hellotayssir/FinQA_TAT-QA_financial_finetuning_dataset huggingface dataset:
Amortization of Intangible Assets: Substantially all of our intangible assets were acquired through our business combinations. We amortize our intangible assets over, and monitor the appropriateness of, the estimated useful lives of these assets. We also periodically review these intangible assets for potential impairment based upon relevant facts and circumstances. Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual report has additional information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.
Amortization of intangible assets increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to additional amortization from intangible assets, which primarily included developed technology that we acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions, partially offset by a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized.
Table:
Year Ended May 31, |  |  |  | 
 |  |  | Percent Change | 
(Dollars in millions) | 2019 | Actual | Constant | 2018
Developed technology | $857 | 13% | 14% | $758
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships | 712 | -3% | -3% | 731
Other | 120 | -9% | -9% | 131
Total amortization of intangible assets | $1,689 | 4% | 4% | $1,620


Question: What was the total amount amortized for the categories of cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships and other in 2018?
Answer: 862
Calculation: 731 + 131
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $71.5 million, or 66.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, due to an increase of $28.7 million in employee-related costs ($12.2 million of which related to stock-based compensation and related payroll taxes), a $14.9 million increase in finance costs, which include an estimated net liability for non-recurring HST payable to the Government of Canada in the amount of $8.1 million related to 2019 and prior years, sales and use and other value added taxes, insurance, and bank fees, a $9.0 million increase in Shopify Payments losses driven by increased GMV processed through Shopify Payments, a $8.6 million increase in losses and insurance related to Shopify Capital driven by an expansion of our Capital offerings and programs, a $6.9 million increase in professional services fees for legal and tax services, including those related to our international expansion and the growth of our business, a $1.8 million increase in computer and software costs, and a $1.6 million increase in general bad debt expense. General and administrative expenses increased $71.5 million, or 66.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, due to an increase of $28.7 million in employee-related costs ($12.2 million of which related to stock-based compensation and related payroll taxes), a $14.9 million increase in finance costs, which include an estimated net liability for non-recurring HST payable to the Government of Canada in the amount of $8.1 million related to 2019 and prior years, sales and use and other value added taxes, insurance, and bank fees, a $9.0 million increase in Shopify Payments losses driven by increased GMV processed through Shopify Payments, a $8.6 million increase in losses and insurance related to Shopify Capital driven by an expansion of our Capital offerings and programs, a $6.9 million increase in professional services fees for legal and tax services, including those related to our international expansion and the growth of our business, a $1.8 million increase in computer and software costs, and a $1.6 million increase in general bad debt expense.
General and administrative expenses increased $39.7 million, or 58.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, due to an increase of $30.3 million in employee-related costs, a $4.5 million increase in professional services fees for legal and tax services, a $4.0 million increase in finance costs, which includes insurance, sales and use and other value added taxes, and a $1.7 million increase in computer and software costs.
Table:
 | Years ended December 31, |  |  | 2019 vs 2018 | 2018 vs 2017
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | % Change | % Change
 | (in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | 
General and administrative | $ 178,934 | $ 107,444 | $ 67,719 | 66.5 % | 58.7 %
Percentage of total revenues | 11.3 % | 10.0 % | 10.1 % |  | 


Question: What is the change in the average general administrative expenses between 2017-2018, and 2018-2019?
Answer: 55607.5
Calculation: [(178,934+107,444)/2] - [(107,444+67,719)/2]
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial data presented for each of the five years ended December 31, 2019 is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data presented should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the notes to our consolidated financial statements and Item 7 “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
(1) On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective method at the beginning of the period of adoption, January 1, 2019, through the recognition of a lease obligation and corresponding right of use asset. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior periods amount were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 840, Leases.
(2) On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not substantially complete as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.
(3) The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted on December 22, 2017, reduces the U.S. corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. Due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, our income tax expense was reduced by $50.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from the re-measurement of our existing deferred tax assets and liabilities.
(4) Over the past five years, we completed 7 acquisitions. In aggregate, these acquisitions have added $343.6 million in goodwill. For additional information on our recent acquisitions, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8.
Table:
 |  |  | Year Ended December 31, |  | 
 | 2019 (1) | 2018 (2) | 2017 (3) | 2016 | 2015
 |  |  | (in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 
Statement of Income Data: |  |  |  |  | 
Revenues | $2,222,559 | $1,958,557 | $1,717,018 | $1,601,596 | $1,550,117
Operating income | $138,325 | $112,742 | $98,194 | $90,963 | $84,886
Net income | $113,890 | $82,097 | $114,141 | $56,391 | $51,127
Basic earnings per share (Class A and B) | $2.85 | $2.08 | $2.94 | $1.48 | $1.36
Diluted earnings per share (Class A and B) | $2.83 | $2.06 | $2.91 | $1.47 | $1.36
Dividend per share | $1.08 | $1.00 | $0.84 | $0.84 | $0.84
Balance Sheet Data: |  |  |  |  | 
Working capital | $154,753 | $196,652 | $138,879 | $229,659 | $189,276
Goodwill (4) | $1,191,259 | $1,085,806 | $1,084,560 | $955,874 | $919,591
Total assets | $2,107,914 | $1,803,871 | $1,744,475 | $1,598,464 | $1,506,424
Long-term debt | $36,500 | $7,500 | $31,000 | $— | $—


Question: How should the selected financial data be read in conjunction with?
Answer: our consolidated financial statements, the notes to our consolidated financial statements and Item 7 “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
part ii item 5 . market for registrant 2019s common equity , related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities our common stock is listed on the nasdaq global select market under the symbol adi . information regarding our equity compensation plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth in item 12 of this annual report on form 10-k . issuer purchases of equity securities the table below summarizes the activity related to stock repurchases for the three months ended november 2 , 2019 . period total number shares purchased ( 1 ) average price paid per share ( 2 ) total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs ( 3 ) approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs .

Table:
period | total number ofshares purchased ( 1 ) | average price paidper share ( 2 ) | total number of sharespurchased as part ofpublicly announcedplans or programs ( 3 ) | approximate dollarvalue of shares thatmay yet be purchasedunder the plans or programs
august 4 2019 through august 31 2019 | 199231 | $ 109.00 | 194849 | $ 2213017633
september 1 2019 through september 28 2019 | 342313 | $ 113.39 | 338534 | $ 2174639499
september 29 2019 through november 2 2019 | 1023202 | $ 109.32 | 949531 | $ 2070927831
total | 1564746 | $ 110.17 | 1482914 | $ 2070927831
_______________________________________ ( 1 ) includes 81832 shares withheld by us from employees to satisfy employee tax obligations upon vesting of restricted stock units/ awards granted to our employees under our equity compensation plans .
( 2 ) the average price paid for shares in connection with vesting of restricted stock units/awards are averages of the closing stock price at the vesting date which is used to calculate the number of shares to be withheld .
( 3 ) shares repurchased pursuant to the stock repurchase program publicly announced on august 12 , 2004 .
on august 21 , 2018 , the board of directors approved an increase to the current authorization for the stock repurchase program by an additional $ 2.0 billion to $ 8.2 billion in the aggregate .
under the repurchase program , we may repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock froff m time to time in the open market and through privately negotiated transactions .
unless terminated earlier by resolution of our board of directors , the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the repurchase program .
the number of holders of record of our common stock at november 22 , 2019 was 2059 .
this number does not include shareholders for whom shares are held in a 201cnominee 201d or 201cstreet 201d name .
on november 1 , 2019 , the last reported sales price of our common stock on the nasdaq global select market was $ 109.37 per share. .

Question: in 2018 , how much percent did the board of directors increase the share repurchase program .
Answer: 32.3%
Calculation: subtract(8.2, const_2), divide(const_2, #0)
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company allocates sales from external customers to geographic areas based on the location to which the product is transported. Sales outside the United States are principally to customers in countries in the Caribbean, Canada, Central and South America.
The following table presents our domestic and international sales for each of the last three fiscal years:
Long-lived assets: As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company had property, plant and equipment with a net book value of $1,406,546 and $412,755, respectively, located in Mexico.
Table:
 |  | Year Ended September 30, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
United States | $78,553,000 | $72,295,000 | $67,901,000
All Other Countries | 6,481,000 | 5,356,000 | 6,047,000
Total Net Sales | 85,034,000 | $77,651,000 | $73,948,000


Question: What is the net book value of property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2019?
Answer: $1,406,546
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash flows from operations provided a source of funds of $1,066 million, $1,058 million and $1,310 million during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. This increase was driven primarily by lower employee annual incentive payments, lower retailer investments and lower restructuring payments, partially offset by working capital timing and higher interest and tax payments during the year ended December 31, 2019.
We provide for additional liquidity through several sources, including maintaining an adequate cash balance, access to global funding sources and a committed revolving credit facility. The following table provides a summary of the major sources of liquidity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Of the $454 million in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2019, approximately $383 million was held in jurisdictions outside the U.S. We regularly review the amount of cash and cash equivalents held outside of the U.S. to determine the amounts necessary to fund the current operations of our foreign operations and their growth initiatives and amounts needed to service our U.S. indebtedness and related obligations.
Table:
(IN MILLIONS) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Net cash from operating activities | $1,066 | $1,058 | $1,310
Cash and short-term marketable securities | $454 | $524 | $656
Revolving credit facility | $850 | $850 | $575


Question: What caused the increase in cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2019?
Answer: lower employee annual incentive payments, lower retailer investments and lower restructuring payments, partially offset by working capital timing and higher interest and tax payments
Operating income in the fourth quarter grew on a sequential and year-over-year basis to $460 million compared to $336 million and $443 million in the prior and year-ago quarters, respectively.
Operating income
Table:
 |  | Three Months Ended | 
 | December 31, 2019 | September 29, 2019 | December 31, 2018
 |  | (Unaudited, in millions) | 
Operating income | $460 | $336 | $443
As percentage of net revenues | 16.7% | 13.1% | 16.8%


Question: How much did the operating income grew in December 2018 a sequential and year-over-year basis?
Answer: $443 million
Gross Profit
Gross profit in fiscal year 2019 increased to $444.8 million, or 18.7 percent of net sales from $382.3 million, or 17.7 percent of net sales for fiscal year 2018. Excluding the impact of the surcharge revenue, our gross margin in fiscal year 2019 was 22.9 percent compared to 21.3 percent in fiscal year 2018. The results reflect the impact of improved product mix coupled with capacity gains and operating cost reductions compared to the same period a year ago. Fiscal year 2019 also reflects an $11.4 million benefit related to an insurance recovery in our third fiscal quarter.
Our surcharge mechanism is structured to recover increases in raw material costs, although in certain cases with a lag effect as discussed above. While the surcharge generally protects the absolute gross profit dollars, it does have a dilutive effect on gross margin as a percent of sales. The following represents a summary of the dilutive impact of the surcharge on gross margin. We present and discuss these financial measures because management believes removing the impact of surcharge provides a more consistent and meaningful basis for comparing results of operations from period to period. See the section “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for further discussion of these financial measures.
Table:
 | Fiscal Year | 
($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018
Net sales | $2,380.2 | $2,157.7
Less: surcharge revenue | 438.1 | 365.4
Net sales excluding surcharge revenue | $1,942.1 | $1,792.3
Gross profit | $444.8 | $382.3
Gross margin | 18.7% | 17.7%
Gross margin excluding surcharge revenue | 22.9% | 21.3%


Question: In which years was the gross margin calculated?
Answer: 2019, 2018
The following is a breakdown of revenue by shipment destination (in thousands):
(1) Asia Pacific includes revenue from China $1.1 million or 11% and Japan of $1.8 million or 17% of total revenue in 2019 and $1.8 million or 15% and $1.6 million or 12% of total revenue in 2018, respectively. In 2017, revenue from China and Japan were $1.3 million or 11% and $1.5 million or 12%, respectively.
(2) North America includes revenue from the United States of $4.7 million or 46% of total revenue in 2019, $6.4 million or 50% of total revenue in 2018 and $4.2 million or 34% of total revenue in 2017.
Table:
 |  |  | Fiscal Years
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
Revenue by geography: |  |  | 
Asia Pacific (1) | $3,049 | $4,905 | $5,810
Europe | 2,459 | 1,280 | 2,015
North America (2) | 4,802 | 6,444 | 4,324
Total revenue | $10,310 | $12,629 | $12,149


Question: What is the average revenue from North America in 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 5623
Calculation: (6,444 + 4,802)/2
AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Tabular amounts in millions, unless otherwise disclosed)
6. NOTES RECEIVABLE AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Notes receivable and other non-current assets consisted of the following:
The reduction in Long-term prepaid ground rent is a result of the reclassification of assets to the Right-of-use asset in connection with the Company’s adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
Table:
 | As of | 
 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018
Long-term prepaid ground rent | $— | $607.5
Notes receivable | 1.1 | 1.0
Other miscellaneous assets | 405.3 | 354.1
Notes receivable and other non-current assets | $406.4 | $962.6


Question: Why did long-term prepaid ground rent decrease?
Answer: reclassification of assets to the Right-of-use asset in connection with the Company’s adoption of the new lease accounting standard.
Amortization of Intangible Assets: Substantially all of our intangible assets were acquired through our business combinations. We amortize our intangible assets over, and monitor the appropriateness of, the estimated useful lives of these assets. We also periodically review these intangible assets for potential impairment based upon relevant facts and circumstances. Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual report has additional information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.
Amortization of intangible assets increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to additional amortization from intangible assets, which primarily included developed technology that we acquired in connection with our recent acquisitions, partially offset by a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized.
Table:
Year Ended May 31, |  |  |  | 
 |  |  | Percent Change | 
(Dollars in millions) | 2019 | Actual | Constant | 2018
Developed technology | $857 | 13% | 14% | $758
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships | 712 | -3% | -3% | 731
Other | 120 | -9% | -9% | 131
Total amortization of intangible assets | $1,689 | 4% | 4% | $1,620


Question: Why did amortization of intangible assets increase in fiscal 2019 relative to fiscal 2018?
Answer: Amortization of intangible assets increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to additional amortization from intangible assets
13. Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) was signed into U.S. Law. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had completed its accounting for the tax effects related to the enactment of the Tax Act.
The Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and recorded a $15.0 million provisional tax charge. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company reduced the initial provisional tax charge by recording a $4.9 million benefit related to accelerated tax deductions claimed on the 2018 U.S. Federal Income Tax Return.
The Tax Act required U.S. companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted foreign earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a $20.9 million provisional tax charge based on post-1986 earnings and profits of foreign subsidiaries that were previously deferred from U.S. income taxes. Upon further analysis, the Company reduced the initial provisional tax charge by recording an $8.1 million benefit during the year ended December 31, 2018.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a $15.5 million valuation allowance on its deferred tax asset related to U.S. foreign tax credits based upon business conditions and tax laws in effect at that time.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, following the acquisition of Speedpay, the Company determined it will more likely than not be able to utilize foreign tax credits in future years due to additional income generated by Speedpay; therefore, the Company released the $15.5 million valuation allowance that had been established on this deferred tax asset.
The Tax Act subjects a U.S. shareholder to tax on global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company has elected to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred.
Prior to 2018, the Company considered all earnings in foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested, and accordingly, recorded no deferred income taxes related to unremitted earnings. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company considered only the earnings in its Indian subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested. The earnings of all other foreign subsidiaries are no longer considered indefinitely reinvested. The Company is also permanently reinvested for outside book/tax basis differences related to foreign subsidiaries.
For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components (in thousands):
Table:
 |  | Years Ended December 31, | 
 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017
United States | -16,317 | $16,312 | -42,863
Foreign | 88,527 | 75,487 | 86,435
Total | $72,210 | $91,799 | $43,572


Question: How much was the valuation allowance recorded by the company on its deferred tax asset related to U.S. foreign tax credits in 2018?
Answer: $15.5 million