management 2019s discussion and analysis operating expenses our operating expenses are primarily influenced by compensation , headcount and levels of business activity . in addition , see 201cuse of estimates 201d for expenses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings . compensation and benefits includes salaries , discretionary compensation , amortization of equity awards and other items such as benefits . discretionary compensation is significantly impacted by , among other factors , the level of net revenues , overall financial performance , prevailing labor markets , business mix , the structure of our share-based compensation programs and the external environment . the table below presents our operating expenses and total staff ( which includes employees , consultants and temporary staff ) . .

Table:
$ in millions | year ended december 2014 | year ended december 2013 | year ended december 2012
compensation and benefits | $ 12691 | $ 12613 | $ 12944
brokerage clearing exchange anddistribution fees | 2501 | 2341 | 2208
market development | 549 | 541 | 509
communications and technology | 779 | 776 | 782
depreciation and amortization | 1337 | 1322 | 1738
occupancy | 827 | 839 | 875
professional fees | 902 | 930 | 867
insurance reserves1 | 2014 | 176 | 598
other expenses | 2585 | 2931 | 2435
total non-compensation expenses | 9480 | 9856 | 10012
total operating expenses | $ 22171 | $ 22469 | $ 22956
total staff at period-end | 34000 | 32900 | 32400
1 .
consists of changes in reserves related to our americas reinsurance business , including interest credited to policyholder account balances , and expenses related to property catastrophe reinsurance claims .
in april 2013 , we completed the sale of a majority stake in our americas reinsurance business and no longer consolidate this business .
2014 versus 2013 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.17 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.69 billion for 2014 , essentially unchanged compared with 2013 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2014 was 36.8% ( 36.8 % ) compared with 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) for 2013 .
total staff increased 3% ( 3 % ) during 2014 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.48 billion for 2014 , 4% ( 4 % ) lower than 2013 .
the decrease compared with 2013 included a decrease in other expenses , due to lower net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments , as well as a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business in 2013 .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2014 were $ 754 million compared with $ 962 million for 2013 ( both primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) .
2014 included a charitable contribution of $ 137 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
2013 versus 2012 .
operating expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 22.47 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
compensation and benefits expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 12.61 billion for 2013 , 3% ( 3 % ) lower compared with $ 12.94 billion for 2012 .
the ratio of compensation and benefits to net revenues for 2013 was 36.9% ( 36.9 % ) compared with 37.9% ( 37.9 % ) for 2012 .
total staff increased 2% ( 2 % ) during 2013 .
non-compensation expenses on the consolidated statements of earnings were $ 9.86 billion for 2013 , 2% ( 2 % ) lower than 2012 .
the decrease compared with 2012 included a decline in insurance reserves , reflecting the sale of our americas reinsurance business , and a decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses , primarily reflecting lower impairment charges and lower operating expenses related to consolidated investments .
these decreases were partially offset by an increase in other expenses , due to higher net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings , and higher brokerage , clearing , exchange and distribution fees .
net provisions for litigation and regulatory proceedings for 2013 were $ 962 million ( primarily comprised of net provisions for mortgage-related matters ) compared with $ 448 million for 2012 ( including a settlement with the board of governors of the federal reserve system ( federal reserve board ) regarding the independent foreclosure review ) .
2013 included a charitable contribution of $ 155 million to goldman sachs gives , our donor-advised fund .
compensation was reduced to fund this charitable contribution to goldman sachs gives .
the firm asks its participating managing directors to make recommendations regarding potential charitable recipients for this contribution .
38 goldman sachs 2014 annual report .

Question: what is the growth rate in operating expenses in 2013?
Answer: -2.1%
Calculation: subtract(22469, 22956), divide(#0, 22956)