Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021
Bill: H.R.2153 | Sponsor: Rep. Lucas, Frank D. (R-OK)
Policy area: Science, Technology, Communications

Summary:
Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021
This bill extends through FY2031 the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the Office of Science of the Department of Energy, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
The bill authorizes programs, projects, and activities, including those regarding (1) federal research security; (2) a National Supply Chain Database; (3) basic energy sciences research and advanced scientific computing research; (4) establishment and operation of Regional Energy Innovation Centers; (5) establishment of a carbon sequestration research initiative; (6) establishment of a NIST Foundation; (7) establishment of a technology transfer office in NOAA; (8) science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science (STEM) workforce development; and (9) establishment of an Energy Foundation.
The OSTP shall
The Office of Science shall continue to leverage U.S. participation in the Large Hadron Collider, prioritize international partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and prioritize international collaboration that would provide U.S. researchers access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world.
The Government Accountability Office shall evaluate NIST's Center for Neutron Research.
The NSF shall contract the National Academy of Public Administration to study the organizational and management structure of the NSF.

To invest in basic scientific research and support technology 
innovation for the economic and national security of the United States, 
                        and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Securing American Leadership in 
Science and Technology Act of 2021''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Purposes.
TITLE I--NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY AND OFFICE OF SCIENCE 
                         AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY

          Subtitle A--National Science and Technology Strategy

Sec. 101. National science and technology strategy.
Sec. 102. Quadrennial science and technology review.
          Subtitle B--Office of Science and Technology Policy

Sec. 111. Authorization of appropriations.
               TITLE II--RESEARCH SECURITY AND INTEGRITY

Sec. 201. Foreign talent program prohibition.
Sec. 202. Computing enclave pilot program.
Sec. 203. Protecting research from cyber theft.
Sec. 204. Chinese Research Funds Accounting Act.
        TITLE III--SUPPLY CHAIN AND CRITICAL MATERIALS SECURITY

Sec. 301. National supply chain database.
Sec. 302. Critical minerals mining research and development at the 
                            National Science Foundation.
Sec. 303. Advanced Recycling Research and Development.
Sec. 304. Critical minerals interagency subcommittee.
Sec. 305. Heavy freight autonomous trucking research corridor.
Sec. 306. NIST UAV challenges and credentialing program.
                     TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                     Subtitle A--Office of Science

Sec. 401. Definitions.
Sec. 402. Basic energy sciences.
Sec. 403. Advanced scientific computing research.
Sec. 404. High energy physics.
Sec. 405. Biological and environmental research.
Sec. 406. Fusion energy.
Sec. 407. Nuclear physics.
Sec. 408. Science laboratories infrastructure program.
Sec. 409. Authorization of appropriations.
          Subtitle B--Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

Sec. 411. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy Update.
              Subtitle C--DOE Clean Energy Infrastructure

Sec. 421. Regional Energy Innovation Centers.
Sec. 422. Versatile neutron source.
Sec. 423. Carbon sequestration research and development program.
Sec. 424. Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy.
Sec. 425. Energy Storage Grand Challenge.
Sec. 426. Critical infrastructure research and construction.
        TITLE V--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

Sec. 501. Findings.
Sec. 502. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 503. NIST Facilities Modernization Fund.
Sec. 504. Cybersecurity research.
Sec. 505. Internet of things.
Sec. 506. Composites research.
Sec. 507. Enabling the future bioeconomy.
Sec. 508. International standards development.
Sec. 509. Review of the Center for Neutron Research.
Sec. 510. Hiring and management.
Sec. 511. National Institute of Standards and Technology Foundation.
Sec. 512. MEP outreach.
Sec. 513. Definitions.
       TITLE VI--NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

Sec. 601. Establishment of a technology transfer office.
Sec. 602. Technology transfer and transitions assessment.
Sec. 603. National Mesonet Program.
Sec. 604. Severe weather extramural testbeds.
Sec. 605. Next generation digital radar.
Sec. 606. Fellowships.
Sec. 607. Commercial data report update.
Sec. 608. Report on National Weather Service Internet bandwidth 
                            shortage.
Sec. 609. NAPA Study.
Sec. 610. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 611. Definitions.
                 TITLE VII--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Sec. 701. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 702. NSF organizational review.
Sec. 703. Ethics and security plans.
Sec. 704. Major research instrumentation update.
Sec. 705. NSF research security.
Sec. 706. Reproducibility in science.
Sec. 707. Public-private partnerships.
Sec. 708. EPSCoR.
Sec. 709. Definitions.
            TITLE VIII--STEM WORKFORCE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Sec. 801. Findings; sense of Congress.
Sec. 802. Advanced technical education and skilled technical workforce.
Sec. 803. Graduate Research Fellowship Program update.
Sec. 804. Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program Sense of Congress.
Sec. 805. Innovations in informal STEM learning.
Sec. 806. AI traineeships and fellowships.
Sec. 807. Cybersecurity workforce development at Federal science 
                            agencies.
Sec. 808. Broadening participation.
              TITLE IX--TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND INNOVATION

Sec. 901. Federal laboratory computer programs update.
Sec. 902. Extend CRADA information protection period.
Sec. 903. Stevenson-Wydler Act authority update.
Sec. 904. Royalty payments to Federal employees update.
Sec. 905. Government intellectual property clarification.
Sec. 906. Clarifying CRADA authority.
Sec. 907. Expansion of agreements for commercializing technology 
                            authority.
Sec. 908. Other transaction authority.
Sec. 909. Nonprofit foundations.
Sec. 910. Improving reporting and metrics.
Sec. 911. Innovative approaches to technology transfer.
Sec. 912. DOE public-private partnerships for commercialization.
Sec. 913. Department of Energy Foundation.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

    The purpose of this Act is to ensure the continued leadership of 
the United States in science and technology by--
            (1) providing for a coordinated national science and 
        technology strategy for the economic and national security of 
        the United States;
            (2) prioritizing investment in Federal basic research by 
        authorizing a doubling of basic research funding over the next 
        10 years at the Department of Energy, the National Science 
        Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
        and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
            (3) providing for investment in key areas necessary for the 
        competitiveness of the United States, including computing, 
        cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and autonomous 
        technology, materials and advanced manufacturing, energy and 
        climate, and the biosciences;
            (4) improving the security and integrity of American 
        research and development;
            (5) providing for investment in critical science and 
        technology infrastructure to maintain world-class research and 
        user facilities;
            (6) expanding the STEM workforce at all levels to meet the 
        demands of a 21st century economy;
            (7) promoting regional innovation to support local economic 
        growth across all regions of the United States;
            (8) maximizing the effectiveness of the Federal 
        Government's research and development activities;
            (9) promoting collaboration among the Federal Government, 
        Federal laboratories, universities, and industry; and
            (10) improving technology transfer from the Federal 
        Government and Federal laboratories to the private sector for 
        commercialization.

TITLE I--NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY AND OFFICE OF SCIENCE 
                         AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY

          Subtitle A--National Science and Technology Strategy

SEC. 101. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY.

    Section 206 of the National Science and Technology Policy, 
Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6615) is amended to 
read as follows:

``SEC. 206. NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than the end of each calendar year 
immediately after the calendar year in which a review under section 
206b is completed, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy, in consultation with the National Science and Technology 
Council, shall develop and submit to Congress a comprehensive national 
science and technology strategy of the United States to meet national 
research and development objectives for the following 4-year period (in 
this Act referred to as `the national science and technology 
strategy').
    ``(b) Requirements.--Each national science and technology strategy 
required by subsection (a) shall delineate a national science and 
technology strategy consistent with--
            ``(1) the recommendations and priorities developed by the 
        review established in section 206b;
            ``(2) the most recent national security strategy report 
        submitted pursuant to section 1032 of the National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (50 U.S.C. 3043);
            ``(3) other relevant national plans; and
            ``(4) the strategic plans of relevant Federal departments 
        and agencies.
    ``(c) Consultation.--The Director shall consult as necessary with 
the Office of Management and Budget and other appropriate elements of 
the Executive Office of the President to ensure that the 
recommendations and priorities delineated in the science and technology 
strategy are incorporated in the development of annual budget requests.
    ``(d) Report.--The President shall submit to Congress each year a 
comprehensive report on the national science and technology strategy of 
the United States. Each report on the national science and technology 
strategy of the United States shall include a description of--
            ``(1) strategic objectives and priorities necessary to 
        maintain the leadership of the United States in science and 
        technology, including near-term, medium-term, and long-term 
        research priorities;
            ``(2) programs, policies, and activities that the President 
        recommends across all Federal agencies to achieve the strategic 
        objectives in paragraph (1); and
            ``(3) global trends in science and technology, including 
        potential threats to the leadership of the United States in 
        science and technology.
    ``(e) Publication.--The Director shall, consistent with the 
protection of national security and other sensitive matters to the 
maximum extent practicable, make each report submitted under subsection 
(e) publicly available on an internet website of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy.''.

SEC. 102. QUADRENNIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and 
Priorities Act of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 6601 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 206 the following:

``SEC. 206B. QUADRENNIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REVIEW.

    ``(a) Requirements.--
            ``(1) Quadrennial reviews required.--Not later than 
        December 31, 2022, and every 4 years thereafter, the Director 
        of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall complete a 
        review of the science and technology enterprise of the United 
        States (in this section referred to as the `quadrennial science 
        and technology review').
            ``(2) Scope.--The quadrennial science and technology review 
        shall be a comprehensive examination of the science and 
        technology strategy of the United States, including 
        recommendations for maintaining global leadership in science 
        and technology and guidance on the coordination of programs, 
        assets, capabilities, budget, policies, and authorities across 
        all Federal research and development programs.
            ``(3) Consultation.--The Director of the Office of Science 
        and Technology shall conduct each quadrennial science and 
        technology review under this subsection in consultation with--
                    ``(A) the National Science and Technology Council;
                    ``(B) the heads of other relevant Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) the President's Council of Advisors on 
                Science and Technology;
                    ``(D) the National Science Board;
                    ``(E) the National Security Council; and
                    ``(F) other relevant governmental and 
                nongovernmental entities, including representatives 
                from industry, institutions of higher education, 
                nonprofit institutions, Members of Congress, and other 
                policy experts.
            ``(4) Coordination.--The Director shall ensure that each 
        quadrennial science and technology review conducted under this 
        section is coordinated with other relevant statutorily required 
        reviews, and to the maximum extent practicable incorporates 
        information and recommendations from existing reviews to avoid 
        duplication.
    ``(b) Contents.--In each quadrennial science and technology review, 
the Director shall--
            ``(1) provide an integrated view of, and recommendations 
        for, science and technology policy across the Federal 
        Government, while considering economic and national security;
            ``(2) assess and recommend priorities for research, 
        development and demonstration programs to maintain American 
        leadership in science and technology;
            ``(3) assess the global competition in science and 
        technology and identify potential threats to the leadership of 
        the United States in science and technology;
            ``(4) assess and make recommendations on the science, 
        technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science 
        workforce in the United States;
            ``(5) assess and make recommendations to improve regional 
        innovation across the United States;
            ``(6) assess and make recommendations to improve 
        translation of basic research and the enhancement of technology 
        transfer of federally funded research;
            ``(7) assess and identify the infrastructure and tools 
        needed to maintain the leadership of the United States in 
        science and technology; and
            ``(8) review administrative or legislative policies that 
        affect the science and technology enterprise and identify and 
        make recommendations on policies that hinder research and 
        development in the United States.
    ``(c) Reporting.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than December 31 of the year 
        in which a quadrennial science and technology review is 
        conducted, the Director shall submit a report of the review to 
        Congress.
            ``(2) Publication.--The Director shall, consistent with the 
        protection of national security and other sensitive matters to 
        the maximum extent possible, make each report submitted under 
        paragraph (1) publicly available on an internet website of the 
        Office of Science and Technology Policy.''.

          Subtitle B--Office of Science and Technology Policy

SEC. 111. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy--
            (1) $5,544,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            (2) $6,100,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            (3) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            (4) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            (5) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2026;
            (6) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2027;
            (7) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
            (8) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2029;
            (9) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
            (10) $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2031.

               TITLE II--RESEARCH SECURITY AND INTEGRITY

SEC. 201. FOREIGN TALENT PROGRAM PROHIBITION.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, each Federal research agency head shall develop 
a policy to prohibit all agency personnel, including Federal employees, 
contract employees, independent contractors, and special government 
employees, from participating in a foreign government talent 
recruitment program.
    (b) Coordination.--The Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, acting through the National Science and Technology 
Council and in accordance with the authority provided under section 
1746 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 
(Public Law 116-92; 42 U.S.C. 6601 note) shall to the maximum extent 
practicable ensure that the policies developed by Federal research 
agencies under subsection (a) are consistent.
    (c) Exemption.--Each policy developed under subsection (a) shall 
include an exemption for participation in international conferences or 
other international exchanges, partnerships or programs, as sanctioned 
or approved by each Federal research agency head or their designee.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Federal research agency.--The term ``Federal research 
        agency'' means any Federal agency with an annual extramural 
        research expenditure of over $100,000,000.
            (2) Foreign government talent recruitment program.--The 
        term ``foreign government talent recruitment program'' means 
        any program that includes compensation, including cash, 
        research funding, honorific titles, promised future 
        compensation, or other types of remuneration, provided by the 
        foreign state or an entity sponsored by the foreign state to 
        the targeted individual in exchange for the individual 
        transferring knowledge and expertise to the foreign country.

SEC. 202. COMPUTING ENCLAVE PILOT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, 
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology and the Secretary of Energy, shall award 
grants to establish a pilot program to ensure the security of federally 
supported research data and to assist regional institutions of higher 
education and their researchers in compliance with regulations 
regarding the safeguarding of sensitive information and other relevant 
regulations and Federal guidelines.
    (b) Structure.--In carrying out the pilot program established 
pursuant to subsection (a), the Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall select three institutions of higher education from 
among institutions classified under the Indiana University Center for 
Postsecondary Research Carnegie Classification as a doctorate-granting 
university with a very high level of research activity, and with a 
history of working with secure information for the development, 
installation, maintenance, or sustainment of secure computing enclaves.
    (c) Regionalization.--
            (1) In selecting universities pursuant to subsection (b), 
        the Director of the National Science Foundation shall give 
        preference to institutions of higher education with the 
        capability of serving other regional universities.
            (2) The enclaves should be geographically dispersed to 
        better meet the needs of regional interests.
    (d) Program Elements.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall work with institutions of higher education selected 
pursuant to subsection (b) to--
            (1) develop an approved design blueprint for compliance 
        with Federal data protection protocols;
            (2) develop a comprehensive and confidential list, or a 
        bill of materials, of each binary component of the software, 
        firmware, or product that is required to deploy additional 
        secure computing enclaves;
            (3) develop templates for all policies and procedures 
        required to operate the secure computing enclave in a research 
        setting;
            (4) develop a system security plan template; and
            (5) develop a process for managing a plan of action and 
        milestones for the secure computing enclave.
    (e) Duration.--The pilot program established pursuant to subsection 
(a) shall operate for not less than 3 years.
    (f) Report.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall report to Congress not later than 6 months 
        after the completion of the pilot program under subsection (a).
            (2) Contents.--The report required under paragraph (1) 
        shall include--
                    (A) an assessment of the pilot program under 
                subsection (a), including an assessment of the security 
                benefits provided by such secure computing enclaves;
                    (B) recommendations related to the value of 
                expanding the network of secure computing enclaves; and
                    (C) recommendations on the efficacy of the use of 
                secure computing enclaves by other Federal agencies in 
                a broader effort to expand security of Federal 
                research.

SEC. 203. PROTECTING RESEARCH FROM CYBER THEFT.

    (a) Improving Cybersecurity of Institutions of Higher Education.--
Section 2(e)(1)(A) of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(e)(1)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (viii), by striking ``and'' after the 
        semicolon;
            (2) by redesignating clause (ix) as clause (x); and
            (3) by inserting after clause (viii) the following:
                            ``(ix) consider institutions of higher 
                        education (as defined in section 101 of the 
                        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)); 
                        and''.
    (b) Dissemination of Resources for Research Institutions.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Director shall, using the 
        authorities of the Director under subsections (c)(15) and 
        (e)(1)(A)(ix) of section 2 of the National Institute of 
        Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272), as amended by 
        subsection (a), disseminate and make publicly available 
        resources to help research institutions and institutions of 
        higher education identify, assess, manage, and reduce their 
        cybersecurity risk related to conducting research.
            (2) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that the 
        resources disseminated pursuant to paragraph (1)--
                    (A) are generally applicable and usable by a wide 
                range of research institutions and institutions of 
                higher education;
                    (B) vary with the nature and size of the 
                implementing research institutions or institutions of 
                higher education, and the nature and sensitivity of the 
                data collected or stored on the information systems or 
                devices of the implementing research institutions or 
                institutions of higher education;
                    (C) include elements that promote awareness of 
                simple, basic controls, a workplace cybersecurity 
                culture, and third-party stakeholder relationships, to 
                assist research institutions or institutions of higher 
                education in mitigating common cybersecurity risks;
                    (D) include case studies of practical application;
                    (E) are technology-neutral and can be implemented 
                using technologies that are commercial and off-the-
                shelf; and
                    (F) to the extent practicable, are based on 
                international standards.
            (3) National cybersecurity awareness and education 
        program.--The Director shall ensure that the resources 
        disseminated under paragraph (1) are consistent with the 
        efforts of the Director under section 401 of the Cybersecurity 
        Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 7451).
            (4) Updates.--The Director shall review periodically and 
        update the resources under paragraph (1) as the Director 
        determines appropriate.
            (5) Voluntary resources.--The use of the resources 
        disseminated under paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.
            (6) Other federal cybersecurity requirements.--Nothing in 
        this section may be construed to supersede, alter, or otherwise 
        affect any cybersecurity requirements applicable to Federal 
        agencies.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
            (2) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001).
            (3) Resources.--The term ``resources'' means guidelines, 
        tools, best practices, standards, methodologies, and other ways 
        of providing information.
            (4) Research institution.--The term ``research 
        institution''--
                    (A) means a nonprofit institution (as defined in 
                section 4(3) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
                Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703(3))); and
                    (B) includes federally funded research and 
                development centers, as identified by the National 
                Science Foundation in accordance with the Federal 
                Acquisition Regulation issued in accordance with 
                section 1303(a)(1) of title 41 (or any successor 
                regulation).

SEC. 204. CHINESE RESEARCH FUNDS ACCOUNTING ACT.

    (a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study on Federal funding made available to covered entities 
for research during the study period.
    (b) Matters To Be Included.--The study conducted under subsection 
(a) shall include, to the extent practicable with respect to the study 
period, an assessment of--
            (1) the total amount of Federal funding made available to 
        covered entities for research;
            (2) the total number and types of covered entities to whom 
        such funding was made available;
            (3) the requirements relating to the awarding, tracking, 
        and monitoring of such funding;
            (4) any other data available with respect to Federal 
        funding made available to covered entities for research; and
            (5) other matters the Comptroller General determines 
        appropriate.
    (c) Briefing on Available Data.--Not later than 120 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall brief the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate on the data that is available with respect to 
Federal funding made available to covered entities for research.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 240 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional 
committees specified in subsection (c) a report on the findings of the 
study conducted under subsection (a).
    (e) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means an 
        entity--
                    (A) located in the People's Republic of China; or
                    (B) majority owned or controlled by the Chinese 
                Communist Party.
            (2) Study period.--The term ``study period'' means the 5-
        year period ending on the date of enactment of this Act.

        TITLE III--SUPPLY CHAIN AND CRITICAL MATERIALS SECURITY

SEC. 301. NATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN DATABASE.

    (a) Establishment of National Supply Chain Database.--The Director 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (referred to in 
this section as ``NIST'') shall establish a National Supply Chain 
Database.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the National Supply Chain Database 
shall be to assist the Federal government and industry sectors in 
minimizing disruptions to the United States supply chain by having an 
assessment of United States manufacturers' capabilities.
    (c) Study on National Supply Chain Database.--In establishing the 
National Supply Chain Database, the Director of NIST shall take into 
consideration the findings and recommendations from the study 
authorized in section 9413 of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283), including measures to secure 
and protect the National Supply Chain Database from adversarial attacks 
and vulnerabilities.
    (d) Database and Manufacturing Extension Partnership.--
            (1) In general.--The National Supply Chain Database shall 
        be carried out and managed through the Hollings Manufacturing 
        Extension Partnership program and the Director of NIST shall 
        ensure that the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        Centers are connected to the National Supply Chain Database.
            (2) Capabilities.--The National Supply Chain Database shall 
        be capable of providing a national view of the supply chain and 
        enable authorized database users to determine in near real-time 
        the United States manufacturing capabilities for critical 
        products, including defense supplies, food, and medical 
        devices, including personal protective equipment.
            (3) Individual state databases.--Each State's supply chain 
        database maintained by the NIST-recognized Manufacturing 
        Extension Partnership Center within the State shall be 
        complementary in design to the National Supply Chain Database.
    (e) Maintenance of National Supply Chain Database.--The Director of 
NIST through the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership program 
shall maintain the National Supply Chain Database as an integration of 
the State level databases from each State's Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Center and may be populated with information from past, 
current, or potential Center clients.
    (f) Exempt From Public Disclosure.--The National Supply Chain 
Database and any information related to it not publicly released by 
NIST shall be exempt from public disclosure under section 552 of title 
5, United States Code, and access to non-public content shall be 
limited to the contributing company and Manufacturing Extension 
Partnership Center staff who sign an appropriate non-disclosure 
agreement.

SEC. 302. CRITICAL MINERALS MINING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT THE 
              NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION.

    (a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall award grants, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher 
education or nonprofit organizations (or consortium of such 
institutions or organizations) to support basic research that will 
accelerate innovation to advance critical minerals mining strategies 
and technologies for the purpose of making better use of domestic 
resources and eliminating national reliance on minerals and mineral 
materials that are subject to supply disruptions.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Activities funded by a grant under this section 
may include--
            (1) advancing mining research and development activities to 
        develop new mapping and mining technologies and techniques, 
        including advanced critical mineral extraction, production, 
        separation, alloying, or processing techniques and technologies 
        that can decrease energy intensity, potential environmental 
        impact and costs of those activities;
            (2) conducting long-term earth observatory of reclaimed 
        mine sites, including the study of the evolution of microbial 
        diversity at such sites;
            (3) examining the application of artificial intelligence 
        for geological exploration of critical minerals, including what 
        the size and diversity of data sets would be required;
            (4) examining the application of machine learning for 
        detection and sorting of critical minerals, including what the 
        size and diversity of data sets would be required;
            (5) conducting detailed isotope studies of critical 
        minerals and the development of more refined geologic models; 
        or
            (6) providing training and researcher opportunities to 
        undergraduate and graduate students to prepare the next 
        generation of mining engineers and researchers.

SEC. 303. ADVANCED RECYCLING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Short Title.--This section may be cited as the ``Advanced 
Recycling Research and Development Act of 2021''.
    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            (2) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
            (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
            (4) Recyclable plastic.--The term ``recyclable plastic'' 
        means plastic that is designed to be readily, economically, and 
        efficiently recyclable or otherwise recoverable for beneficial 
        use.
            (5) Critical material.--The term ``critical material'' 
        means material that serves an essential function in the 
        manufacturing of a product and has a high risk of a supply 
        disruption, such that a shortage of such material would have 
        significant consequences for the economic or national security 
        of the United States.
            (6) Composite.--The term ``composite'' means plastic 
        reinforced with fiber or particulate secondary material like 
        bio-derived fibers, carbon fibers, glass or any other solid 
        material.
    (c) Optimized Plastics Recycling Research and Development 
Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research, 
        development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation 
        in energy-efficient recyclable plastics, next-generation 
        plastics, and composites recycling and upcycling strategies and 
        technologies, in order to increase the economic value of 
        plastics supply streams and to reduce the environmental impact 
        of global plastics consumption.
            (2) Execution.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) develop novel collection and sorting 
                technologies to prevent plastics and composites, 
                including waterborne plastics, from entering landfills 
                and the marine environment;
                    (B) develop biological, chemical, and hybrid bio-
                chemical technologies and methods for deconstructing 
                plastic and composite waste, including environmental 
                waste, into useful chemical and material streams;
                    (C) develop technologies to upcycle waste, 
                including chemical, material, and gaseous streams, into 
                higher-value products;
                    (D) develop new economically recyclable-by-design 
                plastics and composites that can be scaled for domestic 
                manufacturability and recovery;
                    (E) develop new energy-efficient advanced 
                manufacturing techniques for reclaimed plastics and 
                composites; and
                    (F) develop new data collection methods and 
                practices in collaboration with relevant Federal 
                agencies.
            (3) Leveraging.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall leverage resources and 
        expertise from--
                    (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and the 
                Biological and Environmental Research Program of the 
                Office of Science; and
                    (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy.
            (4) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall periodically 
        review activities carried out under the program under this 
        subsection to determine the achievement of technical milestones 
        as determined by the Secretary.
            (5) Funding.--
                    (A) In general.--From within funds authorized to be 
                appropriated--
                            (i) to the Department's Office of Science, 
                        there shall be made available to the Secretary 
                        to carry out the program under this subsection 
                        $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
                        through 2026; and
                            (ii) to the Department's Office of Energy 
                        Efficiency and Renewable Energy, there shall be 
                        made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                        the program under this subsection $25,000,000 
                        for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
                    (B) Prohibition.--In carrying out the program under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall not use funds made 
                available under paragraph (1) for commercial 
                application of energy technology.
    (d) Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Research and Development 
Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research, 
        development, and demonstration program to support the 
        development of--
                    (A) advanced materials for batteries with 
                considerations given to resource availability and 
                environmentally benign disposal and recycling; and
                    (B) innovative technologies to reclaim and recycle 
                critical materials from advanced and lithium-ion based 
                battery technologies used in consumer electronics, 
                defense, stationary storage, and transportation 
                applications.
            (2) Execution.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) promote the discovery of new domestically 
                sourced raw materials for batteries that can degrade 
                without causing damage to the environment;
                    (B) develop innovative and cost-effective 
                technologies and processes for the collection, storage, 
                and transportation of discarded lithium-ion batteries 
                that use domestic mining resources and increase 
                availability of domestically sourced raw materials for 
                batteries; and
                    (C) develop cost-effective recycling processes to 
                recover critical materials from discarded lithium-ion 
                batteries and enable their reintroduction in new 
                lithium-ion cell technologies and for use in other 
                relevant industries.
            (3) Leveraging.--In carrying out the program under this 
        subsection, the Secretary shall leverage resources and 
        expertise from--
                    (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program of the Office 
                of Science;
                    (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy, including current lithium-ion battery recycling 
                activities supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office 
                within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 
                Energy; and
                    (C) the Office of Technology Transitions.
            (4) Standard of review.--The Secretary shall periodically 
        review activities carried out under the program under this 
        subsection to determine the achievement of technical milestones 
        as determined by the Secretary.
            (5) Funding.--
                    (A) In general.--From within funds authorized to be 
                appropriated--
                            (i) to the Department's Office of Science, 
                        there shall be made available to the Secretary 
                        to carry out the activities under this 
                        subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                        2022 through 2026; and
                            (ii) to the Department's Office of Energy 
                        Efficiency and Renewable Energy, there shall be 
                        made available to the Secretary to carry out 
                        the activities under this subsection 
                        $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
                        through 2026.
                    (B) Prohibition.--In carrying out the program under 
                this subsection, the Secretary shall not use funds made 
                available under subparagraph (A) for commercial 
                application of energy technology.

SEC. 304. CRITICAL MINERALS INTERAGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE.

    (a) In General.--The Critical Minerals Subcommittee of the National 
Science and Technology Council (referred to in this section as 
``Subcommittee'') shall coordinate Federal science and technology 
efforts to ensure secure and reliable supplies of critical minerals to 
the United States.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Subcommittee shall be--
            (1) to advise and assist the Committee on Homeland and 
        National Security and the National Science and Technology 
        Council on United States policies, procedures, and plans as it 
        relates to critical minerals, including--
                    (A) Federal research, development, and deployment 
                efforts to optimize methods for extractions, 
                concentration, separation and purification of 
                conventional, secondary, and unconventional sources of 
                critical minerals;
                    (B) efficient use and reuse of critical minerals;
                    (C) the critical minerals workforce of the United 
                States; and
                    (D) United States private industry investments in 
                innovation and technology transfer from federally 
                funded science and technology;
            (2) to identify emerging opportunities, stimulate 
        international cooperation, and foster the development of secure 
        and reliable supply chains of critical minerals;
            (3) to ensure the transparency of information and data 
        related to critical minerals; and
            (4) to provide recommendations on coordination and 
        collaboration among the research, development, and deployment 
        programs and activities of Federal agencies to promote a secure 
        and reliable supply of critical minerals necessary to maintain 
        national security, economic well-being, and industrial 
        production.
    (c) Responsibilities.--In carrying out paragraphs (1) and (2), the 
Subcommittee may, taking into account the findings and recommendations 
of relevant advisory committees--
            (1) provide recommendations on how Federal agencies may 
        improve the topographic, geologic, and geophysical mapping of 
        the United States and improve the discoverability, 
        accessibility, and usability of the resulting and existing 
        data, to the extent permitted by law and subject to appropriate 
        limitation for purposes of privacy and security; assess the 
        progress towards developing critical minerals recycling and 
        reprocessing technologies, and technological alternatives to 
        critical minerals;
            (2) examine options for accessing and developing critical 
        minerals through investment and trade with our allies and 
        partners and provide recommendations;
            (3) evaluate and provide recommendations to incentivize the 
        development and use of advances in science and technology in 
        the private industry;
            (4) assess the need for and make recommendations to address 
        the challenges the United States critical minerals supply chain 
        workforce faces, including aging and retiring personnel and 
        faculty; public perceptions about the nature of mining and 
        mineral processing; and foreign competition for United States 
        talent;
            (5) develop, and update as necessary, a strategic plan to 
        guide Federal programs and activities to enhance scientific and 
        technical capabilities across critical mineral supply chains, 
        including a roadmap that identifies key research and 
        development needs and coordinates ongoing activities for source 
        diversification, more efficient use, recycling, and 
        substitution for critical minerals; as well as cross-cutting 
        mining science, data science techniques, materials science, 
        manufacturing science and engineering, computational modeling, 
        and environmental health and safety research and development; 
        and
            (6) report to the appropriate committees of Congress on 
        activities and findings under this section.

SEC. 305. HEAVY FREIGHT AUTONOMOUS TRUCKING RESEARCH CORRIDOR.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a Heavy 
Freight Autonomous Trucking Research Initiative to lay the foundation 
for the broad scale adoption of autonomous freight trucking.
    (b) Responsibilities.--In carrying out the Initiative established 
under subsection (a), the Secretary shall--
            (1) support and conduct research and development on 
        automated and connected freight trucking with private industry, 
        and industry associations, other Federal agencies, State and 
        local Transportation agencies, research universities, and a 
        National Transportation center selected under section 
        5505(c)(2) of title 49, United States Code; and
            (2) support or establish a heavy freight autonomous 
        trucking research and development corridor and related pilot 
        programs.
    (c) Research and Development Agenda.--The Secretary, in 
consultation with interested parties, shall establish an agenda for 
research and development conducted under subsection (b)(1) and the 
programs described in subsection (b)(2) that at a minimum, include--
            (1) analyzing, modeling, and piloting the feasibility and 
        benefits of dedicated autonomous trucking corridors, including 
        their impact on--
                    (A) long distance freight movement;
                    (B) supply chains that are critical to the United 
                States economy;
                    (C) fuel economy and emissions;
                    (D) transportation infrastructure;
                    (E) vehicle miles traveled;
                    (F) the freight trucking workforce; and
                    (G) safety, accidents, and fatalities; and
            (2) providing deployment guidance, including for--
                    (A) utilization costs models;
                    (B) cyber-physical security; and
                    (C) human factors, including training the next 
                generation of the transportation workforce.
    (d) Eligibility.--An institution of higher education (as defined by 
section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002)) or a 
consortium composed of nonprofits and institutions of higher education 
shall be eligible to receive grants under this program.
    (e) Selection Criteria.--In awarding a grant, the Secretary shall--
            (1) give preference to the recipient's past and current 
        collaboration with local and state transportation agencies in 
        activities related to section;
            (2) give preference to a recipient whose geographic 
        location offer access to long haul tucking corridors;
            (3) consider the extent to which an applicant's proposal 
        would involve participation by local, regional, and national 
        stakeholders; and
            (4) consider the local, regional, and national impacts of 
        the applicant's proposal.
    (f) Federal Share.--The Federal share of a grant under this 
subsection shall be 50 percent of the costs of establishing and 
operating the test corridor and related activities carried out by the 
grant recipient.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary $6,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2022 through 2026 for grants under this section.

SEC. 306. NIST UAV CHALLENGES AND CREDENTIALING PROGRAM.

    (a) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Research Challenge.--
            (1) Prize challenge.--Pursuant to section 24 of the 
        Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
        3719), the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Under 
        Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology (referred to 
        in this subsection as the ``Secretary''), shall, subject to 
        appropriations, carry out a program to partner with academic 
        institutions to award prizes competitively to stimulate 
        research and development of innovative unmanned aerial vehicle 
        (UAV) technologies in order to expand upon and improve 
        emergency response operations.
            (2) Plan for emergency response operations.--Each proposal 
        submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) shall include a plan for 
        UAV implementation in emergency response operations.
            (3) Prize amount.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary may award not more than a total of 
        $2,250,000 to one or more winners of the prize challenge.
            (4) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date on which 
        a prize is awarded under the prize challenge, the Secretary 
        shall submit to the relevant committees of Congress a report 
        that describes the winning proposal of the prize challenge.
            (5) Consultation.--In carrying out the program under 
        subsection (a), the Secretary may consult with the heads of 
        relevant departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
    (b) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Credentialing Program.--The Secretary 
shall partner with academic institutions to establish the measurements 
and standards infrastructure necessary for credentialing remote pilots, 
including implementation and demonstration of distributed pilot 
training and evaluation using standard test methods, and support flight 
test simulations.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $3,250,000 for 
fiscal years 2022 through 2032, of which not less than $1,000,000 shall 
be used to carry out subsection (b).

                     TITLE IV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

                     Subtitle A--Office of Science

SEC. 401. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the 
        Department of Energy.
            (2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the Office of Science of the Department.
            (3) National laboratory.--The term ``National Laboratory'' 
        has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy 
        Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.

SEC. 402. BASIC ENERGY SCIENCES.

    (a) In General.--Section 303 of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (e) as 
        subsections (b) through (f), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (1), the following:
    ``(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a fundamental research 
program in basic energy sciences, including materials sciences and 
engineering, chemical sciences, physical biosciences, and geosciences, 
in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies and to 
support Department missions in energy, environment, and national 
security.''.
    (b) Basic Energy Sciences User Facilities.--Paragraph (3) of 
subsection (c) of such section, as redesignated by subsection (a)(1), 
is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as subparagraph (E); 
        and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
                    ``(D) autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis 
                facilities that leverage advances in artificial 
                intelligence; and''.
    (c) Basic Energy Sciences Research Infrastructure.--Such section, 
as amended by subsection (a), is further amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(g) Basic Energy Sciences Research Infrastructure.--
            ``(1) Advanced photon source upgrade.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Photon Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and 
                a suite of beamlines optimized for this source.
                    ``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            ``(ii) Hard x-ray.--The term `hard x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy greater than 20 
                        kiloelectron volts.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before March 31, 2026.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) $106,200,000 for fiscal year 2022; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2023.
            ``(2) Spallation neutron source proton power upgrade.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                a proton power upgrade to the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                    ``(B) Proton power upgrade defined.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term `proton power 
                upgrade' means the Spallation Neutron Source power 
                upgrade described in--
                            ``(i) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        `Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook', published December 2003;
                            ``(ii) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        `Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
                        Year Outlook', published August 2007; and
                            ``(iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                        June 9, 2016, titled `Report on Facility 
                        Upgrades'.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2025.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $17,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) $7,800,000 for fiscal year 2024.
            ``(3) Spallation neutron source second target station.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                a second target station for the Spallation Neutron 
                Source.
                    ``(B) Definition of second target station.--For the 
                purposes of this paragraph, the term `second target 
                station' means the Spallation Neutron Source second 
                target station described in--
                            ``(i) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        `Facilities for the Future of Science: A 
                        Twenty-Year Outlook', published December 2003;
                            ``(ii) the publication of the Office of 
                        Science of the Department of Energy titled 
                        `Four Years Later: An Interim Report on 
                        Facilities for the Future of Science: A Twenty-
                        Year Outlook', published August 2007; and
                            ``(iii) the publication approved by the 
                        Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on 
                        June 9, 2016, titled `Report on Facility 
                        Upgrades'.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the second target station under 
                this paragraph occurs before December 31, 2030, with 
                the option for early operation in 2028.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out activities, including 
                construction, under this paragraph--
                            ``(i) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                            ``(v) $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(vi) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; 
                        and
                            ``(vii) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2028.
            ``(4) Advanced light source upgrade.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Advanced Light Source described in 
                the publication approved by the Basic Energy Sciences 
                Advisory Committee on June 9, 2016, titled `Report on 
                Facility Upgrades', including the development of a 
                multi-bend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of 
                coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region.
                    ``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) Flux.--The term `flux' means the rate 
                        of flow of photons.
                            ``(ii) Soft x-ray.--The term `soft x-ray' 
                        means a photon with energy in the range from 50 
                        to 2,000 electron volts.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2026.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $102,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; 
                        and
                            ``(iv) $21,500,000 for fiscal year 2025.
            ``(5) Linac coherent light source ii high energy upgrade.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for 
                the upgrade to the Linac Coherent Light Source II 
                facility described in the publication approved by the 
                Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee on June 9, 
                2016, titled `Report on Facility Upgrades', including 
                the development of experimental capabilities for high 
                energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific 
                discoveries. The Secretary shall ensure the upgrade 
                under this paragraph enables the production and use of 
                high energy, ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a 
                high repetition rate.
                    ``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph:
                            ``(i) High energy x-ray.--The term `high 
                        energy x-ray' means a photon with an energy in 
                        the 5 to 13 kiloelectron volt range.
                            ``(ii) High repetition rate.--The term 
                        `high repetition rate' means the delivery of x-
                        ray pulses up to 1 million pulses per second.
                            ``(iii) Ultra-short pulse x-rays.--The term 
                        `ultra-short pulse x-rays' means x-ray bursts 
                        capable of durations of less than 100 
                        femtoseconds.
                    ``(C) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start 
                of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph 
                occurs before December 31, 2026.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences, there shall be made available to the 
                Secretary to carry out the upgrade under this 
                paragraph--
                            ``(i) $87,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                            ``(ii) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                            ``(iii) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                            ``(iv) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; 
                        and
                            ``(v) $83,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.
    (d) Artificial Photosynthesis.--Subtitle G of title IX of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16311 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 973(b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
            ``(4)(A) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Basic 
        Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for 
        carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2022 through 2031.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of energy technology.''; and
            (2) in section 975(c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
            ``(4)(A) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Basic 
        Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the 
        Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 
        under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2031.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of energy technology.''.
    (e) Electricity Storage Research Initiative.--Section 975 of the 
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16315) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
            ``(4)(A) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Basic 
        Energy Sciences, the Secretary shall make available for 
        carrying out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for 
        each of fiscal years 2022 through 2031.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of energy technology.'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
            ``(4)(A) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Basic 
        Energy Sciences and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, the 
        Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 
        under this subsection $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2031.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of energy technology.''; and
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (4) and 
        inserting:
            ``(4)(A) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Basic 
        Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research, the 
        Secretary shall make available for carrying out activities 
        under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 
        through 2031.
            ``(B) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of energy technology.''.
    (f) Computational Materials and Chemistry.--Section 303 of the 
Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18641) is 
amended by inserting after subsection (d) as so redesignated, the 
following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall support a program of 
        fundamental research for the application of advanced computing 
        practices to foundational and emerging research problems in 
        chemistry and materials science.
            ``(2) Computational materials and chemistry science 
        centers.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                select and establish up to four computational materials 
                and chemistry science centers to develop open-source, 
                robust, and validated computational codes and user-
                friendly software, coupled with innovative use of 
                experimental and theoretical data, to enable the 
                design, discovery, and development of new materials and 
                chemical systems including chemical catalysis research 
                and development. These centers shall also focus on 
                overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of 
                exascale and other high performance computing systems.
                    ``(B) Selection.--The Director shall select centers 
                under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed 
                basis. The Director shall consider applications from 
                the National Laboratories, institutes of higher 
                education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
                other appropriate entities.
                    ``(C) Duration.--A center established under this 
                subsection shall receive support for a period of not 
                more than 5 years, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations.
                    ``(D) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period 
                of support of a center under this subsection, the 
                Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-
                reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
                    ``(E) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Director may 
                terminate an underperforming center for cause during 
                the performance period.
            ``(3) Materials research database.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Director shall support the 
                development of a web-based platform to provide access 
                to a database of computed information on known and 
                predicted materials properties and computational tools 
                to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and 
                design.
                    ``(B) Program.--In carrying out this section, the 
                Director shall--
                            ``(i) conduct cooperative research with 
                        industry, academia, and other research 
                        institutions to facilitate the design of novel 
                        materials;
                            ``(ii) leverage existing high performance 
                        computing systems to conduct high-throughput 
                        calculations, and develop computational and 
                        data mining algorithms for the prediction of 
                        material properties;
                            ``(iii) advance understanding, prediction, 
                        and manipulation of materials;
                            ``(iv) strengthen the foundation for new 
                        technologies and advanced manufacturing; and
                            ``(v) drive the development of advanced 
                        materials for applications that span the 
                        Department's missions in energy, environment, 
                        and national security.
                    ``(C) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, 
                the Director shall leverage programs and activities 
                across the Department.
                    ``(D) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be 
                appropriated under section 409 for Basic Energy 
                Sciences there shall be made available to the Secretary 
                to carry out activities under this subsection 
                $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2022 through 
                2031.''.

SEC. 403. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Section 304 of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (c) as 
        subsections (b) through (d), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (1), the following:
    ``(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research, 
development, and demonstration program to advance computational and 
networking capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict 
complex phenomena relevant to the development of new energy 
technologies and the competitiveness of the United States.''.
    (b) Additional Programs.--Such section, as amended by subsection 
(a), is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Beyond Exascale Computing Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a program 
        to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing 
        systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In 
        establishing this program, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) maintain foundational research programs in 
                mathematical, computational, and computer sciences 
                focused on new and emerging computing needs within the 
                mission of the Department, including but not limited to 
                post-Moore's law computing architectures, novel 
                approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial 
                intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum 
                computing, and extreme heterogeneity; and
                    ``(B) retain best practices and maintain support 
                for essential hardware and software elements of the 
                Exascale Computing Project that are necessary for 
                sustaining the vitality of a long-term exascale 
                ecosystem.
            ``(2) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate, a report on the development and 
        implementation of the strategy outlined in paragraph (1).
    ``(f) Energy Efficient Computing Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support a program of 
        fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy 
        efficient computing technologies relevant to advanced computing 
        applications in high performance computing, artificial 
        intelligence, and scientific machine learning.
            ``(2) Execution.--
                    ``(A) Program.--In carrying out the program, the 
                Secretary shall--
                            ``(i) establish a partnership for National 
                        Laboratories, industry partners, and 
                        institutions of higher education for codesign 
                        of energy efficient hardware, technology, 
                        software, and applications across all 
                        applicable program offices of the Department;
                            ``(ii) develop hardware and software 
                        technologies that decrease the energy needs of 
                        advanced computing practices;
                            ``(iii) consider multiple heterogeneous 
                        computing architectures, including neuromorphic 
                        computing, persistent computing, and ultrafast 
                        networking; and
                            ``(iv) provide, as appropriate, on a 
                        competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for 
                        researchers from institutions of higher 
                        education, National Laboratories, industry, and 
                        other Federal agencies to the energy efficient 
                        computing technologies developed pursuant to 
                        clause (i).
                    ``(B) Selection of partners.--In selecting 
                participants for the partnership established under 
                subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select 
                participants through a competitive, merit-review 
                process.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives, and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate, a report on--
                    ``(A) the activities conducted under subparagraph 
                (A); and
                    ``(B) the coordination and management of the 
                Program to ensure an integrated research program across 
                the Department.
    ``(g) Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, and Computational 
Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program 
        to develop tools for big data analytics by utilizing data sets 
        generated by Federal agencies, institutions of higher 
        education, nonprofit research organizations, and industry in 
        order to advance artificial intelligence technologies to solve 
        complex, big data challenges. The Secretary shall carry out 
        this program through a competitive, merit-reviewed process, and 
        consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions 
        of higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and 
        other appropriate entities.
            ``(2) Program components.--In carrying out the program 
        established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) establish a cross-cutting research initiative 
                to prevent duplication and coordinate research efforts 
                in artificial intelligence and data analytics across 
                the Department;
                    ``(B) conduct basic research in modeling and 
                simulation, artificial intelligence, machine learning, 
                large-scale data analytics, natural language 
                processing, and predictive analysis in order to develop 
                novel or optimized predictive algorithms suitable for 
                high-performance computing systems and large biomedical 
                data sets;
                    ``(C) develop multivariate optimization models to 
                accommodate large data sets with variable quality and 
                scale in order to visualize complex systems;
                    ``(D) establish multiple scientific computing 
                facilities to serve as data enclaves capable of 
                securely storing data sets created by Federal agencies, 
                institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
                organizations, or industry at National Laboratories; 
                and
                    ``(E) promote collaboration and data sharing 
                between National Laboratories, research entities, and 
                facilities of the Department by providing the necessary 
                access and secure data transfer capabilities.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate a report evaluating the effectiveness 
        of the program under paragraph (1), including basic research 
        discoveries achieved in the course of the program and potential 
        opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the 
        Department through the development of artificial intelligence 
        and data analytics technologies.
    ``(h) Energy Sciences Network.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for an 
        upgrade to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order 
        to meet Federal research needs for highly reliable data 
        transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-
        scale science.
            ``(2) Capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities:
                    ``(A) To provide high bandwidth scientific 
                networking across the continental United States and the 
                Atlantic Ocean.
                    ``(B) To maximize network reliability.
                    ``(C) To protect the network and data from cyber-
                attacks.
                    ``(D) To support exponentially increasing levels of 
                data from the Department's scientific user facilities, 
                experiments, and sensors.
                    ``(E) To integrate heterogeneous computing 
                frameworks and systems.
    ``(i) Workforce Development.--The Director of the Office of 
Advanced Scientific Computing Research shall support the development of 
a computational science workforce through a program that--
            ``(1) facilitates collaboration between university students 
        and researchers at the National Laboratories; and
            ``(2) endeavors to advance science in areas relevant to the 
        mission of the Department through the application of 
        computational science.
    ``(j) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall support the 
        Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to 
        facilitate collaboration between graduate students and 
        researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the 
        development of a computational workforce to help advance 
        research in areas relevant to the mission of the Department.
            ``(2) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 409 of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021 for Advanced 
        Scientific Computing Research Program, the Secretary shall make 
        available for carrying out the activities under this section--
                    ``(A) $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $22,050,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $23,152,500 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    ``(D) 24,310,125 for fiscal year 2025.''.
    (c) Applied Mathematics and Software Development.--Subsection (d) 
of such section, as redesignated by subsection (a)(1), is amended to 
read as follows:
    ``(c) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-End 
Computing Systems, Computational, and Computer Sciences Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out activities 
        to develop, test, and support--
                    ``(A) mathematics, models, statistics, and 
                algorithms for modeling complex systems on advanced 
                computing architectures; and
                    ``(B) tools, languages, programming environments, 
                and operations for high-end computing systems (as 
                defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing 
                Leadership Act (15 U.S.C. 5541), as renamed by this 
                section).
            ``(2) Portfolio balance.--The Director shall maintain a 
        balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing 
        research and development program established under section 976 
        of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that 
        supports robust investment in--
                    ``(A) applied mathematical, computational, and 
                computer sciences research needs relevant to the 
                mission of the Department, including activities related 
                to data science, artificial intelligence, scientific 
                machine learning, quantum information science, and 
                other emerging areas; and
                    ``(B) associated high-performance computing 
                hardware and facilities.''.
    (d) Quantum Science Network.--
            (1) Definitions.--Section 2 of the National Quantum 
        Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph 
                (8); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
            ``(7) Quantum network infrastructure.--The term `quantum 
        network infrastructure' means any facility, expertise, or 
        capability that is necessary to enable the development and 
        deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network 
        technologies.''.
            (2) Department of energy quantum network infrastructure 
        research and development program.--Title IV of the National 
        Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 403. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE 
              RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall carry out a research, development, 
and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network 
infrastructure in order to--
            ``(1) facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum 
        computing systems through the internet and intranet;
            ``(2) improve the precision of measurements of scientific 
        phenomena and physical imaging technologies; and
            ``(3) develop secure national quantum communications 
        technologies and strategies.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with--
                    ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                    ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                    ``(C) the Chair of the subcommittee on Quantum 
                Information Science of the National Science and 
                Technology Council established under section 103(a); 
                and
                    ``(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
            ``(2) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
        research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure 
        methods and technologies, including--
                    ``(A) quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss 
                optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and 
                classical networking and cybersecurity protocols;
                    ``(B) entanglement and hyper-entangled state 
                sources and transmission, control, and measurement of 
                quantum states;
                    ``(C) quantum interconnects that allow short range 
                local connections between quantum processors;
                    ``(D) transducers for quantum sources and signals 
                between optical and telecommunications regimes and 
                quantum computer-relevant domains, including 
                microwaves;
                    ``(E) development of quantum memory buffers and 
                small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with 
                photon-based quantum bits in the optical or 
                telecommunications wavelengths;
                    ``(F) long-range entanglement distribution at both 
                the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum 
                repeaters, allowing entanglement-based protocols 
                between small- and large-scale quantum processors;
                    ``(G) quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and 
                related technologies necessary to create secure long-
                distance quantum communication; and
                    ``(H) integration of systems across the quantum 
                technology stack into traditional computing networks, 
                including the development of remote controlled, high 
                performance, and reliable implementations of key 
                quantum network components;
            ``(3) engage with the Quantum Economic Development 
        Consortium (QED-C) to transition component technologies to help 
        facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum supply 
        chain for quantum network technologies;
            ``(4) advance basic research in advanced scientific 
        computing and material science to enhance the understanding, 
        prediction, and manipulation of materials and processes 
        relevant to quantum network infrastructure;
            ``(5) develop experimental tools and testbeds necessary to 
        support cross-cutting fundamental research and development 
        activities with diverse stakeholders from industry and 
        institutions of higher education; and
            ``(6) consider quantum network infrastructure applications 
        that span the Department of Energy's missions in energy, 
        environment, and national security.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the 
Department of Energy and from--
            ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
            ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(5) the National Laboratories;
            ``(6) industry stakeholders;
            ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
            ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
    ``(d) Research Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology 
Act of 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a 4-year research plan 
that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to 
quantum network infrastructure.
    ``(e) Standard of Review.--The Secretary shall review activities 
carried out under this section to determine the achievement of 
technical milestones.
    ``(f) Funding.--Funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section, 
$100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.

``SEC. 404. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
              TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

    ``(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days of the date of the 
enactment of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology 
Act, the Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the 
`Secretary') shall, establish and carry out a program (to be known as 
the `Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology program' or 
`QUEST program') to encourage and facilitate access to United States 
quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research 
purposes in order to--
            ``(1) enhance the United States quantum research 
        enterprise;
            ``(2) educate the future quantum computing workforce; and
            ``(3) accelerate the advancement of United States quantum 
        computing capabilities.
    ``(b) Program.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) coordinate with--
                    ``(A) the Director of the National Science 
                Foundation;
                    ``(B) the Director of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology;
                    ``(C) the Chair of the Quantum Information Science 
                of the National Science and Technology Council 
                established under section 103(a); and
                    ``(D) the Chair of the subcommittee on the Economic 
                and Security Implications of Quantum Science;
            ``(2) provide researchers based within the United States 
        with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing 
        resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process;
            ``(3) consider applications from the National Laboratories, 
        multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher 
        education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that 
        the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national 
        leadership on quantum computing related issues; and
            ``(4) consult and coordinate with private sector 
        stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on 
        program development and best management practices.
    ``(c) Leveraging.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary 
shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy 
and from--
            ``(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
            ``(2) the National Science Foundation;
            ``(3) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
            ``(4) other relevant Federal agencies;
            ``(5) the National Laboratories;
            ``(6) industry stakeholders;
            ``(7) institutions of higher education; and
            ``(8) the National Quantum Information Science Research 
        Centers.
    ``(d) Security.--In carrying out the activities authorized by this 
section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are 
in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate.
    ``(e) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of the Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology 
Act of 2021, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on the results 
of the QUEST program activities and any other information the Secretary 
determines appropriate.
    ``(f) Funding.--Funds authorized to be appropriated for the 
Department of Energy's Office of Science, there shall be made available 
to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section,
            ``(1) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            ``(2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            ``(3) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            ``(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
            ``(5) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.''.

SEC. 404. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS.

    (a) In General.--Section 305 of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18643) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (a) through (d) as 
        subsections (b) through (e);
            (2) by inserting before subsection (b), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (1), the following:
    ``(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a research program on 
the fundamental constituents of matter and energy and the nature of 
space and time in order to support theoretical and experimental 
research in both elementary particle physics and fundamental 
accelerator science and technology and understand fundamental 
properties of the universe.'';
            (3) by amending subsection (c), as redesignated by 
        paragraph (1), to read as follows:
    ``(c) International Collaboration.--The Director shall--
            ``(1) as practicable and in coordination with other 
        appropriate Federal agencies as necessary, ensure the access of 
        United States researchers to the most advanced accelerator 
        facilities and research capabilities in the world, including 
        the Large Hadron Collider;
            ``(2) to the maximum extent practicable, continue to 
        leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron 
        Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships 
        and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep 
        Underground Neutrino Experiment; and
            ``(3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize 
        engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future 
        international facilities that would provide access to United 
        States researchers of the most advanced accelerator facilities 
        in the world.''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility for Deep Underground Neutrino 
Experiment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for a Long-
        Baseline Neutrino Facility to facilitate the international Deep 
        Underground Neutrino Experiment to enable a program in neutrino 
        physics to measure the fundamental properties of neutrinos, 
        explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and better clarify 
        the nature of matter and antimatter.
            ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a 
        minimum, the following capabilities:
                    ``(A) A neutrino beam with wideband capability of 
                1.2 megawatts (MW) of beam power and upgradable to 2.4 
                MW of beam power.
                    ``(B) Three caverns excavated for a 70 kiloton 
                fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings 
                and utilities.
                    ``(C) Neutrino detector facilities at both the Far 
                Site in South Dakota and the Near Site in Illinois to 
                categorize and study neutrinos on their 800-mile 
                journey between the two sites.
                    ``(D) Cryogenic systems to support neutrino 
                detectors.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this subsection occurs before 
        December 31, 2031.
            ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 409 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including 
        construction of the facility, under this subsection--
                    ``(A) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $325,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $400,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $375,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(E) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(F) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(G) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2028; and
                    ``(H) $208,000,000 for fiscal year 2029.
    ``(g) Proton Improvement Plan-II Accelerator Upgrade Project.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy shall provide 
        for the Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II), an upgrade to the 
        Fermilab accelerator complex identified in the 2014 Particle 
        Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled 
        `Building for Discovery', to provide the world's most intense 
        beam of neutrinos to the international LBNF/DUNE experiment as 
        well as a broad range of future high energy physics 
        experiments. The Secretary of Energy shall work with 
        international partners to provide key contributions.
            ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in paragraph (1) will provide, at a 
        minimum, the following capabilities:
                    ``(A) A state-of-the-art 800 megaelectron volt 
                (MeV) superconducting linear accelerator.
                    ``(B) Proton beam power of 1.2 MW at the start of 
                LBNF/DUNE, upgradeable to 2.4 MW of beam power.
                    ``(C) A flexible design to enable high power beam 
                delivery to multiple users simultaneously and 
                customized beams tailored to specific scientific needs.
                    ``(D) Sustained high reliability operation of the 
                Fermilab accelerator complex.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this section occurs before 
        December 31, 2028.
            ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 409 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to carry out activities, including 
        construction of the facility, under this subsection--
                    ``(A) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $120,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(E) $115,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(F) $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2027; and
                    ``(G) $56,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
    ``(h) Accelerator and Detector Upgrades.--The Director shall 
upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors, as necessary and 
appropriate, to increase beam power, sustain high reliability, and 
improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle 
physics research programs. In carrying out facility upgrades, the 
Director shall continue to work with international partners, when 
appropriate and in the United States interest, to leverage investments 
and expertise in critical technologies to maintain leading facilities 
in the United States.
    ``(i) Accelerator and Detector Research and Development.--The 
Director shall carry out a program in accelerator and detector research 
and development, in order to develop and deploy next generation 
technologies to support discovery science in particle physics.
    ``(j) Research Collaborations.--In developing accelerator 
technologies under the program authorized in subsection (e), the 
Director shall--
            ``(1) consider the requirements necessary to support 
        translational research and development for medical, industrial, 
        security, and defense applications; and
            ``(2) leverage investments in accelerator technologies and 
        basic research in particle physics by partnering with 
        institutes of higher education, industry, and other Federal 
        agencies to help commercialize technologies with promising 
        applications.
    ``(k) Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation shall provide for 
        the construction of the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 
        experiment as described in the 2014 Particle Physics 
        Prioritization Panel (P5) report titled `Building for 
        Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the 
        Global Context.' The Secretary shall consult with the private 
        sector, universities, National Laboratories, and relevant 
        Federal agencies to ensure that this experiment is capable of 
        meeting Federal research needs in accessing the ultra-high 
        energy physics of inflation and important neutrino properties.
            ``(2) Experimental capabilities.--The Secretary shall 
        ensure that the facility described in subsection (a) will 
        provide at minimum, 500,000 superconducting detectors deployed 
        on an array of mm-wave telescopes with the required range in 
        frequency, sensitivity, and survey speed to enable an order of 
        magnitude advance in observations of the Cosmic Microwave 
        Background, delivering transformative discoveries in 
        fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this section occurs before 
        December 31, 2030.
            ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 409 for High Energy Physics, there shall be made 
        available to the Secretary to complete construction of the 
        facility, under this subsection--
                    ``(A) $37,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $71,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    ``(D) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2025.
    ``(l) Cryomodule Repair and Maintenance Facility.--The Secretary 
shall provide for the construction of a cryomodule repair and 
maintenance facility, including SRF cryomodules that make up the new 
superconducting accelerator being constructed by the LCLS-II and LCLS-
II-HE projects, to service the Linac Coherent Light Source. The 
Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, National 
Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure that this 
facility has the capability to maintain, repair, and test 
superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) accelerator components.''.

SEC. 405. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18644) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 306. BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH.

    ``(a) Program.--The Director shall carry out a program of basic 
research in the areas of biological systems science and environmental 
science relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to 
support Department missions in energy, environment, and national 
security.
    ``(b) Biological Systems.--The Director shall carry out research 
and development activities in fundamental, structural, computational, 
and systems biology to increase systems-level understanding of the 
complex biological systems, which may include activities--
            ``(1) to accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that 
        would enable the cost-effective, sustainable production of--
                    ``(A) biomass-based liquid transportation fuels;
                    ``(B) bioenergy; and
                    ``(C) biobased materials;
            ``(2) to improve understanding of the global carbon cycle, 
        including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the 
        atmosphere, through photosynthesis and other biological 
        processes, for sequestration and storage; and
            ``(3) to understand the biological mechanisms used to 
        transform, immobilize, or remove contaminants from subsurface 
        environments.
    ``(c) Limitation for Research Funds.--The Director shall not 
approve new climate science-related initiatives without making a 
determination that such work is well-coordinated with any relevant work 
carried out by other Federal agencies.
    ``(d) Bioenergy Research Centers.--
            ``(1) In general.--In carrying out activities under 
        subsection (a), the Director shall select and establish up to 
        four bioenergy research centers to conduct basic and 
        fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology, 
        bio imaging and analysis, and genomics to inform the production 
        of fuels, chemicals from sustainable biomass resources, and to 
        facilitate the translation of basic research results to 
        industry.
            ``(2) Selection.--The Director shall select centers under 
        paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The 
        Director shall consider applications from National 
        Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, and other 
        appropriate entities.
            ``(3) Duration.--A center established under this subsection 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
            ``(4) Existing centers.--The Director may select a center 
        for participation under this subsection that is in existence, 
        or undergoing a renewal process, on the date of enactment of 
        this Act. Such center shall be eligible to receive support for 
        the duration the 5-year period beginning on the date of 
        establishment of such center.
            ``(5) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of 
        support of a center under this subsection, the Director may 
        renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a 
        period of not more than 5 years.
            ``(6) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
        authorities of the Department, the Director may terminate an 
        underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
    ``(e) Low-Dose Radiation Research Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a research 
        program on low-dose and low dose-rate radiation to--
                    ``(A) enhance the scientific understanding of, and 
                reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects of 
                exposure to low-dose and low dose-rate radiation; and
                    ``(B) inform improved risk-assessment and risk-
                management methods with respect to such radiation.
            ``(2) Program components.--In carrying out the program 
        required under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) support and carry out the directives under 
                section 106(b) of the American Innovation and 
                Competitiveness Act (42 U.S.C. 6601 note), except that 
                such section shall be treated for purposes of this 
                subsection as applying to low dose and low-dose rate 
                radiation research, in coordination with the Physical 
                Science Subcommittee of the National Science and 
                Technology Council;
                    ``(B) identify and, to the extent possible, 
                quantify, potential monetary and health-related impacts 
                to Federal agencies, the general public, industry, 
                research communities, and other users of information 
                produced by such research program;
                    ``(C) leverage the collective body of knowledge 
                from existing low-dose and low dose-rate radiation 
                research;
                    ``(D) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
                communities, and potential users of information 
                produced under this section, including institutions 
                performing or utilizing radiation research, medical 
                physics, radiology, health physics, and emergency 
                response measures; and
                    ``(E) support education and outreach activities to 
                disseminate information and promote public 
                understanding of low-dose radiation, with a focus on 
                non-emergency situations such as medical physics, space 
                exploration, and naturally occurring radiation.
            ``(3) Research plan.--
                    ``(A) Not later than 90 days after the date of 
                enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary 
                shall enter into an agreement with the National Academy 
                of Sciences to develop a long-term strategic and 
                prioritized research agenda for the program described 
                in paragraph (2);
                    ``(B) Not later than one year after the date of 
                enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Secretary 
                shall transmit this research plan developed in 
                subparagraph (A) to the Committee on Science, Space, 
                and Technology of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the 
                Senate.
            ``(4) GAO study.--Not later than 3 years after the date of 
        enactment of the Energy Act of 2020, the Comptroller General 
        shall transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
        Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
        Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, a report on:
                    ``(A) an evaluation of the program activities 
                carried out under this section;
                    ``(B) the effectiveness of the coordination and 
                management of the program; and
                    ``(C) the implementation of the research plan 
                outlined in paragraph (3).
            ``(5) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                    ``(A) Low-dose radiation.--The term `low-dose 
                radiation' means a radiation dose of less than 100 
                millisieverts.
                    ``(B) Low dose-rate radiation.--The term `low dose-
                rate radiation' means a radiation dose rate of less 
                than 5 millisieverts per hour.
            ``(6) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to subject any research carried out by the 
        Secretary for the program under this subsection to any 
        limitations described in section 977(e) of the Energy Policy 
        Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16317(e)).
            ``(7) Funding.--For purposes of carrying out this 
        subsection, the Secretary is authorized to make available from 
        funds provided to the Biological and Environmental Research 
        Program--
                    ``(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2021;
                    ``(B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(D) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2024.
                    ``(E) $40,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
                    ``(F) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(G) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(H) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                    ``(I) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                    ``(J) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                    ``(K) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.
    ``(f) Earth and Environmental Systems Research.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program 
        of fundamental research to develop high-resolution Earth system 
        modeling, analysis, and intercomparison capabilities, in order 
        to further the understanding of the biological, biogeochemical, 
        and physical processes across the multiple scales that control 
        the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the 
        terrestrial surface and the atmosphere.
            ``(2) Prioritization.--In carrying out the program 
        authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall prioritize--
                    ``(A) the development of software and algorithms to 
                enable the productive application of environmental 
                systems and extreme weather prediction models in high-
                performance computing systems; and
                    ``(B) capabilities that support the Department's 
                mission needs for energy and infrastructure security, 
                resilience, and reliability.
            ``(3) User facilities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In carrying out the activities 
                authorized under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
                establish and operate user facilities to advance the 
                collection, validation, and analysis of atmospheric 
                data, including activities to advance knowledge and 
                improve model representations and measure the impact of 
                atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds on earth and 
                environmental systems.
                    ``(B) Existing facilities.--To the maximum extent 
                practicable, the Director shall utilize existing 
                facilities to carry out this subsection.
                    ``(C) Selection.--The Director shall select user 
                facilities under paragraph (1) on a competitive, merit-
                reviewed basis. The Director shall consider 
                applications from the National Laboratories, institutes 
                of higher education, multi-institutional 
                collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
                    ``(D) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
                authorities of the Department, the Director may 
                terminate an underperforming user facility for cause 
                during the performance period.
            ``(4) Coordination.--In carrying out the program authorized 
        in paragraph (1), the Director shall ensure that the Office of 
        Science--
                    ``(A) consults and coordinates with the National 
                Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental 
                Protection Agency, and any other relevant Federal 
                agency on the collection, validation, and analysis of 
                atmospheric data; and
                    ``(B) coordinates with relevant stakeholders, 
                including institutes of higher education, nonprofit 
                research institutions, industry, State, local, and 
                tribal governments, and other appropriate entities to 
                ensure access to the best available relevant 
                atmospheric and environmental data, including 
                historical weather data.
    ``(g) Coastal Zone Research Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a basic 
        research program to enhance the understanding of coastal 
        ecosystems. In carrying out this program, the Director shall 
        prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational 
        data, and shall develop models to analyze the ecological, 
        biogeochemical, hydrological and physical processes that 
        interact in coastal zones.
            ``(2) National system for coastal data collection.--The 
        Director shall establish an integrated system of field research 
        sites in order to improve the quantity and quality of 
        observational data, and that encompass at least three of the 
        major land-water interfaces of the United States, including--
                    ``(A) the Great Lakes region;
                    ``(B) the Pacific coast;
                    ``(C) the Atlantic coast;
                    ``(D) the Arctic; and
                    ``(E) the Gulf coast.
            ``(3) Existing infrastructure.--In carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites under 
        paragraph (1) and (2), the Secretary shall leverage existing 
        Department of Energy infrastructure, including the Department's 
        existing marine sciences lab.
            ``(4) Coordination.--For the purposes of carrying out the 
        programs and establishing the field research sites under the 
        Initiative, the Secretary may enter into agreements with 
        Federal Departments and agencies with complementary 
        capabilities.
            ``(5) Report.--Not less than 2 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee 
        on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
        Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate a report examining whether the 
        system described in this section should be established as a 
        National User Facility.
    ``(h) Biological and Environmental Research User Facilities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a program 
        for the development, construction, operation, and maintenance 
        of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of 
        observational data related to complex biological, earth, and 
        environmental systems.
            ``(2) Facility requirements.--To the maximum extent 
        practicable, the user facilities developed, constructed, 
        operated, or maintained under paragraph (1) shall include--
                    ``(A) distributed field research and observation 
                platforms for understanding earth system processes;
                    ``(B) instruments and modeling resources for 
                understanding the physical, chemical, and cellular 
                processes of biological and environmental systems;
                    ``(C) integrated high-throughput sequencing, DNA 
                design and synthesis, metabolomics and computational 
                analysis; and
                    ``(D) such other facilities as the Director 
                considers appropriate, consistent with section 209 of 
                the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 
                7139).
            ``(3) Existing facilities.--In carrying out the program 
        established in paragraph (1), the Director is encouraged to 
        evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and, to 
        the maximum extent practicable, invest in modernization of 
        those capabilities to address emerging research priorities.
    ``(i) Low-Dose Radiation and Space Radiation Research Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in consultation 
        with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration shall carry out a basic research program on the 
        similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to 
        low dose radiation on Earth, in low Earth orbit, and in the 
        space environment.
            ``(2) Purpose.--The purpose of this program is to 
        accelerate breakthroughs in low dose and low-dose rate 
        radiation research and development as described in section (e) 
        and to inform the advancement of new tools, technologies, and 
        advanced materials needed to facilitate long-duration space 
        exploration.
    ``(j) Emerging Technologies.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish within the 
        Biological and Environmental Research program an initiative 
        focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the 
        application of artificial intelligence, novel sensing 
        capabilities, and other emerging technologies.
            ``(2) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall 
        coordinate with the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration, the Director of the U.S. Geological 
        Survey, and other relevant officials to avoid duplication of 
        research and observational activities and to ensure that 
        activities carried out under this initiative are complimentary 
        to those currently being undertaken by other agencies.
            ``(3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment 
        of this Act, the Secretary shall provide a report to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, and 
        the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, on 
        the activity mandated in subsection (j).
    ``(k) Emerging Infectious Disease Research Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary, in coordination with the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation and the 
        Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, shall carry out a research program to leverage 
        the Federal Government's innovative analytical resources and 
        tools, user facilities, and advanced computational and 
        networking capabilities in order to prevent, prepare for, and 
        respond to emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19. 
        The Secretary shall carry out this program through a 
        competitive, merit reviewed process, and consider applications 
        from National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, 
        multi-institutional collaborations, industry partners and other 
        appropriate entities.
            ``(2) Program components.--In carrying out the program 
        established under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate 
        with relevant Federal agencies to determine a comprehensive set 
        of technical milestones for these research activities and 
        prioritize the following objectives--
                    ``(A) supporting fundamental research and 
                development in advanced analytics, experimental 
                studies, materials synthesis, high-performance 
                computing technologies needed to characterize, model, 
                simulate, and predict complex phenomena and biological 
                materials related to emerging infectious diseases, 
                including COVID-19 mitigation challenges, including a 
                focus on bioinformatics, epidemiology, and molecular 
                modeling;
                    ``(B) using expertise from the private sector and 
                institutions of higher education, and the National 
                Laboratories to develop computational software and 
                capabilities that prospective users may accelerate 
                emerging infectious diseases research and development;
                    ``(C) increasing the utility of the research 
                infrastructure of the Department, including scientific 
                computing user facilities, x-ray light sources, neutron 
                scattering facilities, nanoscale science research 
                centers, and sequencing and bio-characterization 
                facilities by coordinating with the Advanced Scientific 
                Computing Research, Basic Energy Sciences, and 
                Biological and Environmental Research programs within 
                the Office of Science;
                    ``(D) leveraging experience from existing modeling 
                and simulation research and work sponsored by the 
                Department and promoting collaboration and data sharing 
                between National Laboratories, research entities, and 
                user facilities of the Department by providing the 
                necessary access and secure data transfer capabilities; 
                and
                    ``(E) ensuring that new experimental and 
                computational tools are accessible to relevant research 
                communities, including private sector entities engaged 
                in technology development to address emerging 
                infectious diseases, including COVID-19 challenges.
            ``(3) Coordination.--In carrying out these programs, the 
        Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, 
        coordination of these activities with the Department of Energy 
        National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and 
        the private sector.
            ``(4) Emerging infectious diseases high performance 
        computing research consortium.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Secretary in coordination 
                with the Director of the National Science Foundation 
                and the Director of the Office of Science and 
                Technology Policy shall establish and operate an 
                Emerging Infectious Diseases High Performance Computing 
                Research Consortium (referred to in this section as the 
                `Consortium'), in order to support the program under 
                paragraph (1) by providing, to the extent practicable, 
                a centralized location for multidisciplinary, 
                collaborative, emerging infectious disease research and 
                development through high performance computing and 
                advanced data analytics technologies and processes.
                    ``(B) Membership.--The members of such consortium 
                shall be representatives from relevant Federal 
                agencies, the private sector, institutions of higher 
                education, which can each contribute relevant compute 
                time, capabilities, or other resources.
                    ``(C) Activities.--The Consortium shall--
                            ``(i) match applicants with available 
                        Federal and private sector computing resources;
                            ``(ii) consider supplemental awards for 
                        computing partnerships with Consortium members 
                        to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-
                        review basis;
                            ``(iii) encourage collaboration and 
                        communication among member representatives of 
                        the consortium and awardees;
                            ``(iv) make available the high-performance 
                        computing capabilities, expertise, and user 
                        facilities of the Department and the National 
                        Laboratories; and
                            ``(v) submit an annual report to the 
                        Secretary summarizing the activities of the 
                        Consortium, including--
                                    ``(I) describing each project 
                                undertaken by the Consortium;
                                    ``(II) detailing organizational 
                                expenditures; and
                                    ``(III) evaluating contribution to 
                                the achievement of technical milestones 
                                as determined in paragraph (1).
                    ``(D) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
                coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, 
                the activities of the Consortium with the activities of 
                other research entities of the Department, institutions 
                of higher education and the private sector.
            ``(5) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, and 
        the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, 
        and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
        the Senate a report detailing the effectiveness of--
                    ``(A) the interagency coordination between each 
                Federal agency involved in the research program carried 
                out under this section;
                    ``(B) the collaborative research achievements of 
                the program, including the achievement of the technical 
                milestones determined under paragraph (1); and
                    ``(C) potential opportunities to expand the 
                technical capabilities of the Department.
            ``(6) Prohibition.--No funds allocated to the program 
        described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for 
        commercial application of technology.
            ``(7) Funding.--From within funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for the Department's Office of Science, there 
        shall be made available to the Secretary to carry out the 
        activities under this subsection, $50,000,000 for fiscal years 
        2022 and 2023.''.

SEC. 406. FUSION ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--Section 307 of the Department of Energy Research 
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18645) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
    ``(p) High-Performance Computation Collaborative Research 
Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program 
        to conduct and support collaborative research, development, and 
        demonstration of fusion energy technologies, through high-
        performance computation modeling and simulation techniques, in 
        order to--
                    ``(A) support basic science research in plasmas and 
                matter at very high temperatures and densities;
                    ``(B) inform the development of a broad range of 
                fusion energy systems; and
                    ``(C) facilitate the translation of basic research 
                results in fusion energy science to industry.
            ``(2) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall coordinate with relevant 
        Federal agencies, and prioritize the following objectives:
                    ``(A) Using expertise from the private sector, 
                institutions of higher education, and the National 
                Laboratories to develop computational software and 
                capabilities that prospective users may use to 
                accelerate research and development of fusion energy 
                systems.
                    ``(B) Developing computational tools to simulate 
                and predict fusion energy science phenomena that may be 
                validated through physical experimentation.
                    ``(C) Increasing the utility of the research 
                infrastructure of the Department by coordinating with 
                the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program 
                within the Office of Science.
                    ``(D) Leveraging experience from existing modeling 
                and simulation entities sponsored by the Department.
                    ``(E) Ensuring that new experimental and 
                computational tools are accessible to relevant research 
                communities, including private sector entities engaged 
                in fusion energy technology development.
            ``(3) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of this program with the activities of--
                    ``(A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the National Laboratories, the Advanced 
                Research Projects Agency-Energy, the Advanced 
                Scientific Computing Research program; and
                    ``(B) industry.
            ``(4) High-performance computing for fusion innovation 
        hub.--In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the 
        Secretary shall establish and operate a national High-
        Performance Computing for Fusion Innovation Hub (referred to in 
        this section as the `Hub'), which shall focus on the early 
        stage research and development activities described under 
        paragraph (1).
            ``(5) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the Hub under 
        this subsection on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The 
        Secretary shall consider applications from National 
        Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-
        institutional collaborations, and other appropriate entities.
            ``(6) Duration.--The Hub established under this subsection 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
            ``(7) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of 
        support of the Hub, the Secretary may renew support for the 
        Hub, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 
        years.
            ``(8) Termination.--Consistent with the existing 
        authorities of the Department, the Secretary may terminate the 
        Hub for cause during the performance period.
    ``(q) Brightest Light Research Initiative.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a high 
        intensity laser research initiative consistent with the 
        recommendations of the National Academies report, 
        `Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the 
        Brightest Light', and the Brightest Light Initiative workshop 
        report, `The Future of Intense Ultrafast Lasers in the U.S.'. 
        This initiative should include research and development of 
        multi petawatt-scale laser technologies necessary for discovery 
        science and to advance energy technologies and investments in 
        future facilities, including an open-access laser user facility 
        in the U.S. with multiple beamlines and short-pulse and high-
        peak-power lasers with very high-average power. This initiative 
        should also provide support for a user network of academic and 
        national laboratory high intensity laser facilities. The 
        Director shall also leverage new laser technologies for more 
        compact, less complex, and low-cost accelerator systems needed 
        for science applications.
            ``(2) Authorization of appropriations.--Out of funds 
        authorized to be appropriated under subsection (o), there are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the 
        activities described in this subsection--
                    ``(A) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
                    ``(D) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; and
                    ``(E) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.
    ``(r) Material Plasma Exposure Experiment.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall construct a Material 
        Plasma Exposure Experiment facility as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The 
        Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, 
        National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
        that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs 
        for steady-state, high-heat-flux and plasma-material 
        interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion 
        energy relevant parameters.
            ``(2) Facility capabilities.--The Secretary shall ensure 
        that the facility described in subsection (a) will provide the 
        following capabilities:
                    ``(A) A magnetic field at the target of 1 Tesla.
                    ``(B) An energy flux at the target of 10 MW/m2.
                    ``(C) The ability to expose previously irradiated 
                plasma facing material samples to plasma.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this section occurs before 
        December 31, 2027.
            ``(4) Funding.--Out of funds authorized to be appropriated 
        under section 409 for Fusion Energy Sciences, there are funds 
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office 
        of Fusion Energy Science to carry out to completion the 
        construction of the facility under this section:
                    ``(A) $32,800,000 for fiscal year 2022;
                    ``(B) $13,400,000 for fiscal year 2023;
                    ``(C) $12,600,000 for fiscal year 2024; and
                    ``(D) $400,000 for fiscal year 2025.
    ``(s) Matter in Extreme Conditions Instrument Upgrade.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for the 
        upgrade to the Matter in Extreme Conditions endstation at the 
        Linac Coherent Light Source as described in the 2020 
        publication approved by the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory 
        Committee titled `Powering the Future: Fusion and Plasmas'. The 
        Secretary shall consult with the private sector, universities, 
        National Laboratories, and relevant Federal agencies to ensure 
        that this facility is capable of meeting Federal research needs 
        for understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at 
        fundamental timescales, and explore new regimes of dense 
        material physics, astrophysics, planetary physics, and short-
        pulse laser-plasma interactions.
            ``(2) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this section occurs before 
        December 31, 2028.''.
    (b) International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 
Construction.--Section 972(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16312) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(D) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(E) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                    ``(F) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                    ``(G) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                    ``(H) $281,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.

SEC. 407. NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

    Section 308 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18646) is amended by inserting at the end the following:
    ``(c) Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Instrumentation.--The 
Secretary shall provide for the construction of a high rigidity 
spectrometer and a gamma-ray energy tracking array for use at the 
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams to maximize the capabilities of this 
facility and advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the 
evolution of the cosmos.
    ``(d) Electron-Ion Collider.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall provide for an 
        Electron Ion Collider as described in the 2015 Nuclear Science 
        Advisory Committee's Long Range Plan and endorsed by the report 
        from the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and 
        Medicine report titled `An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-
        Ion Collider Science', in order to measure the internal 
        structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental 
        questions about the nature of visible matter.
            ``(2) Facility capability.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
        the facility meets the requirements in the 2015 Long Range 
        Plan, including--
                    ``(A) at least 70 percent polarized beams of 
                electrons and light ions;
                    ``(B) ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest 
                nuclei;
                    ``(C) variable center of mass energy from 20 to 140 
                GeV; high luminosity of 1033-1034 cm-2s-1; and
                    ``(D) the possibility of more than one interaction 
                region.
            ``(3) Start of operations.--The Secretary shall, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, ensure that the start of full 
        operations of the facility under this section occurs before 
        December 31, 2030.''.

SEC. 408. SCIENCE LABORATORIES INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM.

    Section 309 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act 
(42 U.S.C. 18647) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Use of Available Approaches and Mechanisms.--In carrying out 
this section, the Director shall utilize all available approaches and 
mechanisms, including capital line items, minor construction projects, 
energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, 
alternative financing, and expense funding, as appropriate.
    ``(d) Mid-Scale Instrumentation Program.--The Director shall 
establish a mid-scale instrumentation program to enable the development 
and acquisition of novel, state-of-the-art instruments that would 
significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at national 
laboratory user facilities.''.

SEC. 409. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Year 2022.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2022 
$7,727,950,391, of which--
            (1) $2,514,400,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,128,976,445 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $812,733,521 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $769,560,425 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,136,800,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $921,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $264,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $195,840,000 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $123,420,000 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $29,580,000 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (b) Fiscal Year 2023.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2023 
$8,430,037,582, of which--
            (1) $2,783,800,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,211,952,889 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $872,467,042 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $826,120,851 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,258,600,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $961,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $288,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $199,756,800 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $125,888,400 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $30,171,600 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (c) Fiscal Year 2024.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2024 
$9,132,264,309, of which--
            (1) $3,053,200,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,294,929,334 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $932,200,562 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $882,681,276 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,380,400,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $921,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $312,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $203,751,936 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $128,406,168 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $30,775,032 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (d) Fiscal Year 2025.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2025 
$9,834,633,362, of which--
            (1) $3,322,600,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,377,905,778 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $991,934,083 shall be for Biological and Environmental 
        Research;
            (4) $939,241,702 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,502,200,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $901,000,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $336,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $207,826,975 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $130,974,291 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $31,390,533 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (e) Fiscal Year 2026.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2026 
$10,537,147,589, of which--
            (1) $3,592,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,460,882,223 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,051,667,604 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $995,802,127 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,624,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,075,200,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $360,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $211,983,514 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $133,593,777 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $32,018,343 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (f) Fiscal Year 2027.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2027 
$11,239,809,892, of which--
            (1) $3,861,400,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,543,858,668 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,111,401,125 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $1,052,362,553 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,745,800,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,155,840,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $384,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $216,223,184 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $136,265,653 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $32,658,710 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (g) Fiscal Year 2028.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2028 
$11,942,623,234, of which--
            (1) $4,130,800,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,626,835,112 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,171,134,646 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $1,108,922,978 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,867,600,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,236,480,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $408,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $220,547,648 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $138,990,966 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $33,311,884 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (h) Fiscal Year 2029.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2029 
$12,645,590,635, of which--
            (1) $4,400,200,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,709,811,557 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,230,868,167 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $1,165,483,403 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $1,989,400,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,317,120,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $432,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $224,958,601 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $141,770,785 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $33,978,122 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (i) Fiscal Year 2030.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2030 
$13,348,715,176, of which--
            (1) $4,669,600,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,792,788,001 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,290,601,687 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $1,222,043,829 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $2,111,200,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,397,760,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $456,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $229,457,773 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $144,606,201 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $34,657,684 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.
    (j) Fiscal Year 2031.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
the Secretary for the Office of Science for fiscal year 2031 
$14,052,000,000, of which--
            (1) $4,939,000,000 shall be for Basic Energy Sciences;
            (2) $1,875,764,446 shall be for High Energy Physics;
            (3) $1,350,335,208 shall be for Biological and 
        Environmental Research;
            (4) $1,278,604,254 shall be for Nuclear Physics;
            (5) $2,233,000,000 shall be for Advanced Scientific 
        Computing Research;
            (6) $1,478,400,000 shall be for Fusion Energy Sciences;
            (7) $480,000,000 shall be for Science Laboratories 
        Infrastructure;
            (8) $234,046,929 shall be for Science Program Direction;
            (9) $147,498,325 shall be for Safeguards and Security; and
            (10) $35,350,838 shall be for Workforce Development for 
        Teachers and Scientists.

          Subtitle B--Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy

SEC. 411. ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY-ENERGY UPDATE.

    Paragraph (2) of section 5012(o) of the America COMPETES Act (42 
U.S.C. 16538(o)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) $800,833,333 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(G) $840,666,667 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(H) $880,500,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                    ``(I) $920,333,333 for fiscal year 2029;
                    ``(J) $960,166,667 for fiscal year 2030; and
                    ``(K) $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.

              Subtitle C--DOE Clean Energy Infrastructure

SEC. 421. REGIONAL ENERGY INNOVATION CENTERS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advanced energy technology.--The term ``advanced energy 
        technology'' means--
                    (A) an innovative technology--
                            (i) that produces energy from solar, wind, 
                        geothermal, biomass, tidal, wave, ocean, or 
                        other renewable energy resources;
                            (ii) that produces nuclear energy;
                            (iii) for carbon capture and sequestration;
                            (iv) that enables advanced vehicles, 
                        vehicle components, and related technologies 
                        that result in significant energy savings;
                            (v) that generates, transmits, distributes, 
                        uses, or stores energy more efficiently than 
                        conventional technologies, including through 
                        Smart Grid technologies; or
                            (vi) that enhances the energy independence 
                        and security of the United States by enabling 
                        improved or expanded supply and production of 
                        domestic energy resources, including coal, oil, 
                        and natural gas;
                    (B) a research, development, demonstration, or 
                commercial application activity necessary to ensure the 
                long-term, secure, and sustainable supply of an energy 
                critical element; or
                    (C) any other innovative energy technology area 
                identified by the Secretary.
            (2) Qualifying entity.--The term ``qualifying entity'' 
        means--
                    (A) an institution of higher education;
                    (B) an appropriate State or Federal entity, 
                including a federally funded research and development 
                center of the Department;
                    (C) a nonprofit research institution;
                    (D) a multi-institutional collaboration; or
                    (E) any other relevant entity the Secretary 
                determines appropriate.
    (b) Authorization of Program.--
            (1) In general.--
                    (A) The Secretary shall carry out a program to 
                enhance the economic, environmental, and energy 
                security of the United States by establishing and 
                operating Regional Energy Innovation Centers in diverse 
                regions of the United States, in order to provide, to 
                the maximum extent practicable, one centralized 
                location for multidisciplinary, collaborative research, 
                development, and demonstration of advanced energy 
                technologies most suited to commercial application in 
                each region of the United States.
                    (B) In establishing the centers authorized in 
                subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consider the 
                diverse natural resources available throughout the 
                United States, and maximize the opportunities for 
                cooperation between institutes of higher education, 
                industry, State and local governments, and nonprofit 
                research institutions with shared areas of energy 
                expertise.
            (2) Technology development focus.--The Secretary shall 
        designate for each center a unique advanced energy technology 
        or basic research focus. In establishing focus areas for each 
        center, the Secretary shall consider the energy needs, 
        resources, and expertise available in each region of the United 
        States.
            (3) Coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of each center with the activities of--
                    (A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the National Laboratories, the Advanced 
                Research Projects Agency-Energy, Energy Innovation 
                Hubs, and Energy Frontier Research Centers;
                    (B) institutions of higher education; and
                    (C) industry.
    (c) Application Process.--
            (1) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive an award for 
        the establishment and operation of a center established under 
        subsection (b)(1)(A), a consortium shall--
                    (A) be composed of not fewer than two qualifying 
                entities;
                    (B) operate subject to a binding agreement, entered 
                into by each member of the consortium, that documents--
                            (i) the proposed partnership agreement, 
                        including the governance and management 
                        structure of the center;
                            (ii) measures the consortium will undertake 
                        to enable cost-effective implementation of 
                        activities under the program described in 
                        subsection (b)(1); and
                            (iii) a proposed budget, including 
                        financial contributions from non-Federal 
                        sources; and
                    (C) operate as a nonprofit organization.
            (2) Selection.--The Secretary shall consider applications 
        from qualifying entities, and select centers authorized under 
        subsection (b)(1)(A) on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
            (3) Duration.--A center established under this section 
        shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, 
        subject to the availability of appropriations.
            (4) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support 
        of a center under this section, the Director may renew support 
        for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not 
        more than 5 years.
            (5) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities 
        of the Department, the Director may terminate an 
        underperforming center for cause during the performance period.
    (d) Center Operations.--
            (1) In general.--Each center shall conduct or provide for 
        multidisciplinary, collaborative research, development, 
        demonstration of advanced energy technologies within the 
        technology development focus designated under subsection 
        (b)(2).
            (2) Activities.--Each center shall--
                    (A) encourage collaboration and communication among 
                the member qualifying entities of the consortium and 
                awardees;
                    (B) develop and make publicly available proposed 
                plans and programs; and
                    (C) submit an annual report to the Department 
                summarizing the activities of the center, including--
                            (i) detailing organizational expenditures; 
                        and
                            (ii) describing each project undertaken by 
                        the center.
            (3) Conflicts of interest.--Each center shall maintain 
        conflict of interest procedures, consistent with the conflict 
        of interest procedures of the Department.
            (4) Prohibition on construction.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B)--
                            (i) no funds provided under this section 
                        may be used for construction of new buildings 
                        or facilities for centers; and
                            (ii) construction of new buildings or 
                        facilities shall not be considered as part of 
                        the non-Federal share of a Hub cost-sharing 
                        agreement.
                    (B) Test bed and renovation exception.--Nothing in 
                this paragraph prohibits the use of funds provided 
                under this section or non-Federal cost share funds for 
                the construction of a test bed or renovations to 
                existing user facilities if the Secretary determines 
                such facilities are necessary and applicable to conduct 
                research within the focus areas identified for each 
                center.

SEC. 422. VERSATILE NEUTRON SOURCE.

    Section 955(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (U.S.C. 16275) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (4), by striking ``2026'' and inserting 
        ``2030''; and
            (2) in paragraph (7), by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) $639,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                    ``(G) $1,005,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                    ``(H) $1,081,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                    ``(I) $910,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
                    ``(J) $654,000,000 for fiscal year 2030.''.

SEC. 423. CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that power 
produced from fossil fuels is essential for maintaining the global 
competitiveness of United States manufacturing and industrial 
processes, and that these domestic industries are critical to the 
prosperity and national security of the United States.
    (b) Carbon Sequestration Research Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy, in coordination 
        with the Secretary of the Interior, shall establish an 
        initiative focused on the evaluation the sequestration of 
        carbon dioxide in geologic formations in order to--
                    (A) enhance the scientific understanding of, and 
                reduce uncertainties associated with, the effects of 
                carbon dioxide stored in geologic formations for long 
                and short term periods; and
                    (B) inform improved risk-assessment methods, risk-
                management practices, and standards with respect to the 
                storage of carbon dioxide in geologic formations on 
                large and small scale.
            (2) Program components.--In carrying out the initiative 
        under subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall--
                    (A) identify ongoing scientific challenges for 
                understanding the long and short term effects of 
                sequestered carbon dioxide, especially in shallow 
                geologic formations and sites not used for enhanced oil 
                recovery;
                    (B) develop a long-term strategic and prioritized 
                basic research agenda to address such scientific 
                challenges in coordination with other research efforts;
                    (C) leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
                existing carbon utilization and sequestration research, 
                including from the United States Geological Survey and 
                the national Carbon Utilization Research Center; and
                    (D) engage with other Federal agencies, research 
                communities, and potential users of information 
                produced under this section.
            (3) Coordination.--In carrying out the initiative under 
        subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall ensure 
        coordination with relevant Federal agencies, including the 
        Department of the Interior, the Environmental Protection 
        Agency, and the Department of Agriculture, and prioritize the 
        following objectives:
                    (A) leveraging experience from existing entities, 
                demonstrations, and research sponsored by the 
                Department, including Regional Carbon Sequestration 
                Partnerships;
                    (B) increasing the understanding and development of 
                permanent soil carbon sequestration;
                    (C) providing a coordinated update of carbon 
                storage potential across the United States by 
                integrating data with DOE's Carbon Storage Atlas; and
                    (D) developing computational tools, in coordination 
                with DOE's Office of Advanced Scientific Computing 
                Research and the National Risk Assessment Partnership, 
                to assess and manage potential environmental impacts at 
                geologic carbon dioxide storage sites.
            (4) Duplication.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
        coordination of, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, the 
        activities of this initiative with the activities of--
                    (A) other research entities of the Department, 
                including the National Laboratories, the Advanced 
                Research Projects Agency-Energy; and
                    (B) industry.
            (5) Research plan.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall transmit to the 
        Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
        Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies 
        and prioritizes basic research needs relating to carbon 
        sequestration in geologic formations.

SEC. 424. FRONTIER OBSERVATORY FOR RESEARCH IN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY.

    Section 615 (c)(7)(A) of the Energy Independence and Security Act 
of 2007 (42 U.S.C. 17194) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
                            ``(vi) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
                            ``(vii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
                            ``(viii) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
                            ``(ix) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
                            ``(x) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
                            ``(xi) $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.''.

SEC. 425. ENERGY STORAGE GRAND CHALLENGE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a research challenge 
to be known as the ``Energy Storage Grand Challenge'' (referred to in 
this section as the ``Challenge'') to support and accelerate the 
research, development, and demonstration of advanced energy storage 
technologies, in order to--
            (1) support basic research in capabilities that enable 
        temporal flexibility in the conversion of energy resources to 
        useful energy services;
            (2) inform the development of a broad range of energy 
        storage systems, including batteries, chemical storage, and 
        thermal storage, with emphasis on innovative materials, 
        manufacturing, and recycling; and
            (3) facilitate the translation of basic research results in 
        energy storage to industry.
    (b) Leveraging.--In carrying out programs and activities under the 
Challenge, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources and 
facilitate collaboration between--
            (1) the Office of Electricity;
            (2) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy;
            (3) the Office of Fossil Energy;
            (4) the Office of Nuclear Energy; and
            (5) the Basic Energy Sciences Program and Advanced 
        Scientific Computing Program of the Office of Science.
The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection 
through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or 
cross-cutting research programs.
    (c) Grid Scale Energy Storage User Facilities.--Not later than 180 
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
transmit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and 
prioritizes basic research needs relating to the development, 
construction, operation, and maintenance of grid scale energy storage 
technology demonstration projects, which shall operate as national user 
facilities.

SEC. 426. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND CONSTRUCTION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
fundamental research, development, and early-stage demonstration of 
innovative engineered systems and tools to help ensure the resilience 
and security of critical integrated grid infrastructures.
    (b) Coordination.--In carrying out the program under subsection 
(a), the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources and 
facilitate collaboration and coordination between--
            (1) the Office of Electricity;
            (2) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and 
        Emergency Response;
            (3) the Office of Science;
            (4) the Department of Defense; and
            (5) the Department of Homeland Security.
    (c) Critical Infrastructure Test Range.--In carrying out the 
program under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish and operate 
a Critical Infrastructure Test Range (referred to in this section as 
the ``Test Range'') that allows for scalable physical and cyber 
performance testing to be conducted on industry-scale infrastructure 
systems. This facility shall include a focus on--
            (1) cyber security test beds; and
            (2) electric grid test beds.
    (d) Selection.--The Secretary shall select the Test Range under 
this section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis. The Secretary 
shall consider applications from National Laboratories, institutions of 
higher education, multi-institutional collaborations, and other 
appropriate entities.
    (e) Duration.--The Test Range established under this section shall 
receive support for a period of not more than 5 years, subject to the 
availability of appropriations.
    (f) Renewal.--Upon the expiration of any period of support of the 
Test Range, the Secretary may renew support for the Test Range, on a 
merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years.
    (g) Termination.--Consistent with the existing authorities of the 
Department, the Secretary may terminate the Test Range for cause during 
the performance period.

        TITLE V--NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

SEC. 501. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The National Institute of Standards and Technology 
        (NIST) promotes United States innovation and industrial 
        competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards and 
        technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve 
        Americans' quality of life.
            (2) NIST's leadership in a broad range of cutting-edge 
        scientific endeavors including but not limited to quantum 
        science and engineering, cybersecurity, biologics, artificial 
        intelligence (AI), machine learning, additive manufacturing, 
        disaster resilience, and international standards development is 
        critical to America's leadership in the industries of the 
        future.
            (3) NIST's role as the Nation's laboratory for industry is 
        critical to maintaining the economic and national security of 
        the United States.

SEC. 502. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Year 2022.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,244,800,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2022.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $866,800,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $9,900,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $178,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $153,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278l) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (b) Fiscal Year 2023.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,326,600,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2023.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $945,600,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $10,800,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $20,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $181,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $156,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (c) Fiscal Year 2024.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,408,400,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2024.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,024,000,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $11,700,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $184,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $159,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (d) Fiscal Year 2025.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,490,200,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2025.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,103,200,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $12,600,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $187,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $162,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (e) Fiscal Year 2026.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,572,000,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2026.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,182,000,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $13,500,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $190,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $165,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (f) Fiscal Year 2027.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,653,800,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2027.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,260,800,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $14,400,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $193,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $168,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (g) Fiscal Year 2028.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,735,600,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2028.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,339,600,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $15,300,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $196,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $174,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (h) Fiscal Year 2029.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,817,400,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2029.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,418,000,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $16,200,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $199,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $174,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (i) Fiscal Year 2030.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,899,200,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2030.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,497,200,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $17,100,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $202,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $177,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).
    (j) Fiscal Year 2031.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Secretary of Commerce $1,981,000,000 for the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology for fiscal year 2031.
            (2) Specific allocations.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $1,576,000,000 shall be for scientific and 
                technical research and services laboratory activities, 
                of which $18,000,000 may be transferred to the Working 
                Capital Fund;
                    (B) $200,000,000 shall be for the construction and 
                maintenance of facilities, of which $120,000,000 shall 
                be for Safety, Capacity, Maintenance, and Major 
                Repairs, including $10,000,000 for IT infrastructure; 
                and
                    (C) $205,000,000 shall be for industrial technology 
                services activities, of which $180,000,000 shall be for 
                the Manufacturing Extension Partnership program under 
                sections 25 and 26 of the National Institute of 
                Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278k and 278I) 
                and $25,000,000 shall be for the Network for 
                Manufacturing Innovation Program under section 34 of 
                the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act 
                (15 U.S.C. 278s).

SEC. 503. NIST FACILITIES MODERNIZATION FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
United States a fund to be known as the ``NIST Facilities Modernization 
Fund'' (hereafter in this section referred to as the ``Fund'').
    (b) Use of Funds.--Amounts in the Fund shall be available to 
Secretary, acting through the Director, for Capital Projects on the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology's campuses for the 
modernization and construction of research facilities needed to conduct 
leading edge scientific and technical research.
    (c) Contents of Fund.--The Funds shall consist of the following 
amounts:
            (1) Such amounts as may be appropriated by law.
            (2) Interest earned on the balance of the Fund.
    (d) Authorization of Funds.--Of the funds authorized to be 
appropriated in section 302 of this Act for the construction and 
maintenance of facilities, $80,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 
2022 through 2031 shall be provided for the Fund established in 
subsection (a).
    (e) Continuing Availability of Funds.--Amounts in the Fund are 
available without regard to fiscal year limitation.
    (f) Notification to Committees.--Upon making any obligation or 
expenditure of any amount in the Fund, the Secretary, through the 
Director, shall notify the House of Representatives Science, Space, and 
Technology Committee, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate of 
the amount and purpose of the obligation or expenditure.
    (g) NIST Facilities Modernization and Maintenance Plan.--
            (1) In general.--To carry out the program authorized in 
        subsection (a), the Secretary, acting through the Director, 
        shall develop and submit to Congress a 5-year modernization and 
        maintenance plan for the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology's campuses.
            (2) Timing.--The modernization and maintenance plan 
        required in paragraph (1) shall be submitted to Congress within 
        30 days of enactment of this Act, and updated on an annual 
        basis.
            (3) Plan elements.--The Plan required in paragraph (1) 
        shall include the following:
                    (A) A list of Capitol Construction Projects 
                expected to be undertaken in the next 5 years, the core 
                capabilities these facilities will provide, anticipated 
                schedule of construction, and anticipated funding 
                requirements.
                    (B) A list of planned utility infrastructure 
                projects expected to be undertaken in the next 5 years, 
                anticipated schedule of construction, and anticipated 
                funding requirements.
                    (C) A list of planned IT infrastructure projects 
                expected to be undertaken in the next 5 years, 
                anticipated schedule of construction, and anticipated 
                funding requirements.
                    (D) A list of the deferred maintenance, a list of 
                deferred maintenance projects expected to be undertaken 
                in the next 5 years, anticipated schedule of 
                construction, anticipated funding requirements, and an 
                evaluation of progress made in reducing the deferred 
                maintenance backlog.

SEC. 504. CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH.

    (a) Research.--The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
expand the fundamental and applied research carried out by the 
Institute to address key questions relating the measurement of privacy, 
security, and vulnerability of software tools and communications 
networks, including through--
            (1) the development of research and engineering 
        capabilities to provide practical solutions, including 
        measurement techniques and engineering toolkits, to solve 
        cybersecurity challenges such as human factors, identity 
        management, network security, privacy, and software;
            (2) investment in tools to help private and public sector 
        organizations, including institutions of higher education and 
        research organizations, measure and manage cybersecurity risks 
        and ensure workforce preparedness for new cybersecurity 
        challenges; and
            (3) investment in programs to prepare the United States 
        with strong cybersecurity and encryption technologies to apply 
        to emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the 
        internet of things, and quantum computing.
    (b) Assistance to Federal Agencies.--The Director shall enhance and 
expand the Institute's guidance and assistance to Federal agencies to 
help agencies effectively implement the Framework for Improving 
Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity, including--
            (1) technical guidance on the requirements in the Executive 
        order;
            (2) technical guidance and education and training of agency 
        staff responsible for cyber security, consultative services, 
        and other assistance at individual Federal agencies; and
            (3) technical guidance and education and training of 
        individual Federal agency Inspectors General and staff who are 
        responsible for the annual independent evaluation they are 
        required to perform of the information security program and 
        practices of Federal agencies under section 3555 of title 44, 
        United States Code.
    (c) Report.--The Director shall provide the House Science, Space, 
and Technology Committee and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation a report, not later than 12 months after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, describing how the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology carried out the activities described in 
subsection (b) in as much detail as possible, including identification 
of agencies assisted and the types of consultative services, education, 
guidance, assistance, and training provided to individual agencies and 
Inspectors General.

SEC. 505. INTERNET OF THINGS.

    The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall continue to 
conduct research with respect to and support the expanded connectivity, 
interoperability, and security of interconnected systems and other 
aspects of the internet of things, including through--
            (1) the development of new tools and methodologies for 
        cybersecurity of the internet of things;
            (2) the development of technologies to address network 
        congestion and device interference, such as the development of 
        testing tools for next generation wireless communications, 
        internet of things protocols, coexistence of wireless 
        communications systems, and spectrum sharing;
            (3) convening experts in the public and private sectors to 
        develop recommendations for accelerating the adoption of sound 
        interoperability standards, guidelines, and best practices for 
        the internet of things; and
            (4) the development and publication of new cybersecurity 
        tools, encryption methods, and best practices for internet of 
        things security.

SEC. 506. COMPOSITES RESEARCH.

    (a) Research.--The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall 
implement the recommendations contained in the December 2017 report 
entitled ``Road Mapping Workshop Report on Overcoming Barriers to 
Adoption of Composites in Sustainable Infrastructure'', as appropriate, 
to help facilitate the adoption of composite technology in 
infrastructure in the United States. In implementing such 
recommendations, the Secretary, acting through the Director shall, with 
respect to the use of composite technology in infrastructure--
            (1) not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of 
        this Act, initiate the establishment of a design data 
        clearinghouse to identify, gather, validate, and disseminate 
        existing design criteria, tools, guidelines, and standards; and
            (2) develop methods and resources required for testing an 
        evaluation of safe and appropriate uses of composite materials 
        for infrastructure, including--
                    (A) conditioning protocols, procedures and models;
                    (B) screening and acceptance tools; and
                    (C) minimum allowable design data sets that can be 
                converted into design tools.
    (b) Standards Coordination.--The Secretary, acting through the 
Director, shall assure that the appropriate Institute staff consult 
regularly with standards developers, members of the composites 
industry, institutions of higher education, and other stakeholders in 
order to facilitate the adoption of standards for use of composite 
materials in infrastructure that are based on the research and testing 
results and other information developed by the Institute.

SEC. 507. ENABLING THE FUTURE BIOECONOMY.

    The Secretary, acting through the Director, shall continue to 
support the research and development of engineering biology, including 
through--
            (1) building up NIST's core capabilities in measurement 
        science supporting synthetic biology by investing in 
        foundational measurement tools;
            (2) delivering the necessary measurement methods, standards 
        and related services required to impart confidence in emerging 
        engineering biology capabilities; and
            (3) developing and evaluating computation tools in order to 
        develop and deploy predictive models that will ink biological 
        blueprints with biological outcomes.

SEC. 508. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Widespread use of standards facilitates technology 
        advancement by defining and establishing common foundations for 
        product differentiation, technological innovation, and other 
        value-added services.
            (2) Standards also promote an expanded, more interoperable, 
        and efficient marketplace.
            (3) Global cooperation and coordination on standards for 
        emerging technologies will be critical for having a consistent 
        set of rules to enable market competition, preclude barriers to 
        trade, and allow innovation to flourish.
            (4) China's ``Standardization Reform Plan'' and ``Five-Year 
        Plan for Standardization'' highlight its high-level goals to 
        establish China as a ``standards power'' by 2020, participate 
        in at least half of all standards drafting and revision efforts 
        in recognized international standards setting organizations, 
        and to strengthen China's participation in the governance of 
        international standards setting organizations.
            (5) As emerging technologies develop for global deployment, 
        it is critical that the Unite States and its allies continue to 
        shape standards that underpin the technologies themselves, and 
        the future international governance of these technologies.
            (6) United States position on standardization in emerging 
        technologies will be critical to United States economic 
        competitiveness.
            (7) NIST is in a unique position to strengthen United 
        States leadership in standards development, particularly for 
        emerging technologies, to ensure continuing United States 
        economic competitiveness and national security.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) while United States experts have historically been 
        leaders in international standards development activities, 
        there is concern that the United States is losing its edge;
            (2) strengthening the unique United States public-private 
        partnerships approach to standards development is critical to 
        United States economic competitiveness; and
            (3) the United States Government should ensure cooperation 
        and coordination across Federal agencies to partner with and 
        support private sector stakeholders to continue to shape 
        international dialogues in regard to standards development for 
        emerging technologies.
    (c) Research Activities and Engagement.--The Secretary, acting 
through the Director, shall--
            (1) build capacity and training opportunities to help 
        create a pipeline of talent and leadership in key standards 
        development positions, including standards education and 
        training related activities targeted at integrating standards 
        content into undergraduate and graduate curricula in science, 
        engineering, business, public policy, and law;
            (2) partner with private sector entities to support 
        strategically increased engagement and leadership in the 
        development of international standards for digital economy 
        technologies, including partnering with industry to incentivize 
        private sector partners to develop standards strategies and 
        support engagement and participation in the relevant standards 
        activities; and
            (3) develop approaches to prioritize standardization for 
        emerging technologies, identify organization in which to 
        develop these standards, identify leadership positions of 
        interest to the United States, and identify key contributors 
        for technical and leadership expertise in these areas.

SEC. 509. REVIEW OF THE CENTER FOR NEUTRON RESEARCH.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Comptroller of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of NIST's 
Center for Neutron Research, including the following:
            (1) An assessment of what progress NIST has made in 
        planning for the future of the Center for Neutron Research's 
        nuclear reactor since the release of the 2018 National 
        Academies report, and what steps NIST has taken to implement 
        the Academies report.
            (2) An analysis of the extent to which NIST's planning 
        efforts align with leading practices.
            (3) An assessment of the extent to which NIST has worked 
        with the Department of Energy to identify the scientific 
        community's long-term needs for neutron research facilities and 
        discuss the coordination of future facilities, and how these 
        agencies are factoring these needs into their decision-making 
        process.
            (4) Recommendations for NIST and the Department of Energy 
        on how best to continue to support civilian nuclear research 
        reactors.

SEC. 510. HIRING AND MANAGEMENT.

    (a) Direct Hire Authority.--The Secretary, acting through the 
Director, may--
            (1) appoint, without regard to the provisions of subchapter 
        I of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code (other than 
        sections 3303, 3328, and 3330e of such chapter), qualified 
        candidates to scientific, engineering, and professional 
        positions for carrying out research and development functions 
        which require the services of specially qualified personnel 
        relating to cybersecurity and quantum information science and 
        technology and such other areas of national research priorities 
        as the Secretary, acting through the Director, may determine; 
        and
            (2) fix the rate of basic pay of any individual appointed 
        under paragraph (1), at a rate not in excess of the basic rate 
        of pay of the Vice President under section 104 of title 3, 
        United States Code, without regard to title 5, United States 
        Code.
    (b) Limitation.--The Director may appoint not more than 10 
individuals under subsection (a).
    (c) Sunset.--The authority under subsection (a) shall expire on the 
date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (d) Other Transaction Authority.--Section 2(b)(4) of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(b)(4)) is 
amended to read as follows:
            ``(4) to enter into and perform such contracts, including 
        cooperative research and development arrangements and grants 
        and cooperative agreements or other transactions, as may be 
        necessary in the conduct of its work and on such terms as it 
        may deem appropriate, in furtherance of the purposes of this 
        Act;''.

SEC. 511. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the 
Director, may establish or enter into an agreement with a nonprofit 
organization to establish a National Institute of Standards and 
Technology Foundation. The Foundation shall not be an agency or 
instrumentality of the United States Government.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of the Foundation shall be to support the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology in its mission.
    (c) Activities.--Activities of the Foundation may include the 
solicitation and acceptance of funds--
            (1) to support international metrology and standards 
        engagement activities;
            (2) to conduct education and outreach activities; and
            (3) to offer direct support to NIST associates, including 
        through activities such as the provision of fellowships, 
        grants, and occupational safety and awareness training.
    (d) Transfer of Funds.--The Director may authorize, under the 
agreement under subsection (a), the transfer of funds from the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology to the nonprofit organization to 
offset any administrative costs of the Foundation.
    (e) Liability.--The United States shall not be liable for any 
debts, defaults, acts, or omissions of the Foundation. The full faith 
and credit of the United States shall not extend to any obligations of 
the Foundation.

SEC. 512. MEP OUTREACH.

    Section 25 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278k) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (6), by striking ``community 
                colleges and area career and technical education 
                schools'' and inserting the following: ``secondary 
                schools (as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary 
                and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801)), 
                community colleges, and area career and technical 
                education schools, including those in underserved and 
                rural communities,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (7)--
                            (i) by striking ``and local colleges'' and 
                        inserting the following: ``local high schools 
                        and local colleges, including those in 
                        underserved and rural communities,''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``or other applied 
                        learning opportunities'' after 
                        ``apprenticeships''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)(3), by striking ``, community 
        colleges, and area career and technical education schools,'' 
        and inserting the following: ``and local high schools, 
        community colleges, and area career and technical education 
        schools, including those in underserved and rural 
        communities,''.

SEC. 513. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
            (2) Framework.--The term ``Framework'' means the Framework 
        for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity developed 
        by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and 
        referred to in Executive Order 13800 issued on May 11, 2017 (82 
        Fed. Reg. 22391 et seq.).
            (3) Institute.--The term ``Institute'' means the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology.
            (4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
        term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001).
            (5) NIST associate.--The term ``NIST associate'' means any 
        guest researcher, research associate, facility user, or 
        volunteer who conducts research at a National Institute of 
        Standards and Technology facility, but is not an employee of 
        the National Institute of Standards and Technology or of 
        another Federal department or agency.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Commerce.

       TITLE VI--NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION

SEC. 601. ESTABLISHMENT OF A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER OFFICE.

    (a) Technology Transfer Office.--The Under Secretary shall 
establish a technology transfer office at the corporate agency level.
    (b) Technology Transfer Coordinator.--The Under Secretary shall 
appoint a Technology Transfer Coordinator to be the principal advisor 
to the Under Secretary on all matters relating to technology transfer 
and commercialization and will serve as director of the technology 
transfer office.
    (c) Qualifications.--The Coordinator shall be an individual who, by 
reason of professional background and experience, is specially 
qualified to advise the Under Secretary on matters pertaining to 
technology transfer at the Agency.
    (d) Duties of the Coordinator.--The Coordinator shall oversee--
            (1) the expenditure of funds allocated for technology 
        transfer within the Agency;
            (2) efforts to improve research to operations within the 
        Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and other Agency 
        line offices;
            (3) efforts to engage private sector entities, including 
        venture capital companies;
            (4) efforts to engage State and local governments;
            (5) coordinate efforts across the Agency; and
            (6) facilitate knowledge transfer from the Agency on 
        Federal standards to commercial, State, and local governments.
    (e) Technology Transfer Responsibility.--Nothing in this section 
affects the technology transfer responsibilities of Federal employees 
under the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3701 et seq.).
    (f) Planning and Reporting.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to 
        Congress a technology transfer execution plan.
            (2) Updates.--Each year after the submission of the plan 
        under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall submit to 
        Congress an updated execution plan and reports that describe 
        progress toward meeting goals set forth in the execution plan 
        and the funds expended under subsection (e).

SEC. 602. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND TRANSITIONS ASSESSMENT.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and 
annually thereafter, the Under Secretary shall transmit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report which shall include--
            (1) report on the Agency's research to operations 
        activities during the previous fiscal year; and
            (2) recommended agency policy changes to increase research 
        to operations activities in the coming fiscal year.

SEC. 603. NATIONAL MESONET PROGRAM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) since the initial establishment of a private-public 
        partnership demonstration program, the National Mesonet Program 
        has leveraged data collected by existing weather station 
        networks to--
                    (A) provide accurate, real-time observation for 
                weather forecasters and emergency response personnel in 
                metropolitan areas across the United States;
                    (B) address persistent impediments, identified in a 
                National Academy of Sciences Report released in 2009, 
                to fulfill the need for broader and denser weather 
                observation networks to improve severe weather lead-
                times;
                    (C) achieve major improvements for the National 
                Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the broader 
                American Weather Enterprise, despite some significant 
                development issues and cost overruns, according to a 
                National Academy of Sciences Report released in 2011;
                    (D) increase the amount of non-Federal weather data 
                available to government by orders of magnitude; and
                    (E) improve understanding of the impact, the size 
                and duration of mesoscale weather events; and
            (2) the National Mesonet Program is a critical component of 
        agency operations and provides reliable, real-time prediction 
        and observation capabilities for the physical environment that 
        enhances response and prevention strategies to severe weather 
        events.
    (b) Program.--The National Weather Service shall carry out the 
National Mesonet Program under law to improve understanding of and 
forecast capabilities for atmospheric events, placing priority on 
leveraging available commercial and other non-Federal weather data to 
enhance coordination across the private, public, and academic sectors 
of the American weather enterprise.
    (c) Program Elements.--The program described in subsection (b) 
shall focus on the following activities:
            (1) Improving the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration and the National Weather Service's ability to 
        provide the baseline forecasts and warnings that protect the 
        Nation's citizens, businesses, military, and government 
        agencies and enable them to operate and perform in safe, 
        efficient, and orderly manners.
            (2) Yielding significant amounts of boundary-layer data to 
        result in dramatic improvements in numerical weather prediction 
        performance.
            (3) Providing the critical technical and administrative 
        infrastructure needed to facilitate rapid integration of new 
        and emerging surface, boundary layer, and space-based networks 
        anticipated in coming years.
            (4) Utilizing and integrating existing National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration data, including, but not limited to, 
        National Ocean Service water level stations into existing 
        forecasts.
            (5) Leveraging existing networks of environmental 
        monitoring stations to dramatically increase the quantity and 
        density of weather observations available to the National 
        Weather Service at a highly cost-effective price.
            (6) Supporting the National Weather Service in reaching its 
        target of a 30-minute warning time for severe weather through 
        better predictive algorithms driven by increasingly effective 
        observations.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of amounts otherwise made 
available to the National Weather Service, there are authorized to 
carry out this section $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2022, $26,000,000 
for fiscal year 2023, $27,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, $28,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2025, $29,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, and $30,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2027.

SEC. 604. SEVERE WEATHER EXTRAMURAL TESTBEDS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 
        2017 instructs NOAA to prioritize improving weather data, 
        modeling, computing, forecasting and warnings for the 
        protection of life and property and for the enhancement of the 
        national economy.
            (2) The Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 
        2017 has also mandated that the NOAA Office of Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Research prioritize involving extramural partners 
        to leverage existing public and private resources to expand and 
        improve weather forecasting and modeling as quickly and 
        efficiently as possible.
            (3) There is a need for additional weather research and 
        forecasting innovation given the increasing number of severe 
        weather events and their increasing effect on public health, 
        safety, and national and regional economic well-being.
    (b) Program.--Not later than 180 days after the enactment of this 
Act, the Assistant Administrator for the Office of Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research shall establish a program to create one or more 
weather research testbeds, hosted by extramural university based 
partners, to develop improved understanding of and forecast 
capabilities for atmospheric events and their impacts. Resources for 
such testbeds shall not be taken from the existing NOAA cooperative 
institutes.
    (c) Program Elements.--The program described in subsection (b) 
shall focus on the following activities:
            (1) Improving the fundamental understanding of weather, 
        including the boundary layer and other processes affecting high 
        impact weather events.
            (2) Improving the understanding of how the public receives, 
        interprets, and responds to warnings and forecasts of high 
        impact weather events that endanger life and property.
            (3) Research and development, and transfer of knowledge, 
        technologies, and applications to the National Weather Service 
        and other appropriate agencies and entities, including the 
        United States weather industry and academic partners.
    (d) Extramural Research.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out the program under this 
        section, the Assistant Administrator for Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Research shall collaborate with and support the 
        non-Federal weather research community, which includes 
        institutions of higher education, private entities, and 
        nongovernmental organizations, by making funds available 
        through competitive grants, contracts, and cooperative 
        agreements. Preference shall be given to applicants with 
        significant expertise in severe weather research that are co-
        located with existing NOAA intramural weather related 
        laboratories.
            (2) Extramural academic partners.--Of the funds authorized 
        in subsection (e), not less than 80 percent shall be dedicated 
        to research of extramural academic partners.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--For each of fiscal years 2022 
and 2023, there are authorized out of funds appropriated to the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, $10,000,000 to carry 
out the activities of this section.

SEC. 605. NEXT GENERATION DIGITAL RADAR.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) the national weather radar network is aging, and 
        procurement and replacement must begin by early in the decade 
        commencing with the year 2030;
            (2) research by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
        Administration on next generation radar systems has largely 
        focused on the development of a phased array radar for severe 
        weather forecasting;
            (3) a phased array radar system can achieve precise 
        measurements of precipitation rates and conditions through a 
        rapid scan of the atmosphere to reveal critical weather 
        thumbprints that point to the potential of severe weather;
            (4) though initially established through the joint 
        collaboration between the Federal Aviation Administration and 
        the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
        potential for use of the phased array radar for severe weather 
        observations has emerged as the focus;
            (5) lifetime operations and maintenance costs will be 
        significantly reduced due to the simple, digital process for 
        updating the digital array radar system; and
            (6) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
        must continue to conduct crucial technical risk reduction 
        research to be ready for the next generation of radar networks.
    (b) Program.--The Under Secretary shall develop, in collaboration 
with the Assistant Administrators for Weather Services and Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research, and utilizing NOAA's existing academic partners 
for implementation, a technical risk reduction program, that will lead 
to the baseline requirements to procure an all-digital ground based 
phased array radar system for initial deployment by no later than 2032. 
At a minimum, such a program must demonstrate the ability to 
significantly improve the accuracy of severe weather forecasts while 
lowering long term Federal operating costs.
    (c) Program Elements.--The program described in subsection (b) 
shall focus on the following activities:
            (1) Definition of key system requirements needed to cost 
        effectively lead to significantly improve weather forecasting 
        accuracy and precision through a nationwide all-digital ground 
        based phased array weather radar system.
            (2) Identification of critical technologies and subsystems 
        on the critical path to the development of an all-digital 
        phased array system, and an investment schedule to reduce risk 
        in each designated area.
            (3) Development of a full-scale digital phased array radar 
        demonstrator that will meet requirements set in paragraph (1).
            (4) Development of a multi-year effort to strengthen ties 
        between NOAA and its public university based academic partners 
        so as to maintain an ongoing reservoir of science and 
        technology talent to help to guide and advise Federal program 
        managers on the implementation and use of an all-digital phased 
        array radar system.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amounts otherwise made 
available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 
Operations, Research, and Facilities Action, there are authorized to 
carry out this section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 and 
2023.

SEC. 606. FELLOWSHIPS.

    (a) In General.--To carry out the educational and training 
objectives of this Act, the Under Secretary shall support a program of 
weather fellowships for qualified individuals at the graduate and 
postgraduate level. The fellowships shall be related to meteorology, 
atmospheric science, space weather, and climatology and awarded 
pursuant to guidelines established by the Under Secretary.
    (b) Weather Fellowship.--The Under Secretary may award weather 
fellowships to support the placement of individuals at the graduate 
level of education in fields related to meteorology, atmospheric 
science, space weather, and climatology within NOAA. A fellowship 
awarded under this subsection shall be for a period of not more than 1 
year.

SEC. 607. COMMERCIAL DATA REPORT UPDATE.

    Section 302(d)(4) of the Weather Research and Forecasting 
Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8532(d)(4)) is amended by striking 
the period and inserting: ``, including--
                    ``(A) if the Under Secretary determines that 
                existing commercial data does not meet National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration needs, an explanation of 
                why the commercial data was not sufficient; and
                    ``(B) if the Under Secretary determines that no 
                commercial data will be purchased in a fiscal year, 
                guidance to Congress about potential uses of commercial 
                data.''.

SEC. 608. REPORT ON NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INTERNET BANDWIDTH 
              SHORTAGE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than six months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall issue a report to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House, a report 
on internet bandwidth issues at the National Center for Environmental 
Prediction.
    (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) shall 
include--
            (1) an assessment of the cause of any internet bandwidth 
        issues experienced by the National Weather Service;
            (2) recommended solutions to mitigate ongoing bandwidth 
        issues;
            (3) potential impacts on commercial data users; and
            (4) estimated costs of recommended solutions.

SEC. 609. NAPA STUDY.

    (a) In General.--The Under Secretary shall contract with the 
National Academy of Public Administration to conduct a study examining 
the feasibility of transferring Marine Protection services to the 
Department of the Interior.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
results of the study conducted under subsection (a).

SEC. 610. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
        promotes United States science and innovation by providing 
        weather forecasts, severe storm warnings, and climate 
        monitoring that support and affect more than one-third of the 
        national gross domestic product.
            (2) The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research provides 
        science that enables better forecasts, earlier warnings for 
        natural disasters, and a greater understanding of the Earth.
            (3) The cutting-edge research conducted at OAR provides 
        citizens, planners, and emergency managers reliable information 
        that is critical to daily life.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of amounts otherwise 
available to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, there 
are authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Research--
            (1) $614,000,000 for fiscal year 2022;
            (2) $665,000,000 for fiscal year 2023;
            (3) $720,000,000 for fiscal year 2024;
            (4) $780,000,000 for fiscal year 2025;
            (5) $845,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
            (6) $915,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
            (7) $990,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
            (8) $1,072,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
            (9) $1,146,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
            (10) $1,228,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.

SEC. 611. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Agency.--The term ``Agency'' means the National Oceanic 
        and Atmospheric Administration.
            (2) NOAA.--The term ``NOAA'' means the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration.
            (3) Under secretary.--The term ``Under Secretary'' means 
        the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.

                 TITLE VII--NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

SEC. 701. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) Fiscal Year 2022.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $9,288,351,900 for fiscal year 2022.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $7,600,745,900 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,057,950,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $85,800,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $315,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $83,250,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $82,500,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $64,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $255,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $90,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $352,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $18,156,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (b) Fiscal Year 2023.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $10,058,692,800 for fiscal year 2023.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $8,291,722,800 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,129,950,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $92,400,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $342,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $97,500,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $96,250,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $66,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $255,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $90,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $359,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $18,520,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (c) Fiscal Year 2024.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $10,862,529,700 for fiscal year 2024.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $8,982,699,700 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,205,450,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $99,000,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $370,500,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $113,750,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $110,000,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $68,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $285,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $105,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $366,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $18,880,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (d) Fiscal Year 2025.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $11,624,846,600 for fiscal year 2025.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $9,673,676,600 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,269,400,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $105,600,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $399,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $130,000,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $112,200,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $70,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $285,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $120,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $373,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $19,270,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (e) Fiscal Year 2026.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $12,403,503,500 for fiscal year 2026.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $10,364,653,500 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,319,700,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $112,200,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $427,500,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $132,600,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $114,400,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $72,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $315,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $180,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $380,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $19,650,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (f) Fiscal Year 2027.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $13,152,330,400 for fiscal year 2027.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $11,055,630,400 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,370,200,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $118,800,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $456,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $135,300,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $116,700,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $74,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $315,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $205,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $382,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $20,000,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (g) Fiscal Year 2028.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $13,931,257,300 for fiscal year 2028.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $11,746,607,300 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,420,700,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $125,400,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $484,500,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $138,000,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $119,000,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $76,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $345,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $215,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $394,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $20,450,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (h) Fiscal Year 2029.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $14,680,234,200 for fiscal year 2029.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $12,437,584,200 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,471,300,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $132,000,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $513,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $140,700,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $121,400,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $78,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $345,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $225,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $401,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $20,850,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (i) Fiscal Year 2030.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $15,460,331,100 for fiscal year 2030.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $13,128,561,100 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,523,000,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $139,600,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $541,500,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $143,500,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $123,800,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program; and
                            (v) $80,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program;
                    (C) $375,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $225,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $408,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $21,270,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.
    (j) Fiscal Year 2031.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the Foundation $16,245,538,000 for fiscal year 2031.
            (2) Specific allocation.--Of the amount authorized by 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) $13,819,538,000 shall be made available for 
                research and related activities;
                    (B) $1,609,800,000 shall be made available for 
                education and human resources including--
                            (i) $146,200,000 for the Advanced Technical 
                        Education Program;
                            (ii) $570,000,000 for the Graduate Research 
                        Fellowship Program;
                            (iii) $146,400,000 for the Robert Noyce 
                        Teacher Scholarship Program;
                            (iv) $162,200,000 for the CyberCorps 
                        Scholarship for Service Program;
                            (v) $82,000,000 for the NSF Research 
                        Traineeship Program; and
                    (C) $375,000,000 shall be made available for major 
                research equipment and facilities construction, of 
                which $225,000,000 shall be for mid-scale projects;
                    (D) $415,000,000 shall be made available for agency 
                operations and award management;
                    (E) $4,500,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the National Science Board; and
                    (F) $21,700,000 shall be made available for the 
                Office of the Inspector General.

SEC. 702. NSF ORGANIZATIONAL REVIEW.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) since its establishment in 1950, the National Science 
        Foundation has been the gold standard for the world in funding 
        basic science and engineering research;
            (2) the National Science Foundation should continue to fund 
        competitive, merit-reviewed basic research across all fields of 
        science and engineering to achieve its statutory mission;
            (3) scientific research has become increasingly 
        interdisciplinary, crossing the boundaries of individual fields 
        and the divisions and directorates of the National Science 
        Foundation that support research grants; and
            (4) as the nature of scientific research changes, it is 
        important for the institutions that support science like the 
        National Science Foundation, to periodically evaluate whether 
        the organization needs to evolve to continue to fund the best 
        science, the best scientists, and the most groundbreaking 
        research.
    (b) Study.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Director shall contract with the National Academy of 
Public Administration (referred to in this section as the ``National 
Academy'') to conduct a study on the organizational and management 
structure of the Foundation, to--
            (1) evaluate and make recommendations for the structure of 
        the Foundation's directorates, divisions, and offices of the 
        Foundation to efficiently and effectively fund and oversee 
        research grants and education and training programs;
            (2) evaluate and make recommendations for any structural 
        changes needed to improve the support for cross-disciplinary 
        and trans-disciplinary research;
            (3) evaluate and make recommendations for the long-term 
        planning and development of research infrastructure projects; 
        and
            (4) make recommendations for the management of the 
        Foundation's business practices, including personnel and 
        financial management.
    (c) Report to Congress.--Upon completion of the study under 
subsection (b), the Director shall transmit the study to Congress along 
with a summary of the Director's plans, if any, to implement the 
recommendations of the National Academy.

SEC. 703. ETHICS AND SECURITY PLANS.

    (a) Development of Ethics and Security Policies.--Not later than 6 
months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director shall 
develop and implement a policy requiring that all proposals for 
research funding from the Foundation include, if applicable, a plan for 
managing the risk of any potential ethical or security implications 
resulting from such research.
    (b) Requirements.--The policy shall--
            (1) include clear guidance of what constitutes ethical and 
        security risks;
            (2) include field specific guidance as appropriate, which 
        may include biology, artificial intelligence, or cybersecurity;
            (3) include mechanisms to ensure appropriate evaluation of 
        the submitted ethical and security plans required under this 
        section;
            (4) include mechanisms to ensure that researchers comply 
        with approved ethical and security plans; and
            (5) to the extent practical be harmonized with existing 
        ethical and security policies or requirements, including the 
        Common Rule (Federal Policy for the Protection of Human 
        Subjects, 45 C.F.R. 690).
    (c) Limitation.--The policy developed under subsection (a) shall 
not factor into award decisions unless deemed necessary by the merit 
review panel for each program.

SEC. 704. MAJOR RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION UPDATE.

    Section 7036(a) of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 1862o-14(a)) 
is amended by striking ``The maximum amount of an award under the 
program shall be $4,000,000 except if the total amount appropriated for 
the program for a fiscal year exceeds $125,000,000, in which case the 
maximum amount of an award shall be $6,000,000'' and inserting ``The 
maximum amount of an award under the program shall be $6,000,000''.

SEC. 705. NSF RESEARCH SECURITY.

    (a) Office of Research Security and Policy.--The Director shall 
maintain a Research Security and Policy office within the Office of the 
Director. The functions of the Research Security and Policy office 
shall be to coordinate all research security policy issues across the 
Foundation and coordinate with the NSF Office of Inspector General, 
including by--
            (1) serving as the Foundation's primary resource for all 
        policy issues related to the security and integrity of the 
        conduct of Foundation supported research;
            (2) conducting outreach and education activities for 
        awardees on research policies and potential security risks;
            (3) educating NSF program managers and other directorate 
        staff on evaluating NSF awards and awardees for potential 
        security risks;
            (4) communicating reporting and disclosure requirements to 
        awardees and applicants for funding; and
            (5) coordinating with other Federal science agencies as 
        appropriate and through the National Science and Technology 
        Council in accordance with the authority provided under section 
        1746 of the national Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        2020 (Public Law 116-92; 42 U.S.C. 6601 note).
    (b) Chief of Research Security.--The Director shall appoint a 
senior agency official within the Office of the Director as a Chief of 
Research Security, whose primary responsibility is to manage the office 
created in subsection (a).
    (c) Report to Congress.--No later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide a report to the 
Science, Space, and Technology Committee of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
of the Senate, the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate on 
the resources and the number of full time employees needed to carry out 
the functions of the Office established in subsection (a).

SEC. 706. REPRODUCIBILITY IN SCIENCE.

    (a) In General.--The Director shall award grants, on a competitive 
basis, to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 
(or a consortia thereof) to--
            (1) support research and development of open source, usable 
        tools and infrastructure that support reproducibility for a 
        broad range of studies across different disciplines;
            (2) support research on computational reproducibility, 
        including the limits of reproducibility and the consistency of 
        computational results in the development of new computation 
        hardware, tools, and methods;
            (3) support the education and training of students, 
        faculty, and researchers on computational methods and tools to 
        improve the quality of data and code to produce reproducible 
        research; and
            (4) support the education and training of students, 
        faculty, and researchers on the knowledge, skills, and tools 
        needed to conduct research that adheres to the highest 
        scientific standard and to be able to clearly communicate 
        methods and results accurately and appropriately to reflect the 
        uncertainty involved in the research.
    (b) Data Repositories.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall coordinate with the heads of other Federal science agencies to 
develop a set of criteria for trusted open repositories to be used by 
the scientific community in order to facilitate the transparent sharing 
and availability of data and code for federally funded research 
studies.
    (c) Definition of Reproducibility.--For the purposes of this 
section, the term ``reproducibility'' means obtaining consistent 
results using the same input data, computational steps, methods and 
code, and conditions of analysis.

SEC. 707. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS.

    (a) In General.--The Director shall pursue partnerships with 
private industry, private foundations, and/or other appropriate private 
entities to--
            (1) enhance the impact of the Foundation's investments and 
        contributions to American economic competitiveness and 
        security; and
            (2) make available infrastructure, expertise, and financial 
        resources to the United States scientific and engineering 
        research and education enterprise.
    (b) Merit-Review.--Nothing in this section shall be construed as 
altering any intellectual or broader impacts criteria at the Foundation 
for evaluating grant applications.

SEC. 708. EPSCOR.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--
            (1) In general.--It is the sense of Congress that--
                    (A) since maintaining the Nation's scientific and 
                economic leadership requires the participation of 
                talented individuals nationwide, EPSCoR investments 
                into State research and education capacities that are 
                in the Federal interest and should be sustained; and
                    (B) EPSCoR should maintain its experimental 
                component by supporting innovative methods for 
                improving research capacity and competitiveness.
            (2) Definition of epscor.--In this subsection, the term 
        ``EPSCoR'' has the meaning given the term in section 502 of the 
        America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p 
        note).
    (b) Update of EPSCoR.--Section 517(f)(2) of the America COMPETES 
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-9(f)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end; 
        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) to increase the capacity of rural communities 
                to provide quality STEM education and STEM workforce 
                development programming to students, and teachers; 
                and''.

SEC. 709. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title, unless expressly provided otherwise:
            (1) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
        the National Science Foundation.
            (2) Federal science agency.--The term ``Federal science 
        agency'' has the meaning given the term in section 103 of the 
        America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 6623).
            (3) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' means the National 
        Science Foundation.
            (4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
        U.S.C. 1001(a)).

            TITLE VIII--STEM WORKFORCE FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

SEC. 801. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Many reports over the past decade have found that it is 
        critical to our Nation's economic leadership and global 
        competitiveness that the United States educates and trains more 
        scientists and engineers.
            (2) Worldwide demand for STEM-capable workers keeps 
        growing, driven by international opportunities and competition, 
        and by the rapid increases in the number of jobs that require 
        STEM skills, including in lines of work that historically did 
        not require STEM knowledge.
            (3) By 2026 science and engineering jobs are predicted to 
        grow by 13 percent compared with 7 percent growth in the 
        overall United States workforce.
            (4) A recent report by ACT, the scholastic testing service, 
        found that only 20 percent of United States students in the 
        2016 ACT-tested high school graduating class were ready for 
        first-year STEM college courses.
            (5) Out of the 79 countries that participate in the 
        Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's 
        Programme for International Student Assessment, the United 
        States ranks 18th in science and 37th in mathematics.
            (6) The Federal Government spends over $3 billion annually 
        on STEM education related research, programs and activities, 
        but encouraging STEM education activities beyond the scope of 
        the Federal Government is crucial to the future technical and 
        economic competitiveness of the United States.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Nation's future economic and national security 
        relies on building a STEM-capable workforce in order to remain 
        competitive in the global economy, foster greater innovation, 
        and provide a foundation for shared prosperity;
            (2) the Federal Government plays a key role in developing 
        and sustaining a STEM-capable workforce by working with 
        stakeholders at all levels, including researchers, 
        practitioners, industry, and State and local governments to 
        support and promote evidence-based approaches to modernize 
        elementary, secondary, and post-secondary STEM education, and 
        support the reskilling and upskilling that workers will need 
        throughout their careers;
            (3) applying a more holistic view of the STEM workforce 
        that moves beyond academic degrees and occupations will 
        highlight the contributions and opportunities for workers at 
        all education levels;
            (4) increasing the diversity and inclusion in the STEM 
        workforce is needed to help address the STEM skills shortage;
            (5) supporting an interdisciplinary approach to STEM 
        learning, where academic concepts are coupled with real-world 
        applications and students use STEM in contexts that make 
        connections between school, community, work, and the wider 
        world will improve outcomes for students in elementary, 
        secondary and post-secondary education and for skilled 
        technical workers in different career stages;
            (6) leveraging private and nonprofit investments in STEM 
        education will be essential to strengthening the Federal STEM 
        portfolio;
            (7) deepening partnerships between educational institutions 
        and the business sector will be critical in preparing Americans 
        for the industries of the future and support reskilling and 
        upskilling of incumbent workers so that they can better 
        navigate rapid changes in the world of work; and
            (8) coordinating STEM programs and activities across the 
        Federal Government in order to limit duplication and engage 
        stakeholders in STEM programs and related activities for which 
        objective outcomes can be measured will bolster results of 
        Federal STEM education programs, improve the return on 
        taxpayers' investments in STEM education programs, and in turn 
        strengthen the United States economy.

SEC. 802. ADVANCED TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) A National Academies of Science, Engineering, and 
        Medicine report predicts a shortfall of nearly 3,400,000 
        skilled technical workers by 2022.
            (2) The National Science Foundation's Advanced Technical 
        Education program is critical to helping improve the training 
        of the skilled technical workforce, with an emphasis on two-
        year Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) and educating 
        technicians for the high-technology fields that drive our 
        nation's economy.
            (3) The National Science Board's 2019 report on the skilled 
        technical workforce called for strengthening partnerships 
        between skilled technical workforce programs and business and 
        industry.
    (b) Advanced Technical Education Program Update.--Section 3(b) of 
the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 1862i(b)) 
is amended to read as follows:
    ``(b) National Coordination Network for Science and Technical 
Education.--The Director shall award grants to institutions of higher 
education, nonprofit institutions, associate-degree granting colleges 
(or consortia thereof) to establish a network of centers for science 
and technical education. The centers shall--
            ``(1) coordinate research, training and education 
        activities funded by awards under subsection (a) and share 
        information and best practices across the network of awardees;
            ``(2) serve as national and regional clearinghouse and 
        resource to communicate and coordinate research, training and 
        educational activities across disciplinary, organizational, 
        geographic and international boundaries and disseminate best 
        practices; and
            ``(3) develop national and regional partnerships between K-
        12 schools, two-year colleges, institutions of higher 
        education, workforce development programs, and industry to meet 
        workforce needs.''.
    (c) NSF Portfolio Review and Coordination Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall conduct a full portfolio analysis of the 
        Foundation's skilled technical workforce investments and 
        develop a plan to improve coordination and collaboration of 
        research and education investments and the communication of 
        those funding opportunities to the research and education 
        community.
            (2) Submission to congress.--Not later than 180 days after 
        the date of the review and development of the plan under 
        paragraph (1) is complete, the Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall submit to Congress and make widely available 
        to the public a summary of the portfolio review and plan.

SEC. 803. GRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM UPDATE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The National Science Foundation Graduate Research 
        Fellowship Program is the nation's oldest fellowship program 
        that directly supports American graduate students in various 
        STEM fields and is a model for training the best innovators in 
        the United States.
            (2) Since 1952, NSF has funded over 50,000 Graduate 
        Research Fellowships out of more than 500,000 applicants, 42 
        Fellows have gone on to become Nobel laureates, and more than 
        450 have become members of the National Academy of Sciences.
            (3) Foreign nations are increasingly investing in foreign 
        talent programs to compete with the United States.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
National Science Foundation should grow the number of new graduate 
research fellows supported annually over the next 10 years to no less 
than 3,000 fellows.
    (c) Program Update.--Section 10 of the National Science Foundation 
Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``and as will address 
        national workforce demand in critical STEM fields'' after 
        ``throughout the United States'';
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``of $12,000'' and 
        inserting ``$16,000''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Outreach.--The Director shall ensure program outreach to 
recruit fellowship applicants from fields of study that are in areas of 
critical national need, from all regions of the country, and from 
historically underrepresented populations in STEM.''.

SEC. 804. ROBERT NOYCE TEACHER SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program plays an 
        important role in supporting the development and dissemination 
        of evidence-based teacher preparation models and the 
        recruitment, preparation, and retention of STEM educators;
            (2) the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program improves 
        recruitment of underrepresented and STEM-trained students into 
        teaching, encourages teachers to work in high-need areas, and 
        can improve relationships between teacher preparation programs 
        and industry; and
            (3) the Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program which 
        currently supports between 1,000 to 1,500 new math and science 
        teachers a year, including in high-need districts should be 
        doubled over the next ten years to meet the growing demand for 
        STEM capable educators.

SEC. 805. INNOVATIONS IN INFORMAL STEM LEARNING.

    (a) Permissible Support.--Section 3(b) of the STEM Education Act of 
2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' at the end and 
        inserting a semicolon;
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) supporting the participation of students in nonprofit 
        competitions, out-of-school activities, and field experiences 
        related to STEM subjects (such as robotics, science research, 
        invention, mathematics, and technology competitions), which may 
        include--
                    ``(A) the purchase of parts and supplies needed to 
                participate in such competitions;
                    ``(B) incentives and stipends for teachers and 
                instructional leaders who are involved in assisting 
                students and preparing students for such competitions, 
                if such activities fall outside the regular duties and 
                responsibilities of such teachers and instructional 
                leaders; or
                    ``(C) incentivizes and stipends for professional 
                training for teachers and instructional leaders of 
                before-school, after-school, out-of-school or summer 
                STEM programs; and
            ``(6) broadening secondary school students' access to, and 
        interest in, careers that require academic preparation in STEM 
        subjects.''.
    (b) Supporting Pre-K-8 Informal Stem Opportunities.--Section 3 of 
the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 1862q) is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(c) Pre-K-8 Informal Stem Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall provide grants on a merit-reviewed, 
        competitive basis for research on programming that engages 
        students in grades pre-kindergarten through 8, including 
        underrepresented and rural students, in STEM in order to 
        prepare such students to pursue degrees or careers in STEM.
            ``(2) Use of funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Grants awarded under this 
                section shall be used toward research to advance the 
                engagement of students in grades pre-kindergarten 
                through 8 in STEM through providing before-school, 
                after-school, out-of-school, or summer activities that 
                are designed to encourage interest, engagement, and 
                skills development for students in STEM.
                    ``(B) Permitted activities.--The activities 
                described in subparagraph (A) may include--
                            ``(i) the provision of programming 
                        described in such subparagraph for the purpose 
                        of research described in such subparagraph;
                            ``(ii) the use of a variety of engagement 
                        methods, including cooperative and hands-on 
                        learning;
                            ``(iii) exposure of students to role models 
                        in the fields of STEM and near-peer mentors;
                            ``(iv) training of informal learning 
                        educators, youth-serving professionals, and 
                        volunteers who lead informal STEM programs in 
                        using evidence-based methods consistent with 
                        the target student population being served;
                            ``(v) education of students on the 
                        relevance and significance of STEM careers, 
                        provision of academic advice and assistance, 
                        and activities designed to help students make 
                        real-world connections to STEM content;
                            ``(vi) the attendance of students at 
                        events, competitions, and academic programs to 
                        provide content expertise and encourage career 
                        exposure in STEM;
                            ``(vii) activities designed to engage 
                        parents and families of students in grades pre-
                        kindergarten through 8 in STEM;
                            ``(viii) innovative strategies to engage 
                        students, such as using leadership skills and 
                        outcome measures to impart youth with the 
                        confidence to pursue STEM coursework and 
                        academic study;
                            ``(ix) coordination with STEM-rich 
                        environments, including other nonprofit, 
                        nongovernmental organizations, out-of-classroom 
                        settings, single-gender environments, 
                        institutions of higher education, vocational 
                        facilities, corporations, museums, or science 
                        centers; and
                            ``(x) the acquisition of instructional 
                        materials or technology-based tools to conduct 
                        applicable grant activity.
            ``(3) Application.--An applicant seeking funding under the 
        section shall submit an application at such time, in such 
        manner, and containing such information as may be required. 
        Applications that include or partner with a nonprofit, 
        nongovernmental organization that has extensive experience and 
        expertise in increasing the participation of students in pre-
        kindergarten through grade 8 in STEM are encouraged. The 
        application may include the following:
                    ``(A) A description of the target audience to be 
                served by the research activity or activities for which 
                such funding is sought.
                    ``(B) A description of the process for recruitment 
                and selection of students to participate in such 
                activities.
                    ``(C) A description of how such activity or 
                activities may inform programming that engages students 
                in grades pre-kindergarten through 8 in STEM.
                    ``(D) A description of how such activity or 
                activities may inform programming that promotes student 
                academic achievement in STEM.
                    ``(E) An evaluation plan that includes, at a 
                minimum, the use of outcome-oriented measures to 
                determine the impact and efficacy of programming being 
                researched.
            ``(4) Evaluations.--Each recipient of a grant under this 
        section shall provide, at the conclusion of every year during 
        which the grant funds are received, an evaluation in a form 
        prescribed by the Director.
            ``(5) Accountability and dissemination.--
                    ``(A) Evaluation required.--The Director shall 
                evaluate the activities established under this section. 
                Such evaluation shall--
                            ``(i) use a common set of benchmarks and 
                        tools to assess the results of research 
                        conducted under such grants; and
                            ``(ii) to the extent practicable, integrate 
                        the findings of the research resulting from the 
                        activity or activities funded through the grant 
                        with the current research on serving students 
                        with respect to the pursuit of degrees or 
                        careers in STEM, including underrepresented and 
                        rural students, in grades pre-kindergarten 
                        through 8.
                    ``(B) Report on evaluations.--Not later than 180 
                days after the completion of the evaluation under 
                subparagraph (A), the Director shall submit to Congress 
                and make widely available to the public a report that 
                includes--
                            ``(i) the results of the evaluation; and
                            ``(ii) any recommendations for 
                        administrative and legislative action that 
                        could optimize the effectiveness of the program 
                        under this section.
            ``(6) Coordination.--In carrying out this section, the 
        Director shall, for purposes of enhancing program effectiveness 
        and avoiding duplication of activities, consult, cooperate, and 
        coordinate with the programs and policies of other relevant 
        Federal agencies.''.

SEC. 806. AI TRAINEESHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS.

    (a) Artificial Intelligence Traineeships.--
            (1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall award grants to institutions of higher 
        education to establish traineeship programs for graduate 
        students who pursue artificial intelligence-related research 
        leading to a masters or doctorate degree by providing funding 
        and other assistance, and by providing graduate students 
        opportunities for research experiences in government or 
        industry related to the students' artificial intelligence 
        studies.
            (2) Use of funds.--An institution of higher education shall 
        use grant funds provided under paragraph (1) for the purposes 
        of--
                    (A) providing traineeships to students who are 
                pursuing research in artificial intelligence leading to 
                a masters or doctorate degree;
                    (B) paying tuition and fees for students receiving 
                traineeships who are citizens, nationals, or lawfully 
                admitted permanent resident aliens of the United 
                States;
                    (C) creating and requiring courses or training 
                programs in technology ethics for students receiving 
                traineeships;
                    (D) creating opportunities for research in 
                technology ethics for students receiving traineeships;
                    (E) establishing scientific internship programs for 
                students receiving traineeships in artificial 
                intelligence at for-profit institutions, nonprofit 
                research institutions, or government laboratories; and
                    (F) other costs associated with the administration 
                of the program.
    (b) Artificial Intelligence Fellowships.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall award fellowships to masters and 
doctoral students and postdoctoral researchers at institutions of 
higher education who are pursuing degrees or research in artificial 
intelligence and related fields, including in the field of technology 
ethics. In making such awards, the Director shall--
            (1) ensure recipients of artificial intelligence 
        fellowships are citizens, nationals, or lawfully admitted 
        permanent resident aliens of the United States; and
            (2) conduct outreach, including through formal 
        solicitations, to solicit proposals from students and 
        postdoctoral researchers seeking to carry out research in 
        aspects of technology ethics with relevance to artificial 
        intelligence systems.

SEC. 807. CYBERSECURITY WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT AT FEDERAL SCIENCE 
              AGENCIES.

    (a) Cybersecurity Workforce Development at the Department of 
Energy.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Energy shall support the 
        development of a cybersecurity workforce through a program 
        that--
                    (A) facilitates collaboration between under-
                graduate and graduate students, researchers at the 
                National Laboratories (as defined in section 2 of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005), and the private sector;
                    (B) prioritizes science and technology in areas 
                relevant to the mission of the Department of Energy 
                through the design and application of cybersecurity 
                technologies;
                    (C) develops, or facilitates private sector 
                development of, voluntary cybersecurity training and 
                retraining standards, lessons, and recommendations for 
                the energy sector that minimize duplication of 
                cybersecurity compliance training programs; and
                    (D) maintains a public database of cybersecurity 
                education, training, and certification programs.
            (2) Collaboration.--In carrying out the program authorized 
        in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Energy shall leverage 
        programs and activities carried out across the Department of 
        Energy, other relevant Federal agencies, institutions of higher 
        education, and other appropriate entities best suited to 
        provide national leadership on cybersecurity related issues.
    (b) Cybersecurity in Department of Transportation Programs.--
            (1) University transportation centers program.--Section 
        5505 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)(2)(C), by inserting ``in the 
                matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) of 
                section 6503(c)(1)'' after ``transportation leaders''; 
                and
                    (B) in subsection (c)(3)(E)--
                            (i) by inserting ``, including the 
                        cybersecurity implications of technologies 
                        relating to connected vehicles, connected 
                        infrastructure, and autonomous vehicles'' after 
                        ``autonomous vehicles''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
                        inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--A regional university transportation 
        center receiving a grant under this paragraph shall carry out 
        research focusing on 1 or more of the matters described in 
        subparagraphs (A) through (G) of section 6503(c)(1).
            ``(2) Focused objectives.--The Secretary''.
            (2) Transportation research and development 5-year 
        strategic plan.--Section 6503(c)(1) of title 49, United States 
        Code, is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (F), by inserting ``and'' after 
                the semicolon at the end; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) reducing transportation cybersecurity 
                risks;''.

SEC. 808. BROADENING PARTICIPATION.

    (a) Presidential Awards for Excellence in Mathematics and Science 
Teaching.--Section 117(a)(1) of the National Science Foundation 
Authorization Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 1881b(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (B)--
                    (A) by striking ``108'' and inserting ``110'';
                    (B) by striking clause (iv);
                    (C) in clause (v), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; and'';
                    (D) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), (iii), and 
                (v) as subclauses (I), (II), (III), and (IV), 
                respectively, and moving the margins of such subclauses 
                (as so redesignated) two ems to the right; and
                    (E) by striking ``In selecting teachers'' and all 
                that follows through ``two teachers--'' and inserting 
                the following:
                    ``(C) In selecting teachers for an award authorized 
                by this subsection, the President shall select--
                            ``(i) at least two teachers--;''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (C), as designated by paragraph (1)(E), 
        by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(ii) at least one teacher--
                                    ``(I) from the Commonwealth of the 
                                Northern Mariana Islands;
                                    ``(II) from American Samoa;
                                    ``(III) from the Virgin Islands of 
                                the United States; and
                                    ``(IV) from Guam.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
apply with respect to awards made on or after the date of the enactment 
of this Act.

              TITLE IX--TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND INNOVATION

SEC. 901. FEDERAL LABORATORY COMPUTER PROGRAMS UPDATE.

    (a) Utilization of Federal Technology Update.--Section 11 of the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(j)(1) Copyright Protection.--Pursuant to section 105(b)(1) of 
title 17, United States Code, and subject to the requirements therein, 
the director of any Government-operated Federal laboratory may seek 
copyright protection on behalf of the United States in a work described 
in that section.
    ``(2) Guidelines.--The Secretary is authorized to provide 
guidelines to implement paragraph (1) of this section and to provide 
guidance for the management of works in which copyright protection is 
obtained.''.
    (b) Government Works Copyright Update.--Section 105 of title 17, 
United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Copyright protection'' and inserting 
        ``(a) Copyright protection''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), copyright protection under 
this title is available for--
            ``(1) a computer program that is a work of the United 
        States Government and is created at a Federal laboratory, as 
        defined in section 4 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
        Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703), and which is a result 
        of research, development, or engineering at the Federal 
        laboratory, provided that the United States Government makes 
        application for copyright registration under section 409 
        pursuant to the authority granted under section 11(k) of such 
        Act within 6 months from employee disclosure of the work to the 
        Federal laboratory, and provided further that a certificate of 
        registration is issued pursuant to section 410 of this title or 
        following judicial review pursuant to chapter 7 of title 5; and
            ``(2) standard reference data prepared or made available by 
        the Department of Commerce, provided the copyright is secured 
        by the Secretary of Commerce in the manner set forth in section 
        6 of the Standard Reference Data Act (15 U.S.C. 290e).''.

SEC. 902. EXTEND CRADA INFORMATION PROTECTION PERIOD.

    Section 12(c)(7)(B) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a(c)(7)(B)) is amended by striking ``5'' and 
inserting ``12''.

SEC. 903. STEVENSON-WYDLER ACT AUTHORITY UPDATE.

    Section 11 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710(g)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(g) Functions of Secretary.--The Secretary shall convene an 
Interagency Working Group for Technology Transfer comprising those 
agencies with at least one Federal laboratory to--
            ``(1) share best practices for realizing the commercial 
        potential of inventions and methods and options for 
        commercialization which are available to the Federal 
        laboratories, including research and development limited 
        partnerships and cooperative research and development 
        agreements; and
            ``(2) issue such guidelines as may be necessary to carry 
        out this chapter, acting through the Director of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology and with the concurrence 
        of the Interagency Working Group for Technology Transfer.''.

SEC. 904. ROYALTY PAYMENTS TO FEDERAL EMPLOYEES UPDATE.

    Section 14 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710c) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``inventions'' each place the term appears 
        and inserting ``inventions or works'';
            (2) by striking ``invention'' each place the term appears 
        and inserting ``invention or work'';
            (3) by striking ``inventors'' each place the term appears 
        and inserting ``inventors or contributors'';
            (4) in subsection (a)(1) after ``shall be'' inserting 
        ``non-appropriated funds and shall be'';
            (5) in subsection (a)(1)(A)(i) inserting at the end ``, or 
        to the contributor or co-contributors if a certificate of 
        copyright registration is issued to the United States'';
            (6) in subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii) after ``inventor of'' 
        inserting ``or contributor to'';
            (7) in subsection (a)(3) by striking ``inventor'' each 
        place the term appears and inserting ``inventor or 
        contributor'';
            (8) in subsection (a)(3) by striking ``$150,000'' each 
        place the term appears and inserting ``500,000'';
            (9) at the end of subsection (a) by inserting the following 
        new paragraph:
    ``(5) Any royalties or other payments received by a Federal agency 
from the licensing and assignment of works under agreements entered 
into by Federal laboratories under section 12 of this Act, and from the 
licensing of works by Federal laboratories under any provision of law 
shall be retained by the agency licensing or assigning the work on 
behalf of the United States Government and shall be disposed of after 
payment of any copyright registration cots. The head of the agency is 
authorized to dispose of such royalties or other payments through 
transfer by the agency to its bureaus or laboratories, with the 
majority share of the royalties or other payments from any copyright 
going to the bureau or laboratory where or for which the copyrighted 
work was made.
            ``(A) The royalties or other payments so transferred to any 
        bureau or laboratory may be used or obligated by that bureau or 
        laboratory during the fiscal year in which they are received or 
        during the 2 succeeding fiscal years--
                    ``(i) to reward contributors of copyrighted 
                computer programs;
                    ``(ii) to further information exchange among 
                bureaus and laboratories of the agency or with another 
                agency;
                    ``(iii) for education and training of employees 
                consistent with the missions and objectives of the 
                agency, bureau, or laboratory;
                    ``(iv) for payment of expenses incidental to the 
                administration and licensing of intellectual property 
                by the agency or laboratory with respect to copyrighted 
                computer programs made at that bureau or laboratory, 
                including the fees or other costs for the services of 
                other agencies, persons, or organizations for 
                intellectual property management and licensing 
                services; or
                    ``(v) for scientific research and development 
                consistent with the research and development missions 
                and objectives of the bureau or laboratory.
            ``(B) All royalties or other payments retained by the 
        agency, bureau, or laboratory after payments have been made 
        pursuant to subparagraph (A) that is unobligated and unexpended 
        at the end of the second fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year 
        in which the royalties and other payments were received shall 
        be paid into the Treasury.
            ``(C) As used in the section, the term `contributor' means 
        a laboratory employee who is a creator of an original 
        expression in a copyrighted computer program.''; and
            (10) in subsection (a)(1)(B)--
                    (A) by striking ``; or'' at the end of clause (iv) 
                and inserting a semicolon;
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of clause (v) 
                and inserting ``; or''; and
                    (C) by inserting at the end the following:
                            ``(vi) for the acquisition, administration 
                        and licensing of intellectual property.''.

SEC. 905. GOVERNMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CLARIFICATION.

    Section 15 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710d) is amended in subsection (a) to read as follows:
    ``(a) In General.--
            ``(1) Invention rights.--The Government shall obtain the 
        entire right, title and interest in and to all inventions made 
        by any Federal employee--
                    ``(A) during working hours;
                    ``(B) with a contribution by the Government of 
                facilities, equipment, materials, funds, or 
                information, or of time or services of other Federal 
                employees on official duty; or
                    ``(C) within his or her field of research or within 
                his or her official employment responsibility and 
                activity.
            ``(2) Disclosure.--Any invention made by a Federal employee 
        as described in paragraph (1) shall be disclosed by the Federal 
        employee to the agency that employs the Federal employee within 
        10 months of the earlier of the date of conception or actual 
        reduction to practice of the invention. The Government shall 
        obtain the entire right, title, and interest in and to any 
        invention conceived or actually reduced to practice by a 
        Federal employee that is not disclosed to the Government within 
        10 months or shorter disclosure period required by agency 
        regulation, from the earlier of the date of conception or 
        actual reduction to practice of the invention.
            ``(3) Presumption.--Any invention made by a Federal 
        employee as described in paragraph (1) shall be presumed to be 
        owned by the Government, and the Federal employee shall assign 
        the entire right, title, and interest in and to the invention 
        to the Government. A Federal employee that disagrees with the 
        presumption of ownership and obligation of assignment may 
        request, from the agency employing the Federal employee, a 
        determination of rights in and to the invention and shall do so 
        within 30 days of the disclosure pursuant to paragraph (2), 
        which may be extended by the head of an agency for good cause 
        shown. The request shall provide all grounds and justification 
        for leaving rights with the Federal employee. If the request is 
        not made by the employee within the 30-day or extended period, 
        the Government shall retain all right, title, and interest to 
        the invention, and the Federal employee shall assign the entire 
        right, title, and interest in and to the invention to the 
        Government.
            ``(4) Patent rights.--If a Federal agency which has 
        ownership of or the right of ownership to an invention made by 
        a Federal employee does not intend to file for a patent 
        application or otherwise promote commercialization of such 
        invention, the agency shall (upon request) allow the inventor, 
        if the inventor is a Federal employee or former employee who 
        made the invention during the course of employment with the 
        Government, to obtain or retain title to the invention (subject 
        to reservation by the Government of a nonexclusive, 
        nontransferable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the 
        invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world 
        by or on behalf of the Government). In addition, the agency may 
        condition the inventor's right to title on the timely filing of 
        a patent application.
            ``(5) Computer program disclosure.--Any computer program 
        that is a work of the United States Government and is created 
        at a Federal laboratory within section 105(b)(1) of title 17, 
        United States Code, shall be disclosed by the Federal employee 
        who created such program to the Federal laboratory that employs 
        the Federal employee.
            ``(6) Author rights.--Any program described in paragraph 
        (5) prepared by a Federal employee within the scope of his or 
        her employment shall be considered a work made for hire and the 
        Government shall be the author. A Federal employee who 
        discloses as required under paragraph (5) but who contests that 
        the Government is the author may request, from the agency 
        employing the Federal employee, a determination of rights in 
        and to the program and shall do so within 30 days of the 
        disclosure pursuant to paragraph (5), which may be extended by 
        the head of an agency for good cause shown. The request shall 
        provide all grounds and justification for leaving rights with 
        the Federal employee. If the request is not made by the Federal 
        employee within the 30-day period, the Government shall remain 
        and shall be the author of such program.
            ``(7) Reporting exemption.--Such reporting requirements 
        shall not apply to Federal employees who are otherwise 
        prohibited from applying for or obtaining a patent. The 
        Secretary may issue guidelines to implement this section.''.

SEC. 906. CLARIFYING CRADA AUTHORITY.

    Section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a) is amended--
            (1) by inserting at the end of the section the following 
        new subsection:
    ``(h) Patent Obligation.--Under an agreement entered into pursuant 
to this section, there is an obligation on the part of the 
collaborating party, in the event a United States patent application is 
filed by or on behalf of the collaborating party or by any assignee of 
the collaborating party, to include within the specification of such 
application and any patent issuing thereon, a statement specifying that 
the invention was made with Government support and that the Government 
has certain rights in the invention.''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (d).

SEC. 907. EXPANSION OF AGREEMENTS FOR COMMERCIALIZING TECHNOLOGY 
              AUTHORITY.

    The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3701 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 14 the following:

``SEC. 14A. AGREEMENTS FOR COMMERCIALIZING TECHNOLOGY.

    ``(a) Agreements With Non-Federal Entities.--The head of each 
Federal agency may permit the director of any of its Government-owned, 
contractor-operated laboratories to perform work for non-Federal 
entities (sponsors) on a fully reimbursable basis and to execute 
agreements with a non-Federal entity, including a non-Federal entity 
already receiving Federal funding that will be used to support 
activities under the agreements, provided that such funding is solely 
used to carry out the purposes of the Federal award.
    ``(b) Restriction.--The requirements of chapter 18 of title 35, 
United States Code (commonly known as the `Bayh-Dole Act'), shall apply 
if--
            ``(1) the agreement is a funding agreement (as that term is 
        defined in section 201 of such title); and
            ``(2) at least one of the parties to the funding agreement 
        is eligible to receive rights under that chapter.
    ``(c) Submission to Agency.--Each affected director of a 
Government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory shall submit to the 
head of the Federal agency, with respect to each agreement entered into 
under this section--
            ``(1) a summary of information relating to the relevant 
        project;
            ``(2) the total estimated costs of the project;
            ``(3) estimated commencement and completion dates of the 
        project; and
            ``(4) other documentation determined to be appropriate by 
        the head of the Federal agency.
    ``(d) Certification.--The head of the Federal agency shall require 
the contractor of the affected Government-owned, contractor-operated 
laboratory to certify that each activity carried out under a project 
for which an agreement is entered into under this section--
            ``(1) is not in direct competition with the private sector; 
        and
            ``(2) does not present, or minimizes, any apparent conflict 
        of interest, and avoids or neutralizes any actual conflict of 
        interest, as a result of the agreement under this section.
    ``(e) Limitation.--This authority only pertains to Federal agencies 
that do not have agency-specific authorities for Agreements for 
Commercializing Technology elsewhere in statute.''.

SEC. 908. OTHER TRANSACTION AUTHORITY.

    The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3701 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 15 the following:

``SEC. 15A. OTHER TRANSACTIONS.

    ``(a) General Authority.--
            ``(1) Permission.--Each Federal agency may permit the 
        director of any of its Government-operated Federal laboratories 
        to enter into such other transactions as may be necessary in 
        the conduct of the work of the Federal laboratory and on such 
        terms as the director of the Federal laboratory considers 
        appropriate, in furtherance of the purposes of this Act.
            ``(2) Disclosure.--The Federal agency may protect from 
        disclosure, for up to 12 years after the date on which the 
        information is developed, any information developed pursuant to 
        a transaction under this section that would be protected from 
        disclosure under section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States 
        Code, if obtained from a person other than a Federal agency.
            ``(3) Authority limitation.--This authority only pertains 
        to Federal agencies that do not have agency-specific 
        authorities for other transactions elsewhere in statute.
    ``(b) Limitations.--A Federal laboratory using the authorities 
granted in subsection (a) may only enter into such other transactions 
when--
            ``(1) a warranted contracting officer determines that use 
        of other authority of the Federal agency would be insufficient 
        to achieve the purposes of this Act; and
            ``(2) use of such other transaction is approved by the 
        Federal agency.''.

SEC. 909. NONPROFIT FOUNDATIONS.

    The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3701 et seq.) is amended by adding after section 28 the following:

``SEC. 29. FOUNDATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--A Government-owned Federal laboratory may 
establish or enter into an agreement with a nonprofit organization to 
establish a Federal laboratory Foundation in support of its mission. 
Such a Foundation shall not be an agency or instrumentality of the 
United States Government, and the United States shall not be liable for 
any debts, defaults, acts, or omissions of the Foundation.
    ``(b) Purpose.--The purpose of a Foundation established under this 
section shall be to support the Government-owned Federal laboratory in 
its mission.
    ``(c) Activities.--Activities of the Foundation may include the 
following:
            ``(1) The receipt, administration, solicitation, acceptance 
        and use of funds, gifts, devises, or bequests, either 
        absolutely or in trust of real or personal property or any 
        income therefrom or other interest or equity therein for the 
        benefit of, or in connection with, the mission of the 
        Government-owned Federal laboratory. A gift, devise, or bequest 
        may be accepted by the Foundation even though it is encumbered, 
        restricted, or subject to beneficial interests of private 
        persons if any current or future interest therein is for the 
        benefit of the Federal laboratory in its research and 
        development activities. Contributions, gifts, and other 
        transfers made to or for the use of a Foundation established 
        under this section shall be regarded as contributions, gifts, 
        or transfers to or for the use of the United States.
            ``(2) The conduct of support studies, competitions, 
        projects, research and other activities that further the 
        purposes of the Foundation.
            ``(3) Programs for fostering collaboration and partnerships 
        with researches from the Federal and State governments, 
        institutions of higher education, federally funded research and 
        development centers, industry and nonprofit organizations for 
        the research, development or commercialization of federally 
        supported technologies.
            ``(4) Programs for leveraging technologies to support new 
        product development that supports regional economic 
        development.
            ``(5) Administering prize competitions to accelerate 
        private sector competition and investment.
            ``(6) Provision of fellowships and grants to research and 
        development personnel at, or affiliated with, federally funded 
        centers. Such fellowships and grants may include stipends, 
        travel, health insurance benefits and other appropriate 
        expenses. The recipients of fellowships shall be selected by 
        the donors and the Foundation upon the recommendation of the 
        employees in the Federal laboratory where the fellow would 
        serve, and shall be subject to agreement of the head of the 
        agency whose mission is supported by the Foundation.
            ``(7) Supplementary programs to provide for--
                    ``(A) scientists of other countries to serve in 
                research capacities in the United States in association 
                with the Federal laboratory whose mission the 
                Foundation supports, or elsewhere, or opportunities for 
                employees of the Federal laboratory whose mission the 
                Foundation supports to serve in such capacities in 
                other countries, or both;
                    ``(B) the conduct and support of studies, projects, 
                and research, that may include stipends, travel and 
                other support for personnel in collaboration with 
                national and international nonprofit and for-profit 
                organizations;
                    ``(C) the conduct and support of forums, meetings, 
                conferences, courses, and training workshops that may 
                include undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, and 
                post-doctoral accredited courses and the maintenance of 
                accreditation of such courses by the Foundation at the 
                State and national level for college or continuing 
                education credits or for degrees;
                    ``(D) programs to support and encourage teachers 
                and students of science at all levels of education and 
                programs for the general public which promote the 
                understanding of science;
                    ``(E) programs for writing, editing, printing, 
                publishing, and vending of books and other materials; 
                and
                    ``(F) the conduct of other activities to carry out 
                and support the purpose described in subsection (b).
    ``(d) Transfer of Funds.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, a Foundation established under this section may transfer funds to 
the Government-owned Federal laboratory and the Government-owned 
Federal laboratory may accept transfers of funds from the 
Foundation.''.

SEC. 910. IMPROVING REPORTING AND METRICS.

    Section 11 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 
1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710) is amended by striking subsections (f) and (g) 
and inserting the following:
    ``(f) Agency Reports on Utilization.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each Federal agency which operates or 
        directs one or more Federal laboratories or which conducts 
        activities under subsection (k) of this section or sections 207 
        and 209 of title 35, United States Code, shall report annually 
        to the Office of Management and Budget, on the activities 
        performed by that agency and its Federal laboratories under the 
        provisions of this section and of sections 207 and 209 of such 
        title 35.
            ``(2) Contents.--The report shall include--
                    ``(A) an explanation of the agency's technology 
                transfer activities for the preceding fiscal year and 
                the agency's plans to manage innovations with 
                commercial promise consistent with the agency's mission 
                and benefitting the competitiveness of United States 
                industry; and
                    ``(B) information on technology transfer activities 
                for the preceding fiscal year, including--
                            ``(i) the number of patent applications 
                        filed;
                            ``(ii) the number of patents received;
                            ``(iii) the number of works registered for 
                        copyright protection in the United States on 
                        behalf of the United States, pursuant to 
                        section 105(b) of title 17, United States Code;
                            ``(iv) the number of fully-executed 
                        licenses which received income from licensing 
                        in the preceding fiscal year;
                            ``(v) the total income from licensing;
                            ``(vi) the number of licenses terminated 
                        for cause;
                            ``(vii) the number of collaborative 
                        research and development relationships; and
                            ``(viii) any other parameters or discussion 
                        that the agency deems relevant or unique to its 
                        practice of technology transfer.
            ``(3) Copy to secretary.--The agency shall transmit a copy 
        of the report to the Secretary of Commerce for inclusion in the 
        annual summary required by subsection (g)(2).
            ``(4) Public availability.--Each Federal agency reporting 
        under this subsection shall make available to the public 
        through internet sites, updated at least annually--
                    ``(A) the information contained in such report;
                    ``(B) information on intellectual property which is 
                available for licensing from the Federal agency; and
                    ``(C) information on Federal research and 
                development programs, facilities, equipment and tools, 
                expertise, services, and other relevant assets which 
                are made available to the public by the Federal agency.
            ``(5) Publication by nist.--The Director of the National 
        Institute of Standards and Technology is authorized to provide 
        the summary required by subsection (g)(2) to the public through 
        internet sites.''.

SEC. 911. INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.

    Section 9(jj) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638(jj)) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(jj) Innovative Approaches to Technology Transfer.--
            ``(1) Grant program.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each Federal agency required by 
                subsection (n) to establish an STTR program shall carry 
                out a grant program to support innovative approaches to 
                technology transfer at institutions of higher education 
                (as defined in section 101(a) of the Higher Education 
                Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001(a))), nonprofit research 
                institutions and Federal laboratories in order to 
                accelerate the commercialization of federally funded 
                research and technology by small business concerns, 
                including new businesses.
                    ``(B) Awarding of grants and awards.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Each Federal agency 
                        required by subparagraph (A) to participate in 
                        this program, shall award, through a 
                        competitive, merit-based process, grants, in 
                        the amounts listed in subparagraph (C) to 
                        institutions of higher education, technology 
                        transfer organizations that facilitate the 
                        commercialization of technologies developed by 
                        one or more such institutions of higher 
                        education, Federal laboratories, other public 
                        and private nonprofit entities, and consortia 
                        thereof, for initiatives that help identify 
                        high-quality, commercially viable federally 
                        funded research and technologies and to 
                        facilitate and accelerate their transfer into 
                        the marketplace.
                            ``(ii) Use of funds.--Activities supported 
                        by grants under this subsection may include--
                                    ``(I) providing early-stage proof 
                                of concept funding for translational 
                                research;
                                    ``(II) identifying research and 
                                technologies at recipient institutions 
                                that have the potential for accelerated 
                                commercialization;
                                    ``(III) technology maturation 
                                funding to support activities such as 
                                prototype construction, experiment 
                                analysis, product comparison, and 
                                collecting performance data;
                                    ``(IV) technical validations, 
                                market research, clarifying 
                                intellectual property rights position 
                                and strategy, and investigating 
                                commercial and business opportunities; 
                                and
                                    ``(V) programs to provide advice, 
                                mentoring, entrepreneurial education, 
                                project management, and technology and 
                                business development expertise to 
                                innovators and recipients of technology 
                                transfer licenses to maximize 
                                commercialization potential.
                            ``(iii) Selection process and 
                        applications.--Qualifying institutions seeking 
                        a grant under this subsection shall submit an 
                        application to a Federal agency required by 
                        subparagraph (A) to participate in this program 
                        at such time, in such manner, and containing 
                        such information as the agency may require. The 
                        application shall include, at a minimum--
                                    ``(I) a description of innovative 
                                approaches to technology transfer, 
                                technology development, and commercial 
                                readiness that have the potential to 
                                increase or accelerate technology 
                                transfer outcomes and can be adopted by 
                                other qualifying institutions, or a 
                                demonstration of proven technology 
                                transfer and commercialization 
                                strategies, or a plan to implement 
                                proven technology transfer and 
                                commercialization strategies, that can 
                                achieve greater commercialization of 
                                federally funded research and 
                                technologies with program funding;
                                    ``(II) a description of how the 
                                qualifying institution will contribute 
                                to local and regional economic 
                                development efforts; and
                                    ``(III) a plan for sustainability 
                                beyond the duration of the funding 
                                award.
                            ``(iv) Program oversight boards.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Successful 
                                proposals shall include a plan to 
                                assemble a Program Oversight Board, the 
                                members of which shall have technical, 
                                scientific, or business expertise and 
                                shall be drawn from industry, start-up 
                                companies, venture capital, technical 
                                enterprises, financial institutions, 
                                and business development organizations.
                                    ``(II) Program oversight boards 
                                responsibilities.--Program Oversight 
                                Boards shall--
                                            ``(aa) establish award 
                                        programs for individual 
                                        projects;
                                            ``(bb) provide rigorous 
                                        evaluation of project 
                                        applications;
                                            ``(cc) determine which 
                                        projects should receive awards, 
                                        in accordance with guidelines 
                                        established under subparagraph 
                                        (C)(ii);
                                            ``(dd) establish milestones 
                                        and associated award amounts 
                                        for projects that reach 
                                        milestones;
                                            ``(ee) determine whether 
                                        awarded projects are reaching 
                                        milestones; and
                                            ``(ff) develop a process to 
                                        reallocate outstanding award 
                                        amounts from projects that are 
                                        not reaching milestones to 
                                        other projects with more 
                                        potential.
                    ``(C) Grant and award amounts.--
                            ``(i) Grant amounts.--Each Federal agency 
                        required by subparagraph (A) to carry out a 
                        grant program may make grants to a qualifying 
                        institution for up to $1,000,000 per year for 
                        up to 3 years.
                            ``(ii) Award amounts.--Each qualifying 
                        institution that receives a grant under 
                        subparagraph (B) shall provide awards for 
                        individual projects of not more than $150,000, 
                        to be provided in phased amounts, based on 
                        reaching the milestones established by the 
                        qualifying institution's Program Oversight 
                        Board.
                    ``(D) Authorized expenditures for innovative 
                approaches to technology transfer grant program.--
                            ``(i) Percentage.--The percentage of the 
                        extramural budget each Federal agency required 
                        by subsection (n) to establish an STTR program 
                        shall expend on the Innovative Approaches to 
                        Technology Transfer Grant Program shall be--
                                    ``(I) 0.05 percent for each of 
                                fiscal years 2012 and 2013; and
                                    ``(II) 0.1 percent for each of 
                                fiscal years 2014 and 2015.
                            ``(ii) Treatment of expenditures.--Any 
                        portion of the extramural budget expended by a 
                        Federal agency on the Innovative Approaches to 
                        Technology Transfer Grant Program shall apply 
                        towards the agency's expenditure requirements 
                        under subsection (n).
            ``(2) Program evaluation and data collection and 
        dissemination.--
                    ``(A) Evaluation plan and data collection.--Each 
                Federal agency required by paragraph (1)(A) to 
                establish an Innovative Approaches to Technology 
                Transfer Grant Program shall develop a program 
                evaluation plan and collect annually such information 
                from grantees as is necessary to assess the Program. 
                Program evaluation plans shall require the collection 
                of data aimed at identifying outcomes resulting from 
                the transfer of technology with assistance from the 
                Innovative Approaches to Technology Transfer Grant 
                Program, such as--
                            ``(i) specific follow-on funding identified 
                        or obtained, including follow-on funding 
                        sources, such as Federal sources or private 
                        sources;
                            ``(ii) number of projects which result in a 
                        license to a start-up company or an established 
                        company with sufficient resources for effective 
                        commercialization within 5 years of receiving 
                        an award under paragraph (1);
                            ``(iii) invention disclosures and patents;
                            ``(iv) number of projects supported by 
                        qualifying institutions receiving a grant under 
                        paragraph (1) that secure Phase I or Phase II 
                        SBIR or STTR awards;
                            ``(v) available information on revenue, 
                        sales or other measures of products that have 
                        been commercialized as a result of projects 
                        awarded under paragraph (1);
                            ``(vi) number and location of jobs created 
                        resulting from projects awarded under paragraph 
                        (1); and
                            ``(vii) other data as deemed appropriate by 
                        a Federal agency required by this subparagraph 
                        to develop a program evaluation plan.
                    ``(B) Evaluative report to congress.--The head of 
                each Federal agency that participates in the Innovative 
                Approaches to Technology Transfer Grant Program shall 
                submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and 
                Technology and the Committee on Small Business of the 
                House of Representatives and the Committee on Small 
                Business and Entrepreneurship of the Senate an 
                evaluative report regarding the activities of the 
                program. The report shall include--
                            ``(i) a detailed description of the 
                        implementation of the program;
                            ``(ii) a detailed description of the 
                        grantee selection process;
                            ``(iii) an accounting of the funds used in 
                        the program; and
                            ``(iv) a summary of the data collected 
                        under subparagraph (A).
                    ``(C) Data dissemination.--For the purposes of 
                program transparency and dissemination of best 
                practices, the Administrator shall include on the 
                public database under subsection (k)(1) information on 
                the Innovative Approaches to Technology Transfer Grant 
                Program, including--
                            ``(i) the program evaluation plan required 
                        under subparagraph (A);
                            ``(ii) a list of recipients of awards under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            ``(iii) information on the use of grants 
                        under paragraph (1) by recipient 
                        institutions.''.

SEC. 912. DOE PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR COMMERCIALIZATION.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary 
of Energy shall delegate to directors of the National Laboratories 
signature authority with respect to any agreement described in 
subsection (b) the total cost of which (including the National 
Laboratory contributions and project recipient cost share) is less than 
$1,000,000, if such an agreement falls within the scope of--
            (1) a strategic plan for the National Laboratory that has 
        been approved by the Department of Energy; or
            (2) the most recent congressionally approved budget for 
        Department of Energy activities to be carried out by the 
        National Laboratory.
    (b) Agreements.--Subsection (a) applies to--
            (1) a cooperative research and development agreement;
            (2) a non-Federal work-for-others agreement; and
            (3) any other agreement determined to be appropriate by the 
        Secretary of Energy, in collaboration with the directors of the 
        National Laboratories.
    (c) Administration.--
            (1) Accountability.--The director of the affected National 
        Laboratory and the affected contractor shall carry out an 
        agreement under this section in accordance with applicable 
        policies of the Department of Energy, including by ensuring 
        that the agreement does not compromise any national security, 
        economic, or environmental interest of the United States.
            (2) Certification.--The director of the affected National 
        Laboratory and the affected contractor shall certify that each 
        activity carried out under a project for which an agreement is 
        entered into under this section does not present, or minimizes, 
        any apparent conflict of interest, and avoids or neutralizes 
        any actual conflict of interest, as a result of the agreement 
        under this section.
            (3) Availability of records.--Within 30 days of entering an 
        agreement under this section, the director of a National 
        Laboratory shall submit to the Secretary of Energy for 
        monitoring and review all records of the National Laboratory 
        relating to the agreement.
            (4) Rates.--The director of a National Laboratory may 
        charge higher rates for services performed under a partnership 
        agreement entered into pursuant to this section, regardless of 
        the full cost of recovery, if such funds are used exclusively 
        to support further research and development activities at the 
        respective National Laboratory.
    (d) Exception.--This section does not apply to any agreement with a 
majority foreign-owned company.
    (e) Conforming Amendment.--Section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler 
Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as 
                subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively;
                    (B) by striking ``Each Federal agency'' and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        each Federal agency''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Exception.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), in 
        accordance with section 813(a) of the Securing American 
        Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2021, approval by 
        the Secretary of Energy shall not be required for any 
        technology transfer agreement proposed to be entered into by a 
        National Laboratory of the Department of Energy, the total cost 
        of which (including the National Laboratory contributions and 
        project recipient cost share) is less than $1,000,000.''; and
            (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``subsection (a)(1)'' 
        each place it appears and inserting ``subsection (a)(1)(A)''.
    (f) Savings Clause.--Nothing in this section or an amendment made 
by this section abrogates or otherwise affects the primary 
responsibilities of any National Laboratory to the Department of 
Energy.

SEC. 913. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FOUNDATION.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Board.--The term ``Board'' means the Board of Directors 
        for the Foundation described in section 3(c).
            (2) Chair.--The term ``Chair'' means the Chair of the Board 
        described in section 3(c)(2).
            (3) Executive director.--The term ``Executive Director'' 
        means the Executive Director of the Board described in section 
        3(f)(2).
            (4) Foundation.--The term ``Foundation'' means the Energy 
        Foundation established under section 3(a).
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.
    (b) Establishment of Energy Foundation.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than December 31, 2021, the 
        Secretary shall establish a nonprofit corporation to be known 
        as the Energy Foundation referred to in this section as ``the 
        Foundation''.
            (2) Limitation.--The Foundation shall not be an agency or 
        instrumentality of the Federal Government.
            (3) Nonapplicability of faca.--The Federal Advisory 
        Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the 
        Foundation.
            (4) Nonprofit status.--The Foundation shall be an 
        organization described in section 501(c) of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 
        501(a) of that Code.
            (5) Board of directors.--
                    (A) In general.--The Foundation shall operate under 
                a board of directors.
                    (B) Initial appointment.--The initial appointment 
                of the board of directors shall be facilitated by the 
                Secretary.
                    (C) Composition.--To the maximum extent 
                practicable, the board of directors shall include 
                representatives from a diverse range of communities, 
                including--
                            (i) the academic community;
                            (ii) the business community;
                            (iii) nonprofit organizations;
                            (iv) the communities surrounding the 
                        laboratories and facilities of the Department; 
                        and
                            (v) the technology transfer and 
                        commercialization community.
                    (D) Restriction on membership.--No employee of the 
                Department shall be appointed as a member of the board 
                of directors.
            (6) Purpose and activities of foundation.--The purpose of 
        the Foundation is to channel private sector investments that 
        support efforts to create, develop, and commercialize 
        innovative technologies that address diverse energy challenges, 
        by methods that may include--
                    (A) fostering collaboration and partnerships 
                between the Federal Government, State governments, 
                institutions of higher education, federally funded 
                research and development centers, industry, and 
                nonprofit organizations for the research, development, 
                or commercialization of next-generation energy 
                technologies;
                    (B) leveraging technologies to support new product 
                development that supports regional innovation and 
                economic development; and
                    (C) administering prize competitions to accelerate 
                private sector competition and investment.
            (7) Activities.--
                    (A) In general.--The Foundation may solicit and 
                accept gifts, grants, and other donations, establish 
                accounts, and invest and expend funds in support of the 
                programs and activities described in subparagraphs (B) 
                through (D).
                    (B) Studies, competitions, and projects.--The 
                Foundation may conduct and support studies, 
                competitions, projects, research, development, 
                commercialization, and other activities that further 
                the purpose of the Foundation described in paragraph 
                (1).
                    (C) Fellowships and grants.--The Foundation may 
                award fellowships and grants to recipients selected 
                under clause (iii) for activities relating to research, 
                development, prototyping, maturing, or commercializing 
                of energy technologies.
                            (i) Uses of fellowships and grants.--A 
                        fellowship or grant under clause (i) may 
                        include stipends, travel, health insurance 
                        benefits, and other appropriate expenses.
                            (ii) Selection.--
                                    (I) In general.--The Foundation 
                                shall award a fellowship or grant under 
                                clause (i) based on the technical and 
                                commercialization merits of the 
                                proposed project.
                                    (II) Input.--In selecting 
                                recipients of a fellowship or grant 
                                under clause (i), the Foundation may 
                                consult with potential recipients 
                                regarding the ability to carry out 
                                various projects that would further the 
                                purpose of the Foundation described in 
                                paragraph (1).
                            (iii) Federal laboratories.--
                                    (I) In general.--Federal 
                                Laboratories, including laboratories of 
                                the Department of Energy, may apply for 
                                and accept grants under clause (i).
                                    (II) Effect.--A Federal laboratory 
                                that applies for or accepts a grant 
                                under subclause (I) shall not be 
                                considered to be engaging in a 
                                competitive procedure.
                    (D) Supplementary programs.--The Foundation may 
                carry out supplementary programs--
                            (i) to conduct and support forums, 
                        meetings, conferences, courses, and training 
                        workshops consistent with the purpose of the 
                        Foundation described in paragraph (1);
                            (ii) to support and encourage the 
                        understanding and development of--
                                    (I) data reporting models that 
                                promote the translation of technologies 
                                from the research stage, through 
                                development and maturation, and to the 
                                market; and
                                    (II) policies that make regulation 
                                more effective and efficient by 
                                leveraging the technology translation 
                                data described in subclause (I) for the 
                                regulation of relevant technology 
                                sectors;
                            (iii) for writing, editing, printing, 
                        publishing, and vending books and other 
                        materials relating to research carried out 
                        under the Foundation; and
                            (iv) to conduct other activities to carry 
                        out and support the purpose described in 
                        paragraph (1).
                    (E) Authority of foundation.--The Foundation shall 
                be the sole entity responsible for carrying out the 
                activities described in this paragraph.
                    (F) Administrative control.--No participant in a 
                program under this paragraph or employee of the 
                Foundation shall exercise any administrative control 
                over any Federal employee.
                    (G) Support services.--The Secretary may provide 
                facilities, utilities, and support services to the 
                Foundation if it is determined by the Secretary to be 
                advantageous to the research programs of the 
                Department.
                                 <all>