Case ID: 530

Judgment:
Civil Appeal No. 92 of 1957. Appeal by special leave from the judgment and order dated May 11	 1956	 of the Labour Appellate Tribunal of India	 Calcutta	 in Misc. Case No. C 152 of 1955. B. Sen	 section N. Mukherjee and B. N. Ghosh	 for the appel lants. D. L. Sen Gupta (with him Dipak Dutta Choudhri)	 for the respondent. September 20. The following Judgment of the Court was delivered by BHAGWATI J. This appeal with special leave against the decision of the Labour Appellate Tribunal of India	 Calcut ta	 arises out of an application made by the appellant under section 22 of the Industrial Disputes 66 516 (Appellate Tribunal) Act	 1950	 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") for permission to discharge the respondent. The respondent had been appointed as a pay clerk in the appellant 's cash department on April 30. 1945	 and had been con and had been confirmed in service with effect from August 1	 1945. Since the beginning of 1949	 the respondent was found to have become negligent and careless in his work and he was also disobedient and slow in the performance of the duties that were allotted to him. Repeated verbal and written I warnings were given to him but they had no effect whatever. Consequently the Chief Cashier by his letter dated October 24	 1949	 addressed to the Manager of the appellant	 complained that he was very negligent and care less in his work	 and habitually showed sulkiness	 that he was also disobedient	 and shirked the duties that were allotted to him an that recently	 he was careless enough to keep the Company 's money in an open drawer of a safe	 and go home	 without locking the same. The Management thereupon asked for his written explanation which he submitted on October 28	 1949	 stating that if there was anything wrong on his part that was due to his ill health	 hard work and mental anxiety. He	 therefore	 asked to be excused and stated that he would take much more care in future about his work. On November 17	 1949	 the Chief Cashier again com plained against the respondent stating that he had not only registered no improvement but was grossly negligent in his duties	 in spite of repeated warnings	 and was in the habit of absenting himself on flimsy grounds	 and always tried to avoid duties that were entrusted to him and was very inso lent in his behaviour and conduct. A charge sheet was submitted to him on November 18	 1949	 and he was suspended till the final disposal of the enquiry. On November 19	 1949	 the respondent wrote a letter to the Managing Director of the appellant pleading not guilty to the charges framed against him and asking for an interview so that he may have a chance to represent his grievances personally. The re spondent was granted an interview with the Manager of 517 the appellant who investigated the case of the respondent and found him guilty of the charges framed against him. The respondent had admitted having been rude to his superior officer in a fit of temper but appeared to be repentant of his conduct and had tendered an apology to the Chief Cash ier. He also submitted on November 29	 1949	 a letter asking to be excused. Under the circumstances	 the manager of the appellant recommended in his report dated November 29	 1949	 that the respondent be given one more opportunity to prove himself of good behaviour but having regard to the request made by the respondent in that behalf suggested that he be transferred to the Mechanical Engineering Department. The Manager also stated at the end of the said report that he had warned the respondent that if he got any further adverse report about his work or conduct	 his services would be terminated forthwith. Following upon that report a letter was addressed by the appellant to the respondent on the same day intimating that the appellant had decided to give him one more chance of working in the organization on the distinct understanding that should there be any further adverse report about his work or conduct his services would be terminated forthwith. He was directed on that under standing to report to Mr. Hooper of the M. E. Department	 where he was being transferred with effect from the next day. In spite of these chances being given to him the respondent did not improve and he was again found seriously neglecting his work. There were also complaints from the typists to the effect that the respondent 's chatter interfered with their work. Mr. Hooper after giving him verbal warnings on several occasions without any effect ultimately gave him a written warning on February 9	 1951	 recording the above facts and asking that the respondent should show immediate improvement in his conduct failing which he would take the matter further. The respondent replied by his letter dated February 16	 195 1	 denying the allegations contained in the said letter of Mr. Hooper: He Pleaded that he was not negli gent in his duty inasmuch 518 as he had to discharge the arrears of work which were out standing at the time when he took over the work of writing parcel challans and he was also asked to do other work of the clerks who were absent on leave. He however admitted that he had occasionally talked with his co workers though he contended that that was not in such a way as would prompt his coworkers to complain against him. He further asked to be excused for the faults	 if any	 and gave an assurance that he was trying and would try his level best to improve further. The respondent however did not show any improvement and again there were complaints against him that his work had not been done properly and also that he had been noisy	 causing disturbance to the other clerks ' work and that he had been twice found by his superior officer Mr. Girling with his head on his arms apparently sleeping. On September 3	 1952	 Mr. Girling on behalf of the appellant gave the respondent a warning to which he replied on September 8	 1952	 denying all the allegations except that of his being found with his head on his arms but excused himself by stating that he was ill and it was under the advice of Mr. Girhng himself that he consulted the office doctor who had advised him rest. He however promised to endeavour his utmost to give every satisfaction in the discharge of his duties. In spite of these warnings the respondent showed no improve ment in his work and conduct and continued neglecting his duties and indulging in insubordination with the result that by its letter dated February 9	 1953	 the Management of the appellant wrote to him that the only course left to it was to dispense with his services but as a measure of leniency it had decided to give him another chance to show satisfac tory improvement and in doing so it had also decided to stop his annual increment. The respondent protested against the stopping of his annual increment by his letter dated Febru ary 17	 1953	 and contended that the charges levelled against him were absolutely groundless and asked the Manage ment to re consider his case. The Labour Directorate of the Government of West 519 Bengal was approached on his behalf but that body also refused to intervene. The Management asked Mr. Hooper to report upon the respondent 's work and conduct by May 31	 1953	 and intimated to the respondent that unless definite improvement was reported by that date his services with the appellant would be terminated as from June 30	 1953. Mr. Hooper observed the respondent 's work and conduct and not finding them satisfactory	 by his memo dated August 19	 1953	 reported on the same to the Management of the appel lant. No action was however taken immediately against the respondent and on May 4	 1954	 Mr. Hooper made his final report to the Management on the strength of which the appel lant wrote to the respondent its letter dated May 10	 1954	 in which it stated that on receipt of the complaint from Mr. Hooper it had made a thorough enquiry into his record of service	 had found that he was unsuitable to be retained in its service and had	 therefore	 decided to terminate his service on payment of full retrenchment compensation. It asked the respondent to choose one of the two alternatives	 viz.	 that it may forthwith terminate his services if he was agreeable to accept payment of retrenchment compensation or in case he refused to accept the same to make an application before the Fifth Industrial Tribunal for permission to terminate his service. The respondent failed and neglected to send any reply with the result that by its letter dated June 21	 1954	 the appellant intimated to the respondent that it was approaching the Tribunal for permission to terminate his service as per its letter dated May 28	 1954. The appellant thereafter filed on September 21	 1954	 an application before the Fifth Industrial Tribunal	 West Bengal. under section 33 of the 	 for permission to discharge the respondent. The Fifth Industrial Tribunal however became functus officio on the expiry of thirty days from the publication of its Award in the dispute which was then pending before it with the result that the said application could not be disposed of and was accordingly struck off. 520 The appellant eventually filed an application under section 22 of the Act before the Labour Appellate Tribunal of India at Calcutta for permission to discharge the respondent from its service. This step became necessary as there was an appeal being No. Cal. 152 pending before the Labour Appellate Tribunal to which the appellant and the respondent were parties. The Labour Appellate Tribunal consisting of Shri M.N. Gan (President) and Shri P. R. Mukherji (Member) heard the appellant ex parte and by its order dated October 14	 1955	 allowed the said application and granted the permis sion to discharge the respondent holding inter alia that a prima facie case had been made out for permission to dismiss the respondent. The appellant accordingly on November 11	 1955	 wrote a letter to the respondent stating that the necessary permission had been granted by the Labour Appel late Tribunal to discharge him from the appellant 's service and that the decision of the Management of the appellant dated May 28	 1954	 to terminate his services was therefore given effect to on the terms communicated to him in that letter. On December 6	 1955	 the respondent filed an affidavit before the Labour Appellate Tribunal	 Calcutta	 praying for a review of the order dated October 14	 1955	 for setting it aside and for restoration of the application under section 22 of the Act. The Labour Appellate Tribunal presided over by Mr. M. N. Gan and Mr. V. N. Dikshitulu heard the parties concerned and by its order dated March 6	 1956	 allowed the respondent 's application and restored the appellant 's case to its file. On a further hearing of that application the parties adduced evidence and after hearing both the parties the Labour Appellate Tribunal presided over this time by Mr. V. N. Dikshitulu rejected the application under section 22 of the Act by its order dated May 11	 1956	 and refused to the appel lant permission to discharge the respondent from its serv ice. The appellant being aggrieved by the said decision of the Labour Appellate Tribunal of India	 Calcutta ' 521 applied for and obtained special leave to appeal to this Court. Mr. Sen on behalf of the appellant raised two contentions: (i) that the Labour Appellate Tribunal had no jurisdiction to review its own order which it had passed on October 14	 1955	 and (ii) that the Labour Appellate Tribunal had ex ceeded its jurisdiction under section 22 of the Act in coming to the conclusion that the appellant had failed to make out a prima facie case to discharge the respondent from its serv ice. Re:(i) It was contended that once the Labour Appellate Tribunal pronounced its order on October 14	 1955	 it had become functus officio and thereafter it had no jurisdiction to review its own order. The circumstances	 moreover	 did not bring the application which was made by the respondent on December 6	 1955	 strictly within the provisions of 0. 47	 r. I of the Code of Civil Procedure and no application for review could therefore be maintained. It is significant	 however	 to remember that the application made by the respondent on December 6	 1955	 was an omnibus one and was intituled as one under 0. 47	 r. I of the Code of Civil Procedure for review under 0. 41	 r. 21 of the Civil Procedure Code for restoration and under 0. 9	 r. 13 of the Code of Civil Procedure for setting aside the permis sion granted ex parte and to restore the respondent in his original position. The respondent evidently sought to rely upon one or the other of the provisions above set out in order to obtain the relief which he sought in that. applica tion. Whether one or more of these provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure could be availed of by the respondent depends upon what are the powers which are vested in the Labour Appellate Tribunal when hearing the matters which come before it. The Labour Appellate Tribunal is the creature of the statute and all its powers must be found within the four corners of the statute. The constitution and functions of the Labour Appellate Tribunal are to be found in Chapter 11 of the Act. Sections 4 to 6 of the Act lay down the 522 constitution and functions of the Labour Appellate Tribunal and section 7 prescribes its jurisdiction in appeal from awards or decisions of the Industrial Tribunals. Section 9 lays down the powers and procedure of the Labour Appellate Tribu nal. The provisions of section 9 so far as they are relevant for the purpose of this appeal may be set out here : Section 9. Powers and procedure of the Appellate Tribunal. (1)The Appellate Tribunal shall have the same powers as are vested in a civil court	 when hearing an appeal	 under the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908 (Act V of 1908). (10)The Appellate Tribunal shall follow such procedure as may be prescribed	 and subject thereto	 it may	 by order	 regulate its practice and procedure and the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908 (Act V of 1908)	 shall	 so far as they are not inconsistent with this Act	 or the rules or orders made thereunder	 apply to all proceedings before the Appellate Tribunal. It may be noted that the Labour Appellate Tribunal not only exercises appellate jurisdiction by way of hearing appeals from the awards or decisions of the Industrial Tribunals but also exercises original jurisdiction when applications are made to it under section 22 of the Act to obtain its permission in writing to alter the conditions of service applicable to the workman or to discharge or punish whether by dismissal or otherwise any workman concerned in appeals pending before it. If an employer contravenes the provisions of section 22 during the pendency of the proceedings	 before the Labour Appellate Tribunal	 it also entertains complaints in writing at the instance of the employees aggrieved by such contra vention and the Labour Appellate Tribunal decides these complaints as if they are appeals pending before it in accordance with the provisions of the Act. This is also an exercise of original jurisdiction though under the express terms of the section the exercise of that jurisdiction is assimilated to the 523 exercise of appellate jurisdiction by the Labour Appellate Tribunal. Whatever be the nature of the jurisdiction thus exercised by the Labour Appellate Tribunal whether original or appellate that jurisdiction is exercised by it by virtue of the provisions of the Act: And section 9 of the Act has refer ence to the exercise of the whole of that jurisdiction when it talks of the powers and procedure of the Labour Appellate Tribunal. In regard to such powers and procedure no dis tinction is made between the exercise of original jurisdic tion and the exercise of appellate jurisdiction by the Labour Appellate Tribunal and these provisions apply equally to the jurisdiction exercised by it whether under sections 7	 22	 or section 23 of the Act. Section 9(1) of the Act invests the Labour Appellate Tribu nal with the same powers as are vested in a civil court	 when hearing an appeal	 under the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908 (Act V of 1908). A question was mooted before us whether the words " when hearing an appeal" were to be read with the words "Appellate Tribunal" or with the words "a civil court". It was argued that these words went with the words "Appellate Tribunal" and	 therefore	 the powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure were to be exercised by the Labour Appellate Tribunal only when it was exercising its appellate jurisdiction and hearing matters which fall within the purview of section 7 or section 23 of the Act and not when it was exercising original jurisdiction and hearing applications under section 22 of the Act. This construc tion of the provisions of section 9(1) of the Act however suf fers from this disability that it takes no count of the fact that the Labour Appellate Tribunal under the provisions of the Act itself exercises both original as well as appellate jurisdiction and if such a construction was put on these provisions the result would be that there would be no provi sion as regards the powers of the Labour Appellate Tribunal when it is exercising original jurisdiction. The powers of the Labour Appellate Tribunal which are sought to be provid ed in section 9(1) of the Act are not limited only to the exer cise 67 524 of appellate jurisdiction by it but have reference to the whole of the jurisdiction which is vested in the Labour Appellate Tribunal under the provisions of the Act. The words " when hearing an appeal" have	 moreover	 been used between the words "a civil court" and "under the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908" which in the context in which they have been used could only have been meant to refer to a civil court. Whatever the jurisdiction the Labour Appellate Tribunal is exercising whether original or appellate it is vested with the powers as are vested in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908	 when it is hearing an appeal. The very juxtaposition of the words " when hearing an appeal " with the words " a civil court "	 is sufficient	 in our opinion	 to invest the Labour Appellate Tribunal while exercising its jurisdiction whether original or appel late with the same powers as are vested in a civil court Under the Code of Civil Procedure when it is exercising its appellate jurisdiction	 and hearing appeals. (See Burmah Shell Oil Storage Case(	) and the New Union Mills Ltd. Case (2). If this is the true construction to be put on the provisions of section 9(1) of the Act	 the provisions of 0. 41 r. 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure are attracted forthwith. Order 41 r. 21 provides: Where an appeal is heard ex parte and judgment is pronounced against the respondent	 he may apply to the appellate court to rehear the appeal; and	 if he satisfies the Court that the notice was not duly served or that he was prevented by sufficient cause from appearing when the appeal was called on for hearing	 the Court shall rehear the appeal on such terms as to costs or otherwise as it thinks fit to impose upon him. When the Labour Appellate Tribunal heard the application under section 22 of the Act ex parte on October 14	 1955	 the summons had not been served on the respondent owing to its being addressed to hi in at a wrong place. There was suffi cient cause therefore for the respondent not appearing when the application was called on for hearing and on this (1) (2) 525 circumstance being established he was entitled to a re hearing of the application and setting aside of the ex parte order made against him. The Labour Appellate Tribunal was	 therefore	 right in making the order which it did on March 6	 1956. There is also another aspect of the question which may be dealt with at this stage and it is that under the provisions of section 9	 sub section (10) of the Act the Labour Appellate Tribu nal is enjoined to follow such procedure as may be pre scribed	 and subject thereto it may	 by order	 regulate its practice and procedure and the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure	 1908 (Act V of 1908)	 shall	 so far as they are not inconsistent with the Act or the rules or orders made thereunder	 apply to all proceedings before it. Pursu ant to the powers conferred upon it by this sub section the Labour Appellate Tribunal has made orders to regulate its practice and procedure and 0. 3 r. 4 provides : " Nothing in these rules shall be deemed to limit or other wise affect the inherent power of the Tribunal to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the Court. " This provision is analogous to that which is contained in section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure which relates to the inherent powers of the Court and even apart from the ap plicability of 0. 41 r. 21 of the Code of Civil Procedure as hereinbefore set out it was open to the Labour Appellate Tribunal to pass the order which it did on March 6	 1956	 as it was evidently necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent the abuse of the process of the Court. We are	 therefore	 of opinion that the Labour Appellate Tribunal had jurisdiction to set aside the ex parte order dated October 14	 1955	 and restore the appellant 's applica tion under section 22 of the Act to its file. This contention of the appellant therefore is without any substance and must be negatived. Re:(ii) It was next contended that even though the Labour Appellate Tribunal had jurisdiction to hear an application under section 22 of the Act it misconceived 526 its jurisdiction and in the exercise of it	 launched into an inquiry which it was not competent to do and erroneously came to the conclusion that the appellant had failed to make out a prima facie case for terminating the service of the respondent. The nature and scope of the enquiry before the Labour Appel late Tribunal under section 22 of the Act has been the subject matter of decisions of this Court in Atherton West & Co. Ltd. vs Suti Mill Mazdoor Union and others (1)	 The Automo bile Products of India Ltd. vs Rukmaji Bala & others(2) and Lakshmi Devi Sugar Mills Limited vs Pt. Ram Sarup(3). In the last mentioned case this Court succinctly laid down the principles governing such enquiry and observed at p. 935: " The Tribunal before whom an application is made under that section has not to adjudicate upon any industrial dispute arising between the employer and the workman but has only got to consider whether the ban which is imposed on the employer in the matter of altering the condition of employ ment to the prejudice of the workman or his discharge or punishment whether by dismissal or otherwise during the pendency of the proceedings therein referred to should be lifted. A prima facie case has to be made out by the em ployer for the lifting of such ban and the only jurisdiction which the Tribunl has is either to give such permission or to refuse it provided the employer is not acting mala fide or is not resorting to any unfair practice or victimization. " We have	 therefore	 got to consider whether in the instant case a prima facie case was made out by the appellant for terminating the service of the respondent and whether in giving the notice dated November 1 1	 1955	 terminating the respondent 's service the appellant was motivated by any unfair labour practice or victimisation. The facts as they appear from the narration of events in the earlier part of this judgment go to establish that the respondent was grossly negligent in (1) ; (3) ; (2) [1955] i S.C.R. 1241. 527 the performance of his duties	 was in the habit of absenting himself on flimsy grounds	 was also insolent in his beha viour and conduct and in spite of repeated warnings	 oral as well as written	 addressed to him by the Management of the appellant did not show any signs of improvement. The inci dents of 1949	 195 1	 and 1952 culminating in the stoppage of his annual increment in February	 1953	 were sufficient to demonstrate that the Management of the appellant dealt with the respondent very leniently in spite of his work and conduct not being at all satisfactory. The appellant would have been well within its rights if it had taken action against the respondent on each of the several occasions above referred to	 but out of sheer compassion went on giving him one opportunity after the other so that he would register an improvement in his work and conduct. The re spondent however	 presisted in his behaviour and the two reports made by Mr. Hooper One on August 19	 1953	 and the other on May 4	 1954	 were considered by the Management and it came to the conclusion that the respondent was unsuitable to be retained in the appellant 's service and even then instead of deciding to dismiss him without anything more	 it offered him the choice of one of the two alternatives	 viz.	 that it may forthwith terminate his service if he was agree able to accept the term of full retrenchment compensation or if he refused to accept the same to make an application before the Fifth Industrial Tribunal for permission to terminate his service. The whole of the correspondence ending with the respondent 's letter dated February 17	 1953	 was sufficient to prove with. out anything more the unsatis factory nature of his work and conduct and the	 appellant was evidently of the opinion that the records of the re spondent taken along with the reports made by Mr. Hooper afforded sufficient material to justify it in taking the step which it ultimately decided to do. It was under these circumstances that the appellant did not consider it neces sary to furnish to the respondent a chargesheet and to hold a formal enquiry into the work and conduct of the respond ent. 528 This circumstance was considered by the Labour Appellate Tribunal as sufficient to entitle it to determine for itself whether a prima facie case for the termination of the respondent 's service was made out by the appellant. It was open to the appellant to submit a charge sheet to the re spondent and institute a formal inquiry into his work and conduct. If that had been done and the appellant had	 after holding such formal enquiry	 come to the conclusion that the respondent was guilty of the charges which were levelled against him and had then decided to terminate his service	 the Tribunal could not have intervened and on its coming to the conclusion that a prima facie case for the termination of the service of the respondent was thus made out	 it would. have granted the appellant the permission asked for. Unfortunately for the appellant	 in spite of the work and conduct of the respondent being demonstrably unsatisfactory and	 therefore	 justifying the conclusion that he was un suitable to be retained in its service	 the appellant did not hold any formal enquiry of the nature indicated above and did not afford to the respondent an opportunity to have his say in the matter of the charges levelled against him. The Labour Appellate Tribunal therefore rightly took upon itself the burden of determining whether on the material submitted before it by the appellant a prima facie case for the termination of the respondent 's service was made out by the appellant. The evidence led by the parties before the Labour Appellate Tribunal consisting as it did of the affidavit and oral evidence was not such as would enable it to come to the conclusion that a prima facie case for the termination of the respondent 's service was made out by the appellant. In paragraphs 8 and 9 of the application the appellant had pointed out that after receipt of Mr. Hooper 's report dated May 4	 1954	 to the effect that there will be no improvement of work in the department unless the respondent was removed from the same	 the matter was further investigated and the old records of the respondent were carefully considered and the appellant found that enough consideration 529 had been shown to the respondent but without any effect and in the interest of discipline and good work it was necessary that he should be discharged from service. These allega tions were denied by the respondent in his affidavit in reply and he contended that on no occasion whatever the warnings	 letters	 suspension or stoppage of increment resorted to by the appellant were done after establishing his guilt or by following the usual methods	 viz.	 by issu ing a charge sheet with specific allegations and on enquiry based on such a charge sheet and explanations rendered by him. He contended that the whole thing was arbitrary	 without any basis and in violation of the principles of natural justice and was by way of unfair labour practice or victimization. An affidavit in rejoinder was filed on behalf of the appellant by Shri Ramani Ranjan Dhar	 a Senior Assistant of the appellant. He denied these allegations of the respondent and affirmed that the application of the appellant sufficiently disclosed the offences for which it sought the permission of the Labour Appellate Tribunal to dismiss the respondent. He stated that the appellant was thoroughly satisfied	 after full enquiry and investigation and after the respondent was given more than ample opportu nity to explain the charges levelled against him	 and after he was given more than one chance at his own prayer to improve his conduct on various occasions that the respondent was guilty of the charges brought against him. This affida vit evidence was followed by the oral evidence of Mr. Hooper led on behalf of the appellant. Mr. Hooper	 however	 did not carry the case of the appellant any further. Even though the appellant had an opportunity when Mr. Hooper was in the witness box to produce his reports dated August 19	 1953	 and May 4	 1954	 and have them proved through him	 or	 in any event	 if the absence or loss of those reports was satisfactorily accounted for to lead oral evidence as to their contents the appellant did not do so and beyond a bare reference to his report of May 4	 1954	 without disclosing. the contents thereof there was nothing in the deposition of Mr. Hooper which would 530 even go to show that the contents of that report were preju dicial to the respondent. In cross examination also he admitted that before reporting on May 4	 1954	 against the respondent he did not draw up a chargesheet as it was for the appellant to do so. The Labour Appellate Tribunal bad to determine on these materials whether a prima facie case had been made out by the appellant for the termination of the respondent 's serv ice. A prima facie case does not mean a case proved to the hilt but a case which can be said to be established if the evidence which is led in support of the same were believed. While determining whether a prima facie case had been made out the relevant consideration is whether on the evidence led it was possible to arrive at the conclusion in question and not whether that was the only conclusion which could be arrived at on that evidence. It may be that the Tribunal considering this question may itself have arrived at a different conclusion. It has	 however	 not to substitute its own judgment for the judgment in question. It has only got to consider whether the view taken is a possible view on the evidence on the record. (See Buckingham and Carnatic Co.	 Ltd. Case (1). The Labour Appellate Tribunal in the instant case discussed the evidence led before it in meticulous detail and came to the conclusion that no prima facie case was made out by the appellant for the termination of the service of the respond ent. It applied a standard of proof which having regard to the observations made above was not strictly justifiable. If the matter had rested there it may have been possible to upset the finding of the Labour Appellate Tribunal. But if regard be had to the evidence which was actually led before it	 there is such a lacuna in that evidence that it is impossible to come to the conclusion that even if the evi dence was taken at its face value a prima	 ' facie case was made out by the appellant. Mr. Hooper 's evidence did not go to show what were the contents of his report dated May 4	 1954	 and it contained only a bare reference to that report (1) 531 without anything more. This was not enough to prove the contents of that report	 much less to give the respondent an opportunity of controverting the ' allegations made against him. If	 therefore	 these essential ingredients were want ing	 it cannot be said that the evidence led by the appel lant before the Labour Appellate Tribunal was sufficient to establish a prima facie case for the termination of the respondent 's service. This contention also does not there fore avail the appellant. Mr. Sen endeavoured to draw a distinction between discharge on the one hand and punishment by way of dismissal or other wise on the other	 in clause (b) of section 22 of the Act. He contended that no prima facie case need be made out when an employee was sought to be discharged simpliciter by the employer. A charge sheet was required to be submitted to the workman and an enquiry thereon required to be made in conformity with the principles of natural justice only in those cases where the workman was sought to be punished by dismissal or otherwise. That was not the case when the workman was sought to be discharged without assigning any reason whatever and such a case did not fall within the category of punishment at all. For the purpose of the present case we need not dilate upon this; it is sufficient to point out that Shri Raniani Ranjan Dhar in his affidavit in rejoinder filed on behalf of the appellant categorically stated that the respondent was sought to be " dismissed " by reason of his having been found guilty of the various charges which had been levelled against him. Even at the exparte hearing of the application under section 22 of the Act before the Labour Appellate Tribunal the case of the appel lant was that it had made out a prima facie case for permis sion to " dismiss " the respondent. This distinction sought to be drawn by Mr. Sen is therefore of no consequence what ever and need not detain us any further. Mr. Sen also relied upon the circumstance that after the Labour Appellate Tribunal had on the exparte hearing of the application under section 22 of the Act granted to the appellant permission to terminate the 68 532 service of the respondent on October 14	 1955	 the appellant had implemented the same and by its notice 'dated November	 11	 1955	 actually terminated the service of the respondent offering him full retrenchment compensation. In so far as the appellant had acted upon such permission and implemented the same	 it was contended	 that the respondent 's service was irrevocably terminated and nothing more was to be done thereafter	 except the possible raising of an industrial dispute by the respondent on the score of his service having been wrongfully terminated. It was submitted that after such an irrevocable step had been taken by the appellant terminating the respondent 's service	 the Labour Appellate Tribunal ought not to have reconsidered its decision and restored the application under section 22 of the Act to its file and that the further decision of the Labour Appellate Tribu nal had no effect so far as the actual termination of the service of the respondent was concerned. We do not propose to go into these interesting questions for the simple reason that the only question which arises for our consideration in this appeal is whether on the evidence led before it the decision of the Labour Appellate Tribunal dated May 11	 1956	 dismissing the appellant 's application under section 22 of the Act was correct. As a matter of fact no such contention had been urged by the appellant before the Labour Appellate Tribunal when it finally heard the application under section 22 of the Act and the only point to which the attention of the Labour Appellate Tribunal was invited was whether the appel lant had made out a prima facie case for the termination of the respondent 's service. Whatever rights and remedies are available to the appellant by reason of these circumstances may just as well be asserted by the appellant in appropriate proceedings which may be taken hereafter either at the instance of the appellant or the respondent. We are not at present concerned with the same. Under the circumstances	 we are of opinion that the decision arrived at by the Labour Appellate Tribunal 533 which is the subject matter of appeal before us was correct. It is no doubt true that the Labour Appellate Tribunal recorded a finding in favour of the appellant that in termi nating the service of the respondent as it did	 the appel lant was not	 guilty of any unfair labour practice nor was it actuated by any motive of victimisation against the respondent. That finding	 however	 cannot help the appel lant in so far as the Labour Appellate Tribunal held that the appellant had failed to make out a prima facie case for terminating the service of the respondent. We	 therefore	 hold that the decision of the Labour Appel late Tribunal refusing permission to the appellant under section 22 of the Act was correct and this appeal is liable to be dismissed. It will accordingly be dismissed with costs. Appeal dismissed.

Summary:
The respondent was employed by the appellant company	 but later on his work and conduct became very unsatisfactory and repeated warnings	 both oral and written	 did not show any improvement. A thorough inquiry into his record of service was made and a report was submitted which showed that he was unsuitable to be retained in its service. No formal enquiry	 however	 was held by submitting a charge sheet to the respondent and giving him an opportunity to rebut those chares. The appellant gave him a choice either to terminate his services on payment of full retrenchment compensation	 or if he refused to accept the same	 to make an application for permission to terminate his services. Eventually	 the appellant filed an application before the Labour Appellate Tribunal under section 22 Of the Industrial Disputes (Appellate Tribunal) Act	 1950	 for permission to discharge the respondent from its service. The application was originally heard ex parte	 the respondent not appearing	 and the Tribunal	 by order dated October 14	 1955	 allowed the application. Subsequently the respondent made an appli cation for a review of the order under Or. 47	 R. I	 for setting it aside under Or. 9	 R. 13 and for restoration of the application under Or. 41	 R. 21	 Of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Tribunal found that there was sufficient cause for the respondent not appearing when the application was called on for hearing	 and set aside the ex parte order and restored the appellant 's application. On a further hearing of the application	 the parties adduced evidence and the Tribunal	 after hearing them	 rejected the application on the	 ground that a prima facie case had not been made out for permission to discharge the respondent. On appeal to the Supreme Court it was contended for the appellant (1) that the Labour Appellate Tribunal had no jurisdiction to review its own order and (2) that it exceeded its jurisdic tion under section 22 Of the Act	 in discussing the evidence led before it in meticulous detail and coming to the conclu sion that the appellant failed to make out a prima facie case to discharge the respondent from its service. Held: (1) that under section 9	 sub sections (1) and (10) of the Act the Labour Appellate Tribunal had jurisdiction to set aside the 515 ex parte order dated October 14	 1955	 and restore the application to its file. (2) that under section 22 of the Act	 the jurisdiction of the Labour Appellate Tribunal in considering whether a prima facie case has been made out by the employer	 is to see whether the employer is acting mala fide or is resorting to any unfair labour practice or victimisation	 and whether on the evidence led it is possible to arrive at the conclusion in question. Though the Tribunal may itself have arrived at a different conclusion it has not to substitute its own judgment for the judgment in question. Atherton West & Co. Ltd. vs Suti Mill Mazdoor Union and Others	 	 The Automobile Products of India Ltd. vs Rukmaji Bala & others; 	 and Laksh mi Devi Sugar Mills Limited vs Pt. Ram Sarup	 (1956) S.C.R. 916	 relied on. In the instant case	 though the appellant was justified in making the application for permission to discharge the respondent on account of his work and conduct being demon strably unsatisfactory	 and the standard of proof which the Tribunal ];ad applied for finding whether there was a Prima facie case was not strictly justifiable	 in view of the fact that no formal inquiry into the charges against the respond ent was held and the evidence on behalf of the appellant did not show that the respondent was given an opportunity to controvert the allegations made against him	 the decision of the Tribunal was upheld.