A Touch, Vision, and Language Dataset for Multimodal Alignment
Authors: name: Letian Fu, name: Gaurav Datta, name: Huang Huang, name: William Chung-Ho Panitch, name: Jaimyn Drake, name: Joseph Ortiz, name: Mustafa Mukadam, name: Mike Lambeta, name: Roberto Calandra, name: Ken Goldberg

Touch is an important sensing modality for humans, but it has not yet been
incorporated into a multimodal generative language model. This is partially due
to the difficulty of obtaining natural language labels for tactile data and the
complexity of aligning tactile readings with both visual observations and
language descriptions. As a step towards bridging that gap, this work
introduces a new dataset of 44K in-the-wild vision-touch pairs, with English
language labels annotated by humans (10%) and textual pseudo-labels from GPT-4V
(90%). We use this dataset to train a vision-language-aligned tactile encoder
for open-vocabulary classification and a touch-vision-language (TVL) model for
text generation using the trained encoder. Results suggest that by
incorporating touch, the TVL model improves (+29% classification accuracy)
touch-vision-language alignment over existing models trained on any pair of
those modalities. Although only a small fraction of the dataset is
human-labeled, the TVL model demonstrates improved visual-tactile understanding
over GPT-4V (+12%) and open-source vision-language models (+32%) on a new
touch-vision understanding benchmark. Code and data:
https://tactile-vlm.github.io.