--A trusted traveler program 
specified in this subsection is any of the following:
            (1) The PreCheck Program under section 44919 of title 49, United 
        States Code.
            (2) Any other program implemented by the TSA under section 109(a)(3) 
        of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (49 U.S.C. 114 note).
            (3) Any other United States Government program that issues a unique 
        identifier, such as a known traveler number, that the TSA accepts as 
        validating that the individual holding such identifier is a member of a 
        known low-risk population.
    (c) Exemptions.--Nothing in this section shall affect--
            (1) the authority of the Administrator, under section 44927 of title 
        49, United States Code, to carry out expedited screening for members of 
        the Armed Forces with disabilities or severe injuries or veterans with 
        disabilities or severe injuries; or
            (2) the Honor Flight program under section 44928 of that title.
    (d) Low-risk Travelers.--Any traveler who is determined by the Administrator 
to be low risk based on the traveler's age and who is not a member of a trusted 
traveler program specified in subsection (b) shall be permitted to utilize TSA 
PreCheck security screening lanes at Transportation Security Administration 
checkpoints when traveling on the same reservation as a member of such a 
program.
    (e) Risk Modified Screening.--
            (1) Pilot program.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act and subject to paragraph (2), the Administrator 
        shall commence a pilot program regarding a risk modified screening 
        protocol for lanes other than designated TSA PreCheck security screening 
        lanes at passenger screening checkpoints, in airports of varying 
        categories, to further segment passengers based on risk.
            (2) Eligibility.--Only a low-risk passenger shall be eligible to 
        participate in the risk modified screening pilot program under paragraph 
        (1).
            (3) Definition of low-risk passenger.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``low-risk passenger'' means a passenger who--
                    (A) meets a risk-based, intelligence-driven criteria 
                prescribed by the Administrator; or
                    (B) undergoes a canine enhanced screening upon arrival at 
                the passenger screening checkpoint.
            (4) Termination.--The pilot program shall terminate on the date that 
        is 120 days after the date it commences under paragraph (1).
            (5) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the termination date 
        under paragraph (4), the Administrator shall brief the appropriate 
        committees of Congress on the findings of the pilot program, including--
                    (A) information relating to the security effectiveness and 
                passenger facilitation effectiveness of the risk modified 
                screening protocol;
                    (B) a determination regarding whether the risk modified 
                screening protocol was effective; and
                    (C) if the Administrator determined that the protocol was 
                effective, a plan for the deployment of the protocol at as many 
                TSA passenger screening checkpoints as practicable.
            (6) Implementation.--In determining whether deployment of the 
        protocol at a TSA passenger screening checkpoint at an airport is 
        practicable, the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) the level of risk at the airport;
                    (B) the available space at the airport;
                    (C) passenger throughput levels at the airport;
                    (D) the checkpoint configuration at the airport; and
                    (E) adequate resources to appropriately serve passengers in 
                TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at the passenger screening 
                checkpoint.
    (f) Working Group.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (e), the Administrator 
        shall establish a working group to advise the Administrator on the 
        development of plans for the deployment of the protocol at TSA passenger 
        screening checkpoints, other than designated TSA PreCheck security 
        screening lanes, in the most effective and efficient manner practicable.
            (2) Members.--The working group shall be comprised of 
        representatives of Category X, I, II, III, and IV airports and air 
        carriers (as the term is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United 
        States Code).
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
        U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the working group established under this 
        subsection.
    (g) Briefings.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall brief, on a biannual basis, 
        the appropriate committees of Congress on the implementation of 
        subsections (a) until the Administrator certifies that only travelers 
        who are members of trusted traveler programs specified in subsection (b) 
        are permitted to use TSA PreCheck security screening lanes at passenger 
        screening checkpoints.
            (2) Certification.--Upon a determination by the Administrator that 
        only travelers who are members of a trusted traveler program specified 
        in subsection (b) are permitted to use TSA PreCheck security screening 
        lanes at checkpoints in accordance with subsection (a), the 
        Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
        written certification relating to such determination.
    (h) Inspector General Assessments.--The Inspector General of the Department 
shall assess and transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress the 
Administrator's implementation under subsection (a).
    (i) Expansion of TSA PreCheck Program Enrollment.--
            (1) Long-term strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop and begin the 
        implementation a long-term strategy to increase enrollment in the TSA 
        PreCheck Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In developing the strategy under paragraph (1), 
        the Administrator shall consider the following:
                    (A) Partnering with air carriers (as the term is defined in 
                section 40102 of title 49, United States Code) to incorporate 
                PreCheck Program promotion opportunities in the reservation 
                process described in section 1560.101 of title 49, Code of 
                Federal Regulations;
                    (B) Including in the PreCheck Program of an individual who--
                            (i) holds a Secret, Top Secret, or Top Secret/
                        Sensitive Compartmented Information clearance, unless 
                        the individual has had the individual's clearance 
                        revoked or did not pass a periodic reinvestigation; or
                            (ii) is a current, full-time Federal law enforcement 
                        officer.
                    (C) Providing PreCheck Program enrollment flexibility by 
                offering secure mobile enrollment platforms that facilitate in-
                person identity verification and application data collection, 
                such as through biometrics.
                    (D) Reducing travel time to PreCheck Program enrollment 
                centers for applicants, including--
                            (i) by adjusting the locations and schedules of 
                        existing PreCheck Program enrollment centers to 
                        accommodate demand;
                            (ii) by seeking to colocate such enrollment centers 
                        with existing facilities that support the issuance of--
                                    (I) United States passports; and
                                    (II) Security Identification Display Area 
                                credentials (as the term is defined in section 
                                1540.5 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations) 
                                located in public, non-secure areas of airports 
                                if no systems of an airport operator are used in 
                                support of enrollment activities for such 
                                credentials; and
                            (iii) by increasing the availability of PreCheck 
                        Program enrollment platforms, such as kiosks, tablets, 
                        or staffed laptop stations.
                    (E) The feasibility of providing financial assistance or 
                other incentives for PreCheck Program enrollment for--
                            (i) children who are at least 12 years or older, but 
                        less than 18 years old;
                            (ii) families consisting of 5 or more immediate 
                        family members;
                            (iii) private sector entities, including small 
                        businesses, to establish PreCheck Program enrollment 
                        centers in their respective facilities; and
                            (iv) private sector entities, including small 
                        business concerns (as the term is described in section 3 
                        of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)), to reimburse 
                        an employee for the cost of the PreCheck Program 
                        application.

SEC. 1939. TRUSTED TRAVELER PROGRAMS; COLLABORATION.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator, in consultation with the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection, shall--
            (1) review each trusted traveler program administered by U.S. 
        Customs and Border Protection and the PreCheck Program;
            (2) identify any improvements that can be made to such programs--
                    (A) to streamline and integrate the requirements and 
                operations of such programs to reduce administrative burdens, 
                including applications for inclusion and determining whether a 
                valid credential can satisfy the requirements for another 
                credential;
                    (B) to increase information and data sharing across such 
                programs; and
                    (C) to allow the public to access and link to the 
                applications for enrollment in all of such programs from 1 
                online portal;
            (3) identify any law, including regulations, policy, or procedure 
        that may unnecessarily inhibit collaboration among Department of 
        Homeland Security agencies regarding such programs or implementation of 
        the improvements identified under paragraph (2);
            (4) recommend any legislative, administrative, or other actions that 
        can be taken to eliminate any unnecessary barriers to collaboration or 
        implementation identified in paragraph (3); and
            (5) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        review, including any unnecessary barriers to collaboration or 
        implementation identified under paragraph (3), and any recommendations 
        under paragraph (4).

SEC. 1940. PASSENGER SECURITY FEE.

    Section 44940(c) is amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Offsetting collections.--Beginning on October 1, 2027, fees 
        collected under subsection (a)(1) for any fiscal year shall be credited 
        as offsetting collections to appropriations made for aviation security 
        measures carried out by the Transportation Security Administration, to 
        remain available until expended.''.

SEC. 1941. THIRD PARTY CANINE TEAMS FOR AIR CARGO SECURITY.

    Section 1307 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act 
of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1116) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Third Party Canine Teams for Air Cargo Security.--
            ``(1) In general.--In order to enhance the screening of air cargo 
        and ensure that third party explosives detection canine assets are 
        leveraged for such purpose, the Administrator shall, not later than 180 
        days after the date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act--
                    ``(A) develop and issue standards for the use of such third 
                party explosives detection canine assets for the primary 
                screening of air cargo;
                    ``(B) develop a process to identify qualified non-Federal 
                entities that will certify canine assets that meet the standards 
                established by the Administrator under subparagraph (A);
                    ``(C) ensure that entities qualified to certify canine 
                assets shall be independent from entities that will train and 
                provide canines to end users of such canine assets;
                    ``(D) establish a system of Transportation Security 
                Administration audits of the process developed under 
                subparagraph (B); and
                    ``(E) provide that canines certified for the primary 
                screening of air cargo can be used by air carriers, foreign air 
                carriers, freight forwarders, and shippers.
            ``(2) Implementation.--Beginning on the date that the development of 
        the process under paragraph (1)(B) is complete, the Administrator 
        shall--
                    ``(A) facilitate the deployment of such assets that meet the 
                certification standards of the Administration, as determined by 
                the Administrator;
                    ``(B) make such standards available to vendors seeking to 
                train and deploy third party explosives detection canine assets; 
                and
                    ``(C) ensure that all costs for the training and 
                certification of canines, and for the use of supplied canines, 
                are borne by private industry and not the Federal Government.
            ``(3) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Air carrier.--The term `air carrier' has the meaning 
                given the term in section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.
                    ``(B) Foreign air carrier.--The term `foreign air carrier' 
                has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
                United States Code.
                    ``(C) Third party explosives detection canine asset.--The 
                term `third party explosives detection canine asset' means any 
                explosives detection canine or handler not owned or employed, 
                respectively, by the Transportation Security Administration.''.

SEC. 1942. KNOWN SHIPPER PROGRAM REVIEW.

    The Administrator shall direct the Air Cargo Subcommittee of ASAC--
            (1) to conduct a comprehensive review and security assessment of the 
        Known Shipper Program;
            (2) to recommend whether the Known Shipper Program should be 
        modified or eliminated considering the full implementation of 100 
        percent screening under section 44901(g) of title 49, United States 
        Code; and
            (3) to report its findings and recommendations to the Administrator.

SEC. 1943. ESTABLISHMENT OF AIR CARGO SECURITY DIVISION.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
``Sec. 44947. Air cargo security division
    ``(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall establish an air cargo 
security division to carry out and engage with stakeholders regarding the 
implementation of air cargo security programs established by the Administration.
    ``(b) Leadership; Staffing.--The air cargo security division established 
pursuant to subsection (a) shall be headed by an individual in the executive 
service within the TSA and be staffed by not fewer than 4 full-time equivalents, 
including the head of the division.
    ``(c) Staffing.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration shall staff the air cargo security division with existing TSA 
personnel.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is amended by 
inserting after the item related to section 44946 the following:

``44947. Air cargo security division.''.

SEC. 1944. AIR CARGO REGULATION REVIEW.

    (a) Review.--Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall--
            (1) review the Certified Cargo Screening Program, including--
                    (A) consideration of the degree to which the Program is 
                effective at fully addressing evolving threats to air cargo, 
                particularly as air cargo volumes fluctuate; and
                    (B) identification of any vulnerabilities in the Program and 
                effectiveness of information sharing with air cargo security 
                stakeholders; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        findings of the review under paragraph (1), including--
                    (A) a description of the actions the Administrator has taken 
                to improve the Program; and
                    (B) a description of the actions the Administrator will take 
                to address the findings of the review under paragraph (1), 
                including any plans to issue new rulemaking, if necessary.

SEC. 1945. GAO REVIEW.

    Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the Department's analysis and intelligence pre-screening 
        processes and procedures for air cargo entering the United States;
            (2) review the pilot program conducted under section 1925;
            (3) assess the effectiveness of the Department's risk-based strategy 
        for examining air cargo and ensuring compliance with air cargo security 
        law, including regulations; and
            (4) review the Department's information sharing procedures and 
        practices for disseminating information to relevant stakeholders on 
        preventing, mitigating, and responding to air cargo related threats.

SEC. 1946. SCREENING PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM UPDATES.

    (a) Security Screening Opt-Out Program.--Section 44920 is amended--
            (1) in the heading by striking ``Security screening opt-out 
        program'' and inserting ``Screening partnership program'';
            (2) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--An airport operator may submit to the Administrator of 
the Transportation Security Administration an application to carry out the 
screening of passengers and property at the airport under section 44901 by 
personnel of a qualified private screening company pursuant to a contract 
entered into with the Transportation Security Administration.'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of receipt 
        of an application submitted by an airport operator under subsection (a), 
        the Administrator shall approve or deny the application.''; and
                    (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator'';
            (4) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Standards'' inserting 
                ``Selection of Contracts and Standards'';
                    (B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
                    (C) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``The Under Secretary may enter'' 
                        and all that follows through ``certifies to Congress 
                        that--'' and inserting ``The Administrator shall, upon 
                        approval of the application, provide the airport 
                        operator with a list of qualified private screening 
                        companies.''; and
                            (ii) by inserting before subparagraphs (A) and (B) 
                        the following:
            ``(2) Contracts.--The Administrator shall, to the extent 
        practicable, enter into a contract with a private screening company from 
        the list provided under paragraph (1) for the provision of screening at 
        the airport not later than 120 days after the date of approval of an 
        application submitted by the airport operator under subsection (a) if--
        ''; and
                    (D) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``; and'' and 
                        inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) by striking the period at the end and 
                                inserting ``; and''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) the selected qualified private screening company 
                offered contract price is equal to or less than the cost to the 
                Federal Government to provide screening services at the 
                airport.''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (3), as redesignated--
                            (i) by striking ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and inserting 
                        ``paragraph (2)(B)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (5) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Screened'' and inserting 
                ``Screening'';
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
                and'';
                    (C) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting 
                ``The Administrator shall--'';
                    (D) by inserting ``(1)'' before ``provide Federal 
                Government'' and indenting appropriately; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) undertake covert testing and remedial training support for 
        employees of private screening companies providing screening at 
        airports.'';
            (6) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) in the heading, by inserting ``or Suspension'' after 
                ``Termination'';
                    (B) by striking ``terminate'' and inserting ``suspend or 
                terminate, as appropriate,''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (7) by striking subsection (h) and inserting the following:
    ``(h) Evaluation of Screening Company Proposals for Award.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        notwithstanding any other provision of law, including title 48 of the 
        Code of Federal Regulations and the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
        U.S.C. App.), an airport operator that has applied and been approved to 
        have security screening services carried out by a qualified private 
        screening company under contract with the Administrator may nominate to 
        the head of the contracting activity an individual to participate in the 
        evaluation of proposals for the award of such contract.
            ``(2) Participation on a proposal evaluation committee.--Any 
        participation on a proposal evaluation committee under paragraph (1) 
        shall be conducted in accordance with chapter 21 of title 41.
    ``(i) Innovative Screening Approaches and Technologies.--The Administrator 
shall encourage an airport operator to whom screening services are provided 
under this section to recommend to the Administrator innovative screening 
approaches and technologies. Upon receipt of any such recommendations, the 
Administrator shall review and, if appropriate, test, conduct a pilot project, 
and, if appropriate, deploy such approaches and technologies.''.
    (b) Feasibility Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with airport 
        operators and airlines, shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
        Congress an assessment of the feasibility of modifying the Screening 
        Partnership Program to allow an individual airport terminal to 
        participate in the Screening Partnership Program.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the assessment under paragraph 
        (1), the Administrator shall consider--
                    (A) potential benefits and costs, including with respect to 
                the efficacy of security operations, of such an approach;
                    (B) potential impacts on security operations; and
                    (C) potential impacts on recruitment, hiring, and retention.
    (c) Applications Submitted Before the Date of Enactment.--Not later than 30 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall approve or 
deny, in accordance with section 44920(b) of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by this Act, each application submitted before the date of enactment of 
this Act, by an airport operator under subsection (a) of that section, that is 
awaiting such a determination.

SEC. 1947. SCREENING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS.

    Subject to part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, the 
Administrator shall quarterly make available to the airport director of an 
airport--
            (1) an assessment of the screening performance of that airport 
        compared to the mean average performance of all airports in the 
        equivalent airport category for screening performance data; and
            (2) a briefing on the results of performance data reports, 
        including--
                    (A) a scorecard of objective metrics developed by the Office 
                of Security Operations to measure screening performance, such as 
                results of annual proficiency reviews and covert testing, at the 
                appropriate level of classification; and
                    (B) other performance data, including--
                            (i) passenger throughput;
                            (ii) wait times; and
                            (iii) employee attrition, absenteeism, injury rates, 
                        and any other human capital measures collected by the 
                        TSA.

SEC. 1948. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--Section 44935 is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(i) Accessibility of Computer-based Training 
        Facilities.--'' and inserting ``(k) Accessibility of Computer-based 
        Training Facilities.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Initial and Recurring Training.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall establish a training 
        program for new security screening personnel located at the 
        Transportation Security Administration Academy.
            ``(2) Recurring training.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall 
                establish recurring training for security screening personnel 
                regarding updates to screening procedures and technologies, 
                including, in response to weaknesses identified in covert tests 
                at airports--
                            ``(i) methods to identify the verification of false 
                        or fraudulent travel documents; and
                            ``(ii) training on emerging threats.
                    ``(B) Contents.--The training under subparagraph (A) shall 
                include--
                            ``(i) internal controls for monitoring and 
                        documenting compliance of transportation security 
                        officers with such training requirements; and
                            ``(ii) such other matters as identified by the 
                        Administrator with regard to such training.''.
    (b) GAO Study.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) examine the effectiveness of the new security screening 
        personnel training under section 44935(l) of title 49, United States 
        Code; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.

SEC. 1949. TRAVELER REDRESS IMPROVEMENT.

    (a) Redress Process.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, using existing resources, systems, and 
        processes, shall ensure the availability of the Department of Homeland 
        Security Traveler Redress Inquiry Program (referred to in this section 
        as ``DHS TRIP'') redress process to adjudicate an inquiry for an 
        individual who--
                    (A) is a citizen of the United States or alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence;
                    (B) has filed the inquiry with DHS TRIP after receiving 
                enhanced screening at an airport passenger security checkpoint 
                more than 3 times in any 60-day period; and
                    (C) believes the individual has been wrongly identified as 
                being a threat to aviation security.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of 
        Congress on the implementation of the redress process required under 
        paragraph (1).
    (b) Privacy Impact Review and Update.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall review and update the Privacy 
        Impact Assessment for the Secure Flight programs to ensure the 
        assessment accurately reflects the operation of such programs.
            (2) Public dissemination; form.--The Administrator shall--
                    (A) publish the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment 
                review and update required under paragraph (1) on a publicly-
                accessible internet webpage of the TSA; and
                    (B) submit the Secure Flight Privacy Impact Assessment 
                review and update to the appropriate committees of Congress.
    (c) Rule Review and Notification Process.--
            (1) Rule review.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter, the Assistant Administrator 
        of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of the TSA, in coordination 
        with the entities specified in paragraph (3), shall identify and review 
        the screening rules established by the Office of Intelligence and 
        Analysis of TSA.
            (2) Notification process.--Not later than 2 days after the date that 
        any change to a rule identified under paragraph (1) is made, the 
        Assistant Administrator of the Office of Intelligence and Analysis of 
        the TSA shall notify the entities specified in paragraph (3) of the 
        change.
            (3) Entities specified.--The entities specified in this paragraph 
        are as follows:
                    (A) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties, Ombudsman, and 
                Traveler Engagement of the TSA.
                    (B) The Office of Civil Rights and Liberties of the 
                Department.
                    (C) The Office of Chief Counsel of the TSA.
                    (D) The Office of General Counsel of the Department.
                    (E) The Privacy Office of the Administration.
                    (F) The Privacy Office of the Department.
                    (G) The Federal Air Marshal Service.
                    (H) The Traveler Redress Inquiry Program of the Department.
    (d) Federal Air Marshal Service Coordination.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure that the rules 
        identified in subsection (c) are taken into account for Federal Air 
        Marshal mission scheduling.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees 
        of Congress a report on whether, and if so how, the rules identified in 
        subsection (c) are incorporated in the risk analysis conducted during 
        the Federal Air Marshal mission scheduling process.
    (e) GAO Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) study the rules identified under subsection (c)(1), including--
                    (A) whether the rules are effective in mitigating potential 
                threats to aviation security; and
                    (B) whether, and if so how, the TSA coordinates with the 
                Department regarding any proposed change to a rule; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        findings under paragraph (1), including any recommendations.

SEC. 1950. IMPROVEMENTS FOR SCREENING OF PASSENGERS WITH DISABILITIES.

    (a) Revised Training.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with nationally-
        recognized veterans and disability organizations, shall revise the 
        training requirements for Transportation Security Officers related to 
        the screening of passengers with disabilities, including passengers with 
        disabilities who participate in the PreCheck program.
            (2) Training specifications.--In revising the training requirements 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall address the proper 
        screening, and any particular sensitivities related to the screening, of 
        a passenger with a disability--
                    (A) traveling with a medical device, including an indwelling 
                medical device;
                    (B) traveling with a prosthetic;
                    (C) traveling with a wheelchair, walker, scooter, or other 
                mobility device;
                    (D) traveling with a service animal; or
                    (E) with sensitivities to touch, pressure, sound, or 
                hypersensitivity to stimuli in the environment.
            (3) Training frequency.--The Administrator shall implement the 
        revised training under paragraph (1) during initial and recurrent 
        training of all Transportation Security Officers.
    (b) Best Practices.--The individual at the TSA responsible for civil rights, 
liberties, and traveler engagement shall--
            (1) record each complaint from a passenger with a disability 
        regarding the screening practice of the TSA;
            (2) identify the most frequent concerns raised, or accommodations 
        requested, in the complaints;
            (3) determine the best practices for addressing the concerns and 
        requests identified in paragraph (2); and
            (4) recommend appropriate training based on such best practices.
    (c) Signage.--At each category X airport, the TSA shall place signage at 
each security checkpoint that--
            (1) specifies how to contact the appropriate TSA employee at the 
        airport designated to address complaints of screening mistreatment based 
        on disability; and
            (2) describes how to receive assistance from that individual or 
        other qualified personnel at the security screening checkpoint.
    (d) Reports to Congress.--Not later than September 30 of the first full 
fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each fiscal year 
thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report on the checkpoint experiences of passengers with disabilities, 
including the following:
            (1) The number and most frequent types of disability-related 
        complaints received.
            (2) The best practices recommended under subsection (b) to address 
        the top areas of concern.
            (3) The estimated wait times for assist requests for passengers with 
        disabilities, including disabled passengers who participate in the 
        PreCheck program.

SEC. 1951. AIR CARGO ADVANCE SCREENING PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and 
the Administrator, consistent with the requirements of the Trade Act of 2002 
(Public Law 107-210) shall--
            (1) establish an air cargo advance screening program (referred to in 
        this section as the ``ACAS Program'') for the collection of advance 
        electronic information from air carriers and other persons within the 
        supply chain regarding cargo being transported to the United States by 
        air;
            (2) under such program, require that such information be transmitted 
        by such air carriers and other persons at the earliest point practicable 
        prior to loading of such cargo onto an aircraft destined to or 
        transiting through the United States;
            (3) establish appropriate communications systems with freight 
        forwarders, shippers, and air carriers;
            (4) establish a system that will allow freight forwarders, shippers, 
        and air carriers to provide shipment level data for air cargo, departing 
        from any location that is inbound to the United States; and
            (5) identify opportunities in which the information furnished in 
        compliance with the ACAS Program could be used by the Administrator.
    (b) Inspection of High-risk Cargo.--Under the ACAS Program, the Commissioner 
of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Administrator shall ensure that 
all cargo that has been identified as high-risk is inspected--
            (1) prior to the loading of such cargo onto aircraft at the last 
        point of departure; or
            (2) at an earlier point in the supply chain, before departing for 
        the United States.
    (c) Consultation.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, the Commissioner of 
U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Administrator shall consult with 
relevant stakeholders, as appropriate, to ensure that an operationally feasible 
and practical approach to--
            (1) the collection of advance information with respect to cargo on 
        aircraft departing for the United States is applied; and
            (2) the inspection of high-risk cargo recognizes the significant 
        differences among air cargo business models and modes of transportation.
    (d) Analysis.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and 
the Administrator may analyze the information described in subsection (a) in the 
Department of Homeland Security's automated targeting system and integrate such 
information with other intelligence to enhance the accuracy of the risk 
assessment process under the ACAS Program.
    (e) No Duplication.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection 
and the Administrator shall carry out this section in a manner that, after the 
ACAS Program is fully in effect, ensures, to the greatest extent practicable, 
that the ACAS Program does not duplicate other Department programs or 
requirements relating to the submission of air cargo data or the inspection of 
high-risk cargo.
    (f) Consideration of Industry.--In carrying out the ACAS Program, the 
Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the content and timeliness of the available data may 
        vary among entities in the air cargo industry and among countries;
            (2) explore procedures to accommodate the variations described in 
        paragraph (1) while maximizing the contribution of such data to the risk 
        assessment process under the ACAS Program;
            (3) test the business processes, technologies, and operational 
        procedures required to provide advance information with respect to cargo 
        on aircraft departing for the United States and carry out related 
        inspection of high-risk cargo, while ensuring delays and other negative 
        impacts on vital supply chains are minimized; and
            (4) consider the cost, benefit, and feasibility before establishing 
        any set time period for submission of certain elements of the data for 
        air cargo under this section in line with the regulatory guidelines 
        specified in Executive Order 13563 or any successor Executive order or 
        regulation.
    (g) Guidance.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and 
the Administrator shall provide guidance for participants in the ACAS Program 
regarding the requirements for participation, including requirements for 
transmitting shipment level data.
    (h) Use of Data.--The Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and 
the Administrator shall use the data provided under the ACAS Program for 
targeting shipments for screening and aviation security purposes only.
    (i) Final Rule.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, in coordination 
with the Administrator, shall issue a final regulation to implement the ACAS 
Program to include the electronic transmission to U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection of data elements for targeting cargo, including appropriate security 
elements of shipment level data.
    (j) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the commencement of 
the ACAS Program, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the 
Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report 
detailing the operational implementation of providing advance information under 
the ACAS Program and the value of such information in targeting cargo.

SEC. 1952. GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Securing General 
Aviation and Charter Air Carrier Service Act''.
    (b) Advanced Passenger Prescreening System.--Not later than 120 days after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report on the status of the deployment of 
the advanced passenger prescreening system, and access thereto for certain 
aircraft charter operators, as required by section 44903(j)(2)(E) of title 49, 
United States Code, including--
            (1) the reasons for the delay in deploying the system; and
            (2) a detailed schedule of actions necessary for the deployment of 
        the system.
    (c) Screening Services Other Than in Primary Passenger Terminals.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the 
        Administrator may provide screening services to a charter air carrier in 
        an area other than the primary passenger terminal of an applicable 
        airport.
            (2) Requests.--A request for screening services under paragraph (1) 
        shall be made at such time, in such form, and in such manner as the 
        Administrator may require, except that the request shall be made to the 
        Federal Security Director for the applicable airport at which the 
        screening services are requested.
            (3) Availability.--A Federal Security Director may provide requested 
        screening services under this section if the Federal Security Director 
        determines such screening services are available.
            (4) Agreements.--
                    (A) Limitation.--No screening services may be provided under 
                this section unless a charter air carrier agrees in writing to 
                compensate the TSA for all reasonable costs, including overtime, 
                of providing the screening services.
                    (B) Payments.--Notwithstanding section 3302 of title 31, 
                United States Code, payment received under subparagraph (A) 
                shall be credited to the account that was used to cover the cost 
                of providing the screening services. Amounts so credited shall 
                be merged with amounts in that account, and shall be available 
                for the same purposes, and subject to the same conditions and 
                limitations, as other amounts in that account.
            (5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    (A) Applicable airport.--The term ``applicable airport'' 
                means an airport that--
                            (i) is not a commercial service airport; and
                            (ii) is receiving screening services for scheduled 
                        passenger aircraft.
                    (B) Charter air carrier.--The term ``charter air carrier'' 
                has the meaning given the term in section 40102 of title 49, 
                United States Code.
                    (C) Screening services.--The term ``screening services'' 
                means the screening of passengers and property similar to the 
                screening of passengers and property described in section 44901 
                of title 49, United States Code.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the ASAC, shall, consistent with 
the requirements of paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 44946(b) of title 49, 
United States Code, submit to the appropriate Committees of Congress an 
implementation plan, including an implementation schedule, for any of the 
following recommendations that were adopted by the ASAC and with which the 
Administrator has concurred before the date of the enactment of this Act:
            (1) The recommendation regarding general aviation access to Ronald 
        Reagan Washington National Airport, as adopted on February 17, 2015.
            (2) The recommendation regarding the vetting of persons seeking 
        flight training in the United States, as adopted on July 28, 2016.
            (3) Any other such recommendations relevant to the security of 
        general aviation adopted before the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (e) Designated Staffing.--The Administrator may designate 1 or more full-
time employees of the TSA to liaise with, and respond to issues raised by, 
general aviation stakeholders.
    (f) Security Enhancements.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the ASAC, shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the feasibility of 
requiring a security threat assessment before an individual could obtain 
training from a private flight school to operate an aircraft having a maximum 
certificated takeoff weight of more than 12,500 pounds.

                      Subtitle E--Foreign Airport Security

SEC. 1953. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORTS; SECURITY DIRECTIVES.

    (a) Notice and Consultation.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, consult and notify the following stakeholders prior to 
        making changes to security standards via security directives and 
        emergency amendments for last points of departure:
                    (A) Trade association representatives, for affected air 
                carriers and airports, who hold the appropriate security 
                clearances.
                    (B) The head of each relevant Federal department or agency, 
                including the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration.
            (2) Transmittal to congress.--Not later than 3 days after the date 
        that the Administrator issues a security directive or emergency 
        amendment for a last point of departure, the Administrator shall 
        transmit to the appropriate committees of Congress a description of the 
        extent to which the Administrator consulted and notified the 
        stakeholders under paragraph (1).
    (b) GAO Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall review 
        the effectiveness of the TSA process to update, consolidate, or revoke 
        security directives, emergency amendments, and other policies related to 
        international aviation security at last point of departure airports and 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the Administrator a 
        report on the findings and recommendations.
            (2) Contents.--In conducting the review under paragraph (1), the 
        Comptroller General shall--
                    (A) review current security directives, emergency 
                amendments, and any other policies related to international 
                aviation security at last point of departure airports;
                    (B) review the extent of intra-agency and interagency 
                coordination, stakeholder outreach, coordination, and feedback; 
                and
                    (C) review TSA's process and criteria for, and 
                implementation of, updating or revoking the policies described 
                in subparagraph (A).
    (c) Rescreening.--Subject to section 44901(d)(4)(c) of title 49, United 
States Code, upon discovery of specific threat intelligence, the Administrator 
shall immediately direct TSA personnel to rescreen passengers and baggage 
arriving from an airport outside the United States and identify enhanced 
measures that should be implemented at that airport.
    (d) Notification to Congress.--Not later than 1 day after the date that the 
Administrator determines that a foreign air carrier is in violation of part 1546 
of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, or any other applicable security 
requirement, the Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of 
Congress.
    (e) Decisions Not Subject to Judicial Review.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, any decision of the Administrator under subsection (a)(1) 
relating to consultation or notification shall not be subject to judicial 
review.

SEC. 1954. LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT ASSESSMENT.

    Section 44907(a)(2)(B) is amended by inserting ``, including the screening 
and vetting of airport workers'' before the semicolon.

SEC. 1955. TRACKING SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT FROM LAST POINT OF DEPARTURE 
              AIRPORTS.

    (a) Donation of Screening Equipment To Protect the United States.--Chapter 
449 is amended--
            (1) in subchapter I, by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United States
    ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Administrator is 
authorized to donate security screening equipment to a foreign last point of 
departure airport operator if such equipment can be reasonably expected to 
mitigate a specific vulnerability to the security of the United States or United 
States citizens.
    ``(b) Conditions.--Before donating any security screening equipment to a 
foreign last point of departure airport operator the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) ensure that the screening equipment has been restored to 
        commercially available settings;
            ``(2) ensure that no TSA-specific security standards or algorithms 
        exist on the screening equipment; and
            ``(3) verify that the appropriate officials have an adequate 
        system--
                    ``(A) to properly maintain and operate the screening 
                equipment; and
                    ``(B) to document and track any removal or disposal of the 
                screening equipment to ensure the screening equipment does not 
                come into the possession of terrorists or otherwise pose a risk 
                to security.
    ``(c) Reports.--Not later than 30 days before any donation of security 
screening equipment under subsection (a), the Administrator shall provide to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland 
Security of the House of Representatives a detailed written explanation of the 
following:
            ``(1) The specific vulnerability to the United States or United 
        States citizens that will be mitigated by such donation.
            ``(2) An explanation as to why the recipient of such donation is 
        unable or unwilling to purchase security screening equipment to mitigate 
        such vulnerability.
            ``(3) An evacuation plan for sensitive technologies in case of 
        emergency or instability in the country to which such donation is being 
        made.
            ``(4) How the Administrator will ensure the security screening 
        equipment that is being donated is used and maintained over the course 
        of its life by the recipient.
            ``(5) The total dollar value of such donation.
            ``(6) How the appropriate officials will document and track any 
        removal or disposal of the screening equipment by the recipient to 
        ensure the screening equipment does not come into the possession of 
        terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to security.''; and
            (2) in the table of contents, by inserting after the item relating 
        to section 44928 the following:

``44929. Donation of screening equipment to protect the United 
                            States.''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendments.--Section 3204 of the Aviation 
Security Act of 2016 (49 U.S.C. 44901 note) and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents of that Act are repealed.
    (c) Raising International Standards.--Not later than 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall collaborate with other 
aviation authorities and the United States Ambassador or the Charge d'Affaires 
to the United States Mission to the International Civil Aviation Organization, 
as applicable, to advance a global standard for each international airport to 
document and track the removal and disposal of any security screening equipment 
to ensure the screening equipment does not come into the possession of 
terrorists or otherwise pose a risk to security.

SEC. 1956. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STANDARDS.

    (a) Global Aviation Security Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in coordination with the Commissioner of 
        the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Director of the Office of 
        International Engagement of the Department of Homeland Security, and the 
        Secretary of State, shall conduct a global aviation security review to 
        improve aviation security standards, including standards intended to 
        mitigate cybersecurity threats, across the global aviation system.
            (2) Best practices.--The global aviation security review shall 
        establish best practices regarding the following:
                    (A) Collaborating with foreign partners to improve global 
                aviation security capabilities and standards.
                    (B) Identifying foreign partners that--
                            (i) have not successfully implemented security 
                        protocols from the International Civil Aviation 
                        Organization or the Department of Homeland Security; and
                            (ii) have not taken steps to implement such security 
                        protocols;
                    (C) Improving the development, outreach, and implementation 
                process for security directives or emergency amendments issued 
                to domestic and foreign air carriers.
                    (D) Assessing the cybersecurity risk of security screening 
                equipment.
    (b) Notification.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the United States Ambassador 
to the International Civil Aviation Organization, shall notify the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate, and the Committee on Homeland Security and the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs of the House of Representatives of the progress of the review under 
subsection (a) and any proposed international improvements to aviation security.
    (c) ICAO.--Subject to subsection (a), the Administrator and Ambassador shall 
take such action at the International Civil Aviation Organization as the 
Administrator and Ambassador consider necessary to advance aviation security 
improvement proposals, including if practicable, introducing a resolution to 
raise minimum standards for aviation security.
    (d) Briefings to Congress.--Beginning not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, and periodically thereafter, the Administrator, in 
consultation with the Ambassador with respect to subsection (c), shall brief the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on Homeland Security and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives on the 
implementation of subsections (a) and (b).

SEC. 1957. AVIATION SECURITY IN CUBA.

    (a) Security of Public Charter Operations.--The Administrator of the 
Transportation Security Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of 
Transportation and the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, 
shall--
            (1) direct all public charters operating flights between the United 
        States and Cuba to provide updated flight schedules to, and maintain 
        such schedules with, the Transportation Security Administration; and
            (2) develop and implement a mechanism that corroborates and 
        validates flight schedule data to more reliably track the public charter 
        operations of air carriers between the United States and Cuba.
    (b) Briefing on Security at Airports in Cuba.--The Administrator shall 
provide to Congress (including the Committee on Homeland Security of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
the Senate) a confidential briefing on the following aspects of security 
measures at airports in Cuba that have air service to the United States:
            (1) Details about the type of equipment used at screening 
        checkpoints and an analysis of the capabilities and weaknesses of that 
        equipment.
            (2) Information about each such airport's canine screening program, 
        if used.
            (3) The frequency of training for screening and security personnel.
            (4) Access controls in place to ensure only credentialed personnel 
        have access to the secure and sterile areas of such airports.
            (5) An assessment of the ability of known or suspected terrorists to 
        use Cuba as a gateway to entering the United States.
            (6) Security of such airports' perimeters.
            (7) The vetting practices and procedures for airport employees.
            (8) Any other information the Administrator considers relevant to 
        the security practices, procedures, and equipment in place at such 
        airports.

SEC. 1958. REPORT ON AIRPORTS USED BY MAHAN AIR.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, and annually thereafter through 2021, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of State, 
the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall 
submit to Congress a report that includes--
            (1) a list of all airports at which aircraft owned or controlled by 
        Mahan Air have landed during the 2 years preceding the submission of the 
        report; and
            (2) for each such airport--
                    (A) an assessment of whether aircraft owned or controlled by 
                Mahan Air continue to conduct operations at that airport;
                    (B) an assessment of whether any of the landings of aircraft 
                owned or controlled by Mahan Air were necessitated by an 
                emergency situation;
                    (C) a determination regarding whether additional security 
                measures should be imposed on flights to the United States that 
                originate from that airport; and
                    (D) an explanation of the rationale for that determination.
    (b) Form of Report.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall be 
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
    (c) Publication of List.--The list required by subsection (a)(1) shall be 
publicly and prominently posted on the website of the Department of Homeland 
Security on the date on which the report required by subsection (a) is submitted 
to Congress.

                     Subtitle F--Cockpit and Cabin Security

SEC. 1959. FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL SERVICE UPDATES.

    (a) Standardization.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a standard written 
        agreement that shall be the basis of all negotiations and agreements 
        that begin after the date of enactment of this Act between the United 
        States and foreign governments or partners regarding the presence of 
        Federal air marshals on flights to and from the United States, including 
        deployment, technical assistance, and information sharing.
            (2) Written agreements.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), not 
        later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, all 
        agreements between the United States and foreign governments or partners 
        regarding the presence of Federal air marshals on flights to and from 
        the United States shall be in writing and signed by the Administrator or 
        other authorized United States Government representative.
            (3) Exception.--The Administrator may schedule Federal air marshal 
        service on flights operating to a foreign country with which no written 
        agreement is in effect if the Administrator determines that--
                    (A) such mission is necessary for aviation security; and
                    (B) the requirements of paragraph (4)(B) are met.
            (4) Notification to congress.--
                    (A) Written agreements.--Not later than 30 days after the 
                date that the Administrator enters into a written agreement 
                under this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the 
                appropriate committees of Congress a copy of the agreement.
                    (B) No written agreements.--The Administrator shall submit 
                to the appropriate committees of Congress--
                            (i) not later than 30 days after the date of 
                        enactment of this Act, a list of each foreign government 
                        or partner that does not have a written agreement under 
                        this section, including an explanation for why no 
                        written agreement exists and a justification for the 
                        determination that such a mission is necessary for 
                        aviation security; and
                            (ii) not later than 30 days after the date that the 
                        Administrator makes a determination to schedule Federal 
                        air marshal service on flights operating to a foreign 
                        country with which no written agreement is in effect 
                        under paragraph (3), the name of the applicable foreign 
                        government or partner, an explanation for why no written 
                        agreement exists, and a justification for the 
                        determination that such mission is necessary for 
                        aviation security.
    (b) Mission Scheduling Automation.--The Administrator shall endeavor to 
acquire automated capabilities or technologies for scheduling Federal air 
marshal service missions based on current risk modeling.
    (c) Improving Federal Air Marshal Service Deployments.--
            (1) After-action reports.--The Administrator shall strengthen 
        internal controls to ensure that all after-action reports on Federal air 
        marshal service special mission coverage provided to stakeholders 
        include documentation of supervisory review and approval, and mandatory 
        narratives.
            (2) Study.--The Administrator shall contract with an independent 
        entity to conduct a validation and verification study of the risk 
        analysis and risk-based determinations guiding Federal air marshal 
        service deployment, including the use of risk-based strategies under 
        subsection (d).
            (3) Cost-benefit analysis.--The Administrator shall conduct a cost-
        benefit analysis regarding mitigation of aviation security threats 
        through Federal air marshal service deployment.
            (4) Performance measures.--The Administrator shall improve existing 
        performance measures to better determine the effectiveness of in-flight 
        operations in addressing the highest risks to aviation transportation 
        based on current intelligence.
            (5) Long distance flights.--Section 44917 is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (b); and
                    (B) by redesignating subsections (c) through (d) as 
                subsections (b) through (c), respectively.
    (d) Use of Risk-based Strategies.--
            (1) In general.--Section 44917(a) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the 
                semicolon at the end;
                    (B) in paragraph (8), by striking the period at the end and 
                inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize a 
        risk-based strategy when allocating resources between international and 
        domestic flight coverage, including when initially setting its annual 
        target numbers of average daily international and domestic flights to 
        cover;
            ``(10) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize a 
        risk-based strategy to support domestic allocation decisions;
            ``(11) shall require the Federal Air Marshal Service to utilize a 
        risk-based strategy to support international allocation decisions; and
            ``(12) shall ensure that the seating arrangements of Federal air 
        marshals on aircraft are determined in a manner that is risk-based and 
        most capable of responding to current threats to aviation security.''.
            (2) Briefing.--Not later than 270 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of 
        Congress on the Federal Air Marshal Service's compliance with the 
        requirements under paragraphs (9) through (12) of section 44917(a) of 
        title 49, United States Code, as added by this Act, and the documented 
        methodology used by the Federal Air Marshal Service to conduct risk 
        assessments in accordance with such paragraphs.
            (3) Implementation deadline.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall begin implementing the 
        requirements under paragraphs (9) through (12) of section 44917(a), 
        United States Code, as added by this Act.

SEC. 1960. CREW MEMBER SELF-DEFENSE TRAINING.

    The Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration, shall continue to carry out and encourage increased 
participation by air carrier employees in the voluntary self-defense training 
program under section 44918(b) of title 49, United States Code.

SEC. 1961. FLIGHT DECK SAFETY AND SECURITY.

    (a) Threat Assessment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration, shall complete a detailed threat assessment to 
identify any safety or security risks associated with unauthorized access to the 
flight decks on commercial aircraft and any appropriate measures that should be 
taken based on the risks.
    (b) RTCA Report.--The Administrator, in coordination with the Administrator 
of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall disseminate RTCA Document (DO-329) 
Aircraft Secondary Barriers and Alternative Flight Deck Security Procedure to 
aviation stakeholders, including air carriers and flight crew, to convey 
effective methods and best practices to protect the flight deck.

SEC. 1962. CARRIAGE OF WEAPONS, EXPLOSIVES, AND INCENDIARIES BY INDIVIDUALS.

    (a) Interpretive Rule.--Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the 
Administrator shall periodically review and amend, as necessary, the 
interpretive rule (68 Fed. Reg. 7444) that provides guidance to the public on 
the types of property considered to be weapons, explosives, and incendiaries 
prohibited under section 1540.111 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations.
    (b) Considerations.--Before determining whether to amend the interpretive 
rule to include or remove an item from the prohibited list, the Administrator 
shall--
            (1) research and evaluate--
                    (A) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on security 
                risks;
                    (B) the impact, if any, the amendment would have on 
                screening operations, including effectiveness and efficiency; 
                and
                    (C) whether the amendment is consistent with international 
                standards and guidance, including of the International Civil 
                Aviation Organization; and
            (2) consult with appropriate aviation security stakeholders, 
        including ASAC.
    (c) Exceptions.--Except for plastic or round bladed butter knives, the 
Administrator may not amend the interpretive rule described in subsection (a) to 
authorize any knife to be permitted in an airport sterile area or in the cabin 
of an aircraft.
    (d) Notification.--The Administrator shall--
            (1) publish in the Federal Register any amendment to the 
        interpretive rule described in subsection (a); and
            (2) notify the appropriate committees of Congress of the amendment 
        not later than 3 days before publication under paragraph (1).

SEC. 1963. FEDERAL FLIGHT DECK OFFICER PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS.

    (a) Improved Access to Training Facilities.--Section 44921(c)(2)(C)(ii) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``The training of'' and inserting the following:
                                    ``(I) In general.--The training of'';
            (2) in subclause (I), as designated, by striking ``approved by the 
        Under Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) Access to training facilities.--The 
                                Administrator shall designate additional 
                                firearms training facilities located in various 
                                regions of the United States for Federal flight 
                                deck officers for recurrent and requalifying 
                                training relative to the number of such 
                                facilities available on the day before such date 
                                of enactment.''.
    (b) Firearms Requalification.--Section 44921(c)(2)(C) is amended--
            (1) in clause (iii)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Under Secretary shall'' and inserting 
                the following:
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Administrator 
                                shall'';
                    (B) in subclause (I), as designated by subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``the Under Secretary'' and inserting ``the 
                Administrator''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) Use of facilities for 
                                requalification.--The Administrator shall allow 
                                a Federal flight deck officer to requalify to 
                                carry a firearm under the program through 
                                training at a Transportation Security 
                                Administration-approved firearms training 
                                facility utilizing a Transportation Security 
                                Administration-approved contractor and a 
                                curriculum developed and approved by the 
                                Transportation Security Administration.''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) Periodic review.--The Administrator shall 
                        periodically review requalification training intervals 
                        and assess whether it is appropriate and sufficient to 
                        adjust the time between each requalification training to 
                        facilitate continued participation in the program under 
                        this section while still maintaining effectiveness of 
                        the training, and update the training requirements as 
                        appropriate.''.
    (c) Training Review.--Section 44921(c)(2) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
                    ``(D) Training review.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, and biennially 
                thereafter, the Administrator shall review training facilities 
                and training requirements for initial and recurrent training for 
                Federal flight deck officers and evaluate how training 
                requirements, including the length of training, could be 
                streamlined while maintaining the effectiveness of the training, 
                and update the training requirements as appropriate.''.
    (d) Other Measures to Facilitate Training.--Section 44921(e) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Pilots participating'' and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(1) In general.--Pilots participating''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Facilitation of training.--An air carrier shall permit a pilot 
        seeking to be deputized as a Federal flight deck officer or a Federal 
        flight deck officer to take a reasonable amount of leave to participate 
        in initial, recurrent, or requalification training, as applicable, for 
        the program. Leave required under this paragraph may be provided without 
        compensation.''.
    (e) International Harmonization.--Section 44921(f) is amended--
            (1) in paragraphs (1) and (3), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Administrator''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Consistency with federal air marshal program.--The 
        Administrator shall harmonize, to the extent practicable and in a manner 
        that does not jeopardize existing Federal air marshal agreements, the 
        policies relating to the carriage of firearms on international flights 
        by Federal flight deck officers with the policies of the Federal air 
        marshal program for carrying firearms on such flights and carrying out 
        the duties of a Federal flight deck officer, notwithstanding Annex 17 of 
        the International Civil Aviation Organization.''.
    (f) Physical Standards.--Section 44921(d)(2) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses (i), 
        (ii), and (iii), respectively;
            (2) in clause (ii), as redesignated, by striking ``Under 
        Secretary's'' and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) by striking ``A pilot is'' and inserting the following:
                    ``(A) In general.--A pilot is''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) Consistency with requirements for certain medical 
                certificates.--In establishing standards under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii), the Administrator may not establish medical or physical 
                standards for a pilot to become a Federal flight deck officer 
                that are inconsistent with or more stringent than the 
                requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration for the 
                issuance of the required airman medical certificate under part 
                67 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (or any 
                corresponding similar regulation or ruling).''.
    (g) Transfer of Status.--Section 44921(d) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(5) Transfer from inactive to active status.--In accordance with 
        any applicable Transportation Security Administration appeals processes, 
        a pilot deputized as a Federal flight deck officer who moves to inactive 
        status may return to active status upon successful completion of a 
        recurrent training program administered within program guidelines.''.
    (h) Technical Corrections.--Section 44921, as amended by this section, is 
further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3 months 
                after the date of enactment of this section, the Under 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``The Administrator'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Beginning 3 months after 
                the date of enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall 
                begin the process of training and deputizing'' and inserting 
                ``The Administrator shall train and deputize''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3)(N), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator's'';
            (3) in subsection (d)(4)--
                    (A) by striking ``may,'' and inserting ``may''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary's'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator's'';
            (4) in subsection (i)(2), by striking ``the Under Secretary may'' 
        and inserting ``may'';
            (5) in subsection (k)--
                    (A) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3); and
                    (B) by striking ``Applicability.--'' and all that follows 
                through ``This section'' and inserting ``Applicability.--This 
                section'';
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(2) Air transportation.--The term `air transportation' includes 
        all-cargo air transportation.
            ``(3) Firearms training facility.--The term `firearms training 
        facility' means a private or government-owned gun range approved by the 
        Administrator to provide recurrent or requalification training, as 
        applicable, for the program, utilizing a Transportation Security 
        Administration-approved contractor and a curriculum developed and 
        approved by the Transportation Security Administration.
            ``(4) Pilot.--The term `pilot' means an individual who has final 
        authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight 
        or any other flight deck crew member.''; and
            (7) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``Administrator''.
    (i) Sensitive Security Information.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act--
            (1) the Secretary of Transportation shall revise section 15.5(b)(11) 
        of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify information about 
        pilots deputized as Federal flight deck officers under section 44921 of 
        title 49, United States Code, as sensitive security information in a 
        manner consistent with the classification of information about Federal 
        air marshals; and
            (2) the Administrator shall revise section 1520.5(b)(11) of title 
        49, Code of Federal Regulations, to classify information about pilots 
        deputized as Federal flight deck officers under section 44921 of title 
        49, United States Code, as sensitive security information in a manner 
        consistent with the classification of information about Federal air 
        marshals.
    (j) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary 
to carry out this section and the amendments made by this section.

                   Subtitle G--Surface Transportation Security

SEC. 1964. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 
              RISK-BASED STRATEGY.

    (a) Security Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall complete an assessment of the 
        vulnerabilities of and risks to surface transportation systems.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the security assessment under 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, at a minimum--
                    (A) consider appropriate intelligence;
                    (B) consider security breaches and attacks at domestic and 
                international surface transportation facilities;
                    (C) consider the vulnerabilities and risks associated with 
                specific modes of surface transportation;
                    (D) evaluate the vetting and security training of--
                            (i) employees in surface transportation; and
                            (ii) other individuals with access to sensitive or 
                        secure areas of surface transportation networks; and
                    (E) consider input from--
                            (i) representatives of different modes of surface 
                        transportation;
                            (ii) representatives of critical infrastructure 
                        entities;
                            (iii) the Transportation Systems Sector Coordinating 
                        Council; and
                            (iv) the heads of other relevant Federal departments 
                        or agencies.
    (b) Risk-based Surface Transportation Security Strategy.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the security 
        assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall use 
        the results of the assessment--
                    (A) to develop and implement a cross-cutting, risk-based 
                surface transportation security strategy that includes--
                            (i) all surface transportation modes;
                            (ii) a mitigating strategy that aligns with each 
                        vulnerability and risk identified in subsection (a);
                            (iii) a planning process to inform resource 
                        allocation;
                            (iv) priorities, milestones, and performance metrics 
                        to measure the effectiveness of the risk-based surface 
                        transportation security strategy; and
                            (v) processes for sharing relevant and timely 
                        intelligence threat information with appropriate 
                        stakeholders;
                    (B) to develop a management oversight strategy that--
                            (i) identifies the parties responsible for the 
                        implementation, management, and oversight of the risk-
                        based surface transportation security strategy; and
                            (ii) includes a plan for implementing the risk-based 
                        surface transportation security strategy; and
                    (C) to modify the risk-based budget and resource 
                allocations, in accordance with section 1965(c), for the 
                Transportation Security Administration.
            (2) Coordinated approach.--In developing and implementing the risk-
        based surface transportation security strategy under paragraph (1), the 
        Administrator shall coordinate with the heads of other relevant Federal 
        departments or agencies, and stakeholders, as appropriate--
                    (A) to evaluate existing surface transportation security 
                programs, policies, and initiatives, including the explosives 
                detection canine teams, for consistency with the risk-based 
                security strategy and, to the extent practicable, avoid any 
                unnecessary duplication of effort;
                    (B) to determine the extent to which stakeholder security 
                programs, policies, and initiatives address the vulnerabilities 
                and risks to surface transportation systems identified in 
                subsection (a); and
                    (C) subject to subparagraph (B), to mitigate each 
                vulnerability and risk to surface transportation systems 
                identified in subsection (a).
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date the security 
        assessment under subsection (a) is complete, the Administrator shall 
        submit to the appropriate committees of Congress and the Inspector 
        General of the Department a report that--
                    (A) describes the process used to complete the security 
                assessment;
                    (B) describes the process used to develop the risk-based 
                security strategy;
                    (C) describes the risk-based security strategy;
                    (D) includes the management oversight strategy;
                    (E) includes--
                            (i) the findings of the security assessment;
                            (ii) a description of the actions recommended or 
                        taken by the Administrator to mitigate the 
                        vulnerabilities and risks identified in subsection (a), 
                        including interagency coordination;
                            (iii) any recommendations for improving the 
                        coordinated approach to mitigating vulnerabilities and 
                        risks to surface transportation systems; and
                            (iv) any recommended changes to the National 
                        Infrastructure Protection Plan, the modal annexes to 
                        such plan, or relevant surface transportation security 
                        programs, policies, or initiatives; and
                    (F) may contain a classified annex.
            (2) Protections.--In preparing the report, the Administrator shall 
        take appropriate actions to safeguard information described by section 
        552(b) of title 5, United States Code, or protected from disclosure by 
        any other law of the United States.
    (d) Updates.--Not less frequently than semiannually, the Administrator shall 
report to or brief the appropriate committees of Congress on the vulnerabilities 
of and risks to surface transportation systems and how those vulnerabilities and 
risks affect the risk-based security strategy.

SEC. 1965. RISK-BASED BUDGETING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION.

    (a) Report.--In conjunction with the submission of the Department's annual 
budget request to the Office of Management and Budget, the Administrator shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes a risk-
based budget and resource allocation plan for surface transportation sectors, 
within and across modes, that--
            (1) reflects the risk-based surface transportation security strategy 
        under section 1964(b); and
            (2) is organized by appropriations account, program, project, and 
        initiative.
    (b) Budget Transparency.--In submitting the annual budget of the United 
States Government under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, the 
President shall clearly distinguish the resources requested for surface 
transportation security from the resources requested for aviation security.
    (c) Resource Reallocation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 15 days after the date on which the 
        Transportation Security Administration allocates any resources or 
        personnel, including personnel sharing, detailing, or assignment, or the 
        use of facilities, technology systems, or vetting resources, for a 
        nontransportation security purpose or National Special Security Event 
        (as defined in section 2001 of Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
        601)), the Secretary shall provide the notification described in 
        paragraph (2) to the appropriate committees of Congress.
            (2) Notification.--A notification described in this paragraph shall 
        include--
                    (A) the reason for and a justification of the resource or 
                personnel allocation;
                    (B) the expected end date of the resource or personnel 
                allocation; and
                    (C) the projected cost to the Transportation Security 
                Administration of the personnel or resource allocation.
    (d) 5-year Capital Investment Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 
Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a 5-year capital investment 
plan, consistent with the 5-year technology investment plan under section 1611 
of title XVI of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended by section 3 of 
the Transportation Security Acquisition Reform Act (Public Law 113-245; 128 
Stat. 2871).

SEC. 1966. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT AND INTERAGENCY 
              COORDINATION REVIEW.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) review the staffing, budget, resource, and personnel allocation, 
        and management oversight strategy of the Transportation Security 
        Administration's surface transportation security programs;
            (2) review the coordination between relevant entities of leadership, 
        planning, policy, inspections, and implementation of security programs 
        relating to surface transportation to reduce redundancy and regulatory 
        burden; and
            (3) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        findings of the reviews under paragraphs (1) and (2), including any 
        recommendations for improving coordination between relevant entities and 
        reducing redundancy and regulatory burden.

SEC. 1967. TRANSPARENCY.

    (a) Regulations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the Administrator shall 
        publish on a public website information regarding the status of each 
        regulation relating to surface transportation security that is directed 
        by law to be issued and that has not been issued if not less than 2 
        years have passed since the date of enactment of the law.
            (2) Contents.--The information published under paragraph (1) shall 
        include--
                    (A) an updated rulemaking schedule for the outstanding 
                regulation;
                    (B) current staff allocations;
                    (C) data collection or research relating to the development 
                of the rulemaking;
                    (D) current efforts, if any, with security experts, advisory 
                committees, and other stakeholders; and
                    (E) other relevant details associated with the development 
                of the rulemaking that impact the progress of the rulemaking.
    (b) Inspector General Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter until all of the 
requirements under titles XIII, XIV, and XV of the Implementing Recommendations 
of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1111 et seq.) and under this title 
have been fully implemented, the Inspector General of the Department shall 
submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that--
            (1) identifies the requirements under such titles of that Act and 
        under this title that have not been fully implemented;
            (2) describes what, if any, additional action is necessary; and
            (3) includes recommendations regarding whether any of the 
        requirements under such titles of that Act or this title should be 
        amended or repealed.

SEC. 1968. TSA COUNTERTERRORISM ASSET DEPLOYMENT.

    (a) Counterterrorism Asset Deployment.--
            (1) In general.--If the Administrator deploys any counterterrorism 
        personnel or resource, such as explosive detection sweeps, random bag 
        inspections, or patrols by Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response 
        teams, to enhance security at a transportation system or transportation 
        facility for a period of not less than 180 consecutive days, the 
        Administrator shall provide sufficient notification to the system or 
        facility operator, as applicable, not less than 14 days prior to 
        terminating the deployment.
            (2) Exception.--This subsection shall not apply if the 
        Administrator--
                    (A) determines there is an urgent security need for the 
                personnel or resource described in paragraph (1); and
                    (B) notifies the appropriate committees of Congress of the 
                determination under subparagraph (A).
    (b) VIPR Teams.--Section 1303 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/
11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1112) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking ``team,'' and inserting ``team 
        as to specific locations and times within the facilities of such 
        entities at which VIPR teams are to be deployed to maximize the 
        effectiveness of such deployment,''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Performance Measures.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and 
implement a system of qualitative performance measures and objectives by which 
to assess the roles, activities, and effectiveness of VIPR team operations on an 
ongoing basis, including a mechanism through which the transportation entities 
referred to in subsection (a)(4) may submit feedback on VIPR team operations 
involving their systems or facilities.
    ``(c) Plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the 
TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall develop and implement a plan for 
ensuring the interoperability of communications among VIPR team participants and 
between VIPR teams and any transportation entities with systems or facilities 
that are involved in VIPR team operations. Such plan shall include an analysis 
of the costs and resources required to carry out such plan.''.

SEC. 1969. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--Subtitle A of title IV of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 404. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration (referred to in this section as `Administrator') shall establish 
within the Transportation Security Administration the Surface Transportation 
Security Advisory Committee (referred to in this section as the `Advisory 
Committee').
    ``(b) Duties.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Advisory Committee may advise, consult with, 
        report to, and make recommendations to the Administrator on surface 
        transportation security matters, including the development, refinement, 
        and implementation of policies, programs, initiatives, rulemakings, and 
        security directives pertaining to surface transportation security.
            ``(2) Risk-based security.--The Advisory Committee shall consider 
        risk-based security approaches in the performance of its duties.
    ``(c) Membership.--
            ``(1) Composition.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of--
                    ``(A) voting members appointed by the Administrator under 
                paragraph (2); and
                    ``(B) nonvoting members, serving in an advisory capacity, 
                who shall be designated by--
                            ``(i) the Transportation Security Administration;
                            ``(ii) the Department of Transportation;
                            ``(iii) the Coast Guard; and
                            ``(iv) such other Federal department or agency as 
                        the Administrator considers appropriate.
            ``(2) Appointment.--The Administrator shall appoint voting members 
        from among stakeholders representing each mode of surface 
        transportation, such as passenger rail, freight rail, mass transit, 
        pipelines, highways, over-the-road bus, school bus industry, and 
        trucking, including representatives from--
                    ``(A) associations representing such modes of surface 
                transportation;
                    ``(B) labor organizations representing such modes of surface 
                transportation;
                    ``(C) groups representing the users of such modes of surface 
                transportation, including asset manufacturers, as appropriate;
                    ``(D) relevant law enforcement, first responders, and 
                security experts; and
                    ``(E) such other groups as the Administrator considers 
                appropriate.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The Advisory Committee shall select a 
        chairperson from among its voting members.
            ``(4) Term of office.--
                    ``(A) Terms.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The term of each voting member of 
                        the Advisory Committee shall be 2 years, but a voting 
                        member may continue to serve until the Administrator 
                        appoints a successor.
                            ``(ii) Reappointment.--A voting member of the 
                        Advisory Committee may be reappointed.
                    ``(B) Removal.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Administrator may review the 
                        participation of a member of the Advisory Committee and 
                        remove such member for cause at any time.
                            ``(ii) Access to information.--The Administrator may 
                        remove any member of the Advisory Committee that the 
                        Administrator determines should be restricted from 
                        reviewing, discussing, or possessing classified 
                        information or sensitive security information.
            ``(5) Prohibition on compensation.--The members of the Advisory 
        Committee shall not receive any compensation from the Government by 
        reason of their service on the Advisory Committee.
            ``(6) Meetings.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall require the 
                Advisory Committee to meet at least semiannually in person or 
                through web conferencing and may convene additional meetings as 
                necessary.
                    ``(B) Public meetings.--At least 1 of the meetings of the 
                Advisory Committee each year shall be--
                            ``(i) announced in the Federal Register;
                            ``(ii) announced on a public website; and
                            ``(iii) open to the public.
                    ``(C) Attendance.--The Advisory Committee shall maintain a 
                record of the persons present at each meeting.
                    ``(D) Minutes.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Unless otherwise prohibited by 
                        other Federal law, minutes of the meetings shall be 
                        published on the public website under subsection (e)(5).
                            ``(ii) Protection of classified and sensitive 
                        information.--The Advisory Committee may redact or 
                        summarize, as necessary, minutes of the meetings to 
                        protect classified or other sensitive information in 
                        accordance with law.
            ``(7) Voting member access to classified and sensitive security 
        information.--
                    ``(A) Determinations.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
                on which a voting member is appointed to the Advisory Committee 
                and before that voting member may be granted any access to 
                classified information or sensitive security information, the 
                Administrator shall determine if the voting member should be 
                restricted from reviewing, discussing, or possessing classified 
                information or sensitive security information.
                    ``(B) Access.--
                            ``(i) Sensitive security information.--If a voting 
                        member is not restricted from reviewing, discussing, or 
                        possessing sensitive security information under 
                        subparagraph (A) and voluntarily signs a nondisclosure 
                        agreement, the voting member may be granted access to 
                        sensitive security information that is relevant to the 
                        voting member's service on the Advisory Committee.
                            ``(ii) Classified information.--Access to classified 
                        materials shall be managed in accordance with Executive 
                        Order 13526 of December 29, 2009 (75 Fed. Reg. 707), or 
                        any subsequent corresponding Executive order.
                    ``(C) Protections.--
                            ``(i) Sensitive security information.--Voting 
                        members shall protect sensitive security information in 
                        accordance with part 1520 of title 49, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations.
                            ``(ii) Classified information.--Voting members shall 
                        protect classified information in accordance with the 
                        applicable requirements for the particular level of 
                        classification.
            ``(8) Joint committee meetings.--The Advisory Committee may meet 
        with 1 or more of the following advisory committees to discuss 
        multimodal security issues and other security-related issues of common 
        concern:
                    ``(A) Aviation Security Advisory Committee established under 
                section 44946 of title 49, United States Code.
                    ``(B) Maritime Security Advisory Committee established under 
                section 70112 of title 46, United States Code.
                    ``(C) Railroad Safety Advisory Committee established by the 
                Federal Railroad Administration.
            ``(9) Subject matter experts.--The Advisory Committee may request 
        the assistance of subject matter experts with expertise related to the 
        jurisdiction of the Advisory Committee.
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) Periodic reports.--The Advisory Committee shall periodically 
        submit reports to the Administrator on matters requested by the 
        Administrator or by a majority of the members of the Advisory Committee.
            ``(2) Annual report.--
                    ``(A) Submission.--The Advisory Committee shall submit to 
                the Administrator and the appropriate congressional committees 
                an annual report that provides information on the activities, 
                findings, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee during 
                the preceding year.
                    ``(B) Publication.--Not later than 6 months after the date 
                that the Administrator receives an annual report under 
                subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish a public 
                version of the report, in accordance with section 552a(b) of 
                title 5, United States Code.
    ``(e) Administration Response.--
            ``(1) Consideration.--The Administrator shall consider the 
        information, advice, and recommendations of the Advisory Committee in 
        formulating policies, programs, initiatives, rulemakings, and security 
        directives pertaining to surface transportation security.
            ``(2) Feedback.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the 
        Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee 
        under subsection (d)(2), the Administrator shall submit to the Advisory 
        Committee written feedback on the recommendation, including--
                    ``(A) if the Administrator agrees with the recommendation, a 
                plan describing the actions that the Administrator has taken, 
                will take, or recommends that the head of another Federal 
                department or agency take to implement the recommendation; or
                    ``(B) if the Administrator disagrees with the 
                recommendation, a justification for that determination.
            ``(3) Notices.--Not later than 30 days after the date the 
        Administrator submits feedback under paragraph (2), the Administrator 
        shall--
                    ``(A) notify the appropriate congressional committees of the 
                feedback, including the determination under subparagraph (A) or 
                subparagraph (B) of that paragraph, as applicable; and
                    ``(B) provide the appropriate congressional committees with 
                a briefing upon request.
            ``(4) Updates.--Not later than 90 days after the date the 
        Administrator receives a recommendation from the Advisory Committee 
        under subsection (d)(2) that the Administrator agrees with, and 
        quarterly thereafter until the recommendation is fully implemented, the 
        Administrator shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional 
        committees or post on the public website under paragraph (5) an update 
        on the status of the recommendation.
            ``(5) Website.--The Administrator shall maintain a public website 
        that--
                    ``(A) lists the members of the Advisory Committee; and
                    ``(B) provides the contact information for the Advisory 
                Committee.
    ``(f) Nonapplicability of FACA.--The Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee or any subcommittee 
established under this section.''.
    (b) Advisory Committee Members.--
            (1) Voting members.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall appoint the voting 
        members of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee 
        established under section 404 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as 
        added by subsection (a) of this section.
            (2) Nonvoting members.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, each Federal Government department and agency 
        with regulatory authority over a mode of surface or maritime 
        transportation, as the Administrator considers appropriate, shall 
        designate an appropriate representative to serve as a nonvoting member 
        of the Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.
    (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents in section 1(b) of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296; 116 Stat. 2135) is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to section 403 the following:

``Sec. 404. Surface Transportation Security Advisory Committee.''.

SEC. 1970. REVIEW OF THE EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date that the Inspector 
General of the Department receives the report under section 1964(c), the 
Inspector General of the Department shall--
            (1) review the explosives detection canine team program, including--
                    (A) the development by the Transportation Security 
                Administration of a deployment strategy for explosives detection 
                canine teams;
                    (B) the national explosives detection canine team training 
                program, including canine training, handler training, refresher 
                training, and updates to such training;
                    (C) the use of the canine assets during an urgent security 
                need, including the reallocation of such program resources 
                outside the transportation systems sector during an urgent 
                security need; and
                    (D) the monitoring and tracking of canine assets; and
            (2) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the 
        review, including any recommendations.
    (b) Considerations.--In conducting the review of the deployment strategy 
under subsection (a)(1)(A), the Inspector General shall consider whether the 
Transportation Security Administration's method to analyze the risk to 
transportation facilities and transportation systems is appropriate.

SEC. 1971. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL EXPLOSIVES DETECTION CANINE TEAM PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, where appropriate, shall encourage State, 
local, and tribal governments and private owners of high-risk transportation 
facilities to strengthen security through the use of explosives detection canine 
teams.
    (b) Increased Capacity.--
            (1) In general.--Before the date the Inspector General of the 
        Department submits the report under section 1970, the Administrator may 
        increase the number of State and local surface and maritime 
        transportation canines by not more than 70 explosives detection canine 
        teams.
            (2) Additional teams.--Beginning on the date the Inspector General 
        of the Department submits the report under section 1970, the Secretary 
        may increase the State and local surface and maritime transportation 
        canines up to 200 explosives detection canine teams unless more are 
        identified in the risk-based surface transportation security strategy 
        under section 1964, consistent with section 1965 or with the President's 
        most recent budget submitted under section 1105 of title 31, United 
        States Code.
            (3) Recommendations.--Before initiating any increase in the number 
        of explosives detection teams under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall 
        consider any recommendations in the report under section 1970 on the 
        efficacy and management of the explosives detection canine program.
    (c) Deployment.--The Secretary shall--
            (1) use the additional explosives detection canine teams, as 
        described in subsection (b)(1), as part of the Department's efforts to 
        strengthen security across the Nation's surface and maritime 
        transportation networks;
            (2) make available explosives detection canine teams to all modes of 
        transportation, subject to the requirements under section 1968, to 
        address specific vulnerabilities or risks, on an as-needed basis and as 
        otherwise determined appropriate by the Secretary; and
            (3) consider specific needs and training requirements for explosives 
        detection canine teams to be deployed across the Nation's surface and 
        maritime transportation networks, including in venues of multiple modes 
        of transportation, as the Secretary considers appropriate.
    (d) Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary 
to the extent of appropriations to carry out this section for each of fiscal 
years 2019 through 2021.

SEC. 1972. STUDY ON SECURITY STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PASSENGER 
              TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS.

    (a) Security Standards and Best Practices for United States and Foreign 
Passenger Transportation Systems.--The Comptroller General of the United States 
shall conduct a study of how the Transportation Security Administration--
            (1) identifies and compares--
                    (A) United States and foreign passenger transportation 
                security standards; and
                    (B) best practices for protecting passenger transportation 
                systems, including shared terminal facilities, and cyber 
                systems; and
            (2) disseminates the findings under paragraph (1) to stakeholders.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report that contains--
            (1) the findings of the study conducted under subsection (a); and
            (2) any recommendations for improving the relevant processes or 
        procedures.

SEC. 1973. AMTRAK SECURITY UPGRADES.

    (a) Railroad Security Assistance.--Section 1513(b) of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1163(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``, including communications interoperability where 
        appropriate with relevant outside agencies and entities.'';
            (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``security of'' and inserting 
        ``security and preparedness of'';
            (3) in paragraph (7), by striking ``security threats'' and inserting 
        ``security threats and preparedness, including connectivity to the 
        National Terrorist Screening Center''; and
            (4) in paragraph (9), by striking ``and security officers'' and 
        inserting ``, security, and preparedness officers''.
    (b) Specific Projects.--Section 1514(a)(3) of the Implementing 
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1164(a)(3)) is 
amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (D) by inserting ``, or to connect to the 
        National Terrorism Screening Center watchlist'' after ``Secretary'';
            (2) in subparagraph (G), by striking ``; and'' at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon;
            (3) in subparagraph (H) by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(I) for improvements to passenger verification systems;
                    ``(J) for improvements to employee and contractor 
                verification systems, including identity verification 
                technology; or
                    ``(K) for improvements to the security of Amtrak computer 
                systems, including cybersecurity assessments and programs.''.

SEC. 1974. PASSENGER RAIL VETTING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which the Amtrak 
Board of Directors submits a request to the Administrator, the Administrator 
shall issue a decision on the use by Amtrak of the Transportation Security 
Administration's Secure Flight Program or a similar passenger vetting system to 
enhance passenger rail security.
    (b) Considerations.--In making a decision under subsection (a), the 
Administrator shall--
            (1) consider the technological, privacy, operational, and security 
        impacts of such a decision; and
            (2) describe such impacts in any strategic plan developed under 
        subsection (c).
    (c) Strategic Plan.--If the Administrator decides to grant the request by 
Amtrak under subsection (a), the decision shall include a strategic plan for 
working with rail stakeholders to enhance passenger rail security by--
            (1) vetting passengers using terrorist watch lists maintained by the 
        Federal Government or a similar passenger vetting system maintained by 
        the Transportation Security Administration; and
            (2) where applicable and in consultation with the Commissioner of 
        U.S. Customs and Border Protection, assessing whether the vetting 
        process should be integrated into preclearance operations established 
        under section 813 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 
        2015 (19 U.S.C. 4432).
    (d) Notices.--The Administrator shall notify the appropriate committees of 
Congress of any decision made under subsection (a) and the details of the 
strategic plan under subsection (c).
    (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
limit the Administrator's authority to set the access to, or terms and 
conditions of using, the Secure Flight Program or a similar passenger vetting 
system.

SEC. 1975. STUDY ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION INSPECTORS.

    (a) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees 
and the Comptroller General of the United States a strategy to guide operations 
of surface transportation security inspectors that addresses the following:
            (1) Any limitations in data systems for such inspectors, as 
        identified by the Comptroller General.
            (2) Alignment of operations with risk assessment findings, including 
        an approach to identifying and prioritizing entities and locations for 
        inspections.
            (3) Measurable objectives for the surface transportation security 
        inspectors program.
    (b) GAO Review.--Not later than 180 days after the date the strategy under 
subsection (a) is submitted, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
review such strategy and, as appropriate, issue recommendations.

SEC. 1976. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM.

    (a) Establishment.--The Administrator shall establish a program to promote 
surface transportation security through the training of surface transportation 
operators and frontline employees on each of the skills identified in subsection 
(c).
    (b) Application.--The program established under subsection (a) shall apply 
to all modes of surface transportation, including public transportation, rail, 
highway, motor carrier, and pipeline.
    (c) Training.--The program established under subsection (a) shall cover, at 
a minimum, the skills necessary to recognize, assess, and respond to suspicious 
items or actions that could indicate a threat to transportation.
    (d) Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct an assessment of 
        current training programs for surface transportation operators and 
        frontline employees.
            (2) Contents.--The assessment shall identify--
                    (A) whether other training is being provided, either 
                voluntarily or in response to other Federal requirements; and
                    (B) whether there are any gaps in existing training.
    (e) Updates.--The Administrator shall ensure the program established under 
subsection (a) is updated as necessary to address changes in risk and terrorist 
methods and to close any gaps identified in the assessment under subsection (d).
    (f) Suspicious Activity Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall maintain a national telephone 
        number for an individual to use to report suspicious activity under this 
        section to the Administration.
            (2) Procedures.--The Administrator shall establish procedures for 
        the Administration--
                    (A) to review and follow-up, as necessary, on each report 
                received under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) to share, as necessary and in accordance with law, the 
                report with appropriate Federal, State, local, and tribal 
                entities.
            (3) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be construed 
        to--
                    (A) replace or affect in any way the use of 9-1-1 services 
                in an emergency; or
                    (B) replace or affect in any way the security training 
                program requirements specified in sections 1408, 1517, and 1534 
                of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act 
                of 2007 (6 U.S.C. 1137, 1167, 1184).
    (g) Definition of Frontline Employee.--In this section, the term ``frontline 
employee'' includes--
            (1) an employee of a public transportation agency who is a transit 
        vehicle driver or operator, dispatcher, maintenance and maintenance 
        support employee, station attendant, customer service employee, security 
        employee, or transit police, or any other employee who has direct 
        contact with riders on a regular basis, and any other employee of a 
        public transportation agency that the Administrator determines should 
        receive security training under this section or that is receiving 
        security training under other law;
            (2) over-the-road bus drivers, security personnel, dispatchers, 
        maintenance and maintenance support personnel, ticket agents, other 
        terminal employees, and other employees of an over-the-road bus operator 
        or terminal owner or operator that the Administrator determines should 
        receive security training under this section or that is receiving 
        security training under other law; or
            (3) security personnel, dispatchers, locomotive engineers, 
        conductors, trainmen, other onboard employees, maintenance and 
        maintenance support personnel, bridge tenders, and any other employees 
        of railroad carriers that the Administrator determines should receive 
        security training under this section or that is receiving security 
        training under other law.

SEC. 1977. VOLUNTARY USE OF CREDENTIALING.

    (a) In General.--An applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or 
a background investigation may satisfy that requirement by obtaining a valid 
transportation security card.
    (b) Issuance of Cards.--The Secretary of Homeland Security--
            (1) shall expand the transportation security card program, 
        consistent with section 70105 of title 46, United States Code, to allow 
        an applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a background 
        investigation to apply for a transportation security card; and
            (2) may charge reasonable fees, in accordance with section 520(a) of 
        the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2004 (6 U.S.C. 
        469(a)), for providing the necessary credentialing and background 
        investigation.
    (c) Vetting.--The Administrator shall develop and implement a plan to 
utilize, in addition to any background check required for initial issue, the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation's Rap Back Service and other vetting tools as 
appropriate, including the No-Fly and Selectee lists, to get immediate 
notification of any criminal activity relating to any person with a valid 
transportation security card.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Applicable individual who is subject to credentialing or a 
        background investigation.--The term ``applicable individual who is 
        subject to credentialing or a background investigation'' means only an 
        individual who--
                    (A) because of employment is regulated by the Transportation 
                Security Administration, Department of Transportation, or Coast 
                Guard and is required to have a background records check to 
                obtain a hazardous materials endorsement on a commercial 
                driver's license issued by a State under section 5103a of title 
                49, United States Code; or
                    (B) is required to have a credential and background records 
                check under section 2102(d)(2) of the Homeland Security Act of 
                2002 (6 U.S.C. 622(d)(2)) at a facility with activities that are 
                regulated by the Transportation Security Administration, 
                Department of Transportation, or Coast Guard.
            (2) Valid transportation security card.--The term ``valid 
        transportation security card'' means a transportation security card that 
        is--
                    (A) issued under section 70105 of title 46, United States 
                Code;
                    (B) not expired;
                    (C) shows no signs of tampering; and
                    (D) bears a photograph of the individual representing such 
                card.

SEC. 1978. BACKGROUND RECORDS CHECKS FOR ISSUANCE OF HAZMAT LICENSES.

    (a) Issuance of Licenses.--Section 5103a(a)(1) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``unless'' and inserting ``unless--'';
            (2) by striking ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
        the following:
                    ``(A) ``the Secretary of Homeland Security'';'';
            (3) in subparagraph (A), as designated by paragraph (2) of this 
        subsection, by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; or''; 
        and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(B) the individual holds a valid transportation security 
                card issued under section 70105 of title 46.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Card.--Section 5103a(d)(1) is amended, in the 
matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``described in subsection 
(a)(1)'' and inserting ``under subsection (a)(1)(A)''.

SEC. 1979. CARGO CONTAINER SCANNING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    (a) Designations.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, and not less frequently than once every 5 years thereafter 
        until the date of full-scale implementation of 100 percent screening of 
        cargo containers and 100 percent scanning of high-risk containers 
        required under section 232 of the SAFE Port Act (6 U.S.C. 982), the 
        Secretary shall solicit proposals for scanning technologies, consistent 
        with the standards under subsection (b)(8) of that section, to improve 
        scanning of cargo at domestic ports.
            (2) Evaluation.--In soliciting proposals under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall establish measures to assess the performance of the 
        proposed scanning technologies, including--
                    (A) the rate of false positives;
                    (B) the delays in processing times; and
                    (C) the impact on the supply chain.
    (b) Pilot Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary may establish a pilot program to 
        determine the efficacy of a scanning technology referred to in 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Application process.--In carrying out the pilot program under 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) solicit applications from domestic ports;
                    (B) select up to 4 domestic ports to participate in the 
                pilot program; and
                    (C) select ports with unique features and differing levels 
                of trade volume.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after initiating a pilot program 
        under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress a report on the pilot program, including--
                    (A) an evaluation of the scanning technologies proposed to 
                improve security at domestic ports and to meet the full-scale 
                implementation requirement;
                    (B) the costs to implement a pilot program;
                    (C) the benefits of the proposed scanning technologies;
                    (D) the impact of the pilot program on the supply chain; and
                    (E) recommendations for implementation of advanced cargo 
                scanning technologies at domestic ports.
            (4) Sharing pilot program testing results.--The results of the pilot 
        testing of advanced cargo scanning technologies shall be shared, as 
        appropriate, with government agencies and private stakeholders whose 
        responsibilities encompass the secure transport of cargo.

SEC. 1980. PIPELINE SECURITY STUDY.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a 
study regarding the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Homeland 
Security and the Department of Transportation with respect to pipeline security.
    (b) Contents.--The study under subsection (a) shall examine--
            (1) whether the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding executed on 
        August 9, 2006, between the Department of Homeland Security and the 
        Department of Transportation adequately delineates strategic and 
        operational responsibilities for pipeline security, including whether it 
        is clear which department is responsible for--
                    (A) protecting against intentional pipeline breaches and 
                cyber attacks;
                    (B) responding to intentional pipeline breaches and cyber 
                attacks; and
                    (C) planning to recover from the impact of intentional 
                pipeline breaches and cyber attacks;
            (2) whether the respective roles and responsibilities of each 
        department are adequately conveyed to relevant stakeholders and to the 
        public;
            (3) whether the processes and procedures for determining whether a 
        particular pipeline breach is a terrorist incident are clear and 
        effective;
            (4) whether, and if so how, pipeline sector stakeholders share 
        security-related information;
            (5) the guidance pipeline operators report use to address security 
        risks and the extent to which the TSA ensures its guidelines reflect the 
        current threat environment;
            (6) the extent to which the TSA has assessed security risks to 
        pipeline systems; and
            (7) the extent to which the TSA has assessed its effectiveness in 
        reducing pipeline security risks.
    (c) Report on Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
the TSA Modernization Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
submit to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
Representatives a report containing the findings of the study under subsection 
(a).
    (d) Report to Congress.--Not later than 90 days after the date the report 
under subsection (c) is submitted, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
review and analyze the study and submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security and the 
Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a 
report on such review and analysis, including any recommendations for--
            (1) changes to the Annex to the Memorandum of Understanding referred 
        to in subsection (b)(1); and
            (2) other improvements to pipeline security activities at the 
        Department.

SEC. 1981. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT.

    (a) Emerging Issues.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in coordination 
with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department of 
Homeland Security, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a 
feasibility assessment of modifying the security of surface transportation 
assets by--
            (1) introducing next generation technologies to be integrated into 
        systems of surface transportation assets to detect explosives, including 
        through the deployment of mobile explosives detection technologies to 
        conduct risk-based passenger and property screening at such systems;
            (2) providing surface transportation asset operators with access to 
        the Transportation Security Administration's Secure Flight Program or a 
        similar passenger vetting system maintained by the Transportation 
        Security Administration;
            (3) deploying a credential authentication technology or other means 
        of identification document inspection to high-risk surface 
        transportation assets to assist operators conducting passenger vetting; 
        and
            (4) deploying scalable, cost-effective technology solutions to 
        detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive threats 
        within high-risk surface transportation assets that are capable of 
        passive, continuous, and real-time sensing and detection of, and 
        alerting passengers and operating personnel to, the presence of such a 
        threat.
    (b) Considerations.--In carrying out the assessment under subsection (a), 
the Secretary, acting through the Administrator and in coordination with the 
Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department of Homeland 
Security, shall address the technological, privacy, operational, passenger 
facilitation, and public acceptance considerations involved with each security 
measure contemplated in such assessment.

SEC. 1982. BEST PRACTICES TO SECURE AGAINST VEHICLE-BASED ATTACKS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall disseminate best practices to public and private 
stakeholders regarding how to enhance transportation security against the threat 
of a vehicle-based terrorist attack.

SEC. 1983. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION STAKEHOLDER SURVEY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary shall begin conducting a survey of public and private 
stakeholders responsible for securing surface transportation assets regarding 
resource challenges, including the availability of Federal funding, associated 
with securing such assets that provides an opportunity for respondents to set 
forth information on specific unmet needs.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 120 days after beginning the survey required 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall report to the appropriate committees 
of Congress regarding the results of such survey and the Department of Homeland 
Security's efforts to address any identified security vulnerabilities.

SEC. 1984. NUCLEAR MATERIAL AND EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY.

    The Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology and the head of each relevant Federal department or 
agency researching nuclear material detection systems or explosive detection 
systems, shall research, facilitate, and, to the extent practicable, deploy next 
generation technologies, including active neutron interrogation, to detect 
nuclear material and explosives in transportation systems and transportation 
facilities.

                       Subtitle H--Transportation Security

SEC. 1985. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORTATION SECURITY REVIEW.

    (a) GAO Review.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall evaluate 
        the degree to which the most recent National Strategy for Transportation 
        Security, as updated, under section 114(s) of title 49, United States 
        Code, is reflected in relevant Federal transportation security programs, 
        budgets, research, staffing levels, and related activities.
            (2) Considerations.--In conducting the evaluation under paragraph 
        (1), the Comptroller General shall consider the degree to which--
                    (A) the strategy is sufficiently forward-looking to guide 
                future Federal efforts relating to transportation security;
                    (B) Federal transportation security programs, budgets, 
                research, staffing levels, and related activities for fiscal 
                year 2019 and subsequent fiscal years would be guided by the 
                strategy; and
                    (C) any annual progress reports submitted to Congress under 
                that section after the strategy is submitted would provide 
                information on the degree to which that strategy guides Federal 
                efforts relating to transportation security.

SEC. 1986. RISK SCENARIOS.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator shall annually develop, consistent with 
the transportation modal security plans required under section 114(s) of title 
49, United States Code, risk-based priorities based on risk assessments 
conducted or received by the Secretary across all transportation modes that 
consider threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences.
    (b) Scenarios.--The Administrator shall ensure that the risk-based 
priorities identified under subsection (a) are informed by an analysis of 
terrorist attack scenarios for each transportation mode, including cyber-attack 
scenarios and intelligence and open source information about current and 
evolving threats.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 120 days after the date that annual risk-based 
priorities are developed under subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to 
the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes the following:
            (1) Copies of the risk assessments for each transportation mode.
            (2) A summary that ranks the risks within and across modes.
            (3) A description of the risk-based priorities for securing the 
        transportation sector that identifies and prioritizes the greatest 
        security needs of such transportation sector, both across and within 
        modes, in the order that such priorities should be addressed.
            (4) Information on the underlying methodologies used to assess risks 
        across and within each transportation mode and the basis for any 
        assumptions regarding threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences made in 
        assessing and prioritizing risks within each such mode and across modes.
    (d) Classification.--The information provided under subsection (c) may be 
submitted in a classified format or unclassified format, as the Administrator 
considers appropriate.

SEC. 1987. INTEGRATED AND UNIFIED OPERATIONS CENTERS. --

     (a) Framework.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other appropriate 
offices or components of the Department, shall make available to public and 
private stakeholders a framework for establishing an integrated and unified 
operations center responsible for overseeing daily operations of a 
transportation facility that promotes coordination for responses to terrorism, 
serious incidents, and other purposes, as determined appropriate by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress regarding 
the establishment and activities of integrated and unified operations centers at 
transportation facilities at which the TSA has a presence.

SEC. 1988. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT FORCE.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 449, as amended by section 1943 of 
this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 44948. NATIONAL DEPLOYMENT OFFICE.

    ``(a) Establishment.--There is established within the Transportation 
Security Administration a National Deployment Office, to be headed by an 
individual with supervisory experience. Such individual shall be designated by 
the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.
    ``(b) Duties.--The individual designated as the head of the National 
Deployment Office shall be responsible for the following:
            ``(1) Maintaining a National Deployment Force within the 
        Transportation Security Administration, including transportation 
        security officers, supervisory transportation security officers and lead 
        transportation security officers, to provide the Administration with 
        rapid and efficient response capabilities and augment the Department of 
        Homeland Security's homeland security operations to mitigate and reduce 
        risk, including for the following:
                    ``(A) Airports temporarily requiring additional security 
                personnel due to an emergency, seasonal demands, hiring 
                shortfalls, severe weather conditions, passenger volume 
                mitigation, equipment support, or other reasons.
                    ``(B) Special events requiring enhanced security including 
                National Special Security Events, as determined by the Secretary 
                of Homeland Security.
                    ``(C) Response in the aftermath of any manmade disaster, 
                including any terrorist attack.
                    ``(D) Other such situations, as determined by the 
                Administrator.
            ``(2) Educating transportation security officers regarding how to 
        participate in the Administration's National Deployment Force.
            ``(3) Recruiting officers to serve on the National Deployment Force, 
        in accordance with a staffing model to be developed by the 
        Administrator.
            ``(4) Approving 1-year appointments for officers to serve on the 
        National Deployment Force, with an option to extend upon officer request 
        and with the approval of the appropriate Federal Security Director.
            ``(5) Training officers to serve on the National Deployment 
        Force.''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of subchapter II of chapter 
449, as amended by section 1943 of this Act, is further amended by adding after 
the item relating to section 44947 the following:

``44948. National Deployment Office.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 114(f), as amended by section 1904 of 
this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'' after the semicolon at 
        the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (15) as paragraph (16); and
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following:
            ``(15) establish and maintain a National Deployment Office as 
        required under section 44948 of this title; and''.
    (d) Career Development.--The Administrator may consider service in the 
National Deployment Force as a positive factor when evaluating applicants for 
promotion opportunities within the TSA.
    (e) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act 
and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Administrator shall submit to the 
appropriate committees of Congress a report regarding activities of the National 
Deployment Office, including the National Deployment Force, established under 
section 44948 of title 49, United States Code. Each such report shall include 
information relating to the following:
            (1) When, where, why, how many, and for how long the National 
        Deployment Force was deployed throughout the 12-month period covered by 
        such report and the costs associated with such deployment.
            (2) A description of collaboration between the National Deployment 
        Office and other components of the Department, other Federal agencies, 
        and State and local transportation security stakeholders.
            (3) The size of the National Deployment Force, including information 
        on the staffing model of the National Deployment Force and adherence to 
        such model as established by the Administrator.
            (4) Information on recruitment, appointment, and training 
        activities, including processes utilized to attract, recruit, appoint, 
        and train officers to serve on the National Deployment Force.

SEC. 1989. INFORMATION SHARING AND CYBERSECURITY.

    (a) Federal Security Directors.--Section 44933 is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(c) Information Sharing.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of the TSA Modernization Act, the Administrator shall--
            ``(1) require each Federal Security Director of an airport to meet 
        at least quarterly with the airport director, airport security 
        coordinator, and law enforcement agencies serving each such airport to 
        discuss incident management protocols, including the resolution of 
        screening anomalies at passenger screening checkpoints; and
            ``(2) require each Federal Security Director at an airport to 
        inform, consult, and coordinate, as appropriate, with the respective 
        airport security coordinator in a timely manner on security matters 
        impacting airport operations and to establish and maintain operational 
        protocols with such airport operators to ensure coordinated responses to 
        security matters.''.
    (b) Plan to Improve Information Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a plan to improve 
        intelligence information sharing with State and local transportation 
        entities that includes best practices to ensure that the information 
        shared is actionable, useful, and not redundant.
            (2) Contents.--The plan required under paragraph (1) shall include 
        the following:
                    (A) The incorporation of best practices for information 
                sharing.
                    (B) The identification of areas of overlap and redundancy.
                    (C) An evaluation and incorporation of stakeholder input in 
                the development of such plan.
                    (D) The integration of any recommendations of the 
                Comptroller General of the United States on information sharing.
            (3) Solicitation.--The Administrator shall solicit on an annual 
        basis input from appropriate stakeholders, including State and local 
        transportation entities, on the quality and quantity of intelligence 
        received by such stakeholders relating to information sharing.
    (c) Best Practices Sharing.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator shall establish a mechanism to share with 
        State and local transportation entities best practices from across the 
        law enforcement spectrum, including Federal, State, local, and tribal 
        entities, that relate to employee training, employee professional 
        development, technology development and deployment, hardening tactics, 
        and passenger and employee awareness programs.
            (2) Consultation.--The Administrator shall solicit and incorporate 
        stakeholder input--
                    (A) in developing the mechanism for sharing best practices 
                as required under paragraph (1); and
                    (B) not less frequently than annually on the quality and 
                quantity of information such stakeholders receive through the 
                mechanism established under such paragraph.
    (d) Cybersecurity.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with the 
        Secretary, shall--
                    (A) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of 
                this Act, implement the Framework for Improving Critical 
                Infrastructure Cybersecurity (referred to in this section as the 
                ``Framework'' developed by the National Institute of Standards 
                and Technology, and any update to such Framework under section 2 
                of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
                U.S.C. 272), to manage the agency's cybersecurity risks; and
                    (B) evaluate, on a periodic basis, but not less often than 
                biennially, the use of the Framework under subparagraph (A).
            (2) Cybersecurity enhancements to aviation security activities.--The 
        Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall, 
        upon request, conduct cybersecurity vulnerability assessments for 
        airports and air carriers.
            (3) TSA trusted traveler and credentialing program cyber 
        evaluation.--
                    (A) Evaluation required.--Not later than 120 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--
                            (i) evaluate the cybersecurity of TSA trusted 
                        traveler and credentialing programs that contain 
                        personal information of specific individuals or 
                        information that identifies specific individuals, 
                        including the Transportation Worker Identification 
                        Credential and PreCheck programs;
                            (ii) identify any cybersecurity risks under the 
                        programs described in clause (i); and
                            (iii) develop remediation plans to address the 
                        cybersecurity risks identified under clause (ii).
                    (B) Submission to congress.--Not later than 30 days after 
                the date the evaluation under subparagraph (A) is complete, the 
                Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress 
                information relating to such evaluation, including any 
                cybersecurity vulnerabilities identified and remediation plans 
                to address such vulnerabilities. Such submission shall be 
                provided in a classified form.
            (4) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms ``cybersecurity 
        risk'' and ``incident'' have the meanings given the terms in section 227 
        of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 148).

SEC. 1990. SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES TIED TO FOREIGN THREAT COUNTRIES.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an assessment 
of terrorist and other threats to the transportation sector, including surface 
transportation assets, posed by the use of security technologies, including 
software and networked technologies, developed or manufactured by firms that are 
owned or closely linked to the governments of countries that are known to pose a 
cyber or homeland security threat.

               Subtitle I--Conforming and Miscellaneous Amendments

SEC. 1991. TITLE 49 AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Deletion of Duties Related to Aviation Security.--Section 106(g) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Duties and Powers of Administrator.--The Administrator shall carry out 
the following:
            ``(1) Duties and powers of the Secretary of Transportation under 
        subsection (f) of this section related to aviation safety (except those 
        related to transportation, packaging, marking, or description of 
        hazardous material) and stated in the following:
                    ``(A) Section 308(b).
                    ``(B) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 1132.
                    ``(C) Sections 40101(c), 40103(b), 40106(a), 40108, 
                40109(b), 40113(a), 40113(c), 40113(d), 40113(e), and 40114(a).
                    ``(D) Chapter 445, except sections 44501(b), 44502(a)(2), 
                44502(a)(3), 44502(a)(4), 44503, 44506, 44509, 44510, 44514, and 
                44515.
                    ``(E) Chapter 447, except sections 44717, 44718(a), 
                44718(b), 44719, 44720, 44721(b), 44722, and 44723.
                    ``(F) Chapter 451.
                    ``(G) Chapter 453.
                    ``(H) Section 46104.
                    ``(I) Subsections (d) and (h)(2) of section 46301 and 
                sections 46303(c), 46304 through 46308, 46310, 46311, and 46313 
                through 46316.
                    ``(J) Chapter 465.
                    ``(K) Sections 47504(b) (related to flight procedures), 
                47508(a), and 48107.
            ``(2) Additional duties and powers prescribed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation.''.
    (b) Transportation Security Oversight Board.--Section 115 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(6), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Administrator''.
    (c) Chapter 401 Amendments.--Chapter 401 is amended--
            (1) in section 40109--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``, 40119, 44901, 44903, 
                44906, and 44935-44937''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``sections 44909 and'' 
                and inserting ``sections 44909(a), 44909(b), and'';
            (2) in section 40113--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Under Secretary of 
                        Transportation for Security with respect to security 
                        duties and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                        Under Secretary or'' and inserting ``the Administrator 
                        of the Transportation Security Administration with 
                        respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
                        carried out by that Administrator or'';
                            (ii) by striking ``carried out by the 
                        Administrator'' and inserting ``carried out by that 
                        Administrator''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``, Under Secretary, or 
                        Administrator,'' and inserting ``, Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration, or Administrator 
                        of the Federal Aviation Administration,''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security or the'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Transportation Security 
                        Administration or Federal Aviation Administration, as 
                        the case may be,'' and inserting ``Federal Aviation 
                        Administration''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary or 
                        Administrator, as the case may be,'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator'';
            (3) by striking section 40119; and
            (4) in the table of contents, by striking the item relating to 
        section 40119 and inserting the following:

``40119. [Reserved].''.
    (d) Chapter 449 Amendments.--Chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in section 44901--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``, United States Code'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``but not later than the 
                60th day following the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                Transportation Security Act'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                                (A), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                                Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``no 
                                later than December 31, 2002'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
                        (2); and
                            (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary (Transportation Security 
                                Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator 
                                of the Transportation Security Administration'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (D)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the first place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                        Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the second place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in that matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``but not later than the 
                                60th day following the date of enactment of the 
                                Aviation and Transportation Security Act''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (E) in subsection (f), by striking ``after the date of 
                enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act'';
                    (F) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 3 
                        years after the date of enactment of the Implementing 
                        Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, 
                        the'' and inserting ``The'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``as follows:'' 
                        and all that follows and inserting a period;
                            (iii) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
            ``(3) Regulations.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue a 
        final rule as a permanent regulation to implement this subsection in 
        accordance with the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5.'';
                            (iv) by striking paragraph (4); and
                            (v) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (4);
                    (G) in subsection (h)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the 
                                first place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each 
                                place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator'';
                    (H) in subsection (i)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (I) in subsection (j)(1)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                        striking ``Before January 1, 2008, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``the date of 
                        enactment of this subsection'' and inserting ``August 3, 
                        2007'';
                    (J) in subsection (k)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 
                        one year after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
                        the'' and inserting ``The'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Not later than 
                        6 months after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
                        the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Not later than 
                        180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, 
                        the'' in paragraph (3) and inserting ``The''; and
                    (K) in subsection (l)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                                (A), by striking ``Beginning June 1, 2012, the 
                                Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                                (Transportation Security Administration)'' and 
                                inserting ``The Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security Administration''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (3)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the first place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                        Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the second place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``60 days after the 
                                        deadline specified in paragraph (2), and 
                                        not later than'';
                                            (bb) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the first place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                        Transportation Security 
                                        Administration''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``Assistant 
                                        Secretary'' the second place it appears 
                                        and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it appears 
                                and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (2) section 44902 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (3) section 44903 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Definition'' and 
                        inserting ``Definitions'';
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (3) as 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (C), respectively;
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (iv) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), as 
                        redesignated, by striking ``In this section, `law 
                        enforcement personnel' means individuals--'' and 
                        inserting ``In this section:'';
                            (v) by inserting before subparagraph (A), the 
                        following:
            ``(2) Law enforcement personnel.--The term `law enforcement 
        personnel' means individuals--''; and
                            (vi) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                    (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``Secretary of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (C) in subsection (g), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator's'';
                    (D) in subsection (h)--
                            (i) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Secretary'' and 
                        inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, as 
                                soon as practicable after the date of enactment 
                                of this subsection,'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                                ``section 44903(c)'' and inserting ``subsection 
                                (c)''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``, 
                                not later than March 31, 2005,'';
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``Assistant 
                        Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                        Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                            (iv) in paragraph (6)(A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                                striking ``Not later than 18 months after the 
                                date of enactment of the Implementing 
                                Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 
                                2007, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                                    (II) in clause (i), by striking ``section'' 
                                and inserting ``paragraph''; and
                            (v) in paragraph (6)(C), by striking ``Secretary'' 
                        and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security'';
                    (E) in subsection (i)(3), by striking ``, after the date of 
                enactment of this paragraph,'';
                    (F) in subsection (j)--
                            (i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall periodically recommend to 
        airport operators commercially available measures or procedures to 
        prevent access to secure airport areas by unauthorized persons.'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking ``Computer-
                                assisted passenger prescreening system'' and 
                                inserting ``Secure flight program'';
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted 
                                        Passenger Prescreening System'' and 
                                        inserting ``Secure Flight program'';
                                            (bb) by striking ``Secretary of 
                                        Transportation'' and inserting 
                                        ``Administrator''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``system'' each 
                                        place it appears and inserting 
                                        ``program'';
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Computer-Assisted 
                                        Passenger Prescreening System'' and 
                                        inserting ``Secure Flight program'';
                                            (bb) by striking ``Secretary of 
                                        Transportation'' and inserting 
                                        ``Administrator''; and
                                            (cc) by striking ``Secretary'' and 
                                        inserting ``Administrator'';
                                    (IV) in subparagraph (C)--
                                            (aa) in clause (i), by striking 
                                        ``Not later than January 1, 2005, the 
                                        Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                                        (Transportation Security 
                                        Administration), or the designee of the 
                                        Assistant Secretary,'' and inserting 
                                        ``The Administrator'';
                                            (bb) in clause (ii), by striking 
                                        ``Not later than 180 days after 
                                        completion of testing under clause (i), 
                                        the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                                            (cc) in clause (iv), by striking 
                                        ``Not later than 180 days after'' and 
                                        inserting ``After'';
                                    (V) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
                                ``Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security 
                                (Transportation Security Administration)'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator'';
                                    (VI) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking 
                                ``Not later than 90 days after the date on which 
                                the Assistant Secretary assumes the performance 
                                of the advanced passenger prescreening function 
                                under subparagraph (C)(ii), the'' and inserting 
                                ``The Administrator''; and
                                    (VII) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' 
                                each place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator'';
                    (G) in subsection (l), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
                Border and Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (H) in subsection (m)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant 
                        Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                        Administration)'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place 
                        it appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (4) section 44904 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) by striking ``section 114(t)(3)'' and inserting 
                        ``section 114(s)(3)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)'' and inserting 
                        ``section 114(s)'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) by striking ``Not later than 90 days after the 
                        date of the submission of the National Strategy for 
                        Transportation Security under section 114(t)(4)(A), the 
                        Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation 
                        Security Administration)'' and inserting ``The 
                        Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``section 114(t)(1)'' and inserting 
                        ``section 114(s)(1)''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (5) section 44905 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Secretary.'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator.'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (C) in subsections (c), (d), and (f), by striking ``Under 
                Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator 
                of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (6) section 44906 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (7) section 44908 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' each place 
                it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``safety or''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                inserting ``The Administrator'';
            (8) section 44909 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Not later than March 
                16, 1991, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 
                        60 days after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                        Transportation Security Act, each'' and inserting 
                        ``Each'';
                            (ii) in paragraphs (2)(F) and (5), by striking 
                        ``Under Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (6)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``Not 
                                later than 60 days after date of enactment of 
                                this paragraph, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (B)(ii)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``the Secretary 
                                        will'' and inserting ``the Secretary of 
                                        Homeland Security will''; and
                                            (bb) by striking ``the Secretary 
                                        to'' and inserting ``the Secretary of 
                                        Homeland Security to'';
            (9) section 44911 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (d), by striking ``request of the 
                Secretary'' and inserting ``request of the Secretary of Homeland 
                Security''; and
                    (C) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) by striking ``Secretary, and the Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland 
                        Security, and the Administrator of the Transportation 
                        Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``intelligence community and the 
                        Under Secretary'' and inserting ``intelligence community 
                        and the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
            (10) section 44912 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                                Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``, not later than November 
                                16, 1993,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4)(C), by striking ``Research, 
                        Engineering and Development Advisory Committee'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``, as a 
                        subcommittee of the Research, Engineering, and 
                        Development Advisory Committee,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than 
                        90 days after the date of the enactment of the Aviation 
                        and Transportation Security Act, and every two years 
                        thereafter,'' and inserting ``Biennially,'';
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Security and Research and Development Activities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall conduct research 
        (including behavioral research) and development activities appropriate 
        to develop, modify, test, and evaluate a system, procedure, facility, or 
        device to protect passengers and property against acts of criminal 
        violence, aircraft piracy, and terrorism and to ensure security.
            ``(2) Disclosure.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding section 552 of title 5, 
                the Administrator shall prescribe regulations prohibiting 
                disclosure of information obtained or developed in ensuring 
                security under this title if the Secretary of Homeland Security 
                decides disclosing the information would--
                            ``(i) be an unwarranted invasion of personal 
                        privacy;
                            ``(ii) reveal a trade secret or privileged or 
                        confidential commercial or financial information; or
                            ``(iii) be detrimental to transportation safety.
                    ``(B) Information to congress.--Subparagraph (A) does not 
                authorize information to be withheld from a committee of 
                Congress authorized to have the information.
                    ``(C) Rule of construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (A) 
                shall be construed to authorize the designation of information 
                as sensitive security information (as defined in section 15.5 of 
                title 49, Code of Federal Regulations)--
                            ``(i) to conceal a violation of law, inefficiency, 
                        or administrative error;
                            ``(ii) to prevent embarrassment to a person, 
                        organization, or agency;
                            ``(iii) to restrain competition; or
                            ``(iv) to prevent or delay the release of 
                        information that does not require protection in the 
                        interest of transportation security, including basic 
                        scientific research information not clearly related to 
                        transportation security.
                    ``(D) Privacy act.--Section 552a of title 5 shall not apply 
                to disclosures that the Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration may make from the systems of records of 
                the Transportation Security Administration to any Federal law 
                enforcement, intelligence, protective service, immigration, or 
                national security official in order to assist the official 
                receiving the information in the performance of official duties.
            ``(3) Transfers of duties and powers prohibited.--Except as 
        otherwise provided by law, the Administrator may not transfer a duty or 
        power under this section to another department, agency, or 
        instrumentality of the United States Government.
    ``(e) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (11) section 44913 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary 
                        of Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration (referred to in this section as `the 
                        Administrator')'';
                            (ii) by striking paragraph (2);
                            (iii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as 
                        paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively; and
                            (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Secretary of 
                Transportation'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (12) section 44914 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (C) by inserting ``the Department of Transportation,'' 
                before ``air carriers, airport authorities, and others'';
            (13) section 44915 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (14) section 44916 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
                the Transportation Security Administration''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the first place 
                        it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the second 
                        place it appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
            (15) section 44917 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``by the 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``by the Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant 
                        Secretary for Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the 
                        Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (3), by striking ``Assistant 
                        Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
            (16) section 44918 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)(E), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary for Border and Transportation Security of the 
                        Department of Homeland Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by striking ``Not later than 
                        one year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--
                        Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and 
                        inserting ``The''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (5), by striking ``the date of 
                        enactment of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
                        Reauthorization Act'' and inserting ``December 12, 
                        2003,'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Not later than 
                        one year after the date of enactment of the Vision 100--
                        Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act, the'' and 
                        inserting ``The''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (6), by striking ``Federal Air 
                        Marshals Service'' and inserting ``Federal Air Marshal 
                        Service''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (17) section 44920 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)(1), by striking ``subsection (a) or 
                section 44919'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (18) section 44922 is amended--
                    (A) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and inserting 
                ``Deputization'';
                    (B) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Deputation'' and 
                        inserting ``Deputization''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e), by striking ``deputation'' and 
                inserting ``deputization''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (19) section 44923 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
                Border and Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
                Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) by striking ``(1) In general.--''; and
                    (D) by striking subsection (j);
            (20) section 44924 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and 
                        Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Administrator under'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration under'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f), by striking 
                ``Administrator'' and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (f), by striking ``Not later than 240 days 
                after the date of enactment of this section, the'' and inserting 
                ``The''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (21) section 44925 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b)(1), by striking ``Not later than 90 
                days after the date of enactment of this section, the Assistant 
                Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation Security 
                Administration)'' and inserting ``The Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (3); and
                    (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
            (22) section 44926(b)(3) is amended by striking ``an misidentified 
        passenger'' and inserting ``a misidentified passenger'';
            (23) section 44927 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (a), by striking ``Veteran Affairs'' and 
                inserting ``Veterans Affairs''; and
                    (C) in subsection (f)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Report'' and 
                        inserting ``Reports''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Not later than 1 year after the 
                        date of enactment of this section, and annually 
                        thereafter,'' and inserting ``Each year,'';
            (24) section 44933 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Federal Security Manager'' and 
                        inserting ``Federal Security Director''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Managers'' each place it appears 
                        and inserting ``Federal Security Directors'';
                    (B) in subsection (b), by striking ``Manager'' and inserting 
                ``Federal Security Director''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (25) section 44934 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``airports. In coordination with 
                        the Secretary'' and inserting ``airports. In 
                        coordination with the Secretary of State'';
                            (iii) by striking ``The Secretary shall give high 
                        priority'' and inserting ``The Secretary of State shall 
                        give high priority''; and
                            (iv) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                        striking ``Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``the Secretary and the 
                chief'' and inserting ``the Secretary of State and the chief'';
            (26) section 44935 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (B) in subsection (e)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary 
                        of Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)(A)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                                            (aa) by striking ``Within 30 days 
                                        after the date of enactment of the 
                                        Aviation and Transportation Security 
                                        Act, the'' and inserting ``The''; and
                                            (bb) by inserting ``other'' before 
                                        ``provision of law''; and
                                    (II) in clause (ii), by striking ``section 
                                1102(a)(22)'' and inserting ``section 
                                101(a)(22)'';
                    (C) in subsection (f)(1), by inserting ``other'' before 
                ``provision of law'';
                    (D) in subsection (g)(2), by striking ``Within 60 days after 
                the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation 
                Security Act, the'' and inserting ``The'';
                    (E) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (F) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(l) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (27) section 44936 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' each place it appears and inserting 
                        ``Administrator'';
                            (ii) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``,,'' 
                                and inserting a comma; and
                                    (II) by striking subparagraph (C); and
                            (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
                        subparagraph (C);
                    (B) in subsection (c)(1), by striking ``Under Secretary's'' 
                and inserting ``Administrator's'';
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator''; and
                    (D) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Definition of Administrator.--In this section, the term 
`Administrator' means the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.'';
            (28) section 44937 is amended by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration'';
            (29) section 44938 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Secretary of Transportation'' and 
                        inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (30) section 44939(d) is amended by striking ``Not later than 60 
        days after the date of enactment of this section, the Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``The Secretary of Homeland Security'';
            (31) section 44940 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                                Transportation for Security'' and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking the last two sentences; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Determination of costs.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The amount of the costs under paragraph 
                (1) shall be determined by the Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration and shall not be subject 
                to judicial review.
                    ``(B) Definition of federal law enforcement personnel.--For 
                purposes of paragraph (1)(A), the term `Federal law enforcement 
                personnel' includes State and local law enforcement officers who 
                are deputized under section 44922.'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (d), (e), (g), and (h), by striking 
                ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``within 60 days of the date 
                                of enactment of this Act, or''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``thereafter''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``subsection 
                        (d)'' each place it appears and inserting ``paragraph 
                        (1) of this subsection'';
                    (D) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``Fees payable to 
                under secretary'' in the heading and inserting ``Fees payable to 
                administrator''; and
                    (E) in subsection (i)(4)--
                            (i) by striking subparagraphs (A) through (D); and
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (L) 
                        as subparagraphs (A) through (H), respectively;
            (32) section 44941(a) is amended by inserting ``the Department of 
        Homeland Security,'' after ``Department of Transportation,'';
            (33) section 44942 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                                (A), by striking ``Within 180 days after the 
                                date of enactment of the Aviation and 
                                Transportation Security Act, the Under Secretary 
                                for Transportation Security may, in consultation 
                                with'' and inserting ``The Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security Administration may, in 
                                consultation with other relevant Federal 
                                agencies and''; and
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``, 
                                and'' and inserting ``; and''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2), by inserting a comma after 
                        ``Federal Aviation Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking ``(1) Performance plan and report.--
                        '';
                            (ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as 
                        paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;
                            (iii) in paragraph (1), as redesignated--
                                    (I) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as 
                                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                                    (II) in subparagraph (A), as redesignated, 
                                by striking ``the Secretary and the Under 
                                Secretary for Transportation Security shall 
                                agree'' and inserting ``the Secretary of 
                                Homeland Security and the Administrator of the 
                                Transportation Security Administration shall 
                                agree''; and
                                    (III) in subparagraph (B), as redesignated, 
                                by striking ``the Secretary, the Under Secretary 
                                for Transportation Security'' and inserting 
                                ``the Secretary of Homeland Security, the 
                                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration,''; and
                            (iv) in paragraph (2), as redesignated, by striking 
                        ``Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration'';
            (34) section 44943 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary for 
                Transportation Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Secretary and Under 
                                Secretary of Transportation for Security'' and 
                                inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security and 
                                Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary'' the 
                                first place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                                Administration''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Under Secretary shall'' 
                                each place it appears and inserting 
                                ``Administrator shall''; and
                    (C) in subsection (c), by striking ``Aviation Security Act, 
                the Under Secretary for Transportation Security'' and inserting 
                ``Aviation and Transportation Security Act (Public Law 107-71; 
                115 Stat. 597), the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (35) section 44944 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Under Secretary 
                        of Transportation for Transportation Security'' and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``the 
                        Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration,'' 
                        after ``consult with''; and
                    (B) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (36) section 44945(b) is amended by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (37) section 44946 is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (g)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (2);
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraph (1) as paragraph 
                        (2); and
                            (iii) by inserting before paragraph (2), as 
                        redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Administrator.--The term `Administrator' means the 
        Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.'';
                    (B) by striking ``Assistant Secretary'' each place it 
                appears and inserting ``Administrator'';
                    (C) in subsection (b)(4)--
                            (i) by striking ``the Secretary receives'' and 
                        inserting ``the Administrator receives''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Secretary shall'' and 
                        inserting ``the Administrator shall''; and
                    (D) in subsection (c)(1)(A), by striking ``Not later than 
                180 days after the date of enactment of the Aviation Security 
                Stakeholder Participation Act of 2014, the'' and inserting 
                ``The''.
    (e) Chapter 451 Amendments.--Section 45107 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking the second sentence.
    (f) Chapter 461 Amendments.--Chapter 461 is amended--
            (1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a), 46104(a), 
        46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
        designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
        ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration with 
        respect to security duties and powers designated to be carried out by 
        the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration'';
            (2) in each of sections 46101, 46102(c), 46103, 46104, 46105, 46107, 
        and 46110 by striking ``or Administrator'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``or Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (3) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a) 46103(a), 46104(a), 
        46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by striking ``by the 
        Administrator)'' and inserting ``by the Administrator of the Federal 
        Aviation Administration)'';
            (4) in each of sections 46101, 46102, 46103, 46104, 46105, 46107, 
        and 46110 by striking ``Under Secretary,'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
        Administration,'';
            (5) in section 46102--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by striking ``the Administrator'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``the Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration'';
                    (B) in subsection (c), by striking ``and Administrator'' 
                each place it appears and inserting ``and Administrator of the 
                Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                    (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``the Administrator, or 
                an officer or employee of the Administration'' in subsection (d) 
                and inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration, or an officer or employee of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration'';
            (6) in section 46104--
                    (A) by striking ``subpena'' each place it appears and 
                inserting ``subpoena''; and
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``Subpenas'' and 
                        inserting ``Subpoenas''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``the Administrator, or'' and 
                        inserting ``the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration, or'';
            (7) in section 46105(c), by striking ``When the Administrator'' and 
        inserting ``When the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration'';
            (8) in section 46109, by inserting ``(or the Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration with respect to security duties 
        and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration or the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
        and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator)'' after 
        ``Secretary of Transportation''; and
            (9) in section 46111--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by inserting ``the'' before ``Federal Aviation 
                        Administration'';
                            (ii) by striking ``Administrator is'' and inserting 
                        ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
                        is''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``Under Secretary for Border and 
                        Transportation Security of the Department of Homeland 
                        Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (B) in subsections (b), (c), (e), and (g), by striking 
                ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (g)(2)(A), by striking ``(18 U.S.C. 
                App.)'' and inserting ``(18 U.S.C. App.))''; and
                    (D) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration''.
    (g) Chapter 463 Amendments.--Chapter 463 is amended--
            (1) in section 46301--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(5)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking ``or chapter 
                        451'' and inserting ``chapter 451''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``of 
                        Transportation'' after ``Secretary'';
                    (B) in subsection (d)--
                            (i) in paragraph (2)--
                                    (I) by striking ``defined by the Secretary'' 
                                and inserting ``defined by the Secretary of 
                                Transportation''; and
                                    (II) by striking ``Administrator shall'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration shall'';
                            (ii) in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8), 
                        by striking ``Administrator'' each place it appears and 
                        inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration''; and
                            (iii) in paragraph (8), by striking ``Under 
                        Secretary'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
                        Transportation Security Administration'';
                    (C) in subsection (e), by inserting ``of Transportation'' 
                after ``Secretary'';
                    (D) in subsection (g), by striking ``Administrator'' and 
                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration''; and
                    (E) in subsection (h)(2)--
                            (i) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation 
                        for Security with respect to security duties and powers 
                        designated to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' 
                        and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                        Security Administration with respect to security duties 
                        and powers designated to be carried out by the 
                        Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                        Administration''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``or the Administrator with respect 
                        to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
                        carried out by the Administrator'' and inserting ``or 
                        the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
                        with respect to aviation safety duties and powers 
                        designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the 
                        Federal Aviation Administration'';
            (2) in section 46304(b), by striking ``or the Administrator of the 
        Federal Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
        and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator'' and 
        inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration 
        with respect to aviation safety duties and powers designated to be 
        carried out by the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
        Administration'';
            (3) in section 46311--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                                    (I) by striking ``Under Secretary of 
                                Transportation for Security with respect to 
                                security duties and powers designated to be 
                                carried out by the Under Secretary'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration with respect to security 
                                duties and powers designated to be carried out 
                                by the Administrator of the Transportation 
                                Security Administration'';
                                    (II) by striking ``the Administrator of the 
                                Federal Aviation Administration with respect to 
                                aviation safety duties and powers designated to 
                                be carried out by the Administrator'' and 
                                inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration with respect to aviation 
                                safety duties and powers designated to be 
                                carried out by the Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration'';
                                    (III) by striking ``Administrator shall'' 
                                and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration shall''; and
                                    (IV) by striking ``Administrator,'' and 
                                inserting ``Administrator of the Federal 
                                Aviation Administration,''; and
                            (ii) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Administrator'' 
                        and inserting ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                        Administration'';
                    (B) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking 
                ``Administrator'' each place it appears and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration''; and
                    (C) by striking ``Under Secretary'' each place it appears 
                and inserting ``Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
            (4) in section 46313--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Security with respect to security duties and powers designated 
                to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
                with respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
                carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration'';
                    (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator'' 
                and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and powers 
                designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration''; and
                    (C) by striking ``subpena'' and inserting ``subpoena''; and
            (5) in section 46316(a)--
                    (A) by striking ``Under Secretary of Transportation for 
                Security with respect to security duties and powers designated 
                to be carried out by the Under Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration 
                with respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
                carried out by the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
                Administration''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration with respect to aviation safety duties 
                and powers designated to be carried out by the Administrator'' 
                and inserting ``or the Administrator of the Federal Aviation 
                Administration with respect to aviation safety duties and powers 
                designated to be carried out by the Administrator of the Federal 
                Aviation Administration''.
    (h) Chapter 465 Amendments.--Chapter 465 is amended--
            (1) in section 46505(d)(2), by striking ``Under Secretary of 
        Transportation for Security'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in the table of contents for chapter 465 of subtitle VII, by 
        striking the following:

``46503. Repealed.''.
    (i) Chapter 483 Repeal.--
            (1) In general.--Chapter 483 is repealed.
            (2) Conforming amendment.--The table of contents for subtitle VII is 
        amended by striking the following:

``483. Aviation security funding............................   48301''.
    (j) Authority To Exempt.--
            (1) In general.--Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended by 
        inserting before section 44933 the following:
``Sec. 44931. Authority to exempt
    ``The Secretary of Homeland Security may grant an exemption from a 
regulation prescribed in carrying out sections 44901, 44903, 44906, 44909(c), 
and 44935-44937 of this title when the Secretary decides the exemption is in the 
public interest.
``Sec. 44932. Administrative
    ``(a) General Authority.--The Secretary of Homeland Security or the 
Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may take action the 
Secretary or the Administrator considers necessary to carry out this chapter and 
chapters 461, 463, and 465 of this title, including conducting investigations, 
prescribing regulations, standards, and procedures, and issuing orders.
    ``(b) Indemnification.--The Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration may indemnify an officer or employee of the Transportation 
Security Administration against a claim or judgment arising out of an act that 
the Administrator decides was committed within the scope of the official duties 
of the officer or employee.''.
            (2) Table of contents.--The table of contents of chapter 449 is 
        amended by inserting before the item relating to section 44933 the 
        following:

``44931. Authority to exempt.
``44932. Administrative.''.

SEC. 1992. TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CHAPTER 449.

    The table of contents of chapter 449 is amended--
            (1) in the item relating to section 44922, by striking 
        ``Deputation'' and inserting ``Deputization''; and
            (2) by inserting after section 44941 the following:

``44942. Performance goals and objectives.
``44943. Performance management system.''.

SEC. 1993. OTHER LAWS; INTELLIGENCE REFORM AND TERRORISM PREVENTION ACT OF 2004.

    Section 4016(c) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 
2004 (49 U.S.C. 44917 note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement'' and inserting ``Administrator of 
        the Transportation Security Administration''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``Assistant Secretary for 
        Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Director of Federal Air 
        Marshal Service of the Department of Homeland Security, in coordination 
        with the Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security (Transportation 
        Security Administration),'' and inserting ``Administrator of the 
        Transportation Security Administration and the Director of Federal Air 
        Marshal Service of the Department of Homeland Security''.

SEC. 1994. SAVINGS PROVISIONS.

    References relating to the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security in 
statutes, Executive orders, rules, regulations, directives, or delegations of 
authority that precede the effective date of this Act shall be deemed to refer, 
as appropriate, to the Administrator of the Transportation Security 
Administration.
            Attest:

                                                                          Clerk.