considered to be the primary beneficiary of either entity and have therefore deconsolidated both entities . at december 31 , 2010 , we held a 36% ( 36 % ) interest in juniperus which is accounted for using the equity method of accounting . our potential loss at december 31 , 2010 is limited to our investment of $ 73 million in juniperus , which is recorded in investments in the consolidated statements of financial position . we have not provided any financing to juniperus other than previously contractually required amounts . juniperus and jchl had combined assets and liabilities of $ 121 million and $ 22 million , respectively , at december 31 , 2008 . for the year ended december 31 , 2009 , we recognized $ 36 million of pretax income from juniperus and jchl . we recognized $ 16 million of after-tax income , after allocating the appropriate share of net income to the non-controlling interests . we previously owned an 85% ( 85 % ) economic equity interest in globe re limited ( 2018 2018globe re 2019 2019 ) , a vie , which provided reinsurance coverage for a defined portfolio of property catastrophe reinsurance contracts underwritten by a third party for a limited period which ended june 1 , 2009 . we consolidated globe re as we were deemed to be the primary beneficiary . in connection with the winding up of its operations , globe re repaid its $ 100 million of short-term debt and our equity investment from available cash in 2009 . we recognized $ 2 million of after-tax income from globe re in 2009 , taking into account the share of net income attributable to non-controlling interests . globe re was fully liquidated in the third quarter of 2009 . review by segment general we serve clients through the following segments : 2022 risk solutions ( formerly risk and insurance brokerage services ) acts as an advisor and insurance and reinsurance broker , helping clients manage their risks , via consultation , as well as negotiation and placement of insurance risk with insurance carriers through our global distribution network . 2022 hr solutions ( formerly consulting ) partners with organizations to solve their most complex benefits , talent and related financial challenges , and improve business performance by designing , implementing , communicating and administering a wide range of human capital , retirement , investment management , health care , compensation and talent management strategies . risk solutions .

Table:
years ended december 31, | 2010 | 2009 | 2008
revenue | $ 6423 | $ 6305 | $ 6197
operating income | 1194 | 900 | 846
operating margin | 18.6% ( 18.6 % ) | 14.3% ( 14.3 % ) | 13.7% ( 13.7 % )
the demand for property and casualty insurance generally rises as the overall level of economic activity increases and generally falls as such activity decreases , affecting both the commissions and fees generated by our brokerage business .
the economic activity that impacts property and casualty insurance is described as exposure units , and is most closely correlated with employment levels , corporate revenue and asset values .
during 2010 we continued to see a 2018 2018soft market 2019 2019 , which began in 2007 , in our retail brokerage product line .
in a soft market , premium rates flatten or decrease , along with commission revenues , due to increased competition for market share among insurance carriers or increased underwriting capacity .
changes in premiums have a direct and potentially material impact on the insurance brokerage industry , as commission revenues are generally based on a percentage of the .

Question: what are the total operating expenses for 2015?
Answer: 5229
Calculation: subtract(6423, 1194)