hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
4. SEPARATELY DISCLOSED ITEMS
The Group has disclosed underlying EBITDA1 and underlying profit after tax, referring to the Group’s trading results adjusted for certain transactions during the year that are not representative of the Group’s regular business activities. The Group considers that these transactions are of such significance to understanding the ongoing results of the Group that the Group has elected to separately identify these transactions to determine an ongoing result to enable a 'like-for-like' comparison. These items are described as 'separately disclosed items' throughout this Financial Report.
Transaction costs related to the acquisition of Sigma Systems (2018: acquisition of Enoro)
Transaction costs of $2,063,000 were incurred in relation to the acquisition of the Sigma Systems group of entities (Sigma). These include costs associated with vendor due diligence, legal and other administrative matters, as well as related travel costs incurred to meet representatives of Sigma’s management. These costs are included with 'Travel Expenses' and 'Other Expenses' in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Further details of the acquisition of Sigma are described in Note 24.
In the prior year, transaction costs of $677,000 were incurred in relation to the acquisition of Enoro Holdings AS (subsequently renamed to Hansen Technologies Holdings AS during FY19) and its controlled subsidiaries. These costs were included with 'Other Expenses' in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the prior year.
Onerous lease provision
The Group recognised a provision on future lease payments for one of our offices in the Americas, as the non-cancellable future payments in the lease contract are expected to exceed the benefits from keeping the office over the remainder of the lease term. The Group has separately identified these costs because it is not in the normal course of business activities. These costs are included with 'Property and Operating Rental Expenses' in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Restructuring costs incurred in Sigma Systems
Included in Sigma’s results for June are $72,000 of restructuring costs related to certain redundancy payments post-acquisition. These costs are included with 'Employee Benefit Expenses' in the Group’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Table:
 |  | 2019 | 2018
 | Note | $’000 | $’000
Decrease to profit before tax |  |  | 
Transaction costs related to the acquisition of Sigma Systems (2018: acquisition of Enoro) | 24 | (2,063) | (677)
Onerous lease provision | 14 | (659) | -
Restructuring costs incurred in Sigma Systems |  | (72) | -
Total separately disclosed items |  | (2,794) | (677)


Question: What was the average transaction costs related to the acquisitions for both years?
Answer: 1370
Calculation: (2,063 + 677) / 2
The following table reconciles total segment adjusted EBITDA to net (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
We do not have any single customer that provides more than 10% of our consolidated total operating revenue.
The assets we hold outside of the U.S. represent less than 10% of our total assets. Revenue from sources outside of the U.S. is responsible for less than 10% of our total operating revenue.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
 |  | (Dollars in millions) | 
Total segment adjusted EBITDA | $15,987 | 16,647 | 12,560
Depreciation and amortization | (4,829) | (5,120) | (3,936)
Goodwill impairment | (6,506) | (2,726) | —
Other operating expenses | (7,216) | (8,045) | (6,504)
Share-based compensation | (162) | (186) | (111)
Operating (loss) income | (2,726) | 570 | 2,009
Total other expense, net | (2,040) | (2,133) | (1,469)
(Loss) income before income taxes | (4,766) | (1,563) | 540
Income tax expense (benefit) | 503 | 170 | (849)
Net (loss) income | $(5,269) | (1,733) | 1,389


Question: What is the sum of income tax expense (benefit) in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 673
Calculation: 503+170
Net finance cost was £47.2m for the year; a decrease of £1.2m on 2017/18. Net regular interest in the year was £40.5m, a decrease of £3.9m compared to the prior year. Consistent with recent years, the largest component of finance costs in the year was interest due to holders of the Group’s senior secured notes, which was £31.7m.
The interest on the senior secured notes was £0.5m lower compared to the prior year following the re-financing of the June 2021 £325m fixed rate notes at a coupon of 6.5% to the October 2023 £300m fixed rate notes to the slightly lower coupon of 6.25%. Bank debt interest of £5.1m was £2.1m lower in the year due to lower levels of average debt and a lower margin on the revolving credit facility following the refinancing completed in May 2018. Amortisation of debt issuance costs was £3.7m, £1.3m lower than the prior year due to lower transaction costs associated with the issue of the £300m 6.25% Fixed rate notes compared with the retired £325m 6.5% Fixed rate notes.
Write-off of financing costs and early redemption fees of £11.3m include a £5.7m fee related to the write-off of transaction costs associated with the senior secured fixed rate notes due March 2021, which were repaid during the year, and a £5.6m redemption fee associated with the early call of the March 2021 bond.
In the prior year, a £0.4m discount unwind credit relating to long-term property provisions held by the Group due to an increase in gilt yields was reflected in reported Net finance cost. In 2018/19, a discount unwind charge of £3.0m was included in the Net finance cost of £47.2m. Other interest income of £7.6m in the year relates to monies received from the Group’s associate Hovis Holdings Limited ('Hovis') and reflects the reversal of a previous impairment.
Table:
£m | 2018/19 | 2017/18 | Change
Senior secured notes interest | 31.7 | 32.2 | 0.5
Bank debt interest | 5.1 | 7.2 | 2.1
 | 36.8 | 39.4 | 2.6
Amortisation of debt issuance costs | 3.7 | 5.0 | 1.3
Net regular interest5 | 40.5 | 44.4 | 3.9
Fair value movements on interest rate financial instruments | – | (0.4) | (0.4)
Write-off of financing costs and early redemption fees | 11.3 | 4.0 | (7.3)
Discount unwind | 3.0 | (0.4) | (3.4)
Other finance income | (7.6) | – | 7.6
Other interest cost | – | 0.8 | 0.8
Net finance cost | 47.2 | 48.4 | 1.2


Question: What is the average Bank debt interest, for the year 2018/19 to 2017/18?
Answer: 6.15
Calculation: (5.1+7.2) / 2
Interest and Other Income (Expense)
Interest and other income (expense), net changed by $3.3 million from a net expense of $13.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2018 to a net expense of $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The change in interest and other income (expense), net was primarily due to a decrease in interest expense pertaining to a lower average balance of debt outstanding under our term loan facility during the year.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | % Change
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019
 |  | (dollars in thousands) | 
Interest and other income (expense), net | $(10,427) | $(13,755) | (24)%
% of net revenue | (3)% | (4)% | 


Question: What is the average % of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 2018?
Answer: 3.5
Calculation: (3+4) / 2
Overview of 2019
Total revenues for 2019 were $36.0 million, a decrease of $75.0 million, or 68%, versus 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by the $70.9 million decrease in fixed fee license revenue and the $4.0 million decrease in per-unit royalty revenue.
For 2019, we had a net loss of $20.0 million as compared to $54.3 million of net income for 2018. The $74.4 million decrease in net income was mainly related to the $75.0 million decrease in total revenue partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in cost and operating expenses for 2019 compared to 2018.
We adopted ASC 606, effective January 1, 2018. Consistent with the modified retrospective transaction method, our results of operations for periods prior to the adoption of ASC 606 remain unchanged. As a result, the change in total revenues from 2018 to 2019 included a component of accounting policy change arising from the adoption of ASC 606.
The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of income data as a percentage of total revenues:
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Revenues:      |  |  | 
Fixed fee license revenue | 35.1 %  | 75.3 %  | 36.0 %
Per-unit royalty revenue | 64.0 | 24.3 | 61.4
Total royalty and license revenue | 99.1 | 99.6 | 97.4
Development, services, and other | 0.9 | 0.4 | 2.6
Total revenues | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0
Costs and expenses: |  |  | 
Cost of revenues | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6
Sales and marketing | 17.9 | 5.5 | 38.6
Research and development | 21.8 | 8.8 | 33.6
General and administrative | 119.4 | 37.7 | 152.4
Restructuring costs | — | — | 4.6
Total costs and expenses | 159.6 | 52.2 | 229.8
Operating income (loss) | (59.6) | 47.8 | (129.8)
Interest and other income | 5.0 | 1.7 | 1.0
Other expense | 0.2 | (0.2) | 0.9
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes | (54.4) | 49.3 | (127.9)
Provision for income taxes | (1.3) | (0.4) | (1.4)
Net income (loss) | (55.7)% | 48.9 % | (129.3)%


Question: What was the decrease in total revenues from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: $75.0 million
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Data:
* Adjusted IFRS balances to reflect the impact of the full retrospective adoption of IFRS 15. See Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for further details.
Table:
 |  |  | As of June 30, |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015
 |  | (U.S. $ in thousands) |  |  | 
 |  | *As Adjusted | *As Adjusted |  | 
Cash and cash equivalents | $1,268,441 | $1,410,339 | $244,420 | $259,709 | $187,094
Short-term investments | 445,046 | 323,134 | 305,499 | 483,405 | 30,251
Derivative assets | 215,233 | 99,995 | 3,252 | — | —
Working capital | (287,597) | 1,377,145 | 296,984 | 542,038 | 50,477
Total assets | 2,977,258 | 2,421,828 | 1,282,117 | 990,973 | 397,161
Deferred revenue | 468,820 | 342,871 | 245,195 | 181,068 | 136,565
Derivative liabilities | 855,079 | 207,970 | — | — | —
Exchangeable senior notes, net | 853,576 | 819,637 | — | — | —
Total liabilities | 2,411,791 | 1,514,508 | 379,424 | 259,310 | 207,107
Share capital | 24,199 | 23,531 | 22,726 | 21,620 | 18,461
Total equity | 565,467 | 907,320 | 902,693 | 731,663 | 190,054


Question: What do the adjusted IFRS balances reflect?
Answer: The impact of the full retrospective adoption of IFRS 15
as of 30 september 2016 and 2015 , there were no assets or liabilities classified as discontinued operations relating to the homecare business . 5 . business restructuring and cost reduction actions the charges we record for business restructuring and cost reduction actions have been excluded from segment operating income . cost reduction actions in fiscal year 2016 , we recognized an expense of $ 33.9 ( $ 24.0 after-tax , or $ .11 per share ) for severance and other benefits related to cost reduction actions which resulted in the elimination of approximately 700 positions . the expenses related primarily to the industrial gases 2013 americas and the industrial gases 2013 emea segments . the following table summarizes the carrying amount of the accrual for cost reduction actions at 30 september severance and other benefits .

Table:
 | severance and other benefits
2016 charge | $ 33.9
amount reflected in pension liability | -.9 ( .9 )
cash expenditures | -20.4 ( 20.4 )
currency translation adjustment | .3
30 september 2016 | $ 12.9
business realignment and reorganization on 18 september 2014 , we announced plans to reorganize the company , including realignment of our businesses in new reporting segments and other organizational changes , effective as of 1 october 2014 .
as a result of this reorganization , we incurred severance and other charges .
in fiscal year 2015 , we recognized an expense of $ 207.7 ( $ 153.2 after-tax , or $ .71 per share ) .
severance and other benefits totaled $ 151.9 and related to the elimination of approximately 2000 positions .
asset and associated contract actions totaled $ 55.8 and related primarily to a plant shutdown in the corporate and other segment and the exit of product lines within the industrial gases 2013 global and materials technologies segments .
the 2015 charges related to the segments as follows : $ 31.7 in industrial gases 2013 americas , $ 52.2 in industrial gases 2013 emea , $ 10.3 in industrial gases 2013 asia , $ 37.0 in industrial gases 2013 global , $ 27.6 in materials technologies , and $ 48.9 in corporate and other .
during the fourth quarter of 2014 , an expense of $ 12.7 ( $ 8.2 after-tax , or $ .04 per share ) was incurred relating to the elimination of approximately 50 positions .
the 2014 charge related to the segments as follows : $ 2.9 in industrial gases 2013 americas , $ 3.1 in industrial gases 2013 emea , $ 1.5 in industrial gases 2013 asia , $ 1.5 in industrial gases 2013 global , $ 1.6 in materials technologies , and $ 2.1 in corporate and other. .

Question: considering the years 2015-2016 , what was the decrease observed in the expense for severance and other benefits?
Answer: 83.67%
Calculation: subtract(33.9, 207.7), divide(#0, 207.7)
entergy arkansas , inc . management's financial discussion and analysis results of operations net income 2008 compared to 2007 net income decreased $ 92.0 million primarily due to higher other operation and maintenance expenses , higher depreciation and amortization expenses , and a higher effective income tax rate , partially offset by higher net revenue . the higher other operation and maintenance expenses resulted primarily from the write-off of approximately $ 70.8 million of costs as a result of the december 2008 arkansas court of appeals decision in entergy arkansas' base rate case . the base rate case is discussed in more detail in note 2 to the financial statements . 2007 compared to 2006 net income decreased $ 34.0 million primarily due to higher other operation and maintenance expenses , higher depreciation and amortization expenses , and a higher effective income tax rate . the decrease was partially offset by higher net revenue . net revenue 2008 compared to 2007 net revenue consists of operating revenues net of : 1 ) fuel , fuel-related expenses , and gas purchased for resale , 2 ) purchased power expenses , and 3 ) other regulatory credits . following is an analysis of the change in net revenue comparing 2008 to 2007 . amount ( in millions ) .

Table:
 | amount ( in millions )
2007 net revenue | $ 1110.6
rider revenue | 13.6
purchased power capacity | 4.8
volume/weather | -14.6 ( 14.6 )
other | 3.5
2008 net revenue | $ 1117.9
the rider revenue variance is primarily due to an energy efficiency rider which became effective in november 2007 .
the establishment of the rider results in an increase in rider revenue and a corresponding increase in other operation and maintenance expense with no effect on net income .
also contributing to the variance was an increase in franchise tax rider revenue as a result of higher retail revenues .
the corresponding increase is in taxes other than income taxes , resulting in no effect on net income .
the purchased power capacity variance is primarily due to lower reserve equalization expenses .
the volume/weather variance is primarily due to the effect of less favorable weather on residential and commercial sales during the billed and unbilled sales periods compared to 2007 and a 2.9% ( 2.9 % ) volume decrease in industrial sales , primarily in the wood industry and the small customer class .
billed electricity usage decreased 333 gwh in all sectors .
see "critical accounting estimates" below and note 1 to the financial statements for further discussion of the accounting for unbilled revenues. .

Question: what percent of the net change in revenue between 2007 and 2008 was due to rider revenue?
Answer: 186%
Calculation: subtract(1110.6, 1117.9), divide(13.6, #0)
Financial Results and Key Performance Metrics Overview
The following table provides an overview of some of our key financial metrics for each of the last three fiscal years (in millions, except per share amounts, percentages and cash conversion cycle):
• Net revenues: Our net revenues increased 4% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. This was primarily due to an increase of 7% in product revenues, partially offset by a 3% decrease in software and hardware maintenance and other services revenues.
• Gross profit margin percentage: Our gross profit margin as a percentage of net revenues increased by one percentage point in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting an increase in gross profit margin on product revenues, and, to a lesser extent, an increase in gross profit margin on hardware maintenance and other services revenues.
• Income from operations as a percentage of net revenues: Our income from operations as a percentage of net revenues remained relatively flat in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018.
• Provision for income taxes: Our provision for income taxes decreased significantly in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 as significant charges were recorded in fiscal 2018 in connection with U.S. tax reform.
• Net income and Diluted income per share: The increase in both net income and diluted net income per share in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 reflect the factors discussed above. Diluted net income per share was favorably impacted by a 6% decrease in the annual weighted average number of dilutive shares, primarily due to share repurchases.
• Operating cash flows: Operating cash flows decreased by 9% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, reflecting changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by higher net income.
Table:
 |  |  | Year Ended
 | April 26, 2019 | April 27, 2018 | April 28, 2017
Net revenues | $ 6,146 | $ 5,919 | $ 5,491
Gross profit | $ 3,945 | $ 3,709 | $ 3,364
Gross profit margin percentage | 64 % | 63% | 61 %
Income from operations | $ 1,221 | $ 1,158 | $ 621
Income from operations as a percentage of net revenues | 20% | 20% | 11 %
Provision for income taxes | $ 99 | $ 1,083 | $ 140
Net income | $ 1,169 | $ 116 | $ 481
Diluted net income per share | $ 4.51 | $ 0.42 | $ 1.71
Operating cash flows | $ 1,341 | $ 1,478 | $ 986


Question: What was the change in operating cash flows between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -137
Calculation: 1,341-1,478
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):
Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $5.0 million, $6.4 million and $7.1 million for the years
ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively
Table:
 | Useful life (in years) | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018
Equipment | 1-3 | $22,702 | $49,804
Software | 1-3 | 726 | 4,088
Furniture and fixtures | 1-3 | 459 | 967
Leasehold improvements | 2-8 | 5,440 | 3,832
Construction in progress |  | -- | 160
Property and equipment, gross |  | 29,327 | 58,581
Less: accumulated depreciation |  | (21,671) | (51,589)
Property and equipment, net |  | $7,656 | $7,262


Question: What is the depreciation expense on property and equipment as at December 31, 2018?
Answer: $6.4
Transactions with Dell
VMware and Dell engaged in the following ongoing related party transactions, which resulted in revenue and receipts, and unearned revenue for VMware:
• Pursuant to OEM and reseller arrangements, Dell integrates or bundles VMware’s products and services with Dell’s products and sells them to end users. Dell also acts as a distributor, purchasing VMware’s standalone products and services for resale to end-user customers through VMwareauthorized resellers. Revenue under these arrangements is presented net of related marketing development funds and rebates paid to Dell. In addition, VMware provides professional services to end users based upon contractual agreements with Dell. • Dell purchases products and services from VMware for its internal use. • From time to time, VMware and Dell enter into agreements to collaborate on technology projects, and Dell pays VMware for services or reimburses VMware for costs incurred by VMware, in connection with such projects.
Dell purchases VMware products and services directly from VMware, as well as through VMware’s channel partners. Information about VMware’s
revenue and receipts, and unearned revenue from such arrangements, for the periods presented consisted of the following (table in millions):
Customer deposits resulting from transactions with Dell were $194 million and $85 million as of January 31, 2020 and February 1, 2019, respectively
Table:
 |  | Revenue and Receipts |  | Unearned Revenue | 
 |  | For the Year Ended |  | As of | 
 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019 | February 2, 2018 | January 31, 2020 | February 1, 2019
Reseller revenue | $3,288 | $2,355 | $1,464 | $3,787 | $2,554
Internal-use revenue | 82 | 41 | 46 | 57 | 29
Collaborative technology project receipts | 10 | 4 | — | n/a | n/a


Question: What was the change in reseller revenue between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 891
Calculation: 2,355-1,464
Contractual Obligations
Presented below is information about our material contractual obligations and the periods in which those future payments are due as of December 31, 2019. Future events could cause actual payments to differ from these estimates. As of December 31, 2019, the following table summarizes our contractual obligations and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in thousands):
(1) The 2017 Facility incurs interest at a variable rate. The projected variable interest payments assume no change in the Eurodollar Base Rate, or LIBOR, from December 31, 2019.
(2) Represents the current portion of our expected cash payments for our liability to repurchase subsidiary unit awards for our professional residential property management and vacation rental management subsidiary.
(3) Represents amounts due under multi-year, non-cancelable contracts with third-party vendors, as well as other commitments.
The commitment amounts in the table above are associated with contracts that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts. The table does not include obligations under agreements that we can cancel without a significant penalty.
As of December 31, 2019, we had no outstanding letters of credit under our 2017 Facility.
Table:
Contractual Obligations | 1 Year | 2 to 3 Years | 4 to 5 Years | More Than 5 Years | Total
Debt: |  |  |  |  | 
Principal payments | $— | $63,000 | $— | $— | $63,000
Interest payments1 | 2,206 | 3,876 | — | — | 6,082
Unused line fee payments | 126 | 222 | — | — | 348
Operating lease commitments | 9,818 | 18,823 | 15,840 | 10,893 | 55,374
Subsidiary unit award liabilities2 | 141 | — | — | — | 141
Other long-term liabilities | — | 4,375 | 2,513 | 601 | 7,489
Other commitments 3 | 624 | 290 | — | — | 914
Total contractual obligations | $12,915 | $90,586 | $18,353 | $11,494 | $133,348


Question: What was the change in total contractual obligations between 1 Year and 2 to 3 Year periods?
Answer: 77671
Calculation: 90,586-12,915