hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our foreign exchange forward contracts outstanding at fiscal year-end are summarized in U.S. dollar equivalents as follows (in millions):
At July 27, 2019 and July 28, 2018, we had no option contracts outstanding.
We conduct business globally in numerous currencies. The direct effect of foreign currency fluctuations on revenue has not been material because our revenue is primarily denominated in U.S. dollars. However, if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to other currencies, such strengthening could have an indirect effect on our revenue to the extent it raises the cost of our products to non-U.S. customers and thereby reduces demand. A weaker U.S. dollar could have the opposite effect. However, the precise indirect effect of currency fluctuations is difficult to measure or predict because our revenue is influenced by many factors in addition to the impact of such currency fluctuations
Approximately 70% of our operating expenses are U.S.-dollar denominated. In fiscal 2019, foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging, decreased our combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses by approximately $233 million, or 1.3%, as compared with fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2018, foreign currency fluctuations, net of hedging, increased our combined R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A expenses by approximately $93 million, or 0.5%, as compared with fiscal 2017. To reduce variability in operating expenses and service cost of sales caused by non-U.S.-dollar denominated operating expenses and costs, we may hedge certain forecasted foreign currency transactions with currency options and forward contracts. These hedging programs are not designed to provide foreign currency protection over long time horizons. In designing a specific hedging approach, we consider several factors, including offsetting exposures, significance of exposures, costs associated with entering into a particular hedge instrument, and potential effectiveness of the hedge. The gains and losses on foreign exchange contracts mitigate the effect of currency movements on our operating expenses and service cost of sales.
We also enter into foreign exchange forward and option contracts to reduce the short-term effects of foreign currency fluctuations on receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the entities. The market risks associated with these foreign currency receivables, investments, and payables relate primarily to variances from our forecasted foreign currency transactions and balances. We do not enter into foreign exchange forward or option contracts for speculative purposes
Table:
 | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 | 
 | Notional Amount | Fair Value | Notional Amount | Fair Value
Forward contracts: |  |  |  | 
Purchased | $2,239 | $14 | $1,850 | $(2)
Sold | $1,441 | $(14) | $845 | $2


Question: What was the change in the notional amount of purchased forward contracts between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 389
Calculation: 2,239-1,850
AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed)
10. OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Other non-current liabilities consisted of the following:
The reduction in Deferred rent liability is a result of the Company’s adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
Table:
 | As of | 
 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018
Deferred rent liability | $— | $506.7
Unearned revenue | 525.9 | 504.6
Other miscellaneous liabilities | 411.1 | 253.8
Other non-current liabilities | $937.0 | $1,265.1


Question: Why was there a reduction in the company's deferred rent liability?
Answer: the Company’s adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
NOTE 8. INVENTORIES
The changes in the allowance for obsolescence are as follows:
On December 31, 2019, our allowance for inventory obsolescence amounted to €12,527, which is 6.7% of total inventory. The major part of the allowance is related to components and raw materials. The additions for the years 2018 and 2019 mainly relate to inventory items which ceased to be used due to technological developments and design changes which resulted in obsolescence of certain parts.
The cost of inventories recognized as costs and included in cost of sales amounted to €510.2 million (2018: €365.8 million).
Table:
 | December 31, | 
 | 2018 | 2019
Balance at beginning of year | (12,749) | (13,364)
Charged to cost of sales | (2,958) | (4,748)
Reversals | 723 | 915
Utilization of the provision | 1,978 | 4,994
Foreign currency translation effect | (358) | (324)
Balance at end of year | (13,364) | (12,527)


Question: What does the table show?
Answer: changes in the allowance for obsolescence
NOTE 9 – CONTINGENT PURCHASE PRICE
Our purchase of CareSpeak Communications contains a contingent element that will be paid only if the Company achieves certain patient engagement revenues in 2019 and 2020. The total contingent payment may be up to $3.0 million. The target patient engagement revenues were achieved in 2019 and are expected to be achieved in 2020. The calculated fair value of the contingent payment was $2,365,000 at December 31, 2018 and $3,000,000 at December 31, 2019.
Our purchase of RMDY Health, Inc. also contains a contingent element that will be paid only if the Company achieves certain revenues in 2020 and 2021 related to the RMDY business. The total contingent payment may be up to $30.0 million. The minimum payment is $1.0 million in each of the two years. The calculated fair value of the contingent payment was $3,720,000 at December 31, 2019. We determined the fair value of the Contingent Purchase Price Payable at December 31, 2019 using a Geometric-Brownian motion analysis of the expected revenue and resulting earnout payment using inputs that include the spot price, a risk free rate of return of 1.4%, a term of 2 years, and volatility of 40%. Changes in the inputs could result in a different fair value measurement.
The total fair value of contingent purchase price payable at December 31, 2019 is as follows.
Table:
 | Current | Long-Term   | Total 
CareSpeak Communications, Inc.  | $1,500,000 | $1,500,000 | $3,000,000
RMDY Health, Inc.   | - | 3,720,000 | 3,720,000
Total  | $1,500,000 | $5,220,000 | $6,720,000


Question: What is the total current fair value of contingent purchase price payable on December 31, 2019?
Answer: $1,500,000
interest expense , net was $ 26.4 million , $ 14.6 million , and $ 5.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . interest expense includes the amortization of deferred financing costs , bank fees , capital and built-to-suit lease interest and interest expense under the credit and other long term debt facilities . amortization of deferred financing costs was $ 1.2 million , $ 0.8 million , and $ 0.6 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the company monitors the financial health and stability of its lenders under the credit and other long term debt facilities , however during any period of significant instability in the credit markets lenders could be negatively impacted in their ability to perform under these facilities . 6 . commitments and contingencies obligations under operating leases the company leases warehouse space , office facilities , space for its brand and factory house stores and certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases . the leases expire at various dates through 2033 , excluding extensions at the company 2019s option , and include provisions for rental adjustments . the table below includes executed lease agreements for brand and factory house stores that the company did not yet occupy as of december 31 , 2016 and does not include contingent rent the company may incur at its stores based on future sales above a specified minimum or payments made for maintenance , insurance and real estate taxes . the following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments for non-cancelable real property operating leases as of december 31 , 2016 as well as significant operating lease agreements entered into during the period after december 31 , 2016 through the date of this report : ( in thousands ) .

Table:
2017 | $ 114857
2018 | 127504
2019 | 136040
2020 | 133092
2021 | 122753
2022 and thereafter | 788180
total future minimum lease payments | $ 1422426
included in selling , general and administrative expense was rent expense of $ 109.0 million , $ 83.0 million and $ 59.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively , under non-cancelable operating lease agreements .
included in these amounts was contingent rent expense of $ 13.0 million , $ 11.0 million and $ 11.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively .
sports marketing and other commitments within the normal course of business , the company enters into contractual commitments in order to promote the company 2019s brand and products .
these commitments include sponsorship agreements with teams and athletes on the collegiate and professional levels , official supplier agreements , athletic event sponsorships and other marketing commitments .
the following is a schedule of the company 2019s future minimum payments under its sponsorship and other marketing agreements as of december 31 .

Question: what percentage change in rent expense from 2015 to 2016?
Answer: 31.3%
Calculation: subtract(109.0, 83.0), divide(#0, 83.0)
11. Reportable Segments, Geographic Information and Major Customers
Reportable segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in assessing performance and allocating resources. The Company uses an internal management reporting system, which provides important financial data to evaluate performance and allocate the Company’s resources on a regional basis. Net sales for the segments are attributed to the region in which the product is manufactured or the service is performed. The services provided, manufacturing processes used, class of customers serviced and order fulfillment processes used are similar and generally interchangeable across the segments. A segment’s performance is evaluated based upon its operating income (loss). A segment’s operating income (loss) includes its net sales less cost of sales and selling and administrative expenses, but excludes corporate and other expenses. Corporate and other expenses  fiscal 2019 and the $13.5 million one-time employee bonus paid to full-time, non-executive employees during fiscal 2018 due to the Company's ability to access overseas cash as a result of Tax Reform (the "one-time employee bonus"). These costs are not allocated to the segments, as management excludes such costs when assessing the performance of the segments. Inter-segment transactions are generally recorded at amounts that approximate arm’s length transactions. The accounting policies for the segments are the same as for the Company taken as a whole.
Information about the Company’s three reportable segments for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):
Table:
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Depreciation:       |  |  | 
AMER  | $22,531 | $21,224 | $19,694
APAC  | 16,905 | 15,954 | 15,588
EMEA  | 6,105 | 6,054 | 5,467
Corporate  | 5,344 | 4,863 | 4,581
 | 50,885 | 48,095 | 45,330
Capital expenditures: |  |  | 
AMER | $42,459 | $17,690 | $18,111
APAC | 33,454 | 33,018 | 13,816
EMEA | 5,186 | 7,923 | 5,748
Corporate | 9,501 | 4,149 | 863
 | $90,600 | $62,780 | $38,538


Question: What was the Corporate depreciation in 2019?
Answer: 5,344
Note 11: Income Taxes
The provision for income tax expense (benefit) is as follows (amounts in thousands):
(1) Fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 adjusted due to the adoption of ASC 606.
The Company realized a deferred tax expense (benefit) for fiscal years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017 of ($50.1) million, $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions based on changes in judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets in future years.
Table:
 |  | Fiscal Years Ended March 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Current: |  |  | 
Federal | $170 | $223 | $—
State and local | 161 | 50 | 62
Foreign | 9,966 | 8,295 | 4,247
Total current income tax expense from continuing operations | 10,297 | 8,568 | 4,309
Deferred: |  |  | 
Federal | (43,804) | (807) | (6)
State and local | (773) | (96) | (97)
Foreign (1) | (5,180) | 1,467 | 88
Deferred tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations (1) | (49,757) | 564 | (15)
Provision for income tax expense (benefit) (1) | $(39,460) | $9,132 | $4,294


Question: What was the percentage change in the deferred federal income tax expense between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 5328
Calculation: (-43,804-(-807))/-807
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
See Note 3 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of 2019 and 2018 acquisitions.
Results of Operations
Revenues increased $9.0 million, or 61%, in 2019 compared to the prior year, with overall growth supported by the acquisition of Golden Ridge in November 2018, and MGI Grain in April 2019. Food product revenues increased 97% year over year, primarily due to the addition of new products for human consumption from Golden Ridge and MGI Grain. Animal feed product revenues increased 10%. Animal feed product growth was primarily due to increased buying from our existing SRB customer base.
Gross profit percentage decreased 23.8 percentage points to negative 3.6% in 2019 from 20.2% in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit was primarily attributable to operating losses at Golden Ridge due to an unfavorable contract to sell medium grain rice entered into by the seller of the mill and low levels of plant utilization in the latter half of the year while the mill was going through a planned upgrade cycle. With this project completed in early January 2020, we expect to see improved productivity and a positive contribution margin from Golden Ridge in 2020.
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $13.7 million in 2019, compared to $11.2 million in 2018, an increase of $2.5 million, or 22.4%. Outside services increased $1.1 million in 2019, compared to the prior year, primarily as a result of higher outside accounting, legal and professional fees associated with the acquisition of Golden Ridge and MGI Grain. Salary, wages and benefit related expenses increased $1.1 million in 2019, compared to the prior year, driven substantially by equity grants and outside labor costs. Bad debt expense increased $0.2 million and rent expense increased $0.1 million in 2019, compared to the prior year.
Other, net was $0.9 million for 2019 compared to $0.2 million in 2018. This increase was primarily related to the settlement of a net working capital dispute and other issues with the seller of Golden Ridge.
Table:
 | Years Ended December 31 |  | Change
 | 2019 | 2018 | %
 | (in thousands) |  | 
Revenues | $23,713 | $14,762 | 60.6
Cost of goods sold | 24,574 | 11,780 | (108.6)
Gross profit (loss) | (861) | 2,982 | 
Gross profit % | -3.6% | 20.2% | 
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 13,696 | 11,194 | (22.4)
Loss from operations | (14,557) | (8,212) | (77.3)
Other income (expense): | (96) | (12) | 
Interest expense | 50 | - | 
Other, net | 868 | 168 | 
Total other (expense) income | 822 | 156 | 
Loss before income taxes | $(13,735) | $(8,056) | 


Question: What are the respective revenues from operations in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: $14,762, $23,713
NOTES PAYABLE (continued)
All of these notes payable issued by the Group were unsecured.
On 1 April 2019, the Company updated the Global Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”) to include, among other things, the Company’s recent corporate and financial information and increased the limit of aggregate principal amount of the notes under the Programme from USD10 billion to USD20 billion (or its equivalent in other currencies).
On 11 April 2019, the Company issued five tranches of senior notes under the Programme with an aggregate principal amount of USD6 billion as set out below.
During the year ended 31 December 2019, the notes payable with an aggregate principal amount of USD2,000 million issued in April 2014 reached their maturity and were repaid in full by the Group.
As at 31 December 2019, the fair value of the notes payable amounted to RMB98,668 million (31 December 2018: RMB62,820 million). The respective fair values are assessed based on the active market price of these notes on the reporting date or by making reference to similar instruments traded in the observable market.
Table:
 | Amount (USD’Million) | Interest Rate (per annum) | Due
2024 Notes | 1,250 | 3.280% | 2024
2024 Floating Rate Notes | 750 | 3-month USD LIBOR + 0.910% | 2024
2026 Notes | 500 | 3.575% | 2026
2029 Notes | 3,000 | 3.975% | 2029
2049 Notes | 500 | 4.525% | 2049
 | 6,000 |  | 


Question: How much is the aggregate principal amount of the five tranches of senior notes issued under the Programme on 11 April 2019?
Answer: USD6 billion
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
The increase in the gross deferred tax assets and valuation allowance between fiscal year 2019 and 2018 is primarily due to increases in tax carryforwards.
Realization of the Company’s net deferred tax assets is based upon the weighting of available evidence, including such factors as the recent earnings history and expected future taxable income. The Company believes it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will be realized with the exception of $227.0 million primarily related to California deferred tax assets. At June 30, 2019, the Company continued to record a valuation allowance to offset the entire California deferred tax asset balance due to the single sales factor apportionment resulting in lower taxable income in California.
At June 30, 2019, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of $109.8 million. The majority of these losses will begin to expire in fiscal year 2020, and are subject to limitation on their utilization.
At June 30, 2019, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $58.5 million. If not utilized, these losses will begin to expire in fiscal year 2020 and are subject to limitation on their utilization.
At June 30, 2019, the Company had state tax credit carryforwards of $322.4 million. Substantially all of these credits can be carried forward indefinitely.
Table:
 | June 30, 2019 | June 24, 2018
 | (in thousands) | 
Deferred tax assets: |  | 
Tax carry forwards | $231,390 | $206,073
Allowances and reserves | 97,671 | 118,559
Equity-based compensation | 14,661 | 16,189
Inventory valuation differences | 18,516 | 14,021
Prepaid cost sharing | 74,139 | 65,644
Outside basis differences of foreign subsidiaries | 16,260 | —
Other | 17,972 | 16,514
Gross deferred tax assets | 470,609 | 437,000
Valuation allowance | (226,928) | (199,839)
Net deferred tax assets | 243,681 | 237,161
Deferred tax liabilities: |  | 
Intangible assets | (9,883) | (21,558)
Convertible debt | (46,993) | (60,252)
Capita assets | (83,298) | (61,429)
Amortization of goodwill | (11,299) | (10,738)
Outside basis differences of foreign subsidiaries | — | (6,656)
Other | (8,752) | (7,955)
Gross deferred tax liabilities | (160,225) | (168,588)
Net deferred tax assets | $83,456 | $68,573


Question: What was the amount of federal net operating loss carryforwards at June 30, 2019?
Answer: $109.8 million
Interest Income and Interest Expense
Interest income is earned on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities. The increase in interest income in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was attributable to higher investment yields, related in part to longer duration investments, as well as higher average investment balances.
Interest expense primarily includes interest on our term loans, partially offset by income from our interest-rate swap derivative contracts, as well as term loan issuance costs amortization charges. The decrease in interest expense in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to lower outstanding debt balances related to the CMI acquisition as a result of principal payments made, partially offset by additional interest expense related to the term loan originated to finance the acquisition of FRT.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net primarily includes the effects of foreign currency impact and various other gains and losses.
Table:
 |  | Fiscal Year Ended | 
 | December 28, 2019 | December 29, 2018 | December 30, 2017
 |  | (Dollars in thousands) | 
Interest income | $2,714 | $1,356 | $548
Weighted average balance of cash and investments | $179,526 | $138,467 | $124,637
Weighted average yield on cash and investments   | 2.05 % | 1.51 % | 0.84 %
Interest expense | $1,915 | $3,314 | $4,491
Average debt outstanding | $56,776 | $90,086 | $127,598
Weighted average interest rate on debt | 4.09 % | 3.98 % | 3.07 %


Question: What is the change in Interest income from Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2019 to December 29, 2018?
Answer: 1358
Calculation: 2,714-1,356
Free Cash Flow
We monitor our free cash flow, as a key measure of our overall business performance, which enables us to analyze our financial performance without the effects of certain non-cash items such as depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expenses. Additionally, free cash flow takes into account the impact of changes in deferred revenue, which reflects the receipt of cash payment for products before they are recognized as revenue, and unbilled accounts receivable, which reflects revenue that has been recognized that has yet to be invoiced to our customers.
Our net cash provided by (used in) operating activities is significantly impacted by the timing of invoicing and collections of accounts receivable, the timing and amount of annual bonus payments, as well as payroll and tax payments. Our capital expenditures consisted of purchases of property and equipment, most of which were computer hardware, software, capitalized software development costs, and leasehold improvements.
In fiscal year 2019, free cash flow was impacted by $23.6 million related to the build out and furnishing of our new corporate headquarters in San Mateo, California. For a further discussion of our operating cash flows, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flows.”(in thousands)
Table:
 | Fiscal years ended July 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018
Net cash provided by operating activities | $116,126 | $140,459
Net cash used for capital expenditures | (48,857) | (12,011)
Free cash flow | $67,269 | $128,448


Question: What does free cash flow take into account?
Answer: the impact of changes in deferred revenue, which reflects the receipt of cash payment for products before they are recognized as revenue, and unbilled accounts receivable, which reflects revenue that has been recognized that has yet to be invoiced to our customers.
6. Supplemental Financial Information
Inventories (in millions):
Table:
 | April 26, 2019 | April 26,2018
Purchased components | $ 8 | $ 12
Finished goods | 123 | 110
Inventories | $ 131 | $ 122


Question: What was the amount of inventories in 2018?
Answer: 122