Evaluating the Ripple Effects of Knowledge Editing in Language Models
Authors: name: Roi Cohen, name: Eden Biran, name: Ori Yoran, name: Amir Globerson, name: Mor Geva

Modern language models capture a large body of factual knowledge. However,
some facts can be incorrectly induced or become obsolete over time, resulting
in factually incorrect generations. This has led to the development of various
editing methods that allow updating facts encoded by the model. Evaluation of
these methods has primarily focused on testing whether an individual fact has
been successfully injected, and if similar predictions for other subjects have
not changed. Here we argue that such evaluation is limited, since injecting one
fact (e.g. ``Jack Depp is the son of Johnny Depp'') introduces a ``ripple
effect'' in the form of additional facts that the model needs to update
(e.g.``Jack Depp is the sibling of Lily-Rose Depp''). To address this issue, we
propose a novel set of evaluation criteria that consider the implications of an
edit on related facts. Using these criteria, we then construct , a
diagnostic benchmark of 5K factual edits, capturing a variety of types of
ripple effects. We evaluate prominent editing methods on , showing
that current methods fail to introduce consistent changes in the model's
knowledge. In addition, we find that a simple in-context editing baseline
obtains the best scores on our benchmark, suggesting a promising research
direction for model editing.