hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $24.2 million, or 31%, in 2019 as compared to 2018. The increase was principally due to the 2018 Reallocation of headcount from sales and marketing to research and development, as well as investments to maintain and improve the functionality of our products. As a result, we incurred increased employee-related costs of $16.3 million and increased overhead costs of $3.4 million.
Research and development expenses increased $15.0 million, or 24%, in 2018 as compared to 2017. The increase was principally due to the 2018 Reallocation of headcount from sales and marketing to research and development, as well as investments to maintain and improve the functionality of our products. As a result, we incurred increased employee-related costs of $12.1 million.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (dollars in thousands) | 
Research and development | $101,151 | $76,981 | $61,975
Percent of revenue | 17.5% | 14.3% | 12.9%


Question: What is the average year-on-year increase in Research and development from 2017 to 2019?
Answer: 27.81
Calculation: (($101,151-$76,981)/$76,981+($76,981-$61,975)/$61,975)/2
FAIR VALUE
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
Certain fair value estimates are affected by assumptions we make about the amount and timing of future cash flows and discount rates, all of which reflect varying degrees of risk. Income taxes and other expenses that would be incurred on disposition of financial instruments are not reflected in the fair values. As a result, the fair values are not the net amounts that would be realized if these instruments were settled.
The carrying values of our cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, dividends payable, trade payables and accruals, compensation payable, severance and other costs payable, interest payable, notes payable and loans secured by trade receivables approximate fair value as they are short-term.
The following table provides the fair value details of financial instruments measured at amortized cost in the statements of financial position.
(1) Upon adoption of IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019, fair value disclosures are no longer required for leases
Table:
 |  |  | DECEMBER 31, 2019 |  | DECEMBER 31, 2018 | 
 | CLASSIFICATION | FAIR VALUE METHODOLOGY | CARRYING VALUE | FAIR VALUE | CARRYING VALUE | FAIR VALUE
CRTC tangible benefits obligation | Trade payables and other liabilities and other non-current liabilities | Present value of estimated future cash flows discounted using observable market interest rates | 29 | 29 | 61 | 61
CRTC deferral account obligation | Trade payables and other liabilities and other non-current liabilities | Present value of estimated future cash flows discounted using observable market interest rates | 82 | 85 | 108 | 112
Debt securities and other debt | Debt due within one year and long-term debt | Quoted market price of debt | 18,653 | 20,905 | 18,188 | 19,178
Finance leases (1) | Debt due within one year and long-term debt | Present value of future cash flows discounted using observable market interest rates | - | - | 2,097 | 2,304


Question: What is fair value?
Answer: the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
ADJUSTED NET EARNINGS AND ADJUSTED EPS
The terms adjusted net earnings and adjusted EPS do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. Therefore, they are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.
We define adjusted net earnings as net earnings attributable to common shareholders before severance, acquisition and other costs, net mark-to-market losses (gains) on derivatives used to economically hedge equity settled share-based compensation plans, net losses (gains) on investments, early debt redemption costs and impairment charges, net of tax and NCI. We define adjusted EPS as adjusted net earnings per BCE common share.
We use adjusted net earnings and adjusted EPS, and we believe that certain investors and analysts use these measures, among other ones, to assess the performance of our businesses without the effects of severance, acquisition and other costs, net mark-to-market losses (gains) on derivatives used to economically hedge equity settled share-based compensation plans, net losses (gains) on investments, early debt redemption costs and impairment charges, net of tax and NCI. We exclude these items because they affect the comparability of our financial results and could potentially distort the analysis of trends in business performance. Excluding these items does not imply they are non-recurring
The most comparable IFRS financial measures are net earnings attributable to common shareholders and EPS.
The following table is a reconciliation of net earnings attributable to common shareholders and EPS to adjusted net earnings on a consolidated basis and per BCE common share (adjusted EPS), respectively.
Table:
 | 2019 |  | 2018 | 
 | TOTAL | PER SHARE | TOTAL | PER SHARE
Net earnings attributable to common shareholders | 3,040 | 3.37 | 2,785 | 3.10
Severance, acquisition and other costs | 83 | 0.10 | 100 | 0.11
Net mark-to-market losses (gains) on derivatives used to economically hedge equity settled share-based compensation plans | (101) | (0.11) | 58 | 0.07
Net (gains) losses on investments | 44 | 0.05 | 47 | 0.05
Early debt redemption costs | 13 | 0.01 | 15 | 0.02
Impairment charges | 74 | 0.08 | 146 | 0.16
Adjusted net earnings | 3,153 | 3.50 | 3,151 | 3.51


Question: What is the change in net earnings attributable to common shareholders per share in 2019?
Answer: 0.27
Calculation: 3.37-3.10
Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
Quarterly sales and earnings results are normally influenced by seasonal factors. Historically, the first two fiscal quarters (three months ending September 30 and December 31) are typically the lowest principally because of annual plant vacation and maintenance shutdowns by the Company and by many of its customers. However, the timing of major changes in the general economy or the markets for certain products can alter this pattern.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit. See Note 17, Income Taxes to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.
Table:
($ in millions) | First Quarter | Second Quarter | Third Quarter | Fourth Quarter
Results of Operations |  |  |  | 
Fiscal Year 2019 |  |  |  | 
Net sales | $572.4 | $556.5 | $609.9 | $641.4
Gross profit | $91.7 | $107.0 | $123.2 | $122.9
Operating income | $45.0 | $55.4 | $73.2 | $67.9
Net income | $31.5 | $35.5 | $51.1 | $48.9
Fiscal Year 2018 |  |  |  | 
Net sales | $479.8 | $487.8 | $572.2 | $618.0
Gross profit | $85.6 | $85.7 | $96.1 | $114.9
Operating income | $42.2 | $41.4 | $45.7 | $60.0
Net income | $23.4 | $92.1 | $30.2 | $42.8


Question: What was the percentage change in net income in First Quarter in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 34.62
Calculation: (31.5-23.4)/23.4
Quantitative effect of ASC Topics 606 and 340-40 adoption
(1) While not shown here, gross margin, loss from operations, and loss before income taxes have consequently been affected as a result of the net effect of the adjustments noted above.
(2) The impact on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss is limited to the net effects of the impacts noted above on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, specifically on the line item "Net loss."
Table:
 |  | For the Fiscal Year ended January 31, 2019 | 
 | As reported | Impact from the adoption of ASC 606 and 340-40 | As adjusted
Net revenue (1) |  |  | 
Subscription | $1,802.3 | $(16.6) | $1,785.7
Maintenance | 635.1 | 5.7 | 640.8
Other | 132.4 | (11.3) | 121.1
Cost of revenue (1) |  |  | 
Cost of subscription and maintenance revenue | 216.0 | (0.1) | 215.9
Cost of other revenue | 54.4 | 1.1 | 55.5
Operating expenses (1): |  |  | 
Marketing and sales | 1,183.9 | (17.9) | 1,166.0
Provision for income taxes | (38.1) | (4.8) | (42.9)
Net loss (2) | $(80.8) | $(10.1) | $(90.9)
Basic net loss per share | $(0.37) | $(0.05) | $(0.42)
Diluted net loss per share | $(0.37) | $(0.05) | $(0.42)


Question: What was the adjusted cost of subscription and maintenance revenue for fiscal year 2019?
Answer: 215.9
MEDIA FINANCIAL RESULTS
REVENUE
Media revenue is earned from:
• advertising sales across its television, radio, and digital media properties; • subscriptions to televised and OTT products; • ticket sales, fund redistribution and other distributions from MLB, and concession sales; and • retail product sales.
The 4% decrease in revenue this year was a result of: • the sale of our publishing business in the second quarter of 2019; and • lower revenue at the Toronto Blue Jays, primarily as a result of a distribution from Major League Baseball in 2018; partially offset by • higher revenue generated by Sportsnet and TSC. Excluding the sale of our publishing business and the impact of the distribution from Major League Baseball last year, Media revenue would have increased by 1% this year.
OPERATING EXPENSES
We record Media operating expenses in four primary categories:
• the cost of broadcast content, including sports programming
and production;
• Toronto Blue Jays player compensation;
• the cost of retail products sold; and
• all other expenses involved in day-to-day operations.
The 2% decrease in operating expenses this year was a result of:
• lower Toronto Blue Jays player compensation; and
• lower publishing-related costs due to the sale of this business;
partially offset by
• higher programming costs; and
• higher cost of sales as a result of higher revenue at TSC.
ADJUSTED EBITDA
The 29% decrease in adjusted EBITDA this year was a result of the
revenue and expense changes described above. Excluding the
impact of the sale of our publishing business in the second quarter
of 2019 and the distribution from Major League Baseball last year,
adjusted EBITDA would have increased by 1% this year.
Table:
 |  | Years ended December 31 | 
(In millions of dollars, except margins) | 2019 | 2018 | %Chg
Revenue | 2,072 | 2,168 | (4)
Operating expenses | 1,932 | 1,972 | (2)
Adjusted EBITDA | 140 | 196 | (29)
Adjusted EBITDA margin | 6.8% | 9.0% | (2.2pts)
Capital expenditures | 102 | 90 | 13


Question: What was the increase / (decrease) in revenue from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -96
Calculation: 2,072 - 2,168
DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEE NUMBERS BY SEGMENTS
By headcount1 as of closing date of 30/9
1 Excluding METRO China.
Table:
 | 2018 | 2019
METRO | 92,603 | 89,574
METRO Germany | 13,711 | 13,606
METRO Western Europe (excl.Germany) | 27,207 | 27,227
METRO Russia | 13,960 | 12,357
METRO Eastern Europe (excl.Russia) | 29,060 | 28,375
METRO Asia | 8,665 | 8,009
Others | 7,008 | 7,152
METROAG | 909 | 880
Total | 100,520 | 97,606


Question: What are the different segments under METRO when accounting for the employee numbers by segments?
Answer: METRO Germany, METRO Western Europe (excl.Germany), METRO Russia, METRO Eastern Europe (excl.Russia), METRO Asia
Reconciliation of segment EBITDA to total adjusted EBITDA is below:
For additional information on our reportable segments and product and services categories, see Note 17— Segment Information to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this report.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (Dollars in millions) | 
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 
International and Global Accounts | $2,286 | 2,341 | 821
Enterprise | 3,490 | 3,522 | 2,456
Small and Medium Business | 1,870 | 2,013 | 1,581
Wholesale | 3,427 | 3,666 | 2,566
Consumer | 4,914 | 5,105 | 5,136
Total segment EBITDA | $15,987 | 16,647 | 12,560
Operations and Other EBITDA | (7,216) | (8,045) | (6,504)
Total adjusted EBITDA | $8,771 | 8,602 | 6,056


Question: What additional information does Note 17 provide?
Answer: additional information on our reportable segments and product and services categories
The following is a summary of investments, including those that meet the definition of a cash equivalent, as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s investment in corporate bonds and US treasury securities had a weighted-average maturity date of approximately five months. Unrealized gains and losses on investments were not significant individually or in aggregate, and the Company does not believe the unrealized losses represent other-than-temporary impairments as of December 31, 2019.
Table:
 | Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value
Current assets: |  |  |  | 
Cash | $54,275 | $— | $— | $54,275
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  | 
Money market funds | 129,321 | — | — | 129,321
Total cash equivalents | 129,321 | — | — | 129,321
Total cash and cash equivalents | 183,596 | — | — | 183,596
Short-term investments: |  |  |  | 
Corporate bonds | 58,115 | — | (82) | 58,033
US treasury securities | 138,826 | — | (100) | 138,726
Commercial paper | 7,973 | — | — | 7,973
Total short-term investments | 204,914 | — | (182) | 204,732
Long-term investments: |  |  |  | 
Strategic investments | 1,250 | — | — | 1,250
Total long-term investments | $1,250 | $— | $— | $1,250


Question: What percentage of total fair value of cash and cash equivalents consists of cash?
Answer: 29.56
Calculation: (54,275/183,596)
G. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $70.8 million, $67.4 million, and $66.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross book value included in machinery and equipment for internally manufactured test systems being leased by customers was $5.4 million and $5.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the accumulated depreciation on these test systems was $5.1 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | (in thousands) | 
Land | $16,561 | $16,561
Buildings | 107,282 | 105,935
Machinery, equipment and software | 834,970 | 752,722
Furniture and fixtures | 29,157 | 27,432
Leasehold improvements | 59,378 | 52,536
Construction in progress | 2,537 | 6,276
 | 1,049,885 | 961,462
Less: accumulated depreciation | 729,669 | 681,641
 | $320,216 | $279,821


Question: What was the percentage change in the amount of Land from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 0
Calculation: (16,561-16,561)/16,561
j.p . morgan chase & co . / 2003 annual report 33 corporate credit allocation in 2003 , tss was assigned a corporate credit allocation of pre- tax earnings and the associated capital related to certain credit exposures managed within ib 2019s credit portfolio on behalf of clients shared with tss . prior periods have been revised to reflect this allocation . for 2003 , the impact to tss of this change increased pre-tax operating results by $ 36 million and average allocated capital by $ 712 million , and it decreased sva by $ 65 million . pre-tax operating results were $ 46 million lower than in 2002 , reflecting lower loan volumes and higher related expenses , slightly offset by a decrease in credit costs . business outlook tss revenue in 2004 is expected to benefit from improved global equity markets and from two recent acquisitions : the november 2003 acquisition of the bank one corporate trust portfolio , and the january 2004 acquisition of citigroup 2019s electronic funds services business . tss also expects higher costs as it integrates these acquisitions and continues strategic investments to sup- port business expansion . by client segment tss dimensions of 2003 revenue diversification by business revenue by geographic region investor services 36% ( 36 % ) other 1% ( 1 % ) institutional trust services 23% ( 23 % ) treasury services 40% ( 40 % ) large corporations 21% ( 21 % ) middle market 18% ( 18 % ) banks 11% ( 11 % ) nonbank financial institutions 44% ( 44 % ) public sector/governments 6% ( 6 % ) europe , middle east & africa 27% ( 27 % ) asia/pacific 9% ( 9 % ) the americas 64% ( 64 % ) ( a ) includes the elimination of revenue related to shared activities with chase middle market in the amount of $ 347 million . year ended december 31 , operating revenue .

Table:
year ended december 31 , ( in millions ) | year ended december 31 , 2003 | year ended december 31 , 2002 | change
treasury services | $ 1927 | $ 1818 | 6% ( 6 % )
investor services | 1449 | 1513 | -4 ( 4 )
institutional trust services ( a ) | 928 | 864 | 7
other ( a ) ( b ) | -312 ( 312 ) | -303 ( 303 ) | -3 ( 3 )
total treasury & securities services | $ 3992 | $ 3892 | 3% ( 3 % )
( a ) includes a portion of the $ 41 million gain on sale of a nonstrategic business in 2003 : $ 1 million in institutional trust services and $ 40 million in other .
( b ) includes the elimination of revenues related to shared activities with chase middle market , and a $ 50 million gain on sale of a non-u.s .
securities clearing firm in 2002. .

Question: for 2003 , treasury services was how much of the total total treasury & securities services operating revenue?
Answer: 48.3%
Calculation: divide(1927, 3992)
Our net sales by market sector for the indicated fiscal years were as follows (in millions):
Healthcare/Life Sciences. Net sales for fiscal 2019 in the Healthcare/Life Sciences sector increased $180.1 million, or 17.3%, as compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was driven by overall net increased customer end-market demand, a $32.7 million increase in production ramps of new products for existing customers and a $26.9 million increase in production ramps for new customers.
Industrial/Commercial. Net sales for fiscal 2019 in the Industrial/Commercial sector increased $63.5 million, or 6.9%, as compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was driven by a $64.8 million increase in production ramps of new products for existing customers and a $33.2 million increase in production ramps for new customers. The increase was partially offset by a $7.3 million decrease due to end-of-life products, a $4.2 million decrease due to a disengagement with a customer and overall net decreased customer end-market demand.
Aerospace/Defense. Net sales for fiscal 2019 in the Aerospace/Defense sector increased $143.5 million, or 32.2%, as compared to fiscal 2018. The increase was driven by a $120.2 million increase in production ramps of new products for existing customers, a $9.9 million increase in production ramps for new customers and overall net increased customer end-market demand.
Communications. Net sales for fiscal 2019 in the Communications sector decreased $96.2 million, or 20.4%, as compared to fiscal 2018. The decrease was driven by a $37.3 million reduction due to disengagements with customers, a $15.3 million decrease due to end-of-life products and overall net decreased customer endmarket demand. The decrease was partially offset by an $18.1 million increase in production ramps of new products for existing customers and a $4.5 million increase in production ramps for new customers.
Table:
Market Sector  | 2019 | 2018
Healthcare/Life Sciences  | $1,220.0 | $1,039.9
Industrial/Commercial  | 981.2 | 917.7
Aerospace/Defense  | 588.6 | 445.1
Communications  | 374.6 | 470.8
Total net sales | 3,164.4 | 2,873.5


Question: What was the difference in the net sales in 2019 between the industrial/commercial and communications sector?
Answer: 606.6
Calculation: 981.2-374.6
Postretirement Benefit Plans
The Company also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to qualifying domestic retirees and their eligible dependents. The health care plan for shore-based employees and their dependents and seagoing licensed deck officers (“Deck Officers”) and their dependents is contributory at retirement, while the life insurance plan for all employees is noncontributory.
In general, postretirement medical coverage is provided to shore-based employees hired prior to January 1, 2005 and all Deck Officers who retire and have met minimum age and service requirements under a formula related to total years of service. The Company no longer provides prescription drug coverage to its retirees or their beneficiaries once they reach age 65.
The Company does not currently fund these benefit arrangements and has the right to amend or terminate the health care and life insurance benefits at any time.
Information with respect to the domestic pension and postretirement benefit plans for which the Company uses a December 31 measurement date, follow:
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018
At December 31, |  |  | Change in benefit obligation: | Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $44,015 | $48,500 | $3,401 | $4,548
Cost of benefits earned (service cost) | — | — | 105 | 119
Interest cost on benefit obligation | 1,802 | 1,673 | 140 | 142
Actuarial losses/(gains) | 3,805 | (3,456) | 84 | (1,206)
Benefits paid | (2,686) | (2,702) | (158) | (202)
Benefit obligation at year end | 46,936 | 44,015 | 3,572 | 3,401
Change in plan assets: |  |  |  | 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 31,929 | 35,591 | — | —
Actual return on plan assets | 6,790 | (1,882) | — | —
Employer contributions | 721 | 922 | 158 | 202
Benefits paid | (2,686) | (2,702) | (158) | (202)
Fair value of plan assets at year end | 36,754 | 31,929 | — | —
Unfunded status at December 31 | $(10,182) | $(12,086) | $(3,572) | $(3,401)


Question: What benefits are provided by the company to qualifying domestic retirees and their eligible dependents?
Answer: certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits
Information about VMware’s payments for such arrangements during the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
1) Amount includes indirect taxes that were remitted to Dell during the periods presented.
VMware also purchases Dell products through Dell’s channel partners. Purchases of Dell products through Dell’s channel partners were not significant during the periods presented.
From time to time, VMware and Dell also enter into joint marketing, sales, branding and product development arrangements, for which both parties may incur costs.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, VMware entered into an arrangement with Dell to transfer approximately 250 professional services employees from Dell to VMware. These employees are experienced in providing professional services delivering VMware technology and this transfer centralizes these resources within the Company in order to serve its customers more efficiently and effectively. The transfer was substantially completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 and did not have a material impact to the consolidated financial statements. VMware also expects that Dell will resell VMware consulting solutions.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, VMware acquired technology and employees related to the Dell EMC Service Assurance Suite, which provides root cause analysis management software for communications service providers, from Dell. The purchase of the Dell EMC Service Assurance Suite was accounted for as a transaction by entities under common control. The amount of the purchase price in excess of the historical cost of the acquired assets was recognized as a reduction to retained earnings on the consolidated balance sheets. Transition services were provided by Dell over a period of 18 months, starting from the date of the acquisition, which were not significant.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, VMware acquired Wavefront, Inc. (“Wavefront”). Upon closing of the acquisition, Dell was paid $20 million in cash for its non-controlling ownership interest in Wavefront.
Table:
 |  | For the Year Ended | 
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019 | February 2, 2018
Purchases and leases of products and purchases of services(1) | $242 | $200 | $142
Dell subsidiary support and administrative costs | 119 | 145 | 212


Question: How many years did Dell subsidiary support and administrative costs exceed $150 million?
Answer: 1
Calculation: 2018