hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue increased by $15.3 million in 2018 compared to 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $7.2 million increase in employee-related costs, which includes stock-based compensation, associated with our increased headcount from 128 employees as of December 31, 2017 to 173 employees as of December 31, 2018. The remaining increase was principally the result of a $7.0 million increase in hosting, software and messaging costs, a $0.6 million increase attributed to office related expenses to support revenue generating activities and a $0.4 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense attributable to our acquired intangible assets.
Gross margin percentage decreased due to our continued investment in personnel and infrastructure to support our growth in revenue.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | Change | 
 | 2018 | 2017 | $ | %
 |  | (dollars in thousands) |  | 
Cost of revenue | $ 46,810 | $ 31,503 | $ 15,307 | 48.6%
Gross margin % | 68% | 70% |  | 


Question: What is the change in the gross margin between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -2
Calculation: 68 - 70
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The following table sets forth the fees for services provided and reasonably expected to be billed by Malone Bailey LLP. The following is a summary of the fees billed to the Company for professional services rendered for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Audit Fees: For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the aggregate audit fees billed by our independent auditors were for professional services rendered for
audits and quarterly reviews of our consolidated financial statements, and assistance with reviews of registration statements and documents filed with the SEC.
Audit-Related Fees: Audit-related fees are for assurance and other activities not explicitly related to the audit of our financial statements.
Tax Fees: For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no tax fees, respectively.
All Other Fees: For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $0 and $0, respectively.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures. The Audit Committee oversees and monitors our financial reporting process and internal control system, reviews and
evaluates the audit performed by our registered independent public accountants and reports to the Board any substantive issues found during the audit. The Audit Committee
is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of our registered independent public accountants. The Audit Committee convenes on a
quarterly basis to approve each quarterly filing, and an annual basis to review the engagement of the Company’s external auditor.
The Audit Committee has considered whether the provision of Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees, and all other fees as described above is compatible with maintaining
Marcum LLP’s and Malone Bailey LLP’s independence and has determined that such services for fiscal years 2019 and 2018, respectively, were compatible. All such services
were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act to the extent that rule was applicable.
Table:
 | Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year
 | 2019 | 2018
Audit fees | $55,000 | $54,550
Audit-related fees | $- | $-
Tax Fees | $- | $-
All other fees | - | $-
Total | 55,000 | $54,550


Question: What is the percentage change in audit fees between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 0.82
Calculation: (55,000 - 54,550)/54,550
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information about shares of our previously-issued common stock that we withheld from employees upon vesting of their stock-based awards during the fourth quarter of 2019 to satisfy the related tax withholding obligations:
Table:
 | Total Number of Shares Withheld for Taxes | Average Price Paid Per Share
Period |  | 
October 2019 | 16,585 | $11.57
November 2019 | 185,887 | 13.15
December 2019 | 12,368 | 13.70
Total | 214,840 | 


Question: What information does the table contain?
Answer: information about shares of our previously-issued common stock that we withheld from employees upon vesting of their stock-based awards during the fourth quarter of 2019 to satisfy the related tax withholding obligations
The following table sets forth the components of identifiable intangible assets acquired and their estimated useful lives as of the date of acquisition.
The amount recorded for developed technology represents the estimated fair value of OpsGenie’s incident management and alerting technology. The amount recorded for customer relationships represents the fair value of the underlying relationships with OpsGenie customers. The amount recorded for trade name represents the fair value of OpsGenie trade name.
Table:
 | Fair Value | Useful Life
 | (U.S. $ in thousands) | (years)
Developed technology | $35,600 | 5
Customer relationships | 48,600 | 10
Trade name | 3,700 | 5
Total intangible assets subject to amortization | $87,900 | 


Question: What is the useful life for Developed technology?
Answer: 5
Note 7 – Inventory
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, inventory was comprised of the following:
Inventory reserves are established for estimated excess and obsolete inventory equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated net realizable value of the inventory based on estimated reserve percentages, which consider historical usage, known trends, inventory age and market conditions. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our inventory reserve was $34.1 million and $30.0 million, respectively.
Table:
(In thousands) | 2019 | 2018
Raw materials | $36,987 | $45,333
Work in process | 1,085 | 1,638
Finished goods | 60,233 | 52,877
Total Inventory, net | $98,305 | $99,848


Question: What was the percentage change in net total inventory between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -1.55
Calculation: ($98,305-$99,848)/$99,848
Issuer purchases of equity securities
Common stock repurchased in the three months ended December 31, 2019:
(1) Shares withheld to cover the option exercise price and tax withholding obligations under the net settlement provisions of our stock compensation awards have been included in these amounts.
(2) See "Stock repurchase program" in Item 7 of this Annual Report for additional information.
Table:
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) (2) | Average Price Paid per Share (1) (2) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Program (2) | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased at Period End Under Publicly Announced Share Repurchased Programs (2)
October 1, 2019 - October 31, 2019 | 24 | $71.89 | 12 | $45,484
November 1, 2019 - November 30, 2019 | 108 | $75.63 | - | $45,484
December 1, 2019 - December 31, 2019 | 144 | $76.64 | - | $45,484
Total | 276 | $75.83 |  | 


Question: What is the difference in the number of shares bought between October and November?
Answer: 84
Calculation: 108-24
Basic earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.
* Includes a charge of $2.0 billion or $2.23 of basic and diluted earnings per share in 2018 associated with U.S. tax reform.
Actual shares outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were 887.1 million and 892.5 million, respectively. The year-to- year decrease was primarily the result of the common stock repurchase program. The average number of common shares
outstanding assuming dilution was 23.5 million shares lower in 2019 versus 2018
Table:
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018 | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent Change
Earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations |  |  | 
Assuming dilution | $10.57 | $9.51* | 11.1%
Basic | $10.63 | $9.56* | 11.2%
Diluted operating (non-GAAP) | $12.81 | $13.81 | (7.2)%
Weighted-average shares outstanding (in millions) |  |  | 
Assuming dilution | 892.8 | 916.3 | (2.6)%
Basic | 887.2 | 912.0 | (2.7)%


Question: What is the increase / (decrease) from the Earnings per share of common stock from continuing operations Diluted operating (non-GAAP)?
Answer: -1
Calculation: 12.81 - 13.81
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in thousands, except for share and per share data)
NOTE 10 — Contingencies
Certain processes in the manufacture of our current and past products create by-products classified as hazardous waste. We have been notified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state environmental agencies, and in some cases, groups of potentially responsible parties, that we may be potentially liable for environmental contamination at several sites currently and formerly owned or operated by us. Two of those sites, Asheville, North Carolina and Mountain View, California, are designated National Priorities List sites under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund program. We accrue a liability for probable remediation activities, claims and proceedings against us with respect to environmental matters if the amount can be reasonably estimated, and provide disclosures including the nature of a loss whenever it is probable or reasonably possible that a potentially material loss may have occurred but cannot be estimated. We record contingent loss accruals on an undiscounted basis.
A roll-forward of remediation reserves included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets is comprised of the following:
(1) Other activity includes currency translation adjustments not recorded through remediation expense
Unrelated to the environmental claims described above, certain other legal claims are pending against us with respect to matters arising out of the ordinary conduct of our business.
We provide product warranties when we sell our products and accrue for estimated liabilities at the time of sale. Warranty estimates are forecasts based on the best available information and historical claims experience. We accrue for specific warranty claims if we believe that the facts of a specific claim make it probable that a liability in excess of our historical experience has been incurred, and provide disclosures for specific claims whenever it is reasonably possible that a material loss may be incurred which cannot be estimated. We have an outstanding warranty claim for which we have not yet determined the root cause of a product performance issue. Testing is ongoing. We are not able to quantify the potential impact on our operations, if any, because we have not yet determined the root cause.
We cannot provide assurance that the ultimate disposition of environmental, legal, and product warranty claims will not materially exceed the amount of our accrued losses and adversely impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Our accrued liabilities and disclosures will be adjusted accordingly if additional information becomes available in the future.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Balance at beginning of period | $11,274 | $17,067 | $18,176
Remediation expense | 2,602 | 1,182 | 307
Remediation payments | (2,455) | (6,967) | (1,416)
Other activity (1) | 23 | (8) | —
Balance at end of the period | $11,444 | $11,274 | $17,067


Question: What were the Remediation payments in 2017?
Answer: (1,416)
22. JOINT VENTURES (Cont’d)
‘‘NA’’ denotes Not Applicable.
Notes:
(1) Based on the Group’s direct equity interest in AIS.
(2) Others include adjustments to align the respective local accounting standards to SFRS(I).
Table:
 | Airtel | Telkomsel | Globe | AIS
Group - 2017 | S$ Mil | S$ Mil | S$ Mil | S$ Mil
Statement of financial position |  |  |  | 
Current assets | 4,378.4 | 3,546.3 | 1,481.6 | 1,368.4
Non-current assets | 45,611.2 | 6,169.6 | 5,548.1 | 10,027.2
Current liabilities | (13,568.3) | (2,547.9) | (2,344.3) | (2,994.1)
Non-current liabilities | (20,676.7) | (886.5) | (2,909.5) | (6,816.6)
Net assets | 15,744.6 | 6,281.5 | 1,775.9 | 1,584.9
Less: Non-controlling interests | (1,399.0) | - | 0.4 | (5.7)
Net assets attributable to equity holders | 14,345.6 | 6,281.5 | 1,776.3 | 1,579.2
Proportion of the Group’s ownership | 36.5% | 35.0% | 47.1% | 23.3% (1)
Group’s share of net assets | 5,230.4 | 2,198.5 | 837.4 | 368.2
Goodwill capitalised | 1,229.0 | 1,403.6 | 381.7 | 293.3
Others (2) | 387.6 | - | (139.9) | (2.4)
Carrying amount of the investment | 6,847.0 | 3,602.1 | 1,079.2 | 659.1
Other items |  |  |  | 
Cash and cash equivalents | 348.7 | 2,371.9 | 229.1 | 522.0
Non-current financial liabilities excluding trade  Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables | (19,774.0) | (570.2) | (2,658.7) | (3,690.1)
Current financial liabilities excluding trade and other payables | (3,884.7) | (76.6) | (353.6) | (187.4)
Group's share of market value | 10,995.3 | NA | 3,544.1 | 5,013.9


Question: Which is the largest joint venture of Singtel, in terms of the proportion of Group's ownership?
Answer: Globe
Calculation: 47.1 > 36.5 > 35.0 > 23.3
NOTE 11—FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):
Maturities of long-term debt for each of the five years in the period ending September 30, 2024, are as follows: 2020 — $10.7 million; 2021 — $35.7 million; 2022 — $35.7 million; 2023 — $35.7 million; 2024 — $35.7 million.
In March 2013, we entered into a note purchase and private shelf agreement pursuant to which we issued $100.0 million of senior unsecured notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.35% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Pursuant to the agreement, on July 17, 2015, we issued an additional $25.0 million of senior unsecured notes, bearing interest at a rate of 3.70% and maturing on March 12, 2025. Interest payments on the notes issued in 2013 and 2015 are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2021 through 2025. On February 2, 2016 we revised the note purchase agreement and we issued an additional $75.0 million of senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 3.93% and maturing on March 12, 2026. Interest payments on these notes are due semi-annually and principal payments are due from 2020 through 2026.
The agreement pertaining to the aforementioned notes also contained a provision that the coupon rate would increase by a further 0.50% should the company’s leverage ratio exceed a certain level.
Table:
September 30, | 2019 | 2018
Series A senior unsecured notes payable to a group of insurance companies, interest fixed at 3.35% | $  50,000 | $  50,000
Series B senior unsecured notes payable to a group of insurance companies, interest fixed at 3.35% | 50,000 | 50,000
Series C senior unsecured notes payable to a group of insurance companies, interest fixed at 3.70% | 25,000 | 25,000
Series D senior unsecured notes payable to a group of insurance companies, interest fixed at 3.93% | 75,000 | 75,000
 | 200,000 | 200,000
Less unamortized debt issuance costs | (175) | (207)
Less current portion | (10,714) | —
 | $189,111 | $199,793


Question: What are the different series of senior unsecured notes payable to a group of insurance companies?
Answer: Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D
management 2019s discussion and analysis net interest income 2012 versus 2011 . net interest income on the consolidated statements of earnings was $ 3.88 billion for 2012 , 25% ( 25 % ) lower than 2011 . the decrease compared with 2011 was primarily due to lower average yields on financial instruments owned , at fair value , and collateralized agreements . 2011 versus 2010 . net interest income on the consolidated statements of earnings was $ 5.19 billion for 2011 , 6% ( 6 % ) lower than 2010 . the decrease compared with 2010 was primarily due to higher interest expense related to our long-term borrowings and higher dividend expense related to financial instruments sold , but not yet purchased , partially offset by an increase in interest income from higher yielding collateralized agreements . operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity . compensation and benefits includes salaries , discretionary compensation , amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits . discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by , among other factors , the level of net revenues , overall financial performance , prevailing labor markets , business mix , the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment . in the context of more difficult economic and financial conditions , the firm launched an initiative during the second quarter of 2011 to identify areas where we can operate more efficiently and reduce our operating expenses . during 2012 and 2011 , we announced targeted annual run rate compensation and non-compensation reductions of approximately $ 1.9 billion in aggregate . the table below presents our operating expenses and total staff. .

Table:
$ in millions | year ended december 2012 | year ended december 2011 | year ended december 2010
compensation and benefits | $ 12944 | $ 12223 | $ 15376
u.k . bank payrolltax | 2014 | 2014 | 465
brokerage clearing exchange anddistribution fees | 2208 | 2463 | 2281
market development | 509 | 640 | 530
communications and technology | 782 | 828 | 758
depreciation and amortization | 1738 | 1865 | 1889
occupancy | 875 | 1030 | 1086
professional fees | 867 | 992 | 927
insurance reserves1 | 598 | 529 | 398
other expenses | 2435 | 2072 | 2559
total non-compensation expenses | 10012 | 10419 | 10428
total operating expenses | $ 22956 | $ 22642 | $ 26269
total staff atperiod-end2 | 32400 | 33300 | 35700
total staff at period-end 2 32400 33300 35700 1 .
related revenues are included in 201cmarket making 201d on the consolidated statements of earnings .
2 .
includes employees , consultants and temporary staff .
48 goldman sachs 2012 annual report .

Question: what is the percentage change in total operating expenses in 2012?
Answer: 1.4%
Calculation: subtract(22956, 22642), divide(#0, 22642)
Net periodic benefit cost — The components of the fiscal year net periodic benefit cost were as follows (in thousands):
Changes in presentation —As discussed in Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, we adopted ASU 2017-07 during the first quarter of 2019 using the retrospective method, which changed the financial statement presentation of service costs and the other components of net periodic benefit cost. The service cost component continues to be included in operating income; however, the other components are now presented in a separate line below earnings from operations captioned “Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net” in our consolidated statements of earnings. Further, in connection with the adoption, plan administrative expenses historically presented as a component of service cost are now presented as a component of expected return on plan assets. The prior year components of net periodic benefit costs and assumptions on the long-term rate of return on assets have been recast to conform to current year presentation.
Prior service costs are amortized on a straight-line basis from date of participation to full eligibility. Unrecognized gains or losses are amortized using the “corridor approach” under which the net gain or loss in excess of 10% of the greater of the PBO or the market-related value of the assets, if applicable, is amortized. For our Qualified Plan, actuarial losses are amortized over the average future expected lifetime of all participants expected to receive benefits. For our SERP, actuarial losses are amortized over the expected remaining future lifetime for inactive participants, and for our postretirement health plans, actuarial losses are amortized over the expected remaining future lifetime of inactive participants expected to receive benefits.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Qualified Plan: |  |  | 
Interest cost | $19,825 | $19,463 | $19,889
Expected return on plan assets | (26,334) | (26,467) | (26,811)
Actuarial loss | 2,754 | 3,331 | 4,455
Net periodic benefit credit | $(3,755) | $(3,673) | $(2,467)
SERP: |  |  | 
Service cost | $— | $490 | $855
Interest cost | 3,080 | 2,894 | 2,850
Actuarial loss | 1,207 | 1,538 | 1,659
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost | 115 | 146 | 153
Net periodic benefit cost | $4,402 | $5,068 | $5,517
Postretirement health plans: |  |  | 
Interest cost | $997 | $955 | $1,003
Actuarial (gain) loss | (159) | (27) | 162
Net periodic benefit cost | $838 | $928 | $1,165


Question: For SERP, how are actuarial losses amortized?
Answer: Over the expected remaining future lifetime for inactive participants
15. Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables mainly consist of amounts owed to suppliers that have been invoiced or are accrued and contract liabilities relating to consideration received from customers in advance. They also include taxes and social security amounts due in relation to the Group’s role as an employer. Derivative financial instruments with a negative market value are reported within this note.
Accounting policies
Trade payables are not interest-bearing and are stated at their nominal value.
Notes: 1 Previously described as deferred income in the year ended 31 March 2018
2 Items are measured at fair value and the valuation basis is level 2 classification, which comprises items where fair value is determined from inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
3 Includes €823 million (2018: €nil) payable in relation to the irrevocable and non-discretionary share buyback programme announced in January 2019.
The carrying amounts of trade and other payables approximate their fair value.
Materially all of the €1,716 million recorded as current contract liabilities at 1 April 2018 was recognised as revenue during the year.
Other payables included within non-current liabilities include €288 million (2018: €271 million) in respect of the re-insurance of a third party annuity policy related to the Vodafone and CWW Sections of the Vodafone UK Group Pension Scheme.
The fair values of the derivative financial instruments are calculated by discounting the future cash flows to net present values using appropriate market interest rates and foreign currency rates prevailing at 31 March.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | €m | €m
Included within non-current liabilities: |  | 
Other payables | 327 | 314
Accruals | 113 | 159
Contract liabilities1 | 574 | 237
Derivative financial instruments2 | 1,924 | 2,133
 | 2,938 | 2,843
Included within current liabilities: |  | 
Trade payables | 6,541 | 6,185
Amounts owed to associates and joint ventures | 26 | 27
Other taxes and social security payable | 1,218 | 1,177
Other payables3 | 1,410 | 1,346
Accruals | 6,120 | 5,579
Contract liabilities1 | 1,818 | 1,678
Derivative financial instruments2 | 520 | 250
 | 17,653 | 16,242


Question: Which financial years' information is shown in the table?
Answer: 2018, 2019