Common Diffusion Noise Schedules and Sample Steps are Flawed
Authors: name: Shanchuan Lin, name: Bingchen Liu, name: Jiashi Li, name: Xiao Yang

We discover that common diffusion noise schedules do not enforce the last
timestep to have zero signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and some implementations of
diffusion samplers do not start from the last timestep. Such designs are flawed
and do not reflect the fact that the model is given pure Gaussian noise at
inference, creating a discrepancy between training and inference. We show that
the flawed design causes real problems in existing implementations. In Stable
Diffusion, it severely limits the model to only generate images with medium
brightness and prevents it from generating very bright and dark samples. We
propose a few simple fixes: (1) rescale the noise schedule to enforce zero
terminal SNR; (2) train the model with v prediction; (3) change the sampler to
always start from the last timestep; (4) rescale classifier-free guidance to
prevent over-exposure. These simple changes ensure the diffusion process is
congruent between training and inference and allow the model to generate
samples more faithful to the original data distribution.