hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Teradyne’s gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
Current year additions relate to federal and state research credits. Prior year additions primarily relate to stock-based compensation. Prior year reductions are primarily composed of federal and state reserves related to transfer pricing and research credits and resulted from the completion of the 2015 U.S. federal audit in the first quarter of 2019.
Of the $21.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019, $12.7 million would impact the consolidated income tax rate if ultimately recognized. The remaining $8.5 million would impact deferred taxes if recognized.
Teradyne does not anticipate a material change in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019 in the next twelve months.
Teradyne records all interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties related to income tax items at December 31, 2019 and 2018 amounted to $1.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, expense of $1.1 million, expense of $0.1 million and benefit of $0.1 million, respectively, was recorded for interest and penalties related to income tax items.
Teradyne is subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple state, local and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2019, all material state and local income tax matters have been concluded through 2013, all material federal income tax matters have been concluded through 2015 and all material foreign income tax matters have been concluded through 2011. However, in some jurisdictions, including the United States, operating losses and tax credits may be subject to adjustment until such time as they are utilized and the year of utilization is closed to adjustment.
As of December 31, 2019, Teradyne is not permanently reinvested with respect to the unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries to the extent that those earnings exceed local statutory and operational requirements. Remittance of those earnings is not expected to result in material income tax.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (in thousands) | 
Beginning balance, as of January 1 | $43,395 | $36,263 | $38,958
Additions: |  |  | 
Tax positions for current year | 1,322 | 4,716 | 8,208
Tax positions for prior years | 8,043 | 2,626 | 199
Reductions: |  |  | 
Tax positions for prior years | (31,397) | (153) | (10,573)
Expiration of statutes | (183) | (57) | (325)
Settlements with tax authorities | — | — | (204)
Ending balance, as of December 31 | $21,180 | $43,395 | $36,263


Question: In which year was the Ending balance, as of December 31 the largest?
Answer: 2018
Calculation: 43,395>36,263>21,180
Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents contract revenues that have not yet been recognized for contracts with a duration greater than one year. As of December 31, 2019, we did not have any significant performance obligations related to customer contracts that had an original expected duration of one year or more, other than maintenance services, which are satisfied over time. As a practical expedient, for certain contracts recognize revenue equal to the amounts we are entitled to invoice which correspond to the value of completed performance obligations to date. The amount related to these performance obligations was $13.3 million as of December 31, 2018. The amount related to these performance obligations was $13.6 million as of December 31, 2019, and the Company expects to recognize 64% of such revenue over the next 12 months with the remainder thereafter.
The following table provides information about accounts receivables, contract assets and unearned revenue from contracts with customers:
(1) Included in other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Of the outstanding unearned revenue balance as of December 31, 2018, $12.7 million was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Table:
(In thousands) | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable | $90,531 | $99,385
Contract assets (1) | $2,812 | $3,766
Unearned revenue | $11,963 | $17,940
Non-current unearned revenue | $6,012 | $5,296


Question: How much of the outstanding unearned revenue balance as of December 31, 2018 was recognized as revenue in 2019?
Answer: $12.7 million
Other Income (Expense)
Interest income in 2019 increased by $0.4 million due to an increase in interest income earned on investment securities and money market portfolios.
Interest expense in 2019 decreased by $6.6 million due to the payoff of the 1.50% convertible notes due July 1, 2018 with a principal amount of $253.0 million (the “2018 Notes”) in the third quarter of 2018. Refer to the section titled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information on the convertible notes.
Other, net primarily included foreign exchange gains and losses related to transactions denominated in foreign currencies, as well as foreign exchange gains and losses related to our intercompany loans and certain cash accounts. Foreign exchange gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, were primarily driven by fluctuations in the euro and US dollar in relation to the British pound.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (in thousands) | 
Interest income | $8,178 | $7,796 | $2,951
Interest expense | (21,559) | (28,176) | (14,762)
Other, net | 84 | (3,098) | 1,478
Other expense, net | $(13,297) | $(23,478) | $(10,333)


Question: What was interest income in 2017?
Answer: $2,951
21. Supplemental Data
The following are additional required disclosures and other material items:
Table:
 |  | Years Ended June 30, | 
($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Cost Data: |  |  | 
Repairs and maintenance costs | $120.4 | $108.0 | $99.1
Cash Flow Data: |  |  | 
Noncash investing and financing activities: |  |  | 
Noncash purchases of property, plant, equipment and software | $16.1 | $16.5 | $13.7
Cash paid (received) during the year for: |  |  | 
Interest payments, net | $27.6 | $29.5 | $27.7
Income tax payments (refunds), net | $27.5 | $33.7 | $(33.3)


Question: What was the change in Repairs and maintenance costs in 2019 from 2018?
Answer: 12.4
Calculation: 120.4-108.0
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of the net deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows (amounts in millions):
As of December 31, 2019, we had gross tax credit carryforwards of $191 million for state purposes. The tax credit carryforwards are included in Deferred tax assets net of unrealized tax benefits that would apply upon the realization of uncertain tax positions. In addition, we had foreign NOL carryforwards of $32 million at December 31, 2019, attributed mainly to losses in France which can be carried forward indefinitely.
We evaluate deferred tax assets each period for recoverability. We record a valuation allowance for assets that do not meet the threshold of “more likely than not” to be realized in the future. To make that determination, we evaluate the likelihood of realization based on the weight of all positive and negative evidence available. As a result of the Closing Agreement, we received in 2018, we determined at that time that our remaining California research and development credit carryforwards (“CA R&D Credit”) no longer met the threshold of more likely than not to be realized in the future. As such, consistent with our position at December 31, 2018, we have established a full valuation allowance against our CA R&D Credit. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the valuation allowance related to our CA R&D Credit is $71 million. We will reassess this determination quarterly and record a tax benefit if and when future evidence allows for a partial or full release of this valuation allowance.
As of December 31, 2017, we no longer consider the available cash balances related to undistributed earnings held outside of the U.S. by our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested.
Table:
, | As of December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Deferred tax assets: |  | 
Allowance for sales returns and price protection | $19 | $25
Accrued expenses | 28 | 26
Deferred revenue | 119 | 136
Tax attributes carryforwards | 93 | 81
Share-based compensation | 54 | 69
Intangibles | 1,289 | 43
U.S. deferred taxes on foreign earnings | — | 318
Capitalized software development expenses | 67 | —
Other | 109 | 28
Deferred tax assets | 1,778 | 726
Valuation allowance | (181) | (61)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 1,597 | 665
Deferred tax liabilities: |  | 
Intangibles | (142) | (140)
Capitalized software development expenses | — | (57)
U.S. deferred taxes on foreign earnings | (594) | —
Other | (73) | (26)
Deferred tax liabilities | (809) | (223)
Net deferred tax assets | $788 | $442


Question: What was the amount of gross tax credit carryforwards for state purposes in 2019?
Answer: $191 million
1 Interest on borrowings includes interest on short-term borrowings and on long-term debt.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE AND CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS We recognized $79 million in net foreign exchange gains in 2019 (2018 – $136 million in net losses). These gains and losses were primarily attributed to our US dollar-denominated commercial paper (US CP) program borrowings (see note 17).
These foreign exchange gains (2018 – losses) were partially offset by the $80 million loss related to the change in fair value of derivatives (2018 – $95 million gain) that was primarily attributed to the debt derivatives, which were not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, we used to substantially offset the foreign exchange risk related to these US dollar-denominated borrowings.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, after determining we would not be able to exercise our outstanding bond forward derivatives (bond forwards) within the designated time frame, we discontinued hedge accounting and reclassified a $21 million loss from the hedging reserve within shareholders’ equity to “change in fair value of derivative instruments” within finance costs.
We subsequently extended the bond forwards and redesignated them as effective hedges. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we exercised these bond forwards. See note 17 for more information on our bond forwards.
NOTE 11: FINANCE COSTS
Table:
 | Years ended December 31 | Years ended December 31 | Years ended December 31
(In millions of dollars) | Note | 2019 | 2018
Interest on borrowings 1 |  | 746 | 709
Interest on post-employment benefits liability | 23 | 11 | 14
Loss on repayment of long-term debt | 21 | 19 | 28
(Gain) loss on foreign exchange |  | (79) | 136
Change in fair value of derivative instruments |  | 80 | (95)
Capitalized interest |  | (19) | (20)
Other |  | 21 | 21
Finance costs before interest on lease liabilities |  | 779 | 793
Interest expense on lease liabilities | 8 | 61 | -
Total finance costs |  | 840 | 793


Question: What is the increase/ (decrease) in Loss on repayment of long-term debt from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -9
Calculation: 19-28
Management Discussion and Analysis
Capital Management and Dividend Policy
Notes: (1) Net debt is defined as gross debt less cash and bank balances adjusted for related hedging balances.
(2) Net debt gearing ratio is defined as the ratio of net debt to net capitalisation. Net capitalisation is the aggregate of net debt, shareholders’ funds and non-controlling interests.
(3) Interest cover refers to the ratio of EBITDA and share of associates’ pre-tax profits to net interest expense.
As at 31 March 2019, the Group’s net debt was S$9.9 billion, stable from a year ago. 

As at 31 March 2019, the Group’s net debt was S$9.9 billion, stable from a year ago.
The Group has one of the strongest credit ratings among telecommunication companies in the Asia Pacific region. Singtel is currently rated A1 by Moody’s and A+ by S&P Global Ratings. The Group continues to maintain a healthy capital structure. 

The Group has one of the strongest credit ratings among telecommunication companies in the Asia Pacific region. Singtel is currently rated A1 by Moody’s and A+ by S&P Global Ratings. The Group continues to maintain a healthy capital structure.
For the financial year ended 31 March 2019, the total ordinary dividend payout, including the proposed final dividend, was 17.5 cents per share or 101% of the Group’s underlying net profit and 88% of the Group’s free cash flow (after interest and tax payments). 

For the financial year ended 31 March 2019, the total ordinary dividend payout, including the proposed final dividend, was 17.5 cents per share or 101% of the Group’s underlying net profit and 88% of the Group’s free cash flow (after interest and tax payments).
Singtel is committed to delivering dividends that increase over time with growth in underlying earnings, while maintaining an optimal capital structure and investment grade credit ratings. Barring unforeseen circumstances, it expects to maintain its ordinary dividends at 17.5 cents per share for the next financial year ending 31 March 2020.
Table:
 | Financial Year ended 31 March | 
Group | 2019 | 2018
Gross debt (S$ million) | 10,396 | 10,402
Net debt (1) (S$ million) | 9,883 | 9,877
Net debt gearing ratio (2) (%) | 24.9 | 24.9
Net debt to EBITDA and share of associates’ pre-tax proﬁts (number of times) | 1.6 | 1.3
Interest cover (3) (number of times) | 16.2 | 20.1


Question: What is Singtel's credit rating given by S&P Global Ratings?
Answer: A+
The following tables summarize the activity related to deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue (in millions):
During the years ended April 26, 2019 and April 27, 2018, we recognized $1,722 million and $1,806 million, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue balance at the beginning of the respective periods.
As of April 26, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $3,668 million, which is equivalent to our deferred revenue and unearned services revenue balance. Because customer orders are typically placed on an as-needed basis, and cancellable without penalty prior to shipment, orders in backlog may not be a meaningful indicator of future revenue and have not been included in this amount. We expect to recognize as revenue approximately 50% of our deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue balance in the next 12 months, approximately 25% in the next 13 to 24 months, and the remainder thereafter.
Table:
 | Year Ended | 
 | April 26, 2019 | April 27, 2018
Balance at beginning of period | $  3,363 | $ 3,213
Additions | 2,763 | 2,566
Revenue recognized during the period | (2,458 ) | (2,416 )
Balance at end of period | $  3,668 | $ 3,363


Question: How much was included in the deferred revenue and financed unearned services revenue balance at the beginning of 2019?
Answer: 1,722
3 . dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates cash dividends received from consolidated subsidiaries and from affiliates accounted for by the equity method were as follows ( in millions ) : .

Table:
 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001
subsidiaries | $ 807 | $ 771 | $ 1038
affiliates | 43 | 44 | 21
4 .
guarantees and letters of credit guarantees 2014in connection with certain of its project financing , acquisition , and power purchase agreements , the company has expressly undertaken limited obligations and commitments , most of which will only be effective or will be terminated upon the occurrence of future events .
these obligations and commitments , excluding those collateralized by letter of credit and other obligations discussed below , were limited as of december 31 , 2003 , by the terms of the agreements , to an aggregate of approximately $ 515 million representing 55 agreements with individual exposures ranging from less than $ 1 million up to $ 100 million .
of this amount , $ 147 million represents credit enhancements for non-recourse debt , and $ 38 million commitments to fund its equity in projects currently under development or in construction .
letters of credit 2014at december 31 , 2003 , the company had $ 89 million in letters of credit outstanding representing 9 agreements with individual exposures ranging from less than $ 1 million up to $ 36 million , which operate to guarantee performance relating to certain project development and construction activities and subsidiary operations .
the company pays a letter of credit fee ranging from 0.5% ( 0.5 % ) to 5.00% ( 5.00 % ) per annum on the outstanding amounts .
in addition , the company had $ 4 million in surety bonds outstanding at december 31 , 2003. .

Question: at december 31 , 2003 , what was the range of exposures for the outstanding letters of credit?
Answer: 35000000
Calculation: subtract(36, 1), multiply(#0, const_1000000)
Discontinued Operations
In December 2015, we completed the wind down of engineering, manufacturing and sales of our solar inverter product line (the "inverter business"). Accordingly, the results of our inverter business have been reflected as “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes” on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented herein.
The effect of our sales of the remaining extended inverter warranties to our customers continues to be reflected in deferred revenue in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred revenue for extended inverter warranties and the associated costs of warranty service will be reflected in Sales and Cost of goods sold, respectively, from continuing operations in future periods in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, as the deferred revenue is earned and the associated services are rendered. Extended warranties related to the inverter product line are no longer offered.
In May 2019, we divested our grid-tied central solar inverter repair and service operation. In conjunction with the divesture, the initial product warranty for the previously sold grid-tied central solar inverters was transferred to the buyer. Accordingly, a gain of $8.6 million net of tax expense of $2.4 million was recognized in Other income (expense) and Provision (benefit) for income taxes, respectively, in our discontinued operations for the year December 31, 2019. Operating income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, also includes the impacts of changes in our estimated product warranty liability, the recovery of accounts receivable and foreign exchange gain or (losses).
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (in thousands):
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Sales | $  — | $  —
Cost of sales | (901) | (88)
Total operating expense | 1,022 | 96
Operating income (loss) from discontinued operations | (121) | (8)
Other income (expense) | 10,895 | (24)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes | 10,774 | (32)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | 2,294 | 6
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | $ 8,480 | $  (38)


Question: What was the change in total operating expense between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 926
Calculation: 1,022-96
Opening Equity Balance Sheet Adjustments from Accounting Standards Adopted in 2018
On January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income and other ASUs. We adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method. We early adopted ASU 2018-02, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).
The cumulative after-tax effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of Topic 606, ASU 2018-02 and other ASUs was as follows:
Table:
 |  | Adjustments due to | Adjustments due to | Adjustments due to | 
(dollars in millions) | At December 31, 2017 | Topic 606 | ASU 2018-02 | Other ASUs | At January 1, 2018
Retained earnings | 35,635 | 2,890 | (652) | (6) | 37,867
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 2,659 | — | 652 | (22) | 3,289
Noncontrolling interests | 1,591 | 44 | — | — | 1,635


Question: Which method was used for adopting Topic 606?
Answer: the modified retrospective method.
Revenue
Revenue was $5,517.9 million and $5,878.3 million for 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $360.4 million, or 6.1% was primarily attributable to an 8.2%, 4.8% and 1.5% decrease in revenue in PSG, ASG and ISG, respectively, which is further explained below. Revenue by reportable segment for each were as follows (dollars in millions):
(1) Certain of the amounts may not total due to rounding of individual amounts.
Revenue from PSG
Revenue from PSG decreased by $249.9 million, or approximately 8%, which was due to a combination of a decrease in volume of products sold and a competitive pricing environment. The revenue in our Protection and Signal Division, Integrated Circuits Division, and High Power Division, decreased by $106.5 million, $96.6 million and $91.5 million, respectively. This was partially offset by an increase in revenue of $30.1 million and $15.0 million from our Foundry Services and Power Mosfet Division, respectively.
Revenue from ASG
Revenue from ASG decreased by $98.9 million, or approximately 5%, which was also due to a combination of a decrease in volume of products sold and a competitive pricing environment. The revenue in our Industrial and Offline Power Division and our Signal Processing, Wireless and Medical Division, decreased by $100.5 million and $56.4 million, respectively. This was partially offset by $84.8 million of revenue from Quantenna, which was acquired during 2019.
Revenue from ISG
Revenue from ISG decreased by $11.6 million, or 1.5%, which was due to a decrease in our Industrial Sensing Division revenue of $20.8 million, primarily due to decreased demand, which was partially offset by an increase in revenue in other divisions.
Table:
 | 2019 | As a % of Revenue (1) | 2018 | As a % of Revenue (1)
PSG | $ 2,788.3 | 50.5 % | $ 3,038.2 | 51.7 %
ASG | 1,972.3 | 35.7 % | 2,071.2 | 35.2 %
ISG | 757.3 | 13.7 % | 768.9 | 13.1 %
Total revenue | $ 5,517.9 |  | $ 5,878.3 | 


Question: What led to the decrease in overall Revenue between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: primarily attributable to an 8.2%, 4.8% and 1.5% decrease in revenue in PSG, ASG and ISG, respectively
Note 7 — Inventories, net
Inventories are used in the manufacture and service of Restaurant/Retail products. The components of inventory, net consist of the following:
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had recorded inventory write-downs of $9.6 million and $9.8 million , respectively, against Restaurant/Retail inventories, which relate primarily to service parts.
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | (in thousands) | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Finished Goods | $8,320 | $12,472
Work in process | — | 67
Component parts | 6,768 | 4,716
Service parts | 4,238 | 5,482
 | $19,326 | $22,737


Question: How much was the inventory write-downs at December 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively?
Answer: $9.6 million, $9.8 million