ShowUI: One Vision-Language-Action Model for GUI Visual Agent
Authors: name: Kevin Qinghong Lin, name: Linjie Li, name: Difei Gao, name: Zhengyuan Yang, name: Shiwei Wu, name: Zechen Bai, name: Weixian Lei, name: Lijuan Wang, name: Mike Zheng Shou

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) assistants holds significant promise
for enhancing human workflow productivity. While most agents are
language-based, relying on closed-source API with text-rich meta-information
(e.g., HTML or accessibility tree), they show limitations in perceiving UI
visuals as humans do, highlighting the need for GUI visual agents. In this
work, we develop a vision-language-action model in digital world, namely
ShowUI, which features the following innovations: (i) UI-Guided Visual Token
Selection to reduce computational costs by formulating screenshots as an UI
connected graph, adaptively identifying their redundant relationship and serve
as the criteria for token selection during self-attention blocks; (ii)
Interleaved Vision-Language-Action Streaming that flexibly unifies diverse
needs within GUI tasks, enabling effective management of visual-action history
in navigation or pairing multi-turn query-action sequences per screenshot to
enhance training efficiency; (iii) Small-scale High-quality GUI
Instruction-following Datasets by careful data curation and employing a
resampling strategy to address significant data type imbalances. With above
components, ShowUI, a lightweight 2B model using 256K data, achieves a strong
75.1% accuracy in zero-shot screenshot grounding. Its UI-guided token selection
further reduces 33% of redundant visual tokens during training and speeds up
the performance by 1.4x. Navigation experiments across web Mind2Web, mobile
AITW, and online MiniWob environments further underscore the effectiveness and
potential of our model in advancing GUI visual agents. The models are available
at https://github.com/showlab/ShowUI.