hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
The failed-sale-leaseback accounting treatment had the following effects on our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
After factoring in the costs to sell the data centers and colocation business, excluding the impact from the failed-sale-leaseback accounting treatment, the sale resulted in a $20 million gain as a result of the aggregate value of the proceeds we received exceeding the carrying value of the assets sold and liabilities assumed. Based on the fair market values of the failed-sale-leaseback assets, the failed-sale-leaseback accounting treatment resulted in a loss of $102 million as a result of the requirement to treat a certain amount of the pre-tax cash proceeds from the sale of the assets as though it were the result of a financing obligation. The combined net loss of $82 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Effective November 3, 2016, which is the date we entered into the agreement to sell a portion of our data centers and colocation business, we ceased recording depreciation of the property, plant and equipment to be sold and amortization of the business’s intangible assets in accordance with applicable accounting rules. Otherwise, we estimate that we would have recorded additional depreciation and amortization expense of $67 million from January 1, 2017 through May 1, 2017.
Upon adopting ASU 2016-02, accounting for the failed sale leaseback is no longer applicable based on our facts and circumstances, and the real estate assets and corresponding financing obligation were derecognized from our consolidated financial statements. Please see “Leases” (ASU 2016-02) in Note 1— Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional information on the impact the new lease standard will have on the accounting for the failed-sale-leaseback.
Table:
 | Positive (Negative) Impact to Net Income | 
 | December 31, | 
 | 2018 | 2017
 | (Dollars in millions) | 
Increase in revenue | $74 | 49
Decrease in cost of sales | 22 | 15
Increase in loss on sale of business included in selling, general and administrative expense | — | (102)
Increase in depreciation expense (one-time) | — | (44)
Increase in depreciation expense (ongoing) | (69) | (47)
Increase in interest expense | (55) | (39)
Decrease in income tax expense | 7 | 65
Decrease in net income | $(21) | (103)


Question: What is the change in the increase in revenue in 2018 from 2017?
Answer: 25
Calculation: $74-$49
5 Alternative Performance Measures (“APM’s”) continued
Unlevered Free Cash Flow
Unlevered free cash flow represents net cash flow from operating activities adjusted for exceptional items and net capital expenditure. Unlevered free cash flow provides an understanding of the Group’s cash generation and is a supplemental measure of liquidity in respect of the Group’s operations without the distortions of exceptional and other non-operating items.
Table:
 | Year-ended 31 March 2019 | Year-ended 31 March 2018
 | $M | $M
Net cash flow from operating activities | 142.9 | 147.7
Exceptional items | 3.1 | 13.0
Net capital expenditure | (22.2) | (21.1)
Unlevered free cash flow | 123.8 | 139.6


Question: What was the change in exceptional items in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: -9.9
Calculation: 3.1-13.0
O. Accrued Expenses and Other
Accrued expenses and other as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions)
(1) Other primarily consists of litigation accrual, leases accrual, income tax payable and indirect tax accrual.
Accrued partner liabilities primarily relate to rebates and marketing development fund accruals for channel partners, system vendors and systems integrators. Accrued partner liabilities also include accruals for professional service arrangements for which VMware intends to leverage channel partners to directly fulfill the obligation to its customers.
As of January 31, 2020, other included $237 million litigation accrual related to Cirba patent and trademark infringement lawsuit and $155 million accrual for amounts owed to dissenting shareholders in connection with the Pivotal acquisition. Refer to Note E and Note B, respectively, for more information.
Table:
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019
Accrued employee related expenses | $845 | $780
Accrued partner liabilities | 181 | 207
Customer deposits | 247 | 239
Other(1) | 878 | 438
Total | $2,151 | $1,664


Question: What was the change in Customer deposits between 2019 and 2020?
Answer: 8
Calculation: 247-239
22. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash at bank earns interest at floating interest rates. Of the total cash and cash equivalents balance, $79.3 million (2018 $63.9 million) is callable at notice of three months or less at the date of investment.
Short-term bank deposits are made for varying periods of between one day and three months depending on the cash requirements of the Group and earn interest at the short-term deposit rates appropriate for the term of the deposit and currency.
At the end of 2019, the currency split of cash and cash equivalents was US Dollar 78 per cent (2018 83 per cent), Sterling 11 per cent (2018 8 per cent) and other currencies 11 per cent (2018 9 per cent).
For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents comprise the above amounts.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | $ million | $ million
Cash at bank | 103.9 | 57.7
Short-term bank deposits | 79.3 | 63.9
 | 183.2 | 121.6


Question: What was the percentage change in the cash at bank?
Answer: 80.07
Calculation: (103.9-57.7)/57.7
american tower corporation and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements ( 3 ) consists of customer-related intangibles of approximately $ 75.0 million and network location intangibles of approximately $ 72.7 million . the customer-related intangibles and network location intangibles are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of up to 20 years . ( 4 ) the company expects that the goodwill recorded will be deductible for tax purposes . the goodwill was allocated to the company 2019s international rental and management segment . on september 12 , 2012 , the company entered into a definitive agreement to purchase up to approximately 348 additional communications sites from telef f3nica mexico . on september 27 , 2012 and december 14 , 2012 , the company completed the purchase of 279 and 2 communications sites , for an aggregate purchase price of $ 63.5 million ( including value added tax of $ 8.8 million ) . the following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the aggregate purchase consideration paid and the amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair value at the date of acquisition ( in thousands ) : preliminary purchase price allocation .

Table:
 | preliminary purchase price allocation
current assets | $ 8763
non-current assets | 2332
property and equipment | 26711
intangible assets ( 1 ) | 21079
other non-current liabilities | -1349 ( 1349 )
fair value of net assets acquired | $ 57536
goodwill ( 2 ) | 5998
( 1 ) consists of customer-related intangibles of approximately $ 10.7 million and network location intangibles of approximately $ 10.4 million .
the customer-related intangibles and network location intangibles are being amortized on a straight-line basis over periods of up to 20 years .
( 2 ) the company expects that the goodwill recorded will be deductible for tax purposes .
the goodwill was allocated to the company 2019s international rental and management segment .
on november 16 , 2012 , the company entered into an agreement to purchase up to 198 additional communications sites from telef f3nica mexico .
on december 14 , 2012 , the company completed the purchase of 188 communications sites , for an aggregate purchase price of $ 64.2 million ( including value added tax of $ 8.9 million ) . .

Question: what was the ratio of the fair assets acquired to the fair value
Answer: 1.03
Calculation: add(8763, 2332), add(26711, #0), add(21079, #1), divide(#2, 57536)
5. Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets
(b) Purchased Intangible Assets
The following tables present details of our purchased intangible assets (in millions):
Purchased intangible assets include intangible assets acquired through acquisitions as well as through direct purchases or licenses.
Impairment charges related to purchased intangible assets were approximately $47 million for fiscal 2017. Impairment charges were as a result of declines in estimated fair value resulting from the reduction or elimination of expected future cash flows associated with certain of our technology and IPR&D intangible assets.
Table:
July 27, 2019 | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net
Purchased intangible assets with finite lives: |  |  | 
Technology  . | $3,270 | $(1,933) | $1,337
Customer relationships . | 840 | (331) | 509
Other | 41 | (22) | 19
Total purchased intangible assets with finite lives | 4,151 | (2,286) | 1,865
In-process research and development, with indefinite lives . | 336 | — | 336
Total . | $4,487 | $(2,286) | $2,201


Question: What was the difference between the gross total and net total for all purchased intangible assets?
Answer: 2286
Calculation: 4,487-2,201
Liquidity, Going Concern and Capital Resources
See Note 1 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of liquidity.
Cash used in operating activities of continuing operations is presented below (in thousands).
We used $13.5 million in operating cash during 2019, compared to $5.2 million of operating cash in 2018. We also funded $4.4 million of capital expenditures in 2019, compared to $3.3 million in the prior year. These capital expenditures relate primarily to our capacity expansion and debottlenecking at Golden Ridge, leasehold improvements at our Riverside facility, and our specialty ingredients’ equipment in our Dillon plant. Offsetting these uses of cash was $19.4 million of proceeds from issuances of common stock and a prefunded warrant, as well as $2.2 million of proceeds from option and warrant exercises.
As of December 31, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $8.4 million (see Note 1), compared to $7.0 million and $0.2 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2019, management believes the Company has sufficient capital reserves and borrowing capacity to fund the operations of the business; however, we may seek external sources of funding for investment initiatives and/or general operations if we determine that is the best course of action.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31 | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Cash flow from operating activities of continuing operations: |  | 
Loss from continuing operations | $ (13,735) | $ (8,101)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  | 
Depreciation and amortization | 1,930 | 773
Stock and share-based compensation | 1,360 | 886
Settlement with Sellers of Golden Ridge | ( 849) | -
Provision for bad debts | 472 | -
Other | 13 | (14)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  | 
Accounts receivable | (1,102) | 331
Inventories | 332 | (138)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (296) | 935
Commodities payable | (1,340) | 176
Other | (235) | (89)
Net cash used in operating activities of continuing operations | $(13,450) | $(5,241)


Question: What is the percentage change in adjustments to stock and share-based compensation in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 53.5
Calculation: (1,360 - 886)/886
Results of Operations
Revenue
Revenue decreased in fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018, but increased compared to fiscal year 2017, primarily as a result of the volatility of semiconductor capital investments by our customers. The overall Asia region continued to account for a majority of our revenues as a substantial amount of the worldwide capacity investments for semiconductor manufacturing continued to occur in this region.
Our deferred revenue balance was $449 million as of June 30, 2019, compared to $994 million as of June 24, 2018. The deferred revenue at the end of June 2019 is recognized under Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 606, while the same values as of June 2018 are recognized under ASC 605, which contributes to the change in value period over period. Our deferred revenue balance does not include shipments to customers in Japan, to whom title does not transfer until customer acceptance. Shipments to customers in Japan are classified as inventory at cost until the time of customer acceptance. The anticipated future revenue value from shipments to customers in Japan was approximately $78 million as of June 30, 2019, compared to $607 million as of June 24, 2018.
Table:
 |  | YearEnded | 
 | June 30, 2019 | June 24, 2018 | June 25, 2017
Revenue (in millions) | $9,654 | $11,077 | $8,014
Korea | 23% | 35% | 31%
China | 22% | 16% | 13%
Japan | 20% | 17% | 13%
Taiwan | 17% | 13% | 26%
UnitedStates | 8% | 7% | 8%
SoutheastAsia | 6% | 7% | 5%
Europe | 4% | 5% | 4%


Question: What is the percentage change in the deferred revenue balance from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -54.83
Calculation: (449-994)/994
Operating Expenses
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses increased $47 million, or 30%, in 2019 compared to 2018. The overall increase was primarily due to increased employee compensation-related costs of $34 million, driven by headcount growth, and increased allocated shared costs of $8 million.
Research and development expenses increased $45 million, or 39%, in 2018 compared to 2017. The overall increase was primarily due to increased employee compensation-related costs of $36 million, driven by headcount growth, and increased allocated shared costs of $6 million.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, |  |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 to 2019 % change | 2017 to 2018 % change
 |  |  | (In thousands, except percentages) |  | 
Research and Development | $ 207,548 | $ 160,260 | $ 115,291 | 30% | 39%


Question: What is the percentage increase in Research and Development expense from 2017 to 2019?
Answer: 80.02
Calculation: ((207,548 - 115,291)/115,291)
Financial risk management
The Group’s treasury function centrally manages the Group’s funding requirement, net foreign exchange exposure, interest rate management exposures and counterparty risk arising from investments and derivatives.
Treasury operations are conducted within a framework of policies and guidelines authorised and reviewed by the Board, most recently in July 2018
A treasury risk committee comprising of the Group’s Chief Financial Officer, Group General Counsel and Company Secretary, Group Financial Controller, Group Treasury Director and Group Director of Financial Controlling and Operations meets three times a year to review treasury activities and its members receive management information relating to treasury activities on a quarterly basis. The Group’s accounting function, which does not report to the Group Treasury Director, provides regular update reports of treasury activity to the Board. The Group’s internal auditor reviews the internal control environment regularly.
The Group uses a number of derivative instruments for currency and interest rate risk management purposes only that are transacted by specialist treasury personnel. The Group mitigates banking sector credit risk by the use of collateral support agreements.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial asset leading to a financial loss for the Group. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities and from its financing activities, the Group considers its maximum exposure to credit risk at 31 March to be:
Expected credit loss
The Group has financial assets classified and measured at amortised cost and fair value through other comprehensive income that are subject to the expected credit loss model requirements of IFRS 9. Cash at bank and in hand and certain other investments are both classified and measured at amortised cost and subject to these impairment requirements. However, the identified expected credit loss is considered to be immaterial.
Information about expected credit losses for trade receivables and contract assets can be found under “operating activities” on page 164.
Table:
 | 2019 €m | 2018 €m
Cash at bank and in hand | 2,434 | 2,197
Repurchase agreements and bank deposits | 2,196 | –
Money market funds | 9,007 | 2,477
Managed investment funds | 6,405 | 3,891
Government securities | 3,011 | 1,974
Other investments | 4,418 | 6,087
Derivative financial instruments | 3,634 | 2,629
Trade receivables | 5,077 | 5,402
Contract assets and other receivables | 5,155 | 3,410
 | 41,337 | 28,067


Question: Between 2018 and 2019, which year had a greater amount of money market funds?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: 9,007>2,477
Net Sales
The following table presents our net sales and the percentage of total net sales by segment:
Table:
 |  | Fiscal |  | 
 | 2019 |  | 2018 | 
 |  | ($ in millions) |  | 
Transportation Solutions | $  7,821 | 58 % | $ 8,290 | 59 %
Industrial Solutions | 3,954 | 30 | 3,856 | 28
Communications Solutions | 1,673 | 12 | 1,842 | 13
Total | $ 13,448 | 100 % | $ 13,988 | 100 %


Question: What was the change in Industrial Solutions in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 98
Calculation: 3,954-3,856
REVENUE
The sales cycle from quotation to shipment for our Front-end equipment generally takes several months, depending on capacity utilization and the urgency of the order. Usually, acceptance is within four months after shipment. The sales cycle is longer for equipment that is installed at the customer’s site for evaluation prior to sale. The typical trial period ranges from six months to two years after installation.
Our revenues are concentrated in Asia, the United States and Europe. The following table shows the geographic distribution of our revenue for 2018 and 2019:
Table:
 |  | Year ended December 31 |  | 
(EUR million) | 2018 |  | 2019 | 
United States | 175.9 | 21.5% | 339.5 | 26.4%
Europe | 165.6 | 20.2% | 126.2 | 9.8%
Asia | 476.6 | 58.3% | 818.2 | 63.7%
 | 818.1 | 100.0% | 1,283.9 | 100.0%


Question: What is the average revenue for United States in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 257.7
Calculation: (175.9+339.5)/2
AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed)
Additional information relating to the total assets of the Company’s operating segments is as follows for the years ended December 31,:
(1) Total assets in each of the Company’s property segments includes the Right-of-use asset recognized in connection with the Company’s adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
(2) Balances are translated at the applicable period end exchange rate, which may impact comparability between periods.
(3) Balances include corporate assets such as cash and cash equivalents, certain tangible and intangible assets and income tax accounts that have not been allocated to specific segments.
Table:
 | 2019 (1) | 2018 | 2017
U.S. property | $22,624.6 | $18,782.0 | $19,032.6
Asia property (2) | 5,307.8 | 4,938.8 | 4,770.8
Africa property (2) | 4,711.1 | 1,929.7 | 1,673.4
Europe property (2) | 1,535.3 | 1,438.1 | 1,540.2
Latin America property (2) | 8,125.5 | 5,594.7 | 5,868.4
Services | 26.8 | 46.3 | 42.3
Other (3) | 470.5 | 280.8 | 286.6
Total assets | $42,801.6 | $33,010.4 | $33,214.3


Question: What do balances include?
Answer: corporate assets such as cash and cash equivalents, certain tangible and intangible assets and income tax accounts that have not been allocated to specific segments.
29. Contract balances
The following table provides information about receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. The Group does not have any contract assets.
There was no revenue recognised in 2019, 2018 or 2017 from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections results in trade receivables, deferred income and advance customer payments received on account on the balance sheet.
The Group receives payments from customers based on a billing schedule, as established in the contract. Trade receivables are recognised when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue as (or when) the Group performs under the contract.
The Group also recognises incremental costs incurred to obtain a contract as an asset if it expects to recover those costs. Such costs are presented in the balance sheet as assets recognised from costs to obtain a contract and disclosed in note 21.
Table:
 |  | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 | Notes | $ million | $ million | $ million
Trade receivables | 20 | 128.7 | 123.4 | 113.8
Contract liabilities |  |  |  | 
Payments received on account | 23 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 3.8
Deferred income | 25 | 66.8 | 69.6 | 72.7
 |  | 69.1 | 70.6 | 76.5
Revenue recognised in the period from amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period |  | 56.2 | 65.5 | 62.1


Question: On what basis does the Group receive payments from customers?
Answer: based on a billing schedule, as established in the contract
Production start-up
Production start-up expense consists primarily of employee compensation and other costs associated with operating a production line before it is qualified for full production, including the cost of raw materials for solar modules run through the production line during the qualification phase and applicable facility related costs. Costs related to equipment upgrades and implementation of manufacturing process improvements are also included in production start-up expense as well as costs related to the selection of a new site, related legal and regulatory costs, and costs to maintain our plant replication program to the extent we cannot capitalize these expenditures. In general, we expect production start-up expense per production line to be higher when we build an entirely new manufacturing facility compared with the addition or replacement of production lines at an existing manufacturing facility, primarily due to the additional infrastructure investment required when building an entirely new facility.
The following table shows production start-up expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017:
During 2019, we incurred production start-up expense at our new facility in Lake Township, Ohio. We also incurred production start-up expense at our second facility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in early 2019. During 2018, we incurred production start-up expense for the transition to Series 6 module manufacturing at our facilities in Kulim, Malaysia and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We also incurred production start-up expense for the transition to Series 6 module manufacturing at our facility in Perrysburg, Ohio in early 2018.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended |  |  | Change |  | 
(Dollars in thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 over 2018 |  | 2018 over 2017 | 
Production start-up | $45,915 | $90,735 | $42,643 | $(44,820) | (49)% | $48,092 | 113%
% of net sales | 1.5% | 4.0% | 1.4% |  |  |  | 


Question: What is the net difference in production start-up expense between 2019 and 2017?
Answer: 3272
Calculation: 45,915 - 42,643