hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Periodic Benefit Costs The aggregate net pension cost recognized in the consolidated statements of operations were costs of $6.5 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows (in millions):
Of the amounts presented above, income of $1.4 million has been included in cost of revenue and loss of $7.9 million included in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2019, and income of $2.1 million has been included in cost of revenue and loss of $6.7 million included in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Service cost—benefits earning during the period | $- | $-
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation | 5.3 | 5.3
Expected return on assets | (6.7) | (7.5)
Actuarial (gain) loss | 7.9 | 6.7
Foreign currency gain (loss) | - | 0.1
Net pension (benefit) cost | $ 6.5 | $ 4.6


Question: What was the average Interest cost on projected benefit obligation?
Answer: 5.3
Calculation: (5.3 + 5.3) / 2
ADVANCED ENERGY INDUSTRIES, INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (continued) (in thousands, except per share amounts)
The provision for income taxes from continuing operations is summarized as follows:
The Company’s effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, primarily due to the benefit of tax credits and earnings in foreign jurisdictions which are subject to lower tax rates, offset by additional GILTI tax in the US and withholding taxes.
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current: |  |  | 
Federal | $(9,627) | $1,423 | $26,550
State | 882 | 12 | 601
Foreign | 18,429 | 13,772 | 9,621
Total current provision | $9,684 | $15,207 | $36,772
Deferred: |  |  | 
Federal | $ 3,822 | $  4,021 | $ 28,297
State | (178) | 2,363 | (1,000)
Foreign | (2,629) | 3,636 | (1,979)
Total deferred provision | 1,015 | 10,020 | 25,318
Total provision for income taxes | $10,699 | $25,227 | $62,090


Question: Which periods does the company's effective tax rates differ from the U.S. federal statutory rate?
Answer: December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018
Deferred taxes arise because of differences in the book and tax bases of certain assets and liabilities. Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
At December 31, 2019, undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries indefinitely invested outside the U.S. amounted to approximately $3.8 billion. The majority of Verizon’s cash flow is generated from domestic operations and we are not dependent on foreign cash or earnings to meet our funding requirements, nor do we intend to repatriate these undistributed foreign earnings to fund U.S. operations.
Furthermore, a portion of these undistributed earnings represents amounts that legally must be kept in reserve in accordance with certain foreign jurisdictional requirements and are unavailable for distribution or repatriation. As a result, we have not provided U.S. deferred taxes on these undistributed earnings because we intend that they will remain indefinitely reinvested outside of the U.S. and therefore unavailable for use in funding U.S. operations. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred taxes related to these undistributed earnings is not practicable.
At December 31, 2019, we had net after-tax loss and credit carry forwards for income tax purposes of approximately $3.0 billion that primarily relate to state and foreign taxes. Of these net after-tax loss and credit carry forwards, approximately $2.0 billion will expire between 2020 and 2039 and approximately $1.0 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.
During 2019, the valuation allowance decreased approximately $481 million. The balance of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2019 and the 2019 activity is primarily related to state and foreign taxes.
Table:
 |  | (dollars in millions)
At December 31, | 2019 | 2018
Deferred Tax Assets |  | 
Employee benefits | $ 5,048 | $ 5,403
Tax loss and credit carry forwards | 3,012 | 3,576
Other – assets | 5,595 | 1,650
 | 13,655 | 10,629
Valuation allowances | (2,260) | (2,741)
Deferred tax assets | 11,395 | 7,888
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  | 
Spectrum and other intangible amortization | 22,388 | 21,976
Depreciation | 16,884 | 15,662
Other—liabilities | 6,742 | 3,976
Deferred tax liabilities | 46,014 | 41,614
Net deferred tax liability | $ 34,619 | $ 33,726


Question: What was the average tax loss and credit carry forward for 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 3294
Calculation: (3,012 + 3,576) / 2
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The weighted average estimated fair value, as defined by the amended authoritative guidance, of rights issued pursuant to the Company’s ESPP during 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $4.28, $5.18 and $6.02, respectively. Sales under the ESPP were 24,131 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $9.76 for 2019, 31,306 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $15.40 for 2018, and 38,449 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $12.04 for 2017.
As of December 29, 2019, 62,335 shares under the 2009 ESPP remained available for issuance. The Company recorded compensation expenses related to the ESPP of $60,000, $205,000 and $153,000 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The fair value of rights issued pursuant to the Company’s ESPP was estimated on the commencement date of each offering period using the following weighted average assumptions:
The methodologies for determining the above values were as follows:
• Expected term: The expected term represents the length of the purchase period contained in the ESPP.
• Risk-free interest rate: The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon the risk-free rate of a Treasury Constant Maturity bond with a maturity appropriate for the term of the purchase period.
• Volatility: The Company determines expected volatility based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock for the term of the purchase period.
• Dividend Yield: The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s intent not to issue a dividend under its dividend policy.
Table:
 | Fiscal Years |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Expected life (months) | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.1
Risk-free interest rate | 2.37% | 2.26% | 1.22%
Volatility | 54% | 50% | 53%


Question: What are the respective weighted average estimated fair value of the company's ESPP during 2018 and 2017?
Answer: $5.18, $6.02
Contributions and Direct Benefit Payments
It is the company’s general practice to fund amounts for pensions sufficient to meet the minimum requirements set forth in applicable employee benefits laws and local tax laws. From time to time, the company contributes additional amounts as it deems appropriate.
The following table presents the contributions made to the non-U.S. DB plans, non pension postretirement benefit plans, multi-employer plans, DC plans and direct payments for 2019 and 2018. The cash contributions to the multi-employer plans represent the annual cost included in the net periodic (income)/ cost recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement. The company’s participation in multi-employer plans has no material impact on the company’s financial statements.
In 2019 and 2018, $635 million and $598 million, respectively, was contributed in U.S. Treasury securities, which is considered a non-cash transaction (includes the Active Medical Trust).
Table:
($ in millions) |  | 
For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018
Non-U.S. DB plans | $  243 | $  325
Non pension postretirement benefit plans | 304 | 335
Multi-employer plans | 32 | 38
DC plans | 1,040 | 1,024
Direct benefit payments | 559 | 567
Total | $2,177 | $2,288


Question: What is the percentage increase / (decrease) in the Direct benefit payments from 2018 to 2019?
Answer: -1.41
Calculation: 559 / 567 - 1
Group and business unit performance factors
The underlying values and weightings for each KPI are set and approved by the remuneration committee in advance of each year to determine parameters for the STI in the form of a balanced scorecard. Below is the group STI scorecard for FY19 that applied to the CEO, CFO, executive directors, prescribed officers and other participants:
* The actual targets have not been provided as they are linked to budget and considered commercially sensitive information.
** For the key performance indicators within the growth and efficiency strategic objectives, the targeted percentages for “threshold”, “on-target” and
“stretch” as set out above per key performance indicator represent the targeted percentage achievement of the underlying budgeted amounts.
Table:
Strategic objective | Strategic objective weighting | Key performance indicator | Key performance indicator weighting | Score = 50% | Score = 100% | Score = 200%
Growth*,** | 60% | Sales volume growth | 10% | 40,0% | 100,0% | 140,0%
 |  | Absolute gross margin | 10% | 96,8% | 100,0% | 103,6%
 |  | PBIT | 40% | 98,6% | 100,0% | 103,6%
Efficiency*,** | 10% | Cost savings initiatives | 5% | 98,6% | 100,0% | 123,4%
 |  | Net working capital | 5% | 101,2% | 100,0% | 97,7%
 |  |  |  | Reduction in execution-related marketplace incidents year-on-year by |  | 
People and sustainability* | 30% | Quality | 10% | 10% | 15% | 20%
 |  | Safety (LTIFR) | 10% | 120,0% | 100,0% | 80,0%
 |  | BBBEE score | 10% | Level 7 (60 to 61) | Level 7 (61.1 to 65) | Level 6


Question: How much does net working capital account for in Efficiency? 
Answer: 50
Calculation: 5%/10%
Common Stock Reserved for Issuance
As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was authorized to issue 500,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and, of these, 82,140,883 and 80,611,698 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, respectively. Per the terms of the Company’s 2011 Stock Plan, on January first of each year, an additional number of shares equal to up to 5% of the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding on the preceding December 31st is added to the Company’s 2011 Stock Plan reserve.
As of July 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:
In March 2018, the Company completed a public offering of 2,628,571 shares of its common stock. The public offering price of the shares sold in the offering was $87.50 per share. No shares were sold by the Company’s stockholders in this public offering.
Table:
 | July 31, 2019  | July 31, 2018
Exercise of stock options to purchase common stock | 216,727 | 537,064
Vesting of restricted stock awards | 2,384,673 | 2,932,155
Shares available for grant under stock plans | 24,776,361 | 21,592,494
Total common stock reserved for issuance | 27,377,761 | 25,061,713


Question: What was the Vesting of restricted stock awards in 2019?
Answer: 2,384,673
Research and Development
The increase in research and development expenses in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation costs caused by increases in headcount, annual compensation and benefit adjustments and employee performance-based compensation, partially offset by a decrease in project material costs.
Table:
Fiscal Year Ended |  |  |  | 
 | December 28, 2019 | December 29, 2018 | $ Change | % Change
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | 
Research and development | $81,499 | $74,976 | $6,523 | 8.7 %
% of revenues | 13.8 % | 14.2 % |  | 
Fiscal Year Ended |  |  |  | 
 | December 29, 2018 | December 30, 2017 | $ Change | % Change
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  | 
Research and development | $74,976 | $73,807 | $1,169 | 1.6 %
% of revenues | 14.2 % | 13.5 % |  | 


Question: What is the average Research and development for the Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2018 to December 30, 2017?
Answer: 74391.5
Calculation: (74,976+73,807) / 2
Contractual Obligations
The following table presents the payments due by fiscal year for our outstanding contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
(1) Includes estimated cash interest to be paid over the remaining terms of the underlying debt. Interest payments are based on fixed and floating rates as of December 31, 2019.
(2) Purchase obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services, including open purchase orders and contracts with fixed volume commitments, that are noncancelable or cancelable with a significant penalty. Purchase obligations for our long-term supply agreements for the purchase of substrate glass and cover glass represent specified termination penalties, which are up to $430 million in the aggregate under the agreements. Our actual purchases under these supply agreements are expected to be approximately $2.4 billion of substrate glass and $500 million of cover glass.
(3) In connection with business or project acquisitions, we may agree to pay additional amounts to the selling parties upon achievement of certain milestones. See Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
(4) Transition tax obligations represent estimated payments for U.S. federal taxes associated with accumulated earnings and profits of our foreign corporate subsidiaries. See Note 18. “Income Taxes” to our consolidated financial statements for further information.
(5) Includes expected letter of credit fees and unused revolver fees.
We have excluded $72.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits from the amounts presented above as the timing of such obligations is uncertain.
Table:
 |  |  | Payments Due by Year |  | 
 |  | Less Than | 1 - 3 | 3 - 5 | More Than
 | Total | 1 Year | Years | Years | 5 Years
Long-term debt obligations | $482,892 | $17,684 | $98,571 | $37,496 | $329,141
Interest payments (1) . | 168,040 | 17,276 | 29,533 | 27,409 | 93,822
Operating lease obligations | 162,913 | 15,153 | 28,771 | 26,708 | 92,281
Purchase obligations (2) . | 1,424,267 | 900,200 | 221,888 | 187,277 | 114,902
Recycling obligations . | 137,761 | — | — | — | 137,761
Contingent consideration (3) . | 6,895 | 2,395 | 4,500 | — | —
Transition tax obligations (4) . | 76,667 | 6,620 | 14,747 | 32,259 | 23,041
Other obligations (5) . | 10,527 | 2,933 | 5,164 | 2,430 | —
Total . | $2,469,962 | $962,261 | $403,174 | $313,579 | $790,948


Question: What are included in other obligations?
Answer: Includes expected letter of credit fees and unused revolver fees.
Restructuring and Related Charges
Following is a summary of our restructuring and related charges:
(1) Includes $21.5 million, $16.3 million and $51.3 million recorded in the EMS segment, $2.6 million, $16.6 million and $82.4 million recorded in the DMS segment and $1.8 million, $4.0 million and $26.7 million of non-allocated charges for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Except for asset write-off costs, all restructuring and related charges are cash settled.
(2) Fiscal year ended August 31, 2017, includes expenses related to the 2017 and 2013 Restructuring Plans.
Table:
 |  | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, | 
(dollars in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017(2)
Employee severance and benefit costs | $16.0 | $16.3 | $56.8
Lease costs | — | 1.6 | 4.0
Asset write-off costs | (3.6) | 16.2 | 94.3
Other costs | 13.5 | 2.8 | 5.3
Total restructuring and related charges (1) | $25.9 | $36.9 | $160.4


Question: How much was of total restructuring and related charges was recorded in the EMS segment in 2019?
Answer: $21.5 million
Assets in the combined schemes increased by £177.1m to £5,040.7m in the period. RHM scheme assets increased by £149.1m to £4,333.6m while the Premier Foods’ schemes assets increased by £28.0m to £707.1m. The most significant movement by asset class is that of government bonds which increased by £444.0m in the year, predominantly in the RHM scheme.
Liabilities in the combined schemes increased by £121.0m in the year to £4,667.6m. The value of liabilities associated with the RHM scheme were £3,495.8m, an increase of £65.3m while liabilities in the Premier Foods schemes were £55.7m higher at £1,171.8m. The increase in the value of liabilities in both schemes is due to a lower discount rate assumption of 2.45% (31 March 2018: 2.70%) and an increase in the RPI inflation rate assumption; from 3.15% to 3.25%.
The Group’s Pension Trustees have just commenced the triennial actuarial valuation process of the Group’s pension schemes as at 31 March 2019 (RHM scheme) and 5 April 2019 (Premier Foods main scheme). This exercise typically takes a number of months to conclude; the output of which will be provided in due course.
The net present value of future deficit payments, to the end of the respective recovery periods remains at circa £300–320m.
Table:
Combined pensions schemes (£m) | 30 March 2019 | 31 March 2018
Assets |  | 
Equities | 179.5 | 296.5
Government bonds | 1,490.4 | 1,046.4
Corporate bonds | 26.9 | 20.7
Property | 436.5 | 391.0
Absolute return products | 1,141.2 | 1,323.3
Cash | 38.1 | 32.4
Infrastructure funds | 256.1 | 254.6
Swaps | 556.4 | 715.3
Private equity | 446.1 | 344.0
Other | 469.5 | 439.4
Total Assets | 5,040.7 | 4,863.6
Liabilities |  | 
Discount rate | 2.45% | 2.70%
Inflation rate (RPI/CPI) | 3.25%/2.15% | 3.15%/2.05%


Question: What was the increase in the liabilities in the combined schemes in 2019?
Answer: £121.0m
NantHealth, Inc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
(1) Cash and cash equivalents included restricted cash of $1,136, $1,136, and $350 at December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 included in other assets, respectively. Restricted cash consists of funds that are contractually restricted as to usage or withdrawal related to the Company's security deposits in the form of standby letters of credit for leased facilities. No amounts have been drawn upon the letters of credit as of December 31, 2019.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
Table:
Year Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  | 
Income taxes paid | $318 | $15
Interest paid | $5,909 | $5,885
Interest received | — | 13
Noncash investing and financing activities |  | 
Purchases of property and equipment (including internal use software) | 1,068 | 529
Assignment of NantHealth Labs (see Note 20) | — | 8,956


Question: What is the percentage change in the interest paid between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 0.41
Calculation: (5,909 - 5,885)/5,885
corporate/other corporate/other includes global staff functions ( includes finance , risk , human resources , legal and compliance ) and other corporate expense , global operations and technology ( o&t ) , residual corporate treasury and corporate items . at december 31 , 2009 , this segment had approximately $ 230 billion of assets , consisting primarily of the company 2019s liquidity portfolio , including $ 110 billion of cash and cash equivalents. .

Table:
in millions of dollars | 2009 | 2008 | 2007
net interest revenue | $ -1663 ( 1663 ) | $ -2680 ( 2680 ) | $ -2008 ( 2008 )
non-interest revenue | -8893 ( 8893 ) | 422 | -302 ( 302 )
total revenues net of interest expense | $ -10556 ( 10556 ) | $ -2258 ( 2258 ) | $ -2310 ( 2310 )
total operating expenses | $ 1420 | $ 510 | $ 1813
provisions for loan losses and for benefits and claims | -1 ( 1 ) | 1 | -3 ( 3 )
( loss ) from continuing operations before taxes | $ -11975 ( 11975 ) | $ -2769 ( 2769 ) | $ -4120 ( 4120 )
income taxes ( benefits ) | -4369 ( 4369 ) | -587 ( 587 ) | -1446 ( 1446 )
( loss ) from continuing operations | $ -7606 ( 7606 ) | $ -2182 ( 2182 ) | $ -2674 ( 2674 )
income ( loss ) from discontinued operations net of taxes | -445 ( 445 ) | 4002 | 708
net income ( loss ) before attribution of noncontrolling interests | $ -8051 ( 8051 ) | $ 1820 | $ -1966 ( 1966 )
net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 2014 | 2014 | 2
net income ( loss ) | $ -8051 ( 8051 ) | $ 1820 | $ -1968 ( 1968 )
2009 vs .
2008 revenues , net of interest expense declined , primarily due to the pretax loss on debt extinguishment related to the repayment of the $ 20 billion of tarp trust preferred securities and the pretax loss in connection with the exit from the loss-sharing agreement with the u.s .
government .
revenues also declined , due to the absence of the 2008 sale of citigroup global services limited recorded in o&t .
this was partially offset by a pretax gain related to the exchange offers , revenues and higher intersegment eliminations .
operating expenses increased , primarily due to intersegment eliminations and increases in compensation , partially offset by lower repositioning reserves .
2008 vs .
2007 revenues , net of interest expense increased primarily due to the gain in 2007 on the sale of certain corporate-owned assets and higher intersegment eliminations , partially offset by improved treasury hedging activities .
operating expenses declined , primarily due to lower restructuring charges in 2008 as well as reductions in incentive compensation and benefits expense. .

Question: what was the percentage change in total operating expenses between 2007 and 2008?
Answer: -72%
Calculation: subtract(510, 1813), divide(#0, 1813)