hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Item 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Aggregate audit fees, audit-related fees, tax fees and the aggregate of all other fees billed to us by Ernst & Young LLP for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
(1) Audit Fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the integrated audit of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of the quarterly consolidated financial statements and foreign statutory audits and services that are normally provided by Ernst & Young LLP in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements. Audit fees also include accounting consultations, research related to the integrated audit and comfort letter services in relation to our exchangeable senior notes.
(2) Audit-Related Fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” This primarily consists of fees for service organization control audits and due diligence on acquisitions.
(3) Tax fees relate to assistance with tax compliance, tax planning and various tax advisory services.
(4) Other fees are any additional amounts for products and services provided by the principal accountants.
Our audit committee has adopted a pre-approval policy for the engagement of our independent accountant to perform certain audit and non-audit services. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to assure that such engagements do not impair the independence of our auditors, the audit committee pre-approves annually all audit services, audit related services, tax services and other services as described above, that may be performed by our independent accountants. All of the audit and non-audit services provided by our principal accountants have been pre-approved by our Audit Committee.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | (U.S. $ in thousands) | 
Audit fees (1) | $2,980 | $3,469
Audit-related fees (2) | 648 | 447
Tax fees (3) | 220 | 238
Other fees (4) | 8 | 3
Total | $3,856 | $4,157


Question: For fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, what is the percentage constitution of audit fees among the total fees?
Answer: 83.45
Calculation: 3,469/4,157
The following table presents cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2017, items recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense in 2018, additional items deferred during 2018 and cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2017. The items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense have been recorded on our consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
(1) Amounts currently recognized in net periodic benefits expense include $375 million of benefit arising from the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 1— Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detail.
(2) Amounts currently recognized in net periodic benefits expense include $32 million arising from the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 1— Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detail.
Table:
 |  |  | As of and for the Years Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2017 | Recognition of Net Periodic Benefits Expense | Deferrals | Net Change in AOCL | 2018
 |  |  | (Dollars in millions) |  | 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  | 
Pension plans: |  |  |  |  | 
Net actuarial (loss) gain | $(2,892) | 179 | (260) | (81) | (2,973)
Prior service benefit (cost) | 54 | (8) | — | (8) | 46
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(1) | 1,107 | (418) | 65 | (353) | 754
Total pension plans | (1,731) | (247) | (195) | (442) | (2,173)
Post-retirement benefit plans: |  |  |  |  | 
Net actuarial (loss) gain | (250) | — | 257 | 257 | 7
Prior service (cost) benefit | (107) | 20 | — | 20 | (87)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(2) | 122 | (37) | (63) | (100) | 22
Total post-retirement benefit plans | (235) | (17) | 194 | 177 | (58)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss | $(1,966) | (264) | (1) | (265) | (2,231)


Question: What does the deferred income tax benefit (expense) under pension plans currently recognize? 
Answer: Amounts currently recognized in net periodic benefits expense include $375 million of benefit arising from the adoption of ASU 2018-02
shareowner return performance graph the following performance graph and related information shall not be deemed 201csoliciting material 201d or to be 201cfiled 201d with the sec , nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the securities act of 1933 or securities exchange act of 1934 , each as amended , except to the extent that the company specifically incorporates such information by reference into such filing . the following graph shows a five year comparison of cumulative total shareowners 2019 returns for our class b common stock , the standard & poor 2019s 500 index and the dow jones transportation average . the comparison of the total cumulative return on investment , which is the change in the quarterly stock price plus reinvested dividends for each of the quarterly periods , assumes that $ 100 was invested on december 31 , 2011 in the standard & poor 2019s 500 index , the dow jones transportation average and our class b common stock. .

Table:
 | 12/31/2011 | 12/31/2012 | 12/31/2013 | 12/31/2014 | 12/31/2015 | 12/31/2016
united parcel service inc . | $ 100.00 | $ 103.84 | $ 152.16 | $ 165.35 | $ 154.61 | $ 189.72
standard & poor 2019s 500 index | $ 100.00 | $ 115.99 | $ 153.54 | $ 174.54 | $ 176.94 | $ 198.09
dow jones transportation average | $ 100.00 | $ 107.49 | $ 151.97 | $ 190.07 | $ 158.22 | $ 192.80
.

Question: what was the difference in percentage cumulative total shareowners return for united parcel service inc . versus the standard & poor's 500 index for the five years ended 12/31/2016?
Answer: -8.37%
Calculation: subtract(189.72, const_100), divide(#0, const_100), subtract(198.09, const_100), divide(#2, const_100), subtract(#1, #3)
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
(1) Included in Corporate and Other are the following: contingent consideration adjustments, investment impairment, pension and postretirement plans actuarial (gains) and losses, interest (income) and expense, net foreign exchange (gains) and losses, intercompany eliminations and acquisition related charges.
The increase in income before income taxes in Semiconductor Test from 2018 to 2019 was driven primarily by an increase in semiconductor tester sales for 5G infrastructure and image sensors, partially offset by a decrease in sales in the automotive and analog test segments. The increase in income before income taxes in System Test from 2018 to 2019 was primarily due to higher sales in Storage Test of 3.5” hard disk drive testers, higher sales in Defense/Aerospace test instrumentation and systems, and higher sales in Production Board Test from higher 5G demand. The increase in income before income taxes in Wireless Test from 2018 to 2019 was primarily due to higher demand for millimeter wave and cellular test products driven by new wireless standards and 5G partially offset by lower sales in connectivity test products and services. The decrease in income before income taxes in Industrial Automation from 2018 to 2019 was due primarily to higher sales and marketing, and engineering spending.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2018-2019 Change
 |  | (in millions) | 
Semiconductor Test | $417.0 | $397.6 | $19.4
System Test | 93.5 | 48.9 | 44.6
Wireless Test | 35.6 | 29.1 | 6.5
Industrial Automation | (5.9) | 7.7 | (13.6)
Corporate and Other (1) | (14.4) | (15.4) | 1.0
 | $525.8 | $467.8 | $58.0


Question: What was the increase in income before income taxes in Semiconductor Test driven by?
Answer: by an increase in semiconductor tester sales for 5G infrastructure and image sensors, partially offset by a decrease in sales in the automotive and analog test segments.
25. Loans and other borrowings continued
Loans and other borrowings are analysed as follows:
a Includes collateral received on swaps of £638m (2017/18: £525m, 2016/17: £702m).
The carrying values disclosed in the above table reflect balances at amortised cost adjusted for accrued interest and fair value adjustments to the relevant loans or borrowings. These do not reflect the final principal repayments that will arise after taking account of the relevant derivatives in hedging relationships which are reflected in the table below. Apart from finance leases, all borrowings as at 31 March 2019, 2018 and 2017 were unsecured.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
At 31 March | £m | £m | £m
Current liabilities |  |  | 
Listed bonds | 1,367 | 1,702 | 1,539
Finance leases | 16 | 18 | 15
Bank loans | – | – | 352
Other loans and bank overdrafts a | 717 | 561 | 726
Total current liabilities | 2,100 | 2,281 | 2,632
Non-current liabilities |  |  | 
Listed bonds | 14,586 | 11,789 | 9,866
Finance leases | 190 | 205 | 214
Other loans | – | – | 1
Total non-current liabilities | 14,776 | 11,994 | 10,081
Total | 16,876 | 14,275 | 12,713


Question: What is the change in listed bonds from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -335
Calculation: 1,367 - 1,702
Movements in total self‐insured risks, restructuring, onerous contracts, store exit costs, and other provisions
(1) The increase in restructuring, onerous contracts, and store exit costs in 2019 is primarily attributable to the recognition of provisions associated with the BIG W network review as outlined in Note 1.4.
A provision is recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made as to the amount of the obligation. The amount recognised is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.
A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of annual leave and long service leave.
Liabilities expected to be settled within 12 months are measured at their nominal values using the remuneration rate expected to apply at the time of settlement.
Liabilities which are not expected to be settled within 12 months are measured as the present value of the estimated future cash outflows to be made by the Group in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
The provision for self-insured risks primarily represents the estimated liability for workers’ compensation and public liability claims.
Provision for restructuring is recognised when the Group has developed a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in those affected by the restructuring that the restructuring will occur.
An onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. The unavoidable costs under a contract reflect the least net cost of exiting from the contract, which is the lower of the cost of fulfilling it and any compensation or penalties arising from failure to fulfil it.
Table:
 |  |  | RESTRUCTURING, ONEROUS | 
 |  |  | CONTRACTS, STORE EXIT COSTS, | 
 | SELF‑INSURED RISKS |  | AND OTHER | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018
 | $M | $M | $M | $M
Movement: |  |  |  | 
Balance at start of period | 596 | 593 | 679 | 800
Net provisions recognised/(reversed) (1) | 177 | 161 | 225 | 55
Cash payments | (157) | (148) | (162) | (178)
Other | (13) | (10) | (5) | 2
Balance at end of period | 603 | 596 | 737 | 679
Current | 173 | 177 | 280 | 256
Non‑current | 430 | 419 | 457 | 423
 | 603 | 596 | 737 | 679


Question: What is the amount of current self-insured risks in 2019?
Answer: 173
4. INVENTORIES
The components of inventories, net, are as follows (in thousands):
Table:
 | March 30, 2019 | March 31, 2018
Raw materials | $118,608 | $110,389
Work in process | 272,469 | 221,137
Finished goods | 120,716 | 140,766
Total inventories | $511,793 | $472,292


Question: What are the respective values of the company's finished goods on March 31, 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 140,766, 120,716
Overview of the Markets We Serve
The U.S. mortgage loan servicing market is comprised of first and second lien mortgage loans. Even through housing downturns, the mortgage loan servicing market generally remains stable, as the total number of first lien mortgage loans outstanding tends to stay relatively constant. The number of second lien mortgage loans outstanding can vary based on a number of factors including loan-to-value ratios, interest rates and lenders' desire to own such loans.
While delinquent mortgage loans typically represent a small portion of the overall mortgage loan servicing market, the mortgage loan default process is long and complex and involves multiple parties, a significant exchange of data and documentation and extensive regulatory requirements. Providers in the default process must be able to meet strict regulatory guidelines, which we believe are best met through the use of proven technology.
The U.S. mortgage loan origination market consists of both purchase and refinance mortgage loan originations. The mortgage loan origination process is complex and involves multiple parties, significant data exchange and significant regulatory oversight, which requires a comprehensive, scalable solution developed by a company with substantial industry experience. According to the Mortgage Bankers Association ("MBA"), the U.S. mortgage loan origination market for purchase and refinance mortgage loan originations is estimated as follows (in billions):
Note: Amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.
(1) The 2019, 2018 and 2017 U.S. mortgage loan origination market for purchase and refinance originations is estimated by the MBA Mortgage Finance Forecast as of February 18, 2020, February 11, 2019 and October 16, 2018, respectively.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Mortgage loan originations(1): |  |  | 
Purchase | $1,272.0 | $1,185.0 | $1,143.0
Refinance | 796.0 | 458.0 | 616.0
Total | $2,068.0 | $1,643.0 | $1,760.0


Question: How many years did the purchase originations exceed $1,000 billion?
Answer: 3
Calculation: 2019##2018##2017
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization includes the following (in millions):
Computer software amortization for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes accelerated amortization of $1.7 million related to certain internally developed software. Deferred contract costs amortization for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 includes accelerated amortization of $6.2 million, $3.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
Table:
 |  | Year ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Computer software | $97.3 | $94.5 | $84.0
Other intangible assets | 59.3 | 57.2 | 67.8
Deferred contract costs | 42.9 | 32.9 | 25.7
Property and equipment | 36.7 | 32.4 | 29.0
Total | $236.2 | $217.0 | $206.5


Question: What was the percentage change in the total depreciation and amortization between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 8.85
Calculation: (236.2-217.0)/217.0
EXPLANATORY INFORMATION
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, accounting for outstanding share-based payments using the equity-settled method for stock-based compensation was determined to be more dilutive than using the cash-settled method. As a result, net income for the year ended December 31, 2019 was reduced by $6 million (2018 – $2 million) in the diluted earnings per share calculation.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, there were 1,077,875 options out of the money (2018 – 37,715) for purposes of the calculation of earnings per share. These options were excluded from the calculation of the effect of dilutive securities because they were anti-dilutive.
Table:
 | Years ended December 31 | 
(In millions of dollars, except per share amounts) | 2019 | 2018
Numerator (basic) – Net income for the year | 2,043 | 2,059
Denominator – Number of shares (in millions): Weighted average number of shares outstanding – basic | 512 | 515
Effect of dilutive securities (in millions): Employee stock options and restricted share units | 1 | 1
Weighted average number of shares outstanding – diluted | 513 | 516
Earnings per share: |  | 
Basic | $3.99 | $4.00
Diluted | $3.97 | $3.99


Question: What is the increase/ (decrease) in Diluted Earnings per share from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -0.02
Calculation: 3.97-3.99
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world and the income tax returns of its subsidiaries in various jurisdictions are subject to periodic examination by the tax authorities. The Company regularly assesses the status of these  examinations and the various outcomes to determine the adequacy of its provision for income taxes. The amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits totaled $3.1 million and $1.4 million at April 27, 2019 and April 28, 2018, respectively. These amounts represent the amount of unrecognized benefits that, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate if resolved in the Company’s favor.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:
At April 27, 2019, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.
The U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for fiscal years ended on or after 2016 and for state tax purposes on or after fiscal year 2013. Tax authorities may have the ability to review and adjust net operating losses or tax credits that were generated prior to these fiscal years. In the major foreign jurisdictions, fiscal 2012 and subsequent periods remain open and subject to examination by taxing authorities.
The continuing practice of the Company is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in the provision for income taxes. The Company had $0.1 million accrued for interest and no accrual for penalties at April 27, 2019.
Table:
(Dollars in Millions) | April 27, 2019 | April 28, 2018
Balance at Beginning of Fiscal Year | $1.4 | $1.3
Increases for Positions Related to the Prior Years | 1.8 | —
Increases for Positions Related to the Current Year | 0.9 | 0.1
Decreases for Positions Related to the Prior Years | — | —
Lapsing of Statutes of Limitations | (1.0) | —
Balance at End of Fiscal Year | $3.1 | $1.4


Question: What was the amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits in 2019 and 2018 respectively?
Answer: $3.1 million, $1.4 million
The GBS profit margin increased 0.9 points to 27.7 percent and pre-tax income of $1,666 million increased 2.2 percent year to year. The pre-tax margin of 9.9 percent increased slightly year to year. The year-to-year improvements in margins and pre-tax income were driven by the continued mix shift to higher-value offerings, the yield from delivery productivity improvements and a currency benefit from leveraging the global delivery resource model. We continued to invest in our services offerings and skills necessary to assist our clients on their cloud journey.
* Recast to reflect segment changes.
Table:
($ in millions) |  |  | 
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018* | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/ Margin Change
Global Business Services |  |  | 
External gross profit | $4,606 | $4,448 | 3.5%
External gross profit margin | 27.7% | 26.8% | 0.9 pts.
Pre-tax income | $1,666 | $1,629 | 2.2%
Pre-tax margin | 9.9% | 9.6% | 0.2 pts.


Question: What was the increase / (decrease) in the Pre-tax margin from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 0.3
Calculation: 9.9% - 9.6%
interest expense , net was $ 26.4 million , $ 14.6 million , and $ 5.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . interest expense includes the amortization of deferred financing costs , bank fees , capital and built-to-suit lease interest and interest expense under the credit and other long term debt facilities . amortization of deferred financing costs was $ 1.2 million , $ 0.8 million , and $ 0.6 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the company monitors the financial health and stability of its lenders under the credit and other long term debt facilities , however during any period of significant instability in the credit markets lenders could be negatively impacted in their ability to perform under these facilities . 6 . commitments and contingencies obligations under operating leases the company leases warehouse space , office facilities , space for its brand and factory house stores and certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases . the leases expire at various dates through 2033 , excluding extensions at the company 2019s option , and include provisions for rental adjustments . the table below includes executed lease agreements for brand and factory house stores that the company did not yet occupy as of december 31 , 2016 and does not include contingent rent the company may incur at its stores based on future sales above a specified minimum or payments made for maintenance , insurance and real estate taxes . the following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments for non-cancelable real property operating leases as of december 31 , 2016 as well as significant operating lease agreements entered into during the period after december 31 , 2016 through the date of this report : ( in thousands ) .

Table:
2017 | $ 114857
2018 | 127504
2019 | 136040
2020 | 133092
2021 | 122753
2022 and thereafter | 788180
total future minimum lease payments | $ 1422426
included in selling , general and administrative expense was rent expense of $ 109.0 million , $ 83.0 million and $ 59.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively , under non-cancelable operating lease agreements .
included in these amounts was contingent rent expense of $ 13.0 million , $ 11.0 million and $ 11.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively .
sports marketing and other commitments within the normal course of business , the company enters into contractual commitments in order to promote the company 2019s brand and products .
these commitments include sponsorship agreements with teams and athletes on the collegiate and professional levels , official supplier agreements , athletic event sponsorships and other marketing commitments .
the following is a schedule of the company 2019s future minimum payments under its sponsorship and other marketing agreements as of december 31 .

Question: what was the percentage change in rent expenses included in selling , general and administrative expense from 2015 to 2016?
Answer: 31%
Calculation: subtract(109.0, 83.0), divide(#0, 83.0)