hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Other financial assets and liabilities consists of derivatives, the Group’s holdings in listed and unlisted investments, and loans provided to related parties.
The Group’s investments in listed equity securities are designated as financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income. Investments are initially measured at fair value net of transaction costs and, in subsequent periods, are measured at fair value with any change recognised in other comprehensive income. Upon disposal, the cumulative gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income is transferred to retained earnings.
Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant influence but not control or joint control over the financial and operating policies. Investments in associates are initially recognised at cost including transaction costs and are accounted for using the equity method by including the Group’s share of profit or loss and other comprehensive income of associates in the carrying amount of the investment until the date on which significant influence ceases. Dividends received reduce the carrying amount of the investment in associates.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | $M | $M
Current |  | 
Derivatives | 45 | 53
Total current other financial assets | 45 | 53
Non‑current |  | 
Derivatives | 501 | 366
Listed equity securities | 91 | 96
Investments in associates | 59 | 57
Loans provided to related parties | 41 | 3
Total non‑current other financial assets | 692 | 522
Total other financial assets | 737 | 575
Current |  | 
Derivatives | 58 | 50
Total current other financial liabilities | 58 | 50
Non‑current |  | 
Derivatives | 24 | 61
Total non‑current other financial liabilities | 24 | 61
Total other financial liabilities | 82 | 111


Question: What are associates?
Answer: Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant influence but not control or joint control over the financial and operating policies.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
On April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09-Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) and all related amendments (“New Revenue Standard”) using the modified retrospective method. The Company has applied the new revenue standard to all contracts that were entered into after adoption and to all contracts that were open as of the initial date of adoption. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The adoption of the new standard impacts the Company's net sales on an ongoing basis depending on the relative amount of revenue sold through its distributors, the change in inventory held by its distributors, and the changes in price concessions granted to its distributors. Previously, the Company deferred revenue and cost of sales on shipments to distributors until the distributor sold the product to their end customer. As required by the new revenue standard, the Company no longer defers revenue and cost of sales, but rather, estimates the effects of returns and allowances provided to distributors and records revenue at the time of sale to the distributor. Sales to non-distributor customers, under both the previous and new revenue standards, are generally recognized upon the Company’s shipment of the product. The cumulative effect of the changes made to the consolidated April 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of the new revenue standard is summarized in the table of opening balance sheet adjustments below. In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on the consolidated income statement and balance sheet for the period ended March 31, 2019 was as follows (in millions):
The significant changes in the financial statements noted in the table above are primarily due to the transition from sellthrough revenue recognition to sell-in revenue recognition as required by the New Revenue Standard, which eliminated the balance of deferred income on shipments to distributors, significantly reduced accounts receivable, and significantly increased retained earnings. Prior to the acquisition of Microsemi, Microsemi already recognized revenue on a sell-in basis, so the impact of the adoption of the New Revenue Standard was primarily driven by Microchip's historical business excluding Microsemi.
Table:
 |  | For the year ended March 31, 2019 | 
Income Statement | As reported | Balances without adoption of New Revenue Standard | Effect of Change Higher / (Lower)
Net sales | $5,349.5 | $5,380.1 | $(30.6)
Cost of sales | $2,418.2 | $2,434.0 | $(15.8)
Gross profit | $2,931.3 | $2,946.1 | $(14.8)
Income before income taxes | $204.5 | $219.3 | $(14.8)
Income tax (benefit) provision | $(151.4) | $(149.0) | $(2.4)
Net income from continuing operations | $355.9 | $368.3 | $(12.4)


Question: What was the reported net sales?
Answer: 5,349.5
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):
As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, no property and equipment was pledged as collateral. Depreciation expense, excluding the amortization of software development costs, was $9.7 million, $7.7 million, and $6.6 million for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
The Company capitalizes software development costs for technology applications that the Company will offer solely as cloud-based subscriptions, which is primarily comprised of compensation for employees who are directly associated with the software development projects. The Company begins amortizing the capitalized software development costs once the technology applications are available for general release over the estimated lives of the applications, ranging from three to five years.
The Company recognized approximately $1.0 million and $0.4 million in amortization expense in cost of revenue - license and subscription on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations during the fiscal years ended July 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. There was no such amortization during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2017.
Table:
 | July 31, 2019  | July 31, 2018
Computer hardware | $17,799 | $20,614
Software | 6,741 | 4,664
Capitalized software development costs | 7,374 | 3,978
Equipment and machinery | 10,455 | 4,265
Furniture and fixtures | 8,137 | 4,217
Leasehold improvements | 48,191 | 10,751
    Total property and equipment | 98,697 | 48,489
Less accumulated depreciation | (32,888) | (29,894)
    Property and equipment, net  | $65,809 | $18,595


Question: What was the Depreciation expense, excluding the amortization of software development costs in 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively?
Answer: $9.7 million, $7.7 million, $6.6 million
This section presents the Group’s contractual obligation to make a payment in the future in relation to purchases of property, plant and equipment, and lease commitments.
Capital expenditure and operating lease commitments of the Group at the reporting date are as follows:
The commitments set out above do not include contingent turnover rentals, which are charged on many retail premises leased by the Group. These rentals are calculated as a percentage of the turnover of the store occupying the premises, with the percentage and turnover threshold at which the additional rentals commence varying with each lease agreement.
The Group leases retail premises and warehousing facilities which are generally for periods up to 40 years. The operating lease commitments include leases for the Norwest office and distribution centres. Generally the lease agreements are for initial terms of between five and 25 years and most include multiple renewal options for additional five to 10-year terms. Under most leases, the Group is responsible for property taxes, insurance, maintenance, and expenses related to the leased properties. However, many of the more recent lease agreements have been negotiated on a gross or semi-gross basis, which eliminates or significantly reduces the Group’s exposure to operational charges associated with the properties.
From 1 July 2019, the Group adopted AASB 16 Leases and as a result the operating lease commitments set out above have been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, with the exception of the service component of lease payments. Refer to Note 1.2.6 for a reconciliation between the operating lease commitments at 30 June 2019 and the lease liabilities recognised at 1 July 2019.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
 | $M | $M
Capital expenditure commitments |  | 
Estimated capital expenditure under firm contracts, payable: |  | 
Not later than one year | 398 | 416
Later than one year, not later than two years | – | –
Later than two years, not later than five years | – | –
Total capital expenditure commitments | 398 | 416
Operating lease commitments |  | 
Future minimum rentals under non-cancellable operating leases, payable: |  | 
Not later than one year | 1,998 | 2,089
Later than one year, not later than five years | 7,415 | 7,484
Later than five years | 12,378 | 13,331
Total operating lease commitments | 21,791 | 22,904
Total commitments for expenditure | 22,189 | 23,320


Question: What establishments do the Group lease?
Answer: The Group leases retail premises and warehousing facilities which are generally for periods up to 40 years.
(C.5) Income Taxes
Judgments and Estimates
We are subject to changing tax laws in multiple jurisdictions within the countries in which we operate. Our ordinary business activities also include transactions where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain due to different interpretations of tax laws, such as those involving revenue sharing and cost reimbursement arrangements between SAP Group entities. In addition, the amount of income taxes we pay is generally subject to ongoing audits by domestic and foreign tax authorities. In determining our worldwide income tax provisions, judgment is involved in assessing whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments and whether to reflect the respective effect of uncertainty based on the most likely amount or the expected value. In applying these judgments, we consider the nature and the individual facts and circumstances of each uncertain tax treatment as well as the specifics of the respective jurisdiction, including applicable tax laws and our interpretation thereof.
The assessment whether a deferred tax asset is impaired requires judgment, as we need to estimate future taxable profits to determine whether the utilization of the deferred tax asset is probable. In evaluating our ability to utilize our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are recoverable. Our judgment regarding future taxable income is based on assumptions about future market conditions and future profits of SAP.
Judgment is also required in evaluating whether interest or penalties related to income taxes meet the definition of income taxes, and, if not, whether it is of financial nature. In this judgment, we particularly consider applicable local tax laws and interpretations on IFRS by national standard setters in the area of group financial reporting.
Tax Expense by Geographic Location
Table:
€ millions | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current tax expense |  |  | 
Germany | 625 | 733 | 935
Foreign | 1,153 | 1,019 | 716
Total current tax expense | 1,778 | 1,752 | 1,651
Deferred tax expense/income |  |  | 
Germany | –3 | 57 | –584
Foreign | –549 | –298 | –84
Total deferred tax income | –552 | –241 | –668
Total income tax expense | 1,226 | 1,511 | 983


Question: In which year was the current tax expense in Germany the largest?
Answer: 2017
Calculation: 935>733>625
Pre-tax income from international operations was $214 million, $890 million, and $353 million for fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
The components of income tax expense (benefit) recorded in continuing operations are as follows:
As of December 28, 2018, we have completed our accounting for the effects of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1) (the 2017 Tax Act) in accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, and the amounts are no longer considered provisional. We will continue to evaluate any new guidance from the U.S. Department of Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as issued.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended | 
(In millions) | March 29, 2019 | March 30, 2018 | March 31, 2017
Current: |  |  | 
Federal | $73 | $1,011 | $108
State | 15 | 40 | 6
International | 74 | 107 | 68
Total | 162 | 1,158 | 182
Deferred: |  |  | 
Federal | (52) | (1,664) | (177)
State | (2) | (151) | (17)
International | (16) | (33) | (14)
Total | (70) | (1,848) | (208)
Income tax expense (benefit) | $92 | $(690) | $(26)


Question: What is the Pre-tax income from international operations for fiscal 2018?
Answer: $890 million
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
During fiscal 2019 and 2018, the aggregate changes in our total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits are summarized as follows:
At September 30, 2019 and 2018, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $0.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively. During fiscal year 2020, it is reasonably possible that resolution of reviews by taxing authorities, both domestic and foreign, could be reached with respect to an immaterial amount of net unrecognized tax benefits depending on the timing of examinations or expiration of statutes of limitations, either because our tax positions are sustained or because we agree to the disallowance and pay the related income tax. We recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The amount of net interest and penalties recognized as a component of income tax expense during fiscal 2019 and 2018 were not material.
We are subject to ongoing audits from various taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which we do business. As of September 30, 2019, the fiscal years open under the statute of limitations in significant jurisdictions include 2016 through 2019 in the U.S. We believe we have adequately provided for uncertain tax issues we have not yet resolved with federal, state and foreign tax authorities. Although not more likely than not, the most adverse resolution of these issues could result in additional charges to earnings in future periods. Based upon a consideration of all relevant facts and circumstances, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of uncertain tax issues for all open tax periods will have a material adverse effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.
Cash amounts paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, were $28.7 million, $15.7 million and $1.6 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Table:
 |  | September 30,
 | 2019 | 2018
 |  | (in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year | $ 9,942 | $ 13,248
Additions (reductions) for tax positions taken in prior years | 8,458 | (80)
Recognition of benefits from expiration of statutes | (776) | (1,770)
Additions for tax positions related to the current year | 951 | 713
Reductions for tax positions related to acquisitions | — | (2,169)
Balance at end of year | $18,575 | $9,942


Question: What is the cash amount paid for income taxes, net of refunds received in 2019?
Answer: $28.7 million
6. Supplemental Financial Information
Cash and cash equivalents (in millions):
The following table presents cash and cash equivalents as reported in our consolidated balance sheets, as well as the sum of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as reported on our consolidated statement of cash flows in accordance with our adoption of the ASU discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.
Table:
 | April 26, 2019 | April 26, 2018
Cash | $ 2,216 | $ 2,727
Cash equivalents | 109 | 214
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 2,325 | $ 2,941
Short-term restricted cash | 5 | 5
Long-term restricted cash | 1 | 1
Restricted cash | $ 6 | $ 6
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ 2,331 | $ 2,947


Question: What was the percentage change in Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: -20.9
Calculation: (2,331-2,947)/2,947
The Company recognizes the employees and directors’ compensation in the profit or loss during the periods when earned for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The Board of Directors estimates the amount by taking into consideration the Articles of Incorporation, government regulations and industry averages.
If the Board of Directors resolves to distribute employee compensation
through stock, the number of stock distributed is calculated based on total employee compensation divided by the closing price of the day before the Board of Directors meeting. If the Board of Directors subsequently modifies the estimates significantly, the Company will recognize the change as an adjustment in the profit or loss in the subsequent period.
The distributions of employees and directors’ compensation for 2017 and 2018 were reported to the stockholders’ meeting on June 12, 2018 and June 12, 2019, respectively, while the distributions of employees and directors’ compensation for 2019 were approved through the Board of Directors meeting on February 26, 2020. The details of distribution are as follows:
The aforementioned employees and directors’ compensation for 2017 and 2018 reported during the stockholders’ meeting were consistent with the resolutions of the Board of Directors meeting held on March 7, 2018 and March 6, 2019, respectively.
Information relevant to the aforementioned employees and directors’ compensation can be obtained from the “Market Observation Post System” on the website of the TWSE.
Table:
 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019
 | NT$(In Thousands) | NT$(In Thousands) | NT$(In Thousands)
Employees’ compensation – Cash | $1,032,324 | $1,400,835 | $1,132,952
Directors’ compensation | 11,452 | 7,624 | 10,259


Question: Where can the Information relevant to the aforementioned employees and directors’ compensation be obtained?
Answer: “Market Observation Post System” on the website of the TWSE
AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT(Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed)
11. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
The changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s asset retirement obligations were as follows:
(1) Revisions in estimates include decreases to the liability of $6.7 million and $49.4 million related to foreign currency translation for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019, the estimated undiscounted future cash outlay for asset retirement obligations was $3.2 billion.
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018
Beginning balance as of January 1, | $1,210.0 | $1,175.3
Additions | 61.8 | 39.6
Accretion expense | 81.6 | 83.6
Revisions in estimates (1) | 56.8 | (81.5)
Settlements | (26.1) | (7.0)
Balance as of December 31, | $1,384.1 | $1,210.0


Question: What is the percentage change in settlements between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 272.86
Calculation: (-26.1-(-7.0))/-7.0
11. Taxation
The taxation charge for the year is lower than (2018: the same as) the effective rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2018: 19%). The differences are explained below:
Taxation on items taken directly to equity was a credit of £0.6m (2018: £0.1m) relating to tax on share-based payments.
The tax charge for the year is based on the standard rate of UK corporation tax for the period of 19% (2018: 19%). Deferred income taxes have been measured at the tax rate expected to be applicable at the date the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are realised. Management has performed an assessment, for all material deferred income tax assets and liabilities, to determine the period over which the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are forecast to be realised, which has resulted in an average deferred income tax rate of 17% being used to measure all deferred tax balances as at 31 March 2019 (2018: 17%).
Table:
 | 2019 | (Restated) 2018
 | £m | £m
Profit before taxation | 242.2 | 210.7
Tax on profit on ordinary activities at the standard UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2018: 19%) | 46.0 | 40.0
Expenses not deductible for taxation purposes | 0.3 | 0.8
Income not taxable | (1.7) | –
Adjustments in respect of foreign tax rates | (0.1) | (0.1)
Adjustments in respect of prior years | – | (1.1)
Total taxation charge | 44.5 | 39.6


Question: What was the Taxation on items taken directly to equity?
Answer: a credit of £0.6m (2018: £0.1m) relating to tax on share-based payments
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense decreased $13.0 million to $88.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, as compared to $101.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in intangible asset amortization of $8.9 million as certain assets reached the end of their useful lives, as well as decreases in payroll-related expense of $1.7 million due to lower headcount, professional fees of $1.3 million, outside services of $0.5 million, and travel-related expenses of $0.3 million.
We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to remain relatively flat in the near-term; however, our expenses may increase in the future as we expand our sales and marketing organization to enable market expansion.
Table:
 | Year Ended December 31, |  | % Change
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019
 |  | (dollars in thousands) | 
Selling, general and administrative | $88,762 | $101,789 | (13)%
% of net revenue | 28% | 26% | 


Question: What was the respective % of net revenue in 2019 and 2018?
Answer: 28%, 26%
12. Restructuring
In fiscal 2019, the Company initiated a restructuring plan to increase efficiency in its sales, marketing and distribution functions as well as reduce costs across all functional areas. During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred total restructuring charges of $14,765. These restructuring charges relate primarily to severance and related costs associated with headcount reductions and lease abandonment charges associated with two leases. These charges include $2,632 of stock- based compensation related to modifications of existing unvested awards granted to certain employees impacted by the restructuring plan.
The activity in the Company’s restructuring accruals for the year ended March 31, 2019 is summarized as follows:
As of March 31, 2019, the outstanding restructuring accruals primarily relate to future severance and lease payments.
(In thousands, except per share data)
Table:
 | Lease abandonment charges | Severance & payroll related charges | Total
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $— | $— | $—
Restructuring charges | 1,034 | 14,606 | 15,640
Payments | (540) | (12,642) | (13,182)
Accrual reversals | — | (875) | (875)
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $494 | $1,089 | $1,583


Question: How much more was the balance at march 31, 2019 for Severance & payroll related charges than lease abandonment charges?
Answer: 595
Calculation: 1,089-494
The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for the year ended December 31, 2018:
(1) Subscriber Solutions & Experience was formerly reported as Customer Devices. With the increasing focus on enhancing the customer experience for both our business and consumer broadband customers and the addition of SmartRG during the fourth quarter of 2018, Subscriber Solutions & Experience more accurately represents this revenue category.
Table:
(In thousands) | Network Solutions | Services & Support | Total
Access & Aggregation | $301,801 | $57,069 | $358,870
Subscriber Solutions & Experience (1) | 129,067 | 5,393 | 134,460
Traditional & Other Products | 27,364 | 8,583 | 35,947
Total | $458,232 | $71,045 | $529,277


Question: What was the total revenue from Network Solutions?
Answer: $458,232