ITACLIP: Boosting Training-Free Semantic Segmentation with Image, Text,
  and Architectural Enhancements
Authors: name: M. Arda Aydın, name: Efe Mert Çırpar, name: Elvin Abdinli, name: Gozde Unal, name: Yusuf H. Sahin

Recent advances in foundational Vision Language Models (VLMs) have reshaped
the evaluation paradigm in computer vision tasks. These foundational models,
especially CLIP, have accelerated research in open-vocabulary computer vision
tasks, including Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS). Although the
initial results are promising, the dense prediction capabilities of VLMs still
require further improvement. In this study, we enhance the semantic
segmentation performance of CLIP by introducing new modules and modifications:
1) architectural changes in the last layer of ViT and the incorporation of
attention maps from the middle layers with the last layer, 2) Image
Engineering: applying data augmentations to enrich input image representations,
and 3) using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate definitions and synonyms
for each class name to leverage CLIP's open-vocabulary capabilities. Our
training-free method, ITACLIP, outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches
on segmentation benchmarks such as COCO-Stuff, COCO-Object, Pascal Context, and
Pascal VOC. Our code is available at https://github.com/m-arda-aydn/ITACLIP.