Interact, Instruct to Improve: A LLM-Driven Parallel Actor-Reasoner
  Framework for Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Interactions
Authors: name: Shiyu Fang, name: Jiaqi Liu, name: Chengkai Xu, name: Chen Lv, name: Peng Hang, name: Jian Sun

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have entered the commercialization stage, but their
limited ability to interact and express intentions still poses challenges in
interactions with Human-driven Vehicles (HVs). Recent advances in large
language models (LLMs) enable bidirectional human-machine communication, but
the conflict between slow inference speed and the need for real-time
decision-making challenges practical deployment. To address these issues, this
paper introduces a parallel Actor-Reasoner framework designed to enable
explicit bidirectional AV-HV interactions across multiple scenarios. First, by
facilitating interactions between the LLM-driven Reasoner and heterogeneous
simulated HVs during training, an interaction memory database, referred to as
the Actor, is established. Then, by introducing the memory partition module and
the two-layer memory retrieval module, the Actor's ability to handle
heterogeneous HVs is significantly enhanced. Ablation studies and comparisons
with other decision-making methods demonstrate that the proposed Actor-Reasoner
framework significantly improves safety and efficiency. Finally, with the
combination of the external Human-Machine Interface (eHMI) information derived
from Reasoner's reasoning and the feasible action solutions retrieved from the
Actor, the effectiveness of the proposed Actor-Reasoner is confirmed in
multi-scenario field interactions. Our code is available at
https://github.com/FanGShiYuu/Actor-Reasoner.