hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
(19) Income Taxes
Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Reform Act was signed into law. Among other provisions, the Tax Reform Act reduced the federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%. During the fourth quarter of 2017, we recorded a one-time, noncash net tax benefit of $110.9 million related to the revaluation of our deferred income tax assets and liabilities as a result of the Tax Reform Act.
Table:
 |  | Year ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current: |  |  | 
Federal | $39.5 | $35.0 | $10.4
State | 9.7 | 9.4 | 5.3
Foreign | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9
Total current | 50.1 | 45.2 | 16.6
Deferred: |  |  | 
Federal | (0.2) | (2.3) | (87.5)
State | (8.0) | (5.2) | 9.1
Total deferred | (8.2) | (7.5) | (78.4)
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $41.9 | $37.7 | $(61.8)


Question: Which years does the table provide information for the company's income tax expense (benefit)?
Answer: 2019, 2018, 2017
At March 31, 2019, the Company had $7.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits. A reconciliation of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) is as follows (amounts in thousands):
At March 31, 2019, $1.9 million of the $7.7 million of unrecognized income tax benefits would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate, if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the total unrecognized tax benefit could decrease by $1.0 million in fiscal year 2020 if the advanced pricing arrangement for one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is agreed to by the foreign tax authority and an ongoing audit in one of the Company’s foreign jurisdictions is settled.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and multiple foreign jurisdictions, including various state and local jurisdictions. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service concluded its examinations of the Company’s U.S. federal tax returns for all tax years through 2003. Because of net operating losses, the Company’s U.S. federal returns for 2003 and later years will remain subject to examination until the losses are utilized. The Company is subject to income tax examinations in various foreign and U.S. state jurisdictions for the years 2014 and forward. The Company records potential interest and penalty expenses related to unrecognized income tax benefits within its global operations in income tax expense. The Company had $0.5 million and $0.9 million of accrued interest and penalties respectively at March 31, 2019 and 2018, which are included as a component of income tax expense. To the extent interest and penalties are not assessed with respect to uncertain tax positions, amounts accrued will be reduced and reflected as a reduction of the overall income tax provision.
Table:
 |  | Fiscal Years Ended March 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Beginning of fiscal year | $8,680 | $7,390 | $7,103
Additions from business combinations | — | 1,270 | —
Additions for tax positions of the current year | 2,027 | 1,078 | 762
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 519 | — | —
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | (633) | (1,058) | (64)
Lapse in statute of limitations | (9) | — | (411)
Settlements | (2,923) | — | —
End of fiscal year | $7,661 | $8,680 | $7,390


Question: What was the change in the balance at the Beginning of fiscal year between 2017 and 2019?
Answer: 1577
Calculation: 8,680-7,103
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, based on the department to which the related employee reports, as follows: The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations, based on the department to which the related employee reports, as follows:
The total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance-based restricted stock units as of December 31, 2019 was $3.6 million, and the weighted average period over which these equity awards are expected to vest is 1.6 years. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options as of December 31, 2019 was $2.0 million, and the weighted average period over which these equity awards are expected to vest is 2.30 years.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (in thousands) | 
Cost of net revenue | $577 | $489 | $332
Research and development | 16,545 | 17,953 | 16,190
Selling, general and administrative | 14,938 | 13,279 | 11,016
Restructuring expense | — | — | 5,130
 | $32,060 | $31,721 | $32,668


Question: What was the change in Cost of net revenue from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: 88
Calculation: 577 - 489
In the first quarter of 2019, the Company determined that certain revenue in the IT Services and Hardware segment associated with nonrecurring projects is better aligned with Infrastructure Solutions, rather than Consulting, where it was previously reported.  As a result, the Company reclassed revenue of $26.6 million and $12.3 million from Consulting to Infrastructure Solutions for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  This reclassification of revenue had no impact on the Consolidated Statements of Operations
The following table presents revenues disaggregated by contract type
Table:
Year ended December 31, |  |  | 
(dollars in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Entertainment and Communications |  |  | 
Products and services transferred at a point in time | $31.7 | $25.3 | $20.6
Products and services transferred over time | 942.4 | 805.8 | 664.3
Intersegment revenue | 21.6 | 22.3 | 21.2
Total Entertainment and Communications | 995.7 | 853.4 | 706.1
IT Services and Hardware |  |  | 
Products and services transferred at a point in time | 138.7 | 142.9 | 80.8
Products and services transferred over time | 423.9 | 404.2 | 300.0
Intersegment revenue | 4.8 | 3.8 | 4.3
Total IT Services and Hardware | 567.4 | 550.9 | 385.1
Total Revenue |  |  | 
Total products and services transferred at a point in time | 170.4 | 168.2 | 101.4
Total products and services transferred over time | 1,366.3 | 1210.0 | 964.3
Total revenue | $1,536.7 | $1,378.2 | $1,065.7


Question: What is the revenue from total entertainment and communications in 2019?
Answer: 995.7
Cloud & Cognitive Software
* Recast to reflect segment changes.
** 2019 results were impacted by Red Hat purchase accounting.
Cloud & Cognitive Software revenue of $23,200 million increased 4.5 percent as reported (6 percent adjusted for currency) in 2019 compared to the prior year. There was strong growth in Cloud & Data Platforms, as reported and at constant currency, driven primarily by the acquisition of Red Hat in the third quarter of 2019. Red Hat had continued strong performance since the acquisition, in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), application development and emerging technologies, led by OpenShift and Ansible. Red Hat and IBM are driving synergies with strong adoption of Cloud Paks since their introduction, expansion of our combined client base and more than 2,000 clients using our hybrid cloud platform. Cognitive Applications also grew as reported and at constant currency. Transaction Processing Platforms declined year to year as reported, but grew 1 percent adjusted for currency driven by strong fourth-quarter performance.
Cognitive Applications revenue of $5,765 million grew 2.3 percent as reported (4 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the prior year, driven by double-digit growth as reported and adjusted for currency in Security, and growth in industry verticals such as IoT. The Security performance included continued strong results in threat management software and services offerings. Within IoT, we had good revenue performance across the portfolio as we continued to invest in new offerings and industry-specific solutions.
Cloud & Data Platforms revenue of $9,499 million increased 10.4 percent as reported (12 percent adjusted for currency) compared to the prior year. Performance was driven by the addition of RHEL and OpenShift and the continued execution of the combined Red Hat and IBM hybrid strategy.
Transaction Processing Platforms revenue of $7,936 million decreased 0.5 percent as reported, but grew 1 percent adjusted for currency in 2019, compared to the prior year. Revenue performance reflects the ongoing investment in IBM platforms, and the timing of larger transactions that are tied to client business volumes and buying cycles.
Within Cloud & Cognitive Software, cloud revenue of $4.2 billion grew 40 percent as reported and 42 percent adjusted for currency year to year, reflecting the acquisition of Red Hat and client adoption of our hybrid cloud offerings.
Table:
($ in millions) |  |  |  | 
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018 | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent Change ** | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent Change Adjusted for Currency **
Cloud & Cognitive Software external revenue | $23,200 | $22,209 | 4.5% | 6.2%
Cognitive Applications | $ 5,765 | $ 5,633 | 2.3% | 3.9%
Cloud & Data Platforms | 9,499 | 8,603 | 10.4 | 12.3
Transaction Processing Platforms | 7,936 | 7,974 | (0.5) | 1.4


Question: What percentage of Cloud & Cognitive Software external revenue was Transaction Processing Platforms in 2019?
Answer: 34.21
Calculation: 7,936 / 23,200
18. Commitments
The Group leases various offices in locations such as Amsterdam, the Netherlands; the San Francisco Bay Area, California, New York, New York, Austin, Texas, and Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Sydney, Australia; Manila, the Philippines; Bengaluru, India; Yokohama, Japan; and Ankara, Turkey under non-cancellable operating leases expiring within one to nine years. The leases have varying terms, escalation clauses and renewal rights. On renewal, the terms of the leases are renegotiated. The Group incurred rent expense on its operating leases of $38.6 million, $23.6 million, and $12.2 million during the fiscal years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Additionally, the Group has a contractual commitment for services with third-parties related to its cloud services platform and data centers. These commitments are non-cancellable and expire within two to four years.
Commitments for minimum lease payments in relation to non-cancellable operating leases and purchase obligations as of June 30, 2019 were as follows:
Table:
 | Operating Leases | Other Contractual Commitments | Total
 |  | (U.S. $ in thousands) | 
Fiscal Period: |  |  | 
Year ending 2020 | $38,790 | $108,978 | $147,768
Years ending 2021 - 2024 | 148,021 | 219,342 | 367,363
Thereafter | 144,037 | — | 144,037
Total commitments | $330,848 | $328,320 | 659,168


Question: What are the total commitments towards operating leases?
Answer: $330,848
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data presented below has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.
(1) We elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”) in 2016, which requires us, among other things, to prospectively record excess tax benefits as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity.
(2) We retrospectively adopted ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” in 2018. As a result, we have adjusted balances for 2017 and 2016. We have not adjusted 2015 for ASU 2014-09.
Table:
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data (1) (2): |  |  |  |  | 
Revenue: |  |  |  |  | 
Perpetual license | $80,015 | 109,863 | 132,883 | 145,053 | 166,305
Term license | 199,433 | 178,256 | 206,411 | 152,231 | 109,283
Maintenance | 280,580 | 263,875 | 242,320 | 218,635 | 202,802
Cloud | 133,746 | 82,627 | 51,097 | 40,647 | 30,626
Consulting | 217,609 | 256,960 | 255,756 | 205,663 | 173,679
Total revenue | $911,383 | 891,581 | 888,467 | 762,229 | 682,695
(Loss) income from operations | $(134,878) | $(17,032) | $93,177 | $50,644 | $64,661
Net (loss) income | $(90,433) | $10,617 | $98,548 | $45,015 | $36,322
(Loss) earnings per share |  |  |  |  | 
Basic | $(1.14) | $0.14 | $1.27 | $0.59 | $0.47
Diluted | $(1.14) | $0.13 | $1.19 | $0.56 | $0.46
Cash dividends declared per common share | $0.12 | $0.12 | $0.12 | $0.12 | $0.12


Question: What are the respective revenue from perpetual license in 2016 and 2017?
Answer: 145,053, 132,883
Liability Insurance
The Company carries property, general liability, vehicle liability, directors’ and officers’ liability and workers’ compensation insurance. Additionally, the Company carries an umbrella liability policy to provide excess coverage over the underlying limits of the aforementioned primary policies.
The Company’s insurance programs for workers’ compensation, general liability, and employee related health care benefits are provided through high deductible or self-insured programs. Claims in excess of self-insurance levels are fully insured subject to policy limits. Accruals are based on historical claims experience, actual claims filed, and estimates of claims incurred but not reported.
The Company’s liabilities for unpaid and incurred, but not reported claims, for workers’ compensation, general liability, and health insurance at September 2019 and September 2018 was $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. These amounts are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. While the ultimate amount of claims incurred is dependent on future developments, in the Company’s opinion, recorded reserves are adequate to cover the future payment of claims previously incurred. However, it is possible that recorded reserves may not be adequate to cover the future payment of claims.
Adjustments, if any, to claims estimates previously recorded, resulting from actual claim payments, are reflected in operations in the periods in which such adjustments are known.
A summary of the activity in the Company’s self-insured liabilities reserve is set forth below (in millions):
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Beginning balance | $1.6 | $1.5
Charged to expense | 5.4 | 5.8
Payments | (5.5) | (5.7)
Ending balance | $ 1.5 | $ 1.6


Question: What is the percentage change in the beginning balance of the company's liability insurance between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 6.67
Calculation: (1.6 - 1.5)/1.5
The carrying amounts of other financial instruments not listed in the table below approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value in the financial statements were as follows:
The fair values of long-term debt as of June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018 were determined by using current interest rates for debt with terms and maturities similar to the Company’s existing debt arrangements and accordingly would be classified as Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.
The carrying amount of company-owned life insurance reflects cash surrender values based upon the market values of underlying securities, using Level 2 inputs, net of any outstanding policy loans. The carrying value associated with the cash surrender value of these policies is recorded in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
For purposes of performing Step 1 of goodwill impairment testing, the Company uses certain nonrecurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). Fair value of each reporting unit for purposes of the goodwill impairment test is based on a weighting of an income approach and a market approach. Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis that uses estimates of cash flows discounted to present value using rates commensurate with the risks associated with those cash flows. Under the market approach, a market-based value is derived by relating multiples for earnings and cash flow measures for a group of comparable public companies to the same measure for each reporting unit to estimate fair value. The assumptions used by the Company to determine fair value of the reporting units are similar to those that would be used by market participants performing valuations.
Table:
 | June 30, 2019 |  | June 30, 2018 | 
($ in millions) | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Carrying Value | Fair Value
Long-term debt | $550.6 | $560.6 | $545.7 | $558.3
Company-owned life insurance | $17.9 | $17.9 | $16.4 | $16.4


Question: In which years is the carrying and fair values of long-term debt provided?
Answer: 2019, 2018
Note 15 Leases
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS
BCE’s significant right-of-use assets under leases are satellites, office premises, land, cellular tower sites, retail outlets and OOH advertising spaces. Right-of-use assets are presented in Property, plant and equipment in the statement of financial position.
Table:
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 | NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT | LAND AND BUILDINGS | TOTAL
COST |  |  | 
January 1, 2019 | 3,329 | 2,453 | 5,782
Additions | 527 | 513 | 1,040
Transfers | (233) | – | (233)
Acquired through business combinations | – | 8 | 8
Lease terminations | (12) | (38) | (50)
Impairment losses recognized in earnings | (2) | (3) | (5)
December 31, 2019 | 3,609 | 2,933 | 6,542
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION |  |  | 
January 1, 2019 | 1,042 | 536 | 1,578
Depreciation | 373 | 303 | 676
Transfers | (111) | – | (111)
Lease terminations | (3) | (22) | (25)
December 31, 2019 | 1,301 | 817 | 2,118
NET CARRYING AMOUNT |  |  | 
January 1, 2019 | 2,287 | 1,917 | 4,204
December 31, 2019 | 2,308 | 2,116 | 4,424


Question: What is the change in the total net carrying amount in 2019?
Answer: 220
Calculation: 4,424-4,204
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net decreased by $4.3 million in 2018 compared to 2017 as a result of an increase in interest expense of $5.7 million related to interest expense due under our convertible senior notes. This increase was offset by an increase of $1.4 million of interest income earned on our short-term investments.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | Change | 
 | 2018 | 2017 | $ | %
 |  | (dollars in thousands) |  | 
Other expense, net | $ 4,628 | $ 302 | $ 4,326 | 1432.5%
% of revenue | 3% | 0% |  | 


Question: What is the change in the % of revenue between 2017 and 2018?
Answer: 3
Calculation: 3 - 0
Stock repurchases
(1) On March 15, 2019, the Company announced that the Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2020 and increased the amount of common stock the Company is authorized to repurchase by $60 million.
Table:
 | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 | 
(in thousands) | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount
January 1, |  | $6,620 |  | $34,892 |  | $39,385
Authorizations (1) |  | $60,000 |  | $27,003 |  | $ -
Repurchases | (333) | $(21,136) | (1,001) | $(55,275) | (99) | $(4,493)
December 31, |  | $45,484 |  | $6,620 |  | $34,892


Question: What were the amounts that the company is authorised to repurchase in 2019 and 2018 respectively?
Answer: $60,000, $27,003
the company 2019s stock performance the following graph compares cumulative total return of the company 2019s common stock with the cumulative total return of ( i ) the nasdaq stock market-united states , and ( ii ) the nasdaq biotechnology index . the graph assumes ( a ) $ 100 was invested on july 31 , 2001 in each of the company 2019s common stock , the stocks comprising the nasdaq stock market-united states and the stocks comprising the nasdaq biotechnology index , and ( b ) the reinvestment of dividends . comparison of 65 month cumulative total return* among alexion pharmaceuticals , inc. , the nasdaq composite index and the nasdaq biotechnology index alexion pharmaceuticals , inc . nasdaq composite nasdaq biotechnology .

Table:
 | 7/02 | 7/03 | 7/04 | 7/05 | 12/05 | 12/06 | 12/07
alexion pharmaceuticals inc . | 100.00 | 108.38 | 102.64 | 167.89 | 130.56 | 260.41 | 483.75
nasdaq composite | 100.00 | 128.98 | 142.51 | 164.85 | 168.24 | 187.43 | 204.78
nasdaq biotechnology | 100.00 | 149.29 | 146.51 | 176.75 | 186.10 | 183.89 | 187.04
.

Question: what is the percent change in the investment into alexion pharmaceuticals between 7/02 and 7/03?
Answer: 8.4%
Calculation: subtract(108.38, 100), divide(#0, 100)
Our net sales by offering category for APAC for 2019 and 2018, were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Net sales in APAC decreased 4% (increased 2% excluding the effects of fluctuating foreign currency rates), or $6.7 million, in 2019 compared to 2018. In APAC, increases in hardware and services net sales year over year were offset by a decrease in software net sales during 2019 compared to 2018. The changes were the result of the following:
• Continued expansion of hardware offerings in the APAC market resulted in higher net sales in this category.
• Continued trend toward higher sales of cloud solution offerings that are recorded on a net sales recognition basis in the services net sales category resulted in declines in the software net sales category.
• Higher volume of net sales of cloud solution offerings and software referral fees that are recorded on a net sales recognition basis positively impacted services net sales. Additionally, there were contributions from Insight delivered services from increased net sales of our digital innovation solutions offering.
Table:
 | APAC |  | 
Sales Mix | 2019 | 2018 | %Change
Hardware | $34,965 | $29,496 | 19%
Software | 92,988 | 107,363 | (13%)
Services | 52,288 | 50,055 | 4%
 | $180,241 | $186,914 | (4%)


Question: What is the change in Sales Mix of Hardware between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 5469
Calculation: 34,965-29,496
Share Repurchase
On December 18, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized to remove the expiration date to the Company’s common stock share repurchase program and increase the authorized amount by $25.1 million increasing the authorization to repurchase shares up to a total of $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, a total of $50.0 million remained available for future share repurchases. We repurchased 1.7 million shares for $95.1 million and 0.4 million shares for $30.0 million in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were no shares repurchased in fiscal 2019. CASH FLOWS
A summary of our cash provided by and used in operating, investing, and financing activities is as follows (in thousands):
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations | $47,899 | $151,427
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations | 493 | (156)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 48,392 | 151,271
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations | (393,847) | (113,592)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations | 338,840 | (97,134)
EFFECT OF CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON CASH | (1,496) | (1,030)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (8,111) | (60,485)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | 354,552 | 415,037
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | 346,441 | 354,552
Less cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations | — | 5,251
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS, end of period | $346,441 | $349,301


Question: What was the percentage change in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations at the end of the period between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -0.82
Calculation: ($346,441-$349,301)/$349,301