hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Long-lived assets by geographic region were as follows (amounts in millions):
The only long-lived assets that we classify by region are our long-term tangible fixed assets, which consist of property, plant, and equipment assets, and beginning with 2019, as a result of our adoption of a new lease accounting standard, our lease ROU assets; all other long-term assets are not allocated by location.
For information regarding significant customers, see “Concentration of Credit Risk” in Note 2.
Table:
 |  | At December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Long-lived assets* by geographic region: |  |  | 
Americas | $322 | $203 | $197
EMEA | 142 | 62 | 75
Asia Pacific | 21 | 17 | 22
Total long-lived assets by geographic region | $485 | $282 | $294


Question: What was the percentage change in the long-lived assets in Asia Pacific between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 23.53
Calculation: (21-17)/17
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at each fiscal year-end are presented below (in thousands):
The Tax Act was enacted into law on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act included a reduction in the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate (the “Tax Rate”) from 35% to 21% and introduced new limitations on certain business deductions. As a result, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, we recognized a year-to-date, non-cash $32.5 million tax provision expense impact primarily related to the re-measurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the reduced Tax Rate.
Deferred tax assets as of September 29, 2019 include state net operating loss carry-forwards of approximately$27.4 million expiring at various times between 2020 and 2038. At September 29, 2019, we recorded a valuation allowance of$2.5 million related to losses and state tax credits, which decreased from the$3.6 million at September 30, 2018 primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance on prior year net operating losses. We believe that it is more likely than not that these net operating loss and credit carry-forwards will not be realized and that all other deferred tax assets will be realized through future taxable income or alternative tax strategies.
The major jurisdictions in which the Company files income tax returns include the United States and states in which we operate that impose an income tax. The federal statutes of limitations have not expired for fiscal years 2016 and forward. The statutes of limitations for California and Texas, which constitute the Company’s major state tax jurisdictions, have not expired for fiscal years 2015 and forward.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Deferred tax assets: |  | 
Accrued defined benefit pension and postretirement benefits | $46,918 | $34,776
Deferred income | 13,803 | 1,535
Impairment | 9,981 | 11,388
Accrued insurance | 7,133 | 8,994
Share-based compensation | 5,415 | 4,936
Tax loss and tax credit carryforwards | 5,327 | 7,458
Lease commitments related to closed or refranchised locations | 3,786 | 4,696
Deferred interest deduction | 3,188 | —
Other reserves and allowances | 2,965 | 851
Accrued incentive compensation | 2,617 | 2,055
Accrued compensation expense | 1,092 | 2,034
Interest rate swaps | — | 181
Other, net | 868 | 2,206
Total gross deferred tax assets | 103,093 | 81,110
Valuation allowance | (2,485) | (3,554)
Total net deferred tax assets | 100,608 | 77,556
Deferred tax liabilities: |  | 
Intangible assets | (10,520) | (10,492)
Leasing transactions | (3,822) | (2,790)
Property and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation | (128) | (1,855)
Other | (574) | (279)
Total gross deferred tax liabilities | (15,044) | (15,416)
Net deferred tax assets | $85,564 | $62,140


Question: Why was there a decrease of valuation allowance from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: Due to the release of the valuation allowance on prior year net operating losses
For 2019, we reported a net income of $1,032 million, compared to a net income of $1,287 million and $802 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The 2019 net income represented diluted earnings per share of $1.14 compared to $1.41 and $0.89 for 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (In millions) | 
Net income attributable to parent company | $1,032 | $1,287 | $802
As percentage of net revenues | 10.8% | 13.3% | 9.6%


Question: How much net income represented diluted earnings per share in 2018?
Answer: $1.41
Unrecognized deferred tax assets
Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in respect of the following items, given the volatile nature of the semi-conductor equipment industry. Therefore it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available to offset deductible temporary differences.
1 These credits regards R&D credits generated in the US, in the state of Arizona. However, ASMI does not recognize these credits stemming from prior years due to the fact that utilization of prior year credits is only possibly if and when the credits generated in the current year are fully utilized. Given the level of R&D activity in the US, the company does not expect it could fully utilize the credits generated in the current year and, hence, does not expect to benefit from the available credits generated in prior years.
Table:
 | 2019 | 
 | Gross amount | Tax effect
Deductible temporary differences | 20,642 | 4,842
Credits 1) | 15,221 | 15,221
Unrecognized deferred tax assets | 35,863 | 20,063


Question: What is the difference in the gross amount of  Deductible temporary differences and Credits?
Answer: 5421
Calculation: 20,642-15,221
entergy louisiana , inc . management's financial discussion and analysis setting any of entergy louisiana's rates . therefore , to the extent entergy louisiana's use of the proceeds would ordinarily have reduced its rate base , no change in rate base shall be reflected for ratemaking purposes . the sec approval for additional return of equity capital is now expired . entergy louisiana's receivables from or ( payables to ) the money pool were as follows as of december 31 for each of the following years: .

Table:
2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001
( in thousands ) | ( in thousands ) | ( in thousands ) | ( in thousands )
$ 40549 | ( $ 41317 ) | $ 18854 | $ 3812
money pool activity used $ 81.9 million of entergy louisiana's operating cash flow in 2004 , provided $ 60.2 million in 2003 , and used $ 15.0 million in 2002 .
see note 4 to the domestic utility companies and system energy financial statements for a description of the money pool .
investing activities the decrease of $ 25.1 million in net cash used by investing activities in 2004 was primarily due to decreased spending on customer service projects , partially offset by increases in spending on transmission projects and fossil plant projects .
the increase of $ 56.0 million in net cash used by investing activities in 2003 was primarily due to increased spending on customer service , transmission , and nuclear projects .
financing activities the decrease of $ 404.4 million in net cash used by financing activities in 2004 was primarily due to : 2022 the net issuance of $ 98.0 million of long-term debt in 2004 compared to the retirement of $ 261.0 million in 2022 a principal payment of $ 14.8 million in 2004 for the waterford lease obligation compared to a principal payment of $ 35.4 million in 2003 ; and 2022 a decrease of $ 29.0 million in common stock dividends paid .
the decrease of $ 105.5 million in net cash used by financing activities in 2003 was primarily due to : 2022 a decrease of $ 125.9 million in common stock dividends paid ; and 2022 the repurchase of $ 120 million of common stock from entergy corporation in 2002 .
the decrease in net cash used in 2003 was partially offset by the following : 2022 the retirement in 2003 of $ 150 million of 8.5% ( 8.5 % ) series first mortgage bonds compared to the net retirement of $ 134.6 million of first mortgage bonds in 2002 ; and 2022 principal payments of $ 35.4 million in 2003 for the waterford 3 lease obligation compared to principal payments of $ 15.9 million in 2002 .
see note 5 to the domestic utility companies and system energy financial statements for details of long-term debt .
uses of capital entergy louisiana requires capital resources for : 2022 construction and other capital investments ; 2022 debt and preferred stock maturities ; 2022 working capital purposes , including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs ; and 2022 dividend and interest payments. .

Question: what is the difference of the payment for waterford lease obligation between 2003 and 2004?
Answer: 20.6
Calculation: subtract(35.4, 14.8)
GasLog Ltd. and its Subsidiaries
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
29. Earnings/(losses) per share (‘‘EPS’’)
Basic earnings/(losses) per share was calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year attributable to the owners of the common shares after deducting the dividend on Preference Shares by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during the year.
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year attributable to the owners of the Group adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares by the weighted average number of all potential ordinary shares assumed to have been converted into common shares, unless such potential ordinary shares have an antidilutive effect.
The following reflects the earnings/(losses) and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings/ (losses) per share computations:
The Group excluded the effect of 2,630,173 SARs and 367,162 RSUs in calculating diluted EPS for the year ended December 31, 2019, as they were anti-dilutive (December 31, 2018: 555,453 SARs and 0 RSUs, December 31, 2017: 998,502 SARs and 0 RSUs).
Table:
 |  | For the year ended December 31, | 
 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019
Basic earnings/(loss) per share |  |  | 
Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to owners of the Group | 15,506 | 47,683 | (100,661)
Less: Dividends on Preference Shares | (10,064) | (10,063) | (10,063)
Profit/(loss) for the year available to owners of the Group | 5,442 | 37,620 | (110,724)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic | 80,622,788 | 80,792,837 | 80,849,818
Basic earnings/(loss) per share | 0.07 | 0.47 | (1.37)
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share |  |  | 
Profit/(loss) for the year available to owners of the Group used in the calculation of diluted EPS | 5,442 | 37,620 | (110,724)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic | 80,622,788 | 80,792,837 | 80,849,818
Dilutive potential ordinary shares | 643,342 | 844,185 | —
Weighted average number of shares used in the calculation of diluted EPS | 81,266,130 | 81,637,022 | 80,849,818
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share | 0.07 | 0.46 | (1.37)


Question: Which year was the basic earnings per share the highest?
Answer: 2018
Calculation: 0.47 > 0.07 > (1.37)
Unearned Revenue
Unearned revenue as of the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
Unearned subscription and SaaS revenue is generally recognized over time as customers consume the services or ratably over the term of the subscription, commencing upon provisioning of the service. Previously, unearned subscription and SaaS revenue was allocated between unearned license revenue and unearned software maintenance revenue in prior periods and has been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.
Unearned software maintenance revenue is attributable to our maintenance contracts and is generally recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contract duration. The weighted-average remaining contractual term as of January 31, 2020 was approximately two years. Unearned professional services revenue results primarily from prepaid professional services and is generally recognized as the services are performed.
Table:
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1,2019
Unearned license revenue | $19 | $15
Unearned subscription and SaaS revenue | 1,534 | 916
Unearned software maintenance revenue | 6,700 | 5,741
Unearned professional services revenue | 1,015 | 767
Total unearned revenue | $9,268 | $7,439


Question: What was the percentage change in total unearned revenue between 2019 and 2020?
Answer: 24.59
Calculation: (9,268-7,439)/7,439
Stock Options
The following table summarizes activity involving stock option awards for the year ended December 31, 2019:
The aggregate intrinsic value of our options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019 was less than $1 million. The weighted-average remaining contractual term for such options was 0.18 years.
During 2019, we received net cash proceeds of less than $1 million in connection with our option exercises. The tax benefit realized from these exercises was less than $1 million. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, was less than $1 million each year.
Table:
 | Number of options | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
 | (in thousands) | 
Outstanding and Exercisable at December 31, 2018 | 543 | $27.46
Exercised | (6) | 11.38
Forfeited/Expired | (68) | 24.78
Outstanding and Exercisable at December 31, 2019 | 469 | 28.04


Question: What is the percentage change in the weighted-average exercise price for options outstanding and exercisable in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 2.11
Calculation: (28.04-27.46)/27.46
Deferred Revenues
Deferred revenues consist primarily of prepayments for license fees, and other products or services for which we have been paid in advance, and earn the revenue when we transfer control of the product or service. Deferred revenues may also include upfront payments for consulting services to be performed in the future, such as non-recurring engineering services.
We defer license fees until we have met all accounting requirements for revenue recognition, which is when a license is made available to a customer and that customer has a right to use the license. Engineering development fee revenues are deferred until engineering services have been completed and accepted by our customers. We defer AirBar and sensor modules revenues until distributors sell the products to their end customers
Under U.S. GAAP, companies may make reasonable aggregations and approximations of returns data to accurately estimate returns. Our AirBar and sensor module returns and warranty experience to date has enabled us to make reasonable returns estimates, which are supported by the fact that our product sales involve homogenous transactions. The reserve for future sales returns is recorded as a reduction of our accounts receivable and revenue and was insignificant as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
The following table presents our deferred revenues by source (in thousands);
Table:
 | Years ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Deferred license fees revenues | $28 | $-
Deferred NRE revenues | 20 | -
Deferred AirBar revenues | 6 | 59
Deferred sensor modules revenues | 13 | 16
 | $67 | $75


Question: What are the total deferred revenues for both 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 142
Calculation: $67+$75
9. BALANCE SHEET DETAILS (Continued)
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
Table:
 | Fiscal year-end | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Long-term taxes payable | $37,385 | $36,336
Deferred compensation (see Note 13) | 39,715 | 40,895
Deferred tax liabilities (see Note 16) | 27,785 | 26,339
Deferred revenue | 8,012 | 5,091
Asset retirement obligations liability (see Note 2) | 4,934 | 4,529
Defined benefit plan liabilities (see Note 14) | 45,862 | 37,528
Other long-term liabilities | 2,188 | 1,238
Total other long-term liabilities | $165,881 | $151,956


Question: In which year was Other long-term liabilities larger?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: 2,188>1,238
Interest Cost
The following table presents the amount of interest cost recognized relating to both the contractual interest coupon and amortization of the debt discount, issuance costs, and effective portion of interest rate contracts with respect to the Senior Notes, convertible notes, the term loan agreement, commercial paper, and the revolving credit facility during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019, June 24, 2018, and June 25, 2017.
The increase in interest expense during the 12 months ended June 30, 2019, is primarily the result of the issuance of $2.5 billion of Senior Notes in March 2019.
Table:
 |  | YearEnded | 
 | June 30, 2019 | June 24, 2018 | June 25, 2017
 |  | (in thousands) | 
Contractual interest coupon | $100,712 | $77,091 | $95,195
Amortization of interest discount | 3,937 | 12,225 | 22,873
Amortization of issuance costs | 1,426 | 2,034 | 2,414
Effect of interest rate contracts, net | 4,086 | 3 | (4,756)
Total interest cost recognized | $110,161 | $91,353 | $115,726


Question: What is the cause of the increase in interest expense during the 12 months ended June 30, 2019?
Answer: the issuance of $2.5 billion of Senior Notes in March 2019
Foreign Currency Risk
The Group is exposed to translation and transaction foreign exchange risk. Several other currencies in addition to the reporting currency of US dollar are used, including sterling and the euro. The Group experiences currency exchange differences arising upon retranslation of monetary items (primarily short-term inter-Company balances and long-term borrowings), which are recognised as an expense in the period the difference occurs. The Group endeavours to match cash inflows and outflows in the various currencies; the Group typically invoices its customers in their local currency and pays its local expenses in local currency, as a means to mitigate this risk.
The Group is also exposed to exchange differences arising from the translation of its subsidiaries’ Financial Statements into the Group’s reporting currency of US dollar, with the corresponding exchange differences taken directly to equity.
The following table illustrates the movement that ten per cent in the value of sterling or the euro against the US dollar would have had on the Group’s profit or loss for the period and on the Group’s equity as at the end of the period.
Any foreign exchange variance would be recognised as unrealised foreign exchange in the Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and have no impact on cash flows.
Table:
 | Year-ended 31 March 2019 | Year-ended 31 March 2018
 | $M | $M
10% movement in sterling to US dollar value |  | 
Profit or loss | 1.7 | 5.1
Equity | 33.8 | 37.4
10% movement in euro to US dollar value |  | 
Profit or loss | 1.5 | 7.5
Equity | (9.8) | (10.8)


Question: What was the percentage change in the impact on Equity from a 10% movement in sterling to US dollar value in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: -9.63
Calculation: (33.8-37.4)/37.4
operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue .

Table:
 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004
marketing and sales | 27% ( 27 % ) | 28% ( 28 % ) | 28% ( 28 % )
research and development | 31% ( 31 % ) | 29% ( 29 % ) | 31% ( 31 % )
general and administrative | 10% ( 10 % ) | 10% ( 10 % ) | 7% ( 7 % )
operating expense summary 2006 compared to 2005 overall operating expenses increased $ 122.5 million in 2006 , as compared to 2005 , primarily due to : 2022 an increase of $ 58.4 million in stock-based compensation expense due to our adoption of sfas no .
123r ; and 2022 an increase of $ 49.2 million in salary , benefits and other employee-related costs , primarily due to an increased number of employees and increases in bonus and commission costs , in part due to our acquisition of verisity ltd. , or verisity , in the second quarter of 2005 .
2005 compared to 2004 operating expenses increased $ 97.4 million in 2005 , as compared to 2004 , primarily due to : 2022 an increase of $ 63.3 million in employee salary and benefit costs , primarily due to our acquisition of verisity and increased bonus and commission costs ; 2022 an increase of $ 9.9 million in stock-based compensation expense due to grants of restricted stock and the assumption of options in our acquisitions ; 2022 an increase of $ 8.6 million in losses associated with the sale of installment contract receivables ; and 2022 an increase of $ 7.1 million in costs related to the retirement of our executive chairman and former president and chief executive officer in 2005 ; partially offset by 2022 our restructuring activities , as discussed below .
marketing and sales 2006 compared to 2005 marketing and sales expenses increased $ 39.4 million in 2006 , as compared to 2005 , primarily due to : 2022 an increase of $ 14.8 million in stock-based compensation expense due to our adoption of sfas no .
123r ; 2022 an increase of $ 18.2 million in employee salary , commissions , benefits and other employee-related costs due to increased hiring of sales and technical personnel , and higher commissions earned resulting from an increase in 2006 sales performance ; and 2022 an increase of $ 7.8 million in marketing programs and customer-focused conferences due to our new marketing initiatives and increased travel to visit our customers .
2005 compared to 2004 marketing and sales expenses increased $ 33.1 million in 2005 , as compared to 2004 , primarily due to : 2022 an increase of $ 29.4 million in employee salary , commission and benefit costs due to increased hiring of sales and technical personnel and higher employee bonuses and commissions ; and 2022 an increase of $ 1.6 million in stock-based compensation expense due to grants of restricted stock and the assumption of options in our acquisitions ; partially offset by 2022 a decrease of $ 1.9 million in marketing program costs. .

Question: what was the change in marketing and sales expenses as a percentage of total revenue from 2005 to 2006?
Answer: -1%
Calculation: subtract(27%, 28%)
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $24.2 million, or 31%, in 2019 as compared to 2018. The increase was principally due to the 2018 Reallocation of headcount from sales and marketing to research and development, as well as investments to maintain and improve the functionality of our products. As a result, we incurred increased employee-related costs of $16.3 million and increased overhead costs of $3.4 million.
Research and development expenses increased $15.0 million, or 24%, in 2018 as compared to 2017. The increase was principally due to the 2018 Reallocation of headcount from sales and marketing to research and development, as well as investments to maintain and improve the functionality of our products. As a result, we incurred increased employee-related costs of $12.1 million.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (dollars in thousands) | 
Research and development | $101,151 | $76,981 | $61,975
Percent of revenue | 17.5% | 14.3% | 12.9%


Question: What was the percentage of revenue of research and development in 2018?
Answer: 14.3%
* Recast to reflect segment changes.
** 2019 results were impacted by Red Hat purchase accounting and acquisition-related activity.
The Cloud & Cognitive Software gross profit margin decreased 0.9 points to 76.7 percent in 2019 compared to the prior year. The gross profit margin decline was driven by the purchase price accounting impacts from the Red Hat acquisition.
Pre-tax income of $7,952 million decreased 10.5 percent compared to the prior year with a pre-tax margin decline of 4.4 points to 30.6 percent which reflects the acquisition of Red Hat, ongoing investments in key strategic areas and lower income from IP partnership agreements.
Table:
($ in millions) |  |  | 
For thee year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018* | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/ Margin Change**
Cloud & Cognitive Software |  |  | 
External gross profit | $17,790 | $17,224 | 3.3%
External gross profit margin | 76.7% | 77.6% | (0.9)pts.
Pre-tax income | $ 7,952 | $ 8,882 | (10.5)%
Pre-tax margin | 30.6% | 35.0% | (4.4)pts.


Question: What was the average Pre tax margin in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 32.8
Calculation: (30.6% + 35.0%) / 2