hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
The change in projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation, were as follows (in millions):
The Company's pension liability represents the present value of estimated future benefits to be paid. The discount rate is based on the quarterly average yield for Euros treasuries with a duration of 30 years, plus a supplement for corporate bonds  consolidated balance sheets, will be recognized as a component of net periodic cost over the average remaining service period.
As the defined benefit plans are unfunded, the liability recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 was $72.7 million of which $1.3 million is included in accrued liabilities and $71.4 million is included in other long-term liabilities. The liability recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2018 was $61.0 million of which $0.9 million is included in accrued liabilities and $60.1 million is included in other long-term liabilities.
Table:
 | Year Ended March 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Projected benefit obligation at the beginning of the year | $61.0 | $50.4
Additions due to acquisition of Microsemi | 9.8 | —
Service cost | 1.5 | 2.2
Interest cost | 1.1 | 1.0
Actuarial losses | 6.0 | 0.7
Benefits paid | (0.9) | (0.8)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes | (5.8) | 7.5
Projected benefit obligation at the end of the year | $72.7 | $61.0
Accumulated benefit obligation at the end of the year | $66.7 | $55.5
Weighted average assumptions |  | 
Discount rate | 1.41% | 1.73%
Rate of compensation increase | 2.79% | 2.91%


Question: Which years does the table provide information for the change in projected benefit obligation and the accumulated benefit obligation?
Answer: 2019, 2018
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to income tax expense is as follows:
(1) In 2018, we recorded $3.5 million of tax expense related to foreign earnings which were not permanently reinvested prior to the enactment of the U.S. Tax Act. After enactment, certain foreign earnings are taxed at higher statutory rates than the U.S. which results in $2.1 million of incremental tax expense in 2019. In 2017, we provided for deferred taxes on all cumulative unremitted foreign earnings, as the earnings were no longer considered permanently reinvested resulting in a charge of $9.5 million.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended September 30, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (in thousands) | 
Tax expense at U.S. statutory rate | $ 10,992 | $  3,124 | $  (3,877)
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | 1,416 | (237) | (923)
Nondeductible expenses | 1,720 | 1,186 | (185)
Change in reserve for tax contingencies | (1,468) | (1,047) | (4,435)
Change in deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (10,007) | 8,784 | 17,374
Foreign rate differential (1) | 2,149 | 5,684 | 9,912
Tax credits | (4,767) | (2,656) | (3,459)
Impact of U.S. Tax Reform | — | (7,053) | —
Global Intangible Low-Tax Income | 8,182 | — | —
Stock Based Compensation | (448) | 59 | 16
Non-controlling interest in equity arrangements | 1,802 | 99 | —
Other | 1,469 | (850) | 235
Provision for income taxes | $  11,040 | $  7,093 | $  14,658


Question: For which years was the reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to income tax expense provided?
Answer: 2019, 2018, 2017
Software Development Costs
We capitalize purchased software upon acquisition if it is accounted for as internal-use software or if it meets the future alternative use criteria. We capitalize incurred labor costs for software development from the time technological feasibility of the software is established, or when the preliminary project phase is completed in the case of internal-use software, until the software is available for general release. Research and development costs and other computer software maintenance costs related to software development are expensed as incurred.
We estimate the useful life of our capitalized software and amortize its value over that estimated life. If the actual useful life is shorter than our estimated useful life, we will amortize the remaining book value over the remaining useful life or the asset may be deemed to be impaired and, accordingly, a write-down of the value of the asset may be recorded as a charge to earnings.
Upon the availability for general release, we commence amortization of the capitalized software costs on a product by product basis. Amortization of capitalized software is recorded using the greater of (i) the ratio of current revenues to total and anticipated future revenues for the applicable product or (ii) the straightline method over the remaining estimated economic life, which is estimated to be three to five years.
At each balance sheet date, the unamortized capitalized costs of a software product are compared with the net realizable value of that product. The net realizable value is the estimated future gross revenues from that product reduced by the estimated future costs of completing and disposing of that product, including the costs of performing maintenance and client support required to satisfy our responsibility set forth at the time of sale.
The amount by which the unamortized capitalized costs of a software product exceed the net realizable value of that asset is written off. If we determine that the value of the capitalized software could not be recovered, a write-down of the value of the capitalized software to its recoverable value is recorded as a charge to earnings. The unamortized balances of capitalized software were as follows:
Table:
 | December 31, | 
(In thousands) | 2019 | 2018
Software development costs | $428,641 | $317,637
Less: accumulated amortization | (184,712) | (107,977)
Software development costs, net | $243,929 | $209,660


Question: What is the average accumulated amortization for 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -146344.5
Calculation: -(184,712 + 107,977) / 2
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued) Fiscal Years Ended May 26, 2019, May 27, 2018, and May 28, 2017 (columnar dollars in millions except per share amounts)  During fiscal 2019, we recognized the following pre-tax expenses for the Pinnacle Integration Restructuring Plan:
Included in the above results are $163.5 million of charges that have resulted or will result in cash outflows and $4.7 million in non-cash charges.
Table:
 | International | Pinnacle Foods | Corporate | Total
Other cost of goods sold | $— | $3.7 | $— | $3.7
Total cost of goods sold . | — | 3.7 | — | 3.7
Severance and related costs | 0.7 | 0.6 | 110.8 | 112.1
Accelerated depreciation | — | — | 4.7 | 4.7
Contract/lease termination . | — | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.1
Consulting/professional fees . | 0.2 | — | 38.1 | 38.3
Other selling, general and administrative expenses . | 0.1 | — | 8.2 | 8.3
Total selling, general and administrative expenses | 1.0 | 1.4 | 162.1 | 164.5
Consolidated total | $1.0 | $5.1 | $162.1 | $168.2


Question: What is the proportion of accelerated depreciation, contract/lease termination, and consulting/professional fees over the consolidated total in the Corporate segment?
Answer: 0.27
Calculation: (4.7+0.3+38.1)/162.1
GreenSky, Inc. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued) (United States Dollars in thousands, except per share data, unless otherwise stated)
The following table reflects the impact of consolidation of GS Holdings into the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years indicated.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Total revenue | $529,646 | $414,673
Total costs and expenses | 408,693 | 261,883
Operating profit | 120,953 | 152,790
Total other income (expense), net | (22,297) | (19,276)
Net income | $98,656 | $133,514


Question: Which years does the table show?
Answer: 2019, 2018
Revenue stream
The Company generates revenue primarily from the sales of equipment and sales of spares & service. The products and services described by nature in Note 1, can be part of all revenue streams.
The proceeds resulting from the patent litigation & arbitration settlements (€159 million) are included in the equipment revenue stream.
Table:
 | Year ended December 31, | 
(EUR thousand) | 2018 | 2019
Equipment revenue | 631,504 | 1,068,645
Spares & service revenue | 186,577 | 215,215
Total | 818,081 | 1,283,860


Question: What was the component that comprised of the largest proportion of revenue for 2018 and 2019 respectively?
Answer: Equipment revenue, Equipment revenue
Calculation: Compare whether  Equipment revenue or  Spares & service revenue has a larger value for 2018 and 2019
5 Alternative Performance Measures (“APM’s”) continued
Unlevered Free Cash Flow
Unlevered free cash flow represents net cash flow from operating activities adjusted for exceptional items and net capital expenditure. Unlevered free cash flow provides an understanding of the Group’s cash generation and is a supplemental measure of liquidity in respect of the Group’s operations without the distortions of exceptional and other non-operating items.
Table:
 | Year-ended 31 March 2019 | Year-ended 31 March 2018
 | $M | $M
Net cash flow from operating activities | 142.9 | 147.7
Exceptional items | 3.1 | 13.0
Net capital expenditure | (22.2) | (21.1)
Unlevered free cash flow | 123.8 | 139.6


Question: What does unlevered free cash flow provide?
Answer: an understanding of the Group’s cash generation and is a supplemental measure of liquidity in respect of the Group’s operations without the distortions of exceptional and other non-operating items
ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Gross profit:
TORM defines Gross profit, a performance measure, as revenue less port expenses, bunkers and commissions, charter hire and operating expenses. The Company reports Gross profit because we believe it provides additional meaningful information to investors, as Gross profit measures the net earnings from shipping activities. Gross profit is calculated as follows:
Table:
USDm | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Reconciliation to revenue |  |  | 
Revenue | 692.6 | 635.4 | 657.0
Port expenses, bunkers and commissions | -267.7 | -283.0 | -259.9
Charter hire | - | -2.5 | -8.5
Operating expenses | -173.0 | -180.4 | -188.4
Gross profit | 251.9 | 169.5 | 200.2


Question: Why does the company reports gross profit?
Answer: it provides additional meaningful information to investors, as Gross profit measures the net earnings from shipping activities
A summary of our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2018, is as follows (amounts in millions):
Refer to Note 13 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further disclosures regarding our debt obligations.
Table:
 |  |  | December 31, 2018
 | Gross Carrying Amount | Unamortized Discount and Deferred Financing Costs | Net Carrying Amount
2021 Notes | 650 | (3) | 647
2022 Notes | 400 | (3) | 397
2026 Notes | 850 | (8) | 842
2027 Notes | 400 | (5) | 395
2047 Notes | 400 | (10) | 390
Total debt | $2,700 | $(29) | $2,671


Question: What was the change in gross carrying amount between the 2021 and 2022 notes?
Answer: -250
Calculation: 400-650
12. Restructuring
In fiscal 2019, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to increase efficiency in its sales, marketing and distribution functions as well as reduce costs across all functional areas. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred total restructuring charges of $14,765. These restructuring charges relate primarily to severance and related costs associated with headcount reductions and lease abandonment charges associated with two leases. These charges include $2,632 of stock- based compensation related to modifications of existing unvested awards granted to certain employees impacted by the restructuring plan.
The activity in the Company’s restructuring accruals for the year ended March 31, 2019 is summarized as follows:
As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding restructuring accruals primarily relate to future severance and lease payments.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Table:
 | Lease abandonment charges | Severance & payroll related charges | Total
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $— | $— | $—
Restructuring charges | 1,034 | 14,606 | 15,640
Payments | (540) | (12,642) | (13,182)
Accrual reversals | — | (875) | (875)
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $494 | $1,089 | $1,583


Question: What fraction of the total restructuring charges included stock-based compensation?
Answer: 0.18
Calculation: 2,632/14,765
Interest Expense and Interest Income and Other Expense, net
The table below sets forth the changes in interest expense and interest income and other expense, net, for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2019, as compared to fiscal year ended December 30, 2018 (in thousands, except percentage data):
The $242,000 increase in interest expense was attributable to higher line of credit balance in 2019 compared to 2018. The $112,000 increase in interest income and other expenses was attributable to increase in interest income from money market account with Heritage Bank.
Table:
 | Fiscal Years |  | Year-Over-Year Change | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | Amount | Percentage
Interest expense | $(350) | $(108) | $(242) | 224%
Interest income and other expense, net | 189 | 77 | 112 | 145%
 | $(161) | $(31) | $(130) | 419%


Question: What is the average net interest income and other expense in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 133
Calculation: (77 + 189)/2
Note 3 – Inventories, net
Inventories consisted of the following:
Table:
 |  | December 31,
 | 2019 | 2018
Ingredients | $ 1,942 | $ 1,580
Packaging | 2,230 | 2,072
Finished goods | 2,220 | 2,165
Total inventories, net | $ 6,392 | $ 5,817


Question: What is the value of finished goods in 2019?
Answer: 2,220
Fiscal 2021 LTIP
Grants made in Fiscal 2019 under the Fiscal 2021 LTIP took effect on August 6, 2018 with the goal of measuring performance over the three year period starting July 1, 2018. The table below illustrates the target value of each element under the Fiscal 2021 LTIP for each Named Executive Officer.
Awards granted in Fiscal 2019 under the Fiscal 2021 LTIP were in addition to the awards granted in Fiscal 2018, Fiscal 2017, and prior years. For details of our previous LTIPs, see Item 11 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the appropriate year.
Table:
Named Executive Officer | Performance Share Units | Restricted Share Units | Stock Options | Total
Mark J. Barrenechea | $2,815,000 | $1,407,500 | $1,407,500 | $5,630,000
Madhu Ranganathan | $500,000 | $250,000 | $250,000 | $1,000,000
Muhi Majzoub | $550,000 | $275,000 | $275,000 | $1,100,000
Gordon A. Davies | $500,000 | $250,000 | $250,000 | $1,000,000
Simon Harrison | $218,750 | $109,375 | $109,375 | $437,500


Question: What is the total target value for Mark J. Barrenechea?
Answer: 5,630,000
The activity for unrecognized gross tax benefits is as follows (in millions):
Included in the December 31, 2019 balance of $130.0 million is $97.2 million related to unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the annual effective tax rate. Also included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019 is $32.8 million of benefit that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes.
Although the Company cannot predict the timing of resolution with taxing authorities, if any, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that its unrecognized tax benefits will be reduced by $1.5 million in the next 12 months due to settlement with tax authorities or expiration of the applicable statute of limitations. The Company did not recognize any additional tax benefit or expense for interest and penalties during the year ended December 31, 2019.
The Company recognized approximately $0.8 million of tax benefit and $1.5 million of tax expense for interest and penalties during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company had approximately $5.1 million, $5.1 million, and $5.9 million of accrued interest and penalties at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued in relation to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense.
Tax years prior to 2016 are generally not subject to examination by the IRS except for items involving tax attributes that have been carried forward to tax years whose statute of limitations remains open. The Company is not currently under IRS examination. For state returns, the Company is generally not subject to income tax examinations for years prior to 2015.
The Company is also subject to routine examinations by various foreign tax jurisdictions in which it operates. With respect to jurisdictions outside the United States, the Company's subsidiaries are generally no longer subject to income tax audits for years prior to 2009. The Company is currently under audit in the following jurisdictions including, but not limited to, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, the Philippines, Singapore and the United Kingdom.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Balance at beginning of year | $112.2 | $114.8 | $136.7
Acquired balances | 15.5 | — | —
Additions for tax benefits related to the current year | 9.4 | 7.4 | 23.6
Additions for tax benefits of prior years | 8.0 | 2.8 | 4.7
Reductions for tax benefits of prior years | (0.2) | (1.9) | (1.6)
Lapse of statute | (8.2) | (10.9) | (16.3)
Settlements | (6.7) | — | (4.9)
Change in rate due to U.S. Tax Reform | — | — | (27.4)
Balance at end of year | $130.0 | $112.2 | $114.8


Question: What is the average Additions for tax benefits related to the current year for December 31, 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 8.4
Calculation: (9.4+7.4) / 2
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts of borrowings under credit facilities and under loans approximates fair value as interest rates on these instruments approximates current market rates.
Notes payable and long-term debt is carried at amortized cost; however, the Company estimates the fair value of notes payable and long-term debt for disclosure purposes. The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s notes payable and long-term debt, by hierarchy level as of the periods indicated:
(1) The fair value estimates are based upon observable market data.
(2) This fair value estimate is based on the Company’s indicative borrowing cost derived from discounted cash flows.
Refer to Note 9 – “Postretirement and Other Employee Benefits” for disclosure surrounding the fair value of the Company’s pension plan assets.
Table:
 |  | August 31, 2019 |  | August 31, 2018 | 
(in thousands) | Fair Value Hierarchy | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value
Notes payable and long-term debt: (Note 8) |  |  |  |  | 
5.625% Senior Notes | Level 2(1) | $398,886 | $416,000 | $397,995 | $415,704
4.700% Senior Notes | Level 2(1) | 498,004 | 525,890 | 497,350 | 503,545
4.900% Senior Notes | Level 3(2) | 299,057 | 318,704 | 298,814 | 306,535
3.950% Senior Notes | Level 2(1) | 494,825 | 509,845 | 494,208 | 476,010


Question: What was the percentage change in the carrying amount for the 4.900% Senior Notes between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 0.08
Calculation: (299,057-298,814)/298,814
3.5 INCOME TAXES
(1) Fiscal 2018 was restated to comply with IFRS 15 and to reflect a change in accounting policy as well as to reclassify results from Cogeco Peer 1 as discontinued operations. For further details, please consult the "Accounting policies" and "Discontinued operations" sections.
Fiscal 2019 income taxes expense amounted to $83.7 million compared to a recovery of $17.2 million for the prior year mainly attributable to: • the effect of the federal rate reduction in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 in the United States; • the increase in profit before income taxes which is mostly related to the impact of the MetroCast acquisition completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, and • the appreciation of the US dollar against the Canadian dollar compared to the prior year.
On March 19, 2019, the Department of Finance Canada confirmed the acceleration of tax depreciation on most capital investments for property, plant and equipment acquired after November 20, 2018, which phases out during the period from 2023 to 2028. The federal accelerated tax depreciation had a favorable impact on the current income tax expense of the Corporation in fiscal 2019. On March 21, 2019, the Québec Department of Finance confirmed that it would harmonize with the Federal legislation.
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. federal government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act"). The tax reform reduced the general federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% starting after 2017 which reduced net deferred tax liabilities by approximately $94 million (US$74 million) in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. In addition, the Act calls for other changes such as interest deductibility limitations, full deduction of acquisitions of tangible assets, net operating losses limitations as well as base erosion anti-avoidance, which together with tax rate reductions, had an overall favorable impact on the income tax expense.
Table:
Years ended August 31, | 2019 | 2018 (1) | Change
(in thousands of dollars, except percentages) | $ | $ | %
Profit before income taxes | 440,563 | 367,380 | 19.9
Combined Canadian income tax rate | 26.50% | 26.50% | —
Income taxes at combined Canadian income tax rate | 116,749 | 97,356 | 19.9
Difference in operations' statutory income tax rates | 1,466 | (3) | —
Impact on deferred taxes as a result of changes in substantively enacted tax rates | 15 | (94,175) | —
Impact on income taxes arising from non-deductible expenses and non-taxable profit | (565) | 1,670 | —
Tax impacts related to foreign operations | (28,633) | (22,099) | 29.6
Other | (5,377) | 53 | —
 | 83,655 | (17,198) | —


Question: What was the average Tax impacts related to foreign operations between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -25366
Calculation: - (28,633 + 22,099) / 2