A Comprehensive Survey of Mamba Architectures for Medical Image
  Analysis: Classification, Segmentation, Restoration and Beyond
Authors: name: Shubhi Bansal, name: Sreeharish A, name: Madhava Prasath J, name: Manikandan S, name: Sreekanth Madisetty, name: Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman, name: Chandravardhan Singh Raghaw, name: Gaurav Duggal, name: Nagendra Kumar

Mamba, a special case of the State Space Model, is gaining popularity as an
alternative to template-based deep learning approaches in medical image
analysis. While transformers are powerful architectures, they have drawbacks,
including quadratic computational complexity and an inability to address
long-range dependencies efficiently. This limitation affects the analysis of
large and complex datasets in medical imaging, where there are many spatial and
temporal relationships. In contrast, Mamba offers benefits that make it
well-suited for medical image analysis. It has linear time complexity, which is
a significant improvement over transformers. Mamba processes longer sequences
without attention mechanisms, enabling faster inference and requiring less
memory. Mamba also demonstrates strong performance in merging multimodal data,
improving diagnosis accuracy and patient outcomes. The organization of this
paper allows readers to appreciate the capabilities of Mamba in medical imaging
step by step. We begin by defining core concepts of SSMs and models, including
S4, S5, and S6, followed by an exploration of Mamba architectures such as pure
Mamba, U-Net variants, and hybrid models with convolutional neural networks,
transformers, and Graph Neural Networks. We also cover Mamba optimizations,
techniques and adaptations, scanning, datasets, applications, experimental
results, and conclude with its challenges and future directions in medical
imaging. This review aims to demonstrate the transformative potential of Mamba
in overcoming existing barriers within medical imaging while paving the way for
innovative advancements in the field. A comprehensive list of Mamba
architectures applied in the medical field, reviewed in this work, is available
at Github.