pOps: Photo-Inspired Diffusion Operators
Authors: name: Elad Richardson, name: Yuval Alaluf, name: Ali Mahdavi-Amiri, name: Daniel Cohen-Or

Text-guided image generation enables the creation of visual content from
textual descriptions. However, certain visual concepts cannot be effectively
conveyed through language alone. This has sparked a renewed interest in
utilizing the CLIP image embedding space for more visually-oriented tasks
through methods such as IP-Adapter. Interestingly, the CLIP image embedding
space has been shown to be semantically meaningful, where linear operations
within this space yield semantically meaningful results. Yet, the specific
meaning of these operations can vary unpredictably across different images. To
harness this potential, we introduce pOps, a framework that trains specific
semantic operators directly on CLIP image embeddings. Each pOps operator is
built upon a pretrained Diffusion Prior model. While the Diffusion Prior model
was originally trained to map between text embeddings and image embeddings, we
demonstrate that it can be tuned to accommodate new input conditions, resulting
in a diffusion operator. Working directly over image embeddings not only
improves our ability to learn semantic operations but also allows us to
directly use a textual CLIP loss as an additional supervision when needed. We
show that pOps can be used to learn a variety of photo-inspired operators with
distinct semantic meanings, highlighting the semantic diversity and potential
of our proposed approach.