hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
The Company utilized the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value the stock options. The Company used an expected life as defined under the simplified method, which is using an average of the contractual term and vesting period of the stock options. The risk-free interest rate used for the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The Company accounted for forfeitures as they occur. The historical volatility was calculated based upon implied volatility of the Company's historical stock prices.
The fair value of 2019 and 2018 stock options was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
As of December 31, 2019, there was approximately $419,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding 2019 stock options, expected to be recognized over 3.4 and approximately $418,000 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding 2018 stock options, expected to be recognized over 2.4 years. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense relating stock options granted prior to 2018.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Weighted-average fair value of options granted per share | $8.78 | $6.63
Historical volatility | 60% | 46%
Risk-free interest rate | 2.10% | 2.84%
Dividend yield | — | —
Expected life in years | 3.6 | 5.7


Question: Which year has a higher weighted-average fair value of options granted per share used in the Black-Scholes model?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: Look at Row 2, and compare the values in COL3 and COL 4 to determine the answer
Operating Income and Operating Margin
Operating income for fiscal 2019 increased $406 million, or 7%, over fiscal 2018.
Operating income and operating margin for each of the operating groups were as follows:
Amounts in table may not total due to rounding.
(1) Effective September 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost. Certain components of pension service costs were reclassified from Operating expenses to Non-operating expenses. Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
Table:
 |  | Fiscal |  |  | 
 | 2019 |  | 2018 (1) |  | 
 | Operating Income | Operating Margin | Operating Income | Operating Margin | Increase (Decrease)
 |  |  | (in millions of U.S. dollars) |  | 
Communications, Media & Technology | $1,555 | 18% | $1,380 | 17% | $175
Financial Services | 1,238 | 15 | 1,365 | 16 | (128)
Health & Public Service | 739 | 10 | 766 | 11 | (27)
Products | 1,720 | 14 | 1,664 | 15 | 56
Resources | 1,053 | 16 | 724 | 12 | 330
TOTAL | $6,305 | 14.6% | $5,899 | 14.4% | $406


Question: How much did total operating income gain from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 6.88
Calculation: 406/5,899
ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (continued) (in thousands, except per share amounts)
NOTE 11. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net is comprised of the following:
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Buildings and land | $1,693 | $1,737
Machinery and equipment | 108,945 | 41,330
Computer and communication equipment | 29,106 | 24,051
Furniture and fixtures | 4,119 | 3,203
Vehicles | 262 | 282
Leasehold improvements | 33,041 | 20,593
Construction in process | 9,089 | 867
 | 186,255 | 92,063
Less: Accumulated depreciation | (78,146) | (60,794)
Property and equipment, net | $108,109 | $31,269


Question: What was the amount for buildings and land in 2019?
Answer: $1,693
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net decreased by $4.3 million in 2018 compared to 2017 as a result of an increase in interest expense of $5.7 million related to interest expense due under our convertible senior notes. This increase was offset by an increase of $1.4 million of interest income earned on our short-term investments.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | Change | 
 | 2018 | 2017 | $ | %
 |  | (dollars in thousands) |  | 
Other expense, net | $ 4,628 | $ 302 | $ 4,326 | 1432.5%
% of revenue | 3% | 0% |  | 


Question: In which year was Other expense, net less than 1,000 thousands?
Answer: 2017
Calculation: locate and analyze other expense in row 4
The following table presents the components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities (in millions):
As of July 27, 2019, our federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were $676 million, $1 billion, and $756 million, respectively. A significant amount of the net operating loss carryforwards relates to acquisitions and, as a result, is limited in the amount that can be recognized in any one year. If not utilized, the federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2020. We have provided a valuation allowance of $111 million for deferred tax assets related to foreign net operating losses that are not expected to be realized.
As of July 27, 2019, our federal, state, and foreign tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $25 million, $1.1 billion, and $5 million, respectively. The federal tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in fiscal 2020. The majority of state and foreign tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely. We have provided a valuation allowance of $346 million for deferred tax assets related to state and foreign tax credits that are not expected to be realized.
Table:
 | July 27, 2019 | July 28, 2018
ASSETS |  | 
Allowance for doubtful accounts and returns . | $ 127 | $ 285
Sales-type and direct-financing leases | 176 | 171
Inventory write-downs and capitalization | 409 | 289
Investment provisions . | — | 54
IPR&D, goodwill, and purchased intangible assets | 1,427 | 63
Deferred revenue . | 1,150 | 1,584
Credits and net operating loss carryforwards . | 1,241 | 1,087
Share-based compensation expense | 164 | 190
Accrued compensation | 342 | 370
Other | 419 | 408
Gross deferred tax assets | 5,455 | 4,501
Valuation allowance | (457) | (374)
Total deferred tax assets . | 4,998 | 4,127
LIABILITIES |  | 
Purchased intangible assets . | (705) | (753)
Depreciation . | (141) | (118)
Unrealized gains on investments . | (70) | (33)
Other | (112) | (145)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,028) | (1,049)
Total net deferred tax assets | $3,970 | $3,078


Question: What was the Sales-type and direct-financing leases in 2019?
Answer: 176
Research and Development Expenses: research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related expenditures. We intend to continue to invest significantly in our research and development efforts because, in our judgment, they are essential to maintaining our competitive position.
(1) Excluding stock-based compensation
On a constant currency basis, total research and development expenses were flat in fiscal 2019, as lower employee related expenses including lower variable compensation were offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expenses .
Table:
Year Ended May 31, |  |  |  | 
 |  |  | Percent Change | 
(Dollars in millions) | 2019 | Actual | Constant | 2018
Research and development (1) | $5,063 | -2% | 0% | $5,163
Stock-based compensation | 963 | 5% | 5% | 921
Total expenses | $6,026 | -1% | 0% | $6,084
% of Total Revenues | 15% |  |  | 15%


Question: How much more was the research and development expenses in 2018 compared to 2019?
Answer: 100
Calculation: 5,163 - 5,063
Share Options
The Company estimates the fair value of employee share options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the use of highly subjective estimates and assumptions. The Company estimates the expected term of share options for service-based awards utilizing the “Simplified Method,” as it does not have sufficient historical share option exercise information on which to base its estimate. The Simplified Method is based on the average of the vesting tranches and the contractual life of each grant.
The risk-free interest rate is based on a treasury instrument whose term is consistent with the expected life of the share option. Since there was no public market for the Company’s ordinary shares prior to the IPO and as its shares have been publicly traded for a limited time, the Company determined the expected volatility for options granted based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies that issue options with substantially similar terms.
The expected volatility of options granted has been determined using an average of the historical volatility measures of this peer group of companies. The Company uses an expected dividend rate of zero as it currently has no history or expectation of paying dividends on its ordinary shares. The fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares at the time of each share option grant is based on the closing market value of its ordinary shares on the grant date.
The fair value of each share option grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that used the following weighted-average assumptions:
The weighted-average per share fair value of share options granted to employees during the years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $16.48, $11.12 and $8.65 per share, respectively.
Table:
 |  | Year ended March 31,  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Expected term (in years) | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1
Risk-free interest rate | 2.7% | 2.2% | 2.1%
Expected volatility | 41.5% | 39.8% | 41.0%
Expected dividend yield   | —% | —% | —%
Estimated grant date fair value per ordinary share | $37.15 | $26.52 | $20.22


Question: What was the change in the Risk-free interest rate from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 0.5
Calculation: 2.7 - 2.2
This section sets out the assets and liabilities subject to a committed plan to sell.
At 30 June 2019, assets held for sale includes Group properties (2018: assets and liabilities relating to the Petrol business, and other Group properties, have been classified as held for sale).
Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, and financial assets which are specifically exempt from this measurement requirement.
An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset, but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the asset is recognised at the date of derecognition. Assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | $M | $M
Property, plant and equipment | 209 | 666
Other assets | 16 | 155
Total assets classified as held for sale | 225 | 821
Provisions | – | 21
Total liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale | – | 21


Question: What is the total assets classified as held for sale in 2019?
Answer: 225
federal realty investment trust schedule iii summary of real estate and accumulated depreciation 2014continued three years ended december 31 , 2007 reconciliation of accumulated depreciation and amortization ( in thousands ) .

Table:
balance december 31 2004 | $ 595338
additions during period 2014depreciation and amortization expense | 83656
deductions during period 2014disposition and retirements of property | -15244 ( 15244 )
balance december 31 2005 | $ 663750
additions during period 2014depreciation and amortization expense | 89564
deductions during period 2014disposition and retirements of property | -12807 ( 12807 )
balance december 31 2006 | $ 740507
additions during period 2014depreciation and amortization expense | 96454
deductions during period 2014disposition and retirements of property | -80258 ( 80258 )
balance december 31 2007 | $ 756703
.

Question: what is the variation of the additions during 2005 and 2006 , in thousands of dollars?
Answer: 5908
Calculation: subtract(89564, 83656)
9. Audit, audit related and other non-audit services  The following fees were paid or are payable to the company’s auditors, KPMG LLP and other firms in the KPMG network, for the year ended 31 March 2019. Figures in the table below for the years ended 31 March 2017 and 2018 are in respect of fees paid to the company’s previous auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
a Services in relation to the audit of the parent company and the consolidated financial statements, including fees for reports under section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. This also includes fees payable for the statutory audits of the financial statements of subsidiary companies. This excludes amounts for the audit of BT Group Employee Share Ownership Trust and Ilford Trustees (Jersey) Limited amounting to £32,000.
b During the year a further £446,000 of fees were payable to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in relation to the audit of 2017/18 subsidiary accounts and the audit of our restated IAS 19 accounting valuation of retirement benefit obligations, which have not been included in the 2019 balances in the above table.
c Services in relation to other statutory filings or engagements that are required by law or regulation to be carried out by an appointed auditor. This includes fees for the review of interim results, the accrued fee for the audit of the group’s regulatory financial statements and reporting associated with the group’s US debt shelf registration. d Services relating to tax returns, tax audits, monitoring and enquiries.
e Fees payable for all taxation advisory services not falling within taxation compliance. All other assurance services include fees payable to KPMG LLP for agreed upon procedures performed on the estimated impact of the new IFRS 15 revenue accounting standard, which took effect from 1 April 2018 for the 2017/18 audit. g Fees payable for all non-audit services not covered above, principally comprising other advisory services.
f All other assurance services include fees payable to KPMG LLP for agreed upon procedures performed on the estimated impact of the new IFRS 15 revenue accounting standard, which took effect from 1 April 2018 for the 2017/18 audit.
g Fees payable for all non-audit services not covered above, principally comprising other advisory services.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Year ended 31 March | £000 | £000 | £000
Fees payable to the company’s auditors and its associates for: |  |  | 
Audit services a,b |  |  | 
The audit of the parent company and the consolidated financial statements | 8,165 | 5,418 | 4,316
The audit of the company’s subsidiaries | 6,061 | 5,877 | 5,675
 | 14,226 | 11,295 | 9,991
Audit related assurance services c | 2,236 | 1,771 | 1,865
Other non-audit services |  |  | 
Taxation compliance services d | – | – | 366
Taxation advisory services e | – | – | 111
All other assurance services f | 748 | 211 | 200
All other services g | 210 | 592 | 2,332
 | 958 | 803 | 3,009
Total services | 17,420 | 13,869 | 14,865


Question: What is the percentage change in the Total services from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 25.6
Calculation: 17,420 / 13,869 - 1
Foreign currency translation risk
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in foreign currencies impact the amount of total assets and liabilities that we report for our foreign subsidiaries upon the translation of these amounts into U.S. dollars. In particular, the amount of cash and cash equivalents that we report in U.S. dollars for a significant portion of the cash held by these subsidiaries is subject to translation variance caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of the end of each respective reporting period (the offset to which is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income on our Consolidated Balance Sheets).
The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents denominated in certain major foreign currencies as of June 30, 2019 (equivalent in U.S. dollar):
If overall foreign currency exchange rates in comparison to the U.S. dollar uniformly weakened by 10%, the amount of cash and cash equivalents we would report in equivalent U.S. dollars would decrease by approximately $32.9 million (June 30, 2018—$34.6 million), assuming we have not entered into any derivatives discussed above under "Foreign Currency Transaction Risk".
Table:
(In thousands) | U.S. Dollar Equivalent at June 30, 2019 | U.S. Dollar Equivalent at June 30, 2018
Euro | $120,417 | $120,346
British Pound | 33,703 | 31,211
Canadian Dollar | 12,635 | 24,590
Swiss Franc | 56,776 | 52,652
Other foreign currencies | 105,273 | 117,459
Total cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies | 328,804 | 346,258
U.S. dollar | 612,205 | 336,684
Total cash and cash equivalents | $941,009 | $682,942


Question: What is the reporting currency?
Answer: U.S. dollar
Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, and current and non-current portion of restricted cash reported on the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019 (table in millions):
Amounts included in restricted cash primarily relate to certain employee-related benefits, as well as amounts related to installment payments to certain employees as part of acquisitions, subject to the achievement of specified future employment conditions.
Table:
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents | $2,915 | $3,532
Restricted cash within other current assets | 83 | 35
Restricted cash within other assets | 33 | 29
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $3,031 | $3,596


Question: What do amounts included in restricted cash primarily relate to?
Answer: certain employee-related benefits, as well as amounts related to installment payments to certain employees as part of acquisitions, subject to the achievement of specified future employment conditions.
GAAP Results of Operations
Key Performance Indicators* (in millions):
* excludes discontinued operations (See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
** excludes special charges, net (See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).
1 Includes $20.0 million of income tax benefits primarily related to the reversal of valuation allowances against the Company's deferred tax assets and the
impacts of U.S. tax reform enacted in Q4 of 2017.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, |  | Change | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2019 vs 2018 | 2018 vs 2017
Net sales of continuing operations |  |  |  |  | 
Consolidated net sales | $946.9 | $896.9 | $791.8 | 5.6% | 13.3%
Consolidated gross profits | $325.7 | $307.7 | $273.2 | 5.8% | 12.6%
Consolidated gross margin | 34.4% | 34.3% | 34.5% | 0.1% | (0.2)%
Consolidated SD&A costs ** | $260.4 | $245.2 | $227.2 | 6.2% | 7.9%
Consolidated SD&A costs ** as % of sales | 27.5% | 27.3% | 28.7% | 0.2% | (1.4)%
Consolidated operating income | $66.1 | $61.7 | $45.7 | 7.1% | 35.0%
Consolidated operating margin from continuing operations | 7.0% | 6.9% | 5.8% | 0.1% | 1.1%
Effective income tax rate | 24.4% | 21.3% | (44.0)% | 3.1% | 65.3%
Net income from continuing operations | $50.0 | $49.5 | 65.5 (1) | 1.0% | (24.4)%
Net margin from continuing operations | 5.3% | 5.5% | 8.3% | (0.2)% | (2.8)%
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax $ | $(1.5) | $175.2 | $(25.1) | (100.9)% | 798.0%


Question: What is the change in consolidated gross profits between 2019 vs 2018 and 2018 vs 2017 respectively?
Answer: 5.8%, 12.6%
2 Alternative performance measures continued
Cash generation
Cash generation is one of the Group’s key performance indicators used by the Board to monitor the performance of the Group and measure the successful implementation of our strategy. It is one of three financial measures on which Executive Directors’ variable remuneration is based.
Cash generation is adjusted operating profit after adding back depreciation and amortisation (excluding IFRS 16 depreciation), less cash payments to pension schemes in excess of the charge to operating profit, equity settled share plans and working capital changes.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | £m | £m
Adjusted operating profit | 282.7 | 264.9
Depreciation and amortisation (excluding IFRS16 depreciation) | 34.3 | 32.9
Cash payments to pension schemes in excess of charge to P&L | (5.2) | (4.6)
Equity settled share plans | 6.2 | 5.7
Working capital changes | (21.4) | (22.5)
Cash generation | 296.6 | 276.4


Question: For which years was the cash generation calculated in?
Answer: 2019, 2018
GasLog Ltd. and its Subsidiaries
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Vessels under construction represent scheduled advance payments to the shipyards as well as certain capitalized expenditures. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has paid to the shipyard $197,637 for the vessels that are under construction and expects to pay the remaining installments as they come due upon each vessel’s keel laying, launching and delivery (Note 23(a)).
The vessels under construction costs as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 are comprised of:
Table:
 | As of  December 31, | 
 | 2018 | 2019
Progress shipyard installments | 152,075 | 197,637
Onsite supervision costs | 5,766 | 3,879
Critical spare parts, equipment and other vessel delivery expenses | 1,434 | 1,807
Total | 159,275 | 203,323


Question: Which year was the progress shipyard installments lower?
Answer: 2018
Calculation: 152,075 < 197,637