One Health Security Act
Bill: S.5354 | Sponsor: Sen. Gillibrand, Kirsten E. (D-NY)
Policy area: Health

Summary:
One Health Security Act
This bill establishes an interagency policy council that is focused on matters pertaining to One Health and national security. One Health refers to a multisectoral and transdisciplinary approach for achieving optimal health outcomes for people, domestic and wild animals, plants, and their shared environments and ecosystems.
Specifically, the council must advise the President about, develop a strategy for, and generally coordinate federal activities related to One Health Security (i.e., the operational and functional security of the United States against naturally occurring, accidental, and deliberate biological threats, including identified threats, criminal acts, terrorist acts, supply chain failure and system failure, cyberattacks, or other relevant threats affecting One Health and national security).

To assess, prevent, prepare for, respond to, recover, and mitigate 
  biological threats by establishing the One Health Security Council.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``One Health Security Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Health threats at the human-animal-plant-environment 
        interface pose risks to public health, animal health, 
        environmental health, plant health, and global health security.
            (2) Population growth--
                    (A) strains food supplies, threatens food 
                sustainability and nutrition, and exacerbates the 
                consequences of intensified food production in the 
                plant and animal sectors;
                    (B) contributes to natural habitat loss, 
                biodiversity loss, and exploitation of wildlife, which 
                has led to the closer proximity of wild animals to 
                domesticated animals and people;
                    (C) increases urbanization and population density 
                in certain regions; and
                    (D) leads to the increased movement of humans, 
                animals, plants, and products made from plants and 
                animals that increases risk of disease transmission.
            (3) Diseases that are shared between animals and humans are 
        responsible for--
                    (A) approximately 60 percent of all human 
                infections, including all pandemic outbreaks since the 
                1970s;
                    (B) up to 75 percent of new or emerging infectious 
                diseases affecting humans; and
                    (C) more than 80 percent of the biological agents 
                that could be intentionally released as biological 
                weapons.
            (4) Plant diseases are responsible for--
                    (A) estimated worldwide yield losses on food crops 
                of between 10 and 20 percent, including up to a 40 
                percent loss on maize, potato, rice, soybean, and wheat 
                crops; and
                    (B) disrupting trade by contaminating commodities 
                with plant pathogens and insect pests.
            (5) Changes in the environment have increased the risk of 
        food insecurity and zoonotic and plant diseases emerging in new 
        geographic areas and different times of year by creating--
                    (A) hospitable conditions for--
                            (i) many zoonotic disease vectors, such as 
                        mosquitoes and ticks;
                            (ii) plant diseases, vectors, viruses, and 
                        pests, such as mildews, aphids, and nematodes; 
                        and
                            (iii) the territorial expansion of such 
                        diseases, vectors, and pests into places 
                        inhabited by humans and wildlife; and
                    (B) an increase in extreme weather events, such as 
                wildfires, hurricanes, floods, and droughts, leading 
                to--
                            (i) the displacement of animals that are 
                        seeking refuge in new areas;
                            (ii) mass gatherings of people and domestic 
                        animals seeking shelter, resources, and medical 
                        attention;
                            (iii) the destruction of fields of plant 
                        crops and livestock farms; and
                            (iv) the displacement of wildlife that 
                        often feed on surviving agriculture.
            (6) Human conflict creates major risk for disease outbreaks 
        and food insecurity due to--
                    (A) the movement of displaced people and animals; 
                and
                    (B) the destruction and neglect of agricultural 
                products resulting in reduced crop yields and the 
                inability to transport food.
            (7) Antimicrobial resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi, 
        parasites, and other microbes impact the ability of health 
        professionals, including physicians, veterinarians, and plant 
        disease specialists, to manage infectious diseases of humans, 
        animals, and plants.
            (8) Antimicrobial resistant infections kill an estimated 
        35,000 Americans annually and more than 700,000 people annually 
        worldwide, resulting in a long-term global pandemic of 
        resistant infections.
            (9) Addressing complex health-related issues that span 
        human, animal, plant, and environmental health requires 
        coordinated efforts, interagency collaboration, and funding 
        mechanisms that are not constrained to the narrow missions of 
        individual Federal agencies.
            (10) While One Health efforts to mitigate the emergence and 
        impact of pandemics requires a global perspective, there is a 
        critical need for investment in United States national networks 
        and disease surveillance in order to effectively predict and 
        mitigate local emergence of threats that may be missed by 
        global surveillance.
            (11) The National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation 
        Plan for Countering Biological Threats, Enhancing Pandemic 
        Preparedness, and Achieving Global Health Security states, 
        ``Biological threats can affect humans, animals, plants, and 
        the environment, resulting in significant health, economic, 
        social, and national security impacts. It is therefore 
        important to address biological threats using a One Health 
        approach that recognizes the interconnections among people, 
        animals (domestic and wildlife), plants, and the 
        environment.''.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) supporting global health security requires mobilizing 
        an interagency council to operationalize the ``One Health'' 
        concept and approach, which links human, animal, plant, and 
        environmental health; and
            (2) the United States Government needs to create, support, 
        and allocate funds to interagency projects with effective 
        outcomes, including--
                    (A) coordinated and well-funded surveillance and 
                investigation programs designed to identify emerging 
                One Health challenges, including emerging infectious 
                diseases and pathogen resistance to current treatments;
                    (B) comprehensive One Health monitoring, 
                prevention, mitigation, and outreach programs;
                    (C) innovative research and education efforts 
                focused on addressing current and future One Health 
                challenges;
                    (D) organized and funded crisis resilience 
                exercises to verify crisis management, response, and 
                recovery capabilities at the Federal, State, and local 
                levels;
                    (E) statutory authority for Federal agencies to 
                participate in multiagency One Health projects that are 
                critical to national security;
                    (F) prioritized project execution through a One 
                Health Security Council; and
                    (G) comprehensive, equitable, all-species 
                inclusive, and safe care in response to biological 
                threats.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Animal.--The term ``animal'' includes companion, 
        domestic, aquacultural and agricultural livestock, captive and 
        free-ranging wild animals, including invertebrates, such as 
        pollinators.
            (2) Antimicrobial resistance.--The term ``antimicrobial 
        resistance'' means the process by which microbes, including 
        bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microbes, evolve 
        resistance to the effects of a drug used to treat the illnesses 
        they cause.
            (3) Commercial trade.--The term ``commercial trade'' means 
        trade in animals, plants, other sources of food, and associated 
        products, including production, if--
                    (A) the purpose of such trade is to obtain an 
                economic benefit, whether in cash or otherwise; and
                    (B) such trade is directed toward the sale, resale, 
                or exchange of wildlife, or any other form of economic 
                use or benefit.
            (4) Council.--The term ``Council'' means the One Health 
        Security Council established under section 4.
            (5) Dual use biomedical research.--The term ``dual use 
        biomedical research'' means biomedical research intended for 
        legitimate purposes, but having the potential for both 
        benevolent and malevolent applications.
            (6) Network.--The term ``Network'' means the One Health 
        Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network.
            (7) One health.--The term ``One Health''--
                    (A) recognizes the interconnection between people, 
                animals (including domestic and wildlife), plants, and 
                their shared environments (including ecosystems);
                    (B) refers to a collaborative, multisectoral, and 
                transdisciplinary approach, working at the local, 
                regional, national, and global levels, with the goal of 
                achieving optimal health outcomes for the linked 
                systems described in subparagraph (A); and
                    (C) includes matters related to--
                            (i) zoonotic and vector-borne diseases;
                            (ii) the evolution of antimicrobial 
                        resistance and stewardship of antimicrobials 
                        against organisms, including viruses, bacteria, 
                        fungi, and parasites (both pathogenic and non-
                        pathogenic);
                            (iii) risks to animals, plants, other 
                        sources of food, and the health of the natural 
                        environment, including soil, air, and water;
                            (iv) the use of animals, plants, and the 
                        environment as sentinels for human and 
                        ecosystem health risks;
                            (v) non-zoonotic infectious diseases 
                        associated with global trade;
                            (vi) crises adversely affecting domestic 
                        and global commerce in animal populations, 
                        plant crops, imported food products, and other 
                        sources of safe and nutritious food;
                            (vii) the risks to biodiversity and the 
                        well-being of all life on Earth; and
                            (viii) other contexts related to the 
                        interconnectedness and shared biological and 
                        social systems from comparative medicine and 
                        translational research across different species 
                        of animals and humans to noncommunicable 
                        diseases from exposure to environmental toxins 
                        and contaminants inevitably affecting all life 
                        forms.
            (8) One health security.--The term ``One Health 
        Security''--
                    (A) means the operational and functional security 
                of the Nation's One Health systems against naturally 
                occurring, accidental, and deliberate biological 
                threats, including identified threats, criminal acts, 
                terrorist acts, supply chain failure and system 
                failure, cyberattacks, or other relevant threats 
                affecting One Health and national security; and
                    (B) requires the integration of professionals with 
                expertise in security, law enforcement, and 
                intelligence to join the veterinary, agricultural, 
                environmental, ecological, and human health experts who 
                are essential to One Health and national security.
            (9) Other sources of food.--The term ``other sources of 
        food'' means any food that is not from a plant or animal 
        source, such as fungi and algae.
            (10) Plant.--The term ``plant'' includes--
                    (A) commercial, local, public, and private plants 
                used in agriculture, forestry, and nurseries; and
                    (B) native, imported, and endangered plants, 
                including weeds.
            (11) Spillover.--The term ``spillover'' means a single 
        event during which a pathogen in 1 species moves into another 
        species.
            (12) Wildlife.--The term ``wildlife'' means mammals, birds, 
        fish, reptiles, and amphibians of wild origin, whether removed 
        directly from the wild or born or bred in captivity.
            (13) Wildlife market.--The term ``wildlife market''--
                    (A) means a commercial market that sells, 
                processes, or slaughters wildlife or their products for 
                human consumption; and
                    (B) does not include markets in areas where no 
                other practical alternative sources of protein or meat 
                exists, such as markets in rural areas that may trade 
                in wildlife and on which indigenous people rely to feed 
                themselves and their families.
            (14) Zoonotic disease.--The term ``zoonotic disease'' means 
        any disease that is transmissible between animals and humans.

SEC. 4. ONE HEALTH SECURITY COUNCIL.

    (a) Establishment.--There is hereby established, in the Executive 
Office of the President, an interagency policy council, which shall be 
known as the ``One Health Security Council''.
    (b) Functions.--The Council shall--
            (1) advise the President with respect to the integration of 
        domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to One Health 
        Security and to enable Federal agencies to cooperate more 
        effectively in matters involving One Health Security;
            (2) assess and appraise--
                    (A) the objectives and commitments of the United 
                States to protecting One Health Security;
                    (B) the actual and potential capacity of the United 
                States to protect One Health Security;
                    (C) the objectives and goals of the National 
                Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan on 
                Countering Biological Threats, Enhancing Pandemic 
                Preparedness, and Achieving Global Health Security; and
                    (D) the risks of not fulfilling related objectives 
                and commitments;
            (3) make recommendations to the President concerning--
                    (A) the matters described in paragraph (2); and
                    (B) policies to effectively coordinate on matters 
                of common interest to Federal agencies involved with 
                One Health Security; and
            (4) coordinate the United States Government response to One 
        Health Security threats, including by--
                    (A) reducing the threat of zoonotic disease impacts 
                on public health and national security;
                    (B) reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases 
                of humans, animals, and plants and their antimicrobial 
                resistance to treatments;
                    (C) addressing other cross-cutting, multi-sectoral 
                needs, including pandemic prevention and noninfectious 
                health threats, such as ecosystem health, chemicals, 
                toxins, and natural disasters;
                    (D) fostering collaborative and innovative efforts 
                among academic, private, and government entities to 
                improve--
                            (i) One Health surveillance, detection, 
                        prevention, response, mitigation, and recovery 
                        efforts and capabilities; and
                            (ii) antimicrobial stewardship;
                    (E) coordinating the acquisition, analysis, and 
                dissemination of information relevant to novel and 
                emerging health threats, such as medical intelligence 
                and biosurveillance, including--
                            (i) the role and impact of misinformation 
                        and disinformation on relevant information to 
                        One Health;
                            (ii) the role of risk communication;
                            (iii) adaptive strategies to improve 
                        communication and dissemination of scientific 
                        and evidence-based public health information to 
                        the public, to improve such communication 
                        between Federal, State, local, and Tribal 
                        health officials, and, as appropriate, to 
                        address misinformation and disinformation;
                            (iv) the most effective methods for the 
                        dissemination of information, including between 
                        Federal agencies and members of the Council; 
                        and
                            (v) the best practices for communicating 
                        information to populations that may be impacted 
                        by such misinformation and disinformation;
                    (F) fostering a sustainable network of health care 
                institutions that is able to provide comprehensive care 
                to patients infected with zoonotic diseases, while 
                keeping the health care workforce safe; and
                    (G) promoting a regulated and transparent research 
                network that can study emerging diseases, with a focus 
                on routes of transmission and medical countermeasures.
    (c) Objectives.--The Council shall ensure that Federal, State, 
Tribal, and local governments are taking a whole-of-country approach to 
One Health Security policies and programs for the United States that--
            (1) supports interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral 
        collaboration designed to address the complex systems 
        underlying health threats in humans, animals, plants, and the 
        environment, especially zoonosis and antimicrobial resistance, 
        food security, and natural disasters;
            (2) ensures alignment and structural balance among 
        agencies, academia and the private sector in addressing One 
        Health Security challenges and opportunities;
            (3) promotes integrated action for early detection, 
        prevention, mitigation, and response to health threats, 
        especially zoonotic disease spillover and outbreaks around the 
        world;
            (4) addresses the cooperative and timely dissemination of 
        data among agencies and institutions and with the public, and 
        the handling of communications; and
            (5) ensures that all deliberations, discussions, and 
        meetings involving Federal agencies are subject to the 
        recording provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, United States 
        Code (commonly known as the ``Administrative Procedures Act'').
    (d) Leadership.--
            (1) Chair.--The National Security Advisor shall serve as 
        Chair of the Council.
            (2) Vice chair.--There shall be up to 3 Vice Chairs of the 
        Council, who shall be selected among the representatives of the 
        Federal agencies referred to in subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), 
        (D), (H), and (M) of subsection (e)(1). Vice Chairs shall serve 
        terms of 3 years, rotating in alphabetical order by name of 
        department or agency. If the Chair is absent from a meeting of 
        the Council, a Vice Chair, who shall be designated by the 
        Chair, shall assume the responsibilities of the Chair during 
        such absence.
    (e) Composition.--
            (1) In general.--The Council shall be composed of the heads 
        of--
                    (A) the Department of State;
                    (B) the Department of Health and Human Services;
                    (C) the Environmental Protection Agency;
                    (D) the Department of Agriculture;
                    (E) the Department of Commerce;
                    (F) the Department of Defense;
                    (G) the Department of the Treasury;
                    (H) the Department of Homeland Security;
                    (I) the Office of the Director of National 
                Intelligence;
                    (J) the National Science Foundation;
                    (K) the Department of Energy;
                    (L) the Department of Justice;
                    (M) the Department of the Interior; and
                    (N) such other offices of the United States 
                Government as the President may designate.
            (2) Appointments.--The head of each agency or organization 
        listed under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) shall--
                            (i) represent such agency on the Council; 
                        or
                            (ii) appoint a senior-level staff member to 
                        represent such agency on the Council; and
                    (B) may modify an appointment under subparagraph 
                (A)(ii) at any time other than during a Council 
                meeting.
            (3) Involvement of other federal agencies.--Council members 
        shall actively invite the Federal agencies and subagencies that 
        have One Health Security responsibilities--
                    (A) to participate, in a nonvoting capacity, in 
                Council meetings and activities, as appropriate; and
                    (B) to remain actively engaged with the Council on 
                an ongoing basis, including by sharing and discussing 
                One Health Security-related research, programming, 
                policy, and funding.
            (4) Staff.--
                    (A) In general.--The Council may hire staff members 
                to assist in carrying out its responsibilities under 
                this section.
                    (B) Expertise.--Council members shall strive to 
                hire staff who have--
                            (i) varied, cross-cutting expertise in a 
                        variety of global One Health topics, including 
                        human, animal, plant, and environmental health, 
                        conservation, epidemiology, biodiversity, food 
                        security, ecology, economics, sociology, data 
                        analysis, and medical sciences;
                            (ii) expertise specific to the ecological 
                        determinants and prevention of zoonotic and 
                        vector-borne disease spillover, amplification, 
                        and spread;
                            (iii) expertise specific to health 
                        communication;
                            (iv) One Health education; and
                            (v) national security and intelligence.
    (f) Meetings.--
            (1) In general.--The Council shall meet not less frequently 
        than quarterly to review progress, share new information and 
        knowledge, and attend to other business.
            (2) Agenda.--The Chair of the Council, in consultation with 
        the Vice Chairs, is authorized to convene Council meetings and 
        set the agenda for such meetings. Meeting agendas shall be made 
        available to the public.
            (3) Remote attendance authorized.--Council members may 
        participate in Council meetings from remote locations.
            (4) Participation with stakeholders.--In order to 
        facilitate the coordination of One Health Security efforts, 
        representatives of key stakeholders shall be invited to attend 
        not fewer than 2 Council meetings per year in a nonvoting role. 
        Such stakeholders may include--
                    (A) the Food and Agriculture Organization of the 
                United Nations;
                    (B) the United Nations Environment Programme;
                    (C) the World Organisation for Animal Health;
                    (D) the World Health Organization;
                    (E) the International Monetary Fund;
                    (F) the World Bank;
                    (G) nongovernmental organizations;
                    (H) academic institutions;
                    (I) professional organizations representing 
                veterinarians, physical and mental health 
                professionals, plant pathologists, environmental 
                scientists, people with disabilities, and other 
                relevant experts;
                    (J) national laboratories, foundations, or other 
                private sector groups; and
                    (K) State, territories, Tribes, and local 
                governments.
    (g) Major Activities.--The Council shall--
            (1) develop a comprehensive One Health Security Strategy;
            (2) beginning 1 year after the date of the enactment of 
        this Act, provide annual recommendations to Congress regarding 
        the optimal distribution of One Health Security funding, 
        including the disbursement of appropriated funds through 
        interagency agreements, to support--
                    (A) One Health educational activities and 
                programs--
                            (i) for primary and secondary education 
                        students through the Department of Education; 
                        and
                            (ii) primary, secondary, and tertiary 
                        education students through the National Science 
                        Foundation;
                    (B) the National Plant Diagnostics Network;
                    (C) the National Animal Health Laboratory Network;
                    (D) One Health educational programs for the public, 
                including sponsored annual conferences and readiness 
                exercises, which shall be conducted not more frequently 
                than semiannually by the National Park Service, the 
                Army Educational Outreach Service, and the Fish and 
                Wildlife Service to achieve the global One Health goals 
                and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; 
                and
                    (E) intramural and extramural programs intended to 
                achieve the purposes set forth in the One Health 
                Security Strategy that are led by international 
                organizations, such as the stakeholders listed in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (K) of subsection (f)(4) and 
                the Convention on International Trade in Endangered 
                Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Secretariat;
            (3) provide continuous updates on internationally 
        reportable high-risk incidents adversely affecting the security 
        and stability of One Health Security programs and efforts;
            (4) analyze the scope and context of all One Health 
        Security-related activities receiving Federal funding, 
        including activities partially funded with non-Federal funds, 
        to identify opportunities, gaps, duplications, existing 
        relationships, organizational strengths, and the degree to 
        which such activities align with the goals identified by the 
        Council and the One Health Security Strategy;
            (5) make recommendations to Congress and relevant executive 
        branch agencies regarding the scope and context of One Health 
        Security-related activities receiving Federal funding, 
        including the role and impact of misinformation and 
        disinformation related to One Health Security-related 
        activities;
            (6) facilitate public-private partnerships, including 
        zoological and aquatic parks, and government-university 
        partnerships to accelerate impact, increase cost-effectiveness, 
        and better address the root drivers of spillover and spread;
            (7) regularly consult with foreign governments, 
        nongovernmental organizations, foundations, and international 
        organizations, including the World Bank, the International 
        Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization, the World 
        Organisation for Animal Health, the Food and Agriculture 
        Organization, and the United Nations Environmental Programme 
        that carry out One Health Security-related activities;
            (8) provide guidance to the Office of Management and Budget 
        regarding the types of activities that should be classified as 
        related to One Health Security and global One Health;
            (9) identify research gaps and opportunities, particularly 
        those that can be addressed by researchers and research 
        organizations in the United States; and
            (10) identify specific crisis response and incident 
        response capabilities of each State for spillover events and 
        other health threats and submit semiannual reports to Congress 
        describing each State's One Health crisis readiness.
    (h) Decision Making.--
            (1) One health security strategy.--
                    (A) Comment period.--The Council shall--
                            (i) provide a 60-day public comment period 
                        before finalizing the One Health Security 
                        Strategy; and
                            (ii) incorporate the input received from 
                        the public during such period, as appropriate.
                    (B) Voting and resolving disagreements.--If the 
                Council requires a vote or cannot reach consensus 
                regarding any element in the One Health Security 
                Strategy, including strategic goals, programming 
                priorities, and funding priorities, the Council members 
                shall vote on the competing options, with the presiding 
                Chair casting the deciding vote, if necessary. The 
                option supported by a simple majority of Council 
                members shall be included in the One Health Security 
                Strategy. When casting votes, Council members shall 
                consult with their relevant subagencies, as needed. 
                Each department or agency will be allowed only 1 vote 
                regardless of the amount of representation or 
                stakeholders present at the meeting.
            (2) Quorum.--If 1 or more Council members impede the 
        ability of the Council to perform its duties by repeatedly 
        failing to attend Council meetings or refusing to vote on 
        Council matters, a majority of Council members who are present 
        and voting shall constitute a quorum and may approve previously 
        noticed decision items through a simple majority. Council 
        meetings may not commence without the participation of a quorum 
        of at least 8 voting members.
            (3) OMB observer.--The Director of the Office of Management 
        and Budget may send an observer to any Council meeting at which 
        the Council is expected to make a decision regarding the 
        distribution of Federal funding to a project. Such observer may 
        not vote on Council matters.

SEC. 5. ONE HEALTH SECURITY STRATEGY.

    (a) In General.--The One Health Security Strategy required under 
section 4(g)(1) shall build from, link with, and contribute to existing 
domestic and international One Health Security-related efforts, 
including--
            (1) efforts outlined by the Global Health Security Agenda, 
        the interagency Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant 
        Bacteria, the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating 
        Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, and the Presidential Task Force 
        to Combat Wildlife Trafficking;
            (2) existing strategies, such as the National Security 
        Strategy, the Global Health Security Strategy, the National 
        Health Security Strategy, the National Strategy for Combating 
        Wildlife Trafficking, and the National Biodefense Strategy and 
        Implementation Plan for Countering Biological Threats, 
        Enhancing Pandemic Preparedness, and Achieving Global Health 
        Security;
            (3) Federal investments related to such efforts and 
        strategies, such as the Biomedical and Advanced Research and 
        Development Authority, the Administration for Strategic 
        Preparedness and Response, the World Health Organization, the 
        World Organisation for Animal Health, the Food and Agriculture 
        Organization, and the United Nations Environmental Programme; 
        and
            (4) the programs and activities described in the inventory 
        and capabilities assessment carried out pursuant to section 
        7(b).
    (b) Elements.--The One Health Security Strategy shall include--
            (1) a definition of the scope of One Health Security that--
                    (A) aligns with existing practices by the member 
                agencies of the One Health Security Council to the 
                extent possible and considers governmental and 
                nongovernmental definitions for One Health, such as 
                definitions offered by the World Health Organization's 
                One Health High-Level Expert Panel, the Quadripartite 
                organization's One Health Joint Plan of Action, and the 
                National Biodefense Strategy and Implementation Plan 
                for Countering Biological Threats, Enhancing Pandemic 
                Preparedness, and Achieving Global Health Security, 
                published in October 2022; and
                    (B) includes--
                            (i) zoonotic disease and vector-borne 
                        disease prevention, detection, and response and 
                        all aspects of prevention of resistance to 
                        pathogen treatments;
                            (ii) issues related to the matters 
                        described in clause (i), such as--
                                    (I) legal and illegal wildlife 
                                trafficking and commercial trade, 
                                including wildlife markets, animal 
                                husbandry, habitat destruction, and 
                                degradation;
                                    (II) biodiversity loss; and
                                    (III) climate change;
                            (iii) plant disease prevention, detection, 
                        response, and surveillance;
                            (iv) risk of intentional misuse of advances 
                        in biotechnology;
                            (v) accidental release of biological 
                        agents; and
                            (vi) threats posed by terrorist groups or 
                        adversaries seeking to use biological weapons;
            (2) short-term (1 year) objectives, intermediate-term (2 to 
        3 years) objectives, and long-term (4 years or more) 
        objectives;
            (3) prioritized areas for further study and targeted 
        technological investments, such as--
                    (A) targeted vaccines, the development of novel 
                vaccine pipelines, and judicious antimicrobial usage 
                for people, plants, and animals to reduce antimicrobial 
                resistance;
                    (B) new diagnostic test pipelines to rapidly detect 
                and monitor pathogens in animals, plants, and humans;
                    (C) advanced technologies for animal, human, and 
                plant disease surveillance, conservation and other 
                related surveillance, and actionable data, including 
                wastewater surveillance and use of predictive 
                analytics, user behavior analytics, or certain other 
                advanced data analytics methods that extract value from 
                large and multiple data sets to improve and target 
                surveillance;
                    (D) data sharing best practices among Federal 
                agencies and partners that can utilize data in disease 
                surveillance;
                    (E) research networks, such as the National 
                Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education 
                Center's Special Pathogens Research Network, to study 
                novel countermeasures for emerging zoonotic pathogens;
                    (F) the manufacturing and timely distribution of 
                vaccines, therapeutics, and remedies to biological 
                threats; and
                    (G) other research priorities identified by the 
                Council;
            (4) prioritized activities to prevent and address One 
        Health Security threats, including zoonotic, vector-borne, and 
        plant disease amplification and spread, including--
                    (A) pathogen and risk identification and mitigation 
                in advance of spillover;
                    (B) surveillance and containment activities, 
                including efforts to incentivize and encourage early 
                reporting of risk alerts, spillover events, localized 
                outbreaks, and routine surveillance;
                    (C) global efforts to coordinate antimicrobial 
                resistance response in humans and animals;
                    (D) efforts to eliminate wildlife trafficking;
                    (E) efforts to stop habitat destruction or 
                degradation, deforestation, and biodiversity loss;
                    (F) efforts to promote food security and safety 
                through animal, plant, and other sources of food 
                disease and health surveillance, including in 
                populations dependent on wildlife for protein;
                    (G) efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife, 
                wildlife products, and restricted and endangered 
                plants, including protected wood and other tree 
                products, identified in Appendix I of the Convention on 
                International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna 
                and Flora, done at Washington March 3, 1973 (27 UST 
                1087; TIAS 8429);
                    (H) efforts to support integrated emergency 
                response to identified spillover crises and related 
                threats;
                    (I) protocol development to improve holistic 
                response to and recovery from disease outbreaks in 
                animals, plants, and humans;
                    (J) One Health workforce development to prevent and 
                respond to disease outbreaks and other health threats 
                affecting animals, plants, humans, and the environment;
                    (K) efforts to identify and mitigate dissemination 
                of misinformation and disinformation related to One 
                Health;
                    (L) other efforts to protect the collective health 
                of animals, humans, plants, and the environment, 
                especially those conducted through global 
                collaborations and partnerships;
                    (M) enhanced partnerships with academia to teach 
                plant health and disease surveillance in universities 
                to address workforce gaps; and
                    (N) preparing and equipping health care 
                institutions for managing patients with emerging 
                zoonotic diseases in a safe and equitable manner;
            (5) a description of proposed incentives to encourage 
        national and subnational engagement in One Health Security 
        efforts, particularly community education and mobilization 
        activities and participation in data collection and reporting 
        activities in support of the One Health Security Strategy;
            (6) anticipated measures of success, including benchmarks 
        to monitor progress of short-, medium-, and long-term 
        objectives;
            (7) a description of how the strategy reflects and builds 
        from existing Federal organizational activities, relationships, 
        and capabilities;
            (8) a description of how the strategy addresses gaps, 
        especially those identified in the inventory and capabilities 
        assessment carried out pursuant to section 7(b);
            (9) direction, oversight, and coordination of the One 
        Health Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network; and
            (10) semiannual readiness exercises to test, validate, and 
        improve the emergency response operations of the One Health 
        Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network.

SEC. 6. ADVISORY COMMITTEES.

    (a) Technical Advisory Committee.--
            (1) In general.--The Council shall establish and 
        semiannually convene a Technical Advisory Committee, which 
        shall be composed of United States Government One Health 
        Security experts who represent a variety of sectors, including 
        experts in human, animal, plant and environmental health, 
        conservation, emerging pathogens, and ecology.
            (2) Member selection priorities.--The Council shall 
        prioritize the selection of committee members with existing 
        expertise that will help advance the objectives of the One 
        Health Security Strategy, including experts from academia, 
        nongovernmental organizations, industry, and State, local, 
        territorial, and Tribal governments.
            (3) Guidance.--The Technical Advisory Committee shall 
        provide technical and programmatic guidance to the Council 
        relating to the implementation of One Health Security programs, 
        which shall be included in annual reports that are available to 
        the public.
            (4) Additional recommendations.--In addition to the 
        guidance described in paragraph (3), the Technical Advisory 
        Committee may provide additional recommendations to Congress, 
        Federal agencies, or international organizations that are 
        outside the scope of the Council's responsibilities under this 
        Act.
    (b) Scientific Advisory Committee.--
            (1) In general.--The Council shall establish a standing 
        Scientific Advisory Committee, which shall be composed of 
        global One Health academics based at institutions of higher 
        learning, including--
                    (A) individuals with expertise in human, animal, 
                plant, and environmental health, conservation, and 
                ecology; and
                    (B) experts from foreign countries, as appropriate.
            (2) Member selection priorities.--The Council shall 
        prioritize the selection of committee members with existing 
        expertise that will help advance the objectives of the One 
        Health Security Strategy, including experts from academia, 
        nongovernmental organizations, industry, and State, local, 
        territorial, and tribal governments.
            (3) Guidance.--The Scientific Advisory Committee shall--
                    (A) provide regular updates to the Council 
                regarding recent scientific advances and opportunities;
                    (B) provide scientific guidance to the Council to 
                inform strategic direction;
                    (C) provide scientific guidance to the Task Force 
                for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria regarding 
                the operation of the One Health Security and Pandemic 
                Preparedness Network; and
                    (D) not later than the last day of each fiscal 
                year, submit an annual Spillover Threat Report 
                outlining remedial and corrective actions relevant to 
                the effective operation of the One Health Security 
                System to the Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-
                Resistant Bacteria.

SEC. 7. REPORTS.

    (a) Initial Work Plan.--Not later than 6 months after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Council shall submit the initial 12-
month work plan to--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;
            (2) the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 
        of the Senate;
            (3) the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the 
        Senate;
            (4) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry 
        of the Senate;
            (5) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
        Affairs of the Senate;
            (6) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;
            (7) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (8) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (9) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
        House of Representatives;
            (10) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
        Representatives;
            (11) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (12) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
        Representatives.
    (b) Inventory and Capabilities Assessment.--
            (1) In general.--The Council shall carry out a synthesized 
        inventory and capabilities assessment that includes--
                    (A) an inventory of current One Health Security-
                related activities by each Federal agency;
                    (B) a description of each Federal agency's existing 
                capabilities and authorizations;
                    (C) a description of the interagency collaboration 
                within each participating Federal agency to achieve One 
                Health Security goals; and
                    (D) a collective gap analysis of Federal agency 
                crisis response readiness issues.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Council shall submit a report to the 
        congressional committees listed in subsection (a) that contains 
        the information described in paragraph (1).
    (c) One Health Security Strategy.--Not later than 1 year after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Council shall submit the One 
Health Security Strategy to the congressional committees referred to in 
subsection (a).
    (d) Annual Reports.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Council shall 
submit a report to the congressional committees listed in subsection 
(a) that includes--
            (1) an updated One Health Security Strategy, as 
        appropriate;
            (2) an implementation plan for the upcoming 12-month 
        period;
            (3) a financial report that includes an accounting of funds 
        appropriated to carry out this Act;
            (4) the latest version of the Council's monitoring and 
        evaluation plan;
            (5) a monitoring and evaluation report for the reporting 
        period;
            (6) summaries of the minutes from Council meetings held 
        during the reporting period;
            (7) the status of One Health Security-related activities 
        receiving Federal funding;
            (8) prevailing strategic guidance and priorities;
            (9) an executive summary of the challenges and achievements 
        of the Council during the reporting period;
            (10) a summary of the progress made toward building the One 
        Health Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network in accordance 
        with section 8, including--
                    (A) the total funds appropriated, obligated, and 
                expended to build the One Health Security and Pandemic 
                Preparedness Network;
                    (B) an assessment of the efficacy of One Health 
                Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network programs 
                receiving Federal funding; and
                    (C) other activities undertaken by the One Health 
                Security and Pandemic Preparedness Network;
            (11) a summary of additional personnel hired with funding 
        appropriated pursuant to section 8, disaggregated by Federal 
        agency;
            (12) a description of the partnerships developed with other 
        institutions of higher learning and nongovernmental 
        organizations to carry out the One Health Security Strategy; 
        and
            (13) a copy of the annual Spillover Threat Report prepared 
        by the Scientific Advisory Committee pursuant to section 
        6(b)(3)(D).
    (e) Monitoring and Investigations.--If the Council determines that 
a foreign country or syndicate is engaged in illegal deforestation or 
illegal trade or trafficking of wildlife, or that increasing or 
decreasing existing or potential sanctions or law enforcement actions 
with respect to such country would expedite the achievement of Council 
goals, the Council shall submit a report to the President and Congress 
that describes the evidence supporting such determination, which may 
include recommended sanctions or law enforcement actions against such 
country.
    (f) Dual-Use Research.--Oversight of federally conducted or 
federally supported dual use biomedical research, such as the review of 
policies or frameworks used to assess and appropriately manage safety 
and security risks associated with such research, taking into 
consideration national security concerns, the potential benefits of 
such research, considerations related to the research community, 
transparency, and public availability of information, and international 
research collaboration.
    (g) Public Availability.--All of the reports required under this 
section shall be made available to the public and may include a 
classified annex, as necessary.

SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Startup Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
$55,000,000 to the Office of Management and Budget (referred to in this 
subsection as ``OMB'') for fiscal year 2023, of which--
            (1) $45,000,000 shall be allocated by the Council among the 
        appropriate Federal agencies--
                    (A) to collect key information;
                    (B) to conduct key research; and
                    (C) to initiate other key activities, as determined 
                by the One Health Security Council; and
            (2) $10,000,000 may be used to carry out the internal 
        operations of the Council, including staffing, travel, and 
        other administrative expenses.
    (b) Second-Year Funding.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        $500,000,000 to the OMB for fiscal year 2024. The Council is 
        authorized to allocate such funding among the appropriate 
        Federal agencies to carry the functions of the Council. Of such 
        amounts--
                    (A) 75 percent may be spent for new or expanded One 
                Health Security activities; and
                    (B) 25 percent may be spent to flexibly respond to 
                developing events and fill gaps left by congressional 
                and agency decisions.
            (2) Recommendations.--Not later than September 30, 2023, 
        the Council shall submit a report to the congressional 
        committees listed in section 7(a), the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives that contains 
        recommendations that--
                    (A) describe the optimal allocation of amounts 
                appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1);
                    (B) reflect the Federal agency competencies 
                identified in the inventory and capabilities assessment 
                carried out pursuant to section 7(b), including the 
                utilization of existing bilateral and multilateral 
                mechanisms, as appropriate; and
                    (C) are made in accordance with the decision-making 
                parameters described in section 4(h).
    (c) Ongoing Funding.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated 
        $900,000,000 to the OMB for fiscal year 2025, and for each 
        fiscal year thereafter. The Council is authorized to allocate 
        such funding among the appropriate Federal agencies to carry 
        out the functions of the Council. Of such amounts--
                    (A) $675,000,000 may be expended each fiscal year 
                for new or expanded Global One Health activities; and
                    (B) $225,000,000 may be expended each fiscal year 
                to flexibly respond to developing events and fill gaps 
                left by congressional and agency decisions.
            (2) Recommendations.--Not later than September 30, 2024, 
        and not later than the last day of each subsequent fiscal year, 
        the Council shall submit a report to the congressional 
        committees listed in section 7(a), the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives that contains 
        recommendations describing the optimal allocation of amounts 
        appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) for the following fiscal 
        year.
    (d) Disbursement.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to this section--
            (1) may be disbursed through the appropriate Federal 
        agencies to nongovernmental organizations and international 
        organizations for approved One Health Security activities; or
            (2) may be expended for programs conducted by Federal 
        agencies in accordance with appropriations Acts and the 
        approved One Health Security Strategy.
    (e) Supplement and Not Supplant.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to 
this section shall supplement, and may not supplant, any existing 
funding for global One Health Security-related activities.
    (f) Cross-Cutting Budget Code.--The Director of the OMB, in 
accordance with the guidance received from the Council pursuant to 
section 4(g)(10), shall establish a cross-cutting budget code to 
identify existing and new One Health Security-related activities and 
funding levels by Federal agency.
    (g) Compliance With Recommendations.--Any Federal agency engaged in 
One Health Security-related activities shall--
            (1) comply with Council recommendations when making funding 
        decisions for such activities; and
            (2) use Council recommendations to guide funding decisions 
        pertaining to One Health Security-related activities funded 
        outside of the jurisdiction of the Council.
                                 <all>