Question: Can you compare C++ to Java?
Answer: There are many differences and similarities between the C++ programming language and Java. A list of top differences between C++ and Java are given below:

Platform-independent: C++ is platform-dependent while Java is platform-independent.

Mainly used for: C++ is mainly used for system programming while Java is mainly used for application programming. It is widely used in Windows-based, web-based, enterprise, and mobile applications.

Design Goal: 	C++ was designed for systems and applications programming. It was an extension of the C programming language while Java was designed and created as an interpreter for printing systems but later extended as a support network computing. It was designed to be easy to use and accessible to a broader audience.

Goto: C++ supports the goto statement while Java doesn't support the goto statement.

Multiple inheritance: C++ supports multiple inheritance while Java doesn't support multiple inheritance through class. It can be achieved by using interfaces in java.

Operator Overloading: C++ supports operator overloading while Java doesn't support operator overloading.

Pointers: C++ supports pointers. You can write a pointer program in C++ while Java supports pointer internally. However, you can't write the pointer program in java. It means java has restricted pointer support in java.

Compiler and Interpreter: C++ uses compiler only. C++ is compiled and run using the compiler which converts source code into machine code so, C++ is platform dependent while Java uses both compiler and interpreter. Java source code is converted into bytecode at compilation time. The interpreter executes this bytecode at runtime and produces output. Java is interpreted that is why it is platform-independent.

Call by Value and Call by reference: C++ supports both call by value and call by reference while Java supports call by value only. There is no call by reference in java.

Structure and Union: C++ supports structures and unions while Java doesn't support structures and unions.

Thread Support: C++ doesn't have built-in support for threads. It relies on third-party libraries for thread support while Java has built-in thread support.

Documentation comment: C++ doesn't support documentation comments while Java supports documentation comment (/** ... */) to create documentation for java source code.

Virtual Keyword: C++ supports virtual keyword so that we can decide whether or not to override a function. Java has no virtual keyword. We can override all non-static methods by default. In other words, non-static methods are virtual by default.

unsigned right shift >>> : C++ doesn't support >>> operator while Java supports unsigned right shift >>> operator that fills zero at the top for the negative numbers. For positive numbers, it works same like >> operator.

Inheritance Tree: C++ always creates a new inheritance tree while Java always uses a single inheritance tree because all classes are the child of the Object class in Java. The Object class is the root of the inheritance tree in java.

Hardware: C++ is nearer to hardware while Java is not so interactive with hardware.

Object-oriented: C++ is an object-oriented language. However, in the C language, a single root hierarchy is not possible while Java is also an object-oriented language. However, everything (except fundamental types) is an object in Java. It is a single root hierarchy as everything gets derived from java.lang.Object.