hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
packaging corporation of america notes to consolidated financial statements ( continued ) december 31 , 2005 9 . shareholders 2019 equity ( continued ) stockholder received proceeds , net of the underwriting discount , of $ 20.69 per share . the company did not sell any shares in , or receive any proceeds from , the secondary offering . concurrent with the closing of the secondary offering on december 21 , 2005 , the company entered into a common stock repurchase agreement with pca holdings llc . pursuant to the repurchase agreement , the company purchased 4500000 shares of common stock directly from pca holdings llc at the initial price to the public net of the underwriting discount or $ 20.69 per share , the same net price per share received by pca holdings llc in the secondary offering . these shares were retired on december 21 , 2005 . 10 . commitments and contingencies capital commitments the company had authorized capital expenditures of approximately $ 33.1 million and $ 55.2 million as of december 31 , 2005 and 2004 , respectively , in connection with the expansion and replacement of existing facilities and equipment . operating leases pca leases space for certain of its facilities and cutting rights to approximately 108000 acres of timberland under long-term leases . the company also leases equipment , primarily vehicles and rolling stock , and other assets under long-term leases of a duration generally of three years . the minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases with lease terms in excess of one year are as follows : ( in thousands ) .

Table:
2006 | $ 24569
2007 | 21086
2008 | 14716
2009 | 9801
2010 | 6670
thereafter | 37130
total | $ 113972
capital lease obligations were not significant to the accompanying financial statements .
total lease expense , including base rent on all leases and executory costs , such as insurance , taxes , and maintenance , for the years ended december 31 , 2005 , 2004 and 2003 was $ 35.8 million , $ 33.0 million and $ 31.6 million , respectively .
these costs are included in cost of goods sold and selling and administrative expenses. .

Question: what was the percentage change in total lease expense , including base rent on all leases and executory costs , such as insurance , taxes , and maintenance from 2004 to 2005?
Answer: 8%
Calculation: subtract(35.8, 33.0), divide(#0, 33.0)
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable consists primarily of amounts due to the Company from normal business activities. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that result from the inability of our customers to make required payments.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained based on customer payment levels, historical experience and management’s views on trends in the overall receivable agings. In addition, for larger accounts, we perform analyses of risks on a customer-specific basis. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and management believes that an adequate allowance for doubtful accounts has been provided.
Uncollectible accounts are removed from accounts receivable and are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful. The following table summarizes the activity in allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Table:
 |  | Year Ended December 31, | 
(In thousands) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Balance at beginning of year | $4,421 | $6,667 | $2,813
Provision charged to expense | 9,347 | 8,793 | 7,072
Write-offs, less recoveries | (9,219) | (11,039) | (6,516)
Acquired allowance for doubtful accounts | — | — | 3,298
Balance at end of year | $4,549 | $4,421 | $6,667


Question: What was the average provision charged to expense for 2017-2019?
Answer: 8404
Calculation: (9,347 + 8,793 + 7,072) / 3
Restricted Cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amounts reported on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, restricted cash included a security deposit that is set aside in a bank account and cannot be withdrawn by the Company under the terms of a lease agreement. The restriction will end upon the expiration of the lease.
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Cash and cash equivalents | $172,960 | $172,704
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets | 116 | 114
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $173,076 | $172,818


Question: What is the amount spent on cash and cash equivalents in 2019 and 2018 respectively?
Answer: 172,960, 172,704
Charges made to the consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of comprehensive income (‘SOCI’) on the basis of the assumptions stated above are:
Note: 1 Following a High Court judgement on 21 October 2018 which concluded that defined benefit schemes should equalise pension benefits for men and women in relation to guaranteed minimum pension (‘GMP’) benefits the Group has recorded a pre-tax past service cost of €16 million (£14 million) in the year ended 31 March 2019.
Table:
 | 2019 €m | 2018 €m | 2017 €m
Current service cost | 31 | 34 | 43
Past service costs1 | 16 | 2 | (27)
Net interest charge | 10 | 8 | 4
Total included within staff costs | 57 | 44 | 20
Actuarial losses recognised in the SOCI | 33 | 94 | 274


Question: How much is the 2019 current service cost?
Answer: 31
Realization of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax temporary differences are contingent upon future taxable earnings. The Company’s deferred tax assets were reviewed for expected utilization by assessing the available positive and negative factors surrounding their recoverability.
As of September 30, 2018, the Company’s remaining valuation allowance of approximately $105,000 related to state net operating loss carry forwards. During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company reversed approximately $58,000 of its valuation allowance. This consisted of decreasing the valuation allowance for the expiration and utilization of state net operating losses in 2019 of approximately $68,000 and increasing the valuation allowance by approximately $10,000 for future expected NOL utilization based on updated profitability estimates and changes to the loss utilization rules. The remaining valuation allowance balance as of September 30, 2019 of approximately $47,000 relates entirely to state net operating loss carry forwards we do not expect to utilize. The Company will continue to assess the assumptions used to determine the amount of our valuation allowance and may adjust the valuation allowance in future periods based on changes in assumptions of estimated future income and other factors. If the valuation allowance is reduced, we would record an income tax benefit in the period the valuation allowance is reduced. If the valuation allowance is increased, we would record additional income tax expense.
Significant components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows at:
Table:
 | September 30, 2019 | September 30, 2018
Deferred income tax assets (liabilities): |  | 
Intangibles | $(75,190) | $(70,467)
Property and equipment depreciation | (521,586) | (552,119)
Net operating loss carry forwards and credits | 377,505 | 464,274
Stock-based compensation | 114,118 | 151,558
Inventories | 350,197 | 400,111
Prepaid expenses | (63,252) | (60,806)
Accrued expenses and reserves | 371,414 | 250,787
Goodwill | (607,882) | (583,415)
Gross deferred tax liability | (54,676) | (77)
Valuation allowance | (47,014) | (104,858)
Net deferred tax liability | $(101,690) | $(104,935)


Question: What actions will the Company take when the valuation allowance is increased?
Answer: record additional income tax expense
9. Pensions continued
Defined benefit plans continued
iii) Amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows continued
The liability has the following duration and maturity:
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation (years) | 14 | 15
Maturity analysis of benefit payments (non-discounted amounts) $ million |  | 
Maturity ≤ 1 year | 10.8 | 10.4
Maturity > 1 ≤ 5 years | 45.6 | 43.2
Maturity > 5 ≤ 10 years | 61.7 | 119.0
Maturity > 10 ≤ 20 years | 114.3 | 103.0
Maturity > 20 ≤ 30 years | 81.7 | 68.0
Maturity > 30 years | 63.0 | 42.9


Question: In which year was the Weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation (years) larger?
Answer: 2018
Calculation: 15>14
GasLog Ltd. and its Subsidiaries
Notes to the consolidated financial statements (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019
(All amounts expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data)
Vessels under construction represent scheduled advance payments to the shipyards as well as certain capitalized expenditures. As of December 31, 2019, the Group has paid to the shipyard $197,637 for the vessels that are under construction and expects to pay the remaining installments as they come due upon each vessel’s keel laying, launching and delivery (Note 23(a)).
The vessels under construction costs as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 are comprised of:
Table:
 | As of  December 31, | 
 | 2018 | 2019
Progress shipyard installments | 152,075 | 197,637
Onsite supervision costs | 5,766 | 3,879
Critical spare parts, equipment and other vessel delivery expenses | 1,434 | 1,807
Total | 159,275 | 203,323


Question: In which years was the vessels under construction costs recorded for?
Answer: 2018, 2019
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $124.3 million, or 53.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, due to an increase of $114.4 million in employee-related costs ($45.1 million of which related to stock-based compensation and related payroll taxes), a $7.4 million increase in computer hardware and software costs, and a $2.5 million increase in professional services fees, all as a result of growth in our research and development employee base and expanded development programs.
Research and development expenses increased $94.7 million, or 69.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, due to an increase of $89.6 million in employee-related costs, an increase of $3.1 million in computer hardware and software costs, and a $2.0 million increase in professional services fees, all as a result of growth in our research and development employee base and expanded development programs.
Table:
 | Years ended December 31, |  |  | 2019 vs 2018 | 2018 vs 2017
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | % Change | % Change
 | (in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | 
Research and development | $ 355,015 | $ 230,674 | $ 135,997 | 53.9 % | 69.6 %
Percentage of total revenues | 22.5 % | 21.5 % | 20.2 % |  | 


Question: What is the average research and development expenses for 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 292844.5
Calculation: (355,015+230,674)/2
Global Financing Financial Position Key Metrics
(1) Includes deferred initial direct costs which are eliminated in
IBM’s consolidated results.
(2) Includes intercompany mark-up, priced on an arm’s-length basis, on products purchased from the company’s product divisions which is eliminated in IBM’s consolidated results.
(3) Entire amount eliminated for purposes of IBM’s consolidated results and therefore does not appear in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(4) These assets, along with all other financing assets in this table, are
leveraged at the value in the table using Global Financing debt.
At December 31, 2019, substantially all financing assets were IT-related assets, and approximately 62 percent of the total external portfolio was with investment-grade clients with no direct exposure to consumers, an increase of 7 points year to year. This investment-grade percentage is based on the credit ratings of the companies in the portfolio.
We have a long-standing practice of taking mitigation actions, in certain circumstances, to transfer credit risk to third parties, including credit insurance, financial guarantees, nonrecourse borrowings, transfers of receivables recorded as true sales in
accordance with accounting guidance or sales of equipment under operating lease. Adjusting for the mitigation actions, the investment-grade content would increase to 67 percent, a decrease of 3 points year to year.
Table:
($ in millions) |  | 
At December 31: | 2019 | 2018
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 1,697 | $ 1,833
Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases (1) | 6,224 | 6,924
Equipment under operating leases— external clients (2) | 238 | 444
Client loans | 12,884 | 12,802
Total client financing assets | 19,346 | 20,170
Commercial financing receivables | 3,820 | 11,838
Intercompany financing receivables (3) (4) | 3,870 | 4,873
Total assets | $29,568 | $41,320
Debt | 24,727 | 31,227
Total equity | $ 2,749 | $ 3,470


Question: What percent of the total external portfolio was with investment-grade clients with no direct exposure to consumers?
Answer: 62 percent
ACQUISITIONS OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
The acquisitions of property, plant and equipment as well as the capital intensity per operating segment are as follows:
(1) Fiscal 2018 was restated to comply with IFRS 15 and to reflect a change in accounting policy. For further details, please consult the "Accounting policies" section. (2) Fiscal 2019 actuals are translated at the average foreign exchange rate of the comparable period of fiscal 2018 which was 1.3100 USD/CDN.
Fiscal 2019 fourth-quarter acquisitions of property, plant and equipment decreased by 10.6% (11.2% in constant currency) mainly due to lower capital expenditures in the Canadian and American broadband services segments. Fiscal 2019 fourth-quarter capital intensity reached 24.9% compared to 28.7% for the same period of the prior year mainly as a result of lower capital capital expenditures combined with higher revenue.
Table:
Three months ended August 31, | 2019 | 2018 | Change | Change in constant currency(2)
(in thousands of dollars, except percentages) | $ | $ | % | %
Canadian broadband services | 79,132 | 89,405 | (11.5) | (11.7)
Capital intensity | 24.7% | 28.0% |  | 
American broadband services | 65,967 | 72,914 | (9.5) | (10.5)
Capital intensity | 25.0% | 29.6% |  | 
Consolidated | 145,099 | 162,319 | (10.6) | (11.2)
Capital intensity | 24.9% | 28.7% |  | 


Question: Why did the Fiscal 2019 fourth-quarter acquisitions of property, plant and equipment decreased?
Answer: lower capital expenditures in the Canadian and American broadband services segments.
Share Repurchase
On December 18, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized to remove the expiration date to the Company’s common stock share repurchase program and increase the authorized amount by $25.1 million increasing the authorization to repurchase shares up to a total of $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, a total of $50.0 million remained available for future share repurchases. We repurchased 1.7 million shares for $95.1 million and 0.4 million shares for $30.0 million in fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were no shares repurchased in fiscal 2019. CASH FLOWS
A summary of our cash provided by and used in operating, investing, and financing activities is as follows (in thousands):
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations | $47,899 | $151,427
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations | 493 | (156)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 48,392 | 151,271
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations | (393,847) | (113,592)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations | 338,840 | (97,134)
EFFECT OF CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON CASH | (1,496) | (1,030)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (8,111) | (60,485)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period | 354,552 | 415,037
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period | 346,441 | 354,552
Less cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations | — | 5,251
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS, end of period | $346,441 | $349,301


Question: What was the change in Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -103528
Calculation: $47,899-$151,427
* Recast to reflect segment changes.
The GTS gross profit margin increased 0.3 points year to year to 34.8 percent, due to the benefits of workforce actions and the continued scale out of our public cloud. We continued to take structural actions to improve our cost competitiveness and are accelerating the use of AI and automation in delivery operations, including leveraging Red Hat’s Ansible platform. Pre-tax income of $1,645 million decreased 7.6 percent, driven primarily by the decline in revenue and gross profit, and a higher level of workforce rebalancing charges in the current year. Pre-tax margin of 5.8 percent was essentially flat year to year, with the 2019 pre-tax margin reflecting benefits from structural and workforce actions.
Table:
($ in millions) |  |  | 
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018* | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/ Margin Change
Global Technology Services |  |  | 
External total gross profit | $9,515 | $10,035 | (5.2)%
External total gross profit margin | 34.8% | 34.4% | 0.3pts.
Pre-tax income | $1,645 | $ 1,781 | (7.6)%
Pre-tax margin | 5.8% | 5.9% | (0.2)pts.


Question: What was the increase / (decrease) in the Pre-tax margin from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -0.1
Calculation: 5.8% - 5.9%
NOTE 2. RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS
The Company leases many assets, including land, buildings, houses, motor vehicles, machinery and equipment. Leases typically run up to a period of 5 years, some with an option to renew the lease after the end of the non-cancelable period. Lease payments are renegotiated on a periodic basis; timing is depending on the region and type of lease. The Company has not entered into any sub-lease arrangements.
Right-of-use assets
Table:
 | Land and buildings | Motor vehicles | Other machinery and equipment | Total
Balance January 1, 2019 | 23,579 | 1,488 | 620 | 25,687
Additions | 6,475 | 1,588 | 16 | 8,079
Transfer from property, plant and equipment | 459 | – | – | 459
Modifications and reassessments | 75 | 31 | (24) | 82
Retirements | – | – | – | –
Depreciation for the year | (6,057) | (1,008) | (268) | (7,333)
Foreign currency translation effect | 518 | 43 | 12 | 573
Balance December 31, 2019 | 25,049 | 2,142 | 356 | 27,547


Question: What is the average depreciation for the year for the assets?
Answer: -2444.33
Calculation: -7,333/3
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased 15%, or $144.4 million, in 2019 compared to 2018, with gross margin increasing approximately 70 basis points to 14.7% of net sales. Our gross profit and gross profit as a percent of net sales by operating segment for 2019 and 2018 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
North America’s gross profit in 2019 increased 19% compared to 2018, and as a percentage of net sales, gross margin increased by approximately 80 basis points year over year. The year over year net increase in gross margin was primarily attributable to the following:
• A net increase in product margin, which includes partner funding and freight, of 30 basis points year over year. This increase was due primarily to improvements in hardware and software product margin partially as a result of improvements in core business margins on product net sales and also as a result of PCM.
• Services margin improvement year over year of 50 basis points was generated from increased vendor funding, cloud solution offerings and referral fees. In addition, there was a 21 basis point improvement in margins from Insight delivered services.
EMEA’s gross profit in 2019 increased 3% (increased 8% excluding the effects of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates), compared to 2018. As a percentage of net sales, gross margin increased by approximately 40 basis points year over year.
APAC’s gross profit in 2019 increased 1% (increased 6% excluding the effects of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates), compared to 2018, with gross margin increasing to 22.1% in 2019 from 21.2% in 2018. The improvement in gross margin for both EMEA and APAC in 2019 compared to 2018 was due primarily to changes in sales mix to higher margin products and services.
Table:
 | 2019 | % of Net
Sales | 2018 | % of Net Sales
NorthAmerica | $ 871,114 | 14.5% | $732,695 | 13.7%
EMEA | $227,083 | 14.9% | $221,467 | 14.5%
APAC | $39,901 | 22.1% | $39,556 | 21.2%
Consolidated | $1,138,098 | 14.7% | $993,718 | 14.0%


Question: What is the change in Net sales of North America between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 138419
Calculation: 871,114-732,695
Note 18: Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax at the end of June 30, 2019, as well as the activity during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, were as follows:
(1) Amount of after-tax gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income located in other expense, net.
(2) Amount of after-tax gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income located in revenue: $9.6 million gain; cost of goods sold: $5.0 million loss; selling, general, and administrative expenses: $1.7 million loss; and other income and expense: $0.1 million loss.
Tax related to other comprehensive income, and the components thereto, for the years ended June 30, 2019, June 24, 2018 and June 25, 2017 was not material.
Table:
 | Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment | Accumulated Unrealised Gains or Losses on Cash Flow Hedges | Accumulated Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss on Available-For- Sale Investments | Accumulated Unrealized Components of Defined Benefit Plans | Total
 |  |  | (inthousands) |  | 
Balance as of June 24, 2018 | $(32,722) | $(4,042) | $(1,190) | $(19,495) | $(57,449)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (9,470) | 2,860 | 3,535 | (1,153) | (4,228)
Losses (gains) reclassified from  accumulated other  comprehensive income (loss) to  net income | 2,822 | (2,749) | (199) | — | (126)
Effects of ASU 2018-02 adoption | — | (399) | — | (1,828) | (2,227)
Net current-period other  comprehensive income (loss) | (6,648) | (288) | 3,336 | (2,981) | (6,581)
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $(39,370) | $(4,330) | $2,146 | $(22,476) | $(64,030)


Question: What is the Amount of after-tax loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income located in selling, general, and administrative expenses?
Answer: $1.7 million loss
NET DEBT
The term net debt does not have any standardized meaning under IFRS. Therefore, it is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers.
We define net debt as debt due within one year plus long-term debt and 50% of preferred shares, less cash and cash equivalents, as shown in BCE’s consolidated statements of financial position. We include 50% of outstanding preferred shares in our net debt as it is consistent with the treatment by certain credit rating agencies.
We consider net debt to be an important indicator of the company’s financial leverage because it represents the amount of debt that is not covered by available cash and cash equivalents. We believe that certain investors and analysts use net debt to determine a company’s financial leverage.
Net debt has no directly comparable IFRS financial measure, but rather is calculated using several asset and liability categories from the statements of financial position, as shown in the following table.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Debt due within one year | 3,881 | 4,645
Long-term debt | 22,415 | 19,760
50% of outstanding preferred shares | 2,002 | 2,002
Cash and cash equivalents | (145) | (425)
Net debt | 28,153 | 25,982


Question: What is the Debt due within one year for 2019?
Answer: 3,881