PluraMath: Extending Mathematical Reasoning Evaluation Beyond High-Resource Languages
Authors: name: Daryna Dementieva, name: Nikolay Babakov, name: Kathy Hämmerl, name: Ilseyar Alimova, name: Jindřich Libovický, name: Shu Okabe, name: Miras Baisbay, name: Lukas Edman, name: Abrorkhon Inomkhujaev, name: Antonia Karamolegkou, name: Mateusz Lango, name: Volkan Özer, name: Nikola Selic, name: Subhankar Swain, name: Tsedeniya Kinfe Temesgen, name: Galit Bary Weisberg, name: Alexander Fraser
Organization: Natural Language Processing @ TUM

Mathematical reasoning has become a central task for evaluating and tuning reasoning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing benchmarks remain heavily biased toward high-resource languages, with English and Chinese dominating both pre-training corpora and evaluation suites. The recently released PolyMath (Wang et al., 2025) dataset represents a significant step forward, yet its coverage is still limited to 18 only high-resource languages. To address this gap, we introduce PluraMath, an extension of PolyMath to 18 additional {underrepresented languages spanning 6 language families -- ranging from mid-resource to extreme low-resource settings. We constructed the dataset through a human-curated pipeline, where native speakers thoroughly validated pre-computed translations. Using PluraMath, we then benchmark 27 reasoning LLMs across four model scales -- small, mid-size, large, and closed-source ensembles -- probing the multilingual mathematical reasoning capabilities of state-of-the-art models under diverse linguistic conditions. Our fine-grained analysis confirms a persistent gap in mathematical reasoning performance between high-resource and underrepresented languages, with stronger results largely associated with better instruction-following ability. We fully open-source our dataset, data acquisition pipeline, and evaluation framework, with the goal of lowering the barrier to multilingual benchmark development for underrepresented communities.