hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Export sales from the U.S. during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $531.8, $578.0 and $512.5, respectively. In the year ended December 31, 2019, these exports were shipped primarily to Asia (33%), Europe (24%), Canada (18%), Middle East (13%) and other (12%).
Sales to customers outside the U.S. accounted for a significant portion of Roper’s revenues. Sales are attributed to geographic areas based upon the location where the product is ultimately shipped. Roper’s net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are shown below by region, except for Canada, which is presented separately as it is the only country in which Roper has had greater than 4% of total revenues for any of the three years presented:
Table:
 | Application Software | Network Software & Systems | Measurement & Analytical MeasurementSolutions | Process Technologies | Total
2019 |  |  |  |  | 
Canada | $   41.0 | $   71.1 | $   81.4 | $   28.9 | $ 222.4
Europe | 188.8 | 36.7 | 307.2 | 113.8 | 646.5
Asia | 3.5 | 18.8 | 185.0 | 108.0 | 315.3
Middle East | 8.6 | 37.5 | 13.1 | 44.4 | 103.6
Rest of the world | 25.8 | 9.5 | 45.3 | 55.2 | 135.8
Total | $ 267.7 | $ 173.6 | $ 632.0 | $ 350.3 | $ 1,423.6
2018 |  |  |  |  | 
Canada | $   38.5 | $   58.5 | $   79.3 | $   35.0 | $    211.3
Europe | 188.6 | 12.2 | 361.7 | 117.5 | 680.0
Asia | 3.2 | 11.0 | 220.3 | 115.4 | 349.9
Middle East | 4.7 | 48.6 | 14.4 | 34.4 | 102.1
Rest of the world | 29.5 | 7.8 | 42.5 | 55.0 | 134.8
Total | $  264.5 | $  138.1 | $  718.2 | $  357.3 | $  1,478.1
2017 |  |  |  |  | 
Canada | $   26.6 | $   52.9 | $   72.9 | $   34.7 | $    187.1
Europe | 176.5 | 11.0 | 310.6 | 98.1 | 596.2
Asia | 2.4 | 7.3 | 205.9 | 109.8 | 325.4
Middle East | 4.8 | 58.8 | 13.4 | 35.5 | 112.5
Rest of the world | 23.2 | 6.1 | 42.0 | 48.7 | 120.0
Total | $  233.5 | $  136.1 | $  644.8 | $  326.8 | $  1,341.2


Question: What are the proportions of export sales from the U.S. to Asia and Europe, respectively? 
Answer: 33%, 24%
Note 7 – Equipment, Leasehold Improvements and Software
Equipment, leasehold improvements and software as of December 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018 consisted of the following:
Construction-in-process at December 27, 2019 related primarily to the implementation of the Company’s Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system and at December 28, 2018 related primarily to the implementation of the Company’s ERP system and the buildout of the Company’s headquarters in Ridgefield, CT. The buildout of the Company’s headquarters was completed during fiscal 2019. The rollout of its ERP system will continue through fiscal 2020. The net book value of equipment financed under finance leases at December 27, 2019 and December 28, 2018 was $3,905 and $388, respectively. No interest expense was capitalized during the fiscal years ended December 27, 2019, December 28, 2018 and December 29, 2017.
Table:
 | Useful Lives | December 27, 2019  | December 28, 2018
Land | Indefinite | $1,170 | $1,170
Buildings | 20 years | 1,360 | 1,292
Machinery and equipment | 5-10 years | 21,718 | 17,837
Computers, data processing and other equipment | 3-7 years | 12,686 | 11,244
Software | 3-7 years | 29,305 | 22,779
Leasehold improvements | 1-40 years | 70,903 | 60,565
Furniture and fixtures | 7 years | 3,309 | 3,268
Vehicles | 5-7 years | 6,410 | 2,769
Other | 7 years | 95 | 95
Construction-in-process    |  | 9,200 | 15,757
 |  | 156,156 | 136,776
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization    |  | (63,310) | (51,500)
Equipment, leasehold improvements and software, net |  | $92,846 | $85,276


Question: What is the average value of buildings for 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 1326
Calculation: (1,360+ 1,292)/2
Stock Options
Stock options are granted with exercise prices equal to the fair market value of Leidos' common stock on the date of grant and for terms not greater than ten years. Stock options have a term of seven years and a vesting period of four years, except for stock options granted to the Company's outside directors, which have a vesting period of the earlier of one year from grant date or the next annual meeting of stockholders following grant date.
The fair value of the Company's stock option awards is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes- Merton option-pricing model. The fair value of the Company's stock option awards to employees are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of four years, except for stock options granted to the Company's outside directors, which is recognized over the vesting period of one year or less.
During fiscal 2017, the Company ceased the usage of peer group volatility, as an input into its blended approach to measure expected volatility, and increased the reliance on historical volatility. The revised blended approach includes the Company's weighted average historical and implied volatilities. The Company continued the use of this approach during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019.
The risk-free rate is derived using the yield curve of a zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond with a maturity equal to the expected term of the stock option on the grant date. During fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2018, Leidos utilized the simplified method for the expected term, which represented an appropriate period of time that the options granted were expected to remain outstanding between the weighted-average vesting period and end of the respective contractual term.
Upon re-examining the Company's exercise history, the methodology used to calculate the expected term changed in fiscal 2019. Based on actual historical settlement data, the midpoint scenario is utilized with a one-year grant date filter assumption for outstanding options. The Company uses historical data to estimate forfeitures and was derived in the same manner as in the prior years presented.
The weighted average grant-date fair value and assumptions used to determine fair value of stock options granted for the periods presented were as follows:
Table:
 |  | Year Ended | 
 | January 3, 2020 | December 28, 2018 | December 29, 2017
Weighted average grant-date fair value | $11.89 | $13.85 | $11.53
Expected term (in years) | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.7
Expected volatility | 24.3% | 26.6% | 29.7%
Risk-free interest rate | 2.4% | 2.6% | 1.9%
Dividend yield | 2.2% | 2.0% | 2.5%


Question: What was the change in the Risk-free interest rate from 2017 to 2018?
Answer: 0.7
Calculation: 2.6 - 1.9
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected consolidated statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of total revenues. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period (in thousands):
Table:
 |  | Year ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Revenues |  |  | 
Subscriptions | $817,811 | $612,888 | $465,254
Other | 85,047 | 60,736 | 38,363
Total revenues | 902,858 | 673,624 | 503,617
Cost of revenues |  |  | 
Subscriptions | 160,320 | 109,454 | 89,193
Other | 70,723 | 47,675 | 32,078
Total cost of revenues | 231,043 | 157,129 | 121,271
Gross profit | 671,815 | 516,495 | 382,346
Operating expenses |  |  | 
Research and development | 136,363 | 101,042 | 75,148
Sales and marketing | 439,100 | 329,116 | 240,223
General and administrative | 142,027 | 102,773 | 72,313
Total operating expenses | 717,490 | 532,931 | 387,684
Loss from operations | (45,675) | (16,436) | (5,338)
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 
Interest expense | (20,512) | (16,102) | (99)
Other income, net | 9,247 | 6,475 | 1,491
Other income (expense), net | (11,265) | (9,627) | 1,392
Loss before income taxes | (56,940) | (26,063) | (3,946)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | (3,333) | 140 | 258
Net loss | $(53,607) | $(26,203) | $(4,204)


Question: What are the respective subscription revenue in 2017, 2018 and 2019?
Answer: $465,254, $612,888, $817,811
Operating Income (Loss) by Business Unit
Percentages reflect operating income (loss) as a percentage of revenue for each business unit.
CNBU operating income for 2019 decreased from 2018 primarily due to declines in pricing and higher R&D costs, partially offset by cost reductions. MBU operating income for 2019 decreased from 2018 primarily due to declines in pricing partially offset by increases in sales of high-value managed NAND products and manufacturing cost reductions. SBU operating margin for 2019 declined from 2018 primarily due to declines in pricing, which were partially offset by manufacturing cost reductions and increases in sales volumes. SBU operating results for 2019 and 2018 were adversely impacted by the underutilization charges at IMFT. EBU operating income for 2019 decreased from 2018 as a result of declines in pricing and higher R&D costs partially offset by manufacturing cost reductions and increases in sales volumes.
CNBU operating income for 2018 improved from 2017 primarily due to improved pricing and higher sales volumes resulting from strong demand for our products combined with manufacturing cost reductions. MBU operating income for 2018 improved from 2017 primarily due to increases in pricing and sales volumes for LPDRAM products, higher sales of high-value managed NAND products, and manufacturing cost reductions. SBU operating income for 2018 improved from 2017 primarily due to manufacturing cost reductions enabled by our execution in transitioning to 64-layer TLC 3D NAND products and improvements in product mix. SBU operating income for 2018 was adversely impacted by higher costs associated with IMFT's production of 3D XPoint memory products at less than full capacity. EBU operating income for 2018 increased as compared to 2017 as a result of increases in average selling prices, manufacturing cost reductions, and increases in sales volumes, partially offset by higher R&D costs.
Table:
For the year ended | 2019 | 2019 | 2018 | 2018 | 2017 | 2017
CNBU | $4,645 | 47% | $9,773 | 64% | $3,755 | 44%
MBU | 2,606 | 41% | 3,033 | 46% | 927 | 21%
SBU | (386) | (10)% | 964 | 19% | 552 | 12%
EBU | 923 | 29% | 1,473 | 42% | 975 | 36%
All Other | 13 | 18% | — | —% | 23 | 35%
 | $7,801 |  | $15,243 |  | $6,232 | 


Question: What is the difference between EBU operating income in 2017 and 2018?
Answer: 498
Calculation: 1,473 - 975
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
NM—Not meaningful
Total selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense increased 6.4 percent in 2019 versus 2018, driven primarily by the following factors: • Higher spending (5 points) driven by Red Hat spending (5 points); and • Higher acquisition-related charges and amortization of acquired intangible assets associated with the Red Hat acquisition (3 points); partially offset by • The effects of currency (2 points).
Operating (non-GAAP) expense increased 3.4 percent year to year primarily driven by the same factors excluding the acquisition-related charges and amortization of acquired intangible assets associated with the Red Hat transaction.
Table:
($ in millions) |  |  | 
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018 | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent Change
Selling, general and administrative expense |  |  | 
Selling, general and administrative—other | $17,099 | $16,438 | 4.0%
Advertising and promotional expense | 1,647 | 1,466 | 12.3
Workforce rebalancing charges | 555 | 598 | (7.2)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 762 | 435 | 74.9
Stock-based compensation | 453 | 361 | 25.2
Bad debt expense | 89 | 67 | 32.5
Total consolidated selling, general and administrative expense | $20,604 | $19,366 | 6.4%
Non-operating adjustments |  |  | 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | (762) | (435) | 74.9
Acquisition-related charges | (282) | (15) | NM
Operating (non-GAAP) selling, general and administrative expense | $19,560 | $18,915 | 3.4%


Question: What caused the Total selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense to increase?
Answer: Higher spending (5 points) driven by Red Hat spending (5 points); and • Higher acquisition-related charges and amortization of acquired intangible assets associated with the Red Hat acquisition (3 points); partially offset by • The effects of currency (2 points).
Other Current Liabilities
The components of other current liabilities are included in the following table (in thousands):
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Operating lease liabilities | $15,049 | $ —
Vendor financed licenses | 9,667 | 3,551
Royalties payable | 6,107 | 11,318
Accrued interest | 9,212 | 8,407
Other | 36,936 | 38,412
Total other current liabilities | $76,971 | $61,688


Question: What was the change in accrued interest between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 805
Calculation: 9,212-8,407
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued) Fiscal Years Ended May 26, 2019, May 27, 2018, and May 28, 2017 (columnar dollars in millions except per share amounts) Lamb Weston Spinoff
On November 9, 2016, we completed the Spinoff of our Lamb Weston business. As of such date, we did not beneficially own any equity interest in Lamb Weston and no longer consolidated Lamb Weston into our financial results. The business results were previously reported in the Commercial segment. We reflected the results of this business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
The summary comparative financial results of the Lamb Weston business through the date of the Spinoff, included within discontinued operations, were as follows:
During fiscal 2017, we incurred $74.8 million of expenses in connection with the Spinoff primarily related to professional fees and contract services associated with preparation of regulatory filings and separation activities. These expenses are reflected in income from discontinued operations. During fiscal 2019 and 2018, we recognized income tax expense of $2.8 million and an income tax benefit of $14.5 million, respectively, due to adjustments of the estimated deductibility of these costs.
In connection with the Spinoff, total assets of $2.28 billion and total liabilities of $2.98 billion (including debt of $2.46 billion) were transferred to Lamb Weston. As part of the consideration for the Spinoff, the Company received a cash payment from Lamb Weston in the amount of $823.5 million. See Note 4 for discussion of the debt-for-debt exchange related to the Spinoff.
We entered into a transition services agreement in connection with the Lamb Weston Spinoff and recognized $2.2 million and $4.2 million of income for the performance of services during fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively, classified within SG&A expenses.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Net sales | $— | $— | $1,407.9
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes and equity method investment earnings | $— | $(0.3) | $172.3
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity method investment earnings | — | (0.3) | 172.3
Income tax expense (benefit) | 2.8 | (14.6) | 87.5
Equity method investment earnings | — | — | 15.9
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax . | (2.8) | 14.3 | 100.7
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests . | — | — | 6.8
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Conagra Brands, Inc | $(2.8) | $14.3 | $93.9


Question: What is the net profit margin in 2017?
Answer: 0.07
Calculation: 93.9/1,407.9
STOCK OPTIONS
Under BCE’s long-term incentive plans, BCE may grant options to executives to buy BCE common shares. The subscription price of a grant is based on the higher of: • the volume-weighted average of the trading price on the trading day immediately prior to the effective date of the grant • the volume-weighted average of the trading price for the last five consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the effective date of the grant
At December 31, 2019, 7,524,891 common shares were authorized for issuance under these plans. Options vest fully after three years of continuous employment from the date of grant. All options become exercisable when they vest and can be exercised for a period of seven years from the date of grant for options granted prior to 2019 and ten years from the date of grant for options granted in 2019.
The following table summarizes BCE’s outstanding stock options at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
(1) The weighted average market share price for options exercised was $62 in 2019 and $55 in 2018.
Table:
 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 | 
 | NOTE | NUMBER OF OPTIONS | WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE ($) | NUMBER OF OPTIONS | WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE ($)
Outstanding, January 1 |  | 14,072,332 | 56 | 10,490,249 | 55
Granted |  | 3,357,303 | 58 | 3,888,693 | 56
Exercised (1) | 27 | (4,459,559) | 54 | (266,941) | 42
Forfeited |  | (144,535) | 58 | (39,669) | 58
Outstanding, December 31 |  | 12,825,541 | 57 | 14,072,332 | 56
Exercisable, December 31 |  | 2,786,043 | 56 | 4,399,588 | 52


Question: Which years have the weighted average market share price for options exercised provided?
Answer: 2019, 2018
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $343.6 million and $566.3 million, respectively. We finance our operations primarily through sales to our customers and a majority of our customers are billed monthly. For customers with annual or multi-year contracts and those who opt for annual invoicing, we generally invoice only one annual period in advance and all invoicing occurs at the start of the respective subscription period. Revenue is deferred for such advanced billings. We also finance our operations from proceeds from issuance of stock under our stock plans, and proceeds from issuance of debt. We believe that our operations and existing liquidity sources will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next 12 months
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenue growth and costs incurred to support customer growth, acquisitions and expansions, sales and marketing, research and development, increased general and administrative expenses to support the anticipated growth in our operations, and capital equipment required to support our growing headcount and in support of our co-location data center facilities. Our capital expenditures in future periods are expected to grow in line with our business. We continually evaluate our capital needs and may decide to raise additional capital to fund the growth of our business, to further strengthen our balance sheet, or for general corporate purposes through public or private equity offerings or through additional debt financing. We also may in the future make investments in or acquire businesses or technologies that could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Access to additional capital may not be available, or on favorable terms
The table below provides selected cash flow information for the periods indicated (in thousands)
Table:
 |  | Year ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Net cash provided by operating activities | $64,846 | $72,130 | $41,165
Net cash used in investing activities | (296,780) | (83,448) | (26,387)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 9,042 | 397,255 | 6,783
Effect of exchange rate changes | 169 | (800) | (724)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $(222,723) | 385,137 | 20,837


Question: What are the respective net cash provided by operating activities between 2017 to 2019?
Answer: $41,165, $72,130, $64,846
table of contents valero energy corporation and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) commodity price risk we are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of crude oil , refined products ( primarily gasoline and distillate ) , grain ( primarily corn ) , and natural gas used in our operations . to reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows , we use commodity derivative instruments , including futures , swaps , and options . we use the futures markets for the available liquidity , which provides greater flexibility in transacting our hedging and trading operations . we use swaps primarily to manage our price exposure . our positions in commodity derivative instruments are monitored and managed on a daily basis by a risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy that has been approved by our board of directors . for risk management purposes , we use fair value hedges , cash flow hedges , and economic hedges . in addition to the use of derivative instruments to manage commodity price risk , we also enter into certain commodity derivative instruments for trading purposes . our objective for entering into each type of hedge or trading derivative is described below . fair value hedges fair value hedges are used to hedge price volatility in certain refining inventories and firm commitments to purchase inventories . the level of activity for our fair value hedges is based on the level of our operating inventories , and generally represents the amount by which our inventories differ from our previous year-end lifo inventory levels . as of december 31 , 2011 , we had the following outstanding commodity derivative instruments that were entered into to hedge crude oil and refined product inventories and commodity derivative instruments related to the physical purchase of crude oil and refined products at a fixed price . the information presents the notional volume of outstanding contracts by type of instrument and year of maturity ( volumes in thousands of barrels ) . notional contract volumes by year of maturity derivative instrument 2012 .

Table:
derivative instrument | notional contract volumes by year of maturity 2012
crude oil and refined products: | 
futures 2013 long | 15398
futures 2013 short | 35708
physical contracts 2013 long | 20310
.

Question: how many total derivative instruments matured by 2012?
Answer: 71416
Calculation: add(15398, 35708), add(#0, 20310)
Note 3 – Inventories, net
Inventories consisted of the following:
Table:
 |  | December 31,
 | 2019 | 2018
Ingredients | $ 1,942 | $ 1,580
Packaging | 2,230 | 2,072
Finished goods | 2,220 | 2,165
Total inventories, net | $ 6,392 | $ 5,817


Question: What is the change in finished goods between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 55
Calculation: 2,220-2,165