International Nuclear Energy Act of 2022
Bill: H.R.9098 | Sponsor: Rep. Clyburn, James E. (D-SC)
Policy area: International Affairs

Summary:
International Nuclear Energy Act of 2022
This bill addresses cooperation with ally or partner nations on nuclear energy-related issues. For example, the bill requires (1) the Department of State to meet with ally or partner nations with the aim of enhancing nuclear energy cooperation, (2) the Department of Energy to establish a program to increase the production of certain types of low-enriched uranium by U.S. nuclear energy companies, and (3) the State Department to provide financial assistance to qualifying countries that are developing civil nuclear programs.

To provide for civil nuclear coordination and strategy, and for other 
                               purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Nuclear Energy Act of 
2022''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Advanced nuclear reactor.--The term ``advanced nuclear 
        reactor'' has the meaning given the term in section 951(b) of 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(b)).
            (2) Ally or partner nation.--The term ``ally or partner 
        nation'' means--
                    (A) the government of any country that is a member 
                of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and 
                Development;
                    (B) the Government of the Republic of India; and
                    (C) the government of any country designated as an 
                ally or partner nation by the Secretary of State for 
                purposes of this Act.
            (3) Assistant.--The term ``Assistant'' means the Assistant 
        to the President and Director for International Nuclear Energy 
        Policy described in section 3(a)(1)(D).
            (4) Associated entity.--The term ``associated entity'' 
        means an entity that--
                    (A) is owned, controlled, or operated by--
                            (i) an ally or partner nation; or
                            (ii) an associated individual; or
                    (B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise 
                subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in 
                paragraph (2), including a corporation that is 
                incorporated in a country described in that paragraph.
            (5) Associated individual.--The term ``associated 
        individual'' means a foreign national who is a national of a 
        country described in paragraph (2).
            (6) Civil nuclear.--The term ``civil nuclear'' means 
        activities relating to--
                    (A) nuclear plant construction;
                    (B) nuclear fuel services;
                    (C) nuclear energy financing;
                    (D) nuclear plant operations;
                    (E) nuclear plant regulation;
                    (F) nuclear medicine;
                    (G) nuclear safety;
                    (H) community engagement in areas in reasonable 
                proximity to nuclear sites;
                    (I) infrastructure support for nuclear energy;
                    (J) nuclear plant decommissioning;
                    (K) nuclear liability;
                    (L) safe storage and safe disposal of spent nuclear 
                fuel;
                    (M) environmental safeguards;
                    (N) nuclear nonproliferation and security; and
                    (O) technology related to the matters described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (N).
            (7) Embarking civil nuclear energy nation.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``embarking civil nuclear 
                energy nation'' means a country that--
                            (i) does not have a civil nuclear program;
                            (ii) is in the process of developing or 
                        expanding a civil nuclear program, including 
                        safeguards and a legal and regulatory 
                        framework, for--
                                    (I) nuclear safety;
                                    (II) nuclear security;
                                    (III) radioactive waste management;
                                    (IV) civil nuclear energy;
                                    (V) environmental safeguards;
                                    (VI) community engagement in areas 
                                in reasonable proximity to nuclear 
                                sites;
                                    (VII) nuclear liability; or
                                    (VIII) advanced nuclear reactor 
                                licensing;
                            (iii) is in the process of selecting, 
                        developing, constructing, or utilizing advanced 
                        light water reactors, advanced nuclear 
                        reactors, or advanced civil nuclear 
                        technologies; or
                            (iv) is eligible to receive development 
                        lending from the World Bank.
                    (B) Exclusions.--The term ``embarking civil nuclear 
                energy nation'' does not include--
                            (i) the People's Republic of China;
                            (ii) the Russian Federation;
                            (iii) the Republic of Belarus;
                            (iv) the Islamic Republic of Iran;
                            (v) the Democratic People's Republic of 
                        Korea;
                            (vi) the Republic of Cuba;
                            (vii) the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela;
                            (viii) the Syrian Arab Republic; or
                            (ix) any other country--
                                    (I) the property or interests in 
                                property of the government of which are 
                                blocked pursuant to the International 
                                Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
                                U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or
                                    (II) the government of which the 
                                Secretary of State has determined has 
                                repeatedly provided support for acts of 
                                international terrorism for purposes 
                                of--
                                            (aa) section 620A(a) of the 
                                        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
                                        (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));
                                            (bb) section 40(d) of the 
                                        Arms Export Control Act (22 
                                        U.S.C. 2780(d));
                                            (cc) section 
                                        1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export 
                                        Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 
                                        U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); or
                                            (dd) any other relevant 
                                        provision of law.
            (8) Nuclear safety.--The term ``nuclear safety'' means 
        issues relating to the design, construction, operation, or 
        decommissioning of nuclear facilities in a manner that ensures 
        adequate protection of workers, the public, and the 
        environment, including--
                    (A) the safe operation of nuclear reactors and 
                other nuclear facilities;
                    (B) radiological protection of--
                            (i) members of the public;
                            (ii) workers; and
                            (iii) the environment;
                    (C) nuclear waste management;
                    (D) emergency preparedness;
                    (E) nuclear liability; and
                    (F) the safe transportation of nuclear materials.
            (9) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
            (10) Spent nuclear fuel.--The term ``spent nuclear fuel'' 
        has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Nuclear 
        Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 10101).
            (11) U.S. nuclear energy company.--The term ``U.S. nuclear 
        energy company'' means a company that--
                    (A) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise 
                subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States; and
                    (B) is involved in the nuclear energy industry.

SEC. 3. CIVIL NUCLEAR COORDINATION AND STRATEGY.

    (a) White House Focal Point on Coordination.--
            (1) Sense of congress.--Given the critical importance of 
        developing and implementing, with input from various agencies 
        throughout the executive branch, a cohesive policy with respect 
        to international efforts related to civil nuclear energy, it is 
        the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) there should be a focal point within the White 
                House, which may, if determined to be appropriate, 
                report to the National Security Council, for 
                coordination on issues relating to those efforts;
                    (B) to provide that focal point, the President 
                should establish, within the Executive Office of the 
                President, an office, to be known as the ``Office of 
                the Assistant to the President and Director for 
                International Nuclear Energy Policy'' (referred to in 
                this subsection as the ``Office'');
                    (C) the Office should act as a coordinating office 
                for--
                            (i) international civil nuclear 
                        cooperation; and
                            (ii) civil nuclear export strategy;
                    (D) the Office should be headed by an individual 
                appointed as an Assistant to the President with the 
                title of ``Director for International Nuclear Energy 
                Policy''; and
                    (E) the Office should--
                            (i) coordinate civil nuclear export 
                        policies for the United States;
                            (ii) develop, in coordination with the 
                        officials described in paragraph (2), a 
                        cohesive Federal strategy for engagement with 
                        foreign governments (including ally or partner 
                        nations and the governments of embarking civil 
                        nuclear energy nations), associated entities, 
                        and associated individuals with respect to 
                        civil nuclear exports;
                            (iii) coordinate with the officials 
                        described in paragraph (2) to ensure that 
                        necessary framework agreements and trade 
                        controls relating to civil nuclear materials 
                        and technologies are in place for key markets; 
                        and
                            (iv) develop--
                                    (I) a whole-of-government 
                                coordinating strategy for civil nuclear 
                                cooperation;
                                    (II) a whole-of-government strategy 
                                for civil nuclear exports; and
                                    (III) a whole-of-government 
                                approach to support appropriate foreign 
                                investment in civil nuclear energy 
                                projects supported by the United States 
                                in embarking civil nuclear energy 
                                nations.
            (2) Officials described.--The officials referred to in 
        paragraph (1)(E) are--
                    (A) the appropriate officials of--
                            (i) the Department of State;
                            (ii) the Department of Energy;
                            (iii) the Department of Commerce;
                            (iv) the Department of Transportation;
                            (v) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
                            (vi) the Department of Defense;
                            (vii) the National Security Council;
                            (viii) the National Economic Council;
                            (ix) the Office of the United States Trade 
                        Representative;
                            (x) the Office of Management and Budget;
                            (xi) the Office of the Director of National 
                        Intelligence;
                            (xii) the Export-Import Bank of the United 
                        States;
                            (xiii) the United States International 
                        Development Finance Corporation;
                            (xiv) the United States Agency for 
                        International Development;
                            (xv) the United States Trade and 
                        Development Agency;
                            (xvi) the Office of Science and Technology 
                        Policy; and
                            (xvii) any other Federal agency that the 
                        President determines to be appropriate; and
                    (B) appropriate officials representing foreign 
                countries and governments, including--
                            (i) ally or partner nations;
                            (ii) embarking civil nuclear energy 
                        nations; and
                            (iii) any other country or government that 
                        the Assistant (if appointed) and the officials 
                        described in subparagraph (A) jointly determine 
                        to be appropriate.
    (b) Nuclear Exports Working Group.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established a working group, 
        to be known as the ``Nuclear Exports Working Group'' (referred 
        to in this subsection as the ``working group'').
            (2) Composition.--The working group shall be composed of--
                    (A) senior-level Federal officials, selected 
                internally by the applicable Federal agency or 
                organization, from--
                            (i) the Department of State;
                            (ii) the Department of Commerce;
                            (iii) the Department of Energy;
                            (iv) the Department of the Treasury;
                            (v) the Export-Import Bank of the United 
                        States;
                            (vi) the United States International 
                        Development Finance Corporation;
                            (vii) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
                            (viii) the Office of the United States 
                        Trade Representative; and
                            (ix) the United States Trade and 
                        Development Agency; and
                    (B) other senior-level Federal officials, selected 
                internally by the applicable Federal agency or 
                organization, from any other Federal agency or 
                organization that the Secretary determines to be 
                appropriate.
            (3) Reporting.--The working group shall report to the 
        appropriate White House official, which may be the Assistant 
        (if appointed).
            (4) Duties.--The working group shall submit to the Civil 
        Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee of the Department of Commerce 
        and the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee of the Department of 
        Energy quarterly reports on the standing of civil nuclear 
        exports from the United States, including with respect to 
        meeting the targets established as part of the 5-year civil 
        nuclear trade strategy described in paragraph (5)(A).
            (5) Strategy.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the working group shall 
                establish a 10-year civil nuclear trade strategy, 
                including biennial targets for the export of civil 
                nuclear technologies, including light water and non-
                light water reactors and associated equipment and 
                technologies, civil nuclear materials, and nuclear fuel 
                that align with meeting international energy demand 
                while seeking to avoid or reduce emissions.
                    (B) Collaboration required.--In establishing the 
                strategy under subparagraph (A), the working group 
                shall collaborate with--
                            (i) the Secretary;
                            (ii) the Secretary of Commerce;
                            (iii) the Secretary of State;
                            (iv) the Secretary of the Treasury;
                            (v) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
                            (vi) the President of the Export-Import 
                        Bank of the United States;
                            (vii) the Chief Executive Officer of the 
                        United States International Development Finance 
                        Corporation;
                            (viii) the United States Trade 
                        Representative; and
                            (ix) representatives of private industry.

SEC. 4. ENGAGEMENT WITH ALLY OR PARTNER NATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The President shall launch, in accordance with 
applicable nuclear technology export laws (including regulations), an 
international initiative to modernize the civil nuclear outreach to 
embarking civil nuclear energy nations.
    (b) Financing.--In carrying out the initiative described in 
subsection (a), the President, acting through an appropriate Federal 
official, who may be the Assistant (if appointed) or the Chief 
Executive Officer of the International Development Finance Corporation, 
if determined to be appropriate, and in coordination with the officials 
described in section 3(a)(2), may, if the President determines to be 
appropriate, seek to establish cooperative financing relationships for 
the export of civil nuclear technology, components, materials, and 
infrastructure to embarking civil nuclear energy nations.
    (c) Activities.--In carrying out the initiative described in 
subsection (a), the President shall--
            (1) assist nongovernmental organizations and appropriate 
        offices, administrations, agencies, laboratories, and programs 
        of the Department of Energy and other relevant Federal agencies 
        and offices in providing education and training to foreign 
        governments in nuclear safety, security, and safeguards--
                    (A) through engagement with the International 
                Atomic Energy Agency; or
                    (B) independently, if the applicable entity 
                determines that it would be more advantageous under the 
                circumstances to provide the applicable education and 
                training independently;
            (2) assist the efforts of the International Atomic Energy 
        Agency to expand the support provided by the International 
        Atomic Energy Agency to embarking civil nuclear energy nations 
        for nuclear safety, security, and safeguards;
            (3) coordinate the work of the Chief Executive Officer of 
        the United States International Development Finance Corporation 
        to expand outreach to the private investment community to 
        create public-private financing relationships to assist in the 
        export of civil nuclear technology to embarking civil nuclear 
        energy nations;
            (4) seek to better coordinate, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, the work carried out by each of--
                    (A) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
                    (B) the Department of Energy;
                    (C) the Department of Commerce;
                    (D) the Nuclear Energy Agency;
                    (E) the International Atomic Energy Agency; and
                    (F) the nuclear regulatory agencies and 
                organizations of embarking civil nuclear energy nations 
                and ally or partner nations; and
            (5) improve the efficient and effective exporting and 
        importing of civil nuclear technologies and materials.

SEC. 5. COOPERATIVE FINANCING RELATIONSHIPS WITH ALLY OR PARTNER 
              NATIONS AND EMBARKING CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY NATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The President shall designate an appropriate White 
House official, who may be the Assistant (if appointed), and the Chief 
Executive Officer of the United States International Development 
Finance Corporation to coordinate with the officials described in 
section 3(a)(2) to develop, as the President determines to be 
appropriate, financing relationships with ally or partner nations to 
advance civil nuclear exports from the United States or ally or partner 
nations to embarking civil nuclear energy nations.
    (b) United States Competitiveness Clauses.--
            (1) Definition of united states competitiveness clause.--In 
        this subsection, the term ``United States competitiveness 
        clause'' means any United States competitiveness provision in 
        any agreement entered into by the Department of Energy, 
        including--
                    (A) a cooperative agreement;
                    (B) a cooperative research and development 
                agreement; and
                    (C) a patent waiver.
            (2) Consideration.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
        relevant officials described in that subsection shall consider 
        the impact of United States competitiveness clauses on any 
        financing relationships entered into or proposed to be entered 
        into under that subsection.
            (3) Waiver.--The Secretary shall facilitate waivers of 
        United States competitiveness clauses as necessary to 
        facilitate financing relationships with ally or partner nations 
        under subsection (a).

SEC. 6. COOPERATION WITH ALLY OR PARTNER NATIONS ON ADVANCED NUCLEAR 
              REACTOR DEMONSTRATION AND COOPERATIVE RESEARCH FACILITIES 
              FOR CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary 
and the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct bilateral and multilateral 
meetings with not fewer than 5 ally or partner nations, with the aim of 
enhancing nuclear energy cooperation among those ally or partner 
nations and the United States, for the purpose of developing 
collaborative relationships with respect to research, development, 
licensing, and deployment of advanced nuclear reactor technologies for 
civil nuclear energy.
    (b) Requirement.--The meetings described in subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) a focus on cooperation to demonstrate and deploy 
        advanced nuclear reactors, with an emphasis on U.S. nuclear 
        energy companies, during the 10-year period beginning on the 
        date of enactment of this Act to provide options for addressing 
        climate change by 2050; and
            (2) a focus on developing a memorandum of understanding or 
        any other appropriate agreement between the United States and 
        ally or partner nations with respect to--
                    (A) the demonstration and deployment of advanced 
                nuclear reactors; and
                    (B) the development of cooperative research 
                facilities.
    (c) Financing Arrangements.--In conducting the meetings described 
in subsection (a), the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce, shall seek to develop 
financing arrangements to share the costs of the demonstration and 
deployment of advanced nuclear reactors and the development of 
cooperative research facilities with the ally or partner nations 
participating in those meetings.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of 
Commerce shall jointly submit to Congress a report highlighting 
potential partners--
            (1) for the establishment of cost-share arrangements 
        described in subsection (c); or
            (2) with which the United States may enter into agreements 
        with respect to--
                    (A) the demonstration of advanced nuclear reactors; 
                or
                    (B) cooperative research facilities.

SEC. 7. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL NUCLEAR ENERGY COOPERATION.

    Section 959B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16279b) is 
amended--
            (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``The Secretary'' and inserting the following:
    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary'';
            (2) in subsection (a) (as so designated)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``financing,''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
                        semicolon at the end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
                        ``preparations for''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (C)(v), by striking 
                        the period at the end and inserting a 
                        semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) to support, in consultation with the Secretary of 
        State, the safe, secure, and peaceful use of civil nuclear 
        technology in countries developing nuclear energy programs, 
        with a focus on countries that have increased civil nuclear 
        cooperation with the Russian Federation or the People's 
        Republic of China; and
            ``(4) to promote the fullest utilization of the reactors, 
        fuel, equipment, services, and technology of U.S. nuclear 
        energy companies (as defined in section 2 of the International 
        Nuclear Energy Act of 2022) in civil nuclear energy programs 
        outside the United States through--
                    ``(A) bilateral and multilateral arrangements 
                developed and executed in coordination with the 
                Secretary of State that contain commitments for the 
                utilization of the reactors, fuel, equipment, services, 
                and technology of U.S. nuclear energy companies (as 
                defined in that section);
                    ``(B) the designation of 1 or more U.S. nuclear 
                energy companies (as defined in that section) to 
                implement an arrangement under subparagraph (A) if the 
                Secretary determines that the designation is necessary 
                and appropriate to achieve the objectives of this 
                section;
                    ``(C) the waiver of any provision of law relating 
                to competition with respect to any activity related to 
                an arrangement under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary, 
                in consultation with the Attorney General and the 
                Secretary of Commerce, determines that a waiver is 
                necessary and appropriate to achieve the objectives of 
                this section; and
                    ``(D) the issuance of loans, loan guarantees, other 
                financial assistance, or assistance in the form of an 
                equity interest to carry out activities related to an 
                arrangement under subparagraph (A), to the extent 
                appropriated funds are available.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Requirements.--The program under subsection (a) shall--
            ``(1) with respect to the function described in subsection 
        (a)(3), be modeled after the International Military Education 
        and Training program of the Department of State; and
            ``(2) be authorized and directed by the Secretary of State 
        and implemented by the Secretary--
                    ``(A) to facilitate, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, workshops and expert-based exchanges to 
                engage industry, stakeholders, and foreign governments 
                with respect to international civil nuclear issues, 
                such as--
                            ``(i) training;
                            ``(ii) financing;
                            ``(iii) safety;
                            ``(iv) security;
                            ``(v) safeguards;
                            ``(vi) liability;
                            ``(vii) advanced fuels;
                            ``(viii) operations; and
                            ``(ix) options for multinational 
                        cooperation with respect to the disposal of 
                        spent nuclear fuel (as defined in section 2 of 
                        the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 
                        10101)); and
                    ``(B) in coordination with--
                            ``(i) the National Security Council;
                            ``(ii) the Secretary of State;
                            ``(iii) the Secretary of Commerce; and
                            ``(iv) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
    ``(c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out subsection (a)(3) 
$15,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.''.

SEC. 8. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL NUCLEAR PROGRAM SUPPORT.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the 
Secretary and the Assistant (if appointed), shall launch an 
international initiative (referred to in this section as the 
``initiative'') to provide financial assistance to, and facilitate the 
building of technical capacities by, in accordance with this section, 
embarking civil nuclear energy nations for activities relating to the 
development of civil nuclear energy programs.
    (b) Financial Assistance.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the initiative, the 
        Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and the 
        Assistant (if appointed), may award grants of financial 
        assistance to embarking civil nuclear energy nations in 
        accordance with this subsection--
                    (A) for activities relating to the development of 
                civil nuclear energy programs; and
                    (B) to facilitate the building of technical 
                capacities for those activities.
            (2) Amount.--The amount of a grant of financial assistance 
        under paragraph (1) shall be not more than $5,500,000.
            (3) Limitations.--The Secretary of State, in coordination 
        with the Secretary and the Assistant (if appointed), may 
        award--
                    (A) not more than 1 grant of financial assistance 
                under paragraph (1) to any 1 embarking civil nuclear 
                energy nation each fiscal year; and
                    (B) not more than a total of 5 grants of financial 
                assistance under paragraph (1) to any 1 embarking civil 
                nuclear energy nation.
    (c) Senior Advisors.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the initiative, the 
        Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and the 
        Assistant (if appointed), may provide financial assistance to 
        an embarking civil nuclear energy nation for the purpose of 
        contracting with a U.S. nuclear energy company to hire 1 or 
        more senior advisors to assist the embarking civil nuclear 
        energy nation in establishing a civil nuclear program.
            (2) Requirement.--A senior advisor described in paragraph 
        (1) shall have relevant experience and qualifications to advise 
        the embarking civil nuclear energy nation on, and facilitate on 
        behalf of the embarking civil nuclear energy nation, 1 or more 
        of the following activities:
                    (A) The development of financing relationships.
                    (B) The development of a standardized financing and 
                project management framework for the construction of 
                nuclear power plants.
                    (C) The development of a standardized licensing 
                framework for--
                            (i) light water civil nuclear technologies; 
                        and
                            (ii) non-light water civil nuclear 
                        technologies and advanced nuclear reactors.
                    (D) The identification of qualified organizations 
                and service providers.
                    (E) The identification of funds to support payment 
                for services required to develop a civil nuclear 
                program.
                    (F) Market analysis.
                    (G) The identification of the safety, security, 
                safeguards, and nuclear governance required for a civil 
                nuclear program.
                    (H) Risk allocation, risk management, and nuclear 
                liability.
                    (I) Technical assessments of nuclear reactors and 
                technologies.
                    (J) The identification of actions necessary to 
                participate in a global nuclear liability regime based 
                on the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for 
                Nuclear Damage, with Annex, done at Vienna September 
                12, 1997 (TIAS 15-415).
                    (K) Stakeholder engagement.
                    (L) Management of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear 
                waste.
                    (M) Any other major activities to support the 
                establishment of a civil nuclear program, such as the 
                establishment of export, financing, construction, 
                training, operations, and education requirements.
            (3) Clarification.--Financial assistance under this 
        subsection may be provided to an embarking civil nuclear energy 
        nation in addition to any financial assistance provided to that 
        embarking civil nuclear energy nation under subsection (b).
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of State to carry out the initiative 
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.

SEC. 9. BIENNIAL CABINET-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR 
              SAFETY, SECURITY, SAFEGUARDS, AND SUSTAINABILITY.

    (a) In General.--The President, in coordination with international 
partners, as determined by the President, and industry, shall hold a 
biennial conference on civil nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and 
sustainability (referred to in this section as a ``conference'').
    (b) Conference Functions.--It is the sense of Congress that each 
conference should--
            (1) be a forum in which ally or partner nations may engage 
        with each other for the purpose of reinforcing the commitment 
        to--
                    (A) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and 
                sustainability;
                    (B) environmental safeguards; and
                    (C) local community engagement in areas in 
                reasonable proximity to nuclear sites; and
            (2) facilitate--
                    (A) the development of--
                            (i) joint commitments and goals to 
                        improve--
                                    (I) nuclear safety, security, 
                                safeguards, and sustainability;
                                    (II) environmental safeguards; and
                                    (III) local community engagement in 
                                areas in reasonable proximity to 
                                nuclear sites;
                            (ii) stronger international institutions 
                        that support nuclear safety, security, 
                        safeguards, and sustainability;
                            (iii) cooperative financing relationships 
                        to promote competitive alternatives to Chinese 
                        and Russian financing;
                            (iv) a standardized financing and project 
                        management framework for the construction of 
                        civil nuclear power plants;
                            (v) a standardized licensing framework for 
                        civil nuclear technologies;
                            (vi) a strategy to change internal policies 
                        of multinational development banks, such as the 
                        World Bank, to support the financing of civil 
                        nuclear projects;
                            (vii) a document containing any lessons 
                        learned from countries that have partnered with 
                        the Russian Federation or the People's Republic 
                        of China with respect to civil nuclear power, 
                        including any detrimental outcomes resulting 
                        from that partnership; and
                            (viii) a global civil nuclear liability 
                        regime;
                    (B) cooperation for enhancing the overall aspects 
                of civil nuclear power, such as--
                            (i) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, 
                        and sustainability;
                            (ii) nuclear laws (including regulations);
                            (iii) waste management;
                            (iv) quality management systems;
                            (v) technology transfer;
                            (vi) human resources development;
                            (vii) localization;
                            (viii) reactor operations;
                            (ix) nuclear liability; and
                            (x) decommissioning; and
                    (C) the development and determination of the 
                mechanisms described in paragraphs (7) and (8) of 
                section 10(a), if the President intends to establish an 
                Advanced Reactor Coordination and Resource Center as 
                described in that section.
    (c) Input From Industry and Government.--It is the sense of 
Congress that each conference should include a meeting that convenes 
nuclear industry leaders and leaders of government agencies with 
expertise relating to nuclear safety, security, safeguards, or 
sustainability to discuss best practices relating to--
            (1) the safe and secure use, storage, and transport of 
        nuclear and radiological materials;
            (2) managing the evolving cyber threat to nuclear and 
        radiological security; and
            (3) the role that the nuclear industry should play in 
        nuclear and radiological safety, security, and safeguards, 
        including with respect to the safe and secure use, storage, and 
        transport of nuclear and radiological materials, including 
        spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste.

SEC. 10. ADVANCED REACTOR COORDINATION AND RESOURCE CENTER.

    (a) In General.--The President shall consider the feasibility of 
establishing a center, to be known as the ``Advanced Reactor 
Coordination and Resource Center'' (referred to in this section as the 
``Center''), for the purposes of--
            (1) identifying qualified organizations and service 
        providers--
                    (A) for embarking civil nuclear energy nations;
                    (B) to develop and assemble documents, contracts, 
                and related items required to establish a civil nuclear 
                program; and
                    (C) to develop a standardized model for the 
                establishment of a civil nuclear program that can be 
                used by the International Atomic Energy Agency;
            (2) coordinating with countries participating in the Center 
        and with the Nuclear Exports Working Group established under 
        section 3(b)--
                    (A) to identify funds to support payment for 
                services required to develop a civil nuclear program;
                    (B) to provide market analysis; and
                    (C) to create--
                            (i) project structure models;
                            (ii) models for electricity market 
                        analysis;
                            (iii) models for nonelectric applications 
                        market analysis; and
                            (iv) financial models;
            (3) identifying and developing the safety, security, 
        safeguards, and nuclear governance required for a civil nuclear 
        program;
            (4) supporting multinational regulatory standards to be 
        developed by countries with civil nuclear programs and 
        experience;
            (5) developing and strengthening communications, 
        engagement, and consensus-building;
            (6) carrying out any other major activities to support 
        export, financing, education, construction, training, and 
        education requirements relating to the establishment of a civil 
        nuclear program;
            (7) developing mechanisms for how to fund and staff the 
        Center; and
            (8) determining mechanisms for the selection of the 
        location or locations of the Center.
    (b) Objective.--The President shall carry out subsection (a) with 
the objective of establishing the Center if the President determines 
that it is feasible to do so.

SEC. 11. INVESTMENT BY ALLIES AND PARTNERS OF THE UNITED STATES.

    (a) Commercial Licenses.--Section 103 d. of the Atomic Energy Act 
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2133(d)) is amended, in the second sentence--
            (1) by inserting ``for a production facility'' after ``No 
        license''; and
            (2) by striking ``any any'' and inserting ``any''.
    (b) Medical Therapy and Research Development Licenses.--Section 104 
d. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2134(d)) is amended, in 
the second sentence, by inserting ``for a production facility'' after 
``No license''.

SEC. 12. STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE FUND WORKING GROUP.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a working group, to be 
known as the ``Strategic Infrastructure Fund Working Group'' (referred 
to in this section as the ``working group'').
    (b) Composition.--The working group shall be--
            (1) led by a White House official, who may be the Assistant 
        (if appointed), who shall serve as the White House focal point 
        with respect to matters relating to the working group; and
            (2) composed of--
                    (A) senior-level Federal officials, selected by the 
                head of the applicable Federal agency or organization, 
                from--
                            (i) the Department of State;
                            (ii) the Department of the Treasury;
                            (iii) the Department of Commerce;
                            (iv) the Department of Energy;
                            (v) the Export-Import Bank of the United 
                        States;
                            (vi) the United States International 
                        Development Finance Corporation; and
                            (vii) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;
                    (B) other senior-level Federal officials, selected 
                by the head of the applicable Federal agency or 
                organization, from any other Federal agency or 
                organization that the Secretary determines to be 
                appropriate; and
                    (C) any senior-level Federal official selected by 
                the White House official described in paragraph (1) 
                from any Federal agency or organization.
    (c) Reporting.--The working group shall report to the National 
Security Council.
    (d) Duties.--The working group shall--
            (1) provide direction and advice to the officials described 
        in section 3(a)(2)(A) and appropriate Federal agencies, as 
        determined by the working group, with respect to the 
        establishment of a Strategic Infrastructure Fund (referred to 
        in this subsection as the ``Fund'') to be used--
                    (A) to support those aspects of projects relating 
                to--
                            (i) civil nuclear technologies;
                            (ii) rare earth elements and critical 
                        minerals (as defined in section 7002(a) of the 
                        Energy Act of 2020 (30 U.S.C. 1606(a))); and
                            (iii) microprocessors; and
                    (B) for strategic investments identified by the 
                working group; and
            (2) address critical areas in determining the appropriate 
        design for the Fund, including--
                    (A) transfer of assets to the Fund;
                    (B) transfer of assets from the Fund;
                    (C) how assets in the Fund should be invested; and
                    (D) governance and implementation of the Fund.
    (e) Report Required.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the working group shall submit to 
        the committees described in paragraph (2) a report on the 
        findings of the working group that includes suggested 
        legislative text for how to establish and structure a Strategic 
        Infrastructure Fund.
            (2) Committees described.--The committees referred to in 
        paragraph (1) are--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the 
                Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the 
                Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy 
                and Natural Resources, the Committee on Environment and 
                Public Works, and the Committee on Finance of the 
                Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee 
                on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Armed 
                Services, the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology, and the Committee on Ways and Means of the 
                House of Representatives.
            (3) Administration of the fund.--The report submitted under 
        paragraph (1) shall include suggested legislative language 
        requiring all expenditures from a Strategic Infrastructure Fund 
        established in accordance with this section to be administered 
        by the Secretary of State (or a designee of the Secretary of 
        State).

SEC. 13. UNITED STATES SMALL MODULAR REACTOR INITIATIVE TO INCREASE 
              COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT OF UNITED STATES NUCLEAR 
              REACTOR TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) Objectives.--The objectives of this section are--
            (1) to expeditiously demonstrate domestic origin small 
        modular reactor technology that is competitive in international 
        markets against designs offered by the Russian Federation and 
        the People's Republic of China;
            (2) expeditiously promote and develop a domestic nuclear 
        supply chain to support near-term international export of small 
        modular reactors; and
            (3) expeditiously develop and demonstrate small modular 
        reactor technology that utilizes reactor fuels derived from 
        low-enriched uranium.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary pursuant to the funding opportunity announcements of the 
Department numbered DE-NE0008935 and DE-NE0008928, $1,439,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2023, to remain available until September 30, 2031, for 
ongoing work to support regulatory development, design, and deployment 
activities.

SEC. 14. U.S. NUCLEAR FUELS SECURITY INITIATIVE TO REDUCE RELIANCE ON 
              NUCLEAR FUELS FROM RUSSIA AND CHINA.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the United States and the allies of the United States 
        need to eliminate reliance on the Russian Federation for energy 
        fuels, including all forms of uranium;
            (2) the Department should--
                    (A) prioritize activities to increase domestic 
                production of low-enriched uranium; and
                    (B) accelerate efforts to establish a domestic 
                high-assay, low-enriched uranium enrichment capability; 
                and
            (3) if domestic enrichment of high-assay, low-enriched 
        uranium will not be commercially available at the scale needed 
        in time to meet the needs of the advanced nuclear reactor 
        demonstration projects of the Department, the Secretary shall 
        consider and implement, as necessary--
                    (A) all viable options to make high-assay, low-
                enriched uranium produced from inventories owned by the 
                Department available in a manner that is sufficient to 
                maximize the potential for the Department to meet the 
                needs and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor 
                developers, without impacting existing Department 
                missions, until such time that commercial enrichment 
                and deconversion capability for high-assay, low-
                enriched uranium exists at a scale sufficient to meet 
                future needs; and
                    (B) all viable options for partnering with ally or 
                partner nations to meet those needs and schedules until 
                that time.
    (b) Objectives.--The objectives of this section are--
            (1) to expeditiously increase domestic production of low-
        enriched uranium to prevent the reliance of the United States 
        and, to the maximum extent practicable, ally or partner nations 
        on nuclear fuels from--
                    (A) the Russian Federation;
                    (B) the People's Republic of China; and
                    (C) other countries determined by the Secretary to 
                be insecure supply sources with respect to low-enriched 
                uranium;
            (2) to expeditiously increase domestic production of high-
        assay, low-enriched uranium by an annual quantity, and in such 
        form, determined by the Secretary to be sufficient to meet the 
        needs of--
                    (A) advanced nuclear reactor developers; and
                    (B) the consortium;
            (3) to ensure the availability of domestically produced, 
        converted, and enriched uranium in a quantity determined by the 
        Secretary, in consultation with U.S. nuclear energy companies, 
        to be sufficient to address a reasonably anticipated supply 
        disruption;
            (4) to address gaps and deficiencies in the domestic 
        production, conversion, enrichment, deconversion, and reduction 
        of uranium by partnering with ally or partner nations if 
        domestic options are not practicable;
            (5) to ensure that, in the event of a supply disruption in 
        the nuclear fuel market, a reserve of nuclear fuels is 
        available to serve as a backup supply to support the nuclear 
        nonproliferation and civil nuclear energy objectives of the 
        Department;
            (6) to support enrichment, deconversion, and reduction 
        technology deployed in the United States; and
            (7) to ensure that, until such time that domestic 
        enrichment and deconversion of high-assay, low-enriched uranium 
        is commercially available at the scale needed to meet the needs 
        of advanced nuclear reactor developers, the Secretary considers 
        and implements, as necessary--
                    (A) all viable options to make high-assay, low-
                enriched uranium produced from inventories owned by the 
                Department available in a manner that is sufficient to 
                maximize the potential for the Department to meet the 
                needs and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor 
                developers; and
                    (B) all viable options for partnering with ally or 
                partner nations to meet those needs and schedules.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advanced nuclear reactor.--The term ``advanced nuclear 
        reactor'' has the meaning given the term in section 951(b) of 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(b)).
            (2) Ally or partner nation.--The term ``ally or partner 
        nation'' means--
                    (A) the government of any country that is a member 
                of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and 
                Development;
                    (B) the Government of the Republic of India; and
                    (C) the government of any country designated as an 
                ally or partner nation by the Secretary for purposes of 
                this section.
            (3) Associated entity.--The term ``associated entity'' 
        means an entity that--
                    (A) is owned, controlled, or dominated by--
                            (i) an ally or partner nation; or
                            (ii) an associated individual; or
                    (B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise 
                subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in 
                any of subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (2), 
                including a corporation that is incorporated in a 
                country described in any of those subparagraphs.
            (4) Associated individual.--The term ``associated 
        individual'' means an alien who is a national of a country 
        described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph 
        (2).
            (5) Consortium.--The term ``consortium'' means the 
        consortium established under section 2001(a)(2)(F) of the 
        Energy Act of 2020 (42 U.S.C. 16281(a)(2)(F)).
            (6) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            (7) High-assay, low-enriched uranium; haleu.--The term 
        ``high-assay, low-enriched uranium'' or ``HALEU'' means high-
        assay low-enriched uranium (as defined in section 2001(d) of 
        the Energy Act of 2020 (42 U.S.C. 16281(d))).
            (8) Low-enriched uranium; leu.--The term ``low-enriched 
        uranium'' or ``LEU'' means each of--
                    (A) low-enriched uranium (as defined in section 
                3102 of the USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h)); 
                and
                    (B) low-enriched uranium (as defined in section 
                3112A(a) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h-10a(a))).
            (9) Programs.--The term ``Programs'' means--
                    (A) the Nuclear Fuel Security Program established 
                under subsection (d)(1);
                    (B) the American Assured Fuel Supply Program of the 
                Department; and
                    (C) the HALEU for Advanced Nuclear Reactor 
                Demonstration Projects Program established under 
                subsection (d)(3).
            (10) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
            (11) U.S. nuclear energy company.--The term ``U.S. nuclear 
        energy company'' means a company that--
                    (A) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise 
                subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States; and
                    (B) is involved in the nuclear energy industry.
    (d) Establishment and Expansion of Programs.--The Secretary, 
consistent with the objectives described in subsection (b), shall--
            (1) establish a program, to be known as the ``Nuclear Fuel 
        Security Program'', to prevent the reliance of the United 
        States and, to the maximum extent practicable, ally or partner 
        nations on LEU and HALEU from the Russian Federation and the 
        People's Republic of China by increasing the quantity of LEU 
        and HALEU produced by U.S. nuclear energy companies;
            (2) expand the American Assured Fuel Supply Program of the 
        Department to ensure the availability of domestically produced, 
        converted, and enriched uranium in the event of a supply 
        disruption; and
            (3) establish a program, to be known as the ``HALEU for 
        Advanced Nuclear Reactor Demonstration Projects Program''--
                    (A) to maximize the potential for the Department to 
                meet the needs and schedules of advanced nuclear 
                reactor developers until such time that commercial 
                enrichment and deconversion capability for HALEU exists 
                in the United States at a scale sufficient to meet 
                future needs; and
                    (B) where practicable, to partner with ally or 
                partner nations to meet those needs and schedules until 
                that time.
    (e) Nuclear Fuel Security Program.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the Nuclear Fuel Security 
        Program, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, enter into 2 or more contracts 
                to begin acquiring not less than 100 metric tons per 
                year of LEU by December 31, 2026 (or the earliest 
                operationally feasible date thereafter), to ensure 
                diverse domestic uranium mining, conversion, 
                enrichment, deconversion, and reduction capacity and 
                technologies, including new capacity, among U.S. 
                nuclear energy companies;
                    (B) not later than 180 days after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, enter into 2 or more contracts 
                with members of the consortium to begin acquiring not 
                less than 20 metric tons per year of HALEU by December 
                31, 2027 (or the earliest operationally feasible date 
                thereafter), from U.S. nuclear energy companies;
                    (C) utilize only uranium produced, converted, and 
                enriched in--
                            (i) the United States; or
                            (ii) if domestic options are not 
                        practicable, a country described in any of 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
                        (c)(2);
                    (D) to the maximum extent practicable, ensure that 
                the use of domestic uranium utilized as a result of 
                that program does not negatively affect the economic 
                operation of nuclear reactors in the United States; and
                    (E) take other actions that the Secretary 
                determines to be necessary or appropriate to prevent 
                the reliance of the United States and ally or partner 
                nations on nuclear fuels from the Russian Federation 
                and the People's Republic of China.
            (2) Considerations.--In carrying out paragraph (1)(B), the 
        Secretary shall consider and, if appropriate, implement--
                    (A) options to ensure the quickest availability of 
                commercially enriched HALEU, including--
                            (i) partnerships between 2 or more 
                        commercial enrichers; and
                            (ii) utilization of up to 10-percent 
                        enriched uranium as feedstock in demonstration-
                        scale or commercial HALEU enrichment 
                        facilities;
                    (B) options to partner with ally or partner nations 
                to provide LEU and HALEU for commercial purposes;
                    (C) options that provide for an array of HALEU--
                            (i) enrichment levels;
                            (ii) output levels to meet demand; and
                            (iii) fuel forms, including uranium metal 
                        and oxide; and
                    (D) options--
                            (i) to replenish, as necessary, Department 
                        stockpiles of uranium that was intended to be 
                        downblended for other purposes, but was instead 
                        used in carrying out activities under the HALEU 
                        for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Demonstration 
                        Projects Program;
                            (ii) to continue supplying HALEU to meet 
                        the needs of the recipients of an award made 
                        pursuant to the funding opportunity 
                        announcement of the Department numbered DE-FOA-
                        0002271 for Pathway 1, Advanced Reactor 
                        Demonstrations; and
                            (iii) to make HALEU available to other 
                        advanced nuclear reactor developers and other 
                        end-users.
            (3) Avoidance of market disruptions.--In carrying out the 
        Nuclear Fuel Security Program, the Secretary, to the extent 
        practicable and consistent with the purposes of that program, 
        shall not disrupt or replace market mechanisms by competing 
        with U.S. nuclear energy companies.
    (f) Expansion of the American Assured Fuel Supply Program.--The 
Secretary, in consultation with U.S. nuclear energy companies, shall--
            (1) expand the American Assured Fuel Supply Program of the 
        Department by merging the operations of the Uranium Reserve 
        Program of the Department with the American Assured Fuel Supply 
        Program; and
            (2) in carrying out the American Assured Fuel Supply 
        Program of the Department, as expanded under paragraph (1)--
                    (A) maintain, replenish, diversify, or increase the 
                quantity of uranium made available by that program in a 
                manner determined by the Secretary to be consistent 
                with the purposes of that program and the objectives 
                described in subsection (b);
                    (B) utilize only uranium produced, converted, and 
                enriched in--
                            (i) the United States; or
                            (ii) if domestic options are not 
                        practicable, a country described in any of 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
                        (c)(2);
                    (C) make uranium available from the American 
                Assured Fuel Supply, subject to terms and conditions 
                determined by the Secretary to be reasonable and 
                appropriate;
                    (D) refill and expand the supply of uranium in the 
                American Assured Fuel Supply, including by maintaining 
                a limited reserve of uranium to address a potential 
                event in which a domestic or foreign recipient of 
                uranium experiences a supply disruption for which 
                uranium cannot be obtained through normal market 
                mechanisms or under normal market conditions; and
                    (E) take other actions that the Secretary 
                determines to be necessary or appropriate to address 
                the purposes of that program and the objectives 
                described in subsection (b).
    (g) HALEU for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Demonstration Projects 
Program.--
            (1) Activities.--On enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
        shall immediately accelerate and, as necessary, initiate 
        activities to make available from inventories or stockpiles 
        owned by the Department and made available to the consortium, 
        HALEU for use in advanced nuclear reactors that cannot operate 
        on uranium with lower enrichment levels or on alternate fuels, 
        with priority given to the awards made pursuant to the funding 
        opportunity announcement of the Department numbered DE-FOA-
        0002271 for Pathway 1, Advanced Reactor Demonstrations, with 
        additional HALEU to be made available to other advanced nuclear 
        reactor developers, as the Secretary determines to be 
        appropriate.
            (2) Quantity.--In carrying out activities under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall consider and implement, as 
        necessary, all viable options to make HALEU available in 
        quantities sufficient to maximize the potential for the 
        Department to meet the needs and schedules of advanced nuclear 
        reactor developers, including by seeking to make available--
                    (A) by September 30, 2024, not less than 3 metric 
                tons of HALEU;
                    (B) by December 31, 2025, not less than an 
                additional 8 metric tons of HALEU; and
                    (C) by June 30, 2026, not less than an additional 
                10 metric tons of HALEU.
            (3) Factors for consideration.--In carrying out activities 
        under this subsection, the Secretary shall take into 
        consideration--
                    (A) options for providing HALEU from a stockpile of 
                uranium owned by the Department (including the National 
                Nuclear Security Administration), including--
                            (i) uranium that has been declared excess 
                        to national security needs;
                            (ii) uranium that--
                                    (I) directly meets the needs of 
                                advanced nuclear reactor developers; 
                                but
                                    (II) has been previously used or 
                                fabricated for another purpose;
                            (iii) uranium that can meet the needs of 
                        advanced nuclear reactor developers after 
                        removing radioactive or other contaminants that 
                        resulted from previous use or fabrication of 
                        the fuel for research, development, 
                        demonstration, or deployment activities of the 
                        Department, including activities that reduce 
                        the environmental liability of the Department 
                        by accelerating the processing of uranium from 
                        stockpiles designated as waste;
                            (iv) uranium from a high-enriched uranium 
                        stockpile, which can be blended with lower 
                        assay uranium to become HALEU to meet the needs 
                        of advanced nuclear reactor developers; and
                            (v) uranium from stockpiles intended for 
                        other purposes, but for which uranium could be 
                        swapped or replaced in time in such a manner 
                        that would not negatively impact the missions 
                        of the Department;
                    (B) options for expanding, or establishing new, 
                capabilities or infrastructure to support the 
                processing of uranium from Department inventories, 
                including options that may be mutually beneficial to 
                the Department and to U.S. nuclear energy companies;
                    (C) options for accelerating the availability of 
                HALEU from HALEU enrichment demonstration projects of 
                the Department;
                    (D) options for providing HALEU from domestically 
                enriched HALEU procured by the Department through a 
                competitive process pursuant to the Nuclear Fuel 
                Security Program established under subsection (d)(1);
                    (E) options to replenish, as needed, Department 
                stockpiles of uranium made available pursuant to 
                subparagraph (A) with domestically enriched HALEU 
                procured by the Department through a competitive 
                process pursuant to the Nuclear Fuel Security Program 
                established under subsection (d)(1); and
                    (F) options that combine 1 or more of the 
                approaches described in subparagraphs (A) through (E) 
                to meet the deadlines described in paragraph (2).
            (4) Limitation.--The Secretary shall not barter or 
        otherwise sell or transfer uranium in any form in exchange for 
        services relating to--
                    (A) the final disposition of radioactive waste from 
                uranium that is the subject of a contract for sale, 
                resale, transfer, or lease under this subsection; or
                    (B) environmental cleanup activities.
            (5) Sunset.--The authority of the Secretary to carry out 
        activities under this subsection shall terminate on the date on 
        which the Secretary notifies Congress that the HALEU needs of 
        advanced nuclear reactor developers can be fully met by 
        commercial HALEU suppliers in the United States, as determined 
        by the Secretary, in consultation with U.S. nuclear energy 
        companies.
    (h) Authority.--In carrying out the Programs, the Secretary, in 
coordination with the Secretary of State (where applicable)--
            (1) may--
                    (A) in addition to exercising the authority granted 
                to the Secretary under any other provision of law, 
                enter into transactions (other than contracts, 
                cooperative agreements, financial assistance 
                agreements, or the provision of any other financial 
                assistance) with an ally or partner nation, a U.S. 
                nuclear energy company, or any other domestic or 
                foreign entity for any activity to carry out the 
                Programs, including the acquisition or provision of 
                uranium, conversion services, enrichment services, LEU, 
                HALEU, and related goods and services;
                    (B) notwithstanding section 161 u. of the Atomic 
                Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2201(u)), enter into 
                contracts and other arrangements of such duration as 
                the Secretary determines to be necessary;
                    (C) make acquisitions for the Programs through the 
                use of competitive selection processes that the 
                Secretary determines to be appropriate to achieve the 
                objectives described in subsection (b) in an 
                expeditious manner;
                    (D)(i) establish milestones for achieving specified 
                objectives, including the production of LEU and HALEU 
                in quantities and timeframes described in this section; 
                and
                    (ii) provide awards and other forms of incentives 
                for meeting those milestones; and
                    (E) provide loan guarantees, other financial 
                assistance, or assistance in the form of revenue 
                guarantees or similar mechanisms; and
            (2) shall ensure that amounts charged to the Secretary for 
        the acquisition or provision of uranium, conversion services, 
        enrichment services, LEU, HALEU, and other goods and services 
        under the Programs provide, in the opinion of the Secretary, in 
        consultation with U.S. nuclear energy companies, reasonable 
        compensation, taking into account--
                    (A) the fair market value of the good or service 
                acquired or provided;
                    (B) the cost recovery requirements of the 
                consortium; and
                    (C) the objectives described in subsection (b).
    (i) Domestic Sourcing Considerations.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary may only carry out an activity in connection with 1 
        or more of the Programs if--
                    (A) the activity promotes manufacturing in the 
                United States associated with uranium supply chains; or
                    (B) the activity relies on resources, materials, or 
                equipment developed or produced--
                            (i) in the United States; or
                            (ii) in a country described in any of 
                        subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection 
                        (c)(2) by--
                                    (I) an ally or partner nation;
                                    (II) an associated entity; or
                                    (III) a U.S. nuclear energy 
                                company.
            (2) Waiver.--The Secretary may waive the requirements of 
        paragraph (1) with respect to an activity if the Secretary 
        determines a waiver to be necessary to achieve 1 or more of the 
        objectives described in subsection (b).
    (j) Reasonable Compensation.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out activities under this 
        section, the Secretary shall ensure that any LEU and HALEU made 
        available by the Secretary under 1 or more of the Programs is 
        subject to reasonable compensation, taking into account the 
        fair market value of the LEU or HALEU and the purposes of this 
        section.
            (2) Availability of certain funds.--Notwithstanding section 
        3302 of title 31, United States Code, revenues received from 
        the sale or transfer of fuel feed material and other activities 
        related to making LEU and HALEU available pursuant to this 
        section--
                    (A) shall be available to the Department for 
                carrying out the purposes of this section, to reduce 
                the need for further appropriations for those purposes; 
                and
                    (B) shall remain available until expended.
    (k) Exclusions.--The Secretary may not carry out an activity in 
connection with the Programs with an entity that is--
            (1) owned or controlled by the Government of the Russian 
        Federation or the Government of the People's Republic of China; 
        or
            (2) organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to 
        the jurisdiction of, the Russian Federation or the People's 
        Republic of China.
    (l) Nuclear Regulatory Commission.--The Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission shall prioritize and expedite consideration of any action 
related to the Programs to the extent permitted under the Atomic Energy 
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.) and related statutes.
    (m) USEC Privatization Act.--
            (1) In general.--The requirements of section 3112 of the 
        USEC Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h-10) shall not apply to 
        activities related to the Programs.
            (2) Amendment.--Section 3112A(c)(2)(A) of the USEC 
        Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h-10a(c)(2)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) in clause (xii), by inserting ``and'' after the 
                semicolon at the end;
                    (B) by striking clauses (xiii) through (xxvii); and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(xiii) in calendar year 2026 and each 
                        calendar year thereafter, 0 kilograms.''.
    (n) Prohibition on Importation of Uranium From the Russian 
Federation and the People's Republic of China.--
            (1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 3112A of the USEC 
        Privatization Act (42 U.S.C. 2297h-10a) or any other provision 
        of law, the importation of articles of the Russian Federation 
        or the People's Republic of China classifiable under subheading 
        2612.10, 2844.10, 2844.20, 2844.30.20, or 2844.30.50 of the 
        Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is prohibited.
            (2) Waiver of prohibition.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary may waive the 
                prohibition under paragraph (1) with respect to an 
                article if the Secretary, in consultation with the 
                Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, 
                determines that--
                            (i) no viable source of alternative supply 
                        of the article is available to sustain 
                        continued operation of a nuclear reactor in the 
                        United States; or
                            (ii) importation of the article from a 
                        country other than the Russian Federation or 
                        the People's Republic of China is in the 
                        interest of national security.
                    (B) Notification to congress.--Not later than 60 
                days before issuing a waiver under subparagraph (A), 
                the Secretary shall notify the Committee on Energy and 
                Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on 
                Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives of 
                the intent to issue the waiver, including a 
                justification for the waiver.
                    (C) Expiration of waiver authority.--The authority 
                provided to the Secretary under subparagraph (A) 
                expires on December 31, 2025.
            (3) Effective date.--Paragraph (1) applies with respect to 
        articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, 
        on or after the date that is 45 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act.
    (o) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary--
            (1) for the Nuclear Fuel Security Program, $3,500,000,000 
        for fiscal year 2023, to remain available until September 30, 
        2031, of which the Secretary may use $1,000,000,000 by 
        September 30, 2028, to carry out the HALEU for Advanced Nuclear 
        Reactor Demonstration Projects Program; and
            (2) for the American Assured Fuel Supply Program of the 
        Department, as expanded under this section, such sums as are 
        necessary for the period of fiscal years 2023 through 2030, to 
        remain available until September 30, 2031.

SEC. 15. ISOTOPE DEMONSTRATION AND ADVANCED NUCLEAR RESEARCH 
              INFRASTRUCTURE ENHANCEMENT.

    (a) Evaluation and Establishment of Isotope Demonstration 
Program.--Section 952(a)(2)(A) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16272(a)(2)(A)) is amended by striking ``shall evaluate the 
technical and economic feasibility of the establishment of'' and 
inserting ``shall evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of, 
and, if feasible, is authorized to establish,''.
    (b) Advanced Nuclear Research Infrastructure Enhancement.--Section 
954(a)(5) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16274(a)(5)) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F); 
        and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
                    ``(E) Fuel services.--The Secretary shall expand 
                the Research Reactor Infrastructure subprogram of the 
                Radiological Facilities Management program of the 
                Department carried out under paragraph (6) to provide 
                fuel services to research reactors established under 
                this paragraph.''.

SEC. 16. REPORT ON CIVIL NUCLEAR CREDIT PROGRAM.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a report that identifies the anticipated funding requirements 
for the civil nuclear credit program described in section 40323 of the 
Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (42 U.S.C. 18753), taking into 
account--
            (1) the zero-emission nuclear power production credit 
        authorized by section 45U of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; 
        and
            (2) any increased fuel costs associated with the use of 
        domestic fuel that may arise from the implementation of that 
        program.
                                 <all>