GEB-1.3B: Open Lightweight Large Language Model
Authors: name: Jie Wu, name: Yufeng Zhu, name: Lei Shen, name: Xuqing Lu

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Claude, and
Llama have demonstrated impressive abilities, and even surpass human-level
performance in several tasks. Despite their success, the resource-intensive
demands of these models, requiring significant computational power for both
training and inference, limit their deployment to high-performance servers.
Additionally, the extensive calculation requirements of the models often lead
to increased latency in response times. With the increasing need for LLMs to
operate efficiently on CPUs, research about lightweight models that are
optimized for CPU inference has emerged. In this work, we introduce GEB-1.3B, a
lightweight LLM trained on 550 billion tokens in both Chinese and English
languages. We employ novel training techniques, including ROPE,
Group-Query-Attention, and FlashAttention-2, to accelerate training while
maintaining model performance. Additionally, we fine-tune the model using 10
million samples of instruction data to enhance alignment. GEB-1.3B exhibits
outstanding performance on general benchmarks such as MMLU, C-Eval, and CMMLU,
outperforming comparative models such as MindLLM-1.3B and TinyLLaMA-1.1B.
Notably, the FP32 version of GEB-1.3B achieves commendable inference times on
CPUs, with ongoing efforts to further enhance speed through advanced
quantization techniques. The release of GEB-1.3B as an open-source model marks
a significant contribution to the development of lightweight LLMs, promising to
foster further research and innovation in the field.