A Long Way to Go: Investigating Length Correlations in RLHF
Authors: name: Prasann Singhal, name: Tanya Goyal, name: Jiacheng Xu, name: Greg Durrett

Great successes have been reported using Reinforcement Learning from Human
Feedback (RLHF) to align large language models. Open-source preference datasets
and reward models have enabled wider experimentation beyond generic chat
settings, particularly to make systems more "helpful" for tasks like web
question answering, summarization, and multi-turn dialogue. When optimizing for
helpfulness, RLHF has been consistently observed to drive models to produce
longer outputs. This paper demonstrates that optimizing for response length is
a significant factor behind RLHF's reported improvements in these settings.
First, we study the relationship between reward and length for reward models
trained on three open-source preference datasets for helpfulness. Here, length
correlates strongly with reward, and improvements in reward score are driven in
large part by shifting the distribution over output lengths. We then explore
interventions during both RL and reward model learning to see if we can achieve
the same downstream improvements as RLHF without increasing length. While our
interventions mitigate length increases, they aren't uniformly effective across
settings. Furthermore, we find that even running RLHF with a reward based
solely on length can reproduce most of the downstream improvements over the
initial policy model, showing that reward models in these settings have a long
way to go.