The Jumping Reasoning Curve? Tracking the Evolution of Reasoning
  Performance in GPT-[n] and o-[n] Models on Multimodal Puzzles
Authors: name: Vernon Y. H. Toh, name: Yew Ken Chia, name: Deepanway Ghosal, name: Soujanya Poria

The releases of OpenAI's o1 and o3 mark a significant paradigm shift in Large
Language Models towards advanced reasoning capabilities. Notably, o3
outperformed humans in novel problem-solving and skill acquisition on the
Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus for Artificial General Intelligence (ARC-AGI).
However, this benchmark is limited to symbolic patterns, whereas humans often
perceive and reason about multimodal scenarios involving both vision and
language data. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate advanced reasoning
capabilities in multimodal tasks. To this end, we track the evolution of the
GPT-[n] and o-[n] series models on challenging multimodal puzzles, requiring
fine-grained visual perception with abstract or algorithmic reasoning. The
superior performance of o1 comes at nearly 750 times the computational cost of
GPT-4o, raising concerns about its efficiency. Our results reveal a clear
upward trend in reasoning capabilities across model iterations, with notable
performance jumps across GPT-series models and subsequently to o1. Nonetheless,
we observe that the o1 model still struggles with simple multimodal puzzles
requiring abstract reasoning. Furthermore, its performance in algorithmic
puzzles remains poor. We plan to continuously track new models in the series
and update our results in this paper accordingly. All resources used in this
evaluation are openly available https://github.com/declare-lab/LLM-PuzzleTest.