year ended december 31 , 2004 compared to year ended december 31 , 2003 the historical results of operations of pca for the years ended december 31 , 2004 and 2003 are set forth below : for the year ended december 31 , ( in millions ) 2004 2003 change .

Table:
( in millions ) | for the year ended december 31 , 2004 | for the year ended december 31 , 2003 | change
net sales | $ 1890.1 | $ 1735.5 | $ 154.6
income before interest and taxes | $ 140.5 | $ 96.9 | $ 43.6
interest expense net | -29.6 ( 29.6 ) | -121.8 ( 121.8 ) | 92.2
income ( loss ) before taxes | 110.9 | -24.9 ( 24.9 ) | 135.8
( provision ) benefit for income taxes | -42.2 ( 42.2 ) | 10.5 | -52.7 ( 52.7 )
net income ( loss ) | $ 68.7 | $ -14.4 ( 14.4 ) | $ 83.1
net sales net sales increased by $ 154.6 million , or 8.9% ( 8.9 % ) , for the year ended december 31 , 2004 from the year ended december 31 , 2003 .
net sales increased due to improved sales volumes and prices of corrugated products and containerboard compared to 2003 .
total corrugated products volume sold increased 6.6% ( 6.6 % ) to 29.9 billion square feet in 2004 compared to 28.1 billion square feet in 2003 .
on a comparable shipment-per-workday basis , corrugated products sales volume increased 7.0% ( 7.0 % ) in 2004 from 2003 .
excluding pca 2019s acquisition of acorn in february 2004 , corrugated products volume was 5.3% ( 5.3 % ) higher in 2004 than 2003 and up 5.8% ( 5.8 % ) compared to 2003 on a shipment-per-workday basis .
shipments-per-workday is calculated by dividing our total corrugated products volume during the year by the number of workdays within the year .
the larger percentage increase was due to the fact that 2004 had one less workday ( 251 days ) , those days not falling on a weekend or holiday , than 2003 ( 252 days ) .
containerboard sales volume to external domestic and export customers increased 6.8% ( 6.8 % ) to 475000 tons for the year ended december 31 , 2004 from 445000 tons in 2003 .
income before interest and taxes income before interest and taxes increased by $ 43.6 million , or 45.1% ( 45.1 % ) , for the year ended december 31 , 2004 compared to 2003 .
included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended december 31 , 2004 is income of $ 27.8 million , net of expenses , attributable to a dividend paid to pca by stv , the timberlands joint venture in which pca owns a 311 20443% ( 20443 % ) ownership interest .
included in income before interest and taxes for the year ended december 31 , 2003 is a $ 3.3 million charge for fees and expenses related to the company 2019s debt refinancing which was completed in july 2003 , and a fourth quarter charge of $ 16.0 million to settle certain benefits related matters with pactiv corporation dating back to april 12 , 1999 when pca became a stand-alone company , as described below .
during the fourth quarter of 2003 , pactiv notified pca that we owed pactiv additional amounts for hourly pension benefits and workers 2019 compensation liabilities dating back to april 12 , 1999 .
a settlement of $ 16.0 million was negotiated between pactiv and pca in december 2003 .
the full amount of the settlement was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2003 .
excluding these special items , operating income decreased $ 3.4 million in 2004 compared to 2003 .
the $ 3.4 million decrease in income before interest and taxes was primarily attributable to increased energy and transportation costs ( $ 19.2 million ) , higher recycled and wood fiber costs ( $ 16.7 million ) , increased salary expenses related to annual increases and new hires ( $ 5.7 million ) , and increased contractual hourly labor costs ( $ 5.6 million ) , which was partially offset by increased sales volume and sales prices ( $ 44.3 million ) . .

Question: what were operating expenses in 2003?
Answer: 1638.6
Calculation: subtract(1735.5, 96.9)