Every Activation Boosted: Scaling General Reasoner to 1 Trillion Open
  Language Foundation
Authors: name: Ling-Team, name: Ang Li, name: Ben Liu, name: Binbin Hu, name: Bing Li, name: Bingwei Zeng, name: Borui Ye, name: Caizhi Tang, name: Changxin Tian, name: Chao Huang, name: Chao Zhang, name: Chen Qian, name: Chenchen Ju, name: Chenchen Li, name: Chengfu Tang, name: Chili Fu, name: Chunshao Ren, name: Chunwei Wu, name: Cong Zhang, name: Cunyin Peng, name: Dafeng Xu, name: Daixin Wang, name: Dalong Zhang, name: Dingnan Jin, name: Dingyuan Zhu, name: Dongke Hu, name: Fangzheng Zhao, name: Feifan Wu, name: Feng Zhu, name: Gangshan Wang, name: Haitao Zhang, name: Hailin Zhao, name: Hanxiao Zhang, name: Hanzi Wang, name: Hao Qian, name: Haoyi Yu, name: Heng Zhang, name: Hongliang Zhang, name: Hongzhi Luan, name: Huirong Dong, name: Huizhong Li, name: Jia Li, name: Jia Liu, name: Jialong Zhu, name: Jian Sha, name: Jianping Wei, name: Jiaolong Yang, name: Jieyue Ma, name: Jiewei Wu, name: Jinjing Huang, name: Jingyun Tian, name: Jingyuan Zhang, name: Jinquan Sun, name: Juanhui Tu, name: Jun Liu, name: Jun Xu, name: Jun Zhou, name: Junjie Ou, name: Junpeng Fang, name: Kaihong Zhang, name: Kaiqin Hu, name: Ke Shi, name: Kun Tang, name: Kunlong Chen, name: Lanyin Mei, name: Lei Liang, name: Lei Xu, name: Libo Zhang, name: Lin Ju, name: Lin Yuan, name: Ling Zhong, name: Lintao Ma, name: Lu Liu, name: Lu Yu, name: Lun Cai, name: Meiqi Zhu, name: Mengying Li, name: Min Chen, name: Minghao Xue, name: Minghong Cai, name: Mingming Yin, name: Peijie Jiang, name: Peilong Zhao, name: Pingping Liu, name: Qian Zhao, name: Qing Cui, name: Qingxiang Huang, name: Qingyuan Yang, name: Quankun Yu, name: Shaowei Wei, name: Shijie Lian, name: Shoujian Zheng, name: Shun Song, name: Shungen Zhang, name: Shuo Zhang, name: Siyuan Li, name: Song Liu, name: Ting Guo, name: Tong Zhao, name: Wanli Gu, name: Weichang Wu, name: Weiguang Han, name: Wenjing Fang, name: Wubin Wang, name: Xiang Shu, name: Xiao Shi, name: Xiaoshun Lan, name: Xiaolu Zhang, name: Xiaqing Sun, name: Xin Zhao, name: Xingyu Lu, name: Xiong Xu, name: Xudong Wang, name: Xudong Wang, name: Xuemin Yang, name: Yajie Yang, name: Yang Xiang, name: Yanzhe Li, name: Yi Zhang, name: Yilong Wang, name: Yingxue Li, name: Yongzhen Guo, name: Yuzhuo Fu, name: Yuanyuan Wang, name: Yue Yang, name: Yue Yu, name: Yufeng Deng, name: Yun Zhang, name: Yunfei Xu, name: Yuqi Zhang, name: Yuxiao He, name: Zengke Gui, name: Zhaoxin Huan, name: Zhaoyang Wang, name: Zhibo Zhu, name: Zhihao Wang, name: Zhiqiang Zhang, name: Zhoufei Wang, name: Zihang Zeng, name: Ziqi Liu, name: Zitao Xuan, name: Zuoli Tang
Organization: inclusionAI

We introduce Ling 2.0, a series reasoning-oriented language foundation built
upon the principle that every activation boosts reasoning capability. Designed
to scale from tens of billions to one trillion parameters under a unified
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) paradigm, Ling 2.0 emphasizes high sparsity,
cross-scale consistency, and efficiency guided by empirical scaling laws. The
series includes three non-thinking (instruct) models - Ling-mini-2.0,
Ling-flash-2.0, and Ling-1T - ranging from 16B to 1T total parameters and
achieving up to 7-fold active-compute efficiency compared with dense
counterparts. Ling 2.0 integrates coordinated innovations across model
architecture, pre-training, post-training, and infrastructure: a high-sparsity
MoE with MTP for efficient reasoning, reasoning-oriented data and mid-training
CoT activation, reinforcement-based fine-tuning (DFT, Evo-CoT), and full-scale
FP8 training with fine-grained heterogeneous pipelines. At the trillion scale,
Ling-1T establishes a new Pareto frontier of reasoning accuracy versus
computational efficiency, demonstrating that sparse activation, when properly
aligned with reasoning objectives, enables scalable and efficient intelligence.
Collectively, Ling 2.0 provides a coherent, open, and efficient foundation for
advancing future reasoning and thinking models, including the Ring series built
upon the same base.