Libya Stabilization Act
Bill: H.R.1228 | Sponsor: Rep. Deutch, Theodore E. (D-FL)
Policy area: International Affairs

Summary:
Libya Stabilization Act
This bill provides for sanctions and aid related to the conflict in Libya.
The bill provides statutory authority for an April 19, 2016, executive order imposing property- and visa-blocking sanctions on persons contributing to the violence in Libya.
The President must impose property- and visa-blocking sanctions on any foreign person that (1) knowingly supports or engages in a significant transaction with a foreign person knowingly operating in Libya on behalf of Russia in a military capacity, (2) engages in significant actions threatening peace or stability in Libya, (3) misappropriates Libyan state assets or natural resources, or (4) is knowingly responsible for or complicit in serious human rights abuses in Libya. These sanctions shall expire on December 31, 2026.
Further, the President is authorized to expand educational and cultural exchange programs with Libya.
The bill urges the U.S. Agency for International Development to provide humanitarian assistance to individuals and communities in Libya, including health assistance, food, shelter, and support for an effective COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) response.
The Department of State must work to strengthen Libya's democratic governance, including by providing assistance to (1) unify Libya's financial and governing institutions, and (2) ensure free and credible future elections in Libya.
The Department of the Treasury must vote and argue for international financial institutions to support an economic recovery in Libya that complements the establishment of democratic institutions and rule of law.

To advance a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Libya and support 
                          the people of Libya.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Libya 
Stabilization Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings; statement of policy.
         TITLE I--IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES TO STABILITY IN LIBYA

Sec. 101. Report on activities of certain foreign governments and 
                            actors in Libya.
Sec. 102. Report of Russian activities and objectives in Libya.
Sec. 103. Determination of sanctionable activities of the Libyan 
                            National Army with respect to Syria.
       TITLE II--ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA

Sec. 201. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons leading, directing, 
                            or supporting certain foreign government 
                            involvement in Libya.
Sec. 202. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons threatening the 
                            peace or stability of Libya.
Sec. 203. Sanctions with respect to foreign persons who are responsible 
                            for or complicit in gross violations of 
                            internationally recognized human rights 
                            committed in Libya.
Sec. 204. Sanctions described.
Sec. 205. Waiver.
Sec. 206. Implementation and regulatory authority.
Sec. 207. Exception relating to importation of goods.
Sec. 208. Definitions.
Sec. 209. Suspension of sanctions.
Sec. 210. Sunset.
                    TITLE III--ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA

Sec. 301. Humanitarian relief for the people of Libya and international 
                            refugees and migrants in Libya.
Sec. 302. Support for democratic governance, elections, and civil 
                            society.
Sec. 303. Engaging international financial institutions to advance 
                            Libyan economic recovery and improve public 
                            sector financial management.
Sec. 304. Recovering assets stolen from the Libyan people.
Sec. 305. Authority to expand educational and cultural exchange 
                            programs with Libya.
              TITLE IV--DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS

Sec. 401. Determination of budgetary effects.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The stability and territorial unity of Libya is 
        critical to the security of the United States, Europe, North 
        Africa, and the Sahel, as well as maritime routes in the 
        southern Mediterranean Sea.
            (2) United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) has identified 
        containing instability in Libya as one of its six main lines of 
        effort in Africa and works to support diplomatic efforts to 
        reconstitute the Libyan State and to disrupt terrorist 
        organizations that impede that process or threaten United 
        States interests.
            (3) According to the Defense Intelligence Agency, the 
        Islamic State in Libya (ISIS-Libya) is ``degraded''. However, 
        AFRICOM continues to ``keep pressure on ISIS and other violent 
        extremist organizations as they seek to take advantage of the 
        security vacuum created by the civil war in Libya''.
            (4) According to the United Nations, since April 2019, the 
        conflict in Libya has led to the deaths of more than 500 
        civilians and the displacement of more than 200,000 people.
            (5) Parties to the conflict in Libya have killed civilians, 
        committed torture and abuse, committed mass extrajudicial 
        killings, requisitioned the houses of civilians, targeted 
        medical facilities, and blocked humanitarian access to food, 
        health, and other life-saving services, worsening humanitarian 
        conditions.
            (6) According to the United Nations, as of November 2020, 
        more than 574,000 migrants and refugees remained in Libya and 
        the ``continued arbitrary detention of migrants and refugees in 
        formal detention centers and at informal smuggler sites remains 
        a critical concern in Libya''. Migrants and refugees, including 
        women and children, are routinely subjected to discrimination, 
        arrest, arbitrary detention, torture and other human rights 
        violations and abuses. The United Nations has called for the 
        immediate release, evacuation, and protection of refugees and 
        migrants detained in conflict zones.
            (7) In November 2019, the Government of the National Accord 
        (GNA) and the Government of Turkey signed a Memorandum of 
        Understanding on maritime boundaries in the Mediterranean Sea.
            (8) The Department of State's 2020 Trafficking in Persons 
        Report states with regard to Libya ``Trafficking victims--
        including men, women, and children--are highly vulnerable to 
        extreme violence and other human rights violations in Libya by 
        governmental and non-state armed groups, including: physical, 
        sexual, and verbal assault; abduction for ransom; extortion; 
        arbitrary killings; inhumane detention; and child soldiering. . 
        ..Migrants in Libya are extremely vulnerable to sex and labor 
        trafficking [and . . .] are vulnerable to exploitation by state 
        and non-state actors, including employers who refuse to pay 
        laborers' wages.''.
            (9) A November 2020 Department of Defense Inspector General 
        report estimated there are approximately 2,000 mercenary forces 
        affiliated with the Wagner Group, a Russian private military 
        company, as well as approximately 2,000 Russian-backed Syrian 
        fighters, advanced equipment, and advanced capabilities 
        supporting Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA) and 
        Russian objectives in North Africa.
            (10) The most recent AFRICOM posture statement claims, 
        ``Russia continues to harvest benefits from the instability in 
        Libya--its military meddling has prolonged the conflict and 
        exacerbated casualties and humanitarian suffering.''.
            (11) The Department of Defense Inspector General reported 
        that, ``Turkey has hundreds of regular military personnel 
        deployed to Libya in order to train GNA-aligned militias and to 
        operate Turkish military equipment'' and sent thousands of 
        Syrian mercenaries to Libya in support of the GNA.
            (12) On January 19, 2020, at a peace conference in Berlin, 
        representatives of the Governments of Algeria, China, Egypt, 
        France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Turkey, the Republic of Congo, 
        the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United 
        States, as well as regional and multilateral organizations, 
        agreed to refrain from interference in Libya's internal 
        affairs, abide by the United Nations arms embargo, and advance 
        a 55-point communique to resolve the conflict in Libya.
            (13) On February 13, 2020, the United Nations Security 
        Council adopted Resolution 2510, which endorses the Conclusions 
        of the International Conference on Libya held in Berlin, 
        affirms the need for a lasting ceasefire, demands full 
        compliance by all member states with the United Nations arms 
        embargo, and expresses unequivocal support for the United 
        Nations Special Representative and the ongoing United Nations 
        Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL)-facilitated intra-Libyan 
        dialogue.
            (14) On October 23, 2020, the warring parties in Libya 
        agreed a ceasefire, which called for the withdrawal of all 
        armed forces from conflict lines and the departure of all 
        mercenaries and foreign fighters within three months, and was 
        hailed by United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres as 
        ``a fundamental step toward peace and stability in Libya''.
            (15) On January 19, 2021, United Nations Secretary General 
        Guterres recommended that regional and international powers 
        ensure the ``departure of all foreign fighters and mercenaries 
        from Libya and full and unconditional respect for the Security 
        Council arms embargo'' and urged the Security Council to ``give 
        UNSMIL a clear but flexible mandate to enable the Mission to 
        support the Libyan-led and Libyan-owned ceasefire monitoring 
        mechanism''.
            (16) On January 21, 2021, the United States joined the 
        Governments of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom 
        to remind all Berlin Conference participants of the need to 
        ``continue to support a ceasefire, restore full respect for the 
        UN arms embargo, and end the toxic foreign interference that 
        undermines the aspirations of all Libyans to reestablish their 
        sovereignty and choose their future peacefully through national 
        elections''.
            (17) On March 11, 2021, the United States joined with 
        France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom to welcome 
        Libya's Government of National Unity and reiterate it will 
        ``have the primary tasks of organizing free and fair elections 
        on December 24, 2021, followed by a transfer of authority to 
        Libya's democratically chosen leaders''.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to advance a peaceful resolution to the conflict in 
        Libya through a United Nations-mediated Libyan-led and Libyan-
        owned political process as the best way to secure United States 
        interests and to ensure the sovereignty, independence, 
        territorial integrity, and national unity of Libya;
            (2) to support the implementation of United Nations 
        Security Council Resolutions 1970 (2011) and 1973 (2011), which 
        established an arms embargo on Libya, and subsequent 
        resolutions modifying and extending the embargo;
            (3) to enforce Executive Order 13726 (81 Fed. Reg. 23559; 
        relating to blocking property and suspending entry into the 
        United States of persons contributing to the situation in Libya 
        (April 19, 2016)), designed to target individuals or entities 
        who ``threaten the peace, security, and stability of Libya'';
            (4) to oppose attacks on civilians, medical workers, and 
        critical infrastructure, including water supplies, in Libya, 
        and to support accountability for those engaged in such heinous 
        actions;
            (5) to support Libya's sovereignty, independence, 
        territorial integrity, and national unity consistent with 
        United Nations Security Council Resolution 2510 (2020) and all 
        predecessor resolutions with respect to Libya, including by--
                    (A) taking action to end the violence and flow of 
                arms;
                    (B) rejecting attempts by any party to illicitly 
                export Libya's oil; and
                    (C) urging the withdrawal of foreign military and 
                mercenary forces;
            (6) to leverage diplomatic relations to convince the 
        parties to the conflict in Libya to maintain the current 
        ceasefire and persuade foreign powers to stop providing 
        personnel, including mercenaries, weapons, and financing that 
        threaten to reignite the conflict;
            (7) to support the Libyan Political Dialogue and advance 
        the inclusive Libyan-led and Libyan-owned political process, 
        including elections planned for December 2021;
            (8) to support a negotiated and peaceful political solution 
        that includes a single, unified, inclusive, and effective 
        Libyan Government approved by the Libyan House of 
        Representatives, the end of a transitional period achieved 
        through free, fair, inclusive, and credible elections planned 
        for December 2021, a fair and transparent allocation of 
        resources, interim security arrangements, and a process for the 
        reunification of Libyan government ministries and Libyan 
        sovereign institutions, including the Central Bank of Libya, 
        the National Oil Corporation, and the Libyan Investment 
        Authority;
            (9) to help protect Libya's civilian population and 
        implementing humanitarian and international organizations from 
        the risk of harm resulting from explosive hazards such as 
        landmines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and unexploded 
        ordnance (UXO);
            (10) to support constant, unimpeded, and reliable 
        humanitarian access to those in need and to hold accountable 
        those who impede or threaten the delivery of humanitarian 
        assistance;
            (11) to seek to bring an end to severe forms of trafficking 
        in persons such as slavery, forced labor, and sexual 
        exploitation, including with respect to migrants;
            (12) to advocate for the immediate release and safe 
        evacuations of detained refugees and migrants trapped by the 
        fighting in Libya;
            (13) to encourage implementation of UNSMIL's plan for the 
        organized and gradual closure of migrant detention centers in 
        Libya;
            (14) to support greater defense institutional capacity 
        building after a comprehensive political settlement;
            (15) to support current and future democratic and economic 
        development; and
            (16) to discourage all parties from heightening tensions in 
        the region, through unhelpful and provocative actions.

         TITLE I--IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES TO STABILITY IN LIBYA

SEC. 101. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS AND 
              ACTORS IN LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes--
            (1) a description of the full extent of involvement in 
        Libya by foreign governments, including the Governments of 
        Russia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, 
        China, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, including--
                    (A) a description of which governments have been 
                linked to drone and aircraft strikes since April 2019;
                    (B) a list of the types and estimated amounts of 
                equipment transferred by each government described in 
                this paragraph to the parties to the conflict, 
                including foreign military contractors, mercenaries, or 
                paramilitary forces operating in Libya;
                    (C) an estimate of the financial support provided 
                by each government described in this paragraph to the 
                parties to the conflict, including foreign military 
                contractors, mercenaries, or paramilitary forces 
                operating in Libya; and
                    (D) a description of the activities of any regular, 
                irregular, or paramilitary forces, including foreign 
                military contractors, mercenary groups, and militias 
                operating inside Libya, at the direction or with the 
                consent of the governments described in this paragraph;
            (2) an analysis and determination of whether the actions by 
        the governments described in paragraph (1) violate the arms 
        embargo with respect to Libya under United Nations Security 
        Council Resolution 2473 (2019) and other relevant Security 
        Council resolutions;
            (3) a list of the specific offending materiel or financial 
        support transfers provided by a government described in 
        paragraph (1) that--
                    (A) violate the arms embargo with respect to Libya 
                under United Nations Security Council Resolution 2473 
                (2019) and other relevant Security Council resolutions;
                    (B) contribute to civilian death, harm, or other 
                violations of international humanitarian law; or
                    (C) involve weapons of United States origin or were 
                in violation of United States end user agreements;
            (4) a description of the activities of affiliates of ISIS, 
        al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and Ansar al-Sharia, in 
        Libya;
            (5) a description of efforts by the European Union, North 
        Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Arab League, and 
        their respective member states, to--
                    (A) enforce the arms embargo with respect to Libya 
                under United Nations Security Council Resolution 2473 
                (2019) and other relevant Security Council resolutions;
                    (B) facilitate a ceasefire;
                    (C) monitor a ceasefire; and
                    (D) support forthcoming elections;
            (6) a description of any violations of the arms embargo by 
        European Union member states; and
            (7) a description of United States diplomatic engagement 
        with the European Union, NATO, and the Arab League regarding 
        enforcement of the United Nations arms embargo, ceasefire 
        monitoring, and election support.
    (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted 
in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Permanent 
        Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
        Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Select 
        Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

SEC. 102. REPORT OF RUSSIAN ACTIVITIES AND OBJECTIVES IN LIBYA.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) General Stephen Townsend, Commander of United States 
        Africa Command (AFRICOM), warned in January 2020 that in Libya, 
        Russia seeks to ``demonstrate itself as an alternative partner 
        to the West'' and seeks to position itself alongside the 
        southern flank of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
        (NATO).
            (2) AFRICOM has also stated that the Russian military 
        presence in Libya threatens future United States military 
        partnerships and counterterrorism cooperation by impeding 
        United States access to Libya.
            (3) AFRICOM has reported that the Government of Russia 
        deployed 14 MiG-29 and Su-24 aircraft, SA-22 air defense 
        equipment, and mine-resistant ambush protected armored vehicles 
        to Libya to support Russian state-sponsored private military 
        contractors, including the Wagner Group.
            (4) In January 2021, United States officials told the 
        international press that mercenaries affiliated with the Wagner 
        Group were constructing sophisticated defensive fortifications 
        in central Libya.
    (b) Report.--
            (1) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to 
        the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
        Senate a report that contains an assessment of Russian 
        activities and objectives in Libya, including--
                    (A) the potential threat such activities pose to 
                the United States, southern Europe, NATO, and partners 
                in the Mediterranean Sea and North African region;
                    (B) the direct role of Russia in Libyan financial 
                affairs, to include issuing and printing currency;
                    (C) Russia's use of mercenaries, military 
                contractors, equipment, and paramilitary forces in 
                Libya; and
                    (D) an assessment of sanctions and other policies 
                adopted by United States partners and allies against 
                the Wagner Group and its destabilizing activities in 
                Libya, including sanctions on Yevgeny Prigozhin.
            (2) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.

SEC. 103. DETERMINATION OF SANCTIONABLE ACTIVITIES OF THE LIBYAN 
              NATIONAL ARMY WITH RESPECT TO SYRIA.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the President shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate a list of members of the Libyan National Army (LNA), and 
details of their activities, that the President determines are 
knowingly responsible for sanctionable offenses pursuant to--
            (1) section 7412 of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection 
        Act of 2019 (22 U.S.C. 8791 note; 133 Stat. 2292); or
            (2) Executive Order 13582 (76 Fed. Reg. 52209; relating to 
        blocking property of the Government of Syria and prohibiting 
        certain transactions with respect to Syria (August 17, 2011)).

       TITLE II--ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA

SEC. 201. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PERSONS LEADING, DIRECTING, 
              OR SUPPORTING CERTAIN FOREIGN GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN 
              LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall impose each of the sanctions 
described in section 204 with respect to each foreign person who the 
President determines knowingly engages in an activity described in 
subsection (b).
    (b) Activities Described.--A foreign person engages in an activity 
described in this subsection if the person leads, directs, or provides 
significant financial, material, or technological support to, or 
knowingly engages in a significant transaction with, a non-Libyan 
foreign person who is--
            (1) in Libya in a military or commercial capacity as a 
        military contractor, mercenary, or part of a paramilitary 
        force; and
            (2) engaged in significant actions that threaten the peace, 
        security, or stability of Libya.

SEC. 202. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PERSONS THREATENING THE 
              PEACE OR STABILITY OF LIBYA.

    (a) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President shall impose each of 
the sanctions described in section 204 with respect to each foreign 
person on the list required by subsection (b).
    (b) List.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a list of--
            (1) foreign persons, including senior government officials, 
        militia leaders, paramilitary leaders, and other persons who 
        provide significant support to militia or paramilitary groups 
        in Libya, that the President determines are knowingly--
                    (A) engaged in significant actions or policies that 
                threaten the peace, security, or stability of Libya, 
                including any supply of arms or related materiel in 
                violation of a United Nations Security Council 
                resolution with respect to Libya;
                    (B) engaged in significant actions or policies that 
                obstruct, undermine, delay, or impede, or pose a 
                significant risk of obstructing, undermining, delaying, 
                or impeding the United Nations-mediated political 
                process that seeks a negotiated and peaceful solution 
                to the Libyan crisis;
                    (C) engaged in significant actions that may lead to 
                or result in the misappropriation of significant state 
                assets of Libya;
                    (D) involved in, or has been involved in, the 
                significant illicit exploitation of crude oil or any 
                other natural resources in Libya, including the 
                significant illicit production, refining, brokering, 
                sale, purchase, or export of Libyan oil;
                    (E) significantly threatening or coercing Libyan 
                state financial institutions or the Libyan National Oil 
                Company; or
                    (F) significantly responsible for actions or 
                policies that are intended to undermine efforts to 
                promote stabilization and economic recovery in Libya;
            (2) foreign persons who the President determines are 
        successor entities to persons referred to in subparagraphs (A) 
        through (F) of paragraph (1); and
            (3) foreign persons who the President determines--
                    (A) own or control, or are owned or controlled by, 
                a person referred to in any of subparagraphs (A) 
                through (F) of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2); and
                    (B) have provided, or attempted to provide, 
                significant financial, material, technological, or 
                other support for, or goods or services in support of, 
                a person referred to in any of subparagraphs (A) 
                through (F) of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) for 
                purposes of engaging in any activity listed in such 
                subparagraphs (A) through (F) of paragraph (1).
            (4) Updates of list.--The President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees an updated list under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act and annually thereafter for a 
                period of 5 years; or
                    (B) as new information becomes available.
            (5) Form.--The list required by paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

SEC. 203. SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FOREIGN PERSONS WHO ARE RESPONSIBLE 
              FOR OR COMPLICIT IN GROSS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONALLY 
              RECOGNIZED HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTED IN LIBYA.

    (a) Imposition of Sanctions.--The President shall impose each of 
the sanctions described in section 204 with respect to each foreign 
person on the list required by subsection (b).
    (b) List of Persons.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a list of foreign persons, 
        including senior government officials, militia leaders, 
        paramilitary leaders, and other persons who provide significant 
        support to militia or paramilitary groups in Libya, that the 
        President determines are knowingly responsible for or complicit 
        in, or have directly or indirectly engaged in, gross violations 
        of internationally recognized human rights committed in Libya.
            (2) Updates of list.--The President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees an updated list under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act and annually thereafter for a 
                period of 5 years; or
                    (B) as new information becomes available.
            (3) Form.--The list required by paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified 
        annex.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

SEC. 204. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.

    (a) Sanctions Described.--The sanctions to be imposed with respect 
to a foreign person under section 201, 202, or 203 are the following:
            (1) Blocking of property.--The President shall exercise all 
        of the powers granted to the President by the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except 
        that the requirements of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1701) shall not apply) to the extent necessary to block and 
        prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property 
        of the person if such property and interests in property are in 
        the United States, come within the United States, or are or 
        come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.
            (2) Inadmissibility of certain individuals.--
                    (A) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or 
                parole.--A foreign person who meets any of the criteria 
                described section 201, 202, or 203 is--
                            (i) inadmissible to the United States;
                            (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
                        documentation to enter the United States; and
                            (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
                        or paroled into the United States or to receive 
                        any other benefit under the Immigration and 
                        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
                    (B) Current visas revoked.--A foreign person 
                subject to section 201, 202, or 203 is subject to the 
                following:
                            (i) Revocation of any visa or other entry 
                        documentation regardless of when the visa or 
                        other entry documentation is or was issued.
                            (ii) A revocation under clause (i) shall--
                                    (I) take effect immediately; and
                                    (II) automatically cancel any other 
                                valid visa or entry documentation that 
                                is in the foreign person's possession.
    (b) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in subsections (b) and 
(c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act 
(50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to a person who violates, attempts to 
violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of regulations 
issued under section 206(2) of this Act to carry out subsection (a)(1) 
to the same extent that such penalties apply to a person who commits an 
unlawful act described in section 206(a) of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act.
    (c) Exception.--Sanctions under subsection (a)(2) shall not apply 
to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States 
is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement 
regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake 
Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, 
between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable 
international obligations of the United States.
    (d) Exception To Comply With National Security.--The following 
activities shall be exempt from sanctions under this section:
            (1) Activities subject to the reporting requirements under 
        title V of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et 
        seq.).
            (2) Any authorized intelligence or law enforcement 
        activities of the United States.

SEC. 205. WAIVER.

    (a) In General.--The President may waive, for one or more periods 
not to exceed 90 days, the application of sanctions imposed on a 
foreign person under this title if the President--
            (1) determines that such a waiver is in the national 
        interest of the United States; and
            (2) not later than the date on which such waiver will take 
        effect, submits to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        notice of and justification for such waiver.
    (b) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate.

SEC. 206. IMPLEMENTATION AND REGULATORY AUTHORITY.

    The President--
            (1) is authorized to exercise all authorities provided to 
        the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to 
        carry out this title; and
            (2) shall issue such regulations, licenses, and orders as 
        are necessary to carry out this title.

SEC. 207. EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF GOODS.

    (a) In General.--The authorities and requirements to impose 
sanctions under this title shall not include the authority or 
requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
    (b) Good Defined.--In this section, the term ``good'' means any 
article, natural or man-made substance, material, supply or 
manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment and 
excluding technical data.

SEC. 208. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Admitted; alien.--The terms ``admitted'' and ``alien'' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
            (2) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means an 
        individual or entity who is not a United States person.
            (3) Foreign government.--The term ``foreign government'' 
        means any government of a country other than the United States.
            (4) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'' with respect to 
        conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has 
        actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
        circumstance, or the result.
            (5) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) an individual who is a United States citizen or 
                an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to 
                the United States;
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; 
                or
                    (C) any person in the United States.
            (6) Gross violations of internationally recognized human 
        rights.--The term ``gross violations of internationally 
        recognized human rights'' has the meaning given such term in 
        section 502B(d)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2304(d)(1)).

SEC. 209. SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.

    (a) In General.--The President may suspend in whole or in part the 
imposition of sanctions otherwise required under this title for periods 
not to exceed 90 days if the President determines that the parties to 
the conflict in Libya have agreed to and are upholding a sustainable, 
good-faith ceasefire in support of a lasting political solution in 
Libya.
    (b) Notification Required.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
on which the President makes a determination to suspend the imposition 
of sanctions as described in subsection (a), the President shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a notification of the 
determination.
    (c) Reimposition of Sanctions.--Any sanctions suspended under 
subsection (a) shall be reimposed if the President determines that the 
criteria described in that subsection are no longer being met.

SEC. 210. SUNSET.

    The requirement to impose sanctions under this title shall cease to 
be effective on December 31, 2026.

                    TITLE III--ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA

SEC. 301. HUMANITARIAN RELIEF FOR THE PEOPLE OF LIBYA AND INTERNATIONAL 
              REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS IN LIBYA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States Government should--
                    (A) continue senior-level efforts to address 
                Libya's humanitarian crisis, which has been exacerbated 
                by the conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic;
                    (B) leverage diplomatic relations with the warring 
                parties to guarantee constant, reliable humanitarian 
                access by frontline providers in Libya;
                    (C) leverage diplomatic relations with the warring 
                parties, the United Nations, and the European Union to 
                encourage the voluntary safe passage of detained 
                vulnerable migrants and refugees from the conflict 
                zones in Libya; and
                    (D) support efforts to document and publicize gross 
                violations of internationally recognized human rights 
                and international humanitarian law, including efforts 
                related to severe forms of trafficking in persons such 
                as slavery, forced labor, and sexual exploitation, and 
                hold perpetrators accountable; and
            (2) humanitarian assistance to address the crisis in Libya 
        should be targeted toward those most in need and delivered 
        through partners that uphold internationally recognized 
        humanitarian principles, with robust monitoring to ensure 
        assistance is reaching intended beneficiaries.
    (b) Assistance Authorized.--The Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, in coordination with the 
Secretary of State, should continue to support humanitarian assistance 
to individuals and communities in Libya, including--
            (1) health assistance, including logistical and technical 
        assistance to hospitals, ambulances, and health clinics in 
        affected communities, including migrant communities, and 
        provision of basic public health commodities, including support 
        for an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic;
            (2) services, such as medicines and medical supplies and 
        equipment;
            (3) assistance to provide--
                    (A) protection, food, and shelter, including to 
                migrant communities;
                    (B) water, sanitation, and hygiene (commonly 
                referred to as ``WASH''); and
                    (C) resources and training to increase 
                communications and education to help communities slow 
                the spread of COVID-19 and to increase future vaccine 
                acceptance; and
            (4) technical assistance to ensure health, food, and 
        commodities are appropriately selected, procured, targeted, 
        monitored, and distributed.
    (c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
strategy on the following:
            (1) How the United States, working with relevant foreign 
        governments and multilateral organizations, plans to address 
        the humanitarian situation in Libya.
            (2) Diplomatic efforts by the United States to encourage 
        strategic burden-sharing and the coordination of donations with 
        international donors, including foreign governments and 
        multilateral organizations to advance the provision of 
        humanitarian assistance to the people of Libya and 
        international migrants and refugees in Libya.
            (3) How to address humanitarian access challenges and 
        ensure protection for vulnerable refugees and migrants, 
        including protection from severe forms of trafficking in 
        persons such as slavery, forced labor, and sexual exploitation.
            (4) How the United States is mitigating risk, utilizing 
        third party monitors, and ensuring effective delivery of 
        assistance.
            (5) How to address the tragic and persistent deaths of 
        migrants and refugees at sea and human trafficking.
    (d) Integration of Department of State-led Stabilization Efforts.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that 
        the Secretary of State, working with United States allies, 
        international organizations, and implementing partners, 
        including local implementing partners, to the extent 
        practicable, should continue coordinated international 
        stabilization efforts in Libya to--
                    (A) build up the capacity of implementers and 
                national mine action authorities engaged in 
                conventional weapons destruction efforts and mine risk 
                education training and programs; and
                    (B) conduct operational clearance of explosive 
                remnants of war resulting from the 2011 revolution and 
                current military conflict in Libya, including in 
                territory previously occupied by ISIS-Libya, and 
                particularly in areas where unexploded ordnance, booby 
                traps, and anti-personnel and anti-vehicle mines 
                contaminate areas of critical infrastructure and large 
                housing districts posing a risk of civilian casualties.
            (2) In general.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
        humanitarian assistance authorized under subsection (b) and the 
        strategy required by subsection (c) shall take into account and 
        integrate Department of State-led stabilization efforts--
                    (A) to address--
                            (i) contamination from landmines and other 
                        explosive remnants of war left from the 2011 
                        revolution and current military conflict in 
                        Libya, including in territory previously 
                        occupied by ISIS-Libya; and
                            (ii) proliferation of illicit small arms 
                        and light weapons resulting from such conflict 
                        and the destabilizing impact the proliferation 
                        of such weapons has in Libya and neighboring 
                        countries; and
                    (B) to mitigate the threat that destruction of 
                conventional weapons poses to development, the delivery 
                of humanitarian assistance, and the safe and secure 
                return of internally displaced persons.
    (e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate.

SEC. 302. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE, ELECTIONS, AND CIVIL 
              SOCIETY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of State shall coordinate United 
States Government efforts to--
            (1) work with the United Nations Support Mission in Libya 
        and the transitional Government of National Unity in Libya to 
        prepare for national elections in December 2021, as called for 
        by the Libyan Political Dialogue, and a subsequent political 
        transition;
            (2) support efforts to resolve the current civil conflict 
        in Libya;
            (3) work to help the people of Libya and a future Libyan 
        government develop functioning, unified Libyan economic, 
        security, and governing institutions;
            (4) work to ensure free, fair, inclusive, and credible 
        elections in December 2021 organized by an independent and 
        effective High National Elections Commission in Libya, 
        including through supporting electoral security and 
        international election observation and by providing training 
        and technical assistance to institutions with election-related 
        responsibilities, as appropriate;
            (5) work with the people of Libya, nongovernmental 
        organizations, and Libyan institutions to strengthen democratic 
        governance, reinforce civilian institutions and support 
        decentralization in order to address community grievances, 
        promote social cohesion, mitigate drivers of violent extremism, 
        and help communities recover from Islamic State occupation;
            (6) defend against gross violations of internationally 
        recognized human rights in Libya, including by supporting 
        efforts to document such violations;
            (7) to combat corruption and improve the transparency and 
        accountability of Libyan government institutions; and
            (8) to support the efforts of independent media outlets to 
        broadcast, distribute, and share information with the Libyan 
        people.
    (b) Risk Mitigation and Assistance Monitoring.--The Secretary of 
State and Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development shall ensure that appropriate steps are taken to mitigate 
risk of diversion of assistance for Libya and ensure reliable third-
party monitoring is utilized for projects in Libya that United States 
Government personnel are unable to access and monitor.
    (c) Report.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after enactment of 
        this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report on the activities carried out under 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
        $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022 to carry out subsection (a).
            (2) Notification requirements.--Any expenditure of amounts 
        made available to carry out subsection (a) shall be subject to 
        the notification requirements applicable to--
                    (A) expenditures from the Economic Support Fund 
                under section 531(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
                1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346(c)); and
                    (B) expenditures from the Development Assistance 
                Fund under section 653(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act 
                of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2413(a)).

SEC. 303. ENGAGING INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO ADVANCE 
              LIBYAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND IMPROVE PUBLIC SECTOR 
              FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the 
United States Executive Director at each international financial 
institution to use the voice, vote, and influence of the United States 
to support, in a way that is consistent with broader United States 
national interests, a Libyan-led process to develop a framework for the 
economic recovery of Libya and improved public sector financial 
management, complementary to United Nations-led peace efforts and in 
support of the future establishment of a sovereign state with 
democratic institutions and the rule of law in Libya.
    (b) Additional Elements.--To the extent consistent with broader 
United States national interests, the framework described in subsection 
(a) shall include the following policy proposals:
            (1) To restore, respect, and safeguard the integrity, 
        unity, and lawful governance of Libya's key economic ministries 
        and institutions, in particular the Central Bank of Libya, the 
        Libya Investment Authority, the National Oil Corporation, and 
        the Audit Bureau (AB).
            (2) To improve the accountability and effectiveness of 
        Libyan authorities, including sovereign economic institutions, 
        in providing services and opportunity to the Libyan people.
            (3) To assist in improving public financial management and 
        reconciling the public accounts of national financial 
        institutions and letters of credit issued by private Libyan 
        financial institutions as needed pursuant to a political 
        process.
            (4) To restore the production, efficient management, and 
        development of Libya's oil and gas industries so such 
        industries are resilient against malign foreign influence and 
        can generate prosperity on behalf of the Libyan people.
            (5) To promote the development of private sector 
        enterprise.
            (6) To improve the transparency and accountability of 
        public sector employment and wage distribution.
            (7) To strengthen supervision of and reform of Libyan 
        financial institutions.
            (8) To eliminate exploitation of price controls and market 
        distorting subsidies in the Libyan economy.
            (9) To support opportunities for United States businesses.
    (c) Consultation.--In supporting the framework described in 
subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United 
States Executive Director at each international financial institution 
to encourage the institution to consult with relevant stakeholders in 
the financial, governance, and energy sectors.
    (d) Definition of International Financial Institution.--In this 
section, the term ``international financial institution'' means the 
International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 
International Development Association, International Finance 
Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, African 
Development Bank, African Development Fund, Asian Development Bank, 
Inter-American Development Bank, Bank for Economic Cooperation and 
Development in the Middle East and North Africa, and Inter-American 
Investment Corporation.
    (e) Termination.--The requirements of this section shall cease to 
be effective on December 31, 2026.

SEC. 304. RECOVERING ASSETS STOLEN FROM THE LIBYAN PEOPLE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Attorney 
General should, to the extent practicable, advance a coordinated 
international effort--
            (1) to carry out special financial investigations to 
        identify and track assets taken from the people and 
        institutions of Libya through theft, corruption, money 
        laundering, or other illicit means; and
            (2) to work with foreign governments--
                    (A) to share financial investigations intelligence, 
                as appropriate;
                    (B) to oversee the assets identified pursuant to 
                paragraph (1); and
                    (C) to provide technical assistance to help 
                governments establish the necessary legal framework to 
                carry out asset forfeitures.
    (b) Additional Elements.--The coordinated international effort 
described in subsection (a) should include input from--
            (1) the Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes 
        of the Department of the Treasury;
            (2) the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the 
        Department of the Treasury; and
            (3) the Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section of the 
        Department of Justice.

SEC. 305. AUTHORITY TO EXPAND EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE 
              PROGRAMS WITH LIBYA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United 
States should expand educational and cultural exchange programs with 
Libya to promote mutual understanding and people-to-people linkages 
between the United States and Libya.
    (b) Authority.--The President is authorized to expand educational 
and cultural exchange programs with Libya, including programs carried 
out under the following:
            (1) The J. William Fulbright Educational Exchange Program 
        referred to in paragraph (1) of section 112(a) of the Mutual 
        Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
        2460(a)).
            (2) The International Visitors Program referred to in 
        paragraph (3) of such section.
            (3) The U.S.-Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) 
        Student Leaders Program.
            (4) The Youth Exchange and Study Program.
            (5) Other related programs administered by the Department 
        of State.

              TITLE IV--DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS

SEC. 401. DETERMINATION OF BUDGETARY EFFECTS.

    The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of complying 
with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010, shall be determined by 
reference to the latest statement titled ``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO 
Legislation'' for this Act, submitted for printing in the Congressional 
Record by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, 


              

provided that such statement has been submitted prior to the vote on 
passage.

            Passed the House of Representatives September 28, 2021.

            Attest:

                                             CHERYL L. JOHNSON,

                                                                 Clerk.