hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company records allowances for doubtful accounts based on customer-specific analysis and general matters such as current assessment of past due balances and economic conditions. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $55,039 and $65,542 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Management identifies a delinquent customer based upon the delinquent payment status of an outstanding invoice, generally greater than 30 days past due date. The delinquent account designation does not trigger an accounting transaction until such time the account is deemed uncollectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined by examining the reserve history and any outstanding invoices that are over 30 days past due as of the end of the reporting period. Accounts are deemed uncollectible on a case-by-case basis, at management’s discretion based upon an examination of the communication with the delinquent customer and payment history. Typically, accounts are only escalated to “uncollectible” status after multiple attempts at collection have proven unsuccessful.
The allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Beginning balance | $65,542 | $22,173
Provision charged to expense | 29,849 | 55,152
Deductions | (40,352) | (11,783)
Ending balance | 55,039 | $65,542


Question: What is the change in beginning balance of allowance of doubtful accounts from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 43369
Calculation: 65,542-22,173
18. Geographic Information
Revenue by geography is based on the customer's billing address, and was as follows:
No individual international country represented more than 10% of total revenue in any period presented.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
U.S. | $1,979.6 | $1,723.9 | 1,504.5
International | 1,008.5 | 936.2 | 727.4
 | $2,988.1 | $2,660.1 | $2,231.9


Question: What is the U.S. revenue for year ended December 31, 2019 ?
Answer: $1,979.6
Fees Billed by Ernst & Young LLP
The table below shows the fees billed by EY for audit and other services provided to the Company in fiscal years 2019 and 2018.
Figure 48. FY2019/2018 Fees Billed by Ernst & Young LLP
(1) Audit Fees represent fees for professional services provided in connection with the audits of annual financial statements. Audit Fees also include reviews of quarterly financial statements, audit services related to other statutory or regulatory filings or engagements, and fees related to EY’s audit of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting pursuant to section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
(2) Audit-Related Fees represent fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees”. These fees principally include due diligence and accounting consultation fees in connection with our acquisition of Coventor, Inc. in 2018 and an information systems audit in 2019.
(3) Tax Fees represent fees for professional services for tax planning, tax compliance and review services related to foreign tax compliance and assistance with tax audits and appeals.
The audit committee reviewed summaries of the services provided by EY and the related fees during fiscal year 2019 and has determined that the provision of non-audit services was compatible with maintaining the independence of EY as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The audit committee or its delegate approved 100% of the services and related fee amounts for services provided by EY during fiscal year 2019.
Table:
 | Fiscal Year 2019 ($) | Fiscal Year 2018 ($)
AuditFees(1) | 4,703,830 | 4,605,495
Audit-RelatedFees(2) | 27,000 | 90,500
TaxFees(3) | 194,170 | 34,888
AllOtherFees | — | —
TOTAL | 4,925,000 | 4,730,883


Question: What do the audit-related fees represent?
Answer: fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported above under “Audit Fees”
9. DEFERRED REVENUES
Deferred revenues consisted of the following:
Deferred cloud services and license support revenues and deferred hardware revenues substantially represent customer payments made in advance for cloud or support contracts that are typically billed in advance with corresponding revenues generally being recognized ratably over the contractual periods. Deferred services revenues include prepayments for our services business and revenues for these services are generally recognized as the services are performed. Deferred cloud license and on-premise license revenues typically resulted from customer payments that related to undelivered products and services or specified enhancements.
In connection with our acquisitions, we have estimated the fair values of the cloud services and license support performance obligations assumed from our acquired companies. We generally have estimated the fair values of these obligations assumed using a cost build-up approach. The cost build-up approach determines fair value by estimating the costs related to fulfilling the obligations plus a normal profit margin. The sum of the costs and operating profit approximates, in theory, the amount that we would be required to pay a third party to assume these acquired obligations. These aforementioned fair value adjustments recorded for obligations assumed from our acquisitions reduced the cloud services and license support deferred revenues balances that we recorded as liabilities from these acquisitions and also reduced the resulting revenues that we recognized or will recognize over the terms of the acquired obligations during the post-combination periods.
Table:
 |  | May 31,
(in millions) | 2019 | 2018
Cloud services and license support | $7,340 | $7,265
Hardware | 635 | 645
Services | 360 | 404
Cloud license and on-premise license | 39 | 27
Deferred revenues, current | 8,374 | 8,341
Deferred revenues, non-current (in other non-current liabilities) | 669 | 625
Total deferred revenues | $9,043 | $8,966


Question: When are deferred services revenue recognized?
Answer: Deferred services revenues include prepayments for our services business and revenues for these services are generally recognized as the services are performed.
Property and equipment, net (in millions):
In September 2017, we entered into an agreement to sell certain land and buildings located in Sunnyvale, California, with a book value of $118 million, for a total of $306 million, through two separate and independent closings. Upon the completion of the first closing in fiscal 2018, we consummated the sale of properties with a net book value of $66 million for cash proceeds of $210 million, resulting in a gain, net of direct selling costs, of $142 million. The remaining properties, consisting of land with a net book value of $52 million, were classified as assets held-for-sale, and included as other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets as of April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018. We will consummate the sale of these properties, and receive cash proceeds of $96 million, upon the completion of the second closing, which is expected to occur within the next 12 months. That closing is subject to due diligence, certain termination rights and customary closing conditions, including local governmental approval of the subdivision of a land parcel.
Table:
 | April 26, 2019 | April 27, 2018
Land | $ 106 | $ 106
Buildings and improvements | 605 | 594
Leasehold improvements | 86 | 88
Computer, production, engineering and other equipment | 817 | 733
Computer software | 357 | 357
Furniture and fixtures | 105 | 99
Construction-in-progress | 10 | 27
 | 2,086 | 2,004
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,327 ) | (1,248 )
Property and equipment, net | $ 759 | $ 756


Question: What was the change in Computer, production, engineering and other equipment between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 84
Calculation: 817-733
Product warranty liabilities:
Equipment and software systems sales include a standard product warranty. The following tables summarize the activity related to product warranty liabilities and their balances as reported in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
Table:
 | Year Ended | 
 | April 26, 2019 | April 27, 2018
Balance at beginning of period | $ 40 | $ 50
Expense accrued during the period | 22 | 16
Warranty costs incurred | (22) | (26)
Balance at end of period | $ 40 | $ 40
Total warranty liabilities | $ 40 | $  40


Question: What was the change in expense accrued during the period between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 6
Calculation: 22-16
Due To/From Related Parties, Net
Amounts due to and from related parties, net as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
(1) Includes an immaterial amount related to our current operating lease liabilities due to related parties as of January 31, 2020.
We also recognized an immaterial amount related to non-current operating lease liabilities due to related parties. This amount has been included in operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2020.
Amounts included in due from related parties, net, excluding DFS and tax obligations, includes the current portion of amounts due to and due from related parties. Amounts included in due from related parties, net are generally settled in cash within 60 days of each quarter-end.
Table:
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019
Due from related parties, current | $1,618 | $1,248
Due to related parties, current(1) | 161 | 158
Due from related parties, net, current | $1,457 | $1,090


Question: What was the amount due to related parties, current in 2020?
Answer: 161
Interest and Other Expense, Net
The following table sets forth the components of interest and other expense, net:
Interest and other expense, net, positively changed by $30.5 million during fiscal 2019, as compared to fiscal 2018, primarily driven by curtailment gains on our pension plans, mark-to-market gains on certain of our privately-held strategic investments, realized gains on sales of strategic investments, offset by an increase in interest expense resulting from our term loan entered into on December 17, 2018 in aggregate principal amount of $500 million and mark-to-market losses on marketable securities.
Interest and other expense, net, increased $24.0 million during fiscal 2018, as compared to fiscal 2017, primarily related to increases in impairment losses on certain of our privately-held strategic investments and interest expense resulting from our June 2017 issuance of $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.5% notes due June 15, 2027.
Interest expense and investment income fluctuates based on average cash, marketable securities and debt balances, average maturities and interest rates.
Gains and losses on foreign currency are primarily due to the impact of re-measuring foreign currency transactions and net monetary assets into the functional currency of the corresponding entity. The amount of the gain or loss on foreign currency is driven by the volume of foreign currency transactions and the foreign currency exchange rates for the year
Table:
 |  | Fiscal year ended January 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (in millions) | 
Interest and investment expense, net | $(52.1) | $(34.5) | $(29.7)
Gain (loss) on foreign currency | 5.1 | (3.3) | (3.3)
Gain (loss) on strategic investments | 12.5 | (16.4) | 0.3
Other income | 16.8 | 6.0 | 8.5
Interest and other expense, net | $(17.7) | $(48.2) | $(24.2)


Question: What is the total net interest and other expenses for all 3 years?
Answer: 90.1
Calculation: 17.7+48.2+24.2
3 Investments
The investment in Sophos Holdings Limited, a holding company for the Sophos Group, comprises 100% of the ordinary share capital.
The investment in Sophos Limited comprises share-based payment expenses for equity awards granted to participants employed by Sophos Limited and its subsidiaries.
Table:
 | 31 March 2019 | 31 March 2018
 | $M | $M
Investment in Sophos Holdings Limited | 1,035.8 | 1,035.8
Investment in Sophos Limited | 94.8 | 63.3
At 31 March | 1,130.6 | 1,099.1


Question: What was the change in the amount of Investment in Sophos Limited in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 31.5
Calculation: 94.8-63.3
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, checking accounts, money market accounts and temporary investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had no cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
In connection with certain transactions, the Company may be required to deposit assets, including cash or investment shares, in escrow accounts. The assets held in escrow are subject to various contingencies that may exist with respect to such transactions. Upon resolution of those contingencies or the expiration of the escrow period, some or all the escrow amounts may be used and the balance released to the Company. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $72,000 and $140,000, respectively, deposited in escrow as restricted cash for the Shoom acquisition, of which any amounts not subject to claims shall be released to the pre-acquisition stockholders of Shoom pro-rata on the next anniversary dates of the closing date of the Shoom acquisition. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, $72,000 and $70,000, respectively, was current and included in Prepaid Assets and Other Current Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, $0 and $70,000 was non-current and included in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported in the balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts show in the statement of cash flows.
Table:
 | For the Years Ended December 31, | 
(in thousands)  | 2019 | 2018
Cash and cash equivalents | $4,777 | $1,008
Restricted cash | 72 | 70
Restricted cash included in other assets, noncurrent | --    | 70
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the balance sheet  | 4,849 | $1,148


Question: What does cash and cash equivalents consist of?
Answer: cash, checking accounts, money market accounts and temporary investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased.
27 Financial risk management (continued)
The table below summarises the Group’s exposure to foreign exchange risk as well as the foreign exchange rates applied:
The approximate impact of a 10 per cent appreciation in foreign exchange rates would be a positive movement of £50.0 million (2018: £63.4 million) to equity attributable to owners of the Group. The approximate impact of a 10 per cent depreciation in foreign exchange rates would be a negative movement of £40.9 million (2018: £51.9 million) to equity attributable to owners of the Group. There is no material income statement impact as these exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income.
As part of the strategy to mitigate the Group’s exposure to foreign exchange risk, the Group is able to borrow part of its RCF in euros, up to €100 million. The RCF borrowings denominated in euros have been designated as a hedging instrument (net investment hedge) against the Group’s net investment in Spain with the hedged risk being the changes in the euro/pounds sterling spot rate that will result in changes in the value of the Group’s net investments in Spain. At 31 December 2019, €100 million (2018: €100 million) was drawn in euros.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018
 | €m | €m | INRm | INRm
Net exposure | 468.9 | 555.7 | 5,072.4 | 6,274.5
Foreign exchange rate | 1.1825 | 1.1126 | 94.4586 | 88.3432


Question: What is the net exposure to foreign exchange risk (euro) in 2018?
Answer: 555.7
General and Administrative Expense
General and administrative expense increased by $15.4 million in 2019 compared to 2018. The increase was primarily due to a $9.8 million increase in employee-related costs, which includes stock-based compensation, associated with our increased headcount from 89 employees as of December 31, 2018 to 113 employees as of December 31, 2019. There was an additional increase of $3.7 million in depreciation and amortization, $0.8 million to support compliance as a public company, a $0.6 million increase in office related expenses to support the administrative team, and an increase of $0.2 million in software subscription costs.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | Change | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | $ | %
 |  | (dollars in thousands) |  | 
General and administrative | $ 46,820 | $ 31,462 | $ 15,358 | 48.8%
% of revenue | 23% | 21% |  | 


Question: What was the increase in the cost of depreciation and amortization from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: $3.7 million
TERM DEPOSITS
An analysis of the Group’s term deposits by currencies are as follows:
The effective interest rate for the term deposits of the Group with initial terms of over three months to three years during the year ended 31 December 2019 was 3.57% (2018: 4.08%).
Term deposits with initial terms of over three months were neither past due nor impaired. As at 31 December 2019, the carrying amounts of the term deposits with initial terms of over three months approximated their fair values.
Table:
 | As at 31 December | 
 | 2019 | 2018
 | RMB’Million | RMB’Million
Included in non-current assets: |  | 
RMB term deposits | 19,000 | –
Included in current assets: |  | 
RMB term deposits | 28,598 | 55,180
USD term deposits | 16,325 | 6,349
Other currencies | 1,988 | 1,389
 | 46,911 | 62,918
 | 65,911 | 62,918


Question: What was the effective interest rate for the Group's term deposits during the year ended 31 December 2019?
Answer: 3.57%
NOTE 8—INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
At September 30, 2019, work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts includes approximately $5.8 million in costs incurred outside the scope of work or in advance of a contract award compared to $0.9 million at September 30, 2018. We believe it is probable that we will recover the costs inventoried at September 30, 2019, plus a profit margin, under contract change orders or awards within the next year.
Costs we incur for certain U.S. federal government contracts include general and administrative costs as allowed by government cost accounting standards. The amounts remaining in inventory at September 30, 2019 and 2018 were $0.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
Table:
 |  | September 30,
 | 2019 | 2018
Finished products | $10,905 | $7,099
Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts | 46,951 | 63,169
Materials and purchased parts | 48,938 | 23,710
Customer advances | — | (9,779)
Net inventories | $  106,794 | $  84,199


Question: What are the components that make up the net inventories?
Answer: Finished products, Work in process and inventoried costs under long-term contracts, Materials and purchased parts, Customer advances
GreenSky, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (United States Dollars in thousands, except per share data, unless otherwise stated)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash includes non-interest and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts with various financial institutions. Cash equivalents include money market mutual fund accounts, which are invested in government securities. We consider all highly liquid investments that mature three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts of our cash equivalents approximate their fair values due to their short maturities and highly liquid nature. Refer to Note 3 for additional information.
At times, our cash balances may exceed federally insured amounts and potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk. The Company believes that no significant concentration of credit risk exists with respect to these balances based on its assessment of the creditworthiness and financial viability of these financial institutions. Further, our cash equivalents may expose us to credit risk; however, we believe this risk is limited, as the investments are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily consists of interest-bearing escrow accounts that are required under the terms of the contracts with our Bank Partners. Restricted cash is typically comprised of three components: (i) amounts we have escrowed with Bank Partners as limited protection to the Bank Partners in the event of excess Bank Partner portfolio credit losses; (ii) additional amounts we maintain for certain Bank Partners based on a contractual percentage of the total interest billed on outstanding deferred interest loans that are within the promotional period less previous finance charge reversal ("FCR") settlements on such outstanding loans; and (iii) certain custodial intransit loan funding and consumer borrower payments that we are restricted from using for our operations. These custodial balances are not considered in our evaluation of restricted cash usage. As it relates to our restricted cash escrowed with Bank Partners, we record a liability for the amount of restricted cash we expect to be payable to our Bank Partners, which is accounted for as a financial guarantee. Refer to Note 14 for additional information.
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total included within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of the dates indicated.
Table:
 |  | December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Cash and cash equivalents | $195,760 | $303,390 | $224,614
Restricted cash | 250,081 | 155,109 | 129,224
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $445,841 | $458,499 | $353,838


Question: What does Cash include?
Answer: non-interest and interest-bearing demand deposit accounts with various financial institutions.
7 Trade and other payables
(i) Recognition and measurement
Trade and other payables, including accruals, are recorded when the Group is required to make future payments as a result of purchases of assets or services provided to the Group prior to the end of financial period. The amounts are unsecured and are usually paid within 30 days of recognition. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months from the reporting date. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
(ii) Fair values of trade and other payables
Due to the short-term nature of trade and other payables, their carrying amount is considered to be the same as their fair value.
(iii) Risk Exposure
As the majority of payables are in Australian dollars, management does not believe there are any significant risks in relation to these financial liabilities. Refer to note 15 for details of the Group’s financial risk management policies.
Table:
 | 30 June 2019 | 30 June 2018
 | $'000 | $'000
Trade payables | 44,840 | 27,640
Accrued capital expenditure | 5,841 | 1,767
Accrued expenses | 2,848 | 2,114
Other creditors | 3,117 | 2,888
Total trade and other payables | 56,646 | 34,409


Question: How was trade payables recognised and measured?
Answer: recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.