GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models
Authors: name: GLM-4. 5 Team, name: Aohan Zeng, name: Xin Lv, name: Qinkai Zheng, name: Zhenyu Hou, name: Bin Chen, name: Chengxing Xie, name: Cunxiang Wang, name: Da Yin, name: Hao Zeng, name: Jiajie Zhang, name: Kedong Wang, name: Lucen Zhong, name: Mingdao Liu, name: Rui Lu, name: Shulin Cao, name: Xiaohan Zhang, name: Xuancheng Huang, name: Yao Wei, name: Yean Cheng, name: Yifan An, name: Yilin Niu, name: Yuanhao Wen, name: Yushi Bai, name: Zhengxiao Du, name: Zihan Wang, name: Zilin Zhu, name: Bohan Zhang, name: Bosi Wen, name: Bowen Wu, name: Bowen Xu, name: Can Huang, name: Casey Zhao, name: Changpeng Cai, name: Chao Yu, name: Chen Li, name: Chendi Ge, name: Chenghua Huang, name: Chenhui Zhang, name: Chenxi Xu, name: Chenzheng Zhu, name: Chuang Li, name: Congfeng Yin, name: Daoyan Lin, name: Dayong Yang, name: Dazhi Jiang, name: Ding Ai, name: Erle Zhu, name: Fei Wang, name: Gengzheng Pan, name: Guo Wang, name: Hailong Sun, name: Haitao Li, name: Haiyang Li, name: Haiyi Hu, name: Hanyu Zhang, name: Hao Peng, name: Hao Tai, name: Haoke Zhang, name: Haoran Wang, name: Haoyu Yang, name: He Liu, name: He Zhao, name: Hongwei Liu, name: Hongxi Yan, name: Huan Liu, name: Huilong Chen, name: Ji Li, name: Jiajing Zhao, name: Jiamin Ren, name: Jian Jiao, name: Jiani Zhao, name: Jianyang Yan, name: Jiaqi Wang, name: Jiayi Gui, name: Jiayue Zhao, name: Jie Liu, name: Jijie Li, name: Jing Li, name: Jing Lu, name: Jingsen Wang, name: Jingwei Yuan, name: Jingxuan Li, name: Jingzhao Du, name: Jinhua Du, name: Jinxin Liu, name: Junkai Zhi, name: Junli Gao, name: Ke Wang, name: Lekang Yang, name: Liang Xu, name: Lin Fan, name: Lindong Wu, name: Lintao Ding, name: Lu Wang, name: Man Zhang, name: Minghao Li, name: Minghuan Xu, name: Mingming Zhao, name: Mingshu Zhai, name: Pengfan Du, name: Qian Dong, name: Shangde Lei, name: Shangqing Tu, name: Shangtong Yang, name: Shaoyou Lu, name: Shijie Li, name: Shuang Li, name: Shuang-Li, name: Shuxun Yang, name: Sibo Yi, name: Tianshu Yu, name: Wei Tian, name: Weihan Wang, name: Wenbo Yu, name: Weng Lam Tam, name: Wenjie Liang, name: Wentao Liu, name: Xiao Wang, name: Xiaohan Jia, name: Xiaotao Gu, name: Xiaoying Ling, name: Xin Wang, name: Xing Fan, name: Xingru Pan, name: Xinyuan Zhang, name: Xinze Zhang, name: Xiuqing Fu, name: Xunkai Zhang, name: Yabo Xu, name: Yandong Wu, name: Yida Lu, name: Yidong Wang, name: Yilin Zhou, name: Yiming Pan, name: Ying Zhang, name: Yingli Wang, name: Yingru Li, name: Yinpei Su, name: Yipeng Geng, name: Yitong Zhu, name: Yongkun Yang, name: Yuhang Li, name: Yuhao Wu, name: Yujiang Li, name: Yunan Liu, name: Yunqing Wang, name: Yuntao Li, name: Yuxuan Zhang, name: Zezhen Liu, name: Zhen Yang, name: Zhengda Zhou, name: Zhongpei Qiao, name: Zhuoer Feng, name: Zhuorui Liu, name: Zichen Zhang, name: Zihan Wang, name: Zijun Yao, name: Zikang Wang, name: Ziqiang Liu, name: Ziwei Chai, name: Zixuan Li, name: Zuodong Zhao, name: Wenguang Chen, name: Jidong Zhai, name: Bin Xu, name: Minlie Huang, name: Hongning Wang, name: Juanzi Li, name: Yuxiao Dong, name: Jie Tang

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language
model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a
hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes.
Through multi-stage training on 23T tokens and comprehensive post-training with
expert model iteration and reinforcement learning, GLM-4.5 achieves strong
performance across agentic, reasoning, and coding (ARC) tasks, scoring 70.1% on
TAU-Bench, 91.0% on AIME 24, and 64.2% on SWE-bench Verified. With much fewer
parameters than several competitors, GLM-4.5 ranks 3rd overall among all
evaluated models and 2nd on agentic benchmarks. We release both GLM-4.5 (355B
parameters) and a compact version, GLM-4.5-Air (106B parameters), to advance
research in reasoning and agentic AI systems. Code, models, and more
information are available at https://github.com/zai-org/GLM-4.5.