hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Note 18 Other Post-Employment Benefits and Other Employee Benefit Plans
In addition to providing pension benefits, we maintain two Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans which provide a portion of healthcare, dental, vision and life insurance benefits for certain retired legacy employees. These plans are in the U.S. and Canada. Covered employees who retired on or after attaining age 55 and who had rendered at least 10 years of service were entitled to post-retirement healthcare, dental and life insurance benefits. These benefits are subject to deductibles, co-payment provisions and other limitations. The information below relates to these two plans.
Contributions made by us, net of Medicare Part D subsidies received in the U.S., are reported below as benefits paid. We may change the benefits at any time. The status of these plans, including a reconciliation of benefit obligations, a reconciliation of plan assets and the funded status of the plans, follows:
Table:
 | December 31, | 
(In millions) | 2019 | 2018
Change in benefit obligations: |  | 
Benefit obligation at beginning of period | $ 46.4 | $ 51.3
Service cost | — | 0.1
Interest cost | 1.6 | 1.4
Actuarial (gain) loss | (1.2) | (1.7)
Benefits paid, net | (3.3) | (4.5)
Plan amendments | — | (0.2)
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ 43.5 | $ 46.4
Change in plan assets: |  | 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period | $ — | $ —
Employer contribution | 3.3 | 4.5
Benefits paid, net | (3.3) | (4.5)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period | $ — | $ —
Net amount recognized: |  | 
Underfunded status | $ (43.5) | $ (46.4)
Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year | $ 43.5 | $ 46.4
Net amount recognized in consolidated balance sheets consists of: |  | 
Current liability | $ (5.3) | $ (5.3)
Non-current liability | (38.2) | (41.1)
Net amount recognized | $ (43.5) | $ (46.4)
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of: |  | 
Net actuarial (gain) loss | $ (0.6) | $ 0.4
Prior service credit | (2.6) | (3.0)
Total | $ (3.2) | $ (2.6)


Question: How much more Net actuarial gain is there in 2019 than 2018?
Answer: -1
Calculation: -0.6-0.4
Note 15. Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense is included in the following line items in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
Stock-based compensation expense data: | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Sales and marketing | $2,075 | $1,196 | $561
General and administrative | 6,474 | 4,901 | 2,638
Research and development | 12,054 | 7,332 | 4,214
Total stock-based compensation expense | $20,603 | $13,429 | $7,413


Question: What was the amount of sales and marketing in 2019?
Answer: 2,075
ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (continued) (in thousands, except per share amounts)
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations is summarized as follows:
The Company’s effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, primarily due to the benefit of tax credits and earnings in foreign jurisdictions which are subject to lower tax rates, offset by additional GILTI tax in the US and withholding taxes.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current: |  |  | 
Federal | $(9,627) | $1,423 | $26,550
State | 882 | 12 | 601
Foreign | 18,429 | 13,772 | 9,621
Total current provision | $9,684 | $15,207 | $36,772
Deferred: |  |  | 
Federal | $ 3,822 | $  4,021 | $ 28,297
State | (178) | 2,363 | (1,000)
Foreign | (2,629) | 3,636 | (1,979)
Total deferred provision | 1,015 | 10,020 | 25,318
Total provision for income taxes | $10,699 | $25,227 | $62,090


Question: What was the percentage change in total provision for income taxes between 2017 and 2018?
Answer: -59.37
Calculation: ($25,227-$62,090)/$62,090
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in millions)
Foreign exchange and other includes the impact of foreign exchange and certain immaterial reclassifications.
Table:
 | Allowances For | 
 | Financing Receivables | Accounts Receivable
Year ended July 29, 2017 |  | 
Balance at beginning of fiscal year . | $375 | $249
Provisions (benefits) | (35) | 27
Recoveries (write-offs), net . | (49) | (61)
Foreign exchange and other . | 4 | (4)
Balance at end of fiscal year | $295 | $211
Year ended July 28, 2018 |  | 
Balance at beginning of fiscal year . | $295 | $211
Provisions (benefits) | (89) | (45)
Recoveries (write-offs), net . | (6) | (37)
Foreign exchange and other . | 5 | —
Balance at end of fiscal year | $205 | $129
Year ended July 27, 2019 |  | 
Balance at beginning of fiscal year | $205 | $129
Provisions (benefits) | (16) | 56
Recoveries (write-offs), net | (42) | (50)
Foreign exchange and other  . | (21) | 1
Balance at end of fiscal year | $126 | $136


Question: What did foreign exchange and other include?
Answer: the impact of foreign exchange and certain immaterial reclassifications.
Selected Current Liabilities
Current liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheets include accounts payable and other current liabilities as follows:
Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2019 and 2018, were (i) $106 million and $86 million, respectively, representing book overdrafts and (ii) $469 million and $434 million, respectively, associated with capital expenditures.
Table:
 | As of December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
 | (Dollars in millions) | 
Accounts payable | $1,724 | 1,933
Other current liabilities: |  | 
Accrued rent | $75 | 45
Legal contingencies | 88 | 30
Other | 223 | 282
Total other current liabilities | $386 | 357


Question: What are the items included under Other current liabilities?
Answer: Accrued rent, Legal contingencies, Other
10. Tax
The tax charge for the year ended 31 December 2019 was $11.6 million (2018 $5.4 million). This was after a prior year tax charge of $0.1 million and a tax credit on the adjusting items of $0.7 million (2018 prior year credit of $1.5 million and tax credit on adjusting items of $5.2 million). Excluding the prior year and tax credit on adjusting items, the effective tax rate was 13.0 per cent (2018 15.4 per cent).
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | $ million | $ million
Tax charge in the income statement |  | 
Current income tax |  | 
UK tax | 0.3 | 0.1
Foreign tax | 9.2 | 6.2
Amounts underprovided/(overprovided) in previous years | 0.3 | (1.2)
Total current income tax charge | 9.8 | 5.1
Deferred tax |  | 
Recognition of deferred tax assets | (1.5) | (0.8)
Reversal of temporary differences | 3.5 | 1.4
Adjustments in respect of prior years | (0.2) | (0.3)
Total deferred tax charge | 1.8 | 0.3
Tax charge in the income statement | 11.6 | 5.4


Question: What was the effective tax rate excluding the prior year and tax credit on adjusting items?
Answer: 13.0 per cent
Asset position of METRO AG
ASSETS
As of the closing date, METRO had total assets of €18,221 million, which are predominantly comprised of financial assets in the amount of €9,005 million, receivables from affiliated companies at €8,214 million and the usufructuary rights to the METRO and MAKRO brands which were recognised as an intangible asset (€883 million). Cash on hand, bank deposits and cheques amounted to €44 million. The financial assets predominantly consist of shares held in affiliated companies in the amount of €8,964 million which are essentially comprised of shares in the holding for wholesale companies (€6,693 million), in real estate companies (€1,278 million), in service providers (€470 million) and in other companies (€523 million). The financial assets account for 49.4% of the total assets. Receivables from affiliated companies amount to €8,214 million. This corresponds to 45.1% of the total assets. This position contains €6,117 million in receivables from a group-internal transfer of shares in affiliated companies at their carrying values and predominantly reflects the short-term financing requirements of the group companies as of the closing date.
Table:
€ million | 30/9/2018 | 30/9/2019
Non-current assets |  | 
Intangible assets | 1,001 | 939
Tangible assets | 2 | 3
Financial assets | 9.157 | 9,005
 | 10.160 | 9,947
Current assets |  | 
Receivables and other assets | 6,882 | 8,218
Cash on hand, bank deposits and cheques | 335 | 44
 | 7,217 | 8,262
Deferred income | 12 | 12
 | 17,389 | 18,221


Question: In which year was the amount of total assets larger?
Answer: 2019
Calculation: 18,221>17,389
The amount of our operating expenses increased by $43 million on a sequential basis, mainly driven by seasonality and salary dynamic.
On a year-over-year basis, our operating expenses increased by $42 million, mainly due to salary dynamic and increased spending on certain R&D programs, partially offset by favorable currency effects, net of hedging.
Fourth quarter 2019 R&D expenses were net of research tax credits in France and Italy, which amounted to $37 million, compared to $29 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $39 million in the fourth quarter of 2018.
Table:
 |  | Three Months Ended |  | % Variation | 
 | December 31, 2019 | September 29, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | Sequential | Year-Over-Year
 |  |  | (Unaudited, in millions) |  | 
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $(285) | $(267) | $(285) | (6.3)% | 0.4%
Research and development expenses | (387) | (362) | (345) | (7.0) | (12.3)
Total operating expenses | $(672) | $(629) | $(630) | (6.7)% | (6.6)%
As percentage of net revenues | (24.4)% | (24.7)% | (23.8)% | +30 bps | -60 bps


Question: What is the increase/ (decrease) in total operating expenses from the period December 31, 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 42
Calculation: 672-630
NOTE 10. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table reflects the reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per share.
Per share information is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each of the fiscal years. Stock options and restricted stock have been included in the calculation of earnings per share to the extent they are dilutive. The two-class method for computing EPS has not been applied because no outstanding awards contain non-forfeitable rights to participate in dividends. There were no anti-dilutive stock options and restricted stock excluded for fiscal 2019, 41 shares excluded for fiscal 2018, and 32 shares excluded for fiscal 2017.
Table:
 | Year Ended June 30, |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Net Income | $271,885 | $365,034 | $229,561
Common share information: |  |  | 
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share | 77,160 | 77,252 | 77,856
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock | 187 | 333 | 399
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share | 77,347 | 77,585 | 78,255
Basic earnings per share | $3.52 | $4.73 | $2.95
Diluted earnings per share | $3.52 | $4.70 | $2.93


Question: What is the average basic earnings per share for 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 4.12
Calculation: (3.52+4.73)/2
The following table presents summary results for each of our three businesses for each of fiscal 2019 , 2018 and 2017 :
(1) Cloud and license revenues presented for management reporting included revenues related to cloud and license obligations that would have otherwise been recorded by the acquired businesses as independent entities but were not recognized in our consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented due to business combination accounting requirements. See Note 9 for an explanation of these adjustments and the table below for a reconciliation of our total operating segment revenues to our total consolidated revenues as reported in our consolidated statements of operations
(2) The margins reported reflect only the direct controllable costs of each line of business and do not include allocations of product development, general and administrative and certain other allocable expenses, net. Additionally, the margins reported above do not reflect amortization of intangible assets, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, stock-based compensation, interest expense or non-operating income, net. refer to the table below for a reconciliation of our total margin for operating segments to our income before provision for income taxes as reported per our consolidated statements of operations.
Table:
Year Ended May 31, |  |  | 
(in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Cloud and license: |  |  | 
revenues (1) | $32,582 | $32,041 | $30,452
Cloud services and license support expenses | 3,597 | 3,441 | 2,881
Sales and marketing expenses | 7,398 | 7,213 | 6,770
Margin (2) | $21,587 | $21,387 | $20,801
Hardware: |  |  | 
revenues | $3,704 | $3,994 | $4,152
Hardware products and support expenses | 1,327 | 1,547 | 1,618
Sales and marketing expenses | 520 | 643 | 825
Margin (2) | $1,857 | $1,804 | $1,709
Services: |  |  | 
revenues | $3,240 | $3,395 | $3,359
Services expenses | 2,703 | 2,729 | 2,661
Margin (2) | $537 | $666 | $698
Totals: |  |  | 
revenues (1) | $39,526 | $39,430 | $37,963
Expenses | 15,545 | 15,573 | 14,755
Margin (2) | $23,981 | $23,857 | $23,208


Question: What was the percentage change in hardware revenues from 2017 to 2018?
Answer: -3.81
Calculation: (3,994-4,152)/4,152
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $36.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and short term investments, a decrease of approximately $7.2 million from $43.3 million in 2018.
During 2018, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of issued and outstanding shares of our common stock having an aggregate value of up to $10.0 million pursuant to a share repurchase program. No shares were repurchased under this program in 2019, As of December 31, 2019, we have a remaining authorization of $8.0 million for future share repurchases.
In 2013, we made a $5 million commitment to invest in an innovation fund through JVP to invest in early-stage cyber technology companies. We sold our interest in JVP in December 2019. There is no further commitment remaining.
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
 |  | (in thousands)
Cash & cash equivalents | $18,304 | $32,011
Short term investments | 17,779 | 11,303
 | $36,083 | $43,314


Question: What is the percentage change in the short term investments between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 57.29
Calculation: (17,779 - 11,303)/11,303
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized income tax benefits (in thousands):
The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate is $ 1.5 million and $4.6 million for the fiscal years ended September 28, 2019 and September 29, 2018, respectively.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The total accrued penalties and net accrued interest with respect to income taxes was approximately $0.2 million for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2019, September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017. The Company recognized less than $0.1 million of expense for accrued penalties and net accrued interest in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the fiscal years ended September 28, 2019, September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Balance at beginning of fiscal year  | $5,841 | $3,115 | $2,799
Gross increases for tax positions of prior years | 62 | 21 | 184
Gross increases for tax positions of the current year | 39 | 2,893 | 163
Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years  | (3,672) | (188) | (31)
Balance at end of fiscal year | 2,270 | 5,841 | 3,115


Question: What was the change in the Gross increases for tax positions of prior years between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 41
Calculation: 62-21
Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Fair values of financial assets and liabilities at 31st December 2019 are not materially different from book values due to their size or the fact that they were at short-term rates of interest. Fair values have been assessed as follows:
• Derivatives Forward exchange contracts are marked to market by discounting the future contracted cash flows using readily available market data
• Interest-bearing loans and borrowings Fair value is calculated based on discounted expected future principal and interest cash flows.
• Lease liabilities The fair value is estimated as the present value of future cash flows, discounted at the incremental borrowing rate for the related geographical location unless the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable.
• Trade and other receivables/payables For receivables/payables with a remaining life of less than one year, the notional amount is deemed to reflect the fair value.
The following table compares amounts and fair values of the Group’s financial assets and liabilities:
There are no other assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis for which fair value is disclosed.
Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value. Fair value of derivative financial instruments are calculated based on discounted cash flow analysis using appropriate market information for the duration of the instruments.
Table:
 | 2019 Fair value | 2019 Carrying value | 2018 Carrying value | 2018 Fair value
 | £m | £m | £m | £m
Financial assets: |  |  |  | 
Cash and cash equivalents | 168.5 | 168.5 | 187.1 | 187.1
Trade, other receivables and contract assets | 263.4 | 263.4 | 264.9 | 264.9
Total financial assets | 431.9 | 431.9 | 452.0 | 452.0


Question: What was the percentage change in the carrying value in total financial assets from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -4.45
Calculation: (431.9-452.0)/452.0
the contractual maturities of held-to-maturity securities as of january 30 , 2009 were in excess of three years and were $ 31.4 million at cost and $ 28.9 million at fair value , respectively . for the successor year ended january 30 , 2009 and period ended february 1 , 2008 , and the predecessor period ended july 6 , 2007 and year ended february 2 , 2007 , gross realized gains and losses on the sales of available-for-sale securities were not material . the cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method . merchandise inventories inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market with cost determined using the retail last-in , first-out ( 201clifo 201d ) method . under the company 2019s retail inventory method ( 201crim 201d ) , the calculation of gross profit and the resulting valuation of inventories at cost are computed by applying a calculated cost-to-retail inventory ratio to the retail value of sales at a department level . costs directly associated with warehousing and distribution are capitalized into inventory . the excess of current cost over lifo cost was approximately $ 50.0 million at january 30 , 2009 and $ 6.1 million at february 1 , 2008 . current cost is determined using the retail first-in , first-out method . the company 2019s lifo reserves were adjusted to zero at july 6 , 2007 as a result of the merger . the successor recorded lifo provisions of $ 43.9 million and $ 6.1 million during 2008 and 2007 , respectively . the predecessor recorded a lifo credit of $ 1.5 million in 2006 . in 2008 , the increased commodity cost pressures mainly related to food and pet products which have been driven by fruit and vegetable prices and rising freight costs . increases in petroleum , resin , metals , pulp and other raw material commodity driven costs also resulted in multiple product cost increases . the company intends to address these commodity cost increases through negotiations with its vendors and by increasing retail prices as necessary . on a quarterly basis , the company estimates the annual impact of commodity cost fluctuations based upon the best available information at that point in time . store pre-opening costs pre-opening costs related to new store openings and the construction periods are expensed as incurred . property and equipment property and equipment are recorded at cost . the company provides for depreciation and amortization on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: .

Table:
land improvements | 20
buildings | 39-40
furniture fixtures and equipment | 3-10
improvements of leased properties are amortized over the shorter of the life of the applicable lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. .

Question: what was the percentage change in the excess of current cost over lifo cost from 2008 to 2009 .
Answer: 720%
Calculation: subtract(50.0, 6.1)
ADJUSTED EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA MARGIN
The terms adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin do not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. Therefore, they are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.
We define adjusted EBITDA as operating revenues less operating costs as shown in BCE’s consolidated income statements. Adjusted EBITDA for BCE’s segments is the same as segment profit as reported in Note 3, Segmented information, in BCE’s 2019 consolidated financial statements. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by operating revenues.
We use adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to evaluate the performance of our businesses as they reflect their ongoing profitability. We believe that certain investors and analysts use adjusted EBITDA to measure a company’s ability to service debt and to meet other payment obligations or as a common measurement to value companies in the telecommunications industry. We believe that certain investors and analysts also use adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to evaluate the performance of our businesses. Adjusted EBITDA is also one component in the determination of short-term incentive compensation for all management employees.
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin have no directly comparable IFRS financial measure. Alternatively, the following table provides a reconciliation of net earnings to adjusted EBITDA.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Net earnings | 3,253 | 2,973
Severance, acquisition and other costs | 114 | 136
Depreciation | 3,496 | 3,145
Amortization | 902 | 869
Finance costs |  | 
Interest expense | 1,132 | 1,000
Interest on post-employment benefit obligations | 63 | 69
Other expense | 13 | 348
Income taxes | 1,133 | 995
Adjusted EBITDA | 10,106 | 9,535
BCE operating revenues | 23,964 | 23,468
Adjusted EBITDA margin | 42.2% | 40.6%


Question: How is adjusted EBITDA defined?
Answer: operating revenues less operating costs as shown in BCE’s consolidated income statements
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Our management reviews and analyzes several key financial measures in order to manage our business and assess the quality of and variability of our service revenue, operating results and cash flows. The following summary tables present a comparison of our results of operations with respect to certain key financial measures. The comparisons illustrated in the tables are discussed in greater detail below.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | Percent Change
Other Operating Data |  |  | 
Average Revenue Per Unit (ARPU) |  |  | 
ARPU—on-net | $ 461 | $ 480 | (3.8)%
ARPU—off-net | $ 1,097 | $ 1,155 | (5.0)%
Average price per megabit | $ 0.62 | $ 0.82 | (23.9)%
Customer Connections—end of period |  |  | 
On-net | 74,554 | 68,770 | 8.4%
Off-net | 11,660 | 10,974 | 6.3%


Question: What are the respective average price per megabit in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: $ 0.82, $ 0.62