ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (Dollars in thousands, except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 were derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements not included in this Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. You should read the following financial information together with the information under Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Item 8.
GS Holdings and GSLLC are our predecessors for accounting purposes and, accordingly, amounts prior to the Reorganization Transactions and IPO represent the historical consolidated operations of either GS Holdings or GSLLC and its subsidiaries. The amounts as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and during the period from May 24, 2018 through December 31, 2019 represent those of consolidated GreenSky, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Prior to the Reorganization Transactions and IPO, GreenSky, Inc. did not engage in any business or other activities except in connection with its formation and initial capitalization. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 for further information on our organization.
(1) Basic and diluted earnings per share of Class A common stock are applicable only for the period from May 24, 2018 through December 31, 2019, which is the period following the Reorganization Transactions and IPO. See Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 for further information.
Table:
 |  |  | Year Ended December 31, |  | 
Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Total revenue | $529,646 | $414,673 | $325,887 | $263,865 | $173,457
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 248,580 | 160,439 | 89,708 | 79,145 | 36,506
Total costs and expenses | 408,693 | 261,883 | 180,288 | 144,054 | 80,351
Operating profit | 120,953 | 152,790 | 145,599 | 119,811 | 93,106
Total other income (expense), net | (32,105) | (19,276) | (6,931) | 4,653 | 713
Income before income tax expense | 88,848 | 133,514 | 138,668 | 124,464 | 93,819
Income tax expense (benefit) | (7,125) | 5,534 | — | — | —
Net income | 95,973 | 127,980 | 138,668 | 124,464 | 93,819
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 63,993 | 103,724 | N/A | N/A | N/A
Net income attributable to GreenSky, Inc. | 31,980 | 24,256 | N/A | N/A | N/A
Earnings per share of Class A common stock(1): |  |  |  |  | 
Basic | $0.52 | $0.43 | N/A | N/A | N/A
Diluted | $0.49 | $0.41 | N/A | N/A | N/A


Question: What was the percentage change in operating profit between 2015 and 2016?
Answer: 28.68
Calculation: (119,811-93,106)/93,106