Case ID: 2410

Judgment:
Appeal No. 1707 of 1967. 422 Appeal under Section 116 A of the Representation of the People Act	 1951 from the judgment and order dated September 19	 1967 of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Election Petition No. 28 of 1967. Harder Singh	 P. Parmeswara Rao and S.S. Khanduja	 for the appellant. R.K. Garg	 S.C. Agarwala	 Baldev Singh Khojiand Anil Kumar Gupta	 for respondent No. 1. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Bhargava	 J. The appellant	 who was defeated by respondent No. 1 (hereinafter referred to as "the respondent")	 the successful candidate	 in the General Election of 1967 to the Punjab Vidhan Sabha from Nakodar Constituency	 District Jullundur	 challenged the election of the respondent in an election petition inter alia on the ground that he was disqualified from being chosen as a member of the Assembly	 because he was holding an office of profit under the State Government at the relevant time. This was the only ground which was pressed at the trial of the election petition before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh. The High Court dismissed the election petition rejecting this contention of the appellant and	 consequently the appellant has come up to this Court in this appeal under section 116A of the Representation of the People Act	 1951. Admittedly	 the respondent was the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti and the ground that he was disqualified from being a candidate was based on Rules 3 to 7 of the Punjab Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads	 Non official Members (Payment of Allowances) Rules	 1965 (hereinafter referred to as "the Rules") which are as follows : "3. There shall be paid a monthly consolidated allowance	 in lieu of all other allowances	 at the following rates. to the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti and that of a Zila Parishad	 for performing all official duties and journeys concerning the Panchayat Samitis or Zila Parishad as the case may be	 within the district	 including attending of meeting	 supervision of plans	 projects	 schemes and other works and also for 'the discharge of all lawful obligations and implementation of Government directives : (a) Chairman	 Panchayat Samiti . Rs. 100 (b) Chairman	 Zila Parishad . Rs. 150 4. The Chairmen	 Vice Chairmen and Members shall	 for the purpose of rates of mileage and daily allowance admissible to them under these rules	 be divided into the following two categories : 423 (i) Category I This shall include Chairmen and Vice Chairmen of the Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads. (ii) Category II This shall include all other Members of the Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads. There shall be paid to the Chairman	 Vice Chairman and Member	 mileage allowance for journeys performed for any official work outside the district. Such journeys shall not be undertaken unless authorised by the Panchayat Samiti or the Zila Parishad	 as the case may be. Note : The Power under this sub rule shall not be delegated to any other authority. (2) The Vice Chairman and the Member shall also be paid mileage allowance	 in respect of a journey performed within the district	 for (a) attending the meetings; and (b) for any official work or for supervision of a cattle fair held by the Panchayat Samiti: Provided that the Vice Chairman and the Members shall not be entitled to mileage allowance under clause (b) unless the journey for such work or supervision has been approved by the Panchayat Samiti or Zila Parishad	 as the case may be	 and the number of Members deputed for supervision does not exceed five on any one day. The payment of mileage allowance to a Chairman	 Vice Chairman and Members for the purposes and journeys mentioned in rule 5 shall be regulated as follows : (i) Mileage allowance by rail. For 'a journey between the stations connected by rail	 the Chairman and Vice Chairman shall be entitled to travel by 1st Class and the Members by 2nd Class. The Chairman	 Vice Chairman and the Members shall be enti tled to draw single fare of the Class of accommodation to which he is entitled: Provided that if the journey is performed in lower class	 the Chairman	 Vice Chairman and Members shall 424 be entitled to the fare actually paid for that class. (ii) Mileage allowance by bus. For a journey between the places connected by road	 where regular bus service plies	 and also for a journey between the stations connected by rail but performed by bus by taking a single seat the Chairman	 Vice Chairman and Members shall be paid the fare actually paid. (iii) Mileage allowance for journeys between the stations partly connected by rail and partly by bus. For a journey between stations partly connected by rail and partly by bus	 the Chairman	 ' Vice Chairman and Members shall be paid actual railway fare limited to the class of accommodation to which he is entitled and the bus fare actually paid. (iv) Mileage allowance by road. (a) The mileage allowance by road shall be admissible	 at the rates specified below	 for the journeys performed by the Chainnan	 Vice Chairman or Members between stations which are neither connected by rail nor by regular bus : Motor Cycle or Ordinary cycle Other means of con Scooter veyance 12 Paise per mile 9 Paise per mile 25 Paise per mile (b) If a Chairman	 Vice Chairman or Member performs a journey by Motor Cycle	 Scooter	 Ordinary Cycle or by other means of conveyance between the stations connected by rail or regular bus	 the mileage allowance calculated at the rates prescribed 'above for each kind of conveyance shall be limited to rail or bus fare	 had the journey been performed by rail or bus as the case may be. Notes. ( 1 ) A Chairman	 Vice Chairman or Member	 using means of locomotion provided at the expense of the Government	 Panchayat Samiti	 Zila Parishad or any other local authority shall not be entitled to any mileage allowance. (2) A Chairman	 Vice Chairman or Member travelling in a vehicle belonging to any other Member	 Vice Chairman or Chairman shall not be entitled to any mileage allowance. The mileage allowance of the owner of the vehicle shall	 however	 be regulated under clause (iv). 425 7. Subject to the provisions of rule 3	 (1) the daily allowance to a Chairman	 Vice Chairman and Members shall be admissible at the following rates : Category I . Rs. 6.00 per day. Category II . Rs. 4.00 per day. (2) A Chainnan	 Vice Chairman	 or Member shall be allowed : (a) full 'daily allowance for the day he. attends the meeting; (b) full daily allowance for the days of halt in case the halt is for any of the purposes specified in rule 5 above; (c) half daily allowance for the day of departure and half daily allowance for the day of arrival in connection with a journey performed for any of the purposes specified in rule 5: Provided that (i) in the case of a Chairman	 Vice Chairman or Member who is treated as a State guest while attending the meeting or while on duty within or outside the district his daily allowance for such days shall be limited to one fourth if he is provided with free board and lodging and to one half	 if he is charged either for board or for lodging; (ii) not more than one daily allowance shall be admissible for a day in any case. (iii) a Chairman	 Vice Chairman or Member may	 at his option draw one daily allowance in lieu of mileage allowance plus half daily allowance for the day of journey preceding and following the day(s) of halt. " It was alleged that the office of Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti was an office under the State Government of Punjab and that the allowances paid under these Rules made that office an office of profit. Two questions	 therefore	 arose for decision. The first was whether the payment of the allowances under rules 3 to 7 made the office of Chairman of Panchayat Samiti an office of profit	 and the second was whether the office of Chairman of Panchayat Samiti was an office under the State Government. The learned Judge trying the election petition recorded evidence in the trial of the petition up to 31st July	 1967	 and adjourned the case for arguments to 21st August	 1967. On 19th 426 August	 1967	 however	 the Governor of Punjab issued Ordinance No. 10 of 1967 to amend the State Legislature (Prevention of Disqualification) Act	 1952	 so as to add section 2(b) in that Act as follows : "It is hereby further declared that the office of Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti or Zila Parishad shall be deemed never to have disqualified and shall not disqualify the holder thereof for being chosen as	 or for being	 a Member of the Punjab State Legislature." In view of the issue of this Ordinance	 the appellant was allowed to challenge the validity of the Ordinance without amendment of the election petition	 and the learned Judge trying the petition	 being of the view that the various questions involved were of considerable importance and should be settled by a larger Bench	 referred the petition to a Full Bench. The Full Bench held on the first two questions against the appellant	 so that the petition had to be dismissed on that ground. Consequently	 the Full Bench refrained from expressing any opinion on the third question relating to the validity of the Ordinance and passed an order dismissing the petition with costs. In this appeal also	 the same three questions have been again raised by the .appellant. We consider that this appeal can be disposed of on the basis of the answer to the first question alone	 because	 in our opinion	 the High Court came to a correct conclusion in holding that the allowances paid under rules 3 to 7 of the Rules did not convert the office of Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti into an office of profit. The payment to a Chairman	 Panchayat Sanuti	 under r. 3 is described in the rule as 'a monthly consolidated allowance in ' lieu of all other allowances for performing all official duties and journeys concerning the Panchayat Samiti within the disutility	 including attending of meetings	 supervision of plans	 projects	 schemes and other works	 and also for the discharge of all lawful obligations and implementation of Government directives. This provision in very .clear language shows that the allowance paid is not salary	 remuneration or honorarium. It is clearly an allowance paid for the purpose of ensuring that the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti does not have to spend money out of his own pocket for the discharge of his duties. It envisages that	 in performing the duties	 the Chairman must undertake journeys within the district and must be incurring expenditure when attending meetings	 supervising plans	 projects	 schemes and other works and also in connection with the discharge of other lawful obligations and implementation of Government directives. No evidence has been led on behalf of the appellant to show that a Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti does not have to perform such journeys 427 in the course of his official duties and to incur expenditure in that connection. The State Government	 which was the competent authority	 fixed the allowance for a Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti at Rs. 100/ per month	 obviously because it was of the opinion that this sum will be required on an average every month to meet the expenses which the Chairman will have to incur in this connection. In these circumstances	 the burden lay on the appellant to give evidence on the basis of which a definite finding could have been arrived at that the amount of Rs. 100/ per month was excessive and was not required to compensate the Chairman for the expenses to be incurred by him in the discharge of his official duties as envisaged in the rule. That burden clearly has not been even attempted to be discharged by the appellant. In this connection	 the High Court rightly compared rule 3 of the Rules with the earlier provision on the same subject contained in the Punjab Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads NonOfficial Members (Payment of Allowances) Rules	 1961. Under those earlier Rules of 1961	 the Chairman was entitled to draw travelling allowance and daily allowance even when travelling within the district. There were	 however	 certain limitations	 such as that no travelling allowance was to be drawn by a Member	 if the journey was performed for attending a meeting held within a radius of five miles from his place of residence or he performed the journey in a transport provided at the expense of the Zila Parishads/Panchayat Samiris or any other local authority or Government. There were also limitations on the right to draw daily allowance	 e.g.	 the amount of daily allowance was to be limited to 1/4th of the rate provided	 if the Chairman was provided free board and lodging officially and. at 1/2 rate if he was charged either for board or for lodging. It appears that in the year ' 1965	 it was considered desirable that the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti should not draw travelling allowance and daily allowance while performing duties within the district and should only be entitled to these 	allowances when required to travel outside the district. Consequently	 under r. 3 of the Rules	 provision was made for this monthly allowance of Rs. 100/ as a consolidated amount in lieu of the travelling allowance	 daily allowance	 or any other allowances to which he might have been entitled in order to compensate him for expenses incurred in connection with the discharge of his official duties. In these circumstances	 the High Court was perfectly correct in arriving at the conclusion that this allowance of Rs. 100/ per month did not amount to receipt of any profit or gain by the Chairman and only represented the amount which he was expected to spend on an average every month for the purpose of properly discharging his official duties. So far as rules 4 to 7 are concerned they only provide for payment of travelling allowance and daily allowance when a Chair 428 man performs a journey in connection with his official duties outside the district. Clearly	 these allowances are also meant to ensure that he does not have to incur expenditure from his own pocket for the purpose of discharging his official duties. There is again no evidence from which an inference may be drawn that the amount received by a Chairman for travelling allowance or daily allowance is in excess of the amount of expenditure which he would have to incur for 'the purpose of performing the journeys in order to discharge his official duties. Our attention was drawn by learned counsel to the fact that in rule 7 the persons entitled to daily allowance are divided into two categories and a Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti belonging to Category II is entitled to Rs. 6/ per diem when a Member of the. .Samiti belonging to Category II is only entitled to Rs. 4/ per diem. The argument was that there was no explanation for payment at a higher rate to the Chairman and	 consequently	 it must be held that the Chairman must be making gain out of the payment to him of daily allowance. We are unable to accept this submission. The daily allowance is invariably fixed after estimating what extra expenditure in a day the person concerned would have to incur. A Chairman	 it appears	 was expected to incur more expenditure per day than a Member	 and that seems to be the reason why a higher rate of daily allowance was prescribed for him. In any case	 such a payment is clearly meant only to cover additional expenditure and out of pocket expenses of the Chairman and	 while no evidence has been advanced to show that out of the amount received as daily allowance the Chairman will in fact invariably make a saying	 it cannot be held that this payment would result in gain so as to make the office an office of profit. In the course of his submissions	 learned counsel tried to urge that the payment of travelling allowance and daily allowance under rules 3 to 7 was in addition to the payment of the consolidated monthly allowance under r. 3 and payment of two sets of aLlowances must necessarily result in profit to 'the payee. The argument proceeds on a complete misunderstanding of the Rules. Rule 3 only covers payment to compensate a Chairman for journeys performed by him for his official duties within the district in which the Panchayat is situated	 while rules 4 to 7 govern cases where the journey is performed outside the district. Rule 3	 and rules 4 to 7 are	 therefore	 complementary and exclusive of each other. In fact	 r. 5 makes it clear that the mileage allowance is admissible only for journeys undertaken outside the district	 while	 in respect of daily allowance	 the fact that the right to receive it accrues only when the journey is outside the district is made manifest by laying down that the receipt of this daily allowance is to be subject to the provisions of r. 3. The submission that the payment under rules 429 4 to 7 is in addition to the payment under r. 3 is	 thus	 clearly misconceived. In this connection	 learned counsel drew our attention to a decision of this Court in Ravanna Subanna vs G.S. Kaggeerappa(1) where dealing with the provision relating to this disqualification the Court held: "The plain meaning of the expression seems to be that an office must be held under Government to which any pay	 salary	 emoluments or allowance is attached. The word "profit" connotes the idea of pecuniary gain. there is really a gain	 its quantum or amount would not be material; but the amount of money receivable by a person in connection with the office he holds may be material in deciding whether the office really carries any profit. This principle	 on the finding arrived at by the High Court and affirmed by us above	 is of no assistance to the appellant. It is clear that the appellant has failed to establish that the allowances payable under rules 3 to 7 of the Rules result in any pecuniary gain to a Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti and	 consequently	 there is no question of any disqualification arising. The appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. R.K.P.S. Appeal dismissed. (1) A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 653 at p. 656.

Summary:
The appellant who was defeated by the first respondent in the General Election of 1967 to the Punjab Vidhan Sabha	 challenged the latter 's election on the ground that he was disqualified from being chosen as a member of the Assembly because he was holding an office of profit under the State Government at the relevant time. It was admired that the respondent was the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti and it was contended by the appellant that the allowances paid to the Chairman under Rules 3 to 7 of the Punjab panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishads	 Non Official Members (Payment of Allowances) Rules	 1965	 made that office an office of profit. The High Court dismissed that election petition and on appeal to this Court	 HELD: The High Court came to a correct conclusion in holding that the allowances paid under Rules 3 to 7 did not convert the office of Chairman of Panchayat Samiti into an office of profit. The payment to a Chairman under r. 3 is described in the rule as a monthly consolidated allowance in lieu of all other allowances for performing all official duties and journeys concerning the Panchayat Samiti within the district. This provision clearly shows that the allowance paid is not salary	 remuneration or honorarium but an allowance paid for the purpose of ensuring that the Chairman of a Panchayat Samiti does not have to spend money out of his own pocket for the discharge of his duties. The burden which lay on the appellant to show that the allowance of Rs. 100/ per month was excessive and was not required to compensate the Chairman for his actual expenses had not been discharged. [426 F G	 427 B C] Rules 4 to 7 only provide for payment of traveling allowance and daily allowance when a Chairman performs a journey in connection with his official duties outside the district. There is again no evidence from which it could be inferred that the amount received by a Chairman was in excess of his actual expenditure. [427 H 428 B] There was no force in the contention that the payment of traveling allowance under Rules 3 to 7 was in addition to the payment of the consolidated monthly allowance under Rule 3 and payment of two sets of allowances must necessarily result in profit to the payee. Rule 3 only covers payment to compensate a Chairman for journeys performed by him for his official duties within the district in which the Panchayat is situated	 while rules 4 to 7 govern cases where the journey is performed outside the district. [428 F G] Ravanna Subanna vs G. section Kaggeerappa	 A.I.R. 1954 S.C. 653 at p. 656; distinguished.