segment includes awe and our share of earnings for our investment in ula , which provides expendable launch services to the u.s . government . space systems 2019 operating results included the following ( in millions ) : .

Table:
 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014
net sales | $ 9409 | $ 9105 | $ 9202
operating profit | 1289 | 1171 | 1187
operating margin | 13.7% ( 13.7 % ) | 12.9% ( 12.9 % ) | 12.9% ( 12.9 % )
backlog atyear-end | $ 18900 | $ 17400 | $ 20300
2016 compared to 2015 space systems 2019 net sales in 2016 increased $ 304 million , or 3% ( 3 % ) , compared to 2015 .
the increase was attributable to net sales of approximately $ 410 million from awe following the consolidation of this business in the third quarter of 2016 ; and approximately $ 150 million for commercial space transportation programs due to increased launch-related activities ; and approximately $ 70 million of higher net sales for various programs ( primarily fleet ballistic missiles ) due to increased volume .
these increases were partially offset by a decrease in net sales of approximately $ 340 million for government satellite programs due to decreased volume ( primarily sbirs and muos ) and the wind-down or completion of mission solutions programs .
space systems 2019 operating profit in 2016 increased $ 118 million , or 10% ( 10 % ) , compared to 2015 .
the increase was primarily attributable to a non-cash , pre-tax gain of approximately $ 127 million related to the consolidation of awe ; and approximately $ 80 million of increased equity earnings from joint ventures ( primarily ula ) .
these increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $ 105 million for government satellite programs due to lower risk retirements ( primarily sbirs , muos and mission solutions programs ) and decreased volume .
adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments , were approximately $ 185 million lower in 2016 compared to 2015 .
2015 compared to 2014 space systems 2019 net sales in 2015 decreased $ 97 million , or 1% ( 1 % ) , compared to 2014 .
the decrease was attributable to approximately $ 335 million lower net sales for government satellite programs due to decreased volume ( primarily aehf ) and the wind-down or completion of mission solutions programs ; and approximately $ 55 million for strategic missile and defense systems due to lower volume .
these decreases were partially offset by higher net sales of approximately $ 235 million for businesses acquired in 2014 ; and approximately $ 75 million for the orion program due to increased volume .
space systems 2019 operating profit in 2015 decreased $ 16 million , or 1% ( 1 % ) , compared to 2014 .
operating profit increased approximately $ 85 million for government satellite programs due primarily to increased risk retirements .
this increase was offset by lower operating profit of approximately $ 65 million for commercial satellite programs due to performance matters on certain programs ; and approximately $ 35 million due to decreased equity earnings in joint ventures .
adjustments not related to volume , including net profit booking rate adjustments and other matters , were approximately $ 105 million higher in 2015 compared to 2014 .
equity earnings total equity earnings recognized by space systems ( primarily ula ) represented approximately $ 325 million , $ 245 million and $ 280 million , or 25% ( 25 % ) , 21% ( 21 % ) and 24% ( 24 % ) of this business segment 2019s operating profit during 2016 , 2015 and backlog backlog increased in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to the addition of awe 2019s backlog .
backlog decreased in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to lower orders for government satellite programs and the orion program and higher sales on the orion program .
trends we expect space systems 2019 2017 net sales to decrease in the mid-single digit percentage range as compared to 2016 , driven by program lifecycles on government satellite programs , partially offset by the recognition of awe net sales for a full year in 2017 versus a partial year in 2016 following the consolidation of awe in the third quarter of 2016 .
operating profit .

Question: what is the growth rate for backlog at year-end from 2015 to 2016?
Answer: 8.6%
Calculation: subtract(18900, 17400), divide(#0, 17400)