hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
34. Share-based payment continued
3.8 million share incentives were granted during 2019 (2018 2.7 million). The fair value of share incentives has been estimated as at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes binomial model. The following table gives the assumptions made in arriving at the share-based payment charge and the fair value:
The expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price over the previous two years which management considers to be the period which is likely to be most representative of future volatility. The risk free rate is calculated by reference to UK government bonds.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Weighted average share price (pence) | 163.1 | 112.9
Weighted average exercise price (pence) | 0.0 | 0.0
Weighted average fair value (pence) | 141.1 | 95.1
Expected volatility (%) | 31.6–32.8 | 30.6
Option life (years): |  | 
– Performance Shares | 3.0 | 3.0
– Options and SARs | 10.0 | 10.0
Risk free rate (%) | 0.48-0.72 | 0.88
Dividend yield (%) | 2.5–3.0 | 3.0


Question: In which year was the Weighted average fair value (pence) larger?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: 141.1>95.1
ITEM 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Deloitte LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our annual financial statements acting as our independent auditor for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2019.
The chart below sets forth the total amount billed and accrued for Deloitte LLP for services performed in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and breaks down these amounts by the category of service. The fees paid to our principal accountant were approved in accordance with the pre-approval policies and procedures described below.
Audit Fees
Audit fees represent compensation for professional services rendered for the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the audit of the financial statements for its individual subsidiary companies, fees for the review of the quarterly financial information, as well as in connection with the review of registration statements and related consents and comfort letters, and any other services required for SEC or other regulatory filings
Included in the audit fees for 2018 are fees of $0.2 million related to the Partnership’s public offerings completed in 2018. Included in the audit fees for 2019 are fees of $0.2 million related to equity and bond related transactions.
Tax Fees
No tax fees were billed by our principal accountant in 2018 and 2019.
Audit-Related Fees
No audit-related fees were billed by our principal accountant in 2018 and 2019.
All Other Fees
No other fees were billed by our principal accountant in 2018 and 2019.
Table:
 | 2018 | 2019
 | (Expressed in millions of U.S. Dollars) | 
Audit fees | $1.8 | $1.7
Total fees | $1.8 | $1.7


Question: In which year was the audit fees lower?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: $1.7 < $1.8
CUSTOMER STATISTICS
(1) Excludes adjustments related to the migration to the new customer management system implemented during the third quarter of fiscal 2018.
(2) As a percentage of homes passed.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Canadian broadband services segment implemented a new customer management system, replacing 22 legacy systems. While the customer management system was still in the stabilization phase, contact center congestion resulted in lower services activations during most of the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and the first quarter of 2019. Contact center and marketing operations had returned to normal at the end of the first quarter of 2019.
Variations of each services are also explained as follows:
INTERNET Fiscal 2019 Internet service customers net additions stood at 5,966 compared to 14,173 for the prior year mainly due to: • the ongoing interest in high speed offerings; • the sustained interest in bundle offers; and • the increased demand from Internet resellers; partly offset by • competitive offers in the industry; and • contact center congestion during the stabilization period of the new customer management system.
VIDEO Fiscal 2019 video service customers net losses stood at 39,185 compared to 37,035 for the prior year as a result of: • highly competitive offers in the industry; • a changing video consumption environment; and • contact center congestion during the stabilization period of the new customer management system; partly offset by • customers' ongoing interest in digital advanced video services; and • customers' interest in video services bundled with fast Internet offerings.
TELEPHONY Fiscal 2019 telephony service customers net losses amounted to 23,333 compared to 32,987 for the prior year mainly due to: • technical issues with telephony activations following the implementation of the new customer management system which were resolved at the end of the first quarter; • increasing wireless penetration in North America and various unlimited offers launched by wireless operators causing some customers to cancel their landline telephony services for wireless telephony services only; partly offset by • growth in the business sector; and • more telephony bundles due to additional promotional activity in the second half of fiscal 2019.
DISTRIBUTION OF CUSTOMERS At August 31, 2019, 69% of the Canadian broadband services segment's customers enjoyed "double play" or "triple play" bundled services.
Table:
 |  | Net additions (losses) |  | % of penetration(2) | 
 | Years ended |  |  |  | 
 | August 31, | August 31, | August 31, | August 31, | August 31,
 | 2019 | 2019 | 2018(1) | 2019 | 2018
Primary service units | 1,810,366 | (56,552) | (55,849) |  | 
Internet service customers | 788,243 | 5,966 | 14,173 | 44.7 | 44.7
Video service customers | 649,583 | (39,185) | (37,035) | 36.8 | 39.3
Telephony service customers | 372,540 | (23,333) | (32,987) | 21.1 | 22.6


Question: What was the increase / (decrease) in the net additions of Primary service units in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: -703
Calculation: -56,552 - (-55,849)
2 Investments in subsidiaries
Investments are stated at cost less provisions for any impairment in value.
Additions in the year relate to investments in Gestra Holdings Limited £1.6m and Spirax Sarco America Investments Limited £212.4m. Spirax Sarco America Investments Limited was incorporated on 24th October 2018 with the purpose of holding Group US$ investments and loans. Gestra Holdings Limited was incorporated on 9th October 2018 with the purpose of holding other Gestra Companies.
Details relating to subsidiary undertakings are given on pages 207 to 211. Except where stated all classes of shares were 100% owned by the Group at 31st December 2019. The country of incorporation of the principal Group companies is the same as the country of operation with the exception of companies operating in the United Kingdom which are incorporated in Great Britain. All operate in steam, electrical thermal energy solutions, fluid path technologies or peristaltic pumping markets except those companies identified as a holding company on pages 207 to 211.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | £m | £m
Cost: |  | 
At 1st January | 445.8 | 269.4
Share options issued to subsidiary company employees | 2.2 | 2.6
Additions | 214.0 | 173.8
At 31st December | 662.0 | 445.8


Question: In which year was the Share options issued to subsidiary company employees larger?
Answer: 2018
Calculation: 2.6>2.2
AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed)
Other Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests—During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company entered into an agreement with MTN to acquire MTN’s noncontrolling interests in each of the Company’s joint ventures in Ghana and Uganda for total consideration of approximately $523.0 million. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2020, subject to regulatory approval and other closing conditions. In addition, the Company, through a subsidiary of ATC Europe, entered into an agreement with its local partners in France to form Eure-et-Loir Réseaux Mobiles SAS (“Eure-et-Loir”), a telecommunications infrastructure company that owns and operates wireless communications towers in France. The Company’s controlling interest in Eure-et-Loir is 51% with local partners holding a 49% noncontrolling interest. The agreement provides the local partners with put options, which allow them to sell outstanding shares of Eure-et-Loir to the Company, and the Company with call options, which allow it to buy the noncontrolling shares of Eure-et-Loir. The put options, which are not under the Company’s control, cannot be separated from the noncontrolling interests. As a result, the combination of the noncontrolling interests and the redemption feature requires classification as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheet, separate from equity. The value of the Eure-et-Loir interests as of December 31, 2019 was $2.7 million.
The changes in Redeemable noncontrolling interests for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Balance as of January 1, | $1,004.8 | $1,126.2 | $1,091.3
Additions to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 525.7 | — | —
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 35.8 | (87.9) | (33.4)
Adjustment to noncontrolling interest redemption value | (35.8) | 86.7 | —
Adjustment to noncontrolling interest due to merger | — | (28.1) | —
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest | (425.7) | — | —
Foreign currency translation adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interests | (8.3) | (92.1) | 68.3
Balance as of December 31, | $1,096.5 | $1,004.8 | $1,126.2


Question: What was the Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in 2017?
Answer: (33.4)
Restatement – changes to the presentation of financial income and expenses
Due to the significant variations in SEK exchange rates during the year, the Company has considered the change in reporting of foreign exchange effect to reflect how foreign exchange transaction risk is managed on a net basis in the Company. Previously foreign exchange effects were reported within both financial income and financial expenses depending on whether they relate to assets or liabilities.
In note F2, “Financial income and expenses,” the foreign exchange effect is now presented as a net amount, reported separately from other financial income and expenses items. The comparative years 2018 and 2017 have been
restated to reflect the new presentation of Financial income and expenses, net. The restatement does not impact the total net financial income and expenses reported in prior years.
The following table shows the impact of the restatement:
In line with this change the Company also elected to present all financial income and expenses, including the foreign exchange effect, on the income statement as a single line item Financial income and expenses, net. Previously,
financial income and financial expenses were presented as separate line items on the income statement. The income statement for all comparative years 2018 and 2017 have been restated to reflect the new presentation of Financial
income and expenses, net.
Table:
Financial income and expenses |  | 
SEK million | 2018 | 2017
Reported in prior years |  | 
Reported in prior years | –316  | –372 
Financial expenses | –2,389  | –843 
Total | –2,705  | –1,215 
SEK million | 2018 | 2017
Restated |  | 
Financial income | 151 | –50 
Financial expenses | –2,032  | –1,570 
Net foreign exchange gains and losses | –824  | 405
Total | -2,705 | –1,215


Question: What is the change in the net foreign exchange gains and losses between 2018 and 2017?
Answer: -1229
Calculation: -824-405
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The following table sets forth fees for services provided by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the member firms of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, and their respective affiliates (collectively, ‘‘Deloitte’’) during fiscal 2019 and 2018:
(1) Represents fees for professional services provided in connection with the integrated audit of our annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting and review of our quarterly financial statements, advice on accounting matters that arose during the audit and audit services provided in connection with other statutory or regulatory filings.
(2) Represents tax compliance and related services.
(3) Represents the annual subscription for access to the Deloitte Accounting Research Tool, which is a searchable on-line accounting database.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Audit fees (1) | $3,454,348 | $3,589,147
Tax fees (2) | 546,618 | 931,017
All other fees (3) | 1,895 | 1,895
Total | $4,002,861 | $4,522,059


Question: What do tax fees represent?
Answer: tax compliance and related services.
4.4 Operating costs
Cost of revenues includes costs of wireless devices and other equipment sold, network and content costs, and payments to other carriers.
Labour costs (net of capitalized costs) include wages, salaries and related taxes and benefits, post-employment benefit plans service cost, and other labour costs, including contractor and outsourcing costs
Other operating costs include marketing, advertising and sales commission costs, bad debt expense, taxes other than income taxes, IT costs, professional service fees and rent
BCE Total BCE operating costs declined by 0.5% in 2019, compared to last year, driven by reduced costs in Bell Media of 2.5%, while costs in Bell Wireless and Bell Wireline remained relatively stable year over year. These results reflected the benefit from the adoption of IFRS 16 in 2019.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | $ CHANGE | % CHANGE
Bell Wireless | (5,300) | (5,297) | (3) | (0.1%)
Bell Wireline | (6,942) | (6,946) | 4 | 0.1%
Bell Media | (2,367) | (2,428) | 61 | 2.5%
Inter-segment eliminations | 751 | 738 | 13 | 1.8%
Total BCE operating costs | (13,858) | (13,933) | 75 | 0.5%


Question: Which segment has the largest $ change?
Answer: Bell Media
Calculation: 61 > 4 > |-3|
Note 23 Other (Expense) Income, net
The following table provides details of other (expense) income, net:
(1) Cryovac Brasil Ltda., a Sealed Air subsidiary, received a final decision from the Brazilian court regarding a claim in which Sealed Air contended that certain indirect taxes paid were calculated on an incorrect amount. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded income of $4.8 million to Other, net for a claim of overpaid taxes related to 2015 through 2018.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
(In millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Net foreign exchange transaction loss | $ (7.7) | $ (16.7) | $ (5.9)
Bank fee expense | (5.0) | (4.4 ) | (5.8)
Pension income other than service costs | 1.0 | 3.9 | 16.7
Loss on debt redemption and refinancing activities | (16.1) | (1.9 ) | —
Other, net(1) | 8.3 | 1.0 | 1.2
Other (expense) income, net | $ (19.5) | $ (18.1) | $ 6.2


Question: What is the Other expense, net for 2019?
Answer: 19.5
18. Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists of the following:
Table:
 |  | Years Ended June 30, | 
($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Unrealized gains on company owned life insurance contracts and investments held in rabbi trusts | $0.8 | $1.5 | $1.7
Interest income | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3
Foreign exchange | (0.4) | (0.7) | (0.4)
Pension earnings, interest and deferrals | (0.1) | (2.1) | (23.8)
Pension curtailment | — | — | (0.5)
Other | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.2
Total other income (expense), net | $0.6 | $(0.8) | $(21.5)


Question: In which year was Other the largest?
Answer: 2017
Calculation: 1.2>0.2
£1.5m (2018: £1.4m) of scheme assets have a quoted market price in an active market.
The actual return on plan assets was a gain of £5.5m (2018: £1.0m loss).
The amounts recognised in the Company Statement of Financial Position are determined as follows:
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | £m | £m
Fair value of scheme’s assets | 59.5 | 56.4
Present value of funded scheme’s liabilities | (53.9) | (52.7)
Retirement benefit asset recognised in the Statement of Financial Position | 5.6 | 3.7
Related deferred tax | (0.9) | (0.6)
Net pension asset | 4.7 | 3.1


Question: What was the change in net pension asset from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 1.6
Calculation: 4.7-3.1
The components of the provision for income taxes attributable to continuing operations are as follows (in thousands):
On a consolidated basis, the Company has incurred operating losses and has recorded a full valuation allowance against its US, UK, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and Brazil deferred tax assets for all periods to date and, accordingly, has not recorded a provision (benefit) for income taxes for any of the periods presented other than a provision (benefit) for certain foreign and state income taxes. Certain foreign subsidiaries and branches of the Company provide intercompany services and are compensated on a cost-plus basis, and therefore, have incurred liabilities for foreign income taxes in their respective jurisdictions.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current income tax provision: |  |  | 
Federal | $— | $— | $—
State | 225 | 204 | 114
Foreign | 2,467 | 2,514 | 1,580
Total current income tax provision | 2,692 | 2,718 | 1,694
Deferred income tax benefit: |  |  | 
Federal | $— | — | $—
State | — | — | —
Foreign | (2) | (123) | 52
Total deferred income tax benefit | (2) | (123) | 52
Total income tax provision | $2,690 | $2,595 | $1,746


Question: What is the provision for Foreign income tax in 2019?
Answer: 2,467
GasLog Ltd. and its Subsidiaries
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
17. General and Administrative Expenses
An analysis of general and administrative expenses is as follows:
* Employee costs include restructuring costs of $3,975 pursuant to management’s decision to relocate more of its employees including several members of senior management to the Piraeus, Greece office.
Table:
 |  | For the year ended December 31, | 
 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019
Employee costs* | 18,789 | 20,980 | 24,863
Share-based compensation (Note 22) | 4,565 | 5,216 | 5,107
Other expenses | 16,496 | 15,797 | 17,415
Total | 39,850 | 41,993 | 47,385


Question: What was the change in other expenses from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 1618
Calculation: 17,415 - 15,797
ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Time Charter Equivalent (TCE) earnings:
TORM defines TCE earnings, a performance measure, as revenue after port expenses, bunkers and commissions incl. freight and bunker derivatives. The Company reports TCE earnings because we believe it provides additional meaningful information to investors in relation to revenue, the most directly comparable IFRS measure. TCE earnings is a standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare period-to-period changes in a shipping company’s performance irrespective of changes in the mix of charter types (i.e. spot charters, time charters and bareboat charters) under which the vessels may be employed between the periods. Below is presented a reconciliation from Revenue to TCE earnings:
Table:
USDm | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Reconciliation to revenue |  |  | 
Revenue | 692.6 | 635.4 | 657.0
Port expenses, bunkers and commissions | -267.7 | -283.0 | -259.9
TCE earnings | 424.9 | 352.4 | 397.1


Question: What are the components under Reconciliation to revenue when calculating TCE earnings?
Answer: Revenue, Port expenses, bunkers and commissions
Year ended December 31, 2018 compared with the year ended December 31, 2017:
Revenue in 2018 is derived from multiple license agreements that we entered into with third-parties following negotiations pursuant to our patent licensing and enforcement program. The revenue increase is primarily due to licensing revenues, as further described in "Item 1. Business" - "Licensing and Enforcement - Current Activities, Post 2013".
Cost of revenues includes contingent legal fees directly associated with our licensing and enforcement programs. Cost of revenues increased largely in proportion to increase in revenues.
Selling, general and administrative expenses ("SG&A") consisted primarily of legal fees incurred in operations and employee headcount related expenses. These comprise approximately 74% of total SG&A expense. Litigation expenses increased $4.2 million to $16.5 million in 2018 compared to 2017 and are primarily due to the timing of various outstanding litigation actions. See "Item 3. Legal Proceedings". Employee headcount related expenses increased $1.8 million to $7.2 million in 2018 compared to 2017, and is primarily due to incentive bonuses earned during the year. The balance of SG&A expenses include consulting, other professional services, facilities and other administrative fees and expenses.
Research and Development expenses ("R&D") are primarily from our Finjan Mobile security business and increased by $0.6 million to $2.1 million in 2018 compared to 2017, as we continue to position this business for future growth.
Other income (expense) is primarily due to changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of $3.4 million in 2018 versus a benefit of $2.2 million in 2017, and interest expense of $0.6 million in 2018, net.
We recognized an income tax expense of $8.1 million on pre-tax income of $28.7 million in 2018 as compared to a benefit from the reduction in the valuation allowance of $6.2 million in 2017.
Table:
 |  | For the Year Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2018 | 2017 | Change | % Change
 |  | (In millions, except percentages) |  | 
Revenues | $82.3 | $50.5 | $31.8 | 63%
Cost of revenues | 15.3 | 6.0 | 9.3 | 155%
Gross profit | 67.0 | 44.5 | 22.5 | 51%
Gross margin | 81% | 88% |  | 
Operating expenses: |  |  |  | 
Selling, general and administrative | 32.2 | 28.6 | 3.6 | 13%
Research and development | 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 40%
Total operating expenses | 34.3 | 30.1 | 4.2 | 14%
Other income (expense) | (4.0) | 2.2 | (6.2) | (282)%
Income before income taxes | 28.7 | 16.6 | 12.1 | 73%
Income tax provision (benefit) | 8.0 | (6.2) | 14.2 | (229)%
Net income | $20.7 | $22.8 | $(2.1) | (9)%


Question: What is the value of the warrant liability fair value as a percentage of the cost of revenues in 2018?
Answer: 22.22
Calculation: 3.4/15.3
Outstanding Indebtedness
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, our total debt outstanding consisted of the amounts set forth in the following table.
(1) Amounts are net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $25 million and $24 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See Note 14, “Debt and Credit Facilities,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Table:
 | December 31, | 
(In millions) | 2019 | 2018
Short-term borrowings | $ 98.9 | $ 232.8
Current portion of long-term debt | 16.7 | 4.9
Total current debt | 115.6 | 237.7
Total long-term debt, less current portion(1) | 3,698.6 | 3,236.5
Total debt | 3,814.2 | 3,474.2
Less: Cash and cash equivalents | (262.4) | (271.7)
Net debt | $ 3,551.8 | $ 3,202.5


Question: What is the percentage change of Net debt from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 10.91
Calculation: (3,551.8-3,202.5)/3,202.5