Libya Stabilization Act
Bill: S.379 | Sponsor: Sen. Coons, Christopher A. (D-DE)
Policy area: International Affairs

Summary:
Libya Stabilization Act
This bill provides for sanctions and aid related to the conflict in Libya.
The bill provides statutory authority for an April 19, 2016, executive order imposing property- and visa-blocking sanctions on persons contributing to the violence in Libya.
The President must impose property- and visa-blocking sanctions on any foreign person that (1) knowingly supports or engages in a significant transaction with a foreign person knowingly operating in Libya on behalf of Russia in a military capacity, (2) engages in significant actions threatening peace or stability in Libya, (3) misappropriates Libyan state assets or natural resources, or (4) is knowingly responsible for or complicit in serious human rights abuses in Libya. These sanctions shall expire on December 31, 2026.
The bill authorizes the U.S. Agency for International Development to provide humanitarian assistance to individuals and communities in Libya, including health assistance, food, shelter, and support for an effective COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) response.
The Department of State must work to strengthen Libya's democratic governance, including by providing assistance to (1) unify Libya's financial and governing institutions, and (2) ensure free and credible future elections in Libya.
The Department of the Treasury must vote and argue for international financial institutions to support an economic recovery in Libya that complements the establishment of democratic institutions and rule of law.

To advance a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Libya and support 
                          the people of Libya.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Libya 
Stabilization Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings; statement of policy.
         TITLE I--IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES TO STABILITY IN LIBYA

Sec. 101. Codification of Executive Order 13726.
Sec. 102. Report on activities of certain foreign governments and 
                            actors in Libya.
Sec. 103. Strategy to counter Russian influence in Libya.
       TITLE II--ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA

Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons supporting 
                            Russian military intervention in Libya.
Sec. 203. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons threatening 
                            the peace or stability of Libya.
Sec. 204. Imposition of sanctions with respect to certain persons who 
                            are responsible for or complicit in human 
                            rights abuses committed in Libya.
Sec. 205. Sanctions described.
Sec. 206. Waiver; exceptions.
Sec. 207. Implementation; regulations; penalties.
Sec. 208. Termination.
                    TITLE III--ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA

Sec. 301. Humanitarian relief for the people of Libya and international 
                            refugees and migrants in Libya.
Sec. 302. Support for democratic governance, elections, and democratic 
                            civil society.
Sec. 303. Engaging international financial institutions to advance 
                            Libyan economic recovery and improve public 
                            sector financial management.
Sec. 304. Recovering assets stolen from the Libyan people.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The stability and territorial unity of Libya is 
        critical to the security of the United States, Europe, North 
        Africa, and the Sahel, as well as maritime routes in the 
        southern Mediterranean Sea.
            (2) AFRICOM has identified containing instability in Libya 
        as one of its six main lines of effort in Africa and works to 
        support diplomatic efforts to reconstitute the Libyan state and 
        to disrupt terrorist organizations that impede that process or 
        threaten United States interests.
            (3) On April 4, 2019, Khalifa Haftar, the commander of the 
        Libyan Arab Armed Forces/Libyan National Army (LAAF/LNA) 
        movement, ordered forces loyal to him to begin a unilateral 
        military operation to take control of Tripoli, the capital of 
        Libya and seat of the Government of National Accord (GNA), an 
        interim body that emerged from previous United Nations-backed 
        negotiations which the United States Government and United 
        Nations Security Council have recognized since 2015.
            (4) Although the LAAF/LNA movement initiated the offensive, 
        all parties to the conflict and their associated forces have 
        since April 2019 failed to observe their obligations under 
        international humanitarian law and increased the geographic 
        scope of the conflict, including by using heavy weapons, 
        aircraft, and armed drones provided by foreign powers in 
        violation of the United Nations arms embargo. Foreign 
        mercenaries have reportedly also participated in the conflict.
            (5) In November 2019, the GNA and the Government of Turkey 
        signed a Memorandum of Understanding on maritime boundaries in 
        the Mediterranean Sea, which was opposed by European Union 
        member states and other countries in the region.
            (6) On January 19, 2020, at a peace conference in Berlin, 
        representatives of the Governments of Algeria, China, Egypt, 
        France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Turkey, the Republic of Congo, 
        the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United 
        States, as well as regional and multilateral organizations, 
        agreed to refrain from interference in Libya's internal 
        affairs, abide by the United Nations arms embargo, and advance 
        a 55-point communique to resolve the conflict in Libya.
            (7) On January 30, 2020, then-United Nations Special 
        Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) Ghassan Salame 
        asserted that ``the warring parties have continued to receive a 
        sizable amount of advanced equipment, fighters, and advisors 
        from foreign sponsors, in brazen violation of the UN arms 
        embargo as well as of the pledges made by representatives of 
        these countries in Berlin''.
            (8) On February 12, 2020, the United States Assistant 
        Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs testified before 
        the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, ``The task of 
        bringing the Libyans back to the negotiating table has been 
        complicated by the involvement of external actors. Libya is not 
        the place for Russian mercenaries, or fighters from Syria, 
        Chad, and Sudan. It is not the place for the Emiratis, 
        Russians, or Turks to be fighting battles on the ground through 
        intermediaries they sponsor or support with sophisticated and 
        deadly equipment in pursuit of their own agendas.''.
            (9) On September 2, 2020, Acting SRSG Stephanie Williams 
        described to the United Nations Security Council cargo 
        shipments and dozens of military resupply flights to the LAAF/
        LNA and the GNA as ``an alarming breach of Libya's sovereignty, 
        a blatant violation of the UN arms embargo, not to mention the 
        commitments undertaken by the Berlin conference participants''.
            (10) On October 23, 2020, conflict parties in Libya agreed 
        to a United Nations-facilitated ceasefire which called for all 
        military units and armed groups on the front lines to return to 
        their camps, all mercenaries and foreign fighters to depart 
        from Libyan territory, and all military agreements on training 
        be suspended within three months of the ceasefire's signing. 
        Ceasefire enforcement is historically difficult in Libya, and 
        as of February 2021, mercenaries, foreign fighters, and foreign 
        militaries remained active there. On February 4, 2021, the 
        United Nations Security Council requested an advance team be 
        sent to Libya as a first step to sending monitors to observe 
        the ceasefire.
            (11) On November 13, 2020, UNSMIL announced that national 
        elections in Libya are scheduled to take place on December 24, 
        2021. On January 20, 2021, Libyan leaders agreed to hold a 
        constitutional referendum prior to the December 2021 election. 
        On February 5, 2021, the 74-member United Nations-led Libyan 
        Political Dialogue Forum reached an agreement on a unified 
        interim Libyan executive to lead the country to national 
        elections on December 24, 2021.
            (12) According to the United Nations, since the LNA 
        movement offensive began in April 2019, the conflict in Libya 
        has led to the deaths of more than 400 civilians and the 
        displacement of more than 200,000 people.
            (13) Parties to the conflict in Libya have killed 
        civilians, committed torture and abuse, committed mass 
        extrajudicial killings, requisitioned the houses of civilians, 
        targeted medical facilities, and blocked humanitarian access to 
        food, health, and other life-saving services, worsening 
        humanitarian conditions.
            (14) According to the United Nations Office for the 
        Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, as of December 2020, more 
        than 574,000 migrants and refugees remained in Libya and 
        ``continue to be at risk of killing, torture, arbitrary 
        detention, rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based 
        violence, forced labor, extortion and exploitation''. Among 
        these, between 1,000 and 3,000 migrants and refugees are held 
        in official detention centers and ``many other migrants and 
        refugees are believed to be held at other sites run by militias 
        and trafficking groups''.
            (15) On January 19, 2021, at least 43 migrants died in a 
        shipwreck off of Libya's coast, highlighting the vulnerable 
        position of non-Libyan migrants who are either subject to 
        detention and abuses in Libya or are forced to undertake unsafe 
        attempts to reach Europe. More than 100 migrants drowned in 
        2020 and nearly 100 have drowned since January 2021 in the 
        Mediterranean.
            (16) On January 21, 2021, the United States joined the 
        Governments of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom 
        to remind all Berlin Conference participants of the need to 
        ``continue to support a ceasefire, restore full respect for the 
        UN arms embargo, and end the toxic foreign interference that 
        undermines the aspirations of all Libyans to reestablish their 
        sovereignty and choose their future peacefully through national 
        elections''.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to engage regularly at the senior-most levels and 
        assert there is no military solution to the conflict in Libya 
        and that only a political process can secure United States 
        interests, ensure a stable and unified Libya, reduce the threat 
        of terrorism, and provide peace and opportunity to the people 
        of Libya;
            (2) to support the implementation of United Nations 
        Security Council Resolutions 1970 (2011) and 1973 (2011), which 
        established an arms embargo on Libya, and subsequent 
        resolutions modifying and extending the embargo;
            (3) to support the implementation of United Nations 
        Security Council Resolutions 2146 (2014) and 2362 (2017), which 
        condemn attempts to illicitly export petroleum and refined 
        petroleum products from Libya, including by parallel 
        institutions which are not acting under the authority of the 
        Government of National Accord;
            (4) to promote unified and effective Libyan oversight over 
        the Libyan National Oil Corporation, the Central Bank of Libya, 
        and the Libyan Investment Authority;
            (5) to enforce Executive Order 13726 (81 Fed. Reg. 23559; 
        relating to blocking property and suspending entry into the 
        United States of persons contributing to the situation in Libya 
        (April 19, 2016)), designed to target individuals or entities 
        who ``threaten the peace, security, and stability of Libya'';
            (6) to employ sanctions and support war-crimes prosecution, 
        against any and all parties engaging in attacks on civilians, 
        medical workers, and critical infrastructure, including water 
        supplies, in Libya;
            (7) to contribute to the peace and stability of Libya, 
        prevent destabilizing arms shipments, and support efforts to 
        safeguard Libya's oil resources in accordance with United 
        Nations Security Council Resolutions 2259 (2015), 2278 (2016), 
        2362 (2017), and 2473 (2019);
            (8) to leverage diplomatic relations to convince the 
        parties to the conflict in Libya to de-escalate and persuade 
        foreign powers to stop providing weapons and financing that 
        exacerbate the conflict;
            (9) to encourage the parties to continue to engage in the 
        political process led by UNSMIL;
            (10) to support the United Nations-mediated political 
        process, which seeks a negotiated and peaceful solution to the 
        Libyan crisis;
            (11) that a negotiated and peaceful political solution 
        should include a transitional, civilian-led government 
        representing all Libyans, preparations for credible elections, 
        a fair and transparent allocation of resources, interim 
        security arrangements, and a process to reunify security and 
        economic institutions;
            (12) to support constant, unimpeded, and reliable 
        humanitarian access to those in need and to hold accountable 
        those who impede or threaten the delivery of humanitarian 
        assistance;
            (13) to advocate for the immediate release and safe 
        evacuations of detained refugees and migrants threatened by 
        conflict in Libya;
            (14) to assist implementation of UNSMIL's plan for the 
        organized and gradual closure of migrant detention centers in 
        Libya and ensure robust protection assistance for refugees and 
        migrants; and
            (15) to support future democratic development and the 
        economic recovery of Libya both during and after a negotiated 
        and peaceful political solution.

         TITLE I--IDENTIFYING CHALLENGES TO STABILITY IN LIBYA

SEC. 101. CODIFICATION OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 13726.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law or Executive order, 
Executive Order 13726 (81 Fed. Reg. 23559), signed on April 19, 2016, 
and entitled ``Blocking Property and Suspending Entry into the United 
States of Persons Contributing to the Situation in Libya'' shall have 
the force and effect of law.

SEC. 102. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS AND 
              ACTORS IN LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees a report that includes--
            (1) a description of the full extent of involvement in 
        Libya by foreign governments, including the Governments of 
        Russia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, 
        the People's Republic of China, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar, 
        including--
                    (A) a description of which governments are linked 
                to drone and aircraft strikes;
                    (B) a list of the types and estimated amounts of 
                equipment transferred by each government described in 
                this paragraph to the parties to the conflict, 
                including foreign military contractors, mercenaries, or 
                paramilitary forces operating in Libya;
                    (C) the estimated dollar value of various types of 
                equipment and financial support provided by each 
                government described in this paragraph to the parties 
                to the conflict, including foreign military 
                contractors, mercenaries, or paramilitary forces 
                operating in Libya; and
                    (D) the identification of any regular or irregular 
                forces, including but not limited to mercenary groups 
                and militias operating inside Libya, at the direction 
                or with the consent of governments listed in this 
                paragraph;
            (2) a determination and analysis of whether the actions by 
        the governments identified in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) violate the arms embargo with respect to Libya 
                in accordance with United Nations Security Council 
                Resolution 2473 (2019) and predecessor Security Council 
                resolutions;
                    (B) contribute to civilian death, harm, or other 
                violations of international humanitarian law; or
                    (C) involved weapons of United States origin or 
                were in violation of United States end user license 
                agreements;
            (3) a description of United States diplomatic engagement 
        with any governments found to be in violation of the arms 
        embargo regarding enforcement of the embargo;
            (4) a list of the specific offending materiel or financial 
        support transfers provided by a government described in 
        paragraph (1) that violate the arms embargo with respect to 
        Libya in accordance with United Nations Security Council 
        Resolution 2473 (2019) and predecessor Security Council 
        resolutions;
            (5) a determination and analysis of the activities of 
        foreign armed groups, including the Russian Wagner Group, 
        military contractors and mercenaries employed or engaged by the 
        governments of Turkey and the United Arab Emirates, affiliates 
        of the Islamic State (ISIS), al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb 
        (AQIM), and other extremist groups, in Libya;
            (6) a determination of whether and to what extent the 
        conflict in Libya is enabling the recruitment and training 
        efforts of armed groups, including affiliates of ISIS, AQIM, 
        and other extremist groups;
            (7) a description of European Union and North Atlantic 
        Treaty Organization efforts to enforce the United Nations arms 
        embargo and facilitate a sustainable ceasefire, and of United 
        States diplomatic engagement on these efforts;
            (8) a description of any violations of the arms embargo by 
        European Union member states; and
            (9) a description of European Union and Arab League states' 
        contributions to ceasefire monitoring, arms embargo 
        enforcement, and election support and how the United States can 
        partner with the EU and Arab League states on such 
        contributions.
    (b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted 
in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Foreign Relations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of 
        the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Foreign Affairs, and the Permanent Select Committee on 
        Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 103. STRATEGY TO COUNTER RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN LIBYA.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In January 2020, General Stephen Townsend, Commander of 
        AFRICOM, warned that in Libya, Russia seeks to ``demonstrate 
        itself as an alternative partner to the West'' and seeks to 
        position itself alongside the southern flank of NATO.
            (2) On May 29, 2020, AFRICOM assessed that Russia deployed 
        14 military aircraft to Libya to support Russian state-
        sponsored private military contractors there.
            (3) On June 18, 2020, AFRICOM Director of Operations 
        Brigadier General Bradford Gering stated that ``Russia 
        continues to push for a strategic foothold on NATO's southern 
        flank . . . at the expense of innocent Libya lives''.
            (4) In January 2021, United States officials told the 
        international press that mercenaries affiliated with the Wagner 
        Group were constructing sophisticated defensive fortifications 
        in central Libya.
    (b) Report and Strategy.--
            (1) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State and the Secretary 
        of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report on--
                    (A) an assessment of Russian influence and 
                objectives in Libya;
                    (B) the potential threat such influence poses to 
                the United States, southern Europe, and NATO operations 
                in the Mediterranean Sea;
                    (C) Russia's use of currency issuing and printing;
                    (D) Russia's use of mercenaries, military 
                contractors, and paramilitary forces in Libya; and
                    (E) an assessment of the sanctions and other 
                policies adopted by United States partners and allies 
                against the Wagner Group and its destabilizing 
                activities in Libya.
            (2) Strategy.--Not later than 30 days after the date on 
        which the report required by paragraph (1) is submitted to the 
        appropriate congressional committees, the Secretary of State 
        and the Secretary of Defense shall brief the appropriate 
        congressional committees regarding a strategy to counter 
        threats identified in the report.
            (3) Form.--The report required by paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified 
        annex.
            (4) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee 
                on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on 
                Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of 
                the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee 
                on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on 
                Intelligence, and the Committee on Appropriations of 
                the House of Representatives.

       TITLE II--ACTIONS TO ADDRESS FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA

SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Admission; admitted, alien.--The terms ``admission'', 
        ``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings given those terms 
        in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1101).
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Financial Services of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the 
                Senate.
            (3) Foreign person.--The term ``foreign person'' means an 
        individual or entity that is not a United States person and 
        that is not a foreign government, unless acting in a commercial 
        capacity.
            (4) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'' with respect to 
        conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has 
        actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the 
        circumstance, or the result.
            (5) United states person.--The term ``United States 
        person'' means--
                    (A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully 
                admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
                    (B) an entity organized under the laws of the 
                United States or any jurisdiction within the United 
                States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; 
                or
                    (C) any person in the United States.

SEC. 202. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS SUPPORTING 
              RUSSIAN MILITARY INTERVENTION IN LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--On and after the date that is 180 days after the 
date on which the report required by section 102 is submitted to the 
appropriate congressional committees, the President shall impose the 
sanctions described in section 205 with respect to a foreign person if 
the President determines that the foreign person, on or after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, knowingly engages in an activity 
described in subsection (b).
    (b) Activities Described.--A foreign person engages in an activity 
described in this subsection if the person knowingly provides 
significant financial, material, or technological support to, or 
knowingly engages in a significant transaction with a foreign person 
that is knowingly operating in a military capacity in Libya for or on 
behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation.

SEC. 203. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS THREATENING 
              THE PEACE OR STABILITY OF LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--On and after the date that is 180 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the 
sanctions described in section 205 with respect to a foreign person if 
the President determines that the person, on or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, knowingly engages in an activity described in 
subsection (b).
    (b) Activities Described.--A foreign person engages in an activity 
described in this subsection if, on or after the date of enactment, the 
person knowingly--
            (1) is engaging in significant actions that threaten the 
        peace, security, or stability of Libya by supplying arms or 
        related material to Libyan forces;
            (2) is engaging in significant actions that obstruct, 
        undermine, delay, or impede the United Nations-mediated 
        political process that seeks a negotiated and peaceful solution 
        to the Libyan crisis;
            (3) is engaging in significant actions that lead to or 
        result in the misappropriation of significant assets of the 
        Government of Libya;
            (4) is involved in, or has been involved in, the 
        significant illicit exploitation of crude oil or any other 
        natural resources in Libya, including the significant illicit 
        production, refining, brokering, sale, purchase, or export of 
        oil produced in Libya;
            (5) is significantly threatening or coercing financial 
        institutions owned or controlled by the Government of Libya or 
        the Libyan National Oil Company;
            (6) is significantly responsible for actions that are 
        undermining--
                    (A) the United Nations-led political process to end 
                the conflict in Libya; or
                    (B) efforts to maintain peace and promote 
                stabilization and economic recovery in Libya;
            (7) is significantly responsible for civilian casualties or 
        violations of international humanitarian law;
            (8) is violating the UN arms embargo;
            (9) is a successor entity to a person referred to in any of 
        paragraphs (1) through (8);
            (10) owns or controls, or is owned or controlled by, a 
        person referred to in any of paragraphs (1) through (8);
            (11) is acting for or on behalf of a person referred to in 
        any of paragraphs (1) through (8); or
            (12) has provided, or attempted to provide, significant 
        financial, material, technological, or other support for, or 
        goods or services in support of, a person referred to in any of 
        paragraphs (1) through (8).

SEC. 204. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN PERSONS WHO 
              ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR OR COMPLICIT IN HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES 
              COMMITTED IN LIBYA.

    (a) In General.--The President shall impose the sanctions described 
in section 205 with respect to each foreign person on the list required 
by subsection (b).
    (b) List of Persons.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a list of foreign persons 
        that the President determines are knowingly responsible for or 
        complicit in, or to have directly or indirectly engaged in, 
        serious human rights abuses and violations of international 
        humanitarian law committed in Libya.
            (2) Updates of list.--The President shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees an updated list under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of the 
                enactment of this Act and annually thereafter until the 
                date that is 5 years after such date of enactment; or
                    (B) as new information becomes available.
            (3) Form.--The list required by paragraph (1) shall be 
        submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified 
        annex.

SEC. 205. SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.

    The sanctions to be imposed with respect to a foreign person under 
section 202, 203, or 204 are the following:
            (1) Blocking of property.--The President shall exercise all 
        of the powers granted to the President by the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (except 
        that the requirements of section 202 of such Act (50 U.S.C. 
        1701) shall not apply) to the extent necessary to block and 
        prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property 
        of the person if such property and interests in property are in 
        the United States, come within the United States, or are or 
        come within the possession or control of a United States 
        person.
            (2) Inadmissibility of certain individuals.--
                    (A) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or 
                parole.--An alien described in section 202, 203, or 
                204(b)(1) is--
                            (i) inadmissible to the United States;
                            (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other 
                        documentation to enter the United States; and
                            (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted 
                        or paroled into the United States or to receive 
                        any other benefit under the Immigration and 
                        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
                    (B) Current visas revoked.--
                            (i) In general.--An alien described in 
                        section 202, 203, or 204(b)(1) is subject to 
                        revocation of any visa or other entry 
                        documentation regardless of when the visa or 
                        other entry documentation is or was issued.
                            (ii) Immediate effect.--A revocation under 
                        clause (i) shall--
                                    (I) take effect immediately; and
                                    (II) automatically cancel any other 
                                valid visa or entry documentation that 
                                is in the alien's possession.

SEC. 206. WAIVER; EXCEPTIONS.

    (a) Waiver.--The President, acting through the Secretary of State, 
may waive the application of sanctions imposed with respect to a 
foreign person under this title if the Secretary--
            (1) determines that such a waiver is in the national 
        interest of the United States; and
            (2) not later than the date on which the waiver takes 
        effect, submits to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        notice of and justification for the waiver.
    (b) Exception for Compliance With International Obligations.--
Section 205(2) shall not apply to an alien if admitting or paroling the 
alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States 
to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United 
Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force 
November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or 
other applicable international obligations of the United States.
    (c) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--
            (1) In general.--The authorities and requirements to impose 
        sanctions under this title shall not include the authority or 
        requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
            (2) Good defined.--In this subsection, the term ``good'' 
        means any article, natural or man-made substance, material, 
        supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test 
        equipment and excluding technical data.

SEC. 207. IMPLEMENTATION; REGULATIONS; PENALTIES.

    (a) Implementation.--The President may exercise all authorities 
provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the 
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) 
to carry out this title.
    (b) Regulations.--The President shall issue such regulations, 
licenses, and orders as are necessary to carry out this title.
    (c) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to violate, 
conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this title or any 
regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this title shall be 
subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of 
section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful 
act described in subsection (a) of that section.

SEC. 208. TERMINATION.

    The requirement to impose sanctions under this title shall 
terminate on December 31, 2026.

                    TITLE III--ASSISTANCE FOR LIBYA

SEC. 301. HUMANITARIAN RELIEF FOR THE PEOPLE OF LIBYA AND INTERNATIONAL 
              REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS IN LIBYA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States Government should--
                    (A) expand efforts to address Libya's humanitarian 
                crisis, which has been exacerbated by the conflict and 
                the COVID-19 pandemic;
                    (B) leverage diplomatic relations with the conflict 
                parties to guarantee constant, reliable humanitarian 
                access by frontline providers in Libya;
                    (C) leverage diplomatic relations with the conflict 
                parties, the United Nations, and the European Union to 
                ensure the release of vulnerable migrants and refugees 
                from detention centers and ensure their voluntary safe 
                passage; and
                    (D) expand efforts to document and publicize 
                violations of human rights and international 
                humanitarian law and hold perpetrators accountable; and
            (2) humanitarian assistance to address the crisis in Libya 
        should be targeted toward those most in need and delivered 
        through partners that uphold internationally recognized 
        humanitarian principles.
    (b) Assistance Authorized.--
            (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United States 
        Agency for International Development, in coordination with the 
        Secretary of State, is authorized to provide humanitarian 
        assistance to individuals and communities in Libya.
            (2) Included assistance.--Assistance authorized by 
        paragraph (1) shall include the following to affected 
        communities, including refugee and migrant populations:
                    (A) Urgently needed health assistance, including 
                logistical and technical assistance to hospitals, 
                ambulances, and health clinics to support an effective 
                COVID-19 response and educational resources to increase 
                COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
                    (B) Resources and training to increase 
                communication and education to help communities slow 
                the spread of COVID-19 and to increase future vaccine 
                acceptance.
                    (C) Public health commodities and services, 
                including medicines and basic medical supplies and 
                equipment.
                    (D) Protection assistance for vulnerable 
                populations, including women, children, refugees, and 
                migrants.
                    (E) Other assistance, including food, shelter, 
                water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), as needed.
                    (F) Technical assistance to ensure health, food, 
                and commodities are appropriately selected, procured, 
                targeted, and distributed.
    (c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
strategy on the following:
            (1) How the United States Government, working with relevant 
        foreign governments and multilateral organizations, plans to 
        address the humanitarian situation in Libya.
            (2) How to leverage diplomatic and assistance tools as well 
        as strategic burden-sharing with international partners to 
        improve the humanitarian situation in Libya.
            (3) How to confront humanitarian access challenges, which 
        have been compounded by COVID-19, and ensure the delivery of 
        humanitarian aid.
            (4) How to ensure protection for vulnerable refugees and 
        migrants.
            (5) How to address tragic and persistent deaths of migrants 
        and refugees at sea and human trafficking.
            (6) How the United States will engage in diplomatic efforts 
        to ensure support from international donors, including foreign 
        governments and multilateral organizations.
    (d) Diplomatic Engagement.--The Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, shall work with relevant foreign governments and 
multilateral organizations to coordinate a high-level donor summit and 
carry out diplomatic engagement to advance the provision of 
humanitarian assistance to the people of Libya and international 
migrants and refugees in Libya and carry out the strategy required 
under subsection (c).
    (e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section, 
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 302. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE, ELECTIONS, AND DEMOCRATIC 
              CIVIL SOCIETY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, shall--
            (1) work with the United Nations Support Mission in Libya 
        to bolster Libyan efforts to prepare for national elections;
            (2) work to help the people of Libya and a future Libyan 
        government unify Libyan financial and governing institutions to 
        deliver tangible results that improve the lives of the Libyan 
        people;
            (3) work to ensure transparent, credible, and inclusive 
        future referenda and elections in Libya, including through 
        supporting electoral security and domestic and international 
        election observation and by providing related training and 
        technical assistance to institutions with election-related 
        responsibilities; and
            (4) work with nongovernmental organizations--
                    (A) to strengthen democratic governance and 
                institutions to ensure that future elected governments 
                are able to deliver improvements to the Libyan people, 
                support decentralization, and give the public a 
                stronger voice in their government;
                    (B) to increase public and stakeholder confidence 
                in Libya's electoral system;
                    (C) to defend internationally recognized human 
                rights for the people of Libya, including support for 
                efforts to document crimes against humanity and 
                violations of human rights;
                    (D) to combat corruption and improve the 
                transparency and accountability of government 
                institutions; and
                    (E) to support the efforts of state and independent 
                media outlets to broadcast, distribute, and share 
                accurate and reliable news and information with the 
                people of Libya.
    (b) Strategy Requirement.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in 
        coordination with the Administrator of the United States Agency 
        for International Development, shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a strategy to carry out the activities 
        described in subsection (a). The strategy shall be updated, 
        including with benchmarks of progress made to date, and 
        resubmitted to the appropriate congressional committees not 
        later than 15 days after the scheduling of credible 
        presidential and parliamentary elections in Libya.
            (2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of State $23,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2022 through 2026 to carry out subsection (a).
            (2) Notification requirements.--Any expenditure of amounts 
        made available to carry out subsection (a) shall be subject to 
        the notification requirements applicable to--
                    (A) expenditures from the Economic Support Fund 
                under section 531(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
                1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346(c)); and
                    (B) expenditures from the Development Assistance 
                Fund under section 653(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act 
                of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2413(a)).

SEC. 303. ENGAGING INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS TO ADVANCE 
              LIBYAN ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND IMPROVE PUBLIC SECTOR 
              FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation 
with the Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development, shall instruct the United States 
Executive Director at each international financial institution to use 
the voice, vote, and influence of the United States to support a 
Libyan-led process to develop a framework for the economic recovery of 
Libya and improved public sector financial management, complementary to 
United Nations-led peace efforts and in support of the future 
establishment of democratic institutions and the rule of law in Libya.
    (b) Additional Elements.--The framework described in subsection (a) 
shall include the following policy proposals:
            (1) To reunify the leadership and operations of Libya's key 
        economic ministries and institutions.
            (2) To improve the efficiency and reach of Libyan 
        government programs that support poverty alleviation and a 
        social safety net.
            (3) To assist in reconciling the public accounts of 
        national financial institutions and letters of credit issued by 
        private Libyan financial institutions.
            (4) To restore the production and efficient management of 
        Libya's oil industry, including rebuilding any damaged energy 
        infrastructure.
            (5) To promote the development of private sector 
        enterprise.
            (6) To improve the transparency and accountability of 
        public sector employment and wage distribution.
            (7) To strengthen supervision of and reform of Libyan 
        financial institutions to minimize corruption and ensure 
        resources equitably serve the people of Libya.
            (8) To eliminate exploitation of price controls and market 
        distorting subsidies in the Libyan economy.
    (c) Consultation.--In supporting the framework described in 
subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United 
States Executive Director at each international financial institution 
to encourage the institution to consult with relevant stakeholders in 
the financial, governance, and energy sectors.
    (d) Definition of International Financial Institution.--In this 
section, the term ``international financial institution'' means the 
International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 
International Development Association, International Finance 
Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, African 
Development Bank, African Development Fund, Asian Development Bank, 
Inter-American Development Bank, Bank for Economic Cooperation and 
Development in the Middle East and North Africa, and Inter-American 
Investment Corporation.
    (e) Termination.--The requirements of this section shall cease to 
be effective on December 31, 2026.

SEC. 304. RECOVERING ASSETS STOLEN FROM THE LIBYAN PEOPLE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Attorney 
General should advance a coordinated international effort--
            (1) to carry out special financial investigations to 
        identify and track assets taken from the people and 
        institutions of Libya through theft, corruption, money 
        laundering, or other illicit means; and
            (2) to work with foreign governments--
                    (A) to share financial investigations intelligence, 
                as appropriate;
                    (B) to oversee the assets identified pursuant to 
                paragraph (1); and
                    (C) to provide technical assistance to help 
                governments establish the necessary legal framework to 
                carry out asset forfeitures.
    (b) Additional Elements.--The coordinated international effort 
described in subsection (a) should include input from--
            (1) the Office of Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes 
        of the Department of the Treasury;
            (2) the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the 
        Department of the Treasury; and
            (3) the Money Laundering and Asset Recovery Section of the 
        Department of Justice.
                                 <all>